Diet Assessment AF

8/3/2019 Diet Assessment AF

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Explain the role of the following organs in the digestive system

The mouth and salivary glandsThere are 3 main functions of the mouth, they are to breathe, eat and talk.

The function of the mouth and its associated structures is to form a receptaclefor food, to begin mechanical digestion through chewing (mastication), toswallow food, and to form words in speech. It can also assist the respiratorysystem in the passage of air.

http://www.innerbody.com/image_digeov/dige28-new.html

The Oesophagus

The Oesophagus is about 25 cms long and allows the food you swallow to getto your stomach.When you swallow, the muscles along the length of the oesophagus tightenand relax in a wave downwards and the food is moved into the stomach. Thisall happens in a few seconds.

The oesophagus has 2 sphincters. A sphincter is a narrowing caused bycontracted (tightened) muscles. These muscles remain contracted until thebody sends a message for the muscles to relax. When the muscles of thesphincter relax, this then allows things to pass.
http://www.innerbody.com/image_digeov/dige28-new.htmlhttp://www.innerbody.com/image_digeov/dige28-new.html


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One sphincter is at the top of the oesophagus. The other is where theoesophagus meets the stomach this is known as the gastro-oesophagealjunction.

The lower sphincter controls the movement of food into the stomach and

prevents stomach acid from going up into the oesophagus (gastro-oesophageal reflux).

The lining of the oesophagus is very different to that of the stomach andstomach acid will cause it to become inflamed and sore if reflux does occur.This soreness is the pain felt by those with heartburn.

http://www.eatatease.com/oesophagus.html

The StomachThe stomach is a sack made of muscle and, when it's empty, it has a volume

of only 50ml but this can expand to hold up to 1.5 litres or more after a meal.The walls of the stomach are made of three different layers of muscle thatallow it to churn food around and make sure it's mixed with the stomach'sacidic digestive juices. The presence of hydrochloric acid in the stomachprevents the action of salivary amylase and helps to kill bacteria that might bepresent. The stomach also produces the enzyme pepsin, which breaks downproteins (mostly found in meat, fish, eggs and dairy products).

http://www.bbc.co.uk/health/treatments/healthy_living/nutrition/healthy_digestive.shtml

The PancreasThe pancreas is a small flat organ (about 18-25 cm long) that is locatedbehind the stomach and sits close to the duodenum.

It is the source of powerful digestive enzymes required to chemically breakdown fats, carbohydrates and proteins. The pancreas also secretes anothersubstance to help neutralize stomach acid.

http://gesa.org.au/digestive-system/pancreas.cfm

The LiverThe liver is a very large organ weighing up to 3 kg in adult humans.

The liver produces bile, a substance that helps to break down fats. Bileproduced in the liver is transferred to the gallbladder where it is stored untilneeded for digestion.

Once food, medicines, liquids, etc that you consume are digested in the smallintestine and absorbed by the walls of the small intestine, these products ofdigestion (nutrients and other molecules) are then transferred to the liver for

further processing.
http://www.eatatease.com/oesophagus.htmlhttp://www.bbc.co.uk/health/treatments/healthy_living/nutrition/healthy_digestive.shtmlhttp://www.bbc.co.uk/health/treatments/healthy_living/nutrition/healthy_digestive.shtmlhttp://gesa.org.au/digestive-system/pancreas.cfmhttp://www.eatatease.com/oesophagus.htmlhttp://www.bbc.co.uk/health/treatments/healthy_living/nutrition/healthy_digestive.shtmlhttp://www.bbc.co.uk/health/treatments/healthy_living/nutrition/healthy_digestive.shtmlhttp://gesa.org.au/digestive-system/pancreas.cfm


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http://gesa.org.au/digestive-system/liver.cfm

The large IntestineThis is one of the most metabolically active organs in the body. It measures

about 1.5 metres and contains over 400 different species of bacteria thatbreak down and utilise the undigested residues of our food, mostly dietaryfibres. As the watery contents move along the large intestine, water isabsorbed and the final product - faeces - is formed, which is stored in therectum before excretion from the body.


The small IntestinePrebiotics are mainly indigestible carbohydrates called oligosaccharides. Onreaching the large intestine, they selectively stimulate the growth and/oractivity of beneficial microorganisms already in the colon, such as bifidbacteria and lactobacilli.

About 3ml of chyme is squirted into the small intestine at short intervals as thepyloric sphincter opens. This is known as the intestinal phase and causes thesecretion of many hormones, which all aid the digestive process. Thesphincter is designed to open partially so that large particles are kept in thestomach for further mixing and breaking down.

Digestion and absorption of fats, protein and carbohydrates occurs in thesmall intestine. Three important organs are involved:

1. The gall bladder provides bile salts that help to make fats easier to absorb.

2. The pancreas provides bicarbonate to neutralise the acidic chyme from thestomach, and also produces further digestive enzymes.

3. The intestinal wall contains cells that make up the wall of the smallintestine. These cells help to neutralise the acid and also produce enzymes to

digest food.


The ColonAt the end of the small intestine, the material then enters the large intestine, orcolon, which is also a long tube. Its main job is to remove water from thewaste products as they pass through and recycle this water back to yourbody.

After traveling through this area, the waste is held at the end of the colon inthe rectum. It will then leave your body through the anus as stool when you
http://gesa.org.au/digestive-system/liver.cfmhttp://www.bbc.co.uk/health/treatments/healthy_living/nutrition/healthy_digestive.shtmlhttp://www.bbc.co.uk/health/treatments/healthy_living/nutrition/healthy_digestive.shtmlhttp://www.bbc.co.uk/health/treatments/healthy_living/nutrition/healthy_digestive.shtmlhttp://www.bbc.co.uk/health/treatments/healthy_living/nutrition/healthy_digestive.shtmlhttp://gesa.org.au/digestive-system/liver.cfmhttp://www.bbc.co.uk/health/treatments/healthy_living/nutrition/healthy_digestive.shtmlhttp://www.bbc.co.uk/health/treatments/healthy_living/nutrition/healthy_digestive.shtmlhttp://www.bbc.co.uk/health/treatments/healthy_living/nutrition/healthy_digestive.shtmlhttp://www.bbc.co.uk/health/treatments/healthy_living/nutrition/healthy_digestive.shtml


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have a bowel movement. The firmness of the stool will depend on how long ithas been in your colon. If the stool moves through quickly, it will be morewatery. But if it moves through too slowly, you can become constipated. Thisis because the longer stool stays in the colon, the more water is removed fromit.

http://digestive-system.emedtv.com/colon/colon.html

The rectumThe nervous system triggers the urge to pass stools. Many people feel thisurge upon waking in the mornings. Others may feel it soon after eating a meal(e.g., just after eating breakfast or lunch) - it may be the digestive system'sway of removing stored wastes before starting the process of digestion allover again.

http://gesa.org.au/digestive-system/anus.cfm

The BladderUrine, made in your kidneys, is transported to your bladder via two narrowtubes known as ureters. As your bladder fills up with urine it stretches. Anadult bladder can usually hold about a pint of fluid comfortably. It can holdmore, but as it gets fuller it can be painful.

http://www.bbc.co.uk/science/humanbody/body/factfiles/bladder/bladder.shtml

The Gaul bladder

The Gaul bladder is a small organ that aids mainly in fat digestion andconcentrates bile produced by the liver. In humans the loss of the gallbladderis usually easily tolerated.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallbladder

Explain the role of the following food sources

Food Source Role Examples of Food type

Carbohydrates Carbohydrates are basically

sugar and starch. They breakdown into glucose molecules inthe body in digestion. When usedas energy (glucose),carbohydrates become fuel foryour muscles and brain. If yourbody does not have any use for

the glucose, it is converted intoglycogen and stored it in the liver

bananasbarleybeansbrown ricechickpeaslentilsnutsoatsparsnips

potatoesroot vegetables
http://digestive-system.emedtv.com/colon/colon.htmlhttp://gesa.org.au/digestive-system/anus.cfmhttp://www.bbc.co.uk/science/humanbody/body/factfiles/bladder/bladder.shtmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallbladderhttp://digestive-system.emedtv.com/colon/colon.htmlhttp://gesa.org.au/digestive-system/anus.cfmhttp://www.bbc.co.uk/science/humanbody/body/factfiles/bladder/bladder.shtmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallbladder


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and muscles as an energyreserve. Your body can storeabout a half a day's supply ofglycogen. If your body has moreglucose than it can use as

energy, or convert to glycogenfor storage, the excess isconverted to fat.

sweet cornwholegrain cerealswholemeal breadswholemeal cerealswholemeal flour

wholemeal pastayams

FatsFat acts as a layer of fat in thebody, it is vital to have it becausefat is a layer under our skin thatkeeps us warm, not only does itkeep us arm but it also can beused as energy

cooking oils, oily saladdressings ormayonnaise, cream,chocolate, crisps,biscuits, pastries, cake,puddings, ice- cream,rich sauces and fatty

gravies, sweets andsugar.

Proteins Proteins are very importantmolecules in our cells. They are

involved in virtually all cellfunctions. Each protein within thebody has a specific role. Someproteins are involved in structuralsupport, while others areinvolved in bodily movement, orin defense against germs.

Meat, poultry, fish,shellfish and eggs

Evaluate your own diet


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Carbohydrates - 20%

Fats - 40%

Proteins - 40%

How healthy is your diet?

I think that I should eat less fatty foods and eat more carbohydrate foods.Carry on eating these foods in way that it is balanced out, I tend to eat a lot ofmeat, fish and eggs for protein. For fat foods I tend to eat a lot of differentrange of fat foods.

Does your sport demand any specific diet requirements, if so whatphysiological changes does this cause?

Carbohydrates and proteins are the main food sources that footballers need;they mainly eat vegetables, pasta, bread, meat and fish. They need to eatless dairy product foods and sugary foods, to keep a healthy balanced diet.More carbohydrates then protein foods and try to keep out fatty foods.

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Diet Assessment AF