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Dox-Al Subsidiaries. Doxal Swiss. Doxal France. Doxal Iberica. Doxal Taiwan. Doxal Australia. Dox-Al Distributors. FOODS WHERE TOXIGENIC MOULDS AND THEIR TOXINS MAY BE FOUND. FOODS WHERE TOXIGENIC MOULDS AND THEIR TOXINS MAY BE FOUND. TARGET ORGANS OF SOME MYCOTOXINS. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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C A P T E X
C A P T E X
C A P T E X
C A P T E X
Doxal Swiss
Doxal Iberica
Doxal France
Doxal Taiwan
Doxal Australia
C A P T E X
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C A P T E X
FOODS WHERE TOXIGENIC MOULDS AND THEIR TOXINS MAY BE FOUND
Fungal species
Toxin Foods which may be contaminated
Aspergillus
Flavus
Aflatoxins Corn, peanuts, copra
Aspergillus parasiticus
Aflatoxins Some nuts
Fusarium moniliforme
Fumonisins Corn
Fusarium graminearum
Trichothecenes zearalenone
Wheat, corn
Claviceps purpurea
Ergot alkaloide Rye
Penicillium verrucosum
Ochratoxins barley
C A P T E X
C A P T E X
FOODS WHERE TOXIGENIC MOULDS AND THEIR TOXINS MAY BE FOUND
Fungal species
Toxin Foods which may be contaminated
Penicillium expansum
Patulin Apples, pears
Penicillium crustosum
Penitrem A Bread, feeds
Fusarium sporotrichioides
T-2 Rye, barley
Phomopsis letostomiformis
Phomopsin Lupin seed
Stachybotrys spp. Stachytrytoxins Feeds
C A P T E X
C A P T E X
TARGET ORGANS OF SOME MYCOTOXINS
Mycotoxin Target
Aflatoxin Liver
Ochratoxin A Kidney
Zearalenone Female genital tract
C A P T E X
C A P T E X
MAXIMUM LIMITS OF AFLATOXINS
IN FOODS (ASIA) (µ/kg)
China 50
Hong kong 20 (Peanuts/peanut products)
India 30
Japan 10
Malaysia 10
Philippines 20
Singapore Absence
Sri lanka 30 (ground nuts, oil-seed, flour and cereals
Thailand 20
C A P T E X
C A P T E X
Minimum aw for growth of toxigenic mould species
Minimum aw for growth
Aspergillus ochraceus 0.78
Penicillium verrucosum 0.79
Aspergillus flavus 0.80
Fusarium moniliforme 0.87
Stachybotrys atra 0.94
C A P T E X
C A P T E X
Temperature range for growth of toxigenic mould species
Min. Opt. Max
°C °C °C
Penicillium verrucosum 0 20 31
Aspergillus ochraceus 8 28 37
Aspergillus flavus 10 32 42
(aflatoxin formation) 12 25 37
Fusarium moniliforme 3 25 37
Wang et al. (2003) - Asian Pork Magazine
C A P T E X
C A P T E X
MYCOTOXIN CONCENTRATIONS IN
COMPLETE FEED IN CHINA
FEED AF FUMONISIN OTA T-2 DON ZEA
% positive samples
100 92 94 100 100 100
Av. Concentration (ppb)
8.27 1020 12.75 41.23 600 83.96
(in house data, 2004)
C A P T E X
C A P T E X
MYCOTOXIN CONCENTRATIONS IN
COMPLETE FEED IN EUROPE (600 samples from 12 countries)
FEED AF FUMONISIN OTA T-2 DON ZEA
% positive samples
91 74 65 46 84 65
Av. Concentration (ppb)
6 115 26 35 415 165
Vopato I. Bizzini B. -1998 Italian Project M.S.T./09/96
C A P T E X
C A P T E X
INDIVIDUAL EFFECT OF AFLATOXIN IN RATS
• 3.5mg aflatoxins (AF)kg of diet
• Male rats of 3 week of age, for 28 days.
• Body weight gains were reduced 28%
• FCR –18%
• Increased weights of both kidney, heart
• Decreased serum concentrations of total protein, albumin and inorganic phosphorus.
• Increased concentrations of creatinine.
Vopato I. Bizzini B. -1998 Italian Project M.S.T./09/96
C A P T E X
C A P T E X
Effects of a Modified Hydrated Sodium Calcium Aluminosilicate
on Mycotoxicosis in Rats
• 2 groups: control and captex 0.2%
• Male rats of 3 weeks age
• Diets containing AF 5mg/kg diet
Vopato I. Bizzini B. -1998 Italian Project M.S.T./09/96
C A P T E X
C A P T E X
Vopato I. Bizzini B. -1998 Italian Project M.S.T./09/96
C A P T E X
C A P T E X
Vopato I. Bizzini B. -1998 Italian Project M.S.T./09/96
C A P T E X
C A P T E X
Vopato I. Bizzini B. -1998 Italian Project M.S.T./09/96
C A P T E X
C A P T E X
Vopato I. Bizzini B. -1998 Italian Project M.S.T./09/96
C A P T E X
C A P T E X
Vopato I. Bizzini B. -1998 Italian Project M.S.T./09/96
C A P T E X
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Effects of a Modified Hydrated Sodium Calcium Aluminosilicate on Mycotoxicosis
caused by D.O.N. in Rats
• 2 groups: control and Captex T2 0.2%
• Male rats of 3 weeks age
• DON at 2 mg/kg of diet
Vopato I. Bizzini B. -1998 Italian Project M.S.T./09/96
C A P T E X
C A P T E X
DUODENUM – NO ALTERATIONS
Vopato I. Bizzini B. -1998 Italian Project M.S.T./09/96
C A P T E X
C A P T E X
ILEUM - NO ALTERATIONS
Vopato I. Bizzini B. -1998 Italian Project M.S.T./09/96
C A P T E X
C A P T E X
KYDNEY-NO ALTERATIONS
Vopato I. Bizzini B. -1998 Italian Project M.S.T./09/96
C A P T E X
C A P T E X
LIVER - NO ALTERATIONS
Vopato I. Bizzini B. -1998 Italian Project M.S.T./09/96
C A P T E X
C A P T E X
STOMAC- NO ALTERATIONS
Vopato I. Bizzini B. -1998 Italian Project M.S.T./09/96
C A P T E X
C A P T E X
Effects of a Modified Hydrated Sodium Calcium Aluminosilicate
(Captex T-2) on Mycotoxicosis in Rats
• 2 groups: control and Captex T2 0.2%
• Male rats of 3 weeks age
• T2 at 5 mg/kg diet
Vopato I. Bizzini B. -1998 Italian Project M.S.T./09/96
C A P T E X
C A P T E X
Vopato I. Bizzini B. -1998 Italian Project M.S.T./09/96
C A P T E X
C A P T E X
Vopato I. Bizzini B. -1998 Italian Project M.S.T./09/96
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C A P T E X
Vopato I. Bizzini B. -1998 Italian Project M.S.T./09/96
C A P T E X
C A P T E X
Vopato I. Bizzini B. -1998 Italian Project M.S.T./09/96
C A P T E X
C A P T E X
Vopato I. Bizzini B. -1998 Italian Project M.S.T./09/96
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C A P T E X
Effects of Captex T2 (Modified Hydrated Sodium Calcium
Aluminosilicate enriched with Glucomannans and Chitinase)
on Mycotoxicosis caused by Fumonisin in Rats
• 2 groups: control and Captex T2 0.2%
• Male rats of 3 weeks age
• FB1 3 mg/kg of diet
Vopato I. Bizzini B. -1998 Italian Project M.S.T./09/96
C A P T E X
C A P T E X
ILEUM – NO ALTERATIONS
Vopato I. Bizzini B. -1998 Italian Project M.S.T./09/96
C A P T E X
C A P T E X
KYDNEY – NO ALTERATIONS
Vopato I. Bizzini B. -1998 Italian Project M.S.T./09/96
C A P T E X
C A P T E X
LIVER – NO ALTERATIONS
Vopato I. Bizzini B. -1998 Italian Project M.S.T./09/96
C A P T E X
C A P T E X
STOMAC – NO ALTERATIONS
Vopato I. Bizzini B. -1998 Italian Project M.S.T./09/96
C A P T E X
C A P T E X
DUODENUM – NO ALTERATIONS
Riemschneider J. Chen C.C.- Doxal Italia 's Scientific Panel
C A P T E X
C A P T E X
Effects of CAPTEX T-2 on Aflatoxin toxicity in
chickens (Gallus gallus)• 3 groups (180 birds each) • Standard feed and water ad libitum for 20
consecutive days• Group A: standard blank feed• Group B: standard feed contaminated by 3 ppm
AFLATOXIN• Group C: standard feed contaminated by 3 ppm
Aflatoxin and fortified by 0.3% CAPTEX T-2
Riemschneider J. Chen C.C.- Doxal Italia 's Scientific Panel
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C A P T E X
RESULTS:
Mean individual feed consumption (g/day)
GROUP A 24.7
GROUP B 16.4
GROUP C 23.1
Mean Individual Body weight (g)
GROUP A 344.0
GROUP B 265.4
GROUP C 326.4
Mortality
GROUP A 3 birds: 1.66%
GROUP B 15 birds: 8.33%
GROUP C 3 birds: 1.66%
Riemschneider J. Chen C.C.- Doxal Italia 's Scientific Panel
C A P T E X
C A P T E X
RESULTS:Kidney degeneration
GROUP A None
GROUP B 18 (severe) 7 (mild)
GROUP C 2 (mild)
Bursa fabriciiGROUP A Correct
GROUP B Atrophy in 38 birds
GROUP C Atrophy in 1 bird
Thymus conditionsGROUP A Correct
GROUP B Atrophy in 36 birds
GROUP C Correct
Riemschneider J. Chen C.C.- Doxal Italia 's Scientific Panel
C A P T E X
C A P T E X
RESULTS:
Spleen conditionsGROUP A Correct
GROUP B Depletion of follicles in 19 birds
GROUP C Increase in 1 bird
Liver conditionsGROUP A Correct
GROUP B Hydropic degeneration (25 severe, 21 mild)
GROUP C Hydropic degeneration (6 mild)
Riemschneider J. Chen C.C.- Doxal Italia 's Scientific Panel
C A P T E X
C A P T E X
RESULTS:
Plasmatic calciumGROUP A 2.18 ±0.16 mM/L
GROUP B 1.64 ±0.66 mM/L
GROUP C 2.09 ±0.22 mM/L
Carcass grading GROUP A A1 78% - A2 22%
GROUP B A1 56% - A2 33% - rejected 11%
GROUP C A1 76% - A2 24%
Riemschneider J. Chen C.C.- Doxal Italia 's Scientific Panel
C A P T E X
C A P T E X
DISCUSSION:It has been found that the addition of 3 ppm Aflatoxin to a standard
feed for broilers, caused dramatic lesions to most of the organs of the chicks exposed to the toxin, without any protection (Group B). The lesions found in liver, kidney, spleen, thymus and bursa of Fabricius were significantly more severe in Group B than in Group C.
In fact, in Group C, not only the lesions that were found were of less severity, but, in most of the cases were concentrated to one bird.
Carcasses of birds of Group B showed clear signs of micro-haemorrhages and evident bruises, to the extent that 20 birds were rejected (11%) at Carcass grading. A1 grading in Group B was 28% lower than in Group A and 26% lower than in Group C.
Feed consumption and the final body weight of group C were similar to the ones of Group A.
Group B mortality was 5 times higher than in the other two Groups.
Plasmatic levels of calcium were similar in Groups A and C, while Group B showed a remarkable decrease, thus confirming a direct influence of Aflatoxicosis on calcium metabolism.
Dr. Gautieri and Dr. G. Colajanni
C A P T E X
C A P T E X
TOXINS BINDING CAPACITY OF THREE FEED ADDITIVES
IN VITRO• Each mycotoxin was solved at the level of 50 microgram into 200 ml of methanol, and kept under gentle stirring throughout the test period, in a 250 ml volumetric flask. Seven replicates for each mycotoxin were prepared.
• 100 mcg and 250mcg aliquots of each Clay, Bentonite and CAPTEX-T2 were solved into the flasks, and kept under gentle stirring for 20 minutes; one flask of each mycotoxins was left as blank.
• After 20 minutes, small aliquots were collected from each volumetric flask and then assayed by High Performance Liquid Chromathgraphy, Column Kromasyl, fluorescence detector, excitation 274 nm, flow rate 1 mL/min, emission 440 nm.
Dr. Gautieri and Dr. G. Colajanni
C A P T E X
C A P T E X
Results obtained:
AFLATOXINCLAY AT 100 MCG 7.40 MCG
CLAY AT 250 MCG 2.40 MCG
BENTONITE AT 100 MCG 7.40 MCG
BENTONITE AT 250 MCG 1.00 MCG
CAPTEX-T2 AT 100 MCG 4.05 MCG
CAPTEX-T2 AT 250 MCG 0.00 MCG
BLANK 49.90 MCG
Dr. Gautieri and Dr. G. Colajanni
C A P T E X
C A P T E X
Results obtained:
ZEARALENONECLAY AT 100 MCG 42.60 MCG
CLAY AT 250 MCG 36.60 MCG
BENTONITE AT 100 MCG 27.70 MCG
BENTONITE AT 250 MCG 20.00 MCG
CAPTEX-T2 AT 100 MCG 15.10 MCG
CAPTEX-T2 AT 250 MCG 9.90 MCG
BLANK 49.70 MCG
Dr. Gautieri and Dr. G. Colajanni
C A P T E X
C A P T E X
Results obtained:
FUMONISINCLAY AT 100 MCG 47.48 MCG
CLAY AT 250 MCG 46.10 MCG
BENTONITE AT 100 MCG 44.90 MCG
BENTONITE AT 250 MCG 42.50 MCG
CAPTEX-T2 AT 100 MCG 27.40 MCG
CAPTEX-T2 AT 250 MCG 15.05 MCG
BLANK 49.30 MCG
Dr. Gautieri and Dr. G. Colajanni
C A P T E X
C A P T E X
Results obtained:
D.O.N.CLAY AT 100 MCG 49.20 MCG
CLAY AT 250 MCG 49.10 MCG
BENTONITE AT 100 MCG 49.40 MCG
BENTONITE AT 250 MCG 49.35 MCG
CAPTEX-T2 AT 100 MCG 16.00 MCG
CAPTEX-T2 AT 250 MCG 12.35 MCG
BLANK 50.05 MCG
Dr F Pedrazzini and Dr M Portali
C A P T E X
C A P T E X
TOXINS BINDING CAPACITY OF THREE FEED ADDITIVES
IN VITRO• Each mycotoxin was solved at the level of 50 microgram into 200 ml of methanol, and kept under gentle stirring throughout the test period, in a 250 ml volumetric flask. Seven replicates for each mycotoxin were prepared.
• 100 mcg and 250mcg aliquots of each MYCOSORB , TOXISORB and CAPTEX-T2 were solved into the flasks, and kept under gentle stirring for 20 minutes; one flask of each mycotoxins was left as blank.
• After 20 minutes, small aliquots were collected from each volumetric flask and then assayed by High Performance Liquid Chromathgraphy, Column Kromasyl, fluorescence detector, excitation 274 nm, flow rate 1 mL/min, emission 440 nm.
Dr F Pedrazzini and Dr M Portali
C A P T E X
C A P T E X
Results obtained:
AFLATOXINMYCOSORB AT 100 MCG 6.90 MCG
MYCOSORB AT 250 MCG 3.10 MCG
TOXISORB AT 100 MCG 7.00 MCG
TOXISORB AT 250 MCG 2.95 MCG
CAPTEX-T2 AT 100 MCG 3.60 MCG
CAPTEX-T2 AT 250 MCG 0.20 MCG
BLANK 50.10 MCG
Dr F Pedrazzini and Dr M Portali
C A P T E X
C A P T E X
Results obtained:
ZEARALENONEMYCOSORB AT 100 MCG 37.80 MCG
MYCOSORB AT 250 MCG 35.20 MCG
TOXISORB AT 100 MCG 33.20 MCG
TOXISORB AT 250 MCG 32.80 MCG
CAPTEX-T2 AT 100 MCG 16.10 MCG
CAPTEX-T2 AT 250 MCG 10.45 MCG
BLANK 48.80 MCG
Dr F Pedrazzini and Dr M Portali
C A P T E X
C A P T E X
Results obtained:
FUMONISINMYCOSORB AT 100 MCG 34.50 MCG
MYCOSORB AT 250 MCG 35.20 MCG
TOXISORB AT 100 MCG 43.90 MCG
TOXISORB AT 250 MCG 43.60 MCG
CAPTEX-T2 AT 100 MCG 14.10 MCG
CAPTEX-T2 AT 250 MCG 12.70 MCG
BLANK 46.70 MCG
Dr F Pedrazzini and Dr M Portali
C A P T E X
C A P T E X
Results obtained:
D.O.N.MYCOSORB AT 100 MCG 40.10 MCG
MYCOSORB AT 250 MCG 39.10 MCG
TOXISORB AT 100 MCG 41.30 MCG
TOXISORB AT 250 MCG 40.15 MCG
CAPTEX-T2 AT 100 MCG 17.50 MCG
CAPTEX-T2 AT 250 MCG 10.00 MCG
BLANK 49.50 MCG
M.Veneroni -Doxal Italia s.p.a. Italy C.C.Chen - Hey Ma Company ltd - Hong Kong
C A P T E X
C A P T E X
EFFECT OF THE ADMINISTRATION OF FEED CONTAMINATED BY MYCOTOXINS ON SERUM
Ig CONCENTRATIONS IN YOUNG PIGS
Feed Group IgA IgM
Control 0.39 3.12
ZEN 0.88 5.30
DON 1.16 7.05
ZEN+CAPTEX 0.1 0.45 3.28
ZEN+CAPTEX 0.2 0.32 3.24
DON+CAPTEX 0.1 0.48 4.02
DON+CAPTEX 0.2 0.45 3.38
M.Romasevic-Canovic- A.Takovic - Belgrade Yugoslavia
C A P T E X
C A P T E X
The effect of exchangeable cations in clinoptinolite and montmorillonite on
the adsorption of Aflatoxin B1
Micro Element
Ct (mg/g)
Ca
Ca-rich clinoptilolite
Ca-rich montmorillonite
Cu 2 0.23 0.80
Zn 20 0 0.18
Co 0.16 0.10 0.87
Mn 16 0.03 0.15
C A P T E X
C A P T E X
CAPTEX T2- Composition
• CLINOPTILOLITE
(Modified Aluminosilicate)
• Esterified glucomannans
• Enzymatic complex+ ACETIC ACID
PROPIONIC ACID
Archives of Animal Nutrition 2005 - IN PRESS
C A P T E X
C A P T E X
Reduction of the concentrations of ZON in the supernatant buffer solution by various detoxifying agents in the in vitro
detoxification testZON
PRODUCT MEAN SD
ACTIVATED CARBON 100 0
CHOLESTYRAMINE 94 1
CAPTEX 81 6
Toxisorb 55 1
Mycosorbextra 24 1
Klinosan 20 4
Mycofix PLUS 17 2
BENTONITE 13 12
Fix a Tox 5 1
Likratox 5 2
C A P T E X
C A P T E X
NOT ALL GLUCOMANNANS ARE THE SAME !
• Prior to their inclusion into CAPTEX-T2, Doxal’s Esterified Glucomannans are treated by Chitinase, an enzyme which is able to reduce, dramatically, their chitin content.
• Chitin content is supposed to increase the alkali insolubility of β-glucans and to decrease the cell wall flexibility, so that the toxin molecule has a restricted access to the complexing chemical sites.
The Journal of Food Protection (Volume 67, Number 6, 1 June 2004, pp. 1195-1200(6)) reports an assay carried out by ,Yiannikouris A. et al., which title is: “Adsorption of Zearalenone by -D-Glucans in the Saccharomyces cerevisiae Cell Wall”;
Vopato I. Bizzini B. -1998 Italian Project M.S.T./09/96
C A P T E X
C A P T E X
Glucans and Chitin contents of various sources of
Saccharomyces cerevisiaeYeast Sources Total
Glucans (%)(1.3)-
glucans (%)(1.3)-
glucans (%)Chitin (%)
Saccharomyces cerevisiae 1
13.2 7.2 6.0 9.0
Saccharomyces cerevisiae 2
14.4 7.4 7.0 9.2
Saccharomyces cerevisiae 3
13.5 7.3 6.2 9.1
Saccharomyces cerevisiae 4
13.9 7.6 6.3 10.0
Doxal’s
S.C. 223418.2 7.6 10.6 2.7
C A P T E X
C A P T E X
Thanks
www.doxal.com
DOX-AL ITALIA S.p.A
C A P T E X
C A P T E X
C o n c l u s i o n sOpinion of the Scientific Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed on a request from the Commision on the Safety of the product “BIOMIN BBSH 797” for piglets, pigs for
fattening and chickens for fattening
Safety for the Environment:Eubacteria are found as one of the major groups of bacteria in the digestive tract of livestock and humans and so are naturally occurring within the environment.Although little is known about the specific ecology of strain DSM 11798 it would be expected to behave as any other eubacteria and, as a strict anaerobe, would not be expected to survive in the wider environment.
Safety for the Environment:Eubacteria are found as one of the major groups of bacteria in the digestive tract of livestock and humans and so are naturally occurring within the environment.Although little is known about the specific ecology of strain DSM 11798 it would be expected to behave as any other eubacteria and, as a strict anaerobe, would not be expected to survive in the wider environment.
C A P T E X
C A P T E X European Project
CERTIFOOD
C A P T E X
C A P T E X
NUTRITIONAL GOALS
• Modified yeasts with pre-biotic action and shuttle function
• Organic adesines, of vegetable origin, as competitive substances against pathogens
• Aminoacidic and polyaminoacidic growth promoters
C A P T E X
C A P T E X
BIOLOGICAL GOALS
• IMMUNOLOGIC GROWTH PROMOTERS
• IMMUNO-DETOXICANTS FOR SPECIFIC SUBSTANCES
C A P T E X
C A P T E X
“CLEARANCE OF OCHRATOXIN A BY MEANS OF
ANTI-OCHRATOXIN A ANTIBODIES
IN THE INTOXICATED RAT”
C A P T E X
C A P T E X
PRODUCTION OF
ANTI- OCHRATOXIN
(OTA) ANTIBODIES
C A P T E X
C A P T E X
CONFIRMATION OF
OTA PRESENCE
IN VARIOUS LIQUIDS
C A P T E X
C A P T E X
DECONTAMINATION OF LIQUIDS
C A P T E X
C A P T E X
DETOXICATION
OF ANIMALS
C A P T E X
C A P T E X
MYCOTOXIN LABORATORY
C A P T E X
C A P T E X
OTA CHEMICAL STRUCTURE
C A P T E X
C A P T E X
2) P.Majeus, H.Otteneder. Nachweis und Vorkammen von Ochratoxin A in Wein und Tranbensaft. Deutsche Lebensmittel Rundschan, 1996: 92, 388-390
3) M. Ospital, J-M. Cazabeil, A-M. Betbeder, C. Tricard, E. Creppy, B. Medina – L’Ochratoxine A dans les vinsRev. Franc.Oenologie, 1998: 168
1) B.Zimmerli, R. Dich, Ochratoxin A in table wine and grape-juice: occurrence and risk assessment. Foods additives and contaminants, 1996: 13, 655-668
C A P T E X
C A P T E X
C A P T E X
C A P T E X
Anti-Ochratoxin antibody productionOchratoxin A-BSA conjugate in PBS was
emulsified with Complete Freund’s Adjuvant (CFA) in the ration of 1:1 (vol/vol).
Five rabbits were primed by administering 1mg of emulsified conjugate in 20 sites on both shaven flanks under the volume of 0.1 ml intradermallyy. Rabbits were boostered 21 days later by an intramuscular injection of 0.25 mg conjugate emulsified in Incomplete Freund’s Adjuvant (IFA).
Ten days after the last booster injection blood was harvested by the intracardiac route and the antibody level determined by ELISA.
C A P T E X
C A P T E X
WATER SOLUTION
O T A
ANTIBODY
100% CLEARANCE
25°C
2 h
C A P T E X
C A P T E X
WINE
O T A
ANTIBODY
100% CLEARANCE
290mg/L
745mg/L
25°C
2h
C A P T E X
C A P T E X
•BEER
•SOY SAUCE
•MILK TEMPERATURE?
C A P T E X
C A P T E X
DOXAL ITALIA PATENT
“NOVEL INDUSTRIAL PROCESS FOR FOOD LIQUIDS DECONTAMINATION FROM CHEMICAL AND/OR BIOLOGICAL CONTAMINANTS”
C A P T E X
C A P T E X
Structure of Rat IgG2a
C A P T E X
C A P T E X
16 Wister Rats – 150 g - Male
Control Negative
(C)
Saline Solution
0.3 ml, s.c.
Treated
(T)
Saline Solution
0.3 ml
+ 25mg IgG, s.c.
8 RATS 8 RATS
C A P T E X
C A P T E X
TIME (h) C T
00.3
SALINE
0.3 SALINE
+ 25 mg IgG
2 O T A 22 mcg/head i.m.
C A P T E X
C A P T E X
TIME (h) C (mcg/ml) T (mcg/ml)
2 0.280 0.260
5 0.340 0.200
C A P T E X
C A P T E XGroup 3h 5h 8h 24h 36h
1 0.210 0.340 0.560 0.380 0.260
2 0.260 0.510 0.615 0.415 0.270
3 0.290 0.390 0.600 0.360 0.210
4 0.215 0.360 0.620 0.315 0.220
m4 0.244 0.400 0.599 0.367 0.240
OTA kinetic, in mcg/ml Assay by HPLC
C A P T E X
C A P T E X
0,244
0,4
0,599
0,367
0,24
0,2
0,25
0,3
0,35
0,4
0,45
0,5
0,55
0,6
3 5 8 24 36T I M E
OTA kinetic, in mcg/ml –
Assay by HPLC
C A P T E X
C A P T E X
0,244
0,4
0,599
0,367
0,240,2
0,3
0,4
0,5
0,6
0,7
3 5 8 24 36
OTA kinetic, in mcg/ml –
Assay by HPLC
C A P T E X
C A P T E X
DOXAL ITALIA PATENT
“IgG IMMUNOGLOBULINS AND F (ab’)2 FRANGMENTS THEREOF, SPECIFIC FOR DRUGS AND METABOITES THEREOF, AND THEIR USE
FOR DETOXICATION PURPOSES”
C A P T E X
C A P T E X
Protocol of the test Oral Intoxication
25 mcg OTA/day, for 10 consecutive days.
Toxin has been administered by masking it inside a chocolate
drop. All Groups received the same
amount of toxin.
C A P T E X
C A P T E X
Protocol of the test – Treatment
At the end of the 10th day of intoxication, subjects were treated as follows:
GROUP A- IgG administered orally, 1mg/subject/day, for 5 consecutive days, in a chocolate drop.
GROUP B - IgG administered by i.m. 0.5 mg/subject.
GROUP C – no IgG administration (Control Negative), i.m. injection of physiological solution.
GROUP D - IgG administered by i.m., 1.0mg/subject.
GROUP E – IgG administered by i.c., 0.5mg/subject.
GROUP F – IgG administered by i.p., 0.5mg/subject.
C A P T E X
C A P T E X
C GROUP – Control Negative
T0 T2 T7 T24
C1 0.76
C2 1.18
C3 3.51
C4 2.44
OTA kinetic, expressed in mcg/ml blood, Assayed by HPLC
C A P T E X
C A P T E X
B GROUP – i.m. 0.5 mg
T0 T2 T7 T24
B1 0.81
B2 2.12
B3 1.04
B4 0.11
OTA kinetic, expressed in mcg/ml blood, Assayed by HPLC
C A P T E X
C A P T E X
D GROUP – i.m. 1.0 mg
T0 T2 T7 T24
D1 0.94
D2 1.05
D3 0.82
D4 0.16
OTA kinetic, expressed in mcg/ml blood, Assayed by HPLC
C A P T E X
C A P T E X
E GROUP – i.c. 0.5 mg
T0 T2 T7 T24
E1 0.89
E2 1.14
E3 0.75
E4 0.14
OTA kinetic, expressed in mcg/ml blood, Assayed by HPLC
C A P T E X
C A P T E X
F GROUP – i.p. 0.5 mgT0 T2 T7 T24
F1 0.68
F2 1.32
F3 0.80
F4 0.16
OTA kinetic, expressed in mcg/ml blood, Assayed by HPLC
C A P T E X
C A P T E X
0,2
0,6
1
1,4
1,8
2,2
2,6
3
3,4
3,8
T0 T2 T7 T24
C B D E F
C A P T E X
C A P T E X
C A P T E X
C A P T E X
A GROUP - oral
T0+ T72 T120
A1 0.60
A2 0.36
A3 0.30
C A P T E X
C A P T E X
0,6
0,36
0,3
0,2
0,25
0,3
0,35
0,4
0,45
0,5
0,55
0,6
0,65
T0+ T72 T120
C A P T E X
C A P T E X
A GROUP – LIVER – mcg OTA/g liver
T0+ T72 T120
A1 0.40
A2 0.19
A3 0.11
C A P T E X
C A P T E X
C A P T E X
C A P T E X
C o n c l u s i o n sThe same principle, here applied to OTA,
could be, theoretically, applied also to other mycotoxins such as:
AFLATOXINAFLATOXIN
FUMONISINFUMONISIN
ZEARALENONEZEARALENONE
D.O.N.D.O.N.