distribution system fault mangement

DISTRBUTION SYSTEM FAULT MANAGEMENT.

VISHVESHWARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY,BELGAUM.

DEPT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELCTRONICS

BMS COLLAGE OF ENGINEERING (EVENINIG)

BENGALURU .

TEAM

MEMBERSD.S.MANJUNATHVINAY KUMAR.MVISHNUVARDHANA .H.V.KIRAN KUMAR.G.

GUIDED BY: ASSOCIATE PROF, SRI S. PRAKASH.ELECTRICAL AND E,ECTRONICS DPT.

BMSCOLLAG OF ENGINEERING (EVEN).

AGENDAINTRODUCTION.CURRENTLY EXISTING SYSTEM. NEW FAULT MANAGEMENT

SYSTEM.ADVANTAGES, APPLICATIONS,

IMPROVEMENTS.

INTRODUCTION

DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM. Distribution system is that part of

the power system which distributes power from distribution substation to local use .

Generally the higher voltage for distribution is 11000v and the lower voltages are 400 v and 220v.

General layout of distribution system

7

33KV

Sub station

11KV

Distribution Transformer

11KV

Distribution Substation

0.4KV

TRANSFORMERSwitch(OPEN)

SUBSTATION BUS

SWITCH (CLOSED)

STATION CIRCUIT BREAKER

OPEN LOOP SYSTEM

HRC FUSE

Load

TYPICAL DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM

8

TYPES OF FAULTS IN DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM.LINE TO LINE FAULT .LINE TO GROUND FAULT .3 PHASE FAULTS.OVER CURRENT FAULTS .

LINE TO LINE FAULT.IT’S THE FAULT WHICH OCCURS

BETWEEN ANY OF THE 2 LINES .AT THIS FAULT THE VOLTAGE

ACROSS TWO LINES WILL BE ZERO, AND CURRENT IS MAXIMUM.

V=0,I=∞

LINE TO GROUND FAULTIT IS THE FAULT OCCURS

BETWEEN ANY LINE TO GROUND.AT THIS FAULT THE VOLTAGE

ACROSS LINE TO GROUND IS ZERO, AND CURRENT IS MAXIMUM.

V=0,I=∞

THREE PHASE FAULTSOVER CURRENT FAULTSIN OVERCURRENT FAULTS THE

CURRENT IS MAXIMUM ,THAT IS MORE THAN RATED VALUE.

EFFECT OF FAULTS.

CURRENTLY EXISTING SYSTEM

Over view of currently existing system.

Service station

Service vehicle

Consumer under dark

fault clearing system of current existing system.

Sub A

Feeder B010 from Sub BFeeder A007

from Sub A

OpenTie-Switch

Closed Switches

Distribution Transformers

Inferred Fault Location

Customer trouble calls

Sub A

Feeder B010 from Sub BFeeder A007

from Sub A

OpenTie-Switch

Closed Switches

Distribution Transformers

fault clearing system of current existing system.

Inferred Fault Location



Difficulties in currently existing system.Fault Identification takes too much time.At the time of raining it is too difficult find

and correct faults.With the human error fatal accidents are

common .L.V. distribution faults(after the secondary

of distribution transformer) are cannot be identified from existing relays, faults like conductor down, overloading, short circuiting of conductors etc. which unexpected and very difficult identify.

New fault management

system.

Objective of fault management system.To improve reliability and quality

of service of distribution system by

Reducing frequency and duration of power interruptions to targets consistent with best international practice

To operate efficiently and safely by

Minimizing power losses Applying manpower resources effectively

Method involved It will be consisting of control room with a

signal indicating system it may be a computer monitor or big screen

Which will be indicating the status of all section voltage and current with alarm for any abnormal conditions .

After I identifying the fault feeder all loads are removed from the network and network will be charged idly with full voltage and limiting current through a current limiter which may be a saturable reactor so it limits the fault currents.

Continued…….After charging the line idly , all sections

current and voltage status will be absorbed and faulty section is identified.

after identifying faulty section, it will be isolated from the healthy one from remotely .

After clearing the fault the section will be closed.

Fault cleared successfully.

on on


SUBSTATION BUS

SWITCH (CLOSED)


OPEN LOOP SYSTEM

HRC FUSE

Load

TYPICAL DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM WITH FAULT MANGEMENT SYSTEM

24

on off


SUBSTATION BUS

SWITCH (CLOSED)


OPEN LOOP SYSTEM

HRC FUSE

Load


25

Saturable reactor

on on


SUBSTATION BUS

SWITCH (CLOSED)


OPEN LOOP SYSTEM

HRC FUSE

Load


26

Saturable reactor

lV. Remote-controlled switch network

Normally-open point

Telecontrolled SwitchesSubstation CBs

33/11kV Substation

10km

10km

12.5km

10km

10km10km

10km

10km

10km10km

10km

10km

10km

10km

17.5km

10km

10km

20km

Feeder 1

Feeder 2Optical Fiber

Fault

Control room

Communications

Advantages Applications

Advantages The new fault management system has a

wide and verity range of applications and advantages .

The down time is got reduced.Less interruption system can be ensured to

the customer.Revenue loss is got reduced. With moves toward deregulation and open

competition, access to accurate and timely outage information is critical in order to maximize operational efficiency, minimize customer complaints, and maintain electric system reliability

Continued…..Implementing same system to

the L.V. distribution the transformer secondary side faults can be identified and cleared immediately which ensures the safety for men and machines.

Present Operations ( Average time to restore Power Supply 40 Minutes )

Circuit Breaker

R/S feederR/S feeder

Normally open point

RMU / DT

R/S feeder

Circuit Breaker

R/S feeder

Normally open point

Supply restored manually for part network typical time 15 – 20 mins

Circuit Breaker


Normally open point

RMU / DT

CB Trips on fault

Circuit Breaker


Normally open point now closed manually

Additional network restored manually, total time 40 mins

Faulty Section

Circuit Breaker


Remote operation to close switch

Additional network restored, total time 11-18 mins

Circuit Breaker


Normally open point

Automated RMU / DT with FPI

Circuit Breaker


Normally open point

FPI indicates passage of fault current

CB Trips

Circuit Breaker


Normally open point

Remote Operation of RMU Switch & Partial Restoration of supply – typically 1-2 mins

After Automation ( Average time to restore Power Supply to healthy section 1-2 Minutes)

Impact of new fault management System. Power Restored

to Customers on Healthy Sections

of FeederFault

Occurs

CustomerReportsOutage

Travel Time

FaultLocated

Investigation& Patrol Time

Time to PerformManual Switching Repair Time

FeederBack toNormal

5 – 10 minutes

15 – 20 minutes

10 - 15 minutes

45 – 75 minutes

15 – 30 minutes

1 - 4 Hours

Power Restoredto Customers on Healthy Sections

of FeederFault

Occurs


Travel Time

FaultLocated



FeederBack toNormal

5 – 10 minutes

15 – 20 minutes

10 - 15 minutes

45 – 75 minutes

15 – 30 minutes

1 - 4 Hours

FaultOccurs


Travel Time

FaultLocated



FeederBack toNormal

5 – 10 minutes

15 – 20 minutes

10 - 15 minutes

45 – 75 minutes

15 – 30 minutes

1 - 4 Hours

Without Automation

With Automation

minutes Hoursminutesminutes Hoursminutesminutes Hoursminutes1 – 2

minutes1 – 2

minutes1 – 2

minutes

FieldCrews

On- Scene

15 – 30

FeederBack toNormal


of Feeder

Travel Time Repair Time

1 - 4 5 - 10

PatrolTime


FaultOccurs

FieldCrews

On- Scene

15 – 30

FeederBack toNormal


of Feeder


1 - 4 5 - 10

PatrolTime


FaultOccurs

FieldCrews

On- Scene

15 – 30

FeederBack toNormal


of Feeder


1 - 4 5 - 10

PatrolTime


FaultOccurs

Applications.Fault Location, Isolation, and Service Restoration

◦ Can detect and locate fault, isolate the faulty section, restore power to “healthy” feeder segments

Load Shedding◦ Can shed one feeder section if necessary

Cold Load Pickup◦ Can pick up feeder load one section at a time

Feeder Reconfiguration◦ Can balance load between feeders and reduce losses

“Intelligent” Substation Bus Transfer◦ Can transfer load to another substation following

transformer failure

RTU

RTU

Primary Plant Interface

KEY ELEMENTS of DASData & Control

Pathway

Communications

MasterStation

Substation1

2

3

4Optical Fibre, Cable

Radio

Microwave

RTU

1

2 RTU

3

4Communications

Master Station

Line

Reporting

Analysis

5

5 Control Room, Corporate Usage

Control Room Operators

Outage Analysis

Operational analysis, decisions, issue controls

5

Thanks to all our teachers and

friends for being a part of our learning

life.

Documents

distribution system fault mangement