dfO{ kf]v/LO{nfd

;+/If)fdf wd{, ;+:s[lt / k/Dk/fsf] dxTj;+/If)fdf wd{, ;+:s[lt / k/Dk/fsf] dxTj

hgj/L @))&

8An' 8An' Pkm g]kfn åf/f k|sflzt o; k|sfzgsf] k"0f{ cyjf cf+lzs c+z k'gM k|sfzgug{' k/] zLif{s tyf k|sfzsdf lglxt ;jf{lwsf/ clgjfo{ ¿kdf pNn]v ug'{kg]{5 .

;jf{lwsf/M 8An' 8An' Pkm g]kfn, @))&, dfO{ kf]v/L – ;+/If0fdf wd{, ;+:s[lt /k/Dk/fsf] dxTj

tof/ ug]{ M 8An' 8An' Pkm g]kfn ÷ sdn s'df/ ;fDkfË -/fO{_tl:j/ M 8An' 8An' Pkm g]kfn ÷ sdn s'df/ ;fDkfË -/fO{_;Dkfbg M ´ds Afxfb'/ sfsL{ -/fli6«o lgs'~h tyf jGohGt' ;+/If0f ljefu_

Plnhf :yflkt -8An' 8An' Pkm g]kfn_

Disclaimer: This publication is solely based on the perceptions of the local indigenous people anddoes not necessarily reflect the opinions held by the WWF Nepal.

/fli6«o k|ltlglwsf] ;Gb]z

l;d;f/ kfl/l:ylts k|0ffnLsf] Ps dxTjk"0f{ c+u xf] . l;d;f/n] kfgLsf] e08f/0f /

:jR5Ls/0f ug]{, :yflgo jfl;Gbfx?nfO{ ljleGg k|sf/sf >f]t pknAw u/fpg], ljleGg

b'n{e jGohGt' Pj+ jg:kltnfO{ jf;:yfg k|bfg ug]{ / wfld{s, ;f+:s[lts, P]ltxfl;s

tyf ko{6lso :ynsf] ?kdf ct'nlgo e"ldsf lgjf{x u/]sf] x'G5 .

g]kfn cg]sf}+ dxTjk"0f{ l;d;f/sf] wgL /fi6« ePtf klg c´} oL l;d;f/x?sf] vf]h /

dxTjsf] ljZn]if0f x'g afFsL g} /x]sf] 5 . t/fO{sf] sltko l;d;f/sf] ;j]{If0f tyf

cg';Gwfg eO{ b:tfj]hx? tof/ e};s]sf] 5, t/ kxf8L If]qdf cjl:yt w]/} h;f]

l;d;f/x?sf] cj:yfaf/] xfdL cgle¡f 5f}+ . oxL hfgsf/Lsf] sldnfO{ kl/k"lt{ ug{

8An' 8An' Pkm g]kfnsf] :jR5 hn ;Dkbf sfo{qmd cu|;/ ePsf] 5 .

:jR5 hn ;Dkbf sfoqmdn] xfn pRr lxdfnL If]qdf /x]sf l;d;f/x?sf] ljj/0f

tof/ ug]{ qmd cuf8L a9fPsf] 5 . o;} ;Gbe{df k|:t't k'l:tsfn] k/Dk/fut ?kn]

hLjg ofkg ub}{ cfPsf cflbjf;L hghftLx?n] wfld{s, P]ltxfl;s / ;f+:s[lts cf:yf

Pj+ ljZjf;sf cfwf/df tL If]qsf ;+/If0f tyf pkof]u u/]sf] lhjGt pbfx/0fx? k|:t't

u/]sf] 5 .

of] cg';Gwfg cuf8L a9fpg k|fljlws ?kn] ;xof]u ul/lbg' ePsf]df /fli6«o lgs'~h

tyf jGohGt' ;+/If0f ljefu / cfly{s ;xof]u ul/lbg' ePsf]df 8An' 8An' Pkm

g]b/Nof08\;÷8An' 8An' Pkm O{G6/g]zgn / 8An' 8An' Pkm o's] k|lt 8An' 8An' Pkm

g]kfn xflb{s s[t¡ftf ¡ffkg ub{5 .

cGTodf o; lsl;dsf] ljj/0f ;+sng / ;f] sf] k|sfzgaf6 cGo If]qsf l;d;f/x?sf]

;+/If0f, ;Daw{g / j'l¢dŒff pkof]u ug{ ;3fp k'¥ofpg] 5 eGg] d}n] ck]Iff u/]sf] 5' .

clgn dfgGw/

/fli6«o k|ltlglw

8An' 8An' Pkm g]kfn

g]kfnsf] ;"b'/k"j{ d]rL c~rn, O{nfd lhNnf, dfO{ kf]v/L uf=lj=;=

cGtu{t kljq wfld{s dfO{ kf]v/L kb{5 . ^j6f c -cfn', cn}+rL,

clDn;f], cb'jf, cf]ng / cGt' 8fF8f_ n] k|Voft dflgPsf] O{nfd kljq

lxdfnL e"kl/lw sfo{qmd cGtu{t kb{5 . k|fs[lts ¿kdf cjl:yt

/x]sf] dfO{ kf]v/L ;d'Gb|L ;txaf6 nueu @,!)) dL= sf] prfO{df

/x]sf] kfO{G5 . ;fd'bflos jg leq /x]sf] wfld{s :yn dfO{ kf]v/L

h}ljs ljljwtfsf] ¿kdf dxTjk"0f{ dflgG5 .

dfO{ kf]v/L kl/;/df ls/fFt, ;'g'jf/, du/, lnDa', /fO{, u'¿Ë, z]kf{,

tfdfË, a|fXd0f, g]jf/, If]qL, blnt cflb hfltsf dflg;x? /x]sf

5g\ . O{nfddf Joj;flos s[lif k|0ffnLsf] lj:tf/ eO{;s]sf] 5 /

ToxfFsf] ;fdflhs cfly{s cj:yf klg To;} cg'¿k cuf8L al9;s]sf]

b]lvG5 .

;Ld;f/ If]qdf w]/} wgL dflgPsf] O{nfd lhNnfdf laleGg ¿kdf

/x]sf] ;Ld;f/ If]qx¿ 5g\ . dfO{ kf]v/L, xfF;kf]v/L, d'8s], uf]v]{ wfk,

;Gtk'/, sfnkf]v/L / 9'Ë]kf]v/L h:tf ;Ld;f/ / dfO{, hf]s dfO{, k'jf

/ b]pdfO h:tf kljq vf]nfx¿ dxTjk"0f{ 5g\ eGg] tYo ;xefuLtfd"ns

5nkmn cWoog sfo{qmddf c+lst ul/Psf] lyof] .

1

;f+:s[lts, wfld{s / k/Dk/fut d"NodfGotf;d'bfox¿sf] aLrdf ;xeflutfd"ns cWoog 5nkmn sfo{qmd dfO{ kf]v/L

Onfddf /flvPsf] lyof] . :yfgLo a'l4lhjL, ;dfh;]jL, wfdL, emfFqmL, ;fw'–

;Gt, lzIfs, dfO{ kf]v/L wfld{s ;fd'bflos jgsf kbflwsf/Lx¿ /

xf]6]njfnfx¿ pQm 5nkmndf ;xefuL /xg' ePsf] lyof]. 5nkmnsf] qmddf

To; 7fpFsf] ef}uf]lns cj:yf, jghËn, dfGo:yn, aGohGt', k+IfL, wfld{s

cf:yf, ljZjf;, wdf{jnDaLx¿sf] rfk, kfgLsf] cj:yf, k/Dk/fut hgljZjf;,

36gfqmd cflbsf] af/]df cWoog ul/of]] . ;j{k|yd o; sfo{sf] j[tfGt ul/Pkl5

;xefuLx¿n] 5nkmn ub{} dfO{ kf]v/L kl/;/sf] () x]S6/ If]qkmn leq kg]{

wfld{s jg, wfld{s k|of]hgsf] lgldQ k|of]u x'g] 3/, w'gL, k"hf ug]{ 7fpF, hfg

gx'g] jGohGt' a:g] If]q, ufpFn]x¿n] vfg x'g] hËnL t/sf/L, wfld{s jg:klt

cflbsf] j0f{g gS;f /]vfÍg åf/f ug'{ ePsf] lyof] . To;}u/L dfO{ kf]v/Ldf gf}

s'gf /x]sf] / pTklQsfndf gf} j6f b]jLx¿ cfO{ af; a:bf pQm dfO{ kf]v/Lsf]

;[hgf ePsf] egfO{ klg k'vf{x¿n] eGg' ePsf] eGg] hfgsf/L k|fKt eof] .

To;}u/L d'Vo ¿kdf a'9fkfsfx?nfO{ ;xefuL u/fO{ dfO{ kf]v/L af/]df jxfFx¿sf]

cg'ej, df}lvs ¿kdf jxfFx¿n] ;'gL cfPsf, b]lv cfPsf £ft\nfUbf sygx?af/]

uxg tl/sfn] 5nkmn ul/Psf] lyof] . ;xefuLx¿n] dfO{ kf]v/Ldf wfld{s

cf:yf lnP/ cfpg] ;d'bfox¿sf] lrqfÍg klg tof/ kfg'{ ePsf] lyof] .

2

dfO{

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wfld

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f ug

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gx'g]

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æ Æklxnf klxnf Pp6f ;fgf] r/L lyof] . p;n] kf]v/Ldf v;]sf] kftx¿ cgs06f/ 7fpFdfk'¥ofO{ kf]v/Lsf] kfgL ;kmf ug]{ ub{Yof] t/ cfhef]nL pQm r/L b]lvg 5f8]sf] 5 .

3

ÆæpQ/ klZrd 5]pdf Pp6f u'kmf /x]sf] 5 /

To;sf] 5]pdf cf}+;L k"l0f{dfdf aQL aN5eGg] s'/f xfdLn] ;'g]sf 5f}+ . Æ

æklxnf klxnf 6f9faf6 cfpg] ofq'tLyf{n' eQmhgx¿nfO{ vfgf k7fpg] /jt{g lbg] dfO{ kf]v/Lsf] zlQm lyof] .

dfO{

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lrq

4

Ææ

36gf cWogM du/ ;d'bfo

du/ ;d'bfo ls/fFt j+zleq kg]{ Ps ;d"x xf] .

dfO{ kf]v/L glhs}sf] ;'n'j'ª uf=lj=;=df cfk\mgf]

k'Vof}{nL ;fF:s[lts k/Dk/fsf] dfO{ kf]v/L;Fu

cGof]Gofl>t ;DaGw /x]sf] s'/f wg axfb'/

a'hf{du/ ;'gfpg' x'G5 . k'hf/L du/sf] egfO{sf]

efj cg';f/ df}lns efiff, ;F:s[lt, k/Dk/f,

l/ltl/jfh, wfld{s ;Ld;f/ of lghL kfgL,

vf]nf, s'jf, kfgLsf] d"n, kf]v/L / s'08 cf:yfsf]

laGb'sf] ¿kdf hghftL;+u ulx/f] ;DaGw ePsf]

x'Fbf]/x]5 eGg] s'/f a'emfpF5 . cfw'lgs

;dfhaf6 nf]kf]Gd"v df¿gL gfrsf] dfO{ kf]v/L

;Ld;f/ kfl/l:ytLs k|0ffnL;Fu cg'kd ;DaGw

/x]sf] x'gfn] k/fDk/fut l/ltl/jfhsf] hu]gf{ ug'{

kg]{ clt cfjZos b]lvG5 .

xfd|f] k'vf{x¿n] k|of]udf Nofpg' ePsf] k'/fgf] ;F:s[ltcg'?k xfdL dfO{ kf]v/Ldf cfO{ k"hfcfhf u/L an,:j/ / tfn dfUg] ub{5f}+ . klxnf o; k|sf/sf];F:s[ltnfO{ df¿gL gfr elgGYof] / ;dfhdf o;sf]/fd|f] ;Ddfg lyof], t/ cfhef]nLsf k':tfx¿n] o;k|sf/sf] gfr /fd|f] dfGb}gg\ .

Æ

æxfdLn] 3/sf] s'n b]jtfnfO{ ;Ddfg u/L jxfFx¿ ;Fu andfUg] rng 5 . To;kl5 dfO{ kf]v/Ldf k"hfcfhfug]{ xfd|f] k'/fgf] wfld{s k/Dk/f 5 . o;/LdfO{ kf]v/Ldf k"hfcfhf ub}{, ag, kfgL, ¿v, cfuf],xfjf, 9'Ëf, df6f], wtL{ cflb;Fu /x]sf b]j, b]jL,b]jtfx¿nfO{ af]nfpFb} :j/, tfn, tn}of / To;} cg';f/df¿gL gfr z'¿ ug]{ k'/fgf] rng xf] .

5

dftf lgd{n dfO{ xfn (! aif{sf] x'g'x'G5 . jxfF cfkm\gf]

o'jfcj:yf b]lv jt{dfgsfn;Dd dfO{ kf]v/L kfl/l:ytLlso

k|0ffnL leq a;L /xg' ePsf] 5 . pxfFsf] >Ldfg, gf/fo0f lbn

hf] ls/fFt ;'g'jf/ -d'lvof_ h;dgLsf wdf{jnDaL x'g'x'GYof],

xfn :ju{jf; eO{;Sg' eof] . P]ltxfl;s tYo, vf]h, wfld{s

dfGotf, 36gf, df}lns k/Dk/f ;DaGwL hfgsf/Lsf lglDt

lgd{n dfO{nfO{ ;fIfLsf] ¿kdf 5flgPsf] lyof] . To;} ;Gbe{df

lgd{n dfO{ cfk\mgf] ljut tkm{ kms]{/ eGg' x'G5

lgd{n dfO{sf] cfTdsyf

Æ

æd To; ;dodf pd]/n] eSv/s} lyPF . w]/}klxnfsf] 36gf xf], To; ;dodf afnf u'¿ cfpg'eP5 / !^ laleGg /Ësf] aQL dfO{ kf]v/Ldf/fvL, x] dfO{ kf]v/L tkfO{ o:tf] gfËf] PsfGt7fpFdf cfP/ lsg a:g' ePsf] egL k|Zg ;f]Wg'eP5 . pQ/df dfO{ kf]v/Ln] xfdL gf} alxgLkf]v/Lsf] pQ/df /fi6« ;]jssf]] ¿kdf a;]sf 5f}eGg] hjfkm lbO{5g\ . Tof] a[tfGt afnf u'¿n]dnfO{ ;'gfpFb} eGg'eof], dftf tkfO{ c;fWo}efUodfgL x'g' x'Fbf] /x]5 lsgls o:tf] dfO{ kf]v/Lcfdf;Fu a:g' kfpg' ePsf] 5 . tkfO{ oxfF/x'Gh]n ;a} cfuGt's, bfh'efO{, lbbLalxgL,O{i6ldqnfO{ dfO{ kf]v/Lsf] kfgL zL/df /fvL lbg'/ dfO{ kf]v/Lsf] gfpF lnP/ dgf]sf+Iff k'/f x'g]cflzjf{b lbg' . xfn;Dd d To;} ul//x]sL 5' .

Æ

æxfd|f] df¿gL gfrdf dfbn ahfpFb} dlxnfsf] :j¿k abn]/ gfRg] dflg;n] cfkm\gf]xftdf sf;s'6sf] yfn lnP/ emfFqmL dfbnsf] :j/df gfRg' kg]{ x'G5 / csf{ Pshgfbfp/f vf]h]sf], sf6]sf] cg';f/df gfRb} dfO{ kf]v/Lsf] cf/fwgf ug'k5{ . kl5ufpF3/df gfr n}hfFbf yfndf k};f /fvL lbg] / cGo blIf0ff lbg] k/Dk/fut k|rng5 . o:tf] k/Dk/f lbkfjnLdf Ps b'O{ dlxgf;Dd gfRg] rng lyof] . of] gfr gflr;s]kl5, dfO{ kf]v/Ldf cfO{ bfg blIf0ff e]6L r9fO{ tkfO{x¿n] lbg' ePsf] an a/bfg,:j/ / tfnsf] lgldQ w]/} w]/} wGojfb 5, uNtL ePdf Ifdf rfxG5f}+, tkfO{x¿ ;w}+oxfFg} a;L /xg' xf]nf eGb} o; gfrsf] la;h{g ug]{ xfd|f] k/Dk/f 5 .

6

jxfFx¿n] laleGg 7fpFdf hfFbf kfOPsf / dfO{ kf]v/L lnP/ cfO{ /f]k]sf la¿jfx¿ lgDg 6]andf

;dfj]z 5 .

l%g^fk' lhdL/afb t'DnLª ^Kk' :yfgLo9\ofªu|] eb|f;] ktnLË] c/df]7] dfN6f];Nnf gfu|] s6';uf]a|] ;Nnf baba] ah/f7nfnrGb kmn]bf]v;|f] ;]tf] / /ftf] u'F/f;

don;Lnl6d'/lgjf/f]uf]ug;fp/plQ;c/kft]

æ

Æ

d / d]/f >Ldfg s}nfzdf ePsf kf]v/Lx¿ 3'Dg hfg] ub{Yof}+, h:t} lji0f' -ltDa'_,nIdL, hDn], nDaf, lg/, do"/, /fdnId0f, em\ofDk6], 9'Ë] / 9'wkf]v/L cflb .xfdL b'O{ ltg aif{sf] aLrdf wd{sf] ¿kdf tLy{ hfg] ub{Yof}+ . tL kf]v/Lx¿af6 kfgLlnP/ dfO{ kf]v/Ldf /fv]sf 5f}+, a8f] kljq / zlQmzfnL 5 . ah|, x'/Latf;cflbaf6 ;'/Iff ub{5 . O{nfddf e"ld ;'wf/ nfu" ePkl5 dfO{ kf]v/LnfO{ wfdLIf]q egL 5'6fO{ lbP / kmnfd] tf/n] 3]/f nufO{ lbP . To;kl5 >Ldfg gf/fo0flbn ^ lsnf] rfdn, ! lsnf] £o" lnP/ bflh{lnËsf] ;'So eGg] 7fpF hfg' eof] .pxfFn] To; 7fpFdf ePsf g;{/L /]v]b]v ug]{ kfn]nfO{ a]nLla:tf/ ;'gfpFb} af]6la¿jfsf] cg'/f]w ug'{ eP5 . kfn]n] wd{sf] nflu /x]5, ;fw'af laxfgsf] klxnf]kxndf tkfO{ l;dfgf s6L;s]sf] x'g' k5{, af]Sg ;Sg] u/L n}hfp, d x/fP5 egLatfpnf eg]k5L gf/fo0f lbnn] To;}u/L /ftsf] !@ ah]s} ;dodf w'kL ;Nnfnufotsf la¿jfx¿ lnP/ af6f]df hËnL hgfj/n] cfqmd0f u5{ls eGb} l;dfgfs6fP/ g]kfn Nofpg' eP5 . kfFr 5 lbgdf dfO{ kf]v/Ldf NofO{ /f]k]sf] af]6 la¿jfx¿xfn oxfF jl/k/L ePsf ?vx? x'g\ . To;kl5 laleGg 7fpF 3'Dg hfFbf kfOPsf af]6la¿jfx¿ NofpFb} cfk\mg} OR5fn] /f]kL x'sf{Psf] of] wfld{s ag xf] .

ÆædfO{ kf]v/L zlQmzfnL 5 . d}n] cf}+;L k"l0f{dfdf gLnf], xl/of], kFx]nf] u/L laleGg

/Ësf] aQL an]sf] b]v]sf] 5' . slxn] sfFxL afhf ah]sf] cfjfh ;'lgGYof] . s;}n]kmf]x/ u¥of] eg] / g/fd|f] lrtfof] eg] dfO{ kf]v/L l/;fpFl5g\ .

7

o;/L dfO{ kf]v/L xl/ofnL agfpg'df lgd{n dfO{ / gf/fo0f lbnsf] wfld{s / ;fF:s[lts of]ubfg

/x]sf] k|i6 x'g cfpF5 . ljljw jg:klt oqtq /f]Kb} hfg] k/Dk/f, k|fs[lts lgod / wfld{s

dfGotf cg'¿k cfh x/]s r/fr'¿ËLx¿, jGohGt', peor/, ynr/, gjr/, hnr/ cflbsf]

af;:yfg ePsf] If]q / dfgjsf] nflu cf:yfsf] laGb' dfO{kf]v/L /x]sf] 5 .

Æ

ædfO{ kf]v/Ldf un}+r] emf/ lyof] /], To; ;dodf tkfgLdf v]Ng kfgL xfF; cfpg] / pQm un}+r] emf/dfly 3fd tfk]/ a:g] uYof]{ /]] . ha s]xL JolQmlhNnf ;b/d'sfdaf6 cfP/ un}+r] emf/ lgsfNg]sfd eof], ta b]lv xfF; klg cfpg 5f8]sf] h:tf]5 . un}+r] emf/ lgsfNg] ;dodf gf/fo0f lbnn]o;f] ug'{ x'Gg g/fd|f] 36gf x'g ;S5 eGbf eGb} klgx6fpg] sfo{ x'Fbf gf} lbgkl5 gf/fo0f lbn la/fdLx'g' eof] / gf} dlxgfdf :ju{af; x'g' eof] .

Æ

æ;a}n] kfgL 36]sf] 5, kf]v/Ldfaflx/af6 kfgL NofP/ nufPsf] 5 /]egL ;'G5' . d uP/ x]g{ ;lQmg .dfO{ kf]v/Ldf t cfkm}n] kfgLsf]Joa:yf ug'{ x'G5 . To;/L dgk/Lubf{ g/fd|f] x'g ;S5, lrQ b'vfpg;S5 . klxnf s:n] s] u¥of] s'GgLo; kf]v/Lsf] Ps s'gfaf6 klx/f]uof] . Ps alxgL l/;fP/ uPsf]eGb} gf/fo0f lbnn] eGg'eof] .

Æ

æd}n] ljqmd ;Dat @)$% ;fnb]lvdfO{ kf]v/Ldf kfgL tx $ lkm6sf]xf/fxf/Ldf 36]sf] cg'dfg u/]sf] 5' .To;}u/L ljqmd ;Dat @)^! kf}if !(df cfPsf] ;'gfdLsf] c;/ dfO{ kf]v/LdfcfPsf] /x]5 . ;a]/} kf]v/Ldf cfpFbft kf]v/Lsf] kfgL k/ k/ ;Dd 5Nsf]uPsf] 7fpF 5 . cg'dfg ubf{ & dL6/k/;Dd kf]v/Lsf] kfgL k'Ug'df kf]v/Lsf]kfgL nueu !# dL6/sf] prfO{dfp7]sf] x''g'k5{ . d}n]] crDd dfGb}ufpFn]x¿nfO{ af]nfO{ x]g{ nufP .

5nkmn ug]{ qmddf lgd{n dfO{ / gf/fo0f lbnsf] h]7f] 5f]/f pbo axfb'/ d'lvof -;'g'jf/_ eGg'x'G5

8 Æ

To;kl5 ufpFn]x¿ cfP/

dfO{ kf]v/Lsf] k"hfcfhf ug]{

u/]sf] / ufpFn]x¿n] klg

kf]v/Lsf] kfgLn] k/;Dd

hdLg tfh} b]v]sf] s'/f

atfP . kf]v/Ldf k|fs[lts /

b}aL zlQmsf] cyfx ;fu/ 5 .

dfg / ;Ddfgsf] ¿kdf of]

;+/lIft /x]sf] kfO{G5 .

pbo axfb'/ d'lvof -;'gjf/_,cjz]ifsf] ?kdf /x]sf] un}+r] emf/b]vfpFb} eGg'x'G5

æof] emf/ dfO{ kf]v/Ldf dfq kfOg] /}yfg] jg:klt kf] /x]5 . klxnf t kf]v/L g} 9fSg]u/L km}lnPsf] lyof] of] emf/ . To; jvt y'k|} kfgL xfF;x? o; 7fpFdf cfpg], v]Ng] /s]xL ;do ljtfP kl5 a;fO{ ;/L cGt} hfg] ub{y]] . cfhef]nL o; s'gfdf /x]sf] un+}r]emf/sf] gd'gf xf] . lhNnfaf6 v6fO{ cfPsf dflg;x?n] kf]v/Laf6 o; /}yfg] emf/nfO{lems] kl5 ufpFn]x?n] o; If]qdf ko{6g ljsf; ug'{k5{ egL 8'Fuf rnfpg' yfn] .kf]v/Ldf To;/L 8'Fuf rnfpg] ubf{ kf]v/Ldf ePsf df5fx? km6f–km6 dg{ yfNof] . nf}dfO{ b]jLx? l/;fpg' ef], lrQ b'Mvfpg' ef] xf]nf, ca b]lv o; kljq dfO{ kf]v/Ldf8'Fuf rnfpg 5f8\g' k5{ egL aGb ul/of] . 8'Fuf rnfpg /f]s]b]lv o; kf]v/Ldf To;/Ln5\ok} x'g] u/L df5f d/]sf] 5}g. d]/f] a'af gf/fo0f lbn un}r] emf/ leSg] ;dodfo;f] ug'{x'Gg, dfO{ eujtL, b]jL ;fIfft x'g'x'G5, /fd|f] lrtfpg' k5{, lrtfPsf] k'¥ofOlbg'x'G5 . o;/L dgk/L ubf{ dfO{ eujtL l/;fpg' x'G5 / ;dfhdf g/fd|f] 36gf b'3{6gf x'g;S5 eGg' ePsf] lyof] . geGb} pSt un}r] emf/ lemSg z'? u/]sf] gf} lbgb]lv la/fdx'g' ePsf] gf} dlxgfdf lbjËt x'g' ef] . To;kl5 kf]v/Ldf ko{6g ljsf; ug]{ gfddfrnfOPsf] 8'Ëf, To;kl5 d/]sf df5f / 8'Fuf rnfpg 5f8] kl5sf] cj:yf d]/f]hLjgdf cfOk/]sf] 36gf qmdx? x'g\ . oL ;a}sf] cy{ b}j zlSt ;fd'Gg] xg' xf] / pxfF;fIfft dfO eujtL, b]jLn] k|fs[lts hutsf] ;+/If0f ug'{'x'G5 .

9

Æwd{s} gfddf pbo axfb'/n] klg ljleGg

sfo{qmd u/L /fVg' x'G5 . pxfFs} kxndf

æwd{sf] nflu ejgÆ / dfO{ kf]v/L wfld{s

dxf]T;j @)^@, cfof]hgf ul/Psf] lyof] h;df

8An' 8An' Pkmsf] klg ;xeflutf lyof] . j[xt\

;f]r /fVg] k|s[lt k|]dL pbo axfb'/ d'lvof

-;'g'jf/_ sf] ljrf/, ljdz{ / 1fgnfO{

;+/If0fdf nfu' ug{ ;s] ;'gdf ;'uGw x'g]

lyof] xf]nf .

cltt :d/0f ub}{ dfO{ kf]v/Lsf] h}ljs uf]/]6f]sf] ljsf; /eljioaf/] jxfF o;f] eGg'x'G5–

æcfdf / a'jfn] ljleGg 7fpFdf tLy{hfg'ePsf] ;dodf ToxfFaf6 NofO{ /f]Kg'ePsf] jg h+un cfh o:tf] 5 .ljleGg hftsf af]6 la?jfx? kfOGf] o;wfld{s jg If]qdf hft hfltsfjGohGt', k+IfLx? a:g], cfpg]–hfg]ub{5g\ . o; If]qnfO{ cGo If]q;+u;+/If0f ub}{, ;DaGw lj:tf/ ug{ ;s]/fd|f] x'g] lyof] . dfO{ kf]v/Lsf] pQ/dfsGrgh+3f ;+/If0f If]q / blIf0fdfu?jf pkTosf, To;}u/L k"j{df ef/tsf];L+3lnnf /fli6«o lgs'~h;+u hf]l8Psf]xfd|f] k|fs[lts jg / klZrddf /x]sf]k|fs[lts jg g} d'Vo xf] .

10

æÆ

æ/f0ff sfndf blIf0f ef/taf6 Pshgf of]uL cfP/ dfO{ kf]v/Ldf sf]6Lxf]d nufpgz'¿ u/]5 . ;a} ufpFn]x¿n] ufO{sf] b'w, £o", rfdn, wfg, kmnk"mn, k};f, ufO{ OToflbr9fpb} uO{/x]sf] ;dodf dfO{ kf]v/L glhsdf /x]sf] Ps kl/jf/n] O{nfd ;b/d'sfddfuO{ /f0ffsflng k|d'vnfO{ Ps ;fw' cfO{ ufpFn]x¿nfO{ cGg, k};f, b'w, £o" NofpgafWo agfOPsf] 5, x6fpg' kg]{ h:tf lalGt u/]kl5 To;sf] ;dfwfgsf] lgldQsfo{jfxL ug]{ gfpFdf dflg; vl6Psf] va/ ;'g]/ pQm sf]6Lxf]dsf of]uL k"hf k'/f gx'Fb}s]xL ufpFn]x¿n] wd{sf] nflu r9fPsf] k};f cfk'mn] / afFsL ;DklQ kf]v/Lsf] aLrIf]qdf kmfn]/ pQ/ tk{m nfUg' eP5 . Tof] ;dob]lv otf pQm kl/jf/df jt{dfg;Ddklg ckfË ;Gtfg hGdg] u/]sf] 5 . ;dfhsf hf] sf]xLn] To;/L g/fd|f] ljrf/n] sfo{]{u/] g/fd|f] 36gf 36\g] ;Totf /x]sf] 5 .

Æ;Gtfg gx'g] hf]8Ln] dfO{ kf]v/Ldf cfO{k"hf cf/fwgf u/] ;Gtfg k|fKtL xG5 .

Ps ;fd'lxs 5nkmnsf] qmddf Ps ;xefuLn] dfO{ kf]v/Ldf 36]sf] P]ltxfl;s 36gf af/]df

o:tf] eGg'x'G5

dfO{ kf]v/L Ps cnf}lss cbe"t ;Totfn] k"0f{ gf} b]jL ;+;fl/s /Iffsf] nflu /x]sf] ;fIfft

cf:yfsf] :yn /x]5 eGg] ljZjf; o;/L laleGg s'/fx¿n] k|i6 ePsf] 5 .

æÆ

ljZjf; / 36gfqmdfg';f/wfld{s k/Dk/fn]dfO{ kf]v/Lsf] ;+/If0fdfof]ubfg k'¥ofO{ /x]sf] b]lvG5 .

ÆædfO{ kf]v/Ldf kmnk"mn r9fpg] / k"jL{ s'gfdf dfq k"hf ug]{ k/Dk/f 5 . k"mn, w'k /

kftsf] b'gfdf t]nsf] aQL afnL kf]v/Lsf] kljq lgd{n hnn] aQLnfO{ k;f{O k"hf u/LkfgL lgwf/ jf lz/df r9fO{ lrtfPsf] sfo{ k'/f x'g] ljZjf; ug]{ k/Dk/f 5 . o;leq anL r9fpg], lzsf/ v]Ng] sfd ug'{ x'Gg eGg] hgljZjf; /x]sf] x'gfn] hf] sf]xLTo;f] ug{ 8/fpF5g\ / ub{}gg\ klg .

11

æ Æ

36gf cWoogM dfO{ kf]v/L dxf]T;j @)^@

sljtf lgaGwx? klg dfO{ kf]v/LnfO{ ;Daf]wg u/L zfGtLs} lgldQ jfrg ul/Psf] lyof] . To;/L

g} lgTox? klg ædfO eujtL zfGtL b]pÆ zfGtL s} lglDt efjgf b;f{pg] :jefjsf lyP . ;b}j

s[lif / 3/fo;L sfddf hf]ltg' k/]sf Onfd]nL dlxnfx? cfˆgf] j]bgf / /f]bgnfO{ xFf;f]sf] ?kdf

dfO{ eujtL, b]jLsf] gfd ln+b} ;+uLgL k/Dk/fut gfr b]vfO /fVg' ePsf lyof] .

*) jif{sf] Ps j[¢ dlxnf eGg'x'G5–

afa' dfO{ eujtL;+u zfGtLsf]sfdgf ug{ cfsf] .

dfO{ kf]v/L wfld{s dxf]T;j @)^@ sf] cj;/

df xhf/f}+sf] ;+Vofdf ljleGg lhNnfb]lv

eSthg, k'hf/L / ;xefuLx? dfO{ kf]v/Lsf]

bz{g u/L cf–cfˆgf] dgf]efjgf JoSt ug{

kfNg' ePsf] b]lvGYof] . clwsf+z cfuGt's

kfx'gfx?sf] Pp6} rfxgf lyof] M dfO{ kf]v/LnfO{

lz/f]k/ /fvL zfGtL 5fcf];\ .

ljleGg hft–hftLx?sf] wfld{s ;f+:s[lt

emNsfpg] k/Dk/fut jfhf–ufhf / gfr lnP/

æxfd|f] nflu eujtL b]jL dftf x'g'x'G5 . pxfF

xfd|f] b'Mv, si6, kL/, dsf{nfO{ a'lemlbg' x'G5Æ

elg cfpg] k'/fgf] rng /x]5 . cfˆgf] uR5]

cg';f/n] dfO{ kf]v/L;+u jn, j/bfg / efjgf

kf]Vg] ls/fFtLx?sf] P]ltxfl;s ;fs]nf zLnL

df6f], 9'Fuf, xfjf, kfgL, jf]6, lj?jf,

ls/f km6\ofª\u|f vf]nf–gfnf, kfgL, kFw]/f, cGg,

afnL b]jL, b]ptf, k'sf/b} dfO{ kf]v/L cflb

kmnfSb} cj cfpg] ;do, df};d xfd|f] nflu

kmnbfoL xf];\ eGg] ;f+:s[lts, k|fs[lts wd{sf]

k'Vof{}nL rng /x]5 .

12

v]tjf/Ldf jif]{ afnL nufpg' cl3 casf] df};d cGgafnL nufpg] ;do ePsf] h:tf]

5 M To;}n] xfdL df6f]df, wtL{df vghf]t ug{ hfg' kg]{ ;do cfPsf] 5 egL dftfnfO{

;'gfpF5f}F . xfd|f] k'vf{n] ul/ cfPsf] k/Dk/fnfO{ sfod /fVg / xfd|f] k|f0fsf] nflu cGgafnL

nufpg' kg]{ xfd|f] rng cg';f/ wtL{ dftfnfO{ rnfpg' kg]{ / To;/L wtL{nfO{ rnfpFbf

hLjhGt'x?sf] Hofg hf]lvddf kg{ ;S5 . xfdLn] nufPsf] ljp–ljhg /fd|f];Fu lahf/f]k0f

x'g kfcf];\, /f]u–ls/f gnfuf];\, /fd|f] kmnf];\, To:fsf] nflu /fd|f] xfjfkfgLsf] sfdgf ub{5f}+

egL ;fs]nf zLnL j}zfvdf Ps kN6 / afnL p7fO{ ;s]kl5 d+;L/df csf]{ kN6 dgfpg'

kg]{ /x]5 . of] k|rngsf] dfO{ kf]v/L;Fu cGof]Gofl>t ;DaGw /x]sf] ls/fFtL ;+:sf/n]

b]vfpF5 . k|fs[lts tyf lkqLTds ls/fFtLx?n] k/Dk/fut cGg, afnL, kz' k+IfLx¿nfO{

k'vf{x?sf] k|tLs ;Demg] / afnL p7fO{

;s]]kl5 cfk"mn] k|of]u ug{' eGbf cufl8

lkqL cfTdx?nfO{ r9fpg' kg]{ k/Dk/fn]

s[lif If]qn] klg h}ljs ljljwtf hf]ufO

/fv]sf] s'/f ;xefuL Ps j[¢n] atfpg'

eof] .

To;} u/L lnDa' ;dfhdf Rofj'Ë

gfrsf] clt dxTj /x]5 . dfO{ kf]v/L

glhs}af6 NofOPsf] nfdf] nfj–n;s/

lnDa' hftLx?sf] k}/g / jxfFx?sf]

k/Dk/fut ahfpg] Rofj'Ë gfrn] dfO{

kf]v/L;Fusf] ;DaGw b]vfpFb5 .

;xefuL Pshgf eG5g\ –

ÆæxfdL cfh o;

dxf]T;j zflGtsf]sfdgf ug{dfO{ kf]v/LcfPsf 5f}+ .

13

æh}ljs ljljwtf af/] 5nkmn sfo{df ;xefuLx¿ eG5g\

h}ljs ljljwtf / ;+/If0f

Æ

xfdL uj{sf] ;fy eGg ;S5f} ls xfd|f] dfO{ kf]v/L kl/;/n] h}ljs ljljwtf ;+/If0fsfo{df ct''nlgo of]ubfg k'¥ofO{/x]sf] 5 lsgls k"j{df ef/tsf] l;+xlnnf lgs'~h,pQ/df s~rgh+uf, blIf0fdf dfO{ vf]nf /+ u¿jf pkTosf x'Fb} t/fO{ kmFf6;Ddkm}lnPsf] k|fs[lts ;+hfn 5 . :yfgLo ljleGg r/fx¿sf] k|hflt, a;fO{ ;/fO{ u/Lcfpg] r/fx¿, d[u nufot y'k|} jGohGt'x¿ a:g], cfpg] hfg] u/]sf] tYon] klg o;sf]dxTj a'emfpF5 . peor/ kl/jf/df kg]{ kfgL uf]x/f], 5]kf/f] h:tf] b]lvg] g]kfnsf]Psdfq Eofu'tf ;d"x cGtu{t /x]sf] ;]n]d]G8/ -hf] k"jL{ g]kfnsf] /}yfg] k|hflt xf]_,dfO{ kf]v/L ;Ld;f/ If]qdf kfO{g] u/]sf] laleGg k|sf/sf] ;'gfv/L, nfnLu'F/f;dfO{ kf]v/Lsf] h}ljs ljljwtfsf pbfxf/0f x'g .

Onfddf dfq !* k|hfltsf] ;'gfv/L kfOG5

eGg] egfO{ 5 . dfO{ kf]v/L wfld{s jgdf

klxnf klxnf z'4 /ftf] k"mNg] ;'gfv/L ePsf]

t/ cfhef]ln kfpg 5f8]sf] u'gf;f] ToxfF

a:g] wdf{jnDaLx? Uf5{g\ . dfO{ kf]v/L

kl/;/df wfld{s dgf]sf+Iff k"/f ug{sf] nflu

lhpFbf] k/]jf p8fpg] k/Dk/f /x]5 . cfdf

afa'sf] dfofaf6 6f9f kf/L NofPsf] p8\g

g;Sg] k/]jfsf] aRrfnfO{ arfpg' k5{ eGg]

Jojxf/n] ;+/If0f efjgf ;f]rdf lge{/ ub{5

eGg] k|i6 x'g cfpF5 .

14

wfld{s, ;fF:s[lts hgcf:yfsf] s]Gb|sf] ¿kdf /x]sf] dfO{ kf]v/L gf/fo0f lbn / lgd{n dfO{sf]

of]ubfg, ljleGg of]uL, wfld{s ljåfgx¿sf] of]u, b}j zlQm / h}ljs ljljwtfsf] cd"No ld>0f xf] .

k/Dk/fb]lv rlncfPsf] hghflto k|rngx?sf] dfWodaf6 k|fs[lts ¿kdf /x]sf] pRr kxf8L e]usf]]

afbn] ag / dfO{ kf]v/L;Fu ;DalGwt h}ljs ljljwtfsf] bL3{sflng ;+/If0f sfo{nfO{ cem a9L

k|fyldstfsf;fy cufl8 a9fpg' clt cfjZos b]lvG5 .

WWF Nepal acknowledges with gratitude the support received for theFreshwater Program from all our partners, donors and supporters:

Government of Nepal; Ministry of Forests and Soil Conservation (MFSC);Department of National Parks and Wildlife Conservation (DNPWC);

Department of Forests (DoF); Department of Plant Resources; Water andEnergy Commission Secretariat (WECS); WWF International; WWF UK; WWF

US; WWF Netherlands; WWF Finland; WWF Sweden; Swedish InternationalDevelopment Cooperation Agency (SIDA); International Water Management

Institute (IWMI); and Community Based Organizations

@)@( ;fndf g]kfnn] /fli6«o lgs'Gh tyf jGohGt' ;+/If0fP]gsf] lgdf{0f u/]/ jGohGt' ;+/If0fsf] cfw'lgs o'udf k|j]zu/]sf] lyof] . /fli6«o lgs'Gh tyf jGohGt' ;+/If0f ljefusf]( j6f /fli6«o lgs'Gh, # j6f jGohGt' cf/If, # j6f ;+/If0f If]q/ ! j6f lzsf/ cf/If nufot ( j6f dWojtL{ If]qsf] ;~hfn/x]sf] 5 . oL ;j} u/]/ g]kfnsf] s"n e"–efusf] !(=$ k|ltztcyf{t @*,%*%=^& ju{ ls=ld= If]qkmn cf]u6]sf] 5 .

/fli6«o lgs'Gh tyf jGohGt' ;+/If0f ljefusf] k|d'v p2]Zox?dfg]kfnsf ax'd"No tyf ljleGg jGohGt' tyf jg:klt tyfe"–b[Zosf] ;+/If0f, ;'/Iff Pj+ k'gf]{Tyfg ug'{ /x]sf] 5 .

;g\ !(*& df g]kfn /fd;f/ dxf;GwLsf] ;b:o /fi6« ePsf] lyof] ./fli6«o lgs'Gh tyf jGohGt' ;+/If0f ljefu o; dxf;GwLsf]g]kfn sfof{Gjog ug]{ k|d'v lgsfosf] ?kdf /x]sf] 5 .

h}ljs ljljwtfsf] ;+/If0fsf lglDt ;g\ !(^! Df :yfkgf ul/Psf] 8An' 8An' Pkm Ps cGt/f{li6«o u}/;/sf/L ;+:yf xf] .:jL6\h/NofG8sf] UnFdf s]lGb««o sfof{no /x]sf] of] ;+:yf ()eGbf a9L /fi6«x?df lqmofzLn 5 . 8An' 8An' Pkm Ps :jtGq,u}/;/sf/L, u}//fhlglts, u}/wfld{s / gfkmf/lxt ;+:yf xf] .

8An' 8An' Pkmn] ljZjsf] k|fs[lts jftfj/0fnfO{ lgDgLs[tx'gaf6 hf]ufO{ tn plNnlvt sfo{x¿dfkm{t dflg; /k|s[ltaLr ;fd~h:o /xg] eljiosf] lgdf{0f ug]{ Wo]o /fVb5 M• ljZjsf] k|fs[lts ljljwtf hu]gf{ u/]/,• k'gM k|of]hgdf cfpg] k|fs[lts ;|f]tsf] lbuf]kgnfO{

;'lglZrt u/]/,• k|b"if0f / ckJooL pkef]u Go"g u/]/ .

8An' 8An' Pkm g]kfn:jR% hn;Dkbf sfo{qmdkf]=a=g+= &^^), afn'jf6f/, sf7df8f}+, g]kfn

kmf]gM (&&–!–$$#$*@), $$#$(&), $$!)($@

ˆofS;M (&&–!–$$#*$%*O{–d]nM info@wwfnepal.org

j]a;fO6M www.wwfnepal.org

www.panda.org/freshwater

/fli6«o lgs'~h tyf jGohGt' ;+/If0f ljefukf]=a=g+= *^), aa/dxn, sf7df8f}+, g]kfnkmf]gM (&&–!–$@@)*%), $@@)(!@, $@@&(@^

ˆofS;M (&&–!–$@@^^&%

O{–d]nM dnpwc@bdcin.wlink.com.np

j]a;fO6M www.dnpwc.gov.np