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IMPROVING STUDENTS’ SPEAKING COMPETENCE BY USING

GROUP DISCUSSION

(A Classroom Action Research in Class X-2 of SMA NEGERI 1 Badegan

Academic Year 2015/2016)

THESIS

DIWANGGA EKO LIANTO

K2212021

ENGLISH EDUCATION DEPARTMENT

TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION FACULTY

SEBELAS MARET UNIVERSITY

SURAKARTA

2016


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IMPROVING STUDENTS’ SPEAKING COMPETENCE BY USING

GROUP DISCUSSION

(A Classroom Action Research in Class X-2 of SMA NEGERI 1 Badegan

Academic Year 2015/2016)

DIWANGGA EKO LIANTO

K2212021

THESIS

Submitted to Teacher Training and Education Faculty of Sebelas Maret

University to Fulfill One of the Requirements for Getting the Undergraduate

Degree of Education in English

ENGLISH EDUCATION DEPARTMENT

TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION FACULTY

SEBELAS MARET UNIVERSITY

SURAKARTA

2016


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ABSTRACT

DIWANGGA EKO LIANTO. K2212021. IMPROVING STUDENTS’ SPEAKING

COMPETENCE BY USING GROUP DISCUSSION (A Classroom Action

Research in Class X-2 of SMA N 1 Badegan Academic Year 2015/2016). Thesis.

Surakarta. Teacher Training and Education Faculty. Sebelas Maret University.

2016

Abstract

The speaking competence of students in class X-2 was low. They could not

express the meaning in a transactional and interpersonal conversation. The

researcher proposed Group Discussion as the solution of this problem. This

classroom action research was conducted in class X-2 of SMA Negeri 1 Badegan

from December 2015 until March 2016. The data of research were collected by

using qualitative and quantitative techniques. The aims of this research were: (1)

to investigate the situations that can create effective teaching when implementing

group discussion in the class; (2) to identify to what extent Group Discussion can

improve students’ speaking competence. The result of this research showed that

(1) there were some situations that must be achieved in order to create an

effective teaching: (a) the topic should be interesting and suitable, (b) the task

should be purposeful, (c) the presentation and explanation should be held early,

(d) students should build a good relationship and teamwork, (e) a group should be

led by a leader; (2) Group Discussion could improve the speaking competence of

students in class X-2. Students were able to achieve higher scores in post-test

cycle 2 compared to the scores they got in pre-test. Thus, it proved that Group

Discussion can improve students’ speaking competence and can create an

effective teaching in class X-2 to teach speaking if some situations were achieved.

Key words: Speaking Competence, Group Discussion, Classroom Action

Research


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ABSTRAK

DIWANGGA EKO LIANTO. K2212021. MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN

BERBICARA SISWA DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN DISKUSI KELOMPOK

(Penelitian Tindakan Kelas di Kelas X-2 SMA N ! Badegan Tahun Ajaran

2015/2016). Skripsi. Surakarta. Fakultas Keguruan dan Pendidikan. Universitas

Sebelas Maret. 2016

Abstrak

Kemampuan berbicara siswa di kelas X-2 termasuk rendah. Mereka tidak

dapat mengungkapkan makna dalam percakapan transaksional dan interpersonal.

Peneliti mengajukan diskusi kelompok sebagai solusi dari masalah tersebut.

Penelitian tindakan kelas ini dilaksanakan di kelas X-2 SMA Negeri 1 Badegan

dimulai pada Desember 2015 sampai Maret 2016. Data penelitian dikumpulkan

dengan mengunakan teknik-teknik kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Tujuan dari

penelitian ini adalah: (1) untuk meneliti keadaan-keadaan yang dapat

menciptakan pembelajaran yang efektif ketika menerapkan diskusi kelompok di

kelas; (2) untuk mengidentifikasi sejauh mana diskusi kelompok dapat

meningkatkan kemampuan berbicara siswa. Hasil dari penelitian ini

menunjukkan bahwa (1) ada beberapa keadaan yang harus dicapai untuk

menciptakan pembelajaran yang efektif: (a) topic harus menarik dan sesuai, (b)

tugas harus memiliki suatu tujuan, (c) presentasi dan penjelasan harus

dilaksanakan saat awal, (d) siswa harus menjalin hubungan dan kerjasama yang

baik, (e) suatu kelompok harus dipimpin oleh seorang ketua; (2) diskusi kelompok

dapat meningkatkan kemampuan berbicara siswa di kelas X-2. Siswa mampu

mendapat nilai yang lebih tinggi di post-test siklus 2 dibandingkan dengan nilai

yang mereka dapatkan saat pre-test. Jadi, itu membuktikan bahwa diskusi

kelompok dapat meningkatkan kemampuan berbicara murid dan dapat

menciptakan pembelajaran yang efektif di kelas X-2 untuk mengajar speaking jika

beberapa keadaan dapat tercapai.

Kata Kunci: Kemampuan Berbicara, Group Discussion, Penelitian Tindakan Kelas


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MOTTO

”Sesungguhnya sesudah kesulitan itu ada kemudahan, maka apabila kamu telah

selesai dari satu urusan kerjakanlah dengan sungguh-sungguh urusan yang lain

dan hanya kepada Tuhan-mulah hendaknya kamu berharap”.

(QS. Al-Insyiroh, ayat 6-8)


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DEDICATION

This thesis is dedicated to the dearest:

My Family

My father Adi Sutanto, My mother Lilik Purwanti, and My brother Nugroho Dwi

Novianto who always cared, supported and prayed for me.

My Dearest Friends

Miatuz Zahro, Kukuh Fajar Trawoco, Olivia Ersa Mahardika, Nur Cahyo Prihadi

Nugroho who worked side by side together in finishing our thesis and always

gladly shared their knowledge and affection.

Again, Miatuz Zahro thank you for always supported me in finishing this thesis.

Special for all of my friends EED ’12, there is still a long journey ahead.


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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Alhamdulillah, thanks to Allah SWT for His infinite gift for me, for giving

the opportunity for this experience and finally able to finish this thesis. I hope that

the knowledge and experience that I acquired in Sebelas Maret University will be

useful for my future and I will be able to apply my knowledge for greater purpose

and able to help other people.

In order to finish this thesis, I have gone through a long process of

education and revisions. A great number of people have directly or indirectly

taken part and helped me in finishing this thesis. My greatest gratitude is

forwarded to these following individuals:

1. Prof. Dr. Joko Nurkamto, M.Pd., The Dean of Teacher Training and

Education Faculty of Sebelas Maret University.

2. Teguh Sarosa, S. S., M.Hum., The Head of English Department of Teacher

Training and Education Faculty, for the the permission and approval for the

realization of this research.

3. Drs. Gunarso Susilohadi, M.Ed. Tesol and Hefy Sulistyawati, S. S., M. Pd,

my first and second consultant who always gave their approval, suggestions,

opinions and countless guidance so that I able to finish this thesis.

4. Drs. H. Nurhadi Hanuri, MM, The Headmaster of SMA N 1 Badegan and the

English teacher of class X-2. Thank you for the approval and guidance so that

I could conduct the research and finished this thesis.

5. All of the students of X-2 of SMA N 1 Badegan, thank you for the precious

experience and the chance to conduct this research and finally able to finish

this thesis.

6. All of my friends and my family, thank you for your prayers and supports

I hope that this thesis can contribute to improve the language teaching

especially English teaching in Indonesia.

Surakarta, 20 September 2016

Diwangga Eko Lianto


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TABLE OF CONTENTS

COVER .......................................................................................................... i

PRONOUNCEMENT .................................................................................... ii

SUBMISSION ............................................................................................... iii

APPROVAL .................................................................................................. iv

LEGALIZATION ........................................................................................... v

ABSTRACT ................................................................................................... vi

MOTTO ......................................................................................................... viii

DEDICATION ............................................................................................... ix

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ............................................................................. x

TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................................... xi

LIST OF FIGURES ....................................................................................... xiv

LIST OF TABLES ......................................................................................... xv

LIST OF APPENDICES ................................................................................ xvi

CHAPTER I : INTRODUCTION

A. Background of Study ............................................................................... 1

B. Problem Statements ................................................................................ 5

C. Objectives of the Study ............................................................................ 5

D. Significance of the Study ........................................................................ 6

CHAPTER II : LITERATURE REVIEW

A. Speaking

1. The Nature of Speaking .................................................................... 7

2. Aspects of Speaking .......................................................................... 7

a. Pronunciation ............................................................................... 8

b. Vocabulary ................................................................................... 8

c. Grammar ...................................................................................... 8

d. Fluency ......................................................................................... 8

3. Problems in Speaking ....................................................................... 9

4. Characteristics of Spoken Discourse ................................................ 10


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5. Teaching Speaking ............................................................................ 11

6. Competence in Speaking .................................................................. 13

7. Effective Speaking ............................................................................ 14

8. Evaluating Speaking ......................................................................... 16

B. Group Discussion .................................................................................... 19

1. The Definition of Group Discussion ................................................. 19

2. The Benefits of Group Discussion .................................................... 19

3. Characteristics of Group Discussion ................................................. 21

4. The Problems when Applying Group Discussion ............................. 21

5. The Procedures of Group Discussion ............................................... 22

6. Rationale ........................................................................................... 24

C. Reviews of Related Research ................................................................. 25

CHAPTER III : RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

A. Context of the Study ............................................................................... 28

1. Setting of Place ................................................................................. 28

2. Setting of Time ................................................................................. 28

3. Subject of Research .......................................................................... 29

B. Research Approach ................................................................................. 29

1. Definition of Action Research .......................................................... 29

2. The Model of Action Research ......................................................... 31

3. Characteristics of Action Research ................................................... 33

4. Steps of Action Research .................................................................. 33

5. CAR Cycle ........................................................................................ 34

6. The Reason of Using Action Research ............................................. 35

C. Techniques of Collecting Data ............................................................... 35

1. Qualitative Data ................................................................................ 37

2. Quantitative Data .............................................................................. 38

D. Techniques of Analyzing Data ............................................................... 39

1. Qualitative Data ................................................................................ 39

2. Quantitative Data .............................................................................. 39

E. Scoring Rubrics ....................................................................................... 42


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1. Scoring Rubric for Speaking ............................................................. 42

CHAPTER IV : RESEARCH FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION

A. Research Findings ................................................................................... 46

1. Preliminary Data ............................................................................... 46

2. Cycle 1 .............................................................................................. 53

3. Cycle 2 .............................................................................................. 67

4. Comparison of Action Findings ........................................................ 78

B. Discussion ............................................................................................... 81

CHAPTER V : CONCLUSION, IMPLICATION, AND SUGGESTION

A. Conclusion .............................................................................................. 86

B. Implication .............................................................................................. 87

C. Suggestion ............................................................................................... 88

BIBLIOGRAPHY ......................................................................................... 90

APPENDICES .............................................................................................. 93


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LIST OF FIGURES

Figure Page

1. Figure 3.1 CAR Cycles ............................................................................ 35


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LIST OF TABLES

Table Page

1. Table 3.1Table of Research Schedule ...................................................... 28

2. Table 3.2 Frequency Distribution Table of Pre-questionnaire ................. 41

3. Table 3.3 Frequency Distribution Table of Post-questionnaire ............... 41

4. Table 3.4Scoring Rubric of Speaking Competence by Ur ....................... 42

5. Table 3.5Scoring Rubric of Speaking Competence by Hughes ............... 42

6. Table 3.6Scoring Rubric for Speaking Competence ................................ 44

7. Table 4.1Result of Pre-Test ...................................................................... 51

8. Table 4.2Classroom Situation and Students’ Speaking Competence

Before Action Research ........................................................................... 51

9. Table 4.3The Schedule of Implementation of Cycle 1 ............................. 55

10. Table 4.4The Strengths and Weaknesses of Cycle 1 ............................... 64

11. Table 4.5The Comparison of Students’ Speaking Competence

in Post-Test of Cycle 1 .............................................................................. 66

12. Table 4.6Improvements in Classroom Situation after Cycle 1 ................. 66

13. Table 4.7The Schedule of Implementation of Cycle 2 ............................. 69

14. Table 4.8The Comparison between Classroom Situations in

Post-test Cycle 1 and Post-test Cycle 2 ..................................................... 78

15. Table 4.9The Comparison of Students’ Mean Scores between

Pre-test, Post-test Cycle 1, and Post-test Cycle 2 ..................................... 79

16. Table 4.10The Comparison of Classroom Situations between

Pre-test, Post-Test Cycle 1, and Post-Test 2 ............................................. 80


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LIST OF APPENDICES

Appendix Page

1. Students List of X-2 ................................................................................. 93

2. Field Note of Pre-Research ...................................................................... 94

3. Pre-Research Questionnaire ...................................................................... 97

4. Sample of Pre- Research Questionnaire ……………………................... 100

5. Teacher’s Pre-Research Interview ........................................................... 103

6. Student’s Pre-Research Interview ............................................................ 106

7. Sample of Students’ Pre-Test .................................................................... 108

8. The Result Students’ of Pre-Test .............................................................. 109

9. Syllabus ..................................................................................................... 112

10. Lesson Plan of Cycle 1 ............................................................................ 116

11. Sample of Students’ Post-Test Cycle 1 .................................................... 130

12. The Result of Students’ Post-Test Cycle 1 ............................................... 131

13. Field Note of Cycle 1 ............................................................................... 134

14. Lesson Plan of Cycle 2 ............................................................................ 141

15. Sample of Students’ Post-Test Cycle 2 .................................................... 156

16. The Result of Students’ Post-Test Cycle 2 ............................................... 157

17. Field Note of Cycle 2 ............................................................................... 160

18. Sample of Students’ Handout .................................................................. 168

19. Post-Questionnaire ................................................................................... 172

20. Sample of Post-Questionnaire .................................................................. 175

21. Teacher’s Post-Research Interview Script ............................................... 178

22. Student’s Post-Research Interview Script ................................................ 180

23. The Recapitulation of Students’ Score .................................................... 182

24. Students’ Attendance List of X-2 ............................................................ 183

25. Documentation ......................................................................................... 184

26. Permission Letter ..................................................................................... 187

27. Tests Instruction ....................................................................................... 192

Documents

perpustakaan.uns.ac.id digilib.uns.ac.id IMPROVING ... filedapat meningkatkan kemampuan berbicara siswa di kelas X-2. Siswa mampu Siswa mampu mendapat nilai yang lebih tinggi di post-test