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8/9/2019 D.M. Sologon, 2010
1/411
LMXOCOIW DSOMKCGW CO L\XBQL
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81=1 Dlocwm Kmxcm Wbebibo
Mee xciftw xlwlxzld/ Ob qmxt bj tfcw q|hecgmtcbo kms hl xlqxbd|gld% wtbxld
co m xltxclzme wswtlk% bx txmowkcttld co mos jbxk% bx hs mos klmow%
lelgtxbocg% klgfmocgme% qfbtbgbqscoi% xlgbxdcoi bx btflxycwl% yctfb|t tfl
qxcbx qlxkcwwcbo co yxctcoi% jxbk tfl m|tfbx/
CWHO 396 31 6::: =44 8
Gbzlx qcgt|xl hs Dlocwm Kmxcm Wbebibo
Q|hecwfld hs Hbl`loqemo% Kmmwtxcgft
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LMXOCOIW DSOMKCGW CO L\XBQL
DCWWLXTMTCBO
QXBLJWGFXCJT
Tb bhtmco tfl dlixll bj Dbgtbx mt tfl Kmmwtxcgft \oczlxwcts%
bo tfl m|tfbxcts bj tfl Xlgtbx Kmiocjcg|w Qxbj/ Dx/ I/Q/K/J/ Kbew%
co mggbxdmogl yctf tfl dlgcwcbo bj tfl Hbmxd bj Dlmow%
tb hl dljlodld co q|hecg bo 4 N|ol 81=1% mt =1>11 fb|xw
hs
Dlocwm Kmxcm Wbebibo
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Qxbkbtlx> Qxbj/ Dx/ Gfxcw dl Ol|hb|xi
W|qlxzcwbxw> Dx/ Gmtfme BDbobif|l% Tlmimwg X|xme Lgbobks
Xlwlmxgf Glotxl0 O\C Imeyms0 C^M mod \EH
Dx/ Xmskbod Ymilolx% Cowqlgtcbo Ioxmel Dl Em
Wg|xct Wbgcmel &CIWW#% E|vlkhb|xi
Mwwlwwklot Gbkkcttll> Qxbj/ Dx/ Elv Hbxifmow &Gfmcxkmo#
Qxbj/ Dx/ Fmow Flcn`l
Dx/ Lxc` dl Xlit
Qxbj/ Dx/ Imxs Wbebo% Kcgfcimo Wtmtl \oczlxwcts&\WM#
Dx/ Qfcecqql Zmo @lxk% GLQW"COWTLMD
&E|vlkhb|xi#% Cowtct|tl jbx Wbgcme mod Lgbobkcg
Xlwlmxgf% \oczlxwcts bj Lwwlv &\@#% \oczlxwcts bj
Omk|x &Hleic|k#
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Co ebzcoi xlklkhxmogl bj ks kbtflx% Ecm
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cc
Klecwwm sb| ybo ks flmxt yctf sb|x dlecgcb|w emgtbwl+jxll hxbyoclw co tfl jcxwt
slmx- Tflxl mxl wb kmos klkbxclw C gflxcwf/// Tfmo` sb| jbx tfl klkbxmhel emdclw
ociftw% tfl ixlmt qmxtclw% hx|ogflw% mod dcolxw sb| fbwtld/// h|t jbx tflk% tflwl
slmxw yb|edot fmzl hllo mw k|gf j|o/ C tfmo` sb| mod Jeb jbx zcwctcoi ks jmkces
co Xbkmocm mod jbx tfl ocgl zmgmtcbow yl wqlot tbiltflx/
Hxcttm bol bj tfl ymxklwt mod wcoglxl flmxtw C fmzl lzlx klt- Tfmo` sb| jbx hlcoi
tflxl d|xcoi tb|if tcklw mod jbx tfl ybodlxj|e kbklotw yl fmzl wfmxld-
Nlwwcgm sb| mxl b|x W|qlxybkmo> tfxll mdbxmhel% wkmxt hmhclw mod m QfD/ C
tfmo` sb|% Melv mod Qmbem jbx zcwctcoi ks jmkces co Xbkmocm mod jbx tfl qxlgcb|w
klkbxclw/
Nconcoi tflxl mxl wb kmos klkbxclw tfmt hbod |w mod C gflxcwf tflk mee///Tfmo`
sb| jbx hlcoi tflxl hbtf d|xcoi tb|if mod ibbd tcklw% mod jbx zcwctcoi ks jmkces
co Xbkmocm/Jxcldm |oc}|l Jxcldm/// b|x Jxlogf tb|gf/ Eclil fmw wtbelo sb| jxbk Kmmwtxcgft%
h|t obt jxbk ks flmxt/
Klt`m C ycee meymsw xlklkhlx b|x gbws icxes kbzcl lzlocoiw/ Obt tb klotcbo tfl
ixlmt qmxtclw% hx|ogflw% dcoolxw mt sb|x fb|wl///ixlmt klkbxclw-
Tfl Klvcgmow Qmts mod Dmzcd bol bj ks xlixltw cw kcwwcoi sb|x ixlmt ylddcoi-
Tfmo` sb| jbx meymsw km`coi kl em|if mod jbx tfl ixlmt qmxtclw% hx|ogflw mod
gfmtw yl fmd-
Xbhlxt tfmo` sb| jbx sb|x fleq d|xcoi ks jcxwt slmx co Kmmwtxcgft///ct fleqld kl
km`l Kmmwtxcgft ks fbkl/ Ecom yl wfmxl ocgl klkbxclw jxbk tfl w|kklx
wgfbbe co Qmekm dl Kmeebxgm mod b|x zcwctw co E|vlkhb|xi/
Gmxebw% L~l% Cxcom% Cecxl% E|gcmom% Nmwkco% Olzlom% Wldm tfmo` sb| jbx tfl ocgl
qmxtclw% gfmtw% hx|ogflw% e|ogflw mod dcoolxw yl fmd tbiltflx/
Tflwl slmxw ylxl mewb m g|ecomxs dlecift/ C tfmo` Wbocem mod Jebxcmo jbx wfmxcoi
yctf |w tfl ixlmt Mehmocmo g|cwcol0 Kmfm mod Gfloi jbx tfl mkm~coi Mwcmo dcolxw0
Mom Kmxcm jbx tfl dlecgcb|w qc~~m kbklotw0 Gmxebw mod Gmxbecom jbx tfl lv}|cwctlGbe|khcmo dcwflw0 mod Nconcoi jbx bqlocoi tfl dbbxw tb tfl dczlxwl Gfcolwl g|cwcol/
C tfmo` Hmxt% @lltcl% @xcwtcol% mod Kcodle jbx fleqcoi kl yctf tfl D|tgf
txmowemtcbo/ Ct ymw obt mo lmws nbh mod C mk zlxs ixmtlj|e/
Tfmo` sb| tb ks btflx jxclodw mt tfl Wgfbbe% Hcmogm% Gfxcwtcmol% Ilxmodm% Fmb%
N|dctf% N|ecl% @lltcl% Kmxcom% Kcgfme% Kcxtfm% Qmwgme% mod Xlol jbx tflcx jxclodwfcq
mod tfl ocgl kbklotw yl wfmxld/
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ccc
Ks QfD qxbnlgt dlzlebqld yctfco m emxilx qxbnlgt Tfl Gbflxlogl bj Wbgcme
Txmowjlx Qbecgclw mod Kcgxbwck|emtcbo + XLDCW + coctcmtld hs tfl Cowqlgtcbo
Ioxmel dl em Wg|xct Wbgcmel &E|vlkhb|xi# co gbbqlxmtcbo yctf GLQW" COWTLMD
&E|vlkhb|xi# mod Gmtfme BDbobif|l &Tlmimwg X|xme Lgbobks Xlwlmxgf Glotxl0
O\C Imeyms0 C^M mod \EH#/ C yb|ed ec`l tb tfmo` mee tlmk klkhlxw bj tfl XLDCW
qxbnlgt Xmskbod Ymilolx% Cwmhleel Dlhb|xi% Tbk Dbkcoc}|l% Tfclxxs Km~bslx%
Jxdxcg Hlxilx% Qfcecqql Eclilbcw% Oc~mk|e Cwemk + yfb gxlmtld m qelmwmot mod
wtck|emtcoi ybx`coi lozcxboklot/
C tfmo` tfl Fmxzmxd @loolds Wgfbbe bj Ibzlxoklot% Fmxzmxd \oczlxwcts% jbx
mgglqtcoi kl mw m zcwctcoi xlwlmxgf jleeby/ Ct ymw mo mkm~coi lvqlxclogl yfcgf
loxcgfld hbtf ks qlxwbome mod ks qxbjlwwcbome dlzlebqklot/ C yb|ed ec`l tb
tfmo` Ilxmxdb jbx fcw |wlj|e gbkklotw mod fcw jxclodwfcq d|xcoi b|x xlwlmxgf
zcwct mt Fmxzmxd \oczlxwcts/
C tfmo` tfl Kmxcl G|xcl Jleebywfcq mod tfl Jbodw Omtcbome dl em Xlgflxgfl
&E|vlkhb|xi# yfb j|odld ks QfD xlwlmxgf jleeby ybx` gbotxmgt mt Kmmwtxcgft
\oczlxwcts% mod yctfb|t yfbk tfcw QfD yb|ed obt fmzl hllo qbwwchel/
C tfmo` Kcfmc Jbgwm% Mdxcmo Qbwtleocg| mod Qxbj/ T|t|cmo| Cbo% yfb g|etczmtld ks
qmwwcbo jbx Kmtflkmtcgw% yfcgf qxbzld tb hl bj cozme|mhel fleq jbx ks tflwcw/
C tfmo` Imhc mod Xbilx + ks E|vlkhb|xicwf jmkces jbx tflcx ebzl mod
lotf|wcmwtcg w|qqbxt/
Emwt h|t obt elmwt C tfmo` tfl xlwt bj ks jmkces mod ks bedlwt jxclodw jxbkXbkmocm Gbxcom% Gxcwtc% Elzc% Xbvmom% Wcezcm% Wcezc| mod Wtljmo yfb meymsw
hleclzld co kl/
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cz
Tmhel bj Gbotlotw
Qxljmgl cz
=/ Cotxbd|gtcbo =
=/=/ Bhnlgtczl mod xlelzmogl 7
=/8/ Wtx|gt|xl bj tfl wt|ds 9
8/ Cogxlmwld bqqbxt|octs tb kbzl |q tfl lgbobkcg emddlx2 Lmxocoiw kbhcects co tfl L\>
=334+811= =1
8/=/ Cotxbd|gtcbo ==
8/8/ Ectlxmt|xl xlzcly =8
8/7/ Kltfbdbebis =7
8/7/=/ Txmowctcbo kmtxcv mqqxbmgf tb kbhcects =48/7/8/ Metlxomtczl mqqxbmgf tb kbhcects &Dcg`low 8111m# = wtmxtcoi yctf tfl \W mod Gmomdm% jbeebyld hs tfl \@ mod L|xbql%
xlglot wt|dclw bo lmxocoiw dsomkcgw wtxlwwld tfl ckqbxtmogl bj dlgbkqbwcoi
tfl ixbytf co lmxocoiw col}|mects cotb qlxkmolot mod txmowctbxs gbkqbolotw%
d|l tb tflcx ckqecgmtcbow jbx eboi+x|o dcjjlxlotcmew/
Jbeebycoi tfl tlxkcobebis cotxbd|gld hs Jxcldkmo mod @|~oltw &=3
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tfl xbel bj emhb|x kmx`lt qbecgs mod cowtct|tcbome
jmgtbxw co lvqemcocoi gxbww+omtcbome dcjjlxloglw co tfl lzbe|tcbo bj qlxkmolot
col}|mects% txmowctbxs col}|mects mod lmxocoiw kbhcects/Tflwl }|lwtcbow mxl fcifes xlelzmot co tfl gbotlvt bj tfl gfmoilw tfmt tbb` qemgl co
tfl L\ emhb|x kmx`lt qbecgs jxmklybx` mjtlx =33< |odlx tfl cogcdlogl bj tfl =334
BLGD Nbhw Wtxmtlis mod tfl 8111 Ecwhbo Milodm% yfcgf xlgbkklodld qbecgclw tb
cogxlmwl ymil jelvchcects% ebylx obo+ymil emhb|x gbwtw mod meeby xlemtczl ymilw tb
hlttlx xljelgt codczcd|me dcjjlxloglw co qxbd|gtczcts mod ebgme emhb|x kmx`lt
gbodctcbow/ Hljbxl =33
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:
gxbww+wlgtcbome ymil col}|mects bhwlxzld co wbkl gb|otxclw xlw|et jxbk ixlmtlx
txmowctbxs je|gt|mtcbow co lmxocoiw mod codczcd|mew jmgcoi m fciflx dlixll bj
lmxocoiw kbhcects2 Bx cw tfcw xcwl xljelgtcoi cogxlmwcoi qlxkmolot dcjjlxloglw
hltyllo codczcd|mew yctf kbhcects xlkmcocoi gbowtmot bx lzlo jmeecoi2 Yfmt mhb|t
gb|otxclw tfmt xlgbxdld m dlgxlmwl co gxbww+wlgtcbome lmxocoiw col}|mectclw% yfmt
elwwbow gmo yl elmxo jxbk tflk2 Gmo cogxlmwld kbhcects hl m jmgtbx hlfcod
wfxco`coi lmxocoiw dcjjlxlotcmew2 Co wbkl gb|otxclw% lmxocoiw dcwtxch|tcbo kcift obt
gfmoil tb m emxil lvtlot bzlx m qlxcbd bj bol bx tyb slmxw% mod tfl gbxl }|lwtcbo cw
yfmt fmqqlow co dcjjlxlot qmxtw bj tfl dcwtxch|tcbo/ Mxl tfl wmkl qlbqel wt|g` mt
tfl hbttbk bj tfl lmxocoiw dcwtxch|tcbo bx mxl eby lmxocoiw emxiles txmowctbxs2 Fby
kbhcel mxl qlbqel co tfl lmxocoiw dcwtxch|tcbo bzlx dcjjlxlot tckl fbxc~bow2 Dcd
kbhcects qmttlxow gfmoil bzlx tckl2 Cw kbhcects l}|mec~coi bx dcwl}|mec~coi
ecjltckl lmxocoiw col}|mects gbkqmxld yctf moo|me col}|mects2 Mxl tflxl gbkkbo
txlodw co lmxocoiw col}|mects mod kbhcects mgxbww dcjjlxlot gb|otxclw2 Yfmt elwwbow
gmo yl elmxo jxbk tfl dcjjlxlot kbhcects mqqxbmgflw2 Yfmt mxl tfl qbwwchel emhb|x
kmx`lt qbecgs mod cowtct|tcbome jmgtbxw tfmt gmo lvqemco tflwl txlodw co qlxkmolot
mod txmowctbxs dcjjlxlotcmew% mod lmxocoiw kbhcects2
Tflwl }|lwtcbow fmzl m tybjbed ckqbxtmogl/ Bol tfl bol fmod% |odlxwtmodcoi tfl
gbotxch|tcbow bj tfl gfmoilw co qlxkmolot mod txmowctbxs gbkqbolotw bj lmxocoiw
zmxcmtcbo tb tfl gfmoilw co gxbww+wlgtcbome lmxocoiw col}|mects% mod tfl qbwwchel eco`
yctf lmxocoiw kbhcects cw zlxs |wlj|e co tfl lzme|mtcbo bj metlxomtczl fsqbtflwlw jbx
ymil wtx|gt|xl gfmoilw mod jbx dltlxkcocoi tfl qbtlotcme ylejmxl gbowl}|loglw bj
xcwcoi col}|mects &@mt~ mod M|tbx% =333#/
Bo tfl btflx fmod% |odlxwtmodcoi tfl dxczcoi jmgtbxw hlfcod tfl gfmoilw co
qlxkmolot mod txmowctbxs col}|mects mod lmxocoiw kbhcects cw zlxs |wlj|e jbx tfl
dlwcio bj qbecgclw mod emhb|x kmx`lt cowtct|tcbow/ \odlxwtmodcoi tfl jmgtbxw tfmt
lofmogl lmxocoiw kbhcects% xlqxlwlotw m wtlq jbxymxd tbymxdw dlwciocoi qbecgclw
mod cowtct|tcbow tfmt lomhel eby+ymil ybx`lxw tb lwgmql eby+ymil txmq mod
ckqxbzl tflcx qbwctcbo co tfl dcwtxch|tcbo bj ecjltckl lmxocoiw/
8od Bhnlgtczl> ^bbkcoi co + lmxocoiw dsomkcgw co E|vlkhb|xi
Mw m wlgbod bhnlgtczl% co tfl jcjtf wt|ds% C ~bbk co mod lvqebxl lmxocoiw dsomkcgw
co tfl L\ gb|otxs yfcgf |odlxylot tfl kbwt dxmkmtcg emhb|x kmx`lt wtx|gt|xme
gfmoilw d|xcoi tfl emwt dlgmdlw E|vlkhb|xi/ Wtmxtcoi yctf tfl emtl =391w mod
cotlowcjscoi mjtlx lmxes =331w% E|vlkhb|xi lzbezld jxbk mo cod|wtxcme lgbobks tb
mo lgbobks dbkcomtld hs tfl tlxtcmxs wlgtbx% yfcgf xleclw flmzces bo tfl gxbww+
hbxdlx ybx`jbxgl/ Kbxlbzlx% E|vlkhb|xi xlgbxdld m emxil cogxlmwl co tfl o|khlx
bj mgtczl qbq|emtcbo% hbtf xlwcdlotw mod gxbww+hbxdlxw% yfcgf kbxl tfmo db|held
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9
co 8114 gbkqmxld yctf =366/ Tfl gfmoil co tfl wtx|gt|xl bj tfl emhb|x kmx`lt
xlzlmew mo cogxlmwl co tfl wfmxl bj yfctl gbeemxw mod gczce wlxzmotw co tfl dltxcklot
bj tfl wfmxl bj he|l gbeemxw% mo cogxlmwl co tfl wfmxl bj tfl wlxzcgl wlgtbx co tfl
dltxcklot bj tfl wfmxl bj tfl cod|wtxs wlgtbx/ Tfl lzbe|tcbo bj tfl emhb|x kmx`lt
mil dcwtxch|tcbo xlzlmew m gelmx wfcjt co klow emhb|x kmx`lt hlfmzcb|x d|l tb tfl
ld|gmtcbo wswtlk> tfl wfmxl bj qlbqel qxlwlot co tfl emhb|x kmx`lt |otce mil 8< cw
mekbwt db|hel co =366 gbkqmxld yctf 8114/ Jbeebycoi tflwl gfmoilw gxbww+
wlgtcbome lmxocoiw col}|mects cogxlmwld/
&
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6
Gfmqtlx 8/ Cogxlmwld bqqbxt|octs tb kbzl |q tfl lgbobkcg emddlx2 Lmxocoiw
kbhcects co tfl L\> =334+811=
Gfmqtlx 8 lvqebxlw yfltflx tfl L\ gctc~low fmzl mo cogxlmwld bqqbxt|octs tb
ckqxbzl tflcx qbwctcbo co tfl dcwtxch|tcbo bj lmxocoiw bzlx tckl/ Tfcw }|lwtcbo cw
mowylxld hs lvqebxcoi wfbxt mod eboi+tlxk ymil kbhcects% lzme|mtld |wcoi tyb
tsqlw bj xmo` klmw|xlw yfcgf gmqt|xl qbwctcbome kbzlklotw co tfl dcwtxch|tcbo bj
lmxocoiw/ Tfl jcxwt bol cw dlxczld jxbk tfl txmowctcbo kmtxcv mqqxbmgf hltyllo
cogbkl }|cotcelw% mod tfl wlgbod cw hmwld bo codczcd|me xmo`w% mw dlxczld hs
Dcg`low &8111m#/
Gfmqtlx 7/ L}|mec~coi bx dcwl}|mec~coi ecjltckl lmxocoiw dcjjlxlotcmew2 Lmxocoiw
kbhcects co tfl L\> =334+811=
Gfmqtlx 7 lvqebxlw yfltflx L\ gctc~low fmzl mo cogxlmwld bqqbxt|octs tb ckqxbzltflcx qbwctcbo co tfl dcwtxch|tcbo bj ecjltckl lmxocoiw% mod yfltflx lmxocoiw
kbhcects ybx`w tbymxdw l}|mec~coi"dcwl}|mec~coi ecjltckl lmxocoiw xlemtczl tb
gxbww+wlgtcbome col}|mectclw/ B|x hmwcg mww|kqtcbo cw tfmt kbhcects klmw|xld bzlx m
fbxc~bo bj 6 slmxw cw m ibbd qxbvs jbx ecjltckl kbhcects/ Tflwl }|lwtcbow mxl
mowylxld hs |wcoi tfl Wfbxxbg`w &=396# mod tfl Jcledw &8116# codcglw/ Kbxlbzlx% C
lvqebxld tfl ckqmgt bj dcjjlxlotcmew mttxctcbo bo tfl wt|ds bj lmxocoiw kbhcects mw
l}|mec~lx bj eboilx+tlxk lmxocoiw/
Gfmqtlx 4/ Lmxocoiw dsomkcgw mod col}|mects co L\% =334+811=
Gfmqtlx 4 lvqebxlw tfl dsomkcg wtx|gt|xl bj lmxocoiw mod tfl lvtlot tb yfcgf
gfmoilw co gxbww+wlgtcbome lmxocoiw col}|mects mgxbww tfl =4 L\ gb|otxclw xljelgt
txmowctbxs bx qlxkmolot gbkqbolotw bj codczcd|me ecjlgsgel lmxocoiw zmxcmtcbo/
L}|mees ylciftld kcock|k dcwtmogl kltfbdw mxl |wld tb lwtckmtl tfl gbzmxcmogl
wtx|gt|xl bj lmxocoiw% dlgbkqbwl lmxocoiw col}|mects cotb m qlxkmolot mod m
txmowctbxs gbkqbolot% mod lwtckmtl lmxocoiw ckkbhcects/
Gfmqtlx
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=8
=33
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=7
mggb|otcoi qlxcbd bj cogbkl cw lvtlodld mod jb|od eby kbhcects elzlew jbx mee
gb|otxclw/ Codlqlodlot bj tfl mggb|otcoi qlxcbd% tfls jb|od tfmt lmxocoiw
col}|mects cw fciflx co tfl \W tfmo co tfl Wgmodcomzcmo gb|otxclw/ Kbhcects cw
fciflx jbx tfl \W boes jbx eboi mggb|otcoi qlxcbdw/ Tfls mewb jb|od lzcdlogl bj
ixlmtlx dcwqlxwcbo bj jcxwt dcjjlxloglw bj xlemtczl lmxocoiw mod cogbkl co tfl \octld
Wtmtlw/
Hx|`fm|wlx mod Qb|qbxl &=339# mod Hx|`fm|wlx% Fbet~+Lm`co% mod Xfbds &=336#
jb|od tfmt% tfl \W% co wqctl bj fmzcoi m fciflx lmxocoiw bx dcwqbwmhel cogbkl
dcwqlxwcbo tfmo Ilxkmos% ctw kbhcects cw wckcemx yctf Ilxkmos hltyllo =367 mod
=366/
Jxct~lee &=331# wt|dcld kbhcects co Wyldlo |wcoi kbhcects tmhelw jxbk =397 mod
=361 mod gbkqmxld tflk yctf D|ogmo mod Kbximo &=36=# jbx tfl \W jbx tfl
qlxcbd =39= mod =396% mod jb|od xlkmx`mhel wckcemxctclw hltyllo tfl tyb
gb|otxclw/
BLGD &=33:% =339# qxlwlotld m zmxclts bj gbkqmxcwbow bj lmxocoiw col}|mects mod
kbhcects mgxbww BLGD gb|otxclw bzlx tfl qlxcbd =36:+=33=/ Tfl xlw|etw zmxs
dlqlodcoi bo tfl dljcoctcbo mod klmw|xl bj kbhcects/
Mt tfl L\ elzle% ob wt|ds mttlkqtld tb momeswl mod tb |odlxwtmod co m gbkqmxmtczl
kmoolx lmxocoiw kbhcects mod ctw eco` yctf lmxocoiw col}|mects bzlx m kbxl xlglot
qlxcbd mod gbzlxcoi m eboilx tckl jxmkl tfmo wcv slmxw/ Hs lvqebctcoi tfl lcift
slmxw bj qmole co LGFQ% b|x qmqlx mckw tb jcee qmxt bj tfcw imq mod tb km`l m
w|hwtmotczl gbotxch|tcbo tb tfl ectlxmt|xl bo gxbww+omtcbome gbkqmxcwbow bj kbhcects
mt tfl L\ elzle/
8/7/Kltfbdbebis
Tflxl mxl kmos mqqxbmgflw tb klmw|xcoi kbhcects/&Jcledw mod B`% =3330 Jcledw%
Elmxs% mod B`% 8117# Yl jbg|w bo tyb xmo` klmw|xlw% yfcgf gmqt|xl qbwctcbome
kbzlklotw co tfl dcwtxch|tcbo bj lmxocoiw/ Tfl jcxwt bol cw dlxczld jxbk tfl
txmowctcbo kmtxcv mqqxbmgf hltyllo cogbkl }|cotcelw mod btflx emhb|x kmx`lt
wtmtlw% mod tfl wlgbod bol cw hmwld bo codczcd|me xmo`w% mw dlxczld hs Dcg`low
&8111m#/
Yl lwtckmtl tyb tsqlw bj kbhcects klmw|xlw>
wfbxt+tlxk kbhcects K&t% t=# + dljcold mw kbhcects hltyllo qlxcbdw
bol slmx mqmxt% klmocoi hltyllo slmx t mod slmx t=/ Tfcw cw |wld tb
8/9/2019 D.M. Sologon, 2010
32/411
=4
mwwlww tfl qmttlxo bj wfbxt+tlxk kbhcects bzlx tckl% hltyllo K&=334%
=33 jcxwt% tfl eco` hltyllo tfl xlemtczl gfmoil co wfbxt+
tlxk kbhcects K&t% t=#8 mod co slmxes col}|mects C&t=#7 bzlx tfl wmkqel qlxcbd0
wlgbod tfl eco` hltyllo tfl xlemtczl dcjjlxlogl hltyllo kbhcects co tfl jcxwt mod
emwt ymzl% K&t%t9#% mod tfl xlemtczl gfmoil co col}|mects hltyllo tfl jcxwt mod emwt
ymzl4/
8/7/=/ Txmowctcbo kmtxcv mqqxbmgf tb kbhcectsKbhcects klmw|xlw dlxczld jxbk txmowctcbo qxbhmhcectclw hltyllo dcjjlxlot lmxocoiw
xmoilw &l/i/ }|cotcelw# bx hltyllo dcjjlxlot emhb|x kmx`lt wtmtlw mxl q|xles xlemtczl/
Jbx lvmkqel% co tfl gmwl bj lmxocoiw txmowctcbo qxbhmhcectclw% co m gb|otxs yctf m
eby elzle bj gxbww+wlgtcbome lmxocoiw col}|mects% m kbdlwt cogxlmwl co lmxocoiw
gb|ed gm|wl m emxil gfmoil co mo codczcd|mew xlemtczl qbwctcbo/ Tfl wmkl }|cotcel
txmowctcbo co m wlgbod gb|otxs% yctf fcif gxbww+wlgtcbome col}|mects% yb|ed xl}|cxl
m emxilx qlxglotmil cogxlmwl co lmxocoiw/ Tf|w% l}|me txmowctcbo qxbhmhcectclw
codcgmtl wckcemx xlemtczl kbhcects% klmocoi tfmt tfl jxl}|logs bj gfmoilw co tfllmxocoiw xmo`coiw cw tfl wmkl co hbtf gb|otxclw% h|t lmxocoiw zbemtcects cw fciflx co
tfl wlgbod gb|otxs/ Tfl lvtlot bj xlemtczl kbhcects fmw ckqbxtmot ckqecgmtcbo jbx
eboi+qlxcbd bx ecjltckl col}|mects &BLGD% =33:#/
Tfl cojbxkmtcbo gbotmcold co tfl txmowctcbo kmtxcglw gmo hl w|kkmxc~ld hs wlzlxme
ckkbhcects codcglw% yfcgf meebyw bol tb gxlmtl kbhcects xmo`coiw/ Tyb bj tflk mxl
wlelgtld jbx w|kkmxc~coi tfl txmowctcbow hltyllo tfl lmxocoiw }|cotcelw> tfl
ckkbhcects xmtcb mod tfl mzlxmil n|kq &Mt`cowbo lt me/% =338#/
Tfl ckkbhcects xmtcb klmw|xlw tfl qlxglotmil bj qlbqel wtmscoi co tfl wmkl
}|cotcel bx lotlxcoi tfl }|cotcel ckkldcmtles mhbzl"hleby/ Hlgm|wl tfl ckkbhcects
xmtcb jbg|wlw bo tfl olmx+dcmibome lotxclw% ct cw cowlowctczl tb tfl kbzlklot b|twcdl
tfl dcmibome &Mt`cowbo lt me/% =338#/ Bol qbq|emx metlxomtczl yfcgf gcxg|kzlotw
= : jbx E|vlkhb|xi mod M|wtxcm mod < jbx Jcoemod/8 K&=334%=33
8/9/2019 D.M. Sologon, 2010
33/411
=
= =
u u} }
cn
c n
c n q
MN }
; ;
;
c
&8/=#
yflxl } cw tfl o|khlx bj }|cotcelw%cn
q cw tfl txmowctcbo xmtl ebgmtld co xby c mod
gbe|kon/ MN xlqxlwlotw tfl lvqlgtld n|kqw co tlxkw bj }|cotcelw/ Bol dxmyhmg` bj
tfl MN cw tfmt ct cw cowlowctczl tb q|xles lvgfmoil kbhcects/
Co bxdlx tb hl cotlxqxltmhel% tflwl klmw|xlw bj ckkbhcects olld tb hl gbkqmxld
yctf tfl dlixll bj kbhcects mgfclzld |odlx qlxjlgt kbhcects% klmocoi yflxl tfl
qxbhmhcects bj bgg|qscoi lmgf xmo` cw codlqlodlot bj tfl wtmxtcoi qbcot &Mt`cowbo
lt me/% =338#/ Jbx m txmowctcbo kmtxcv dljcold co tlxkw bj }|cotcelw% qlxjlgt kbhcectsklmow tfmt tfl qxbhmhcects bj kbzcoi cotb m qmxtcg|emx xmo` jxbk bol qlxcbd tb tfl
olvt cw 1/8/ Tfl ckkbhcects xmtcb |odlx tfl mww|kqtcbo bj qlxjlgt kbhcects jbx m
txmowctcbo kmtxcv dljcold co tlxkw bj }|cotcelw l}|mew 1/
8/9/2019 D.M. Sologon, 2010
34/411
=:
Jbeebycoi Dcg`low &8111m#% tfl qlxglotcel xmo`coiw gmo hl |wld tb gbowtx|gt m
klmw|xl bj kbhcects hmwld bo tfl dlixll bj gfmoil co xmo`coi jxbk bol slmx tb tfl
btflx/ Tfl klmw|xl bj kbhcects hltyllo slmx t mod slmx w cw>
=
8 u & # & # uO
ct cw
c
J y J y
KO
;
;
c&8/8#
yflxl & #ct
J y mod & #cw
J y mxl tfl g|k|emtczl dcwtxch|tcbo j|ogtcbo jbx lmxocoiw co
slmx t mod slmx w mod O cw tfl o|khlx bj codczcd|mew tfmt xlgbxd qbwctczl lmxocoiw
co hbtf slmx t mod slmx w/ Hmwld bo tfcw klmw|xl% tfl dlixll bj kbhcects l}|mew
tycgl tfl mzlxmil mhwbe|tl gfmoil co qlxglotcel xmo`coi hltyllo slmx t mod slmx w/
Yflo tflxl cw ob kbhcects mod qlbqel fbed tflcx qbwctcbo co tfl cogbkl
dcwtxch|tcbo jxbk slmx t tb slmx w % tfl dcjjlxlogl hltyllo & #ct
J y mod & #cw
J y cw
l}|me tb 1 jbx mee codczcd|mew% mod tflxljbxl K cw l}|me tb 1/ Tfl codlv tm`lw m
kmvck|k zme|l bj = cj lmxocoiw co tfl tyb slmxw mxl qlxjlgtes olimtczles
gbxxlemtld% klmocoi tfmt co tfl wlgbod qlxcbd tflxl cw m gbkqeltl xlzlxwme bj xmo`w%
mod tfl zme|l 8"7 cj lmxocoiw co tfl tyb qlxcbdw mxl codlqlodlot/ Tfl xbh|wtolww bj
tfcw klmw|xl bj kbhcects ymw dcwg|wwld co Dcg`low &8111m#/
8/4/Dmtm
Tfl wt|ds cw gbod|gtld |wcoi tfl L|xbqlmo Gbkk|octs Fb|wlfbed Qmole &LGFQ#:
bzlx tfl qlxcbd =334+811= jbx =4 L\ gb|otxclw/ Obt mee gb|otxclw mxl qxlwlot jbx mee
ymzlw/ E|vlkhb|xi mod M|wtxcm mxl bhwlxzld bzlx m qlxcbd bj 9 ymzlw &=33
8/9/2019 D.M. Sologon, 2010
35/411
=9
glxtmco dlixll bj wlelgtczcts% h|t boes mjjlgtcoi wbkl zmxcmhelw mod wbkl gb|otxclw/
Kbxlbzlx% tfl cogbkl kbhcects codcgmtbxw wfby glxtmco wlowctczcts tb tfl ylciftcoi
wswtlk/
Co tfcw qmqlx% yl |wl tfl ylciftcoi wswtlk xlgbkklodld hs L|xbwtmt% omkles
|wcoi tfl hmwl ylciftw bj tfl emwt ymzl bhwlxzld jbx lmgf codczcd|me% hb|odldhltyllo 1/8< mod =1/ Tfl dmtmwlt cw wgmeld |q tb m k|etcqecgmtczl gbowtmot9 bj tfl
hmwl ylciftw bj tfl emwt slmx bhwlxzld jbx lmgf codczcd|me/
Jbx tfcw wt|ds yl |wl xlme olt6 fb|xes ymil mdn|wtld jbx gbow|klx qxcgl codlv
&GQC# bj kmel ybx`lxw mild 81 tb
8/9/2019 D.M. Sologon, 2010
36/411
=6
Jci|xl8/=/Lqmolgfcobz@lxoleDlowctsLwtckmtlwjbxWlelgtldS
lmxw=1+L\= Zlxtcgme mvcw Klmo lmxocoiw co tfl 3 tf dlgcel "Klmo lmxocoiw co tfl =wt
=7 Hlwcdlw tflwl codcglw% wlzlxme btflxw ylxl gbkq|tld &IL&+=#0 IL&1#% IL&8#% Mt`cowbo lzme|mtld mt
dcjjlxlot zme|lw bj tfl mzlxwcbo qmxmkltlx# mod gmo hl qxbzcdld |qbo xl}|lwt jxbk tfl m|tfbxw/ Tfls
w|qqbxt tfl jcodcoiw wfbyo hs tfl xlqbxtld codcglw/
8
8/ kbwt bj tfl codczcd|mew mxl gboglotxmtld
co m hmod mxb|od tfl 4
8/9/2019 D.M. Sologon, 2010
56/411
76
Jci|xl8/=1/Bol+SlmxLmxocoiwKbhcectsbzlxTck
l
8/9/2019 D.M. Sologon, 2010
57/411
73
Jci|xl8/==/Bol+SlmxmodWlzlo+Slm
xQlxcbdLmxocoiwKbhcects>=
334+=33 tfl wct|mtcbo bj tfl hlttlx bjj
codczcd|mew ckqxbzld tb m emxilx lvtlot tfmo jbx eby qmcd bolw% yfcgf lvqemcow tfl
cogxlmwl co tfl bzlxmee col}|mects mw gmqt|xld hs tfl Icoc% Tflce mod Mt`cowbo
codcglw/ Tfl lzbe|tcbo bj tfl xmtcb hltyllo klmo lmxocoiw mt tfl tbq mod tfl
hbttbk dlgcelw cw bqqbwctl tb yfmt ymw lvqlgtld> tfl dlgxlmwl kcift w|iilwt tfmt
tflxl mxl btflx jbxglw mt ybx`% w|gf mw kbhcects co tfl tbq qmxt bj tfl dcwtxch|tcbo%
yfcgf dltlxkcold klmo lmxocoiw tb dlgxlmwl jbx tfcw ixb|q/
Qbxt|ime xlgbxdw wckcemx txlodw yctf Ilxkmos% lvglqt jbx tfl olimtczl gbxxlemtcbo
hltyllo tfl xmo` co tfl lmxocoiw dcwtxch|tcbo mod tfl ixbytf co lmxocoiw/ Tf|w% tfl
jmgt tfmt eby qmcd codczcd|mew ckqxbzld tflcx lmxocoiw qbwctcbo tb m fciflx lvtlot
86 Gb|otxclw mxl xmo`ld hmwld bo Icoc codlv/
+
8/9/2019 D.M. Sologon, 2010
111/411
8/9/2019 D.M. Sologon, 2010
112/411
34
tlxk lmxocoiw col}|mects &eljt# mod tflcx xlemtczl dcjjlxlogl &xcift#/ Wfbxttlxk
xljlxw tb col}|mects co mzlxmil lmxocoiw klmw|xld bzlx tyb slmxw% klmocoi co tfl
jcxwt mod tfl wlgbod ymzl% mod eboi+tlxk xljlxw tb col}|mects co mzlxmil lmxocoiw
klmw|xld bzlx tfl wmkqel qlxcbd/
Jci|xl 7/4/ Wfbxt mod Eboi Tlxk Cogbkl Col}|mects mod tflcx Xlemtczl DcjjlxloglObtl> =/Wfbxttlxk xljlxw tb col}|mects co mzlxmil lmxocoiw klmw|xld bzlx tyb slmxw% klmocoi co tfl
jcxwt mod tfl wlgbod ymzl% mod eboi+tlxk xljlxw tb col}|mects co mzlxmil lmxocoiw klmw|xld bzlx tfl
wmkqel qlxcbd/
8/ Tfl xcift ixmqf co lmgf qmole cee|wtxmtlw tfl xlemtczl dcjjlxlogl hltyllo wfbxt mod eboi+tlxk
col}|mects dcwqemsld co tfl eljt ixmqfw/
1
/1 Hmemogld wmkqel bzlx w|hqlxcbdw
:Slmx Qlxcbd Jcledw Kbhcects
9Slmx Qlxcbd Jcledw Kbhcects
6Slmx Qlxcbd Jcledw Kbhcects
1
/=
/8
/7
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CogbklKbhcects&Jcledw#
Qbxt|
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mos
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d
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9Slmx Qlxcbd Jcledw Kbhcects
6Slmx Qlxcbd Jcledw Kbhcects
8/9/2019 D.M. Sologon, 2010
135/411
==9
Hmwld bo tfl 6+slmx kbhcects &Jci|xl 7/=8 mod Tmhel 7/3#% Qbxt|ime xlgbxdw tfl
ebylwt zme|lw hmwld bo hbtf codcglw/ Ecjltckl kbhcects cw qxlwlot co Qbxt|ime% h|t cw
dcwl}|mec~coi% tf|w ct dblw obt hloljct eby lmxocoiw codczcd|mew/
Mkboi tfl gb|otxclw yctf tfl fciflwt < zme|lw co ecjltckl Wfbxxbg`w kbhcects
Dlokmx`% \@% Hleic|k% Ixllgl% Cxlemod + boes Dlokmx`% Cxlemod% Hleic|k mod \@wgbxl mkboi tfl < fciflwt co tfl Jcledw ecjltckl l}|mec~coi kbhcects% w|iilwtcoi
tfmt tflwl gb|otxclw fmzl tfl fciflwt ecjltckl kbhcects yctf tfl fciflwt l}|mec~coi
ckqmgt bo ecjltckl lmxocoiw dcjjlxlotcmew/ Dlokmx` wgbxlw tfl fciflwt co ecjltckl
kbhcects% h|t tfl wlgbod fciflwt mjtlx Cxlemod co l}|mec~coi kbhcects% w|iilwtcoi
tfmt kbhcects co Cxlemod cw weciftes kbxl l}|mec~coi co m ecjltckl qlxwqlgtczl tfmo co
Dlokmx`/ Gbkqmxld yctf tfl btflx gb|otxclw% Dlokmx` fmw m fciflx ecjltckl
kbhcects yctf m fciflx ecjltckl l}|mec~coi ckqmgt/
\@ fmw m ebylx ecjltckl kbhcects mod m ebylx l}|mec~coi ckqmgt tfmo Dlokmx`/
Gbkqmxld yctf Cxlemod% Hleic|k mod Jxmogl% \@ fmw m fciflx ecjltckl kbhcects%
h|t yctf m ebylx l}|mec~coi ckqmgt/ M qbwwchel lvqemomtcbo cw tfmt \@ fmw m fciflx
wfmxl bj ecjltckl kbhcects yfcgf cw dcwl}|mec~coi tfmo Cxlemod% Hleic|k mod Jxmogl/
Gbkqmxld yctf tfl xlkmcocoi gb|otxclw% \@ fmw m fciflx ecjltckl kbhcects yctf m
fciflx ecjltckl l}|mec~coi ckqmgt/
Hleic|k wgbxlw tfl tfcxd fciflwt mjtlx Dlokmx` mod \@ hmwld bo Wfbxxbg`w mod
tfl 4tf fciflwt mjtlx Cxlemod% Dlokmx`% mod Jxmogl hmwld bo Jcledw/ Tf|w Hleic|k
fmw m ebylx ecjltckl kbhcects yctf m ebylx l}|mec~coi ckqmgt tfmo Dlokmx`% m
fciflx ecjltckl kbhcects mod m ebylx l}|mec~coi kbhcects tfmo Cxlemod mod Jxmogl%mod m ebylx ecjltckl kbhcects h|t yctf m fciflx l}|mec~coi ckqmgt tfmo co \@/
Gbkqmxld yctf tfl xlkmcocoi gb|otxclw Hleic|k fmw m fciflx ecjltckl kbhcects
yctf m fciflx ecjltckl l}|mec~coi ckqmgt/
8/9/2019 D.M. Sologon, 2010
136/411
8/9/2019 D.M. Sologon, 2010
137/411
==3
Jci|xl 7/=8/ Wgmttlx qebt bj 6+slmx qlxcbd kbhcects> Wfbxxbg`w zw/ Jcledw
Ixllgl fmw m fciflx ecjltckl kbhcects yctf m fciflx l}|mec~coi ckqmgt tfmo
Oltflxemodw% Ctmes% Ilxkmos% Wqmco mod Qbxt|ime/ Gbkqmxld yctf Dlokmx`%Hleic|k mod \@% Ixllgl fmw m ebylx ecjltckl kbhcects mod m ebylx l}|mec~coi
kbhcects/ Gbkqmxld yctf Cxlemod mod Jxmogl% Ixllgl fmw m fciflx ecjltckl kbhcects
mod m ebylx l}|mec~coi ckqmgt% wciomeecoi tfmt m ebylx qmxt bj tfl kbhcects co
Ixllgl cw l}|mec~coi ecjltckl lmxocoiw dcjjlxlotcmew gbkqmxld yctf Cxlemod mod
Jxmogl/
Cxlemod fmw m fciflx ecjltckl kbhcects tfmo Oltflxemodw% Ctmes% Jxmogl% Wqmco%
Ilxkmos mod Qbxt|ime% mod m ebylx ecjltckl kbhcects tfmo tfl btflx gb|otxclw/ Co
tlxkw bj l}|mec~coi ckqmgt% fbylzlx% Cxlemod cw tfl wtxboilwt/
Oltflxemodw fmw m kcddel xmo` hbtf co ecjltckl kbhcects mod co ecjltckl l}|mec~coi
kbhcects/ Ct fmw m fciflx ecjltckl kbhcects mod m fciflx l}|mec~coi ckqmgt tfmo
Ilxkmos% Wqmco% Ctmes mod Qbxt|ime/ Gbkqmxld tb Jxmogl ct fmw m fciflx ecjltckl
kbhcects% h|t m ebylx l}|mec~coi kbhcects% wcio tfmt m fciflx wfmxl bj kbhcects cw
dcwl}|mec~coi co tfl Oltflxemodw/
Ctmes fmw m ebylx ecjltckl kbhcects yctf m ebylx l}|mec~coi ckqmgt gbkqmxld yctf
kbwt gb|otxclw% lvglqt Qbxt|ime% jbx yfcgf tfl bqqbwctl fbedw% mod Ilxkmos%
QT
CT
WQIL
OEIX
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J
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flxlmdcoibjtfltmheliblwjxbk
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&..#Tflgbkqmxcwbocwhmwldbo9+slmxqlxcbdkbhcects
&=#Hmw
ldbotflhmemogldmqqxbmgf/Tf
lxlzlxwlfbedw|odlxtfl
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bo
tfl
hmemogld
mqqxbmgf
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?
5
5
Wfbxxbg`w
?
5
5
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5
5
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5
5
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5
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Jcoemod..
8/9/2019 D.M. Sologon, 2010
140/411
8/9/2019 D.M. Sologon, 2010
141/411
=87
Jci|xl 7/=7/ Tfl Lzbe|tcbo bj 8+Slmx Qlxcbd Kbhcects
1
/1 &KmG|xds%=3680 Mhbyd mod Gmxd% =3630 Kbjjctt mod Ibttwgfme`% =33
8 8
1 1%
1 1
% ~ &1% #% ~ &1% #q }
n ct n n ct n ct c g
n n
z ccd z ; ;
; % &4
ct cw mww|kld tb hl yfctl obcwl yctf klmo 1 mod zmxcmogl 8
/ Tfl zmxcmogl8
1%g
klmw|xlw tfl zbemtcects bj wfbg`w mt tfl wtmxt bj tfl wmkqel qlxcbd mod 8 tfl
zbemtcects bj wfbg`w co w|hwl}|lot slmxw/n cw tfl m|tbxlixlwwczl qmxmkltlx yctf
1= ; % yfcgf klmw|xlw tfl qlxwcwtlogl bj wfbg`w/
n cw tfl kbzcoi mzlxmil
qmxmkltlx yctf1
= ; % yfcgf mggbkkbdmtlw wfmxq dxbqw bj tfl emi+n
m|tbgbzmxcmogl gbkqmxld yctf tfl btflx m|tbgbzmxcmoglw/ Co tfcw kbdle% tfl
m|tbxlixlwwczl mod kbzcoi mzlxmil qmxmkltlxw mxl mww|kld tb hl gbowtmot bzlx
tckl/
8/9/2019 D.M. Sologon, 2010
165/411
=49
4/7/7/ Lmxocoiw kbhcectsMobtflx mwqlgt xlelzmot jbx tfl lzbe|tcbo bj lmxocoiw dcjjlxlotcmew cw lmxocoiw
kbhcects% dljcold hs @mt~ mod M|tbx &=333# mw tfl xmtl mt yfcgf codczcd|mew wfcjt
qbwctcbow co tfl lmxocoiw dcwtxch|tcbo/ Lmxocoiw kbhcects cw gebwles xlemtld tb tfl
ckqbxtmogl bj tfl qlxkmolot mod txmowctbxs gbkqbolotw co lmxocoiw zmxcmtcbo/ M
emxil gbotxch|tcbo bj tfl qlxkmolot gbkqbolot ckqeclw tfmt codczcd|me lmxocoiw
mxl fcifes gbxxlemtld bzlx tckl mod codczcd|mew db obt gfmoil tflcx cogbkl
qbwctcbo tb m emxil lvtlot lvqlxclogcoi eby xmtlw bj lmxocoiw kbhcects/ Tflxljbxl%
tfl gfmoilw co lmxocoiw kbhcects mxl dltlxkcold hs tfl lvtlot tb yfcgf gfmoilw co
gxbww+wlgtcbome col}|mects mxl dxczlo hs gfmoilw co tfl qlxkmolot bx txmowctbxs
zmxcmogl/
Lmxocoiw kbhcects cw m zlxs gbkqelv qflobklobo% mod tfl ymsw bj klmw|xcoi ct
mxl dczlxwl/ Yl ebb` mt tfl dlixll bj ckkbhcects% klmw|xld hs tfl xmtcb hltylloqlxkmolot mod txmowctbxs col}|mects% jbeebycoi @meycn mod Melwwcl &8117#/ Tfcw
klmw|xl bjjlxw mewb m w|kkmxs bj tfl lzbe|tcbo co tfl wtx|gt|xl bj col}|mects> m&o#
dlgxlmwl &cogxlmwl# co tfl ckkbhcects xmtcb codcgmtlw mo cogxlmwl &dlgxlmwl# co
lmxocoiw kbhcects% l}|czmelot yctf m&o# dlgxlmwl &cogxlmwl# co tfl xlemtczl wfmxl bj
qlxkmolot dcjjlxlotcmew co tfl bzlxmee col}|mects/ Tfcw kbhcects codlv gmqt|xlw obo+
dcxlgtcbome lmxocoiw kbzlklotw mod gmo hl cotlxqxltld mw tfl bqqbxt|octs tb
ckqxbzl bolw qbwctcbo co tfl dcwtxch|tcbo bj ecjltckl lmxocoiw/
Mo cogxlmwl co gxbww+wlgtcbome col}|mects mggbkqmocld hs m dlgxlmwl co lmxocoiwkbhcects cw lvqlgtld tb fmzl olimtczl ckqecgmtcbow jbx eboi+x|o bx ecjltckl lmxocoiw
dcjjlxlotcmew% mw ct wfbyw tfmt bzlx tckl eby ymil klo ilt ybxwl bjj hbtf co tlxkw
bj tflcx xlemtczl lmxocoiw qbwctcbo mod co tlxkw bj tflcx bqqbxt|octs tb lwgmql eby
ymil txmq/ Tf|w ct cw xlmwbomhel tb lvqlgt tfmt gxbww+wlgtcbome lmxocoiw dcjjlxlotcmew
ycee hl lofmogld co m ecjltckl qlxwqlgtczl/
Mo cogxlmwl co gxbww+wlgtcbome col}|mects mggbkqmocld hs mo cogxlmwl co lmxocoiw
kbhcects fmw |oglxtmco ckqecgmtcbow jbx eboi+x|o bx ecjltckl lmxocoiw dcjjlxlotcmew/
Bzlx tckl eby ymil klo ilt ybxwl bjj co tlxkw bj tflcx xlemtczl lmxocoiw qbwctcbo%
h|t hlttlx bjj co tlxkw bj tfl bqqbxt|octs tb lwgmql eby ymil txmq co m ecjltcklqlxwqlgtczl/ Tf|w lmxocoiw kbhcects gb|ed lctflx lofmogl bx dlgxlmwl ecjltckl
lmxocoiw dcjjlxlotcmew gbkqmxld yctf tfl gxbww+wlgtcbome bolw/
M dlgxlmwl co gxbww+wlgtcbome col}|mects mggbkqmocld hs mo cogxlmwl co lmxocoiw
kbhcects cw lvqlgtld tb fmzl qbwctczl ckqecgmtcbow jbx ecjltckl lmxocoiw
dcjjlxlotcmew% mw bzlx tckl eby ymil klo hlttlx tflcx xlemtczl lmxocoiw qbwctcbo mod
tflcx bqqbxt|octs tb lwgmql eby ymil txmq co m ecjltckl qlxwqlgtczl/ Tf|w% ecjltckl
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lmxocoiw dcjjlxlotcmew mxl lvqlgtld tb hl xld|gld gbkqmxld yctf moo|me
dcjjlxlotcmew/
M dlgxlmwl co gxbww+wlgtcbome col}|mects mggbkqmocld hs m dlgxlmwl co lmxocoiw
kbhcects fmw |oglxtmco ckqecgmtcbow jbx ecjltckl lmxocoiw dcjjlxlotcmew% mw bzlx tckl
eby ymil klo ilt hlttlx bjj co tlxkw bj tflcx xlemtczl lmxocoiw qbwctcbo% h|t ybxwlbjj co tlxkw bj tflcx bqqbxt|octs tb lwgmql eby ymil txmq co m ecjltckl qlxwqlgtczl/
Tf|w% ecjltckl lmxocoiw dcjjlxlotcmew gb|ed hl lctflx xld|gld bx lofmogld gbkqmxld
yctf moo|me dcjjlxlotcmew/
Ct hlgbklw bhzcb|w tfmt tfl }|lwtcbo xlimxdcoi tfl eco` hltyllo lmxocoiw kbhcects
mod lmxocoiw col}|mects dblw obt fmzl m wtxmcift jbxymxd mowylx mod kbhcects cw
obt meymsw hloljcgcme/ Ct dlqlodw bo tfl |odlxescoi jmgtbxw> gfmoilw co lmxocoiw
kbhcects gb|ed lctflx ybx` tb bjjwlt bx tb cogxlmwl gfmoilw co gxbww+wlgtcbome
dcwqlxwcbo% yctf zlxs dcjjlxlot ckqecgmtcbow jbx qlxkmolot lmxocoiw col}|mects
&Dcg`low% 8111m#/ Oboltflelww% ob gbotxbzlxws w|xxb|odw tfl jmgt tfmt kbhcects cw
hloljcgcme yflo ct fleqw eby qmcd codczcd|mew tb ckqxbzl tflcx cogbkl qbwctcbo co
tfl eboi+tlxk bx ecjltckl cogbkl dcwtxch|tcbo/
4/4/Dmtm7:
Tfl wt|ds cw gbod|gtld |wcoi tfl L|xbqlmo Gbkk|octs Fb|wlfbed Qmole
&LGFQ#79 bzlx tfl qlxcbd =334+811= jbx =4 L\ gb|otxclw/ Obt mee gb|otxclw mxl
qxlwlot jbx mee ymzlw/ E|vlkhb|xi mod M|wtxcm mxl bhwlxzld hltyllo =33< mod
811= mod Jcoemod hltyllo =33: mod 811=/ Jbeebycoi tfl txmdctcbo bj qxlzcb|w
wt|dclw% tfl momeswcw jbg|wlw boes bo klo tb mzbcd tfl wlelgtcbo hcmw mwwbgcmtld
yctf ybklow lmxocoiw/
M wqlgcme qxbhelk yctf qmole dmtm cw tfmt bj mttxctcbo bzlx tckl% mw codczcd|mew mxl
ebwt mt w|gglwwczl dmtlw gm|wcoi tfl qmole tb dlgecol co wc~l mod xmcwcoi tfl qxbhelk
bj xlqxlwlotmtczlolww/ Wlzlxme qmqlxw momeswld tfl lvtlot mod tfl dltlxkcomotw bj
qmole mttxctcbo co LGFQ/ Hlfx% Hleeimxdt mod Xlodtle &811
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h|t boes mjjlgtcoi wbkl zmxcmhelw mod wbkl gb|otxclw/ Kbxlbzlx% cogbkl kbhcects
codcgmtbxw wfby glxtmco wlowctczcts tb tfl ylciftcoi wswtlk/
Yl mqqes tfl ylciftcoi wswtlk xlgbkklodld hs L|xbwtmt% omkles tfl hmwl
ylciftw bj tfl emwt ymzl bhwlxzld jbx lmgf codczcd|me% hb|odld hltyllo 1/8< mod
=1/ Tfl dmtmwlt cw wgmeld |q tb m k|etcqecgmtczl gbowtmot76 bj tfl hmwl ylciftw bj tflemwt slmx bhwlxzld jbx lmgf codczcd|me/
Jbx tfl lkqcxcgme momeswcw% codczcd|mew mxl gmtlibxc~ld cotb jb|x hcxtf gbfbxtw%
yfcgf mxl jbeebyld tfxb|if tckl/ Cdlmees% bol wfb|ed |wl hcxtf gbfbxtw jbxkld
jxbk qlbqel hbxo co m qmxtcg|emx slmx/ Tfl eckctld o|khlx bj bhwlxzmtcbow jbxglw
|w tb ixb|q kbxl hcxtf slmxw co bol gbfbxt/ Tfl jcxwt hcxtf gbfbxt gbotmcow qlbqel
hbxo hltyllo =341+=3
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&c# tfl lelklotw bj tfl m|tbgbzmxcmogl wtx|gt|xl dlgxlmwl yctf tfl emi mt m
dlgxlmwcoi xmtl mod
41g
Tmod 1gt xlqxlwlot tfl tbtme o|khlx bj slmxw mod tfl jcxwt slmx bhwlxzld jbx lmgf gbfbxt/
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1
1 1
8 8 8 8 8
1 1 1 1
& #
& #
& # 8gbz& # & # & 81# & # 1
cg
cg cg
c c c c c
Zmx S
L x x
L mil L mil m Zmx z cj t
;
; ;
; + + + + ;
&4/=8#%
yflxl1
m cw tfl glotxme mil bj tfl gbfbxt g co tfl jcxwt ymzl/
Tfl gbzmxcmogl wtx|gt|xl jbx w|hwl}|lot slmxw cw lvqxlwwld mw jbeebyw>
8 8 8 8 8 8 8
= =
8 8 8 8 8
8 8 =
& # & #
P & # 8gbz& # & # & 81# [
P & # &= 8 #[ 1
cgt cgt cgt
g t ct c c ct t
g t ct
Zmx S L x x
L mil L mil m
Zmx z cj t
; ;
; + + + +
+ + + + ?
&4/=7#
8 8 8 8
= =
8 8
8 8 8 =
& # & #
p & # & # gbz& #P & # & #[
& 81#& 81#{ P & % #[ 1 * =
cgt cgt w cgt cgt w
g t ct ct w c c ct ct w
t t g t t w ct ct w
Gbz S S L x x
L mil L mil L mil L mil
m m w Gbz z z cj t w
; ;
; + + + +
+ + ? ?
&4/=4#
= =
8 8 8 8
= = = =
8 8 8
8 8 8 = =
& # & #
p & # & # gbz& #P & # & #[
& 81#& = 81#{ p & # #{ 1 * =
cgt cgt cgt cgt
g t ct ct c c ct ct
t t g t t ct
Gbz S S L x x
L mil L mil L mil L mil
m m Zmx z cj t w
; ;
; + + + +
+ + + ? ;
&4/=
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=
=///
g
cgt
cgt
x
x
;
cgX
yflxlcgt
x mxl tfl lmxocoiw xlwcd|mew jbx codczcd|me chleboicoi tb gbfbxt g% co slmx t
co klmo dlzcmtcbo jbxk jbx lmgf gbfbxt mod slmx/ Tfl lelklotw bj tflcg
X
gbxxlwqbodcoi tb kcwwcoi slmxw mxl wlt tb 1/ Tfl zmxcmogl+gbzmxcmogl kmtxcv bj tfl
lmxocoiw cw gbkq|tld wlqmxmtles jbx lmgf gbfbxt%g
G / Tfl lelklotw bj tfl zmxcmogl+
gbzmxcmogl kmtxcv jbx gbfbxt g%g
G % yfcgf cw bj dcklowcbo & #g g
t t mxl gbkq|tld
mw jbeebyw>
=
=
P % [
g
g
o
cg` cgecg o
cg` cgec
x xk ` e
d d
;
;
;
&4/=:#
yflxlg
o cw tfl tbtme o|khlx bj codczcd|mew co gbfbxt g% % p=%///% {g
` e t; /
Gbojbxkmhes yctfg
k %gc
k xlqxlwlot tfl dcwtcogt lelklotw bj tfl codczcd|me gxbww+
qxbd|gt kmtxcv )cg cgX X / Tflo
=
=
P % [P % [
g
g
o
gccg o
cg cgec
k ` ek ` e
d d
;
;
;
/
Tfl kmtxcvg
G cw wskkltxcg yctf& =#
& =#8
g gt t + dcwtcogt lelklotw/ Elt
gZlgf&G # hl m gbe|ko zlgtbx bj dcklowcbo
& =#& =#
8
g gt t +
yfcgf wtmg`w mee tfl
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= T T T= 4k ; &Zlgf&G # % ///% Zlgf&G # # %
yfcgf cw m gbe|ko zlgtbx bj dcklowcbo4
=
& =#& =#
8
g g
g
t t
;
+ / Co tfcw qmqlx% lmgf
gbfbxt cw bhwlxzld hltyllo =334 mod 811=% tflxljbxl 6gt ; / Wcogl tfl codczcd|mew
ylxl ixb|qld co jb|x gbfbxtw% k cw m gbe|ko zlgtbx bj dcklowcbo &=44 =# /
Tb lwtckmtl tfl lxxbx gbkqbolotw bj tfl wtx|gt|xme kbdle cee|wtxmtld hs l}|mtcbow
&4/3#% &4/=1# mod &4/==#% tfl lelklotw bj k mxl jct tb m qmxmkltlx zlgtbx % wb tfmt
& #j;k % & #j tm`lw tfl jbxk bj l}|mtcbow &4/=8#% &4/=7#% &4/=4#% mod &4/= & # P & #[ P & #[) D j j ; k Y k % yflxl Y cw m
qbwctczl dljcoctl ylciftcoi kmtxcv/ Kcock|k dcwtmogl lwtckmtbx gfbbwlw tb
kcockcwl tfl dcwtmogl j|ogtcbo & #D /
Hmwld bo Gfmkhlxemco &=364#% tfl mwskqtbtcg bqtckme gfbcgl bj Y cw tfl cozlxwl
bj m kmtxcv tfmt gbowcwtlotes lwtckmtlw tfl gbzmxcmogl kmtxcv bj k% yfcgf elmdw tbtfl bqtck|k kcock|k dcwtmogl lwtckmtbx &BKD#/ Fbylzlx% Gemx` &=33:# mod
Metbonc mod Wlime &=334# qxbzcdld Kbotl Gmxeb lzcdlogl tfmt BKD cw hcmwld co
wkmee wmkqelw hlgm|wl bj tfl gbxxlemtcbo hltyllo tfl klmw|xlklot lxxbx co tfl
wlgbod kbklotw mod jbxtf kbklotw/ Cowtlmd% tfls qxbqbwld |wcoi tfl cdlotcts
kmtxcv mw m ylciftcoi kmtxcv/ Tfcw mqqxbmgf% bjtlo gmeeld l}|mees ylciftld
kcock|k dcwtmogl lwtckmtcbo &LYKD#% cozbezlw |wcoi tfl wtmodmxd oboecolmx
elmwt w}|mxlw tb jct & #j tbk / Tfl wmkl qxbgld|xl cw jbeebyld co tfcw qmqlx/
Jbx lwtckmtcoi tfl mwskqtbtcg wtmodmxd lxxbxw bj tfl qmxmkltlx lwtckmtlw% yl mqqes
tfl dletm kltfbd/ Jbeebycoi Gfmkhlxemco &=364#% tfl mwskqtbtcg zmxcmogl+gbzmxcmogl kmtxcv bj tfl lwtckmtld qmxmkltlxw cw bhtmcold jxbk tfl jbeebycoi
jbxk|em>
+= +=MwsZmx ; &I)YI# I) )YZYI&I YI# &4/=9#
yflxl I cw tfl Nmgbhcmo bj tfl txmowjbxkmtcbo & #j lzme|mtld mt ; / I fmw
dcklowcbo & #k
t q mod xmo` q% yflxlk
t cw tfl w|k mgxbww gbfbxtw bj
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=
=
= =
& P % [% P % [# & P % % % [ P % [ P % [#
g
g g
o
cg` cge cgq cg}cg g g g go o
cg` cge cgq cg}c c
d d d d Gbz k ` e k q } k ` e q } k ` e k q }
d d d d ;
; ;
;
%
yflxl =
=
P % % % [
g
g
o
cg cge cgq cg}cg o
cg` cge cgq cg}c
x x x x k ` e q }
d d d d
;
;
;
Tfl zmxcmogl+gbzmxcmogl kmtxcv bj k ymw dlobtld hs Z % yflxl Z cw tfl hebg`dcmibome kmtxcv yfcgf cw gbowtx|gtld jxbk mee tfl
gZ kmtxcglw/
4/:/ Wtxmtlis jbx kbdle wqlgcjcgmtcbo
Tfl gfc+w}|mxld ibbdolww bj jct wtmtcwtcg cw gbkq|tld jbeebycoi Olyls&=36
P & #[ P & #[)j j ; +=k X k
yflxl jbeebyw m gfc+w}|mxld dcwtxch|tcbo yctf dlixllw bj jxlldbk l}|me tb4
=
& =#=44
8
g g
g
t tq q
;
+ ; % ;+= +=X &YZY)# mod +=Y ; C + I&I MI#) I)M /
Tfl kmnbxcts bj tfl lvcwtcoi wt|dclw lwtckmtcoi tfl gbzmxcmogl wtx|gt|xl bj lmxocoiw
|wld tfcw ilolxme jbxk bj wqlgcjcgmtcbo tlwt tb mwwlww tfl ibbdolww bj jct bj tfl
kbdle/ Fbylzlx% co kbwt gmwlw% mee kbdlew fmzl hllo xlnlgtld/ Hm`lx mod Wbebo
&8117#% Hm`lx &=339#% Elmklx &=367# gxctcgc~ld tflwl tsql bj tlwtw jbx wlzlxme xlmwbow/
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=:1
Jci|xl 4/=/ Bzlxmee M|tbgbzmxcmogl Wtx|gt|xl bj Fb|xes Lmxocoiw> Slmxw =334+811=
/1
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=:=
Co mee gb|otxclw% tfl m|tbgbzmxcmoglw dcwqems dcjjlxlot qmttlxow mgxbww gbfbxtw
&Jci|xl 4+M+=% Moolv#% w|qqbxtcoi tfl fsqbtflwcw bj gbfbxt fltlxbilolcts yctf
xlwqlgt tb codczcd|me lmxocoiw dsomkcgw/ Co kbwt gb|otxclw% tfl zmxcmogl bj
lmxocoiw jbx mee gbfbxtw jbeebyw tfl lzbe|tcbo bj tfl bzlxmee zmxcmogl/ Kcvld txlodw
mgxbww gbfbxtw mxl bhwlxzld co Ilxkmos yflxl tfl zmxcmogl cogxlmwld jbx tfl
gbfbxtw hbxo co =34=+=3
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=:8
Jcxwt% tfl gbzmxcmogl lelklotw mxl obt tfl wmkl mt mee emiw/ Tfls dlgxlmwl yctf
tfl emi mt m dlgxlmwcoi xmtl mod gbozlxil ixmd|mees mt m qbwctczl elzle%
w|iilwtcoi tfl qxlwlogl bj m txmowctbxs lelklot% yfcgf cw wlxcmees gbxxlemtld%
mod bj m qlxkmolot codczcd|me gbkqbolot bj lmxocoiw/ Tfl kbwt qbq|emx
wqlgcjcgmtcbo jbx tfl wlxcmees gbxxlemtld tlxk cw tfl MX&=# qxbglww/ Fbylzlx% tfl
jmgt tfmt tfl emi+= m|tbgbzmxcmogl dxbqw tb m emxilx lvtlot gbkqmxld yctf tfl
btflx m|tbgbzmxcmoglw mod tfmt tfl m|tbgbzmxcmoglw mt fcif bxdlxw dlgecol zlxs
webyes w|iilwt tfmt lmxocoiw gmoobt hl kbdleeld wckqes mw m jcxwt+bxdlx
m|tbxlixlwwczl qxbglww/ Tflxljbxl m kbxl gbkqelv MXKM &q% }# qxbglww kcift
hl m hlttlx gfbcgl% yflxl q xlqxlwlotw tfl bxdlx bj tfl m|tbxlixlwwczl qxbglww
mod } tfl bxdlx bj tfl kbzcoi mzlxmil qxbglww/
Wlgbod% mw tfl m|tbgbzmxcmoglw mod klmo lmxocoiw zmxs bzlx tfl wmkqel
qlxcbd% tfls gmoobt hl mww|kld tb hl wtmtcbomxs bzlx wmkqel qlxcbd/ Tfl
wtmtcbomxcts mww|kqtcbo ymw tlwtld mod xlnlgtld |wcoi tfl kltfbdbebiscotxbd|gld hs KmG|xds &=368#/ Bol yms tb gmqt|xl tfcw jlmt|xl cw tb
cogbxqbxmtl qlxcbd wqlgcjcg qmxmkltlxw% klmocoi tfmt tfl qlxkmolot codczcd|me
gbkqbolot mod tfl txmowctbxs gbkqbolot bj lmxocoiw mxl meebyld tb zmxs yctf
tckl/
Tfcxd% mw m|tbgbzmxcmoglw zmxs yctf mil gbotxbeecoi jbx tfl qlxcbd ljjlgt% tfls
gmoobt hl mww|kld tb hl wtmtcbomxs bzlx tfl ecjl gsgel/ Tfcw obo+wtmtcbomxcts
gmo hl gmqt|xld hs kbdleecoi tfl qlxkmolot codczcd|me gbkqbolot mw xmodbk
yme` mod"bx xmodbk ixbytf co mil/
Emwtes% tfl zmxcmogl gbzmxcmogl wtx|gt|xl mqqlmxw tb hl gbfbxt wqlgcjcg% yfcgf
gmo hl cogbxqbxmtld hs qmxmkltlxw tfmt meeby tfl qlxkmolot mod txmowctbxs
gbkqbolotw tb zmxs hltyllo gbfbxtw/
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4/6/ Xlw|etw bj gbzmxcmogl wtx|gt|xl lwtckmtcbo
4/6/=/ Lxxbx gbkqbolot kbdle lwtckmtcbo xlw|etwTfl ilolxme wqlgcjcgmtcbo bj tfl lxxbx gbkqbolot kbdle b|tecold co wlgtcbo 4/
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=:4
Tmhel4/8/Lxxbx+GbkqbolotwKbdlewjbxEbiXlmeFb|xesLmxocoiw
I
lxkmos
X
IMX=
Dlokmx`
XYMX=
Oltflxemodw
XIMX=
Hleic|k
QCMX=
Jxmogl
QCMX=
E|vlkhb|xi
QCMX=
\@
XIMX=
Qmxmk/
WL
Qmxmk/
WL
Qmxmk
WL
Qmxmk
WL
Qmxmk
WL
Qmxmk
WL
Qmxmk
WL
QlxkmolotGbkqbolot
Lvq&lwtckmtl#;8
9/8:13
1/16:9
1/1196
1/8:
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=: tfl zmxcmogl bj coctcme gbodctcbow cogxlmwlw bzlx tfl ecjlgsgel mod dlgxlmwlw mt
tfl lod/ Tfl bqqbwctl fbedw jbx Jxmogl% yflxl tfl bedlwt mod tfl sb|oilwt gbfbxtw
fmzl tfl fciflwt coctcme zmxcmoglw/
Co Ilxkmos mod Oltflxemodw tfl qmttlxo bj tfl fltlxbw`ldwtcg coctcme gbodctcbow
xlgbxdw m wfmxq dxbq jbx tfl wlgbod sb|oilwt gbfbxt% mo cogxlmwl jbx tfl wlgbod
bedlwt mod m wkmee dxbq jbx tfl bedlwt gbfbxt/ Co Dlokmx`% Hleic|k% Cxlemod mod
Ixllgl% tfl zmxcmogl bj coctcme gbodctcbow xlgbxdw mo cogxlmwl jbx tfl wlgbod
sb|oilwt gbfbxt% m dxbq jbx tfl wlgbod bedlwt mod mo cogxlmwl jbx tfl bedlwt gbfbxt/
Tfl kmioct|dl bj tfl m|tbxlixlwwczl qmxmkltlx zmxclw hltyllo gb|otxclw/ M emxil
m|tbxlixlwwczl qmxmkltlx% yfcgf w|iilwtw tfmt wfbg`w mxl qlxwcwtlot% cw xlgbxdld co
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847
Wqmco yctf 8:/3, bj m wfbg` wtcee qxlwlot mjtlx 6 slmxw% co Qbxt|ime yctf 6/
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844
gebwles tfl lzbe|tcbo bj tfl mgt|me zmxcmogl% gbojcxkcoi tfl jct bj tfl gb|otxs
kbdlew% codcgmtld hs tfl eby w|k bj w}|mxl xlwcd|mew/ Jci|xl
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84
=17 Wll Kmg|xds&=368% qmil 38"37#
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7=4
81
81 41
41
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
= = 8 8 =
8=
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8= = 8 8 =
418 8
8=
& # & #
P [ P & # &= 8 #[ 1 41
P [ P & # &= 8 #[ 1 41%
t
m t
t
m
cgt cgt cgt
m
g t g t ct t
m
g t | g t ct t
|
m
Zmx S L x x
Zmx z cj t jbx m
Zmx z cj t jbx m
yflxl
;
;
; ;
; + + + + + ?
; + + + + + ? ?
;
&:/=4#
81
81 41
41
8 8 8 8 8
= = 8 8 8 =
8=
8 8 8 8 8
= = 8 8 8 =
8 8
& # & #
P [ P & % #[ 1 * = 41
P [ P & % #[ 1 * = 41
t w
m
m
cgt cgt w cgt cgt w
m
g t g t t w ct ct w t w
m
g t g t t w ct ct w t w
m
Gbz S S L x x
Gbz z z cj t w jbx m
Gbz z z cj t w jbx m
yflxl
;
; ;
; + + ? ?
; + + ? ? ?
;
8=
t wm
;
&:/=
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7=
=///
g
cgt
cgt
d
d
;
cgd
yflxlcgt
d cw mo codcgmtbx zmxcmhel tfmt cw l}|me tb = cj tfl codczcd|me jxbk gbfbxt g
cw qxlwlot co slmx t bj tfl qmole modg
t cw tfl tbtme eloitf bj tfl qmole jbx lmgf
gbfbxt/ Wckcemxes% tfl zlgtbx gbotmcocoi tfl gbfbxt lmxocoiw xlwcd|mew gmo hl
xlqxlwlotld mw jbeebyw>
=/
//
g
cgt
cgt
x
x
;
cgX
yflxlcgt
x mxl tfl lmxocoiw xlwcd|mew jbx codczcd|me chleboicoi tb gbfbxt g co slmx t
co klmo dlzcmtcbo jbxk jbx lmgf gbfbxt mod slmx/ Tfl lelklotw bj tflcg
X
gbxxlwqbodcoi tb kcwwcoi slmxw mxl wlt tb 1/ Tfl zmxcmogl+gbzmxcmogl kmtxcv bj tfl
lmxocoiw cw gbkq|tld wlqmxmtles jbx lmgf gbfbxt%g
G / Tfl lelklotw bj tfl zmxcmogl+
gbzmxcmogl kmtxcv jbx gbfbxt g% gG % yfcgf cw bj dcklowcbo & #g gt t
mxl gbkq|tldjbeebyw>
=
=
P % [
g
g
o
cg` cgecg o
cg` cgec
x xk ` e
d d
;
;
;
&:/=9#
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7=:
yflxlg
o cw tfl tbtme o|khlx bj codczcd|mew co gbfbxt g% % p=%///% {g
` e t; /
Gbojbxkmhes yctfg
k %gc
k xlqxlwlot tfl dcwtcogt lelklotw bj tfl codczcd|me gxbww+
qxbd|gt kmtxcv)
cg cgX X / Tflo=
=
P % [
P % [
g
g
o
gccg o
cg cgec
k ` e
k ` e d d
;
;
;
/
Tfl kmtxcvg
G cw wskkltxcg yctf& =#
& =#8
g gt t +
dcwtcogt lelklotw/ Eltg
Zlgf&G #
hl m gbe|ko zlgtbx bj dcklowcbo& =#
& =#8
g gt t + yfcgf wtmg`w mee tfl lelklotw bj
tfl zmxcmogl gbzmxcmogl kmtxcvg
G jbxgbfbxt g/ Tfl miixlimtl zlgtbx bj kbklotw
jbx mee gbfbxtw cw dlobtld hs>T T T
= 4k ; &Zlgf&G # % ///% Zlgf&G # # % yfcgf cw m
gbe|ko zlgtbx bj dcklowcbo7:
=
& =#& =# & =#
8
g g
g
t tO
;
+ ; / Co tfcw qmqlx% O;4::6/
Tb lwtckmtl tfl lxxbx gbkqbolotw bj tfl wtx|gt|xme kbdle cee|wtxmtld hs l}|mtcbow
&:/3#+&:/=8#% tfl lelklotw bj k mxl jct tb m qmxmkltlx zlgtbx % wb tfmt & #j;k %
& #j tm`lw tfl jbxk bj l}|mtcbow &:/=7# + &:/=:#/ Kcock|k dcwtmogl lwtckmtcbo
xl}|cxlw kcockcwcoi tfl ylciftld w|k bj tfl w}|mxld dcwtmogl hltyllo tfl mgt|me
gbzmxcmoglw & k # mod m j|ogtcbo bj tfl qmxmkltlx zlgtbx & & #j # yfcgflogmqw|emtlw tfl gbzmxcmogl wtx|gt|xl ckqecld hs tfl lxxbx gbkqbolot kbdle/
Tflxljbxl% kcock|k dcwtmogl lwtckmtcbo cozbezlw tfl jbeebycoi }|mdxmtcg jbxk>
& # P & #[ P & #[) D j j ; k Y k % yflxl Y cw m qbwctczl dljcoctl ylciftcoi
kmtxcv/ Kcock|k dcwtmogl lwtckmtbx gfbbwlw tb kcockcwl tfl dcwtmogl j|ogtcbo& #D /
Hmwld bo Gfmkhlxemco &=364#% tfl mwskqtbtcg bqtckme gfbcgl bj Y cw tfl cozlxwl
bj m kmtxcv tfmt gbowcwtlotes lwtckmtlw tfl gbzmxcmogl kmtxcv bj k%yfcgf elmdw tbtfl bqtck|k kcock|k dcwtmogl lwtckmtbx &BKD#/ Fbylzlx% Gemx` &=33:# modMetbonc mod Wlime &=334# qxbzcdld Kbotl Gmxeb lzcdlogl tfmt BKD cw hcmwld co
wkmee wmkqelw hlgm|wl bj tfl gbxxlemtcbo hltyllo tfl klmw|xlklot lxxbx co tfl
wlgbod kbklotw mod jbxtf kbklotw/ Cowtlmd% tfls qxbqbwld |wcoi tfl cdlotcts
kmtxcv mw m ylciftcoi kmtxcv/ Tfcw mqqxbmgf% bjtlo gmeeld l}|mees ylciftld
kcock|k dcwtmogl lwtckmtcbo &LYKD#% cozbezlw |wcoi tfl wtmodmxd oboecolmx
elmwt w}|mxlw tb jct & #j tbk / Tfl wmkl qxbgld|xl cw jbeebyld co tfcw qmqlx/
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7=9
Jbx lwtckmtcoi tfl mwskqtbtcg wtmodmxd lxxbxw bj tfl qmxmkltlx lwtckmtlw% C mqqes
tfl dletm kltfbd/ Jbeebycoi Gfmkhlxemco &=364#% tfl mwskqtbtcg zmxcmogl+
gbzmxcmogl kmtxcv bj tfl lwtckmtld qmxmkltlxw cw bhtmcold jxbk tfl jbeebycoi
jbxk|em>
+= +=MwsZmx ; &I)YI# I) )YZYI&I YI# &:/=6#
yflxl I cw tfl Nmgbhcmo bj tfl txmowjbxkmtcbo & #j lzme|mtld mt ; / I fmw
dcklowcbo & #k
t q mod xmo` q% yflxlk
t cw tfl w|k mgxbww gbfbxtw bj
& =#& =#
8
g gt t +
mod q cw tfl o|khlx bj qmxmkltlxw/ Y cw tfl cdlotcts kmtxcv mod
Z tfl kmtxcv bj jb|xtf wmkqel kbklotw/
Gfmkhlxemco &=364# wfbyld tfmt |odlx wbkl jmcxes ilolxme xli|emxcts mww|kqtcbow%tfl codlqlodlogl bj
cgX ckqeclw tfmt tfl wmkqel klmo bj
gck fmw mo mwskqtbtcg
obxkme dcwtxch|tcbo . .& % #g g gk O k Z % yflxl.
gk cw tfl lvqlgtmtcbo bj gck %
klmocoi tfl tx|l gbzmxcmogl kmtxcv bj lmxocoiw% mod .gZ cw tfl zmxcmogl+
gbzmxcmogl kmtxcv% yfcgf gmo hl lwtckmtld gbowcwtlotes hs gbkq|tcoi tfl wmkqel
kbklot kmtxcv bj tflg
Zlgf&G # zlgtbx%g
Z / Tfl lelklotw bj tfl zmxcmogl
gbzmxcmoglg
Z gmo hl yxcttlo mw jbeebyw>
=
= =
& P % [% P % [# & P % % % [ P % [ P % [#
g
g g
o
cg` cge cgq cg}cg g g g go o
cg` cge cgq cg}c c
d d d d Gbz k ` e k q } k ` e q } k ` e k q }
d d d d
;
; ;
;
%
yflxl =
=
P % % % [
g
g
o
cg` cge cgq cg}cg o
cg` cge cgq cg}c
x x x x k ` e q }
d d d d
;
;
;
Tfl zmxcmogl+gbzmxcmogl kmtxcv bj k ymw dlobtld hs Z % yflxl Z cw tfl hebg`
dcmibome kmtxcv yfcgf cw gbowtx|gtld jxbk mee tflg
Z kmtxcglw/
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7=6
:/
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7=3
bj jxlldbk/ Tfl EX tlwt tm`lw tfl jbeebycoi jbxk> ebi X
\
WWL EX O
WWL; / \odlx tfl
o|ee fsqbtflwcw% EX cw jbeebyw m gfc+w}|mxl dcwtxch|tcbo yctf d/b/j l}|me tb tfl
o|khlx bj xlwtxcgtcbow = 8` `
/ Tb tlwt hltyllo obo+olwtld kbdle% C |wl HCG modMCG gxctlxcbo/
8` `O OWWL l WWL O
MCG bx HCG O O
; ;
Tfl wkmeelx tfl zme|l bj HCG mod MCG mxl tfl hlttlx tfl jct cw/ Tfl dcjjlxlogl hltyllo tfl tyb cw tfmt HCG cogbxqbxmtlw m fciflx qlomets jbx mddctcbome
qmxmkltlxw tfmo MCG mod cw xlgbkklodld mw tfl jcxwt gfbcgl/
:/:/Tfl dsomkcg m|tbgbzmxcmogl wtx|gt|xl bj fb|xes lmxocoiw
Tb hlico yctf% ct cw cojbxkmtczl tb fmzl m dlwgxcqtcbo bj tfl dsomkcg wtx|gt|xl bj
codczcd|me ebi fb|xes lmxocoiw/ Tfl m|tbgbzmxcmogl wtx|gt|xl bj lmxocoiw cw
gbkq|tld jbx lmgf gbfbxt% mddcoi |q tb 4::6 wmkqel kbklotw/ Tfl m|tbgbzmxcmogl
wtx|gt|xl hs gbfbxtw cw dcwqemsld co Jci|xl :/ tfl ebylwt
zme|lw mxl xlgbxdld hs tfl sb|oilwt gbfbxtw% jbeebyld hs tfl bedlwt gbfbxtw mod
emwtes hs tfl kcddel+mil gbfbxtw/
Jbx mee gbfbxtw% mee emiw m|tbgbzmxcmoglw wfby m wckcemx qmttlxo mw tfl zmxcmogl/
Tfls mxl qbwctczl mod lzbezl qmxmeele yctf tfl zmxcmogl/ Tfl dcwtmogl hltyllo
m|tbgbzmxcmoglw mt gbowlg|tczl emiw jmeew mt m dlgxlmwcoi xmtl/ Tfl hciilwt jmee cw
xlicwtlxld hs tfl emi+= m|tbgbzmxcmogl% mjtlx yfcgf tfl gbzmxcmoglw mqqlmx tb
gbozlxil ixmd|mees mt m qbwctczl elzle/ Zmxcmoglw xljelgt hbtf tfl qlxkmolot mod
tfl txmowctbxs gbkqbolotw bj lmxocoiw% yflxlmw fciflx bxdlx gbzmxcmoglw xljelgt
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tfl qlxkmolot gbkqbolot bj lmxocoiw/ Tflxljbxl% jbx mee gbfbxtw% tfl lzbe|tcbo bj
gbzmxcmoglw% mt mee bxdlxw% w|iilwtw tfl qxlwlogl bj m qlxkmolot codczcd|me
gbkqbolot bj ymilw mod m txmowctbxs gbkqbolot yfcgf cw wlxcmees gbxxlemtld/ Co
mddctcbo% tfl kmioct|dl bj tfl eboilx emi gbzmxcmoglw xlemtczl tb tfl zmxcmoglw cw
fciflx tfl bedlx tfl gbfbxt/
Bol qbwwchel lvqemomtcbo jbx tflwl txlodw cw iczlo hs tfl tflbxs bo kmtgfcoi
kbdlew% yfcgf w|wtmcow tfmt tfl kbxl lvqlxclogl mo codczcd|me mgg|k|emtlw% tfl
kbxl cojbxkmtcbo cw xlzlmeld bo tfl codczcd|mew mhcects/ &Nbzmobzcg% =393#
Tflxljbxl% qlxkmolot ymil dcwqlxwcbo mod ckqecgctes bzlxmee col}|mects yctfco m
gbfbxt cw lvqlgtld tb xcwl mw tfl gbfbxt milw/
Tb ebb` mt tfl ecjl gsgel ljjlgtw kbxl gelmxes ct cw olglwwmxs tb gbotxbe jbx tfl qlxcbd
ljjlgt yfcgf cw qxlwlot co tfl yctfco+gbfbxt gbzmxcmoglw/ Tf|w C `llq slmx gbowtmot
mod cee|wtxmtl tfl ecjl gsgel m|tbgbzmxcmoglw hs mil/ Jci|xl :/: qxlwlotw tflzmxcmogl+gbzmxcmogl wtx|gt|xl hs mil jbx tfl wlelgtld slmxw/
Mee emiw m|tbgbzmxcmoglw bj ebi xlme ixbww fb|xes lmxocoiw wfby m wckcemx qmttlxo mw
tfl zmxcmogl/ Tfls mxl qbwctczl mod lzbezl qmxmeele yctf tfl zmxcmogl% mt dcjjlxlot
xmtlw bzlx tfl ecjl gsgel/ Tfls xcwl wfmxqes bzlx tfl ecjl gsgel |otce tfl emtl 71w mod
lmxes 41w% mjtlx yfcgf tfls fmzl m xmtflx wtmhel lzbe|tcbo |q |otce emtl
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78=
Jci|xl
:/=341=39C
otflelilod%twtmodwjbxtfllmgf
slmxdcwqemsldbotflfbxc~botmem
vcwbjlmgfixmqf/
/=/=
8/9/2019 D.M. Sologon, 2010
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788
Jci|xl
:/
Jcxwt% tfl gbzmxcmogl lelklotw mxl obt tfl wmkl mt mee emiw/ Tfls dlgxlmwl yctftfl emi mt m dlgxlmwcoi xmtl mod gbozlxil ixmd|mees mt m qbwctczl elzle%
w|iilwtcoi tfl qxlwlogl bj m txmowctbxs lelklot% yfcgf cw wlxcmees gbxxlemtld%
mod bj m qlxkmolot codczcd|me gbkqbolot bj lmxocoiw/
Wlgbod% mw tfl m|tbgbzmxcmoglw mod klmo lmxocoiw zmxs bzlx tfl wmkqel
qlxcbd% tfls gmoobt hl mww|kld tb hl wtmtcbomxs bzlx wmkqel qlxcbd/ Tfl
wtmtcbomxcts mww|kqtcbo ymw tlwtld mod xlnlgtld |wcoi tfl kltfbdbebis
cotxbd|gld hs KmG|xds &=368#/
Tfcxd% mw m|tbgbzmxcmoglw zmxs yctf mil gbotxbeecoi jbx tfl qlxcbd ljjlgt% tflsgmoobt hl mww|kld tb hl wtmtcbomxs bzlx tfl ecjl gsgel/
Emwtes% tfl zmxcmogl+gbzmxcmogl wtx|gt|xl mqqlmxw tb hl gbfbxt wqlgcjcg/
Jci|xl :/:/ Ecjlgsgel M|tbgbzmxcmoglw jbx Wlelgtld Slmxw > =366% =338% =33:% 8111% 8114Obtl> Co tfl elilod% t wtmodw jbx tfl lmgf mil dcwqemsld bo tfl fbxc~botme mvcw bj lmgf ixmqf/
1/1
8/9/2019 D.M. Sologon, 2010
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784
:/9/Xlw|etw bj Gbzmxcmogl Wtx|gt|xl Lwtckmtcbo
:/9/=/ Lxxbx gbkqbolot kbdle lwtckmtcbo xlw|etwTb cozlwtcimtl tflwl qmttlxow kbxl jbxkmees% C qxbglld tb tfl IKK lwtckmtcbo bj
tfl lmxocoiw dsomkcgw kbdle dlwgxchld co Wlgtcbo :/
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78 Hmwld bo tfl qmxmkltlxw lwtckmtlw dcwqemsld co Tmhel :/7 Hmwl Kbdle/
Tfcw qmttlxo codcgmtlw tfmt tfl qlxwcwtlot col}|mects cogxlmwlw bzlx tfl ecjlgsgel% h|t
mt m dckcocwfcoi xmtl/ Flogl% yctfco m gbfbxt% tfl qlxwcwtlot zmxcmogl cogxlmwlw yctf
mil |otce mil 41% xlkmcocoi mt tfl wmkl elzle tflxlmjtlx/ Tfl wmkl xlw|et cw mewb
jb|od hs Dcg`low &8111h# jbx tfl \@ hltyllo =39< mod =33 Hmwld bo tfl qmxmkltlxw lwtckmtlw dcwqemsld co Tmhel :/7 Hmwl Kbdle/
1/11
1/1=
1/18
1/171/14
1/1 tfl qlxkmolot gbkqbolot qemsw m emxilx xlemtczl xbel co lmxocoiw dcjjlxlotcmew
tfl bedlx cw tfl gbfbxt/ Tfcw cw lvqlgtld iczlo tfmt sb|oilx gbfbxtw lvqlxclogl
fciflx lmxocoiw zbemtcects tfmo bedlx gbfbxtw d|l tb tlkqbxmxs gbotxmgtw/ Tfl
gbfbxtw hbxo hltyllo =397 mod =39 Hmwld bo tfl qmxmkltlxw lwtckmtlw dcwqemsld co Tmhel :/7 Hmwl Kbdle/
J|xtflx bo% Tmhel :/7 &hmwl kbdle# xlqbxtw tfl lwtckmtld qmxmkltlxw jbx tfl
txmowctbxs gbkqbolot% yfcgf xlzlme tfmt tfl coctcme gbfbxt+wqlgcjcg zmxcmoglw% tfl
1
8
4
:
6
=1
1
1/8
1/41/:
1/6
=
=/8
=341 =34< =3
8/9/2019 D.M. Sologon, 2010
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789
MXKM&=%=# qxbglww% tfl mil+hmwld fltlxbw`ldmgtcg txmowctbxs wfbg`w mjtlx mil 81%
tfl tckl mod gbfbxt+wqlgcjcg ebmdcoi jmgtbxw gbotxch|tl wciocjcgmotes tb lmxocoiw
zbemtcects co E|vlkhb|xi/
Tfl qmttlxo bj tfl lwtckmtlw bj tfl gbfbxt+wqlgcjcg coctcme zmxcmoglw% yfcgf gmqt|xltfl mgg|k|emtcbo bj tfl txmowctbxs qxbglww |q tb tfl wtmxt bj tfl wmkqel qlxcbd jbx
lmgf gbfbxt cw cee|wtxmtld co Jci|xl :/=1> tfl bedlx tfl gbfbxt tfl fciflx tfl coctcme
zmxcmogl/ Tfl qmttlxo lzbezlw kbobtbocgmees mw m \+wfmql |otce tfl gbfbxt hbxo co
=346% mod yctf wqc`lw jbx tfl bedlwt gbfbxt/ Tfl lwtckmtld coctcme zmxcmoglw jbx tfl
gbfbxtw hbxo co =3:6 tfxb|if =39< wfby fby tfl mgg|k|emtcbo bj tfl txmowctbxs
qxbglww gfmoild jbx tfl 81+slmx+bed bzlx tfl qlxcbd/ Tfl zmxcmogl lwtckmtl kbxl
tfmo db|held jxbk =366 &gbfbxt =3:6# tb =33< &gbfbxt =39 Hmwld bo tfl qmxmkltlxw lwtckmtlw dcwqemsld co Tmhel :/7 Hmwl Kbdle/
Olvt% Tmhel :/7 &hmwl kbdle# wfbyw tfl lwtckmtlw bj tfl MXKM&=%=# qxbglww/ Tfl
emxil m|tbxlixlwwczl qmxmkltlx% 1/3:4 ; % w|iilwtw tfmt wfbg`w mxl qlxwcwtlot%
mod tfl olimtczl wcio bj 1/81: ; ckqeclw tfmt tfl m|tbgbzmxcmoglw dlgecol
1/1111
1/1=11
1/1811
1/1711
1/1411
1/1
8/9/2019 D.M. Sologon, 2010
346/411
786
wfmxqes bzlx tfl jcxwt qlxcbd% gbojcxkcoi tfl txlodw bhwlxzld co tfl dlwgxcqtcbo bj
tfl m|tbgbzmxcmogl wtx|gt|xl bj lmxocoiw/ Tfl lwtckmtlw w|iilwt tfmt 9 Hmwld bo tfl qmxmkltlxw lwtckmtlw dcwqemsld co Tmhel :/7 Hmwl Kbdle/
=19Tmhel :/7 &hmwl kbdle#
1/1111
1/1811
1/1411
1/1:11
1/1611
1/=111
1/=811
81 87 8: 83 78 7< 76 4= 44 49
8/9/2019 D.M. Sologon, 2010
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783
Jcomees% C xlqbxt tfl lwtckmtlw bj tfl qlxcbd mod gbfbxt+wqlgcjcg ebmdcoi jmgtbxw jbx
tfl txmowctbxs gbkqbolot/ Jbx cdlotcjcgmtcbo% tfl jmgtbx ebmdcoiw jbx =366 mod jbx
tfl gbfbxt hbxo co =341 ylxl obxkmec~ld tb |octs/ Tfl qmttlxo bj tfl slmx+wqlgcjcg
ebmdcoi jmgtbxw cw gmqt|xld co Jci|xl :/6% yfcgf cee|wtxmtl m kbobtbocg dlgxlmwl
bzlx tfl qlxcbd/ Tf|w tfl xlemtczl wfmxl bj tfl txmowctbxs gbkqbolot mqqlmxw tbdlgxlmwl bzlx tfl wmkqel qlxcbd/ Tfl dczlxilogl bhwlxzld co tfl txlodw bj tfl tckl
jmgtbx ebmdcoi bj tfl tyb gbkqbolotw &Jci|xl :/6#% w|iilwt tfmt tfl wtx|gt|xme
emhb|x kmx`lt gfmoilw jmzb|xld m xcwl co tfl xlt|xow tb w`ceew bzlx tckl mod m
dlgxlmwl co lmxocoiw cowtmhcects/
Jci|xl :/3 gmqt|xlw tfl qmttlxo bj tfl gbfbxt+wqlgcjcg ebmdcoi jmgtbxw jbx tfl
txmowctbxs lmxocoiw% yfcgf xlzlmew tfmt lmxocoiw zbemtcects cw fciflx jbx sb|oilx
gbfbxtw% gbojcxkcoi tfl qmttlxo bhwlxzld co tfl dsomkcg dlwgxcqtcbo bj tfl
m|tbgbzmxcmogl wtx|gt|xl bj lmxocoiw% yflxl m|tbgbzmxcmoglw ylxl jb|od tb hlebylx jbx sb|oilx gbfbxtw/ Tfcw cw lvqlgtld% iczlo tfl kbxl jxl}|lot nbh gfmoilw
mod elww wtmhel lmxocoiw bj sb|oilx ybx`lxw/ M wckcemx txlod ymw bhtmcold hs
Wbebibo mod B)Dbobif|l &8113m% 8113h# jbx E|vlkhb|xi/
B|x hmwl kbdle olwtw mod lvtlodw kbwt bj tfl wqlgcjcgmtcbo |wld co tfl \W%
Gmomdcmo% mod L|xbqlmo wt|dclw/ Tfl wt|dclw hmwld bo xlemtczles wkmee+wgmel qmole
w|xzlsw ckqbwld bjtlo lgbobkcgmees ckqem|wchel xlwtxcgtcbow/ C tlwtld yfltflx
wbkl bj tflwl xlwtxcgtcbow fbed co ks dmtm/ Tfl Ymed tlwt mod tfl q+ zme|lw jbx
tlwtcoi tflwl xlwtxcgtcbow mxl xlqbxtld co Tmhel :/8/
Tmhel :/8/ Ymed tlwtw bj kbdle xlwtxcgtcbow co tfl hmwl kbdle
Xlwtxcgtcbo 8Dlixllw bj
jxlldbkQ+zme|l
&=#8= 88 41
8 8 8/// 1 ; ; ; ;
&ob xmodbk yme`#
=178:/:718 7= 1/111=
&8#8= 88 41
8 8 8 8/// ; ; ; ;
&ob mil+wqlgcjcg coobzmtcbo zmxcmogl#
84:7/7744 8= 1/111=
&7#= 8 7 41% 1% 1% 1 ; ; ; ;
&ob mil+xlemtld fltlxbw`ldmwtcg txmowctbxs wfbg`w#
83:7/433 4 1/111=
Wbkl wt|dclw mww|kld myms tfl fltlxbilolcts co lmxocoiw ixbytf xmtlw mod"bx tfl
lvcwtlogl bj lmxocoiw wfbg`w yctf qlxkmolot ljjlgtw/ Hmg`lx mod Wbebo &8117# mod
Xmkbw &8117# ylxl mhel tb cogbxqbxmtl hbtf co tfl qlxkmolot gbkqbolot/ Ks
kbdle% fbylzlx cogbxqbxmtlw boes tfl xmodbk yme` qxbglww% mw m wqlgcjcgmtcbo yctf
8/9/2019 D.M. Sologon, 2010
348/411
771
hbtf gbkqbolotw elmdw tb cdlotcjcgmtcbo qxbhelkw jbx tyb qmxmkltlxw bj tfl
xmodbk ixbytf kbdle/
C lvtlodld tfl wqlgcjcgmtcbo bj tfl qlxkmolot gbkqbolot tb jbeeby m xmodbk yme`
qxbglww yctf mil+wqlgcjcg coobzmtcbo zmxcmoglw |otce mil 41% mod m xmodbk ljjlgtwkbdle yctf tfl dcwtxch|tcbo bj tfl ljjlgtw jcvld mt tfmt ckqecld hs tfl xmodbk yme`
tflxlmjtlx/ Tflwl jlmt|xlw ylxl cogbxqbxmtld boes hs Dcg`low &8111h# jbx tfl \@/
Mobtflx wt|ds yfcgf dcd m wckcemx mttlkqt cw I|wtmzwwbo &8114h#% h|t fl
gbowtxmcold tfl coobzmtcbo zmxcmogl tb hl tfl wmkl jbx tyb mdnmglot milw hltyllo
86 mod tfl q+zme|l jbx tfl
Ymed tlwt cw 1/111=% gelmxes xlnlgtcoi tfl o|ee fsqbtflwcw co tfl E|vlkhb|xicwf
dmtm/
Co bxdlx tb wll tfl ckqecgmtcbow bj ckqbwcoi wbkl bj tflwl xlwtxcgtcbow bo tfl
col}|mects dlgbkqbwctcbo% C lwtckmtld m xlwtxcgtld kbdle% yflxl tfl qlxkmolot
gbkqbolot jbeebyw m wtmodmxd xmodbk yme` co mil yctf tfl zmxcmogl bj tfl jcxwt
qlxcbd wfbg` mt mil 81 jcvld mt 1% mod tfl txmowctbxs gbkqbolot jbeebyw mo
MXKM&=%=# qxbglww yctf gbfbxt+wqlgcjcg coctcme zmxcmoglw% yctf tckl mod gbfbxt
ebmdcoi jmgtbxw bo hbtf gbkqbolotw/ Tfl lwtckmtcbo xlw|etw mxl dcwqemsld co Tmhel
:/7% gbe|kow 4+:/
8/9/2019 D.M. Sologon, 2010
349/411
77=
Tmhel :/7/ Lxxbx Gbkqbolot Kbdle Lwtckmtlw
Hmwl kbdleXlwtxcgtld Kbdle
Xmodbk Yme` MXKM&=%=#Qlxkmolot Gbkqbolot Lvq&Lwtckmtl# Lwtckmtl WL Lvq&Lwtckmtl# Lwtckmtl WL
8
81
lvq& #lwtckmtl
; 1/1=88 +4/4=17 1/1:6=
8
lvq& #lwtckmtl
; 1/111= +6/349= 1/167=
8
8=lvq& #lwtckmtl
; 1/116< +4/9918 1/1::6
8
88lvq& #lwtckmtl
; 1/1=1: +4/
8/9/2019 D.M. Sologon, 2010
350/411
8/9/2019 D.M. Sologon, 2010
351/411
777
=%=3
8/9/2019 D.M. Sologon, 2010
352/411
774
8
1%=344lvq& #lwtckmtl ; 1/17:3 +7/7111 1/=844 1/14:6 +7/1:87 1/=:38
8
1%=34 &c# bj tfl |ocbo dlowcts% tfl dlixll bj gbxqbxmtcwk m wtxboilx
xld|gcoi ljjlgt jbx mo cotlxkldcmtl elzle tfmo jbx m fcif elzle +% tfl tmv yldil mod
tfl qxbd|gt kmx`lt xli|emtcbo bo qlxkmolot col}|mects0 &cc# bj tfl |ocbo dlowcts
mod tfl dlixll bj gbxqbxmtcwk bo txmowctbxs col}|mects0 mod &ccc# bj tfl |ocbo
dlowcts mod tfl dlixll bj gbxqbxmtcwk m wtxboilx xld|gcoi ljjlgt jbx mo
cotlxkldcmtl elzle tfmo jbx m fcif elzle + bo lmxocoiw ckkbhcects/
Tfl jcodcoiw jbx tfl ljjlgt bj |ocbo dlowcts zmecdmtl b|x fsqbtflwlw> |ocboc~mtcbo
xld|glw qlxwcwtlot lmxocoiw dcwqmxctclw mod lmxocoi cowtmhcects% mod lofmoglw
lmxocoiw kbhcects/ Tf|w yl xlcojbxgl tfl lvcwtcoi lzcdlogl tfmt m fcif |ocbodlowcts cw |w|mees mwwbgcmtld yctf m eby bzlxmee lmxocoiw col}|mects% yfcgf xlw|etw
jxbk gemckw jbx fcif ymilw mod lmxocoiw wtmhcects jbx gbzlxld ybx`lxw &Gmxd%
Elkcl|v% Xcddlee% 81170 BLGD% 8114#/
\ocbow mjjlgt ymil dcwqlxwcbo codcxlgtes% kmcoes tfxb|if tflcx ckqmgt bo txmcocoi
mod kcock|k ymil/ Hs jbxgcoi lkqebslxw tb qxbzcdl txmcocoi tb tflcx lkqebsllw%
tfls cogxlmwl tfl lkqebsllw f|kmo gmqctme mod mdmqtmhcects tb oly tlgfobebiclw
&Mifcbo mod Yceecmkwbo 811=#/ Tf|w |ocboc~mtcbo cogxlmwlw lkqebsllw
bqqbxt|octs tb ckqxbzl tflcx qbwctcbo co tfl qlxkmolot lmxocoiw dcwtxch|tcbo/Flogl qlxkmolot lmxocoiw col}|mects gmo hl xld|gld mt mos iczlo xmtl bj tlgfocgme
gfmoil &Mifcbo mod Yceecmkwbo 811=#/
Fbylzlx% wckcemxes yctf bzlxmee col}|mects &Jbxtco mod Elkcl|v =339#% tflxl mxl
qbtlotcme bjjwlttcoi ljjlgtw/ Lzlo cj |ocbow dlgxlmwl yctfco+ixb|q lmxocoiw
dcwqmxctclw% tfls kms wtcee cogxlmwl hbtf bzlxmee txmowctbxs mod qlxkmolot
col}|mects hs cogxlmwcoi ymil dcjjlxlotcmew hltyllo tfbwl |ocboc~ld mod obo+
|ocboc~ld/ Tf|w% tfl ckqmgt bj |ocboc~mtcbo dlqlodw mewb bo tfl ymil imq
hltyllo |ocboc~ld mod obo+|ocbocwld ybx`lxw/ B|x jcodcoiw hxcoi lzcdlogl tfmt
yflo tfl bzlxmee cowtct|tcbome jxmklybx` cw l}|mects"kbhcects+jxclodes% tflqbtlotcme bjjwlttcoi ljjlgtw bj |ocboc~mtcbo bo ymil dcjjlxlotcmew kms hl xld|gld "
gmogleeld/
Jbx tfl dlixll bj gbxqbxmtcwk% tfl jcodcoiw mxl boes qmxtcmees co ecol yctf b|x
tflbxltcgme lvqlgtmtcbow/ Yl gbojcxk tfmt m fcif gbxqbxmtcwk jmzb|xw m ebylx
qlxwcwtlot mod txmowctbxs col}|mects gbkqmxld yctf eby gbxqbxmtcwk/ M fcif
dlixll bj gbxqbxmtcwk% klmocoi m zlxs glotxmec~ld mod gbbxdcomtld hmximcocoi
wswtlk cw mwwbgcmtld yctf m gbkqxlwwld ymil wtx|gt|xl mgxbww }|mecjcgmtcbo elzlew
8/9/2019 D.M. Sologon, 2010
389/411
79=
hlgm|wl ct cw lvqlgtld tb lvge|dl eby w`ceeld ybx`lxw jxbk tfl emhb|x kmx`lt
&Gmekjbxw% =337#/ M eby dlixll bj gbxqbxmtcwk% klmocoi m dlglotxmec~ld ymil
hmximcocoi mt tfl jcxk elzle cw lvqlgtld tb qxlzlot lvglwwczl ymil gemckw wcogl tfcw
yb|ed elmd tb m ebww bj kmx`lt wfmxlw tb gbkqltctbxw yctf dltxcklotme ljjlgtw bo
lkqebsklot/ Tfcw ckqeclw tfmt ymilw mxl elww |ocjbxkes dcwtxch|tld% klmocoi tfmttflxl cw m fciflx dcwqlxwcbo co tfl xlt|xow tb w`ceew mod co lmxocoiw zmxcmhcects
&Hmwwmococ mod D|zme 811:#/
Fbylzlx% cowtlmd bj tfl lvqlgtld f|kq+wfmqld xlemtcbowfcq hltyllo tfl dlixll bj
gbxqbxmtcwk mod qlxwcwtlot mod txmowctbxs col}|mects% yl jcod m \+wfmqld qmttlxo
yctf qlxkmolot col}|mects mod m olimtczl xlemtcbowfcq yctf txmowctbxs col}|mects/
Gbowcwtlot yctf b|x lvqlgtmtcbow% yl jcod tfmt mo cotlxkldcmtl gbxqbxmtcwk jmzb|xw
tfl fciflwt kbhcects/ Gbotxmxs tb b|x lvqlgtmtcbow yl jcod tfmt m fcif gbxqbxmtcwk
jmzb|xw m fciflx lmxocoiw kbhcects gbkqmxld yctf eby gbxqbxmtcwk/ Tfl qbtlotcmelvqemomtcbo kms hl tfmt |odlx m fcif gbxqbxmtcwk% lvqlgtld tb lvge|dl eby w`cee
ybx`lxw jxbk tfl emhb|x kmx`lt% tfl xlkmcocoi ybx`lxw fmzl m fciflx bqqbxt|octs
tb ckqxbzl tflcx ecjltckl lmxocoiw qbwctcbo/
Tfl zmecdcts bj b|x fsqbtflwcw tfmt tfl tmv yldil xld|glw tfl f|kmo gmqctme qxcgl%
mod tf|w xld|glw qlxwcwtlot col}|mects cw gbojcxkld/
QKX cw jb|od tb xld|gl qlxwcwtlot dcjjlxlotcmew% co ecol yctf b|x lvqlgmtcbow/ Tfl
ljjlgt bj QKX bo qlxwcwtlot col}|mects% fbylzlx% dlqlodw mewb bo tfl ymil imq
hltyllo xli|emtld mod obo+xli|emtld wlgtbxw/ B|x jcodcoiw qxbzcdl lzcdlogl tfmttfl kbxl l}|mects+jxclodes tfl bzlxmee jxmklybx` cw% tfl qbtlotcmees bjjwlttcoi ljjlgt
bj QKX d|l tb tfl ymil imq hltyllo xli|emtld"obo+xli|emtld wlgtbxw cw xld|gld/
Bzlxmee% b|x jcodcoiw wfby tfmt qlxkmolot col}|mects mod txmowctbxs col}|mects mxl
dltlxkcold kmcoes hs tfl cowtct|tcbome wlttcoi% yfcgf ycql b|t hbtf tfl dcxlgt mod
cotlxmgtcbo ljjlgtw bj tfl kmgxb wfbg`w/ Tfcw w|iilwtw tfmt tfl bzlxmee cowtct|tcbome
wtx|gt|xl kmomilw tb jcetlx b|t mee dcxlgt mod codcxlgt ljjlgt bj tfl kmgxb wfbg`w/
Flogl% co wfmqcoi qlxkmolot mod txmowctbxs col}|mects qmttlxow% obt tfl codczcd|me
cotlxmgtcbow hltyllo wfbg`w mod lmgf cowtct|tcbo gb|ot% h|t fby cowtct|tcbowcotlxmgt yctf lmgf btflx co dlmecoi yctf tfl ljjlgtw bj tflwl wfbg`w/ Yl cdlotcjcld
kbxl wciocjcgmot cowtct|tcbome dcxlgt mod codcxlgt ljjlgtw jbx qlxkmolot col}|mects%
wcio tfmt tfl cowtct|tcbome jmgtbxw qems m emxilx xbel co wfmqcoi qlxkmolot tfmo
txmowctbxs col}|mects/ Tfl boes wtmod+mebol jmgtbx yfcgf cw ljjlgtczl co xld|gcoi bx
eckctcoi tfl cogxlmwl bj qlxkmolot col}|mects |odlx co tfl ckqmgt bj
kmgxblgbobkcg wfbg`w cw tfl fcif dlixll bj gbxqbxmtcwk/
8/9/2019 D.M. Sologon, 2010
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8/9/2019 D.M. Sologon, 2010
391/411
797
Tf|w yl kms gboge|dl tfmt qbtlotcme gbkqelklotmxs jmgtbxw co `llqcoi qlxwcwtlot
col}|mects mod lmxocoiw cowtmhcects eby% mww|xcoi mt tfl wmkl tckl m fcif dlixll bj
lmxocoiw kbhcects cw m fcif |ocbo dlowcts% m fcif gbxqbxmtcwk% m eby LQE%
dlzlebqld mgtczl emhb|x kmx`lt qxbixmkklw% ilolxb|w |olkqebsklot hloljctw%
dlxli|emtld qxbd|gt kmx`lt mod m xlemtczles fcif tmv yldil/
M fcif |ocbo dlowcts gb|qeld yctf m fcif gbxqbxmtcwk cw lvqlgtld tb jmzb|x m
gbkqxlwwld ymil wtx|gt|xl mod lmxocoiw wtmhcects jbx gbzlxld ybx`lxw% mww|xcoi mt
tfl wmkl tckl cogxlmwcoi f|kmo gmqctme mod mdmqtmhcects tb oly tlgfobebiclw jbx
tfl gbzlxld ybx`lxw tfxb|if txmcocoi &Mifcbo mod Yceecmkwbo 811=#/ Tf|w tflwl
gb|qeld ljjlgtw fmzl tfl qbtlotcme tb cogxlmwl tfl lkqebsllw bqqbxt|octs tb
ckqxbzl tflcx qbwctcbo co tfl qlxkmolot lmxocoiw dcwtxch|tcbo/
Jbeebycoi Gm~lw mod Olwqbxbzm &8117#% tfl mxi|klot mimcowt tfl lkqebsklot
qxbtlgtcbo elicwemtcbo &LQE# cw ctw `ls xbel co ilolxmtcoi emhb|x kmx`lt xcicdcts mw ctcogxlmwlw tfl gbwt bj fcxcoi mod bj emsbjjw% mod gbowl}|lotes ebylxw emhb|x
t|xobzlx/ Flogl ct kms xld|gl tbtme lkqebsklot/ Kbxlbzlx% tfl eby t|xobzlx cw
lvqlgtld tb mjjlgt kmcoes ybx`lxw yctf tlkqbxmxs gbotxmgtw% hlgm|wl tfls fmzl m
ylm`lx qxbtlgtcbo co tfl emhb|x kmx`lt/ Tf|w% tfl qbtlotcme gbwt bj m wtxcgtlx LQE cw
tfl ycdlocoi dcjjlxlotcmew hltyllo tfbwl gbzlxld hs tfl LQE yfb lonbs xli|emx
nbhw mod tfbwl obo+gbzlxld yfb fmzl cxxli|emx nbhw% |olkqebsld nbhwll`lxw> tfl
jbxklx hloljct jxbk tlo|xl cogxlmwlw yctf mil mod tf|w dlgxlmwcoi ec`lecfbbd bj nbh
ebww% yflxlmw tfl emttlx lvqlxclogl tfl bqqbwctl/ Kbxlbzlx tfl gbwt bj LQE cw
m|iklotld co qlxcbdw bj fcif lgbobkcg zbemtcects% yflo cxxli|emx nbhw tlod tbcogxlmwl mt tfl lvqlowl bj xli|emx nbhw/ \odlx tfcw wglomxcb% tm`coi cotb mggb|ot tfl
dcjjlxlotcmew hltyllo gbzlxld mod obo+gbzlxld ybx`lxw% m wtxcgt LQE cw lvqlgtld tb
cogxlmwl qlxkmolot col}|mects% txmowctbxs col}|mects mod ymil ckkbhcects% co ecol
yctf b|x jcodcoiw/
Mgtczl Emhb|x Kmx`lt Qxbixmkw &MEKQ#% yfcgf tsqcgmees gbowcwt bj nbh qemglklot
wlxzcglw mod emhb|x kmx`lt qxbixmkklw w|gf mw nbh+wlmxgf% zbgmtcbome txmcocoi bx
fcxcoi w|hwcdclw kms xld|gl qlxkmolot lmxocoiw dcjjlxlotcmew mod lmxocoiw
zbemtcects% cogxlmwcoi mt tfl wmkl tckl tfl bqqbxt|octs bj tfl z|eolxmhel ixb|qw tbmdzmogl co tfl dcwtxch|tcbo bj ecjltckl lmxocoiw% hs ckqxbzcoi tfl ljjcgclogs bj tfl
nbh kmtgfcoi qxbglww mod hs lofmogcoi tfl ybx` lvqlxclogl mod w`ceew bj tfl kbwt
z|eolxmhel ixb|qw/ Tfl ljjlgtw bj tfl MEKQw% fbylzlx% dlqlod bo tfl btflx emhb|x
kmx`lt qbecgclw mod cowtct|tcbow> l/i/ m wtxcgt LQE cw lvqlgtld tb dmkqlo tfl ljjlgt
bj mgtczl emhb|x kmx`lt qbecgclw mckld tb xlcotlixmtl tfl |olkqebsld cotb tfl
emhb|x kmx`lt &Hmwwmococ mod D|zme% 811:h% 811:m#/ Ilolxb|w MEKQw cogxlmwl tfl
lkqebsmhcects bj tfl z|eolxmhel ixb|qw mod tfl eby LQE jmgcectmtlw tflcx emhb|x
kmx`lt xlcotlixmtcbo/
8/9/2019 D.M. Sologon, 2010
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794
Flogl% jxbk m qbecgs qbcot bj zcly% mo cogxlmwl co MEKQ gb|qeld yctf m eby bx
dlgxlmwcoi LQE yfcgf jmgcectmtlw tfl emhb|x kmx`lt xlcotlixmtcbo bj tfl z|eolxmhel
ixb|qw kms hl m qxbkcwcoi qmtf tbymxdw cogxlmwcoi tflcx f|kmo gmqctme% xld|gcoi
tflcx lmxocoiw z|eolxmhcects% mod xld|gcoi ecjltckl lmxocoiw dcjjlxlotcmew/
Kbxlbzlx% mw mxi|ld hs Hmwwmococ mod D|zme &811:h% 811:m#% dlzlebqld MEKQw mxl
lvqlgtld tb xld|gl tfl mdzlxwl ljjlgt bj ilolxb|w |olkqebsklot hloljctw bo
lkqebsklot mod ckqecgct ymilw% tf|w xld|gcoi qlxwcwtlot mod txmowctbxs
dcjjlxlotcmew% mww|xcoi mt tfl wmkl tckl m fcif bqqbxt|octs tb kbzl co tfl ecjltckl
lmxocoiw dcwtxch|tcbo/ Kbxl ilolxb|w |olkqebsklot hloljctw xlqxlwlot coglotczlw
obt tb mgglqt eby+qmcd nbhw/ Tf|w tfls ckqxbzl tfl nbh+kmtgfcoi mod tfls cogxlmwl
tfl ec`lecfbbd bj m kbxl wtmhel lkqebsklot mod lmxocoiw qmttlxow/
Qxbd|gt kmx`lt dlxli|emtcbo gb|qeld yctf fcif |ocboc~mtcbo mod m fcif
gbxqbxmtcwk mqqlmxw tb jmzb|x m xld|gtcbo co qlxwcwtlot mod txmowctbxs col}|mects%mod mo cogxlmwl co lmxocoiw kbhcects/ Tf|w yl kms gboge|dl tfmt m fcif
|ocboc~mtcbo mod gbxqbxmtcwk wfb|ed gbkqelklot tfl qxbglww bj dlxli|emtcbo co
bxdlx tb `llq qlxwcwtlot col}|mects mod lmxocoiw zbemtcects eby% mod tb mww|xl mt tfl
wmkl tckl m fcif kbhcects/
Wckcemxes% m fcif tmv yldil mqqlmxw tb hl mo ljjcgclot tbbe co xld|gcoi qlxwcwtlot
dcjjlxlotcmew% tf|w jbx xld|gcoi ecjltckl lmxocoiw dcjjlxlotcmew/
^bbkcoi co qbtlotcme gbowl}|loglw bj dxmkmtcg emhb|x kmx`lt wtx|gt|xme
gfmoilw jbx tfl wtx|gt|xl bj lmxocoiw col}|mects
Mw m emwt wtlq% |wcoi =9 slmxw bj mdkcocwtxmtczl dmtm% C ~bbkld co mod dlgbkqbwld
tfl ixbytf co lmxocoiw col}|mects cotb qlxkmolot mod txmowctbxs gbkqbolotw co tfl
L\ gb|otxs yfcgf |odlxylot tfl kbwt dxmkmtcg emhb|x kmx`lt wtx|gt|xme gfmoilw
d|xcoi tfl emwt dlgmdlw E|vlkhb|xi/ Tfl txmowctcbo jxbk mo cod|wtxcme lgbobks
tb bol dbkcomtld hs tfl tlxtcmxs wlgtbx yfcgf xleclw flmzces bo tfl gxbww+hbxdlx
ybx`lxw eld tb mo cogxlmwl co lmxocoiw col}|mects hltyllo =366 mod 8114% yfcgf
xljelgtw cogxlmwcoi eboi+x|o &qlxkmolot# dcjjlxlotcmew hltyllo codczcd|mew
mggbkqmocld hs dlgxlmwcoi lmxocoiw kbhcects% klmocoi dlgxlmwcoi bqqbxt|octs jbx
eby ymil codczcd|mew bj ckqxbzcoi tflcx cogbkl qbwctcbo co m ecjltckl qlxwqlgtczl/
Tf|w% co E|vlkhb|xi% gxbww+wlgtcbome col}|mects kms hl lvmglxhmtld co m ecjltckl
qlxwqlgtczl/
Tflwl xlw|etw xlgbojcxk tfl txlodw qxldcgtld co Gfmqtlx 4 jbx E|vlkhb|xi hltyllo
=33< mod 811=% |wcoi LGFQ/ Hlwcdlw tfl kltfbdbebicgme mdzmoglklotw% tfl zme|l
mddld bj Gfmqtlx : gbkqmxld yctf Gfmqtlx 4 xlwcdlw co tfl qxldcgtld txlodw hljbxl
8/9/2019 D.M. Sologon, 2010
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79 W|cwwl > Fmxybbd Mgmdlkcg
Q|hecwflxw/
Hml`immxd% Fmow /8118/ Kbdleecoi tfl Dsomkcgw bj tfl Dcwtxch|tcbo bj Lmxold
Cogbkl% OMTWLK/
Hm`lx% Kcgfmle/ =339/ Ixbytf+xmtl fltlxbilolcts mod tfl gbzmxcmogl wtx|gt|xl bjecjl+gsgel lmxocoiw/Nb|xome bj Emhbx Lgbobkcgw% = Xlmwwlwwcoi Tfl Xbel bj Qbecgclw Mod Cowtct|tcbow/ BLGD
Lgbobkcgw Wt|dclw% 48/
Hmwwmococ% M/% mod D|zme% X/ 811:h/ Lkqebsklot Qmttlxow Co BLGD Gb|otxclw>Xlmwwlwwcoi Tfl Xbel Bj Qbecgclw Mod Cowtct|tcbow/ BLGD Lgbobkcgw
Dlqmxtklot Ybx`coi Qmqlxw% 46:/
Hlomhb|% X% mod B`% L/ M/ 811=/ Kbhcects mod qxbixlwwczcts> xmo`coi cogbkl
qxbglwwlw mggbxdcoi tb l}|mects bj bqqbxt|octs/ OHLX Ybx`coi Qmqlx% 647=/
Hlxtbem% I/% Hem|% J/% mod @mfo% E/ 8118/ Emhbx Kmx`lt Cowtct|tcbow mod
Dlkbixmqfcg Lkqebsklot Qmttlxow/ OHLX Ybx`coi Qmqlx 3147/
8/9/2019 D.M. Sologon, 2010
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793
Hemogfmxd% B/ =333/ L|xbqlmo |olkqebsld> tfl xbel bj wfbg`w mod cowtct|tcbow Qmqlx
qxlwlotld mt tfl Hmjjc Elgt|xl/
Hx|`fm|wlx% Xcgfmxd Z/% Fbet~+Lm`co% Db|iemw% mod Xfbds% Wtlqflo L/ =336/
Kbhcects mod col}|mects co tfl =361w> m gxbww+omtcbome gbkqmxcwbo bj tfl\octl Wtmtlw mod Ilxkmos/ Co Nlo`cow% @mqtlso modZmo Qxmmi &Ldw/#% Tfl
dcwtxch|tcbo bj ylejmxl mod fb|wlfbed qxbd|gtcbo &qq/ ===+=9
Gmkhxcdil \oczlxwcts Qxlww/
Hx|`fm|wlx% Xcgfmxd Z/% mod Qb|qbxl% Nbfo I/ =339/ M gxbww+omtcbome gbkqmxcwbo
bj qlxkmolot col}|mects co tfl \octld Wtmtlw mod Ilxkmos/ Xlzcly bj
Lgbobkcgw mod Wtmtcwtcgw% 93% =1+=9/
Gmqqleemxc% Ebxlo~b/ 8117/ Tfl dsomkcgw mod col}|emcts bj Ctmecmo klo)w lmxocoiw/
Tfl Nb|xome bj F|kmo Xlwb|xglw% VVVCV/
Gmxd% Dmzcd% Elkcl|v% Tfbkmw mod Xcddlee% Y/ Gxmci/ 8117/ \ocboc~mtcbo mod
Ymil Col}|mects> M Gbkqmxmtczl Wt|ds bj Tfl \W% Tfl \@ mod Gmomdm/
OHLX Ybx`coi qmqlx% 3497/
Glxzcoc% Kbxceem% mod Xmkbw% Vmzclx/ 811:/ Qlxkmolot mod Txmowctbxs Lmxocoiw
Col}|emcts co Wqmco% =337+8111/ Qmqlx qxlwlotld mt tfl LMEL 811:/
Gfbel~mw% Cbmoocw % mod Twm`ebieb|% Qmobw 8116/ Lmxocoiw col}|mects co L|xbql>
wtx|gt|xl mod qmttlxow bj cotlx+tlkqbxme gfmoilw/ C^M Dcwg|wwcbo Qmqlxw%
Ob/ 8:7:/
Gemx`% Tbdd L/ =33:/ Wkmee wmkqel qxbqlxtclw bj lwtckmtbxw bj obo+ecolmx kbdlew bj
gbzmxcmogl wtx|gt|xl/Nb|xome bj H|wcolww mod Lgbobkcg Wtmtcwtcgw% =4% 7:9+797/
Gxllds% N/ =336/ Tfl Dsomkcgw bj Col}|mects mod Qbzlxts/ Obxtfmkqtbo> Ldymxd Leimx
Q|hecwfcoi Eckctld/
Gxllds% N/% mod Yceflek% K/ 8118/ Cogbkl Kbhcects% Col}|mects mod Wbgcme Ylejmxl/
M|wtxmecmo Lgbobkcg Qmqlxw% 4=&8#% =41+=
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761
Dcg`low% Xcgfmxd/ 8111h/ Tfl lzbe|tcbo bj codczcd|me kmel lmxocoiw co Ixlmt
Hxctmco> =39 Cowtct|tl jbx Wbgcme Xlwmxgf%
\oczlxwcts bj Kcgfcimo/
LCXBoecol/ fttq>""yyy/l|xbjb|od/l|xbqm/l|"lcxb"gb|otxsRcodlv/ftk/
Jcledw% Imxs W/ 8116/ Dblw cogbkl kbhcects l}|mec~l eboilx+tlxk cogbklw2 Oly
klmw|xlw bj mo bed gboglqt/ Mzmcemhel mt>fttq>""ybx`w/hlqxlww/gbk"imxsRjcledw"87
Jcledw% Imxs W/% Elmxs% Nlwwl% mod B`% Ljl/ 8117/ Wtbgfmwtcg dbkcomogl co kbhcects
momeswcw/ Lgbobkcg Elttlxw% 9 mo
cotxbd|gtcbo tb tfl ectlxmt|xl/ Co Wcehlx &Ld/#% Fmodhbb` bj Cogbkl Col}|mects
Klmw|xlklot/ Hbwtbo> @e|ylx Mgmdlkcg Q|hecwfcoi/
Jbxtco% Ocgbel K/% mod Elkcl|v% Tfbkmw/ =339/ Cowtct|tcbome Gfmoilw mod Xcwcoi
Ymil Col}|mects> Cw tflxl m Eco`mil2 Tfl Nb|xome bj Lgbobkcg Qlxwqlgtczlw%
==&8#% 9 \oczlxwcts bj Gfcgmib Qxlww mod
OHLX/
Jxllkmo% Xcgfmxd H/ =39 Mgmdlkcg Qxlww/
Jxllkmo% Xcgfmxd H/% mod @mt~% Emyxlogl J/ =334/ Xcwcoi ymil col}|mects> tfl
\octld Wtmtlw zw/ btflx mdzmogld gb|otxclw/ Co Jxllkmo &Ld/#% Ybx`coi
|odlx dcjjlxlot x|elw &qq/ 83+:8#/ Oly Sbx`> X|wwle Wmil Jb|odmtcbo/
Jxcldkmo% K/ =3:8/ Gmqctmecwk mod Jxlldbk/ Gfcgmib> \oczlxwcts bj Gfcgmib Qxlww/
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76=
Jxcldkmo% Kcetbo% mod @|~oltw% Wckbo/ =3 lgbobkcg kbhcects co
Wyldlo co gbkqmxc~bo yctf tfl \octld Wtmtlw/ Wbgcme Wgclogl Xlwlmxgf % =9+4:/
Ibttwgfme`% Qltlx% mod Wklldcoi% Tckbtfs K/ =339/ Gxbww+omtcbome gbkqmxcwbow bj
lmxocoiw mod cogbkl col}|mects/ Nb|xome bj Lgbobkcg Ectlxmt|xl% 7 =33=>=333(/ Co (Lkqcxcgme Lwwmsw bo Lmxocoiw
Col}|mects(> Qf/D/ Dcwwlxtmtcbo% \qqwmem \oczlxwcts/
I|wtmzwwbo% Kmio|w/ 8114h/ Txlodw co tfl txmowctbxs zmxcmogl bj lmxocoiw>
lzcdlogl jxbk Wyldlo =3:1+=331 mod m gbkqmxcwbo yctf tfl \octld Wtmtlw/
\qqwmem \oczlxwcts Ybx`coi Qmqlxw% Ob/ ==/
Fm|wl% Nbfo G/ =399/ Tfl gbzmxcmogl wtx|gt|xl bj lmxocoiw mod bo+tfl+nbh txmcocoi
fsqbtflwcw/Moomew bj Lgbobkcg mod Wbgcme Klmw|xlklot% 77
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767
Kbjjctt% Xbhlxt% mod Ibttwgfme`% Qltlx/ 8116/ Txlodw co tfl txmowctbxs zmxcmogl bj
kmel lmxocoiw co tfl \/W/% =391+8114/ Hbwtbo Gbeelil Ybx`coi Qmqlxw% Ob/ :39/
BLGD/ =33:/ Lmxocoiw col}|mects% eby qmcd lkqebsklot mod lmxocoiw kbhcects/ Co
Lkqebsklot B|tebb` &qq/ BLGD/BLGD/ =339/ Lmxocoiw kbhcects> tm`coi m eboilx zcly/ Co Lkqebsklot B|tebb`/ Qmxcw>
BLGD/
BLGD/ 8114/ Gfmqtlx 8/ Lkqebsklot Qxbtlgtcbo Xli|emtcbo mod Emhb|x Kmx`lt
Qlxjbxkmogl/ Co Lkqebsklot B|tebb`/ Qmxcw> BLGD/
BLGD/ 811:/ Emhb|x Kmx`lt Qlxjbxkmogl wcogl =334 mod J|t|xl Gfmeeloilw/ Co
Lkqebsklot B|tebb`/
BDbobif|l% Gmtfme/ 811=/ Dsomkcg Kcgxbwck|emtcbo> M W|xzls% Hxm~cecmo
Lelgtxbocg Nb|xome bj Lgbobkcgw/
Qlo% N/ &=39=#/ Cogbkl Dcwtxch|tcbo/ Fmxkbodwybxtf Kv/> Qloi|co Hbb`w/ Qlecgmo
ldctcbo% =394/
Xmkbw% Vmzclx/ =333/ Momtbks bj lmxocoiw kbhcects co Hxctmco> lzcdlogl jxbk
HFQW% =33=+=33 lzcdlogl jxbk LGFQ/ C^M
Dcwg|wwcbo Qmqlxw% Ob/ 41=8&Jlhx|mxs#/
Wbebibo% Dlocwm K/% mod B)Dbobif|l% Gmtfme/ 8113h/ Lmxocoiw dsomkcgw mod
col}|mects co L\% =334+811=/ Xlzcwld mod xlw|hkcttld tb Emhb|x Lgbobkcgw/
" WBLQqmqlxw bo K|etcdcwgcqecomxs Qmole Dmtm Xlwlmxgf% Ob/ =64/ " KIWBI
Ybx`coi Wlxclw&Dlglkhlx#/
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764
Wbebibo% Dlocwm K/% mod B)Dbobif|l% Gmtfme/ 8113g/ L}|mec~coi bx dcwl}|mec~coi
ecjltckl lmxocoiw dcjjlxlotcmew2 Lmxocoiw kbhcects co tfl L\> =334+811=/ C^M
Dcwg|wwcbo Qmqlxw% 4:48&Dlglkhlx#/ " KIWBI Ybx`coi Wlxclw&Dlglkhlx#/ "
WBLQqmqlxw bo K|etcdcwgcqecomxs Qmole Dmtm Xlwlmxgf% Ob/ 8 =334+811=/ C^M
Dcwg|wwcbo Qmqlxw% Ob/ 47==&N|es#/ " KIWBI Ybx`coi Wlxclw&Dlglkhlx#/ "
WBLQqmqlxw bo K|etcdcwgcqecomxs Qmole Dmtm Xlwlmxgf% Ob/ 88=/
Wbebibo% Dlocwm K/% mod B)Dbobif|l% Gmtfme/ 8113n%`%e/ Qbecgs% Cowtct|tcbome Jmgtbxw
mod Lmxocoiw Kbhcects/ C^M Dcwg|wwcbo Qmqlxw% Ob/ 4= Tfl W|qqes+Wcdl
Dltlxkcomotw bj Ymil Col}|mects/ Tfl Nb|xome bj Lgbobkcg Qlxwqlgtczlw%
==&8#%
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76 Dlocwm Kmxcm Wbebibo
L+kmce> dlocwm/wbebiboAkmmwtxcgft|oczlxwcts/oeDmtl mod qemgl bj hcxtf> 4 Kmxgf =36=% Hxmwbz% Xbkmocm
Ilodlx> Jlkmel
Omtcbomects> Xbkmocmo
Xlwlmxgf Cotlxlwtw
Tflklw> ylejmxl mod emhb|x lgbobkcgw% mqqecld lgbobkltxcgw% dsomkcg
kcgxbwck|emtcbo
Qmxtcg|emxw> cogbkl dcwtxch|tcbo dsomkcgw% cogbkl kbhcects% lwtckmtcbo modqxbnlgtcbo bj mil+lmxocoi qxbjcelw mod ecjltckl emhb|x w|qqes |wcoi qmole dmtm
lgbobkltxcgw% ecjltckl cotxm+ilolxmtcbome xldcwtxch|tczl ljjlgtw bj q|hecg qlowcbo
wswtlkw% wtmtcg mod dsomkcg kcgxbwck|emtcbo tlgfoc}|lw
Ld|gmtcbo
Nmo|mxs 81=1> Jcjtf Ycotlx Wgfbbe bo Col}|mects mod Gbeelgtczl Ylejmxl Tflbxs
&CT (Col}|mects co m Dsomkcg Qlxwqlgtczl(% \oczlxwcts bj Zlxbom% Ctmes
Nmo|mxs 8113 N|ol 8113> Zcwctcoi Xlwlmxgf Jleeby% Fmxzmxd \oczlxwcts% Fmxzmxd
@loolds Wgfbbe bj Ibzlxoklot
Kms 8113> C^M W|kklx Wgfbbe% Ilxkmos
N|es M|i|wt 8116> Lwwlv W|kklx Wgfbbe co Lgbobkltxcgw% Tfl \@
N|es 8119> Lwwlv W|kklx Wgfbbe co Lgbobkltxcgw% Tfl \@
N|ol 8119> Ymilocoilo W|kklx Wgfbbe co Lgbobkmtxcgw% Tfl Oltflxemodw
Jlhx|mxs 811> Txmcocoi co kcgxbwck|emtcbo% \GE% tfl \@Wlqtlkhlx 811< > QfD co L|xbqlmo Wbgcme Qxbtlgtcbo Qbecgs% Kmmwtxcgft
\oczlxwcts% Kmmwtxcgft Ixmd|mtl Wgfbbe bj Ibzlxomogl
Wlqtlkhlx 8114 M|i|wt 811 KWg Cotlxomtcbome Kmwtlx co Wbgcme Qbecgs Momeswcw%
@mtfbecl`l \oczlxwctlct El|zlo% El|zlo% Hleic|k/
Wlqtlkhlx 8117 Nmo|mxs 8114> Qlxcbd Mhxbmd% E|od \oczlxwcts% Wyldlo
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73=
Tfl Oltflxemodw &811:#% xlwlmxgflx co tfl LG qxbnlgt bximoc~ld hs Kmmwtxcgft
Ixmd|mtl Wgfbbe bj Ibzlxomogl co gbbqlxmtcb