IEU TOC IENPhan mo ta hoat ong cua ieu tocienI !I"#I T$IE%U
TO&N! 'U(Nieu toc ien la mot he thong rat quan trongtrongmot
nhamayien, noconhiemvu ieukhientoc o quay (tanso: la mot
trongnh!ngtho"ngsoquantrongeanhgiachat l#ngienna$ng% va co"ng suat
cu&a may 'hat, e co the tao ra#c mot tan so on (nh va co the
thay oi #cmot cach nh(' nhan theo tan so he thong l#i ien)oi v#i
nha may cu&a chung ta he thong ieuch*nh tan so va co"ng suat #c
thc hien mot cacht ong nh# vao +o ieu toc ien ,-./012) 3goai raieu
toc ien con co the ieu khien may 'hat chay#& che o +u (45% khi
can thiet) 6e thong ieu khien t ong cu&a +o ieu tocienlamot
machieukhienvongk7nv#i cact7nhieu au vao lay t may 'hat toc, 89,
8:, cac giatr( a;t, mach vong hoi tie' la cac t7n hieu 'ha&n
hoit 8en?in, he thong tie' iem hanh tr@nh 8AB
=o?&lyt7nhieutrungta"mlamot h#'+o(5hoi 6:5hoi
ieukhientrungta"mcu&aieutoc% magia&ithuat #c h@nh thanh Ca
tre"n cac 'h#ng tr@nh toanhoc, cacham'hc, cachamtruyenD(A%)
87nhieuau ra la mot t7n hieu Cong : a en +o +ien oiien / thuy&
lc tai tu& ieu toc c# va tho"ng qua +okhuechai
thuy&lceieukhienAervomotorongm#& canh h#ng) 4o the mo"
ta& s# +o s# o khoi nhsau: 87n hieu au vao Eay 'hat toc5hoi
?& ly t7n hieu trung ta"mieu toc ien4# cau cha' hanhieu toc
c#oi t#ng ieu khien Aervomotor87n hieu 'ha&n hoi 8en?in:
Gha&nhoi theov(tr7 canhh#ng( can ay Aervomotor%)H Gha&n hoi
theo I o m#& canh h#ng (4ac tie' iem8A%)3goai ra ieu toc con
Cung trong qua tr@nh kh#&iong to may ( gi#ihan canh h#ng, can
cha;n ta&itheo o m#& kh#&i ong, o m#& kho"ng
ta&i%, qua tr@nhCng +@nh th#ng va Cng s co)II +O ,IEU -./
T$U(T1.My pht tc :-Cng sut nh mc : 250V.A.-in p nh mc : 110V-Kch t
s! "#ng n$m ch%m &'nh c!u( s) *+,ng c-c t : .0 c-c.- /0 pht t)c
+,c g1n 2ng t3#c &4i m0 pht th50 *-c. /0pht t)c cung cp tn hiu
ch6 78 i9u t)c in &: 6 *+;ng t)c 8.2. B iu tc in loi : P 2 0
11/in p ngun :$< =0 t *+4i in >6$0 chi9u: ?@n s):AB 50CD0EF.
in p: VB220V G$6 8ng in p ch6 phHp : IB-15J K 5 Cng sut s! "#ng: :
VA 1007< =0 t*+4i in m8t chi9u : in p : VB125 h6Lc 220. G$6 8ng
in p ch6 phHp :IB-15J K 5 Cng sut s! "#ng : M 1002/ Tn hiu :c< ?
m0 7iNn thN 6 *+;ng Ohi m0 pht +,c Och thch in p : VB 100 h6Lc
120V. Cng sut s! "#ng : VA 100"< ? m0 7iNn thN 6 *+;ng Ohi m0
pht Ohng +,c Och thch. in p : V 0(.V.!/Ph" #i ch$nh %nh : ?hiNt 7
Lt t@n s): 10I. 8 ")ct'nh JG( :0 P 10I. 8 ")c tQm th;i Jt:0P 100I.
ERng s) th;i gi$n Su%n 7Rng ?": 0 P 20s. ERng s) th;i gi$n gi$ t)c
?n : 0 P 1(5s. ERng s) th;i gi$n 78 tch ph%n cng sut : 0 P 50s.Cc
gi t3 Lt Ohng Ti: ERng s) th;i gi$n 78 tch ph%n t@n s) ?0 : 0(02s.
ERng s) th;i gi$n c5$ sUc&6m6t6 chnh ?s :0(2s. E s) s6 *ch( :
0(1. VVng chNt WthU6 t@n s) < ?>(I :0(01.&/ cc th'nh ph(n
c)* + iu tc X P 21 P 1.a.Khoi A.Kakhoi +ienoi
nguonL4MN4gomcac+ienthe, cuonkhang va cac tamta&n nhiet cho
cacthanh 'han linh kien co"ng suat)b. KhoiB.Ka khoi cung ca' nguon
ch7nh (O20P,H20P,O0QP% cho+o ieu toc lam viec nh khoi =R, =Q, =S,
=T #c layt he thong ien t Cung U00VP(nguon ch7nh% va hethongienmot
chieu(nguonC 'hong% cungv#icac relay chc na$ng ( a;c +iet la relay
62R5S kiem tranguon mot chieu cu&a ieu toc%) c.Khoi
G.DomcacmachCunghieuch*nht ongtheocot n#c va cac mach o l#ng:- o
l#ng toc o 8ur+ine may 'hat)- 6ieu ch*nh o m#& canh h#ng WD
(kh#&i ong, kho"ng ta&i%)- 6ieu ch*nh o m#& can cha;n
ta&i DKE theo cot n#c)d. Khoi H.a"y la khoi ?& ly t7n hieu
trung ta"m Cung eieu khien t ong tur+ine may 'hat theo tan so
vaco"ng suat) 87n hieu au ra #c en he thong ieutocc#)e. Khoi K.=ao
gom cac +ien the cach ly va cac khoa ieu khien:- A4K : khoa ieu
khien tan so vaco"ngsuat +aXng tay)- DKE: khoa ieu khieno m#&
can cha;n ta&i +aXng tay)f. Khoi L.4ha cac relay chc na$ng co
nguon nuo"i O0QP va O00VP: Nung e lie"n lac t7n hieu v#i khoi?&
ly t7n hieu trung ta"m (khoi 6%)g. Khoi .4ha cac relay chc na$ng
O00VP: Cung e truyen at t7n hieu ieu khien t 'han t ong to may sang
ieu toc ien ) III N!U.E%N ,.# $O(1T ON!+" O -$OI 2O IEU TOC1. !h"ng
#ha$# ieu toc. 4hung ta co 0 'h#ng 'ha' ieu toc la : -
ieutoctheoco"ngsuat:GE(Catre"na;t tuyen(G,F% : Gh#ng'ha'nay
th#ngCung cho cac may 'hat co co"ng suat
l#n,coa&nhh#&ngl#nenl#i ienvema;tco"ngsuat) 5hi o, may'hat
nayse!cungca'chol#i motl#ngco"ngsuatvau&,kho"ng nhat thiet la
chay #& co"ng suat (nhmc, nghYa la khi tan so l#i +( gia&m
tha'khi thieu co"ng suat, khi o may 'hat nay se!t ong na$ng co"ng
suat le"n ea tan sol#i tr#& ve chuan SV6Z)-
ieutoctheotanso(Catre"na;ttuyen [,F' so sanh tan so % : Gh#ng 'ha'
nayth#ng Cung cho cac may 'hat co co"ngsuat nho& kho"ng
a&nh h#&ng nhieu en l#iien) 5hi o, may'hat nayse!hoat ongnh
mot nguon 'hat tre"n l#i ma kho"ngquan ta"m en van e co"ng suat
tre"n l#i)Pa tan so cu&a may 'hat nay se! a' ngtheo tan so l#i
trong mot Ca!y tan nhat (nh, va khi tan so l#i naXm ngoai Ca!y tan
nayth@ no co khuynh h#ng keo tan so l#i veve v( tr7 chuan (SV6Z%)
Gh#ng 'ha' nay #cs& Cung tai nha may cu&a chung ta)%.&
o khoi '(e) hnh % : & o to*ng +uan ieu toc ien,4ac ky hieu
trong s# o:- > : o lech tan so)- \ : o lech v( tr7 servomotor- ]
: o lech co"ng suat h!u co"ng)- >o : o lech t7n hieu ieu khien
tan so ( tr( so a;t tan so%)- \o : o lech t7n hieu ieu khien co"ng
suat (tr( so a;t co"ng suat%)- \2: o lech t7n hieu au ra cu&a
khoi t7ch 'ha"n tan so)- 8n: 6aXng so th#i gian gia toc t ke"nh tan
so)- 8C, Jt : o Coc tam th#i ( Gha&n hoi mem%)-JG : o Coc tYnh
(Gha&n hoi cng%)- 8 : 8ur+ine thuy& lc)- 8: : =ien Cong o
l#ng)- 89 : =ien a' o l#ng)- 4E: Aervomotor ch7nh)- 8 va theoco"ng
suat ] #c ?ac (nh tho"ng qua +o +ien oitanso(+oarC6^, 6T%
vac#cau+ienoi co"ngsuat (:GE% #c lay ra t 89, 8: (khoi 6T% hoa;c
tmay 'hat toc (khoi 6^%)4act7nhieu'ha&nhoi
theohanhtr@nhcu&aAervomotor \ va theo v( tr7 cu&a can ay (
can ieukhien% cu&a+o+ienoi ienthu&ylc8ensin (+ienthe quay%,
he thong cac tie' iem 8A)4ac t7n hieu ieu khien >o va ]o la cac
gia tr(nhan #c t cac +o t7ch 'ha"n tan so va t7ch 'ha"nco"ng suat
(t khoa A4K% a"y la cac +o t7ch 'ha"n conh#va#cCuytr@ choenkhi
naocolenhieukhien tie' theo t A4K hoat cac lenh t#ng #ng
khac)3hvayv#i +at kymott7nhieuauvaonao (>,>o,],]o% ieu cho ra
mot t7n hieu Cong_uCF iau ra sau o i qua kha"u khuech aicuoi
cung(5hoi 6`%) Pa #c a en ieu toc c# (cuon Ca"y,-G% tao ra s Cuy
chuyen cu&a can ieu khien Caanens thayoi
om#&cu&acanhh#ng, tuyvao gia tr( cu&a : la a"mhay C#ng
ma canhh#ng se! #c ong lai +#t hay m#& the"m ra)4ac t7n hieu
'ha&n hoi y, y0 se! #c hoi tie' vekhoi trungta"mchoenkhi iV)
khi oc#cau+o+ien oi ien thuy& lc se! tr#& ve v( tr7 ca"n
+aXng)4ac a;c t7nh ieu ch*nh #c h@nh thanhtho"ng qua viec a;t cac
tr( so 8n,8C,8',JG,Jt)4ache so nay co a&nh h#&ng rat l#n en
qua tr@nhieukhiencu&aieutocienmanose!#ctr@nh +ay cu the#&
cac 'han sau)I3 4O% T(5 C$I TIET( -hoi (Ka khoi nguon gom cac +ien
the, cuon khangva cac tam ta&n nhiet cho cac thanh 'han linh
kienco"ng suat)2 -hoi 267em chi tiet h8nh 9 : ;< o to=ng >uan
?hoi 2@3guon cung ca' cho +o ieu toc #c lay ra tnguon U00VvMSV6Z t
Cung la nguon ch7nh) Pa nguonC 'hong la nguon2chieu00VP#clayrat
hethong ien mot chieu va Lccu cu&a nha may) 3eu nh mat nguon
?oay chieu th@ se! kho"nga&nhh#&ngg@ ens lamviec
cu&aieutocien) 3hng neu mat nguon mot chieu th@may'hat se! a ve
kho"ng ta&iCo: Eat nguon N4 th@toan +o khoi relay mot chieu
00VP se! mat ien,trong o co relay 3^50 (la;' lai trang thai may
cabtau cc% se! tr#&ve, lamtacong relay62R52Va i tac ong 62R5c
Caan en ong canh h#ng)4ho en khico"ng suat +aXng V th@tac ong
relay62R5R lamcho 62R52V tr#& ve tho"i tac ong62R5c) 3guye"n
nha"n ch7nh cu&a tr#ng h#' nay laCotrongthiet
kekho"ngcomachnabnCongt00VPL4 ra 00VPN4)A# o khoi cu&a +oarC
nguon #c mo" ta& nhh@nh R sau:Hnh 2: & o to*ng +ua$t )a1ch
cung ca# nguoncho bo ieu toc iena. Khoi 32435.Pe nguye"n ly hoat
ong ca& 0 khoi hoantoan giong nhau la: Cung e on a' ngo! rava
+a&o ve ( qua a', qua Cong%) 3hng khacnhau ve nhiem vula a'
ngo! ra khoi=R la0SPN4cungca'nguonnuo"i chocacvi machieu khien) 4on
ngo! ra khoi =Q la 0QPN4 ca'nguon cho khoi relay chc na$ng
0QPN4)3guye"nlyhoatong(?emh@nhQ%: machgom mot :4 khuech ai thuat
toan lam chcna$ng kiem tra ien a' ngo! vao ( so sanh v#imot
iena'chuan% vamot solinhkienient&hoatr# nhaXmtaoramot
Congta&ican thiet #& ngo! ra:00VPN4220VAC50CD0EFYZ[ A\X
K2]VYZ[ A\X 12.5&12V]00EF^Cung c$p ch6 c$Vc Oh6i _U*$0 ch`Vc
n$ang W[(=uaB aBC va >uaB tai)5hi co hien t#ng qua ta&i
(over loaC% ?a&y ra th@se!taone"nmot s sut
a'l#ntre"nientr#&co"ng suat f2c lam cho 1]BEViV)^P khi o :1f
i1]R I VLoad BE=P#i f2chV)Qcohm ne"n khi P=jkP2QhV)^P th@ :
ARVIBEload2f . 1]f . 0D . 01f1]= = =3h vay khi Cong ta&i at en
gia tr( la 2)0cLth@ mach +a&o ve qua ta&i se! lam viec, khi
o P2QCaan lam cho P2^ Caan a;t vao mot ien the
dOd#&auvao9Hcu&avi machL2) khi
oauraL2chuyenthanhdHdma?aenngabt cacP82,P8Rong th#i P2Q cang
m#& h#n n!a v@ co ta$ng c#ngtP2^P22f2Rf20Cuytr@
kha&na$ng+a&ovecu&a mach cho en khi qua ta&i hoa;c
P82 +( anhthu&ng hoat cau ch@ #& au ngo! vao em cu the
chcna$ng cu&a khoi 3 trong +a&ng tom tabc)E -hoi ,a"y 'han
ket noigi!a khoi3 v#i+o ?&ly trung ta"m (khoi 6%) 3guon nuo"i
cho khoi nay languon 2 chieu 0QP ca' t khoi =) >em cu the
chcna$ng cu&a khoi K trong +a&ng tom tabc)L -hoi $ 6?hoi 7G
FIB tMn hieu t)ung tam@1. Khoi H7 : Khoi nhan :a; uan t)ong t)ong
?hoi $TKa. 5ha1u (i pha1n 6 ao ha'm .5hoa 7n0.87n hieu tww, se! i
qua kha"u tao gia toc, Co o tuy thuoc vao viec chon gia tr( 8n (tai
khoa 8n%:P#i 8nhV, th@ t7n hieu ch* i qua ien tr#& +@nh
th#ng)P#i 8noV, Cocothe"mtu ien4#causong song v#i ien tr#& ne"n
tai th#i i*{m au Co tuien 4 +( ngabn mach ien tr#&, Co o t7n
hieu se! #ca tha|ng vao +o tong 6RL0) Aau o tu #c na' ayva fc ta$ng
en vo" cung, khi o gia tr( a;t cu&a t7nhieu tr#& lai +@nh
th#ng) No vay, neu co s tham giacu&a8nth@
t7nhieuauvaose!#c+ocong6RL0ca&m nhan va ?& ly nhanh h#n
+@nh th#ng Co tao #cmot ?ung l#n trong th#i gian ngabn) Aau a"y la
+a&ng tr(so a;t cu&a 8n :8n V 2 0 R Q S ^8h#i gian quao
(s%V V)0 V)S V)c 2)V 2)R 2)S 3h vay neu nh tr( so a;t 8n cang l#n
th@th#i gian qua o cang l#n, nghYa la mc o ?& lyt7n hieu nhan
#c t ww, cang cham)3. &e 2o% phan ho)i me)m 6 5ha1u 8ua1n 39nh
.5hoa 7d0.87n hieu t au ra cu&a kha"u t7ch 'ha"n se! iqua vi
mach 6RLR la mach khuech ai a&o co heso kh2M0, tie' tuc i qua
tu 42h2V< en +o ientr#& nh h@nh ve! sau
:2K10vA1eK51K200K200K200Ken +o 'ha"n a' +t87n hieu t 6RLR$8nh JK :
+< o nguIen FIB mach tao he ;oChan hoi mem T]8ai th#i iem au ien
a' au ra cu&a LR ?em nha;t toan+ole"nngo!vaodOecu&aL2Cotu
42+(ngabnmach) Aauotu 42 #cna'Canvase!tie"utan Can tre"n mach t LR
/ 42 /8C / at) No o iena' tre"n 42 se! gia&m Can ve V cho en
khi au vao L2?em nh no at) 3h vay qua tr@nh +ien thie"n ien a'tre"n
L2 nh sau :$8nh JT : aPt tMn Chan hoi mem}~ng v#i cac gia tr( 8C
khac nhau, cac ien tr#&se! lan l#t #c noi at ng v#i mot gia tr(
tongtr#& khac nhau)8 h@nh ve! ta co the thay raXng neu fcang
l#n tc 8C cang l#n th@ Cong t tu qua tong tr#&cangnho&v@
vaytu se!na'cangla"u) Aaua"yla+a&ng tr( so a;t 8C theo th#i
gian:8C V 2 0 Q R S ^ c T ` 2V8h#i gianquao (s%V)S0 Q ^ T 2V 20 2Q
2^ 2T 0Vc) o Coc tam th#i (5hoa +t%)au ra cu&a kha"u 8C #c a en
kha"u +t, a"yla mot mach 'ha"n a' +aXng ien tr#&) ien a' lay
ra#c a en +o tong L0, neu +t cang l#n th@ ien a''ha&n hoi a;t
vao +o tong cang l#n) 3eu +thV, th@ coinh kha"u +t +( +y'ass)6@nh
sau a"y +ieu Ciean ien a' i vao +o tong6RL0 ng v#i cac tr( so +toV,
va 8Chconst)?"1?"2?".?"1m?"2m?".tkA1k&$p6 E.A27tB.0I$8nh JJ:
*ie=u aPt tMnh ien aBC >ua ?hau *t?hi T] U con;tC) o Coc
tYnhHGha&n hoi cng (5ha"u +'%)5hoa +' tre"n thc te a"y la mot
+o 'ha"n a'+aXng ien tr#&) 5hi to may mang ta&i kha"u nay
tao onghie"ng cho #ng a;t t7nh) 3eu nh co t7n hieu i m#&canh
h#ng, neu +' cang l#n th@ ng v#i mot gia tr(a;t
nhan(nhom#&canhh#ngcangnho&h#n)8uy vao gia tr( cu&a +'
ma ien a' a ra cu&a LR se!thay oi tr#c khi t7n hieu 'ha&n
hoi ve +o tong L0)$8nh J9: 4inh hoa tMn hieu ien aBC?hi >ua ?hau
*C c. /hi 0 ( Khi relay 220V.%0 ph@n ONt n)i *ian *Qc giw$ ?- 8ng
?T /0 &4i 78 i9u ?)cin. [gu2n nui ch6 Oh)i n:0 *: ngu2n 1 chi9u
220V cp t h th)ngin $ccu c5$ nh: m0. s$u %0 *: chc nxng c5$ cc
3U*$0 n:0.- [.K1 : ?c 8ng ch6 8ng cy c@n chLn tzi { h+4ng i m{.-
[.K2: ?c 8ng ch6 8ng cy c@n chLn tzi { h+4ng i |ng.- []K1: =Lp *Qi
*nh txng cng sut t s=C.- []K2: =Lp *Qi *nh gizm cng sut t mzng t-
8ng h6Lc t s=C.- [5K1: =Lp *Qi *nh Oh{i 8ng tT m0.- [5K2: =Lp *Qi
*nh "ng tT m0.- [DK2: =Lp *Qi t3Qng thi m0 c1t @u c-c.- [fK1: =Lp
*Qi chN 8 chQ0 7V CK.1. /hi 23l3 4 #' 5hi ,.- =fK1: ?c 8ng Ohi t)c
8 Qt 50I t)c 8 nh mc.- EhK1 : ?c 8ng c *}p tn hiu c5$ 78 i9u t)c
in. - =]K1: Ki~m t3$ ngu2n m8t chi9u 12(5V.- E1.KD: ?c 8ng *Lp *Qi
*nh txng cng sut X.- E1.Kf E1.Kg: =Lp *Qi *nh gizm cng sut X.- E5K1
: ?c 8ng ch6 phHp i9u chnh t@n
s).t?"Bc6nst7tB20I7pB07pB17pB27pB.AE.A- E5K5 : ?c 8ng ch6 phHp i9u
chnh cng sut.- E5K2 E1.K10: ?c 8ng |ng Oanh s$n 7Rng t@n s).-
E1.K12: ?c 8ng gizm cng sut &9 Ohng tzi.- E1.Kh : ?c 8ng chu0~n
t Oanh t@n s) s$ng Oanh cng sut.- E]K2 : Lt 8 m{ Oh{i 8ng.- E]K. :
Lt 8 m{ Ohng tzi &: c1t tzi.
