Diagrama Fe

8/19/2019 Diagrama Fe

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DIAGRAMA FE- C, TRATAMIENTOS TERMICOS EN LOS ACEROS

DIAGRAMA FE- C. TRATAMIENTOS TÉRMICOS ENLOS ACEROS

SEGUIMOS CON NUESTRAS ENTRADAS, EN ESTA OCASIÓN TRATAMOS UNTEMA EXTENSO PERO MUY INTERESANTE, PARA ELLO SABEMOS QUE ES UNTRATAMIENTO TÉRMICO:

Se conoce coo !"#!#$en!o !%"$co e& '"oce(o )*eco'"en+e e& c#&en!#$en!o +e &o( e!#&e( o &#(#&e#c$one( en e(!#+o (&$+o # !e'e"#!*"#(

+e$n$+#(, #n!en$%n+o&#( # e(# !e'e"#!*"# 'o"(*$c$en!e !$e'o, (e*$+o +e *n en"$#$en!o #/e&oc$+#+e( #+ec*#+#( con e& $n +e e0o"#" (*('"o'$e+#+e( 1($c#( 2 ec3n$c#(, e('ec$#&en!e &#+*"e4#, "e($(!enc$# 2 e&#(!$c$+#+. Lo( #!e"$#&e( # &o()*e (e #'&$c# e& !"#!#$en!o !%"$co (on53($c#en!e. E& #ce"o 2 &# *n+$c$n, o"#+o( 'o"

6$e""o 2 c#"5ono.Mejora de las propiedades a través deltratamiento térmico

L#( '"o'$e+#+e( ec3n$c#( +e &#( #&e#c$one( +e *n $(o e!#&, 2 en '#"!$c*&#" +e&o( #ce"o(, "e($+en en &# co'o($c$n )*1$c# +e &# #&e#c$n )*e &# o"# 2 e& !$'o +e!"#!#$en!o !%"$co # &o( )*e (e &e( (oe!e. Lo( !"#!#$en!o( !%"$co( o+$$c#n &#e(!"*c!*"# c"$(!#&$n# )*e o"#n # &o( #ce"o( ($n /#"$#" &# co'o($c$n )*1$c# +e &o($(o(.E(!# '"o'$e+#+ +e !ene" +$e"en!e( e(!"*c!*"#( +e "#no con &# $(# co'o($c$n

)*1$c# (e &&## 'o&$o"$(o 2 e( &# )*e 0*(!$$c# &o( !"#!#$en!o( !%"$co(.T%cn$c#en!e e& 'o&$o"$(o e( &# c#'#c$+#+ +e #&*no( #!e"$#&e( +e '"e(en!#"+$(!$n!#( e(!"*c!*"#( c"$(!#&$n#(, con *n# 7n$c# co'o($c$n )*1$c#, e& +$##n!e 2 e&"#$!o (on 'o&$o"$(o( +e& c#"5ono. L# 8-e""$!#, &# #*(!en$!# 2 &# 9-e""$!# (on'o&$o"$(o( +e& 6$e""o. E(!# '"o'$e+#+ en *n e&een!o )*1$co '*"o (e +eno$n##&o!"o'1#.

Po" &o !#n!o &#( +$e"en!e( e(!"*c!*"#( +e "#no '*e+en (e" o+$$c#+#(, o5!en$en+o#(1 #ce"o( con n*e/#( '"o'$e+#+e( ec3n$c#(, 'e"o ($e'"e #n!en$en+o &#co'o($c$n )*1$c#. E(!#( '"o'$e+#+e( /#"1#n +e #c*e"+o #& !"#!#$en!o )*e (e &e +%#& #ce"o +e'en+$en+o +e &# !e'e"#!*"# 6#(!# &# c*#& (e &o c#&$en!e 2 +e co (een"1# e& $(o. L# o"# )*e !en+"3 e& "#no 2 &o( $c"ocon(!$!*2en!e( )*eco'on+"3n #& #ce"o, (#5$en+o &# co'o($c$n )*1$c# +e& $(o e(!o e( 'o"cen!#0e+e C#"5ono 2 6$e""o Fe;<< 2 &# !e'e"#!*"# # &# )*e (e enc*en!"#, (e '*e+e /e" en e&



+$#"## 6$e""o c#"5ono.

Tratamientos térmicos del aceroE& !"#!#$en!o !%"$co en e& #!e"$#& e( *no +e &o( '#(o( *n+#en!#&e( '#"# )*e'*e+# #&c#n4#" &#( '"o'$e+#+e( ec3n$c#( '#"# &#( c*#&e( e(!3 c"e#+o. E(!e !$'o +e'"oce(o( con($(!en en e& c#&en!#$en!o 2 en"$#$en!o +e *n e!#& en (* e(!#+o (&$+o'#"# c#5$#" (*( '"o'$e+#+e( 1($c#(. Con e& !"#!#$en!o !%"$co #+ec*#+o (e '*e+en"e+*c$" &o( e(*e"4o( $n!e"no(, e& !##=o +e& "#no, $nc"een!#" &# !en#c$+#+ o'"o+*c$" *n# (*'e"$c$e +*"# con *n $n!e"$o" +7c!$&. L# c&#/e +e &o( !"#!#$en!o(!%"$co( con($(!e en &#( "e#cc$one( )*e (e '"o+*cen en e& #!e"$#&, !#n!o en &o(#ce"o( coo en &#( #&e#c$one( no %""e#(, 2 oc*""en +*"#n!e e& '"oce(o +ec#&en!#$en!o 2 en"$#$en!o +e &#( '$e4#(, con *n#( '#*!#( o !$e'o( e(!#5&ec$+o(.P#"# conoce" # )*e !e'e"#!*"# +e5e e&e/#"(e e& e!#& '#"# )*e (e "ec$5# *n!"#!#$en!o !%"$co e( "ecoen+#5&e con!#" con &o( +$#"##( +e c#5$o +e #(e(coo e& +e 6$e""o-c#"5ono. En e(!e !$'o +e +$#"##( (e e('ec$$c#n &#( !e'e"#!*"#(en &#( )*e (*ce+en &o( c#5$o( +e #(e c#5$o( +e e(!"*c!*"# c"$(!#&$n#<,+e'en+$en+o +e &o( #!e"$#&e( +$&*$+o(.

Lo( !"#!#$en!o( !%"$co( 6#n #+)*$"$+o "#n $'o"!#nc$# en &# $n+*(!"$# en ene"#&, 2#)*e con &#( con(!#n!e( $nno/#c$one( (e /#n "e)*$"$en+o e!#&e( con #2o"e("e($(!enc$#( !#n!o #& +e(#(!e coo # &# !en($n. Lo( '"$nc$'#&e( !"#!#$en!o( !%"$co((on:

Temple: S* $n#&$+#+ e( #*en!#" &# +*"e4# 2 &# "e($(!enc$# +e& #ce"o. P#"# e&&o, (ec#&$en!# e& #ce"o # *n# !e'e"#!*"# &$e"#en!e 3( e&e/#+# )*e &# c"1!$c# (*'e"$o" Acen!"e >??->@? C< 2 (e en"1# &*eo 3( o eno( "3'$+#en!e (e7n c#"#c!e"1(!$c#(+e &# '$e4#< en *n e+$o coo #*#, #ce$!e, e!c%!e"#.

Revenido: S&o (e #'&$c# # #ce"o( '"e/$#en!e !e'&#+o(, '#"# +$($n*$" &$e"#en!e&o( eec!o( +e& !e'&e, con(e"/#n+o '#"!e +e &# +*"e4# 2 #*en!#" &# !en#c$+#+. E&

"e/en$+o con($*e +$($n*$" &# +*"e4# 2 "e($(!enc$# +e &o( #ce"o( !e'&#+o(, (ee&$$n#n &#( !en($one( c"e#+#( en e& !e'&e 2 (e e0o"# &# !en#c$+#+, +e0#n+o #& #ce"ocon &# +*"e4# o "e($(!enc$# +e(e#+#. Se +$(!$n*e 53($c#en!e +e& !e'&e en c*#n!o #!e'e"#!*"# 3$# 2 /e&oc$+#+ +e en"$#$en!o.Recocido: Con($(!e 53($c#en!e en *n c#&en!#$en!o 6#(!# &# !e'e"#!*"# +e#*(!en$4#c$n ??->@ C< (e*$+o +e *n en"$#$en!o &en!o. Con e(!e !"#!#$en!o (e&o"# #*en!#" &# e&#(!$c$+#+, $en!"#( )*e +$($n*2e &# +*"e4#. T#5$%n #c$&$!# e&ec#n$4#+o +e &#( '$e4#( #& 6ooene$4#" &# e(!"*c!*"#, #$n#" e& "#no 2 #5&#n+#" e&#!e"$#&, e&$$n#n+o &# #c"$!*+ )*e '"o+*ce e& !"#5#0o en "1o 2 &#( !en($one( $n!e"n#(.Normalizado: T$ene 'o" o50e!$/o +e0#" *n #!e"$#& en e(!#+o no"#&, e( +ec$",#*(enc$# +e !en($one( $n!e"n#( 2 con *n# +$(!"$5*c$n *n$o"e +e& c#"5ono. Se (*e&ee'&e#" coo !"#!#$en!o '"e/$o #& !e'&e 2 #& "e/en$+o.



ENSAYOS DE TRATAMIENTOS TÉRMICOS

Clasificación de los aceros atendiendo a su % encarbono:- Ace"o( e!"# (*#/e(: e& con!en$+o +e& c#"5ono /#"1# en!"e e& ?, 2 ?,- Ace"o( (*#/e(: e& con!en$+o +e& c#"5ono e(!3 en!"e ?, 2 ?,;- Ace"o( (e$(*#/e(: e& c#"5ono e(!3 en!"e ?,; 2 ?,



- Ace"o( (e$+*"o( : e& c#"5ono e(!3 en!"e e& ?, 2 ?,@- Ace"o( +*"o( : e& c#"5ono e(!3 en!"e e& ?,@ 2 ?,H- Ace"o( e!"# +*"o( : e& c#"5ono e(!# en!"e e& ?,H 2 ?,

Micro constituyente

E& 6$e""o '*"o e(!3 '"e(en!e en !"e( e(!#+o( #&o!"'$co( # e+$+# )*e (e $nc"een!# &#!e'e"#!*"# +e(+e &# !e'e"#!*"# #5$en!e:

J#(!# &o( > C !e'e"#!*"# c"1!$c# AC;<, e& 6$e""o o"+$n#"$o, c"$(!#&$4# en e& ($(!e#c75$co +e c*e"'o cen!"#+o 2 "ec$5e &# +eno$n#c$n +e 6$e""o 8 o e""$!#. E( *n#!e"$#& +7c!$& 2 #&e#5&e "e('on(#5&e +e &# 5*en# o"0#5$&$+#+ +e &# #&e#c$one( con5#0o con!en$+o en c#"5ono 2 e( e""o #n%!$co 6#(!# &o( ? C !e'e"#!*"# +eC*"$e # &# )*e '$e"+e +$c6# c*#&$+#+K (e (*e&e &&##" !#5$%n AC<. L# e""$!# '*e+e+$(o&/e" 'e)*e=#( c#n!$+#+e( +e c#"5ono.En!"e > 2 ?? C c"$(!#&$4# en e& ($(!e# c75$co +e c#"#( cen!"#+#( 2 "ec$5e &#+eno$n#c$n +e 6$e""o o #*(!en$!#. D#+# (* #2o" co'#c$+#+ &# #*(!en$!# (e

+eo"# con #2o" #c$&$+#+ 2 e( '#"##n%!$c#.En!"e ?? 2 @; C c"$(!#&$4# +e n*e/o en e& ($(!e# c75$co +e c*e"'o cen!"#+o 2"ec$5e &# +eno$n#c$n +e 6$e""o 9 )*e e( en e(enc$# e& $(o 6$e""o #&# 'e"o con'#"3e!"o +e "e+ #2o" 'o" eec!o +e &# !e'e"#!*"#. A #2o" !e'e"#!*"# e& 6$e""o (e enc*en!"# en e(!#+o &1)*$+o.

S$ (e #=#+e c#"5ono #& 6$e""o #*en!# (* "#+o +e #c$ce4 2 (*( 3!oo( 'o+"1#n($!*#"(e ($'&een!e en &o( $n(!e"(!$c$o( +e &# "e+ c"$(!#&$n# +e %(!e 7&!$oK ($ne5#"o en &o( #ce"o( #'#"ece co5$n#+o o"#n+o c#"5*"o +e 6$e""o Fe;C<, e(+ec$", *n co'*e(!o )*1$co +e$n$+o 2 )*e "ec$5e &# +eno$n#c$n +e ceen!$!# +eo+o )*e &o( #ce"o( #&e#+o( #& c#"5ono e(!3n con(!$!*$+o( "e#&en!e 'o" e""$!# 2ceen!$!#.

Transformación de la austenitaE& +$#"## +e #(e( Fe-C *e(!"# +o( co'o($c$one( ($n*&#"e(:

Un eutéctico co'o($c$n '#"# &# c*#& e& '*n!o +e *($n e( 1n$o< )*e (e+eno$n# &e+e5*"$!# 2 con!$ene *n ,; +e c#"5ono H,@ +e ceen!$!#<. L#&e+e5*"$!# #'#"ece en!"e &o( con(!$!*2en!e( +e &# #&e#c$n c*#n+o e& con!en$+o enc#"5ono (*'e"# e& "e$n +e& +$#"## no o(!"#+#< 2 e( &# "e('on(#5&e +e &##&# o"0#5$&$+#+ +e &# #&e#c$n #"c#n+o &# "on!e"# en!"e &o( #ce"o( con eno( +e& +e C o"0#5&e(< 2 &#( *n+$c$one( con 'o"cen!#0e( +e c#"5ono (*'e"$o"e( noo"0#5&e( 2 #5"$c#+#( 'o" o&+eo<. De e(!e o+o (e o5(e"/# )*e 'o" enc$# +e &#!e'e"#!*"# c"1!$c# A; &o( #ce"o( e(!3n con(!$!*$+o( (&o 'o" #*(!en$!#, *n# (o&*c$n

(&$+# +e c#"5ono en 6$e""o 2 (* $c"oe(!"*c!*"# en con+$c$one( +e en"$#$en!o&en!o +e'en+e"3 'o" !#n!o +e &#( !"#n(o"#c$one( )*e (*"# %(!#.Un eutectoide en &# 4on# +e &o( #ce"o(, e)*$/#&en!e #& e*!%c!$co 'e"o en e& e(!#+o(&$+o, +on+e &# !e'e"#!*"# +e !"#n(o"#c$n +e &# #*(!en$!# e( 1n$#. E&e*!ec!o$+e con!$ene *n ?,? C ;,@ +e ceen!$!#< 2 (e +eno$n# 'e"&$!#. E(!3con(!$!*$+o 'o" c#'#( #&!e"n#( +e e""$!# 2 ceen!$!#, ($en+o (*( '"o'$e+#+e(ec3n$c#( $n!e"e+$#( en!"e &#( +e &# e""$!# 2 &# ceen!$!#.

L# e$(!enc$# +e& e*!ec!o$+e 'e"$!e +$(!$n*$" +o( !$'o( +e #&e#c$one( +e #ce"o:

ceros !ipoeutectoides ?.? C<. A& en"$#"(e 'o" +e5#0o +e &# !e'e"#!*"# c"1!$c# A; co$en4# # '"ec$'$!#" &# e""$!# en!"e &o( "#no( +e #*(!en$!# 2 #& #&c#n4#" &#!e'e"#!*"# c"1!$c# A &# #*(!en$!# "e(!#n!e (e !"#n(o"# en 'e"&$!#. Se o5!$ene 'o"!#n!o # !e'e"#!*"# #5$en!e *n# e(!"*c!*"# +e c"$(!#&e( +e 'e"&$!# e5e5$+o( en *n#



#!"$4 +e e""$!#.

ceros !ipereutectoides ?.? C<. A& en"$#"(e 'o" +e5#0o +e &# !e'e"#!*"#c"1!$c# (e '"ec$'$!# e& c#"5*"o +e 6$e""o "e(*&!#n+o # !e'e"#!*"# #5$en!e c"$(!#&e( +e'e"&$!# e5e5$+o( en *n# #!"$4 +e ceen!$!#.

"tros micros constituyentes

L#( !e!*"#( 53($c#( +e(c"$!#( 'e"&1!$c#(< (on &#( o5!en$+#( en"$#n+o &en!#en!e#ce"o( #& c#"5ono, ($n e5#"o o+$$c#n+o &#( con+$c$one( +e en"$#$en!o 5#(e +e&o( !"#!#$en!o( !%"$co(< e( 'o($5&e o5!ene" e(!"*c!*"#( c"$(!#&$n#( +$e"en!e(:

#a martensita e( e& con(!$!*2en!e !1'$co +e &o( #ce"o( !e'&#+o( 2 (e o5!$ene +eo"# c#($ $n(!#n!3ne# #& en"$#" "3'$+#en!e &# #*(!en$!#. E( *n# (o&*c$n(o5"e(#!*"#+# +e c#"5ono en 6$e""o #&# con !en+enc$#, c*#n!o #2o" e( e& c#"5ono, #&# (*(!$!*c$n +e &# e(!"*c!*"# c75$c# cen!"#+# en e& c*e"'o 'o" !e!"#on#& cen!"#+# ene& c*e"'o. T"#( &# ceen!$!# 2 &o( c#"5*"o( +e o!"o( e!#&e(< e( e& con(!$!*2en!e 3(

+*"o +e &o( #ce"o(.e&oc$+#+e( $n!e"e+$#( +e en"$#$en!o +#n &*#" # &# 5#$n$!#, e(!"*c!*"# ($$&#" # &#'e"&$!# o"#+# 'o" #*0#( +e e""$!# 2 ceen!$!# 'e"o +e #2o" +*c!$&$+#+ 2 "e($(!enc$#)*e #)*%&&#.

T#5$%n (e '*e+e o5!ene" #*(!en$!# 'o" en"$#$en!o "3'$+o +e #&e#c$one( cone&een!o( #3eno( )*e #/o"ecen &# e(!#5$&$+#+ +e& 6$e""o < coo e& n1)*e& 2 e&#n#ne(o, !#& e( e& c#(o 'o" e0e'&o +e &o( #ce"o( $no$+#5&e( #*(!en1!$co(. An!#=o (e $+en!$$c#"on !#5$%n &# (o"5$!# 2 &# !"oo(!$!# )*e 6#n "e(*&!#+o (e" en"e#&$+#+ 'e"&$!#( +e *2 'e)*e=# +$(!#nc$# $n!e"&#$n#" 'o" &o )*e +$c6#(+eno$n#c$one( 6#n c#1+o en +e(*(o.



DIAGRAMA FE-C

$ropiedades mecnicas

L#( c#"#c!e"1(!$c#( ec3n$c#( +e *n #!e"$#& +e'en+en !#n!o +e (* co'o($c$n)*1$c# coo +e &# e(!"*c!*"# c"$(!#&$n# )*e !en#. Lo( !"#!#$en!o( !%"$co(o+$$c#n e(# e(!"*c!*"# c"$(!#&$n# ($n #&!e"#" &# co'o($c$n )*1$c#, +#n+o # &o(#!e"$#&e( *n#( c#"#c!e"1(!$c#( ec3n$c#( conc"e!#(, e+$#n!e *n '"oce(o +ec#&en!#$en!o( 2 en"$#$en!o( (*ce($/o( 6#(!# con(e*$" &# e(!"*c!*"# c"$(!#&$n#+e(e#+#.En!"e e(!#( c#"#c!e"1(!$c#( e(!3n:& Resistencia al des'aste: E( &# "e($(!enc$# )*e o"ece *n #!e"$#& # +e0#"(ee"o($on#" c*#n+o e(!3 en con!#c!o +e "$cc$n con o!"o #!e"$#& Tenacidad: E( &# c#'#c$+#+ )*e !$ene *n #!e"$#& +e #5(o"5e" ene"1# ($n '"o+*c$"$(*"#( "e($(!enc$# #& $'#c!o<.

& Ma(uinabilidad: E( &# #c$&$+#+ )*e 'o(ee *n #!e"$#& +e 'e"$!$" e& '"oce(o +eec#n$4#+o 'o" #""#n)*e +e /$"*!#.& )ureza: E( &# "e($(!enc$# )*e o"ece *n #!e"$#& '#"# +e0#"(e 'ene!"#". Se $+e en*n$+#+e( BRINELL JB<, *n$+#+e( ROCEL C JRC<, ICERS J<,e!c.D*"e4#$ce"( e+$#n!e e& !e(! +e& $(o no5"e.T#5$en '*e+e (e" +e$n$+o coo &#c#'#c$+#+ +e *n #!e"$#& +e no (e" "#2#+o.

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