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DUSOBANUKIRWE IBIKUBIYE MU ITEGEKO
N°54/2011 RYO KUWA 14/12/2011 RYEREKEYE
UBURENGANZIRA BW’UMWANA N’UBURYO BWO
KUMURINDA NO KUMURENGERA
3
Ishakiro
IJAMBO RY’IBANZE......................................................................................... 4
IBISOBANURO BY’AMAGAMBO. ..................................................................... 5
IRIBURIRO...................................................................................................... 7
IGICE CYA 1: UBURENGANZIRA BW’UMWANA N’INSHINGANO BY’UMWNA ... 9
1.1. Amahame rusange y’uburenganzira bw’umwana .................................. 9
1.2. Uburenganzira mbonezamubano bw’umwana .................................... 11
1.3. Uburenganzira bw’umwana mu byerekeye umuryango ....................... 12
1.4. Ubwisanzure bw’umwana:.................................................................. 13
1.3. Inshingano z’umwana. ........................................................................ 14
IGICE CYA 2: KURINDA NO KURENGERA UMWANA. ....................................... 15
2.1. Inshingano z’umuryango..................................................................... 15
2.2. Inshingano za Leta .............................................................................. 17
2.3. Umwana wabuze umuryango we ........................................................ 18
2.4. Ubuzima no kubaho neza by’umwana (ingingo ya 41-46) ..................... 18
2.5. Uburezi bw’umwana (ingingo ya 47-48) .............................................. 19
2.6. Kurengera abana bakeneye kugobokwa byihutirwa ............................. 19
2.7. Abana bakurikiranywe n’inzego z’ubutabera ....................................... 22
2.8. Guhana abakoze ibinyuranye n’itegeko ryerekeye uburenganzira
bw’umwana n’uburyo bwo kumurinda no kumurengera ............................ 24
Umusozo ..................................................................................................... 35
INYANDIKO ZIFASHISHIJWE .......................................................................... 36
4
IJAMBO RY’IBANZE
Itegeko Nshinga rya Repubulika y’u Rwanda ryo mu 2003 ryavuguruwe mu
2015 riteganya ko mu ngingo yaryo 19 ko umwana wese afite uburenganzira
bwo kurengerwa ku buryo bwihariye n’umuryango we, abandi Banyarwanda
na Leta, bitewe n'ikigero n'imibereho arimo nk’ uko biteganywa
n’amategeko y’u Rwanda ndetse n’Amasezerano Mpuzamahanga u Rwanda
rwashyizemo umukono.
Nyuma ya Genocide yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994, Leta y’u Rwanda yakomeje
gushyiraho ingamba, politiki n’amategeko bigamije kurinda no kurengera
umwana. Ni mu urwo rwego hashyizweho Itegeko N°54/2011 ryo kuwa
14/12/2011 ryerekeye Uburenganzira bw’Umwana n’uburyo bwo kumurinda no
kumurengera ryasohotse mu Igazeti ya Leta ya Republika y’u Rwanda No. 26
yo kuwa 25/06/2011.
Hagamijwe gushyira mu bikorwa imwe mu nshingano zawo yo gufasha
abanyarwanda kumenya amategeko arebana n’uburenganzira
bw’ikiremwamuntu muri rusange n’uburenganzira bw’umugore n’umwana
by’umwihariko, Umuryango HAGURUKA wateguye aka gatabo kugira ngo
gafashe buri munyarwanda wese ugasoma kumenya no gusobanukirwa
bitamugoye ibikubiye mu Itegeko N°54/2011 ryo kuwa 14/12/2011 ryerekeye
Uburenganzira bw’Umwana n’uburyo bwo kumurinda no kumurengera.
Aka gatabo gakoze mu buryo bworohereza ugasoma wese kumenya iby’ingenzi
bikubiye uri iryo tegeko kabone n’ubwo yaba adasanzwe afite ubumenyi ku
mategeko ndetse hanakubiyemo amashusho yunganira akanafasha abasomyi
gusobanukirwa neza ibikubiye muri iryo tegeko.
Turashimira cyane umufatanyabikorwa w’ingenzi GIZ hamwe n’abandi
bafatanyabikorwa bose bagize uruhare mu gutegura no gutangaza aka gatabo.
Turizera ko ibigakubiyemo bizafasha abanyarwanda kurushaho kubungabunga
uburenganzira bw’umwana no kumurengera.
Me. MUNYANKINDI Monique
Perezida w’Inama y’Ubutegetsi y’Umuryango Haguruka.
5
IBISOBANURO BY’AMAGAMBO.
Muri iri tegeko N°54/2011 ryo kuwa 14/12/2011 ryerekeye Uburenganzira
bw’Umwana n’uburyo bwo kumurinda no kumurengera, amagambo akurikira
afite ibisobanuro bikurikira:
Amagambo Ibisobanuro
Gushyira
umwana ahandi
arererwa
icyemezo gifatwa n’urwego rubifitiye ububasha rugamije
guha umwana uburyo bwo kumwitaho, kumurinda no kumufata neza ku mubiri no mu mitekerereze mu muryango
umwakiriye, umuryango adakomokamo wemeye kumubera umubyeyi cyangwa mu kigo cy’imibereho myiza cyaba icya
Leta cyangwa cyigenga gikwiriye
Ihohoterwa
no gufatwa nabi bikorewe
mu rugo
ibihano byo ku mubiri bikabije, by’ubunyamaswa cyangwa
bitesha agaciro, ibikorwa by’ihohotera rishingiye ku gitsina, iyicarubozo, guhutazwa ku mubiri cyangwa mu
mitekerereze, kutitabwaho, gushakira inyungu ku mwana cyangwa kumutererana bikozwe umubyeyi cyangwa ababyeyi,
uwishingiye umwana cyangwa undi muntu uwo ari we wese umufiteho ububasha ahabwa n’amategeko
Ikigo cyita ku mibereho
myiza cya Let
Ikigo cya Leta cyakira abana kikabarinda, kikabarengera mu buryo buteganywa n’amategeko;
Ikigo cyita ku mibereho
myiza cyigenga
Ikigo cyangwa ishyirahamwe bigengwa n’itegeko rigenga imiryango itari iya Leta byakira, bikarinda abana mu buryo
buteganywa n’amategeko; imirimo mibi ku bana: imirimo mibi ku bana irimo: kubashyira mu bucakara ubwo ari bwo
bwose n’ibisa nabwo; kugurisha no gucuruza abana; kubakoresha nk’abaja mu kwishyura amadeni; kubakoresha
basimbura abakuru mu mirimo itegetswe; kubashyira mu kazi kugira ngo bakoreshwe mu makimbirane n’intambara; gukoresha, guha akazi no gutanga umwana ngo akoreshwe
ku mpamvu z’uburaya, mu gukora ibikoresho bijyanye n’uburaya cyangwa gukora ibikorwa ibyo ari byo byose
n’imikino y’ibiterasoni bishingiye ku gitsina; gukoresha,guha akazi no gutanga umwana ngo akoreshwe mu bikorwa
bitemewe n’amategeko nko gukora no gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge; imirimo ishobora gutera ingaruka mbi
nko kwanduza ubuzima bw’umwana, guhungabanya umutekano cyangwa imitekerereze bye;
6
Imyaka fatizo y’amavuko
Imyaka y'amavuko umwana utarayigezaho atemererwa, mu rwego rw’amategeko cyangwa mu bikorwa, kugira igikorwa
runaka akora cyagenwe n’itegeko, cyangwa se imyaka y’amavuko ituma umwana uyigejejeho atakaza bumwe mu
buryo bwo kumurinda.
Ivangura Itandukanya iryo ari ryo ryose, ihezwa iryo ari ryo ryose,
ikumira iryo ari ryo ryose cyangwa ihitamo iryo ari ryo ryose, rishingiye ku bwoko, ku ibara ry’umubiri, ku
gitsina, ku rurimi, ku idini, ku bitekerezo bya politiki cyangwa ibindi bitekerezo by’umwana, iby’ababyeyi cyangwa iby’abamuhagarariye mu rwego rw’amategeko, ku
gihugu, ku muryango w’inkomoko, ku mutungo, ku ivuka, cyangwa ku yindi mpamvu iyo ari yo yose, rigira ingaruka
cyangwa rigamije kubangamira, kubuza umwana kwemererwa kugira cyangwa gukoresha uburenganzira n’ubwisanzure
bwe bwose mu buryo bureshya
Kugorora
umwana washyizwe
mu kigo cyihariye
Ingamba zifatwa mu rwego rw'ubuvuzi, urwo gufasha abana
bahuye n’uburwayi bwo mu mutwe, izo mu rwego mbonezamubano n’iz’ubucamanza hagamijwe gutuma
umwana wahuye n’ubumuga bukabije bwo ku mubiri, ubwo mu mutwe cyangwa se ukabije kugira ingeso mbi
nko gusabiriza, kuba inzererezi, ugaragaza bikabije ko ashaka guta ishuri cyangwa wananiranye ku buryo ubwo
aribwo bwose, asubira mu buzima busanzwe
Kurengera
umwana
Ingamba zose zifashwe mu rwego rw’amategeko,
urw’ubuyobozi cyangwa se urw’ubucamanza hagamijwe inyungu z’umwana
Umwana Umuntu ese utarageza ku myaka cumi n’umunani (18) y’amavuko.
7
IRIBURIRO
Umuryango ni wo shingiro ry'imbaga y'Abanyarwanda kandi abawugize
bagomba kurindwa ndetse no kwitabwaho nkuko biteganywa n’Itegeko Nshinga
rya Repubulika y’u Rwanda ryo mu 2003 ryavuguruwe mu 2015 mu ngingo
yaryo ya 18.
Mu rwego rwo kurengera umuryango hashyizweho Politiki n’Amategeko
bigamije guteza imbere umuryango no kurengera uburenganzira bw'umwana.
Aha twavuga nka Politiki y'igihugu y'umuryango, Politiki y'igihugu yo
kurwanya ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina, Politiki ikomatanya Uburenganzira
bwose bw'Umwana, gahunda ya Tubarerere mu Muryango tutibagiwe n’
Itegeko N°54/2011 ryo kuwa 14/12/2011 ryerekeye uburenganzira bw’umwana
n’uburyo bwo kumurinda no kumurengera.
Izi Politiki ndetse n’amategeko bishimangira ko abagize umuryango bagomba
kubana neza, birinda ihohoterwa iryo ari ryo ryose kandi baha agaciro
uburenganzira bwa buri wese mu bagize umuryango.
By'umwihariko umwana afite uburenganzira ku bwenegihugu n' ibimuranga
cyane cyane kumwandikisha akivuka mu bitabo by'irangamimerere,
uburenganzira ku muryango n'ubundi buryo bwo kwitabwaho, ku buzima
n'imibereho myiza, ku burezi, kurindwa no kurengerwa, ubutabera no kugira
uruhare mu bimukorerwa, nk'uko bigaragara mu nkingi 7 zigize Politiki
ikomatanya uburenganzira bw'umwana.
Cyakora n'ubwo hashyizweho amategeko, politiki, ingamba ndetse na gahunda
zijyanye no kurengera umuryango n'umwana by'umwihariko, haracyari ibibazo
bibangamira iyubahirizwa ry'uburenganzira bw'umwana bijyanye n'ihohoterwa,
gutereranwa, gukoreshwa imirimo mibi, gushakirwaho amaronko n'ibindi.
Mu rwego rwo gukomeza guteza imbeze no kumenyekanisha uburenganzira
bw’umwana, umuryango HAGURUKA wateguye aka gatabo gakubiyemo
iby’ingenzi biri mu Itegeko N°54/2011 ryo kuwa 14/12/2011 ryerekeye
uburenganzira bw’umwana n’uburyo bwo kumurinda no kumurengera kugira iri
tegeko rirusheho kumenyekana bityo uburenganzira bw’umwana bukomeze
bwubahirizwe.
8
Aka gatabo kateguwe mu bice bibiri by’ingenzi:
Igice cya mbere, aka gatabo kavuga ku burenganzira n’inshingano
z‘umwana
Mu gice cya kabiri, aka gatabo karavuga ku birebana no kurengera no
kurinda umwana.
9
IGICE CYA 1: UBURENGANZIRA BW’UMWANA N’INSHINGANO
BY’UMWNA
1.1. Amahame rusange y’uburenganzira bw’umwana
Itegeko ryerekeye uburenganzira bw’umwana n’uburyo bwo kumurinda no
kumurengera ryateganyije amahame rusange agenga uburenganzira bw’umwana
nk’uko bisobanurwa muri iyi mbonerahamwe (ingingo ya 4-11):
Amahame rusange agenga
uburenganzira bw’umwana
Igisobanuro / Urugero
Abana bose bavuka bangana kandi bafite uburenganzira n’ubwisanzure
bugenwa n’itegeko, bakagira kandi uburyo barindwa kandi barengerwa
bujyanye n’uko ari abana, nta tandukanyirizo iryo ari ryo ryose.
Urugero: Umwana w’umuhungu n’umwana w’umukobwa bagira
uburenganzira bungana kandi itegeko ribarengera kimwe.
Gufatira ibyemezo n’ingamba abana bafite ibibazo byihariye hagamijwe koroshya cyangwa kuvanaho impamvu
zitera cyangwa zigira uruhare mu gukomeza kubaho kw’ivangura
ntibifatwa nk’ivangura.
Urugero: Abana bafite ubumuga bashobora guhabwa uburenganzira bwihariye mu mashuri kugira ngo
bashobore kugendana n’abandi bana badafite ubumuga. Ibyo ntibyitwa
ivangura.
Gutandukanya abana hashingiwe ku
buryo bavutse ku babyeyi babo birabujijwe. Nta nyandiko n’imwe
yerekeye uburyo umwana yavutse ku babyeyi be ishyirwa mu gitabo
cy’irangamimerere
Urugero: Inyito nka “uwemewe
n’amategeko”, “utemewe n’amategeko”, “uvuka ku babyeyi
batashyingiranywe” n’indi nyito iyo ariyo yose igamije itandukanya
ry’abana rishingiye ku buryo bavutse zirabujijwe.
Inyungu y’umwana yitabwabaho igihe cyose hafatwa ibyemezo ku bibazo
birebana umwana yaba aba ari mu nzego z’ubucamanza, inzego
z’ubutegetsi, imiryango itari iya Leta, ibigo by’amashuri, inama
z’umuryango, n’ahandi
Urugero: Igihe umucamanza asuzuma ugomba gutwara abana hagati
y’abashyingiranwe bari mu rubanza rw’ubutane agomba gushingira ku
nyungu z’umwana. Inyungu z’umwana zikwiye kumvikana nk’ikintu cyose
cyamugirira akamaro mu mibereho ye.
Mu gihe hasuzumwa ikibazo
kimureba, umwana agomba guhabwa
Urugero: Mbere yo kugena umwe mu
bashyingiranywe utwarana abana mu
10
umwanya wo gutanga igitekerezo cy’uko yumva ibintu byagenda.
Igitekerezo cy’umwana cyitabwaho hakurikijwe imyaka ye y’amavuko
n’ubukure bwe ugereranije n’ikibazo abazwaho
rubanza rw’ubutane, iyo bishoboka, umucamanza ashobora kubaza abana
bakuru icyo babitekerezaho.
Umwana afite uburenganzira bwo kubaho kandi ntashobora kubuvutswa.
Gukuramo inda byemerwa keretse gusa mu gihe biteganywa n’amategeko
ku mpamvu zumvikana.
Umwana wagize impanuka agenerwa
indishyi cyangwa zikagenerwa umuryango we mu gihe umwana
yapfuye.
Hashobora gutangwa indishyi
z’akababaro; indishyi z’imbonezamusaruro cyangwa indishyi
z’ububabare n’ubusembwa by’umubiri.
Umwana wese afite uburenganzira bwo Kurengerwa ku buryo bwihariye n’umuryango we, umuryango
nyarwanda na Leta kugira ngo akure neza ku mubiri, mu mitekerereze,
mu kwemera, mu bwenge, mu bitekerezo no mu mibanire ye
n’abandi ku buryo buhuje n’agaciro ka muntu.
Urugero: Leta ishyiraho ingamba kandi ikagoboka abana bafite ibibazo by’imirire mibi.
Umwana arindwa n’itegeko kuva agisamwa kandi afatwa nk’uwavutse
igihe cyose biri mu nyungu ze.
Urugero: Umwana wasamwe ukiri mu nda agira uburenganzira mu izungura
(agenerwa uruhare rwe) mu gihe cyose abavandimwe be baba bagiye
kugabana imitungo y’umubyeyi wabo bazungura.
11
1.2. Uburenganzira mbonezamubano bw’umwana
Itegeko ryerekeye uburenganzira bw’umwana n’uburyo bwo kumurinda no
kumurengera rivuga ko umwana afite uburenganzira mbonezamubano
bukurikira:
Umwana wese afite uburenganzira bwo kwandikishwa mu gitabo
cy’irangamimerere n’ababyeyi be cyangwa undi wese ubyemererwa
n’itegeko kandi akabiherwa icyemezo (ingingo ya 16).
Umwana afite uburenganzira bwo kugira ibimuranga, iby’ibanze muri
byo bikaba ari izina, ubwenegihugu n’isano ry’umuryango. Umwana
udafite ibimuranga bizwi, Leta ifite inshingano zo kumufasha kubigira
(ingingo ya 12)
Umwana wese afite uburenganzira bwo kugira umuryango avukamo,
abamo, akuriramo kandi abyirukiramo, umurinda ku buryo bwose,
ukamugaragariza urukundo kugira ngo yisanzure (ingingo ya 24).
Umwana afite uburenganzira ku bwenegihugu bw’u Rwanda hakurikijwe
ibyo amategeko yerekeye ubwenegihugu ateganya (ingingo ya 14)
12
1.3. Uburenganzira bw’umwana mu byerekeye umuryango
Mu byerekeye umuryango umwana afite uburenganzira bukurikira:
Umwana afite uburenganzira bwo kumenya ababyeyi be, kubana nabo no
kurengerwa nabo mu gihe bariho. Mu gihe umwana adashobora kubana
na Se cyangwa Nyina cyangwa n’ababyeyi be bombi kubera impanvu
zinyuranye nk’ubutane bw’ababyeyi cyangwa ikindi, afite uburenganzira
bwo gufatwa neza nabo no kubasura igihe cyose abishakiye. Umwana
utarageza ku myaka itandatu (6) y’amavuko, agomba kubana na nyina
keretse iyo bishobora kubangamira inyungu z’umwana (ingingo ya 15).
Aha inyungu z’umwana ntizikwiye kumvikana nk’amafaranga gusa
cyangwa umutungo, ahubwo hagomba no kurebwa niba aho agiye kuba
azahabonera amahoro, umutuzo, uburere bwiza n’ibindi.
Umwana afite uburenganzira bwo kudatandukanywa n’umuryango we nta
mpamvu (ingigngo ya 27)
Umwana afite uburenganzira bwo gukurikiranira hafi igikorwa cyose
kigamije kumutandukanya n’umuryango we kandi akagitangaho
13
igitekerezo. Kumva ibitekerezo by’umwana bishobora gukorwa ku buryo butaziguye cyangwa buziguye yunganirwa n’umuhanga mu
by’inyurabwenge cyangwa ushinzwe ubuzima bw’imitekerereze cyangwa se undi muntu mukuru umwana yihitiyemo (ingingo ya 31).
Umwana ukorerwa ihohoterwa n’ibindi bikorwa bibi n’umwana urerwa
n’umuntu ufite uburwayi bwo mu mutwe afite uburenganzira bwo
kubimenyesha urwego rufite ububasha bwo gushyira abana ahandi
barererwa.
Uretse iyo binyuranyije n’inyungu ze, umwana washyizwe ahandi arererwa afite uburenganzira bwo gushyikirana no kubonana ku buryo
butaziguye n’ababyeyi be, kubonana n’abo bafitanye isano, abishingizi be cyangwa undi muntu wese mu gihe bikenewe. Ababyeyi b’umwana
washyizwe ahandi arererwa bagomba gukomeza kumuha ibya ngombwa akenera kugira ngo agire imibereho myiza (ingingo ya 36).
1.4. Ubwisanzure bw’umwana:
Itegeko ryerekeye uburenganzira bw’umwana n’uburyo bwo kumurinda no
kumurengera ryemerera umwana kugira ubwisanzure muri ibi bikurikira:
Bitewe n’ikigero agezemo, umwana afite uburenganzira ku bwisanzure
bwo gutekereza, ubwo kugaragaza ibitekerezo bye, ubwo kugira
umutimanama no guhitamo idini abigiriwemo inama kandi abiyobowemo
nta gahato n’ababyeyi be cyangwa umwishingizi we (ingingo ya 17).
Umwana afite uburenganzira ku bwisanzure bwo kwishyira hamwe
n’abandi no guteranira mu nama, hakurikijwe amategeko abigenga
(ingingo ya 18).
Umwana afite uburenganzira bwo kutavogerwa mu mibereho ye bwite
hakurikijwe icyiciro agezemo. Birabujijwe kubangamira umwana mu
buryo ubwo ari bwo bwose, mu mibereho bwite ye, bigamije
kumwambura icyubahiro no kumutesha agaciro (ingingo ya 19).
Umwana afite uburenganzira bwo kubona amakuru akwiye, ubwo
kuruhuka n’ubwo kwidagadura (ingigo ya 20). Umwana agomba kubona
amakuru, itumanaho, ibitabo bijyanye n’ikigero cye. Agomba kandi
guhabwa ibyangombwa bijyanye n’imikino n’imyidagaduro ndeste
akanahabwa ikiruhuko byose bigamije imibereho myiza ye n’umuco.
14
1.3. Inshingano z’umwana.
Umwana afite uburenganzira yemererwa n’itegeko ariko afite n’inshingano
agomba kubahiriza. Izo nshingano ni izi zikurikira:
Hashingiwe ku bwenge afite, umwana agomba kubaha umuntu wese,
cyane cyane ababyeyi be, umwishingizi we cyangwa umurera. Agomba
kandi gufasha ababyeyi be cyangwa undi wamwishingiye mu buryo
bujyanye n’ubushobozi bwe (ingingo ya 21).
Umwana agomba gukunda igihugu cye. Mu myigire ye yo mu mashuri
hagomba hashyirwamo gahunda y’amasomo y’uburere mboneragihugu
kugira ngo ashobore kumva ishingiro ryo gukunda igihugu cye (ingingo
ya 22).
Umwana afite inshingano yo kwiga amashuri y’ibanze ababyeyi be na
Leta bamugenera.
15
IGICE CYA 2: KURINDA NO KURENGERA UMWANA.
Itegeko ryerekeye uburenganganzira bw’umwana n’uburyo byo kumurinda no
ku murengera riteganya ko umwana arindwa kandi akarengerwa n’umuryango
we ndetse na Leta.
2.1. Inshingano z’umuryango
Umuryango ufite inshingano zo kurinda no kurengera umwana mu buryo
bwose, ukamugaragariza urukundo kugira ngo yisanzure. Umwana wabuze
umuryango avukamo, afite uburenganzira bwo guhabwa n’urwego rubifitiye
ububasha uburyo busimbura umuryango we. Ubwo buryo bushobora kuba
ugushyirwa mu muryango umwakira, kugirwa uw’ababyeyi batamubyaye
cyangwa se gushyirwa mu kigo kirera abana kibifitiye ubushobozi. Mu gihe
uwo mwana atarabonerwa umuryango, urwego rubifitiye ububasha rumugenera
uburyo bwo kubaho.
Ababyeyi, abiyemeje kuba ababyeyi b’umwana cyangwa undi muntu wese
ushinzwe umwana mu buryo bwemewe n’amategeko afite inshingano
zikurikira:
Kuyobora umwana,
Kumuha uburere bwo kubaha
Kumutoza gukunda igihugu kugira ngo ubuzima, ubwenge n’ubushobozi
bye bitere imbere hakurikijwe umuco w’Igihugu.
Guha umwana igitsure cya kibyeyi mu buryo butamuhahamura kandi
bwubahiriza agaciro n’icyubahiro umwana agomba guhabwa.
Ababyeyi, umwishingizi cyangwa undi muntu wese umufiteho ububasha
ahabwa n’amategeko bashobora kwamburwa umwana barera agashyirwa ahandi
arererwa kubera impamvu zikurikira (ingingo ya 27):
Ihohoterwa;
Ibikorwa bibi;
Kudashobora kumurera kubera uburwayi bwo mu mutwe;
Kwamburwa ububasha bwa kibyeyi.
16
Abagize umuryango n’undi muntu wese uba mu rugo cyangwa undi wese
wamenye ihohoterwa cyangwa ibikorwa bibi bikorerwa umwana, bafite
inshingano yo kubimenyesha urwego rufite ububasha bwo gushyira umwana
ahandi yarererwa cyangwa urwego rwa Polisi y’u Rwanda rubari hafi.
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2.2. Inshingano za Leta
Mu rwego rwo kurinda no kurengera umwana Leta n’inzego zayo zibifitiye ububasha zifite inshingano zikurikira:
Leta ifata ingamba zose za ngombwa kugira ngo umwana agire
uburenganzira bwuzuye ku buzima bwiza, hitawe cyane cyane ku guteza
imbere ubuvuzi bw’ibanze.
Leta ikora ibishoboka kugira ngo uburyo bwo kurinda umwana indwara
no kuzivura buboneke.
Leta ishyiraho kandi uburyo bwo gukingira abana ku rwego rw’igihugu,
kurwanya indwara ziterwa n’imirire mibi, kandi ishyiraho amabwiriza
akwiye yerekeye igenzura ry’imiterere y’ibiribwa bigenewe umwana
ndetse n’amazi meza.
Leta ishyiraho uburyo bwo kugoboka abatishoboye bafite inshingano yo
kurera umwana, kugira ngo bashobore kuzuza izo inshingano bamuha ibyo akeneye mu rwego rw’imirire, kuvurwa, uburere, imyambaro
n’icumbi.
Leta yishingira gutangira abana b’imfubyi n’abandi bana batagira kivurira amafaranga yo gushyirwa mu bwishingizi bw’indwara. Kutagira kivurira kw’abana kwemezwa n’urwego rw’ibanze (ingingo ya 41)
Leta igomba gukora iperereza ku bikorwa by’ihohotera cyangwa ibindi
bikorwa bibi byaba bikorerwa umwana bikozwe n’abamurera byaba ngombwa rukitabaza impuguke kugira ngo rushobore gufata ibyemezo
bishingiye ku bimenyetso bifatika.
Kwambura umwana by’agateganyo abamurera mu gihe bigaragara ko
bamukorera ihotetera cyangwa ibindi bikorwa bibi, agahabwa undi
muryango ufitanye nawe isano ya hafi wamurera, yaba atawufite
agahabwa undi muryango cyangwa ikigo cyita ku mibereho myiza
cyiteguye kumwakira by’agateganyo (ingigo ya 29).
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2.3. Umwana wabuze umuryango we
Umwana wabuze umuryango we ashobora gushyirwa mu wundi muryango.
Gushyira umwana wabuze umuryango we mu wundi muryango umwakira byemezwa n’urukiko rubisabwe n’urwego rubifitiye ububasha, rubyibwirije
cyangwa rubisabwe n’umuryango ushaka kwakira umwana nk’uwo. Umwana wabuze umuryango we ashobora kandi gushyirwa mu kigo cyita ku
mibereho myiza n’urwego rubifitiye ububasha. Ibi bikorwa mu bihe bikurikira:
Yabuze ababyeyi akaba atarabona undi muryango umwakira;
Yavukiye muri gereza yakuzuza imyaka itatu (3) ntabone abo bafitanye
isano bamwakira;
Urukiko rwafashe icyemezo cy’uko umwana ashyirwa ahandi arererwa
ariko akaba atarabona undi muryango umwakira;
Ari impunzi akaba atarabonana n’ababyeyi be;
Ari inzererezi ataragira imyaka cumi n’ine (14) cyangwa asabiriza mu
gihe hagishakishwa ababyeyi be;
Hari impamvu igaragaza ko umwana afite ibibazo byihariye kandi adafite
umuryango witeguye kumwakira
Kuba umwana yashyizwe mu kigo cy’imibereho myiza, ntibivanaho ko urwego
rubishinzwe rukomeza kumushakira umuryango arererwamo
2.4. Ubuzima no kubaho neza by’umwana (ingingo ya 41-46)
Mu rwego rwo kubugabunga ubuzima no kubaho neza by’umwana, Leta,
ababyeyi, imiryango n’ibigo byakiriye abana n’undi wese bireba bagomba kwita
kuri ibi bikurikira:
Umwana ufite ubumuga bwihariye bwo ku mubiri cyangwa mu mutwe
ashyirwa mu kigo cyabigenewe ngo yitabweho kandi avurwe.
Umwana washyizwe mu kigo cyihariye kugira ngo yitabweho kandi
avurwe afite uburenganzira bwo gusuzumwa buri gihe hagamijwe kureba
uko imibereho ye igenda ihinduka n’uburyo avurwamo.
Urwego rubifitiye ububasha rukora ku buryo umwana uri mu kigo
avurirwamo adatereranwa cyangwa ngo yibagirane; akurikiranwa
n’inzobere iyo bibaye ngombwa.
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Leta ifata ingamba zose za ngombwa kugira ngo umwana agire
uburenganzira bwuzuye ku buzima bwiza, hitawe cyane cyane ku guteza
imbere ubuvuzi bw’ibanze.
Leta ikora ibishoboka kugira ngo uburyo bwo kurinda umwana indwara
no kuzivura buboneke.
Umubyeyi, umwishingizi w’umwana n’undi muntu wese bagomba
kwirinda kumuha, kumugurisha, kumutuma ibinyobwa bisindisha
n’ibindi biyobyabwenge no kumukoresha ahantu hose bicururizwa.
Umuntu wese wakoresheje umunsi mukuru urimo abana agomba
kubarinda ibinyobwa bisindisha n’ibindi biyobyabwenge.
Umwana nawe abujijwe kwinjira aho ariho hose hacururizwa kandi
hanywerwa ibinyobwa bisindisha adaherekejwe. Abujijwe kandi no
kwinjira mu nzu z’urubyiniro zirimo ibinyobwa bisindisha n’ibindi
biyobyabwenge naho yaba aherekejwe.
Umwana wese uri mu Rwanda agomba kugira ubwishingizi bw’indwara
hakurikijwe itegeko ribigenga.
2.5. Uburezi bw’umwana (ingingo ya 47-48)
Mu rwego rwo kubugabunga uburezi bw’umwana, Leta, ababyeyi, imiryango
n’ibigo byakiriye abana n’undi wese bireba bagomba kwita kuri ibi bikurikira:
Kwiga amashuri abanza ni itegeko kandi ni ubuntu mu mashuri ya Leta.
Ku mashuri afashwa na Leta, uburyo bwo kwigira ubuntu mu mashuri
abanza buteganywa n’itegeko ngenga.
Ababyeyi n’abishingizi b’abana bafite inshingano zo gushyira abana mu
ishuri no kwirinda icyatuma bata ishuri.
2.6. Kurengera abana bakeneye kugobokwa byihutirwa
Itegeko ryerekeye uburenganzira bw’umwana n’uburyo bwo kumurinda no
kumurengera riteganya ko abana bakeneye kugobokwa byihutirwa bitabwaho
mu buryo bukurikira:
Umwana wese usaba kwemerwa nk’impunzi cyangwa uwamaze
kwemerwa nk’impunzi hakurikijwe uburyo buteganywa n’amategeko
agenga impunzi, yaba ari wenyine cyangwa aherekejwe n’ababyeyi be
cyangwa undi muntu uwo ari we wese, arengerwa kandi agahabwa
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inkunga ya ngombwa kugira ngo ashobore kubona uburenganzira
yemererwa (ingingo ya 49).
Mu gihe cy’intambara cyangwa igihe cy’ibiza umwana agomba kurindwa
no gutabarwa mbere y’abandi. Akazi ka gisilikare karabujijwe ku mwana
utarageza ku myaka cumi n’umunani y’amavuko (18).
Leta, ikurikije ubushobozi bwayo, yishingira kandi ikorohereza umwana
wese washowe mu ntambara, wazahajwe n’ikiza cyangwa n’intambara
cyangwa wagize ingaruka zibikomokaho, uburyo bwo kumwondora ku
mubiri no mu bwenge, kugira ngo ashobore gusubizwa mu buzima
busanzwe.
Uburyo ubwo ari bwo bwose bwo gushakira ku mwana inyungu mu
rwego rw’ubukungu akoreshwa umurimo ushobora kumugiraho ingaruka
mbi cyangwa kubangamira imyigire ye, ubuzima bwe n’imikurire ye ku
mubiri, mu bwenge, mu byo yemera, mu mibereho ye nko kumushora mu
icuruzwa n’ikoreshwa ry’ibiyobyabwenge, mu kunywa, mu gucuruza
ibinyobwa bisindisha n’itabi, mu buraya, mu bikorwa byo gusabiriza,
gucuruza, gushyira mu bucakara no kumushimuta, mu bucuruzi
bwerekeye ibiterasoni, kumukoresha no kumushora mu bindi bikorwa
byamugiraho ingaruka mbi burabujijwe kandi buhanwa n’amategeko.
Nta mwana utarageza ku myaka cumi n’irindwi (17) y’amavuko ushobora
gukora mu birombe biri munsi y’ubutaka.
Abana bafite ubumuga bwo ku mubiri cyangwa mu mutwe barindwa na
Leta ku buryo bwihariye. Bafite uburenganzira bwose umwana ahabwa
n’amategeko nta vangura iryo ari ryo ryose, ryaba rishingiye ku miterere
yabo cyangwa ikindi kintu cyose cyayiturukaho.
Abana babana na virusi itera SIDA cyangwa barwaye SIDA barindwa
kandi bagafashwa na Leta hakurikijwe amikoro yayo.
Umwana urengeje imyaka cumi n’ibiri (12) y’amavuko, afite
uburenganzira bwo kwisuzumisha cyangwa kwivuza ku muganga
cyangwa umuforomo w’umwuga wa Leta nubwo ababyeyi be cyangwa
undi wese umurera baba batabishaka cyangwa babimubujije.
Mu gihe umugore utwite cyangwa ufite umwana utarageza ku myaka
itatu (3) y’amavuko akurikiranyweho icyaha, umucamanza akora
ibishoboka byose kugira ngo ahabwe ikindi gihano kitari igifungo.
Iyo kumuhanisha ikindi gihano kitari igifungo bidashoboka, umugore
utwite cyangwa ufite umwana utarageza ku myaka itatu (3) y’amavuko
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afungirwa mu gice cya gereza gifungirwamo abagore bafite abana
batarageza ku myaka itatu (3) y’amavuko. Hakurikijwe amikoro ifite.
Abana b’inzererezi bashyirwa mu bigo bigamije guhurizwamo
by’agateganyo abana b’inzererezi n’abasabirizi, hagamijwe kubasubiza
mu miryango yabo, kubashyira mu bigo ngorora muco cyangwa
kubashyira mu bigo by’imibereho myiza igihe bibaye ngombwa.
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2.7. Abana bakurikiranywe n’inzego z’ubutabera
Mu gihe umwana akurikiranywe n’inzego z’ubutabera, itegeko riteganya ko:
Umwana utarageza ku myaka cumi n’ine (14) y’amavuko ntashobora kuryozwa icyaha ashinjwa. Ingaruka zo mu rwego mbonezamubano zikomoka ku cyaha cyakozwe n’umwana zishingirwa n’ababyeyi be
cyangwa umwishingizi we, nk’uko biteganywa n’amategeko. Ikurikiranacyaha iryo ari ryo ryose rireba umwana rigomba kwita ku
mibereho myiza ye kandi icyemezo cy’umucamanza kigomba buri gihe kuzirikana imiterere ye.
Mu gihe ari icyemezo gihana, umucamanza waregewe umwana agomba kugaragaza mu rubanza ingingo zerekeye imiterere n’imibereho
by’umwana yashingiyeho mu gutanga igihano. Kutagaragaza ingingo zerekeye imiterere y’umwana mu rubanza rutanga
igihano ni impamvu ishobora gusubirishamo urubanza.
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Uretse impamvu y’insubiracyaha, umwana ugikorerwa iperereza, ibyaha yaba akurikiranyweho ibyo ari byo byose, ntashobora gufatwa.
Umwana ashobora gufungwa by’agateganyo iyo gusa icyaha akurikiranyweho gihanishwa igihano cy’igifungo kirenze imyaka itanu
(5). Igihe cy’igifungo cy’agatenganyo cy’umwana ntikigomba kurenza iminsi
cumi n’itanu (15) kandi icyemezo cy’umucamanza kimufunga by’agateganyo ntigishobora kongerwa.
Ashingiye ku mpamvu zitangwa n’Umushinjacyaha, umucamanza asanze ari ngombwa gukomeza gufunga umwana by’agateganyo mu gihe kirenze
igiteganywa mu gika kibanziriza iki, gufungwa by’agateganyo bisimbuzwa icyemezo cyo kumugenzurira hafi, haba mu muryango we
cyangwa se aho yabaga. Umugenzacyaha afite ububasha bwo gusaba ko haba ubwumvikane
hagati y’umwana, umubyeyi cyangwa se umurera n’uwakorewe icyaha, iyo icyo cyaha gihanishwa igifungo kitarengeje imyaka itanu (5).
Mu gihe cyo guha umwana igihano, umucamanza ashyira imbere ibihano
cyangwa ibyemezo bisimbura igifungo nk’isubikagihano, gushyirwa mu kigo ngororamuco kugira ngo arengere imibereho myiza y’umwana.
Gufungura umwana by’agateganyo ni ihame, kurangiza igihano cyose yahawe bikaba ari ikintu kidasanzwe kuri iryo hame.
Mu gihe umucamanza waregewe icyaha cy’umwana asanze agomba kumuhanisha igihano kitarenze imyaka ibiri (2), ashobora gutegeka ko
uwo mwana ashyirwa mu kigo cyihariye kugira ngo agororwe. Bisabwe n’ubuyobozi bwa gereza, umucamanza ashobora gufata
icyemezo cy’uko umwana wakatiwe igihano cy’igifungo kandi akaba ataruzuza ibisabwa kugira ngo afungurwe by’agateganyo ashyirwa mu
kigo ngororamuco igihe dosiye ye igaragaza ko afite imyitwarire myiza. Imibereho bwite y’umwana ukurikiranywe mu butabera igomba
kubahwa, kurindwa no kurengerwa mu nzego zose z’imikurikiranire yose
y’icyaha. Umwana udafite umwishingizi, Leta niyo imushakira umwunganira mu
gihe aburana mu nkiko. Urubanza umwana aregwamo ruburanishwa mu muhezo n’urukiko
rubifitiye ububasha. Umwirondoro w’umwana ukurikiranyweho icyaha nta na rimwe ugomba gutangarizwa rubanda n’itangazamakuru.
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2.8. Guhana abakoze ibinyuranye n’itegeko ryerekeye uburenganzira
bw’umwana n’uburyo bwo kumurinda no kumurengera
Umuntu wese ukora ibibujijwe n’itegeko ryerekeye uburenganzira bw’umwana
n’uburyo bwo kumurinda no kumurengera, akurikiranwa kandi agahanwa
hakurikijwe amategeko ahana ibyaha mu buryo bukurikira:
Icyaha Igihano
Gusambanya umwana
Umuntu wese usambanyije umwana, ahanishwa igifungo cya burundu
cy’umwihariko.
Iyo icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana cyakozwe n’umubyeyi we cyangwa ushinzwe kumurera, uhagarariye ubutegetsi, uhagarariye
idini, ushinzwe umutekano, ukora umwuga w’ubuvuzi, ukora umwuga w’uburezi,
uwitoza umwuga n’abandi bose bishingikirije umwuga bakora cyangwa ububasha bafite
ku mwana, uwagikoze ahanishw igifungo cya burundu cy’umwihariko n’ihazabu
y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda kuva ku bihumbi ijana (100.000) kugeza ku bihumbi magana
atanu (500.000).
Guha umwana inzoga
cyangwa itabi
Umuntu wese uha cyangwa ugurisha umwana
inzoga cyangwa itabi, cyangwa umukoresha mu icuruzwa ryabyo, ahanishwa igifungo
kuva ku mezi atatu (3) ariko kitageze ku mezi atandatu (6) n’ihazabu y'amafaranga
y’u Rwanda kuva ku bihumbi magana atatu (300.000) kugeza kuri miliyoni imwe (1.000.000) cyangwa kimwe gusa muri ibyo
bihano. Ni nabyo bihano bihabwa ushishikariza umwana kunywa inzoga
cyangwa itabi cyangwa kujya mu tubari.
Gusambanya umwana
bikamuviramo urupfu cyangwa indwara
idakira
Iyo gusambanya umwana byamuviriyemo
urupfu cyangwa byamuteye indwara idakira, uwakoze icyaha ahanishwa igifungo cya
burundu cy’umwihariko n’ihazabu
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y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda kuva ku bihumbi Magana atanu (500.000) kugeza kuri miliyoni
imwe (1.000.000).
Kubana n’umwana
nk’umugabo cyangwa umugore
Umuntu wese ubana cyangwa ugerageza
kubana n’umwana nk’umugabo cyangwa nk’umugore, ahanwa kimwe n’uwasambanyije
umwana.
Kubabaza umwana
bikabije, kumujujubya cyangwa kumuha
ibihano biremereye
Umuntu wese ubabaza umwana bikabije,
umujujubya cyangwa umuha ibihano biremereye cyangwa se bitesha agaciro,
ahanishwa igifungo kuva ku mezi atandatu (6) kugeza ku myaka ibiri (2) n’ihazabu
y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda kuva ku bihumbi ijana (100.000) kugeza ku bihumbi magana atatu (300.000).
Iyo kimwe mu byaha bivugwa mu gika
kibanziriza iki kiviriyemo umwana ubumuga, igihano kiba igifungo kirenze imyaka itanu (5)
kugeza ku myaka irindwi (7) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda kuva ku bihumbi
magana atanu (500.000) kugeza kuri miliyoni imwe (1.000.000). Iyo icyo cyaha
kimuviriyemo urupfu, igihano kiba igifungo cya burundu.
Kubona umugabane ku
biturutse ku buraya bw’umwana
Umuntu wese ubona umugabane ku biturutse
ku buraya bw’umwana cyangwa uhabwa kandi akemera abizi imfashanyo azi ko yavuye mu
buraya, ahanishwa igifungo kuva ku mezi atandatu (6) kugeza ku myaka ibiri (2)
n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda kuva ku bihumbi magana atanu (500.000) kugeza kuri miliyoni ebyiri (2.000.000) cyangwa kimwe
gusa muri ibyo bihano.
Umuntu wese ukoresha cyangwa wifashisha abana ngo abakoreshe mu bitaramo
bigendereye kwamamaza uburaya cyangwa nk’imfashamatsiko ku byerekanwa ku bitsina,
ahanishwa igifungo kirenze imyaka itanu (5) kugeza ku myaka irindwi (7) n’ihazabu
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y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda kuva kuri miliyoni imwe (1.000.000) kugeza kuri miliyoni eshanu
(5.000.000).
Kutamenyekanisha
ibyaha binyuranyije n’imyifatire myiza
byakorewe umwana
Umuntu wese umenya ko ibyaha bivugwa
muri uyu mutwe byakorewe umwana ntabimenyeshe inzego z’ubuyobozi cyangwa
iz’umutekano, ahanishwa igifungo kuva ku mezi atatu (3) ariko kitageze ku mezi atandatu
(6) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda kuva ku bihumbi ijana (100.000) kugeza ku bihumbi magana atatu (300.000).
Gushora umwana mu bikorwa by’intambara
Umuntu ushora umwana mu bikorwa by’intambara, aba akoze icyaha. Iyo abihamijwe n’urukiko, ahanishwa igifungo
kitari munsi y’imyaka icumi (10) ariko kitarenze imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu
y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda atari munsi ya miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000) ariko atarenze
miliyoni icumi (10.000.000).
Iyo gushora umwana mu bikorwa by’intambara bikozwe hagamijwe kumushakamo inyungu,
igihano kiba igifungo kitari munsi y’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) ariko kitarenze imyaka
makumyabiri (20) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda atari munsi ya miliyoni icumi (10.000.000) ariko atarenze miliyoni cumi
n’eshanu (15.000.000).
Iyo icyaha gikozwe mu rwego rw'ishyirahamwe ry'abagizi ba nabi babigize
umwuga w'ibanze cyangwa w'ingoboka, kabone n'iyo uwabikoze yaba atari mu
buyobozi bwaryo, igihano kiba igifungo kirenze imyaka makumyabiri (20) ariko
kitarenze imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25) n'ihazabu y'amafaranga y'u Rwanda ari hejuru
ya miliyoni cumi n’eshanu (15.000.000) ariko atarenze miliyoni makumyabiri (20.000.000).
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Iyo umwana ashowe mu ntambara ishyamiranya ibihugu, igihano kiba igifungo
cya burundu n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda arenze miliyoni makumyabiri
(20.000.000) ariko atarenze miliyoni mirongo itatu (30.000.000).
Gushora umwana mu Bucuruzibw’biyobyabwenge,
ubw’intwaro cyangwa ubw’ibindi bicuruzwa bitemewe n’amategeko
Umuntu wese ushora umwana mu bucuruzi bw’ibiyobyabwenge, ubw’intwaro cyangwa ubw’ibindi bicuruzwa bitemewe n’amategeko, ahanishwa igifungo kuva ku myaka ibiri (2) kugeza ku myaka itanu (5) n’ihazabu
y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda kuva kuri miliyoni imwe (1.000.000) kugeza kuri miliyoni
eshanu (5.000.000).
Gushakira inyungu mu
gushora umwana mu bikorwa by’intambara
Umuntu wese ushakira inyungu mu gushora
umwana mu bikorwa by’intambara, ahanishwa igifungo kirenze imyaka itanu (5)
kugeza ku myaka irindwi (7) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda kuva kuri
miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000) kugeza kuri miliyoni icumi (10.000.000).
Iyo ibikorwa bivugwa mu gika cya mbere
cy’iyi ngingo bikozwe mu rwego rw’ishyirahamwe ry’abagizi ba nabi babigize
umwuga w’ibanze cyangwa w’ingoboka, kabone n’iyo uwabikoze atari mu buyobozi bwaryo, igihano kiba igifungo kuva ku
myaka irindwi (7) kugeza ku myaka icumi (10) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda
kuva kuri miliyoni icumi (10.000.000) kugeza kuri miliyoni makumyabiri
(20.000.000).
Igihe umwana yashowe mu ntambara hagati y’andi mahanga, igihano kiba igifungo kuva ku
myaka icumi (10) kugeza ku myaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u
Rwanda kuva kuri miliyoni makumyabiri (20.000.000) kugeza kuri miliyoni mirongo
itatu (30.000.000).
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Gushakira inyungu mu gushora umwana mu
bikorwa bya siporo bibangamira ubuzima bwe
Umuntu wese ushakira inyungu mu gushora umwana mubikorwa bya siporo bibangamira
ubuzima bwe, ahanishwa igifungo kuva ku myaka itatu (3) kugeza ku myaka itanu (5)
n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda kuva ku bihumbi magana atanu (500.000) kugeza kuri miliyoni imwe (1.000.000).
Iyo ibikorwa bivugwa mu gika cya mbere
cy’iyi ngingo bikozwe mu rwego rw’ishyirahamwe ry’abagizi ba nabi babigize
umwuga w’ibanze cyangwa w’ingoboka, kabone n’iyo uwabikoze atari mu buyobozi
bwaryo, igihano kiba igifungo kirenze imyaka itanu (5) kugeza ku myaka irindwi
(7) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda kuva kuri miliyoni icumi (10.000.000) kugeza kuri miliyoni makumyabiri (20.000.000).
Kwanga gutanga umwana
Umuntu wese udatanga cyangwa udashyikiriza umwana, igihe amusabwe n’ubifitiye
uburenganzira bwemewe n’amategeko, ahanishwa igifungo kuva ku mezi abiri (2)
ariko kitageze ku mezi atandatu (6) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda kuva
ku bihumbi magana abiri (200.000) kugeza kuri miliyoni imwe (1.000.000) cyangwa
kimwe gusa muri ibyo bihano.
Kwambura ku maherere
umwana ababyeyi be cyangwa abo yarindishijwe cyangwa abo asanzwe
abana nabo
Umuntu wambura ku maherere umwana
ababyeyi be cyangwa abo yarindishijwe cyangwa abo asanzwe abana na bo, ahanishwa igifungo kuva ku mwaka umwe (1) kugeza
ku myaka itatu (3) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda kuva ku bihumbi mirongo itanu
(50.000) kugeza ku bihumbi magana atanu (500.000).
Iyokwambura umwana umubyeyi bikozwe
n’umwe mu bamubyaye, ubikoze ahanishwa igifungo kuva ku myaka ibiri (2) kugeza
ku myaka itanu (5) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda kuva ku bihumbi ijana(100.000) kugeza kuri miliyoni imwe (1.000.000).
29
Kugira uruhare mu itangw ry’ububyeye
k’utabyaye umwana hagamijwe kumugurisha
Umuntu wese ugira uruhare mu itangwa ry'ububyeyi k’utabyaye umwana hagamijwe
kumucuruza, ahanishwa igifungo kuva ku myaka itatu (3) kugeza ku myaka itanu (5)
n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda kuva kuri miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000) kugeza kuri miliyoni icumi (10.000.000).
Igihe ukoze icyaha kivugwa mu gika cya
mbere cy’iyi ngingo abikoreye umwana utarageza ku myaka cumi n’ine (14)
y’amavuko, ahanishwa igifungo kuva ku myaka icumi (10) kugeza ku myaka cumi
n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda kuva kuri miliyoni icumi
(10.000.000) kugeza kuri miliyoni makumyabiri (20.000.000).
Igihe ukoze icyaha kivugwa mu gika cya mbere cy’iyi ngingo abikoreye umwana ufite
imyaka iri hagati ya cumi n’ine (14) na cumi n’itandatu (16) y’amavuko, ahanishwa
igifungo kirenze imyaka itanu (5) kugeza ku myaka irindwi (7) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga
y’u Rwanda kuva kuri miliyoni makumyabiri (20.000.000) kugeza kuri miliyoni mirongo itatu (30.000.000).
Iyo icyo cyaha gikorewe umwana ukuwe mu
kigo kirererwamo impfubyi, uwakoze icyaha ahanishwa igihano ntarengwa giteganyijwe
muri iyi ngingo.
Kwereka umwana amashusho yerekeranye
n’ishimishamubiri rishingiye ku gitsina cyangwa
kumwumvisha amajwi yaryo
Umuntu wese wereka umwana amashusho yerekeranye n’ishimishamubiri rishingiye ku
gitsina cyangwa umwumvisha amajwi yaryo aba akoze icyaha. Iyo abihamijwe n’urukiko,
ahanishwa igifungo kirenze imyaka itatu (3) ariko kitarenze imyaka itanu (5) n’ihazabu
y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda atari munsi ya miliyoni eshatu (3.000.000) ariko atarenze miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000).
30
Kwanga kwita ku mwana cyangwa umuntu ushinzwe
udashoboye kwirwanaho
Umuntu wese ufite ububasha ahabwa n’amategeko ku mwana akanga kumuvuza,
ahanishwa igifungo kuva ku mezi abiri (2) ariko kitageze ku mezi atandatu (6)
n'ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda kuva ku bihumbi mirongo itanu (50.000) kugeza ku bihumbi magana atatu (300.000).
Ibihano bivugwa mu gika cya mbere
cy’iyingingo ni byo bihanishwa umuntu wese ubishaka wima ibiribwa cyangwa utita
ku mwana ashinzwe kurera cyangwa umuntu ashinzwe udashoboye kwirwanaho kubera
imiterere ye mu mubiri cyangwa mu bwenge.
Kwirengagiza inshingano
z’umubyeyi cyangwa umwishingizi nta mpamvu
Umubyeyi cyangwa umwishingizi wirengagiza
kubahiriza imwe mu nshingano ze nta mpamvu yumvikana ku buryo bizahaza
ubuzima, umutekano, imibereho y’umwana we cyangwa uwo ashinzwe kurera ukiri muto,
ureka umwana cyangwa uwo ashinzwe kurera akishora mu buzererezi, ahanishwa
igifungo kuva ku mezi abiri (2) ariko kitageze ku mezi atandatu (6) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda kuva ku bihumbi
ijana (100.000) kugeza kuri miliyoni imwe (1.000.000) cyangwa kimwe gusa muri ibyo
bihano.
Umubyeyi cyangwa umwishingizi wangiza uburere bw’umwana we cyangwa uwo
ashinzwe kurera kubera kumufata nabi, gutanga ingero mbi z’ubusinzi bw’akamenyero
cyangwa kwitwara nabi, ahanishwa ibihano bivugwa mu gikacya mbere cy’iyi ngingo.
Kutita ku mwana hashingiwe ku gitsina
Umuntu wese utita ku mwana yabyaye kubera ko ari umuhungu cyangwa
umukobwa, akamutoteza cyangwa agatoteza uwo bamubyaranye, ahanishwa igifungo
kuva ku mezi atatu (3) ariko kitageze ku mezi atandatu (6) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga
kuva ku bihumbi magana atatu (300.000)
31
kugeza kuri miliyoni imwe (1.000.000).
Umuntu wese utita ku mwana ashinzwe kurera ashingiye ku gitsina, ahanishwa ibihano
bivugwa mu gika cya mbere cy’iyi ngingo.
Gufata no gukwirakwiza
ishusho cyangwa amajwi by’umwana byerekeranye
n’imikoreshereze y’ibitsina
Umuntu wese ufata ishusho cyangwa amajwi
by’umwana cyangwa ubikwirakwiza akoresheje uburyo ubwo ari bwo bwose, iyo
byerekeranye n’imikoreshereze y’ibitsina, ahanishwa igifungo kirenze imyaka itanu (5) kugeza ku myaka irindwi (7) n’ihazabu
y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda kuva kuri miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000) kugeza kuri
miliyoni icumi (10.000.000).
Kwamamaza amashusho
yerekeranye n’imikoreshereze y’ibitsina
bikorewe ku bana
Umuntu wese umurika, ugurisha, ukodesha,
ukwirakwiza cyangwa utanga amashusho, ibikoresho,amafirimu, amafoto, amadiyapozitifu n’ibindi byerekanirwaho ibintu byerekeranye n’imikoreshereze
y’ibitsina bikorewe ku bana, ahanishwa igifungo kirenze imyaka itanu (5) kugeza ku
myaka irindwi (7) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda kuva kuri miliyoni eshanu
(5.000.000) kugezakuri miliyoni makumyabiri (20.000.000).
Guta umwana cyangwa kumutererana
Umubyeyi cyangwa umwishingizi uta umwana ahantu hagaragaracyangwa
ubikoresha undi, umutererana cyangwa ubikoresha undi, akaza kuboneka, ahanishwa
igifungo kuva ku myaka ibiri (2) kugeza ku myaka itanu (5) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda kuva ku bihumbi
makumyabiri (20.000) kugeza ku bihumbi ijana (100.000).
Umubyeyi cyangwa umwishingizi uta mwana
ahantu hihishe, akaza kuboneka, ahanishwa igifungo kirenze imyaka itanu (5) kugeza ku
myaka irindwi (7), n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda kuva ku bihumbi mirongo itanu
32
(50.000) kugeza ku bihumbi magana abiri (200.000).
Gutererana umwana cyangwa kumuta
bikamutera ubumuga, urupfu cyangwa kuzimira
burundu
Iyo gutererana umwana cyangwa kumuta byamuteye ubumuga budakira, uwakoze icyo
cyaha ahanishwa igifungo kuva ku myaka irindwi (7) kugeza ku myaka icumi (10).
Iyo gutererana umwana cyangwa kumuta
byamuviriyemo urupfu cyangwa kuzimira burundu, igihano kiba igifungo cya burundu.
Gushishikariza ababyeyi guta umwana
Umuntu wese: 1° ushishikarizaababyeyi cyangwa umwe muri
bo guta umwana wabo wavutse cyangwa uzavuka; 2° wemeranyijwe n’ababyeyi b’umwana
uzavuka cyangwa umwe muri bo kuzamuta; iyo ibyo yoheje cyangwa yemeranyijwe
n’ababyeyi byashyizwe mu bikorwa, ahanishwa igifungo kuva ku mezi atandatu
(6) kugeza ku myaka ibiri (2) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda kuva ku bihumbi
magana atanu (500.000) kugeza kuri miliyoni eshatu (3.000.000) cyangwa kimwe gusa muri
ibyo bihano.
Gushimuta umwana Umuntu wese ushimuta umwana cyangwa
umufata mu buryo bw’uburiganya akamujyana mu mahanga, ahanishwa igifungo
kuva ku myaka irindwi (7) kugeza ku myaka icumi (10) n’ihazabuy’amafaranga
y’u Rwanda kuva ku bihumbi magana atanu (500.000) kugeza kuri miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000).
Ibihano by’ucuruza
umwana amushora mu buraya cyangwa mu bikorwa by’urukozasoni
Umuntu wese:
1° utesha agaciro umuco, ashishikariza, afasha cyangwa yorohereza umwana ibikorwa by’urukozasoni cyangwa uburaya kugira ngo
amare irari ry’undi muntu, ahanishwa igifungo kuva ku myaka itatu (3) kugeza ku
myaka itanu (5) n’ihazabu y'amafaranga y’u
33
Rwanda kuva kuri miliyoni ebyiri (2.000.000) kugeza kuri miliyoni eshanu
(5.000.000);
2° ushora mu buraya cyangwa mu bikorwa by’urukozasoni umwana ufite imyaka kuva kuri cumi n’ibiri (12) kugeza kuri cumi
n’umunani (18) ahanishwa igifungo kirenze imyaka itanu (5) kugeza ku myaka irindwi
(7) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y'u Rwanda kuva kuri miliyoni eshatu (3.000.000) kugeza kuri
miliyoni umunani (8.000.000); 3° ushora mu buraya cyangwa mu bikorwa
by’urukozasoni umwana utaruzuza imyaka cumi n’ibiri (12) y'amavuko, ahanishwa
igifungo kuva ku myaka irindwi (7) kugeza ku
myaka icumi (10) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda kuva kuri miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000) kugeza kuri miliyoni icumi
(10.000.000).
Ingingo ya 260: Ibihano by’ucuruza abana n’ubakoresha ibikorwa
by’urukozasoni mu nzira zitandukanye
Umuntu wese, ubwe cyangwa abinyujije ku wundi: 1° ushakisha, ushishikariza, uyobya cyangwa
uherana umwana agamije kumutoza ibikorwa by’urukozasoni kugira ngo amare
irari ry’undi muntu;
2°ufungura inyubako iberamo ibikorwa by’urukozasoni cyangwa ikorerwamo uburaya,
abana bakajya bakoreramo ibikorwa by’urukozasoni;
3° ugurisha, ukodesha cyangwa utiza
umwana inyubako cyangwa ahandi hantu agamije inyungu mu bikorwaby’urukozasoni
bikorwa n’umwana; 4° ushakira inyungu mu gukoresha umwana
ibikorwa by’urukozasoni uko byaba byakozwe kose; ahanishwa igifungo kirenze
imyaka itanu (5) kugeza ku myaka irindwi (7)
34
n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda kuva kuri miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000) kugeza
kuri miliyoni icumi (10.000.000).
lGucuruza abana bikozwe
n’amashyirahamwe y’abagizi ba nabi
Iyo ibyaha bivugwa mu ngingo ya 259
y’iri tegeko ngenga bikozwe mu rwego rw’ishyirahamwe ry’abagizi ba nabi
babigize umwuga w’ibanze cyangwa w’ingoboka, n'ubwo uwabikoze yaba atari mu
buyobozi bwaryo, bihanishwa igifungo kuva ku myaka irindwi (7) kugeza ku myaka icuni (10) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda
kuva kuri miliyoni umunani (8.000.000) kugeza kuri miliyoni cumi n’eshanu
(15.000.000).
Gushora umwana mu
biyobyabwenge
umuntu wese ushora umwana mu
biyobyabwenge mu bundi buryo ubwo ari bwo bwose, ahanishwa igifungo kirenze imyaka
itanu (5) kugeza ku myaka irindwi (7) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda kuva
ku bihumbi magana atanu (500.000) kugeza kuri miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000).
Gukoresha, koshya, gushora no
gushishikariza umwana gusabiriza
Umuntu wese ukoresha,woshya, ushora cyangwa ushishikariza umwana gusabiriza,
ahanishwa igifungo kuva ku mwaka umwe(1) kugeza ku myaka ibiri (2). Igihe
umwana wakoreshejwe mu gusabiriza asanganyweubumuga bw’umubiri cyangwa
bwo mu mutwe, igifungo kiba imyaka itatu (3).
35
UMUSOZO
Muri aka gatabo twagerageje kugaragaza mu ncamake ibikubiye mu itegeko
Itegeko N°54/2011 ryo kuwa 14/12/2011 ryerekeye uburenganzira bw’umwana
n’uburyo bwo kumurinda no kumurengera.
Birumvikana ko ibikubiye mu itegeko byose tutabivuye imuzi; twibanze ku byo
tubona ari ingenzi, ku buryo abanyarwanda benshi cyangwa bose babimenye
byaba ari intangiriro nziza yabafasha kubahiriza no kubungabunga
uburenganzira bw’umwana.
Aka gatabo ntigasimbura itegeko ryerekeye uburenganzira bw’umwana
n’uburyo bwo kumurinda no kumurengera, niyo mpamvu ari byiza ku
babishoboye kujya bagira inyota yo gusoma igazeti ya Leta ya Repubulika y’ u
Rwanda cyangwa izindi nyandiko zirebana n’amategeko bakarushaho
kwiyongerera ubumenyi.
Twongeye gushima byimazeyo abantu bose bagize uruhare mu itegurwa ry’aka
gatabo; by’umwihariko tukaba duhsimira umufatanyabikorwa wacu w’imena
GIZ wadufashije kugira ngo aka gatabo gategurwe ndetse kanasohoke.
Tubifurije mwese gukomeza kugira uruhare mu iyubahirizwa ry’uburenganzira
bw’umwana no kumurengera.
36
INYANDIKO ZIFASHISHIJWE
1. Itegeko Nshinga rya Repubulika y'u Rwanda ryo mu 2003 ryavuguruwe
mu 2015, Igazeti ya Leta, 2015, Igazeti ya Leta, 2015.
2. Itegeko Ngenga N° 01/2012/OL ryo kuwa 02/05/2012 rishyiraho igitabo
cy’amategeko ahana, Igazeti ya Leta, 2012.
3. Itegeko n°27/2016 ryo ku wa 08/07/2016 ryerekeye imicungire
y'umutungo w'abashyingiranywe, impano n' izungura, Igazeti ya Leta,
2016.
4. Itegeko n° 32/2016 ryo ku wa 28/08/2016 rigenga abantu n'umuryango
mu Rwanda, Igazeti ya Leta, 2016.
5. Itegeko n° 54/2011 ryo ku wa 14 Ukuboza 2011 ryerekeye uburenganzira
bw'umwana n'uburyo bwo kumurinda ihohoterwa; Igazeti ya Leta, 2011.