DUSOBANUKIRWE N’AMATEGEKO AGENGA IMIBURANISHIRIZE KU... · DUSOBANUKIRWE N’AMATEGEKO AGENGA IMIBURANISHIRIZE Y’IMANZA Kigali, Gicurasi 2008 . 2 . 3 IBIRIMO ... IV.2 Irangizarubanza

DUSOBANUKIRWE N’AMATEGEKO

AGENGA IMIBURANISHIRIZE

Y’IMANZA

Kigali, Gicurasi 2008

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IBIRIMO

DUSOBANUKIRWE N’AMATEGEKO AGENGA IMIBURANISHIRIZE Y’IMANZA ............................................. 1 IBIRIMO ................................................................................... 3 IRIBURIRO .............................................................................. 7 I. UBURYO IBIBAZO BISHYIKIRIZWA UMURYANGO N’UBUYOBOZI BW’IBANZE ............................................. 10 II. IMIBURANISHIRIZE MU NZEGO Z’UBUTABERA ........... 12

II.1. IMIBURANISHIRIZE MURI KOMITE

Z’ABUNZI ........................................................ 12

II.1.1 Gutanga ikirego mu bunzi ........................... 15

II.1.2 Kunga ababuranyi ....................................... 15

II.1.3 Agaciro k’umwanzuro w’Abunzi ................ 16

II.1.4 Iyo umwe mu baburanyi atishimiye

umwanzuro w’Abunzi ............................... 17

II.1.5 Gusubirishamo umwanzuro w’Abunzi........ 18

II.1.6 Andi mahame agenga abunzi: ..................... 18

II.2 IMIBURANISHIRIZE MU NKIKO .................. 20

II.2.1 Gutanga ikirego ........................................... 21

II.2.2 Amahame agenga iburanisha ry’urubanza .. 22

II.2.3 Gusiba urubanza .......................................... 22

II.2.4 Kubyutsa urubanza ...................................... 23

II.2.5 Iburanisha ry’urubanza ................................ 23

II.2.6 Ingwate ku banyamahanga .......................... 24

II.2.7 Kubyutsa ingoboka mu rubanza .................. 25

II.2.8 Kugoboka mu rubanza ................................ 26

II.2.9 Iyo umuburanyi yitabye Imana ................... 27

II.2.10 Kureka urubanza ....................................... 27

II.2.11 Gusoma urubanza ...................................... 28 III. KUJURIRA URUBANZA .................................................. 29

III. 1. Gusubirishamo urubanza ................................ 29

III.1.1 Impamvu yo gusubirishamo urubanza ....... 29

III.1.2 Igihe cyo gusubirishamo urubanza ............ 30

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III.1.3 Urukiko umuburanyi ajya gusubirishamo

urubanza ..................................................... 30

III.1.4 Ingaruka ku rubanza rwaciwe .................... 30

III.2 Kujurira urubanza ............................................. 31

III.2.1 Impamvu yo kujurira .................................. 31

III.2.2 Igihe cyo kujurira ....................................... 31

III.2.3 Urukiko umuburanyi ajya kujuriramo ....... 31


III. 3 Gusubirishamo urubanza ingingo nshya .......... 32

III.3.1 Impamvu yo gusubirishamo urubanza

ingingo nshya ............................................. 32

III.3.2 Igihe cyo gusubirishamo urubanza ingingo

nshya ......................................................... 33

III.3.3 Urukiko ujya gusubirishamo urubanza

ingingo nshya ............................................ 34


III. 4 Gutambamira urubanza rw’abandi ................... 34

III.4.1 Impamvu yo gutambamira urubanza

rw’abandi ................................................... 34

III.4.2 Igihe cyo gutambamira imikirize

y’urubanza: ................................................ 35

III.4.3 Urukiko ujya gutambamiramo urubanza: .. 35

III.4.4 Ingaruka ku rubanza rwaciwe .................... 35 IV. UBURYO BWO KURANGIZA IMANZA ........................... 38

IV.1 Irangizarubanza ry’agateganyo ......................... 38

IV.2 Irangizarubanza rya burundu ............................ 41

IV.3 Ibibazo bikunda kuboneka mu irangiza

ry’imanza ......................................................... 44

IV.4 Urubanza rurangijwe ariko umwe mu baburanyi

ntiyishimire uko rwarangijwe ................................... 46

IV.5 Ibihano byerekeranye no kurangiza

imanza ............................................................ 47 V. IBYAVUGWA KU MIBURANISHIRIZE Y’IMANZA

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NSHINJABYAHA .............................................................. 50 V.1 Gusaza ku ibyaha ............................................... 50

V. 2 Amwe mu mahame agenga gufungwa no

gukurikiranwa ................................................... 52

V.3 Gutanga ikirego nshinjabyaha ............................ 53

V.4 Kuzima kw’ikirego ............................................ 54

V.5 Gutanga ikirego cy’indishyi ............................... 54

V.6 Inzego zishinzwe gukurikirana ibyaha ............... 55

V.7 Gufungwa by’agateganyo .................................. 57

V.8 Gusubirishamo urubanza.................................... 60 UMWANZURO ...................................................................... 62 IBYO TWIFASHISHIJE ......................................................... 65

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IRIBURIRO

Urwego rw’Umuvunyi ni urwego ruteganywa n’Itegeko

nshinga ryo ku wa 04/06/2003, nk’uko ryavuguruwe

kugeza ubu, cyane cyane mu ngingo ya 182. Mu

nshingano nyinshi rwahawe zikubiye mu ngingo ya 3

y’Itegeko n°17/2005 ryo ku wa 18/08/2005 rihindura

kandi ryuzuza Itegeko n° 25/2003 ryo ku wa 15/08/2003

rigena imiterere n’imikorere y’Urwego rw’Umuvunyi

harimo :

- Guhuza umuturage n’inzego z’ubutegetsi za Leta

n’izigenga;

- Gukumira no kurwanya akarengane, ruswa

n’ibyaha bifitanye isano na yo mu nzego

z’ubutegetsi bwa Leta n’izigenga;

- Kwakira no gusuzuma ibirego by’abantu ku giti

cyabo n’iby’amashyirahamwe yigenga,

byerekeye ibikorwa by’abakozi ba Leta,

iby’inzego zayo n’iby’abikorera ku giti cyabo, no

gukangurira abo bakozi n’izo nzego gushakira

umuti ibyo bibazo iyo rusanze bifite ishingiro;

- Gukangurira abaturage kwirinda ruswa n’ibyaha

bifitanye isano na yo muri rusange no guhugura

abakozi b’inzego z’imirimo mu bigo bya Leta,

mu bigo n’imiryango bitagengwa na Leta ;

- Gukangurira abaturage gufatanya n’inzego za

Leta n’iz’abikorera ku giti cyabo kubaka igihugu

no kudatinya kwamagana imikorere mibi

ishingiye ku karengane, ruswa n’ibyaha bifitanye

isano na yo.

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Mu kuzuza izo nshingano, Urwego rw’Umuvunyi

runakira ibibazo by’abaturage birimo akarengane.

Ibibazo Urwego rwakiriye mu gihe cy’imyaka ya 2003-

2007 birimo ibibazo byerekeranye n’imanza. Muri ibi

bibazo byerekeranye n’imanza, hagaragaramo:

- imanza, ibyemezo by’inkiko n’izindi nyandiko

ziriho kashe mpuruza zitarangizwa;

- imanza zikiburanishwa, inkiko zikaba zitari

zafata umwanzuro wa nyuma;

- imanza zaburanishijwe zikarangira ariko umwe

mu baburanyi akaba atarishimiye imikirize

y’urubanza. Hari igihe izo manza ziba zaraciwe

neza ariko umwe mu baburanyi akanga kwemera

ko yatsinzwe cyangwa hari n’igihe imanza ziba

zaciwe nabi, uwo muburanyi akitabaza Urwego

agaragaza ko amategeko atakurikijwe.

Urwego rw’Umuvunyi rufasha abo baturage rubagira

inama y’icyo bakora nkuko bigaragazwa n’itegeko n°

25/2003 ryo ku wa 15/08/2003 rigena imiterere

n’imikorere y’Urwego rw’Umuvunyi nk’uko

ryavuguruwe kugeza ubu, cyane cyane mu ngingo yaryo

ya 18 ivuga ko “Kubera kudasobanukirwa neza, iyo hari

uwagejeje ku Rwego ikibazo cyagombaga kubanza

gusuzumwa n’izindi nzego zisanzwe ziteganyijwe,

Urwego rwohereza ugitanze muri izo nzego, …”. Muri

urwo rwego, Urwego rw’Umuvunyi rugira inama abafite

ibibazo byerekeranye n’imanza inzira banyuramo ariko

ntirufite ububasha bwo guhindura ibyemezo by’inkiko.

Kugira ngo abaturage bagana Urwego basobanukirwe

n’inzira banyuzamo ibibazo byabo byerekeranye

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n’imanza, hateguwe iyi mfashanyigisho. Intego y’aka

gatabo ni iyo kugira inama abaturarwanda bafite ibibazo

byerekeranye n’imanza uburyo biyambaza inzego

z’ubutabera cyangwa inzira banyuramo kugira ngo

barenganurwe igihe urubanza rukiburanishwa, rwaciwe

burundu rukaba rugomba kurangizwa n’igihe atishimiye

imyanzuro y’inkiko.

Abaturarwanda basanzwe bagana Urwego rw’Umuvunyi

bazarushaho kumenya ibibazo rwakira, basobanukirwe

inzira banyuzamo ibibazo byabo byerekeranye n’imanza

kandi ibyo bibarinde guhora basiragira mu nzego cyane

cyane iyo batishimiye imyanzuro y’inkiko.

Muri aka gatabo, turasangamo ibice bikurikira:

- Intangiriro;

- Uburyo bwo gutanga ibirego mu nzego

z’ubuyobozi;

- Imiburanishirize y’urubanza;

- Kujurira urubanza;

- Uburyo bwo kurangiza urubanza;

- Ibyavugwa mu miburanishirize y’imanza

nshinjabyaha;

- Umwanzuro.

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I. UBURYO IBIBAZO

BISHYIKIRIZWA UMURYANGO

N’UBUYOBOZI BW’IBANZE

Abaturage barakangurirwa kugira uruhare rugaragara mu

gukemura ibibazo byabo kuko ari bo baba babizi neza.

Hari igihe ibibazo bidakemuka neza kuko abaturage baba

batagize uruhare mu ikemurwa ryabyo cyangwa ibindi

bikananirana bikabyara akarengane1 biturutse ku buryo

abaturage babyitwayemo. Abaturage ni bo bazi ukuri

kandi ukuri kurakenewe kugira ngo ikibazo kibonerwe

umwanzuro nyakuri kandi urambye. Ni ngombwa ko

abaturage bagira ubutwari bwo kugaragaza ukuri ku

bibazo byose bivutse aho gutinya kwiteranya, bakagira

uruhare mu ikemurwa ryabyo ndetse bagafasha no

kurenganura abashobora kuba barengana.

Abaturage bagomba kwikemurira ibibazo, bigakemukira

mu ngo no mu miryango yabo cyane cyane ko

“Umuryango ari wo shingiro kamere ry’imbaga

y’Abanyarwanda“2. Ikibazo kivutse kigomba kubanza

gushakirwa umuti mu muryango, cyananirana abaturage

bakiyambaza abavandimwe n’abaturanyi kandi

b’inyangamugayo, cyaburirwa umuti bakabona

kwiyambaza inzego z’ubuyobozi zibegereye. Ni

1 Akarengane ni ukuvutswa uburenganzira umuntu afite cyangwa

yemererwa n’amategeko. Ubwo burenganzira ashobora kubuvutswa

n’umuntu uwo ari we wese ku giti cye, cyangwa n’ubuyobozi

bw’inzego za Leta n’izigenga. 2 Ingingo ya 27 y’Itegeko Nshinga rya Repubulika y’u Rwanda ryo

ku wa 04/06/2003 nk’uko ryavuguruwe kugeza ubu.

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ngombwa rero ko abaturage bitabaza umuryango

bagatanga ibibazo, ukagifataho umwanzuro mbere y’uko

kijyanwa mu buyobozi.

Ikibazo cyagiye mu muryango kikananirana

gishyikirizwa ubuyobozi. Abaturage bagomba kwirinda

gusimbuka inzego aho usanga umuturage agira ikibazo,

akihutira mu nzego zo hejuru nk’Akarere, Intara,

Minisiteri n’izindi nzego. Iyo abaturage bahereye mu

nzego zo hejuru basubizwa mu nzego zibegereye kugira

ngo zibafashe, zinakurikirane ibyo bibazo; hari n’ubwo

izo nzego zo hejuru zifashisha ubuyobozi bw’ibanze mu

gukemura icyo kibazo. Abaturage bagomba kandi

kwirinda gushyikiriza inzego nyinshi zinyuranye ikibazo

kimwe mu gihe kimwe kuko baba bazigonganisha,

ugasanga kirakurikiranwa n’inzego nyinshi icyarimwe,

ndetse ku buryo zishobora gufata ibyemezo binyuranye.

Muri rusange, ikibazo cyananiranye mu muryango no

mu baturanyi gishyikirizwa umudugudu, cyananirana

kikajya mu kagari ndetse no mu murenge. Ikibazo

kivuye mu nzego z’ibanze kitareba ubuyobozi kigomba

kujya mu nzego z’ubutabera.

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II. IMIBURANISHIRIZE MU NZEGO

Z’UBUTABERA

Umuturage utishimiye imyanzuro y’ubuyobozi kandi

yumva arengana afite uburenganzira bwo kwiyambaza

inzego z’ubutabera.

Ibyinshi mu birego bitangirira muri Komite z’Abunzi

nk’uko biteganywa n’Itegeko Nshinga cyane cyane mu

ngingo ya 159. Zishinzwe kunga ababuranyi igihe cyose

mbere yo gushyikiriza Urukiko ruburanisha mu rwego

rwa mbere ibirego mu manza zimwe zigenwa n’Itegeko.

II.1. IMIBURANISHIRIZE MURI KOMITE

Z’ABUNZI

Komite z’Abunzi zifite ububasha zihabwa n’Itegeko

Ngenga N° 31/2006 ryo ku wa 14/08/2006 rigena

Imiterere, Ifasi, Ububasha n’Imikorere bya Komite

y’Abunzi. Bumwe mu bubasha zihabwa n’itegeko ni

ugusuzuma:

a) Ibibazo by’imbonezamubano:

- amasambu n’indi mitungo itimukanwa iyo agaciro

kabyo katarengeje miliyoni eshatu (3000000)

z’amafaranga y’u Rwanda;

- amatungo n’indi mitungo yimukanwa, iyo agaciro

kabyo katarengeje miliyoni imwe (1000000)

y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda;

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- kutubahiriza amasezerano iyo ikiburanwa

kitarengeje miliyoni imwe (1000000)

y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda;

- Ibibazo by’umuryango, uretse mu gihe igisabwa

ari ugufata icyemezo ku irangamimerere

y’abantu;

- Izungura iyo ikiburanwa kitarengeje miliyoni

eshatu ( 3 000 000) z’amafaranga y’u Rwanda.

Hari ibibazo by’imbonezamubano Komite z’Abunzi

zitemerewe gusuzuma: ibibazo birebana n’amasezerano

y’ubucuruzi (urugero nk’ay’ibigo by’imari iciriritse,

ay’amasosiyete y’ubucuruzi), ay’umurimo (urugero nko

gusesa amasezerano y’umurimo, kwirukanwa kubera

ikosa rikomeye...) atarengeje agaciro k’ibihumbi ijana

(100000) by’amafaranga y’u Rwanda, ayakoranywe

n’inzego z’ubutegetsi bwa Leta, ay’ubwishingizi

cyangwa iyo abagiranye amasezerano bateganyije ko

ikibazo cyabo kizakemurwa biciye mu bukemurampaka.

Ibyo bibazo bishyikirizwa inkiko zibigenewe ku rwego

rwa mbere.

Komite z’Abunzi ntizemerewe kandi gusuzuma ibirego

byerekeranye no gufata icyemezo ku irangamimerere

y’abantu, n’ubwo akenshi zibirengaho. Ibyo bibazo ni

nk’icyo gushakisha umubyeyi (recherche de paternité ou

de maternité), ubutane (divorce), ... Abunzi bagomba

kwirinda kurenga ku bubasha bahabwa n’itegeko.

b) Bimwe mu bibazo by’inshinjabyaha abunzi

bemerewe gusuzuma :

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- gukuraho cyangwa kwimura imbibi z’ubutaka

n’ibibanza;

- konesha cyangwa konona imyaka ku buryo ubwo

ari bwo bwose, iyo ibyoneshejwe cyangwa

ibyononwe bitarengeje agaciro ka miliyoni eshatu

(3 000 000) z’amafaranga y’u Rwanda ;

- gutukana ;

- gusebanya, uretse igihe bikozwe n’ibinyamakuru ;

- kwiba imyaka cyangwa ibihingwa bikiri mu

murima, mu gihe iyo myaka cyangwa ibihingwa

byibwe bitarengeje agaciro ka miliyoni eshatu

(3 000 000) z’amafaranga y’u Rwanda ;

- ubujura bworoheje iyo icyibwe bitarengeje agaciro

ka miliyoni imwe (1 000 000) y’amafaranga y’u

Rwanda ;

- ubuhemu iyo ikiburanwa kitarengeje agaciro ka

miliyoni imwe (1 000 000) y’amafaranga y’u

Rwanda, keretse ubwakorewe ibigo by’imari ;

- kwica cyangwa gukomeretsa bikomeye

utabigambiriye amatungo cyangwa inyamaswa

by’undi iyo ayo matungo cyangwa inyamaswa

byishwe cyangwa byakomerekejwe bitarengeje

agaciro ka miliyoni eshatu (3 000 000) z’amafaranga

y’u Rwanda3.

3 Ububasha mu bibazo by’inshinjacyaha bugaragara mu ngingo ya 9

y’Itegeko No 31/2006 ryo ku wa 14/08/2006. Ububasha bw’Abunzi

bwagaragajwe bureba ibibazo bikunda kugarukwaho cyane

n’abaturage.

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II.1.1 Gutanga ikirego mu bunzi

Ufite ikibazo ashaka ko gikemurwa na Komite

y’Abunzi kandi kiri mu bubasha bwabo

agishyikiriza, mu mvugo cyangwa mu nyandiko,

Umunyamabanga Nshingwabikorwa w’Akagari

cyangwa se uri mu mwanya we ;

Umunyamabanga Nshingwabikorwa w’Akagari

agikorera inyandiko mu gitabo cy’ibirego ;

Umunyamabanga Nshingwabikorwa w’Akagari ahita

yuzuza impapuro zitumiza ufitanye ikibazo

n’uwagitanze, agasobanura muri make imiterere

y’ikibazo, ahantu, umunsi n’isaha byo kwitabiraho.

II.1.2 Kunga ababuranyi

Ku munsi wo kwitabiraho, abafitanye ikibazo

bahitamo, muri Komite y’Abunzi, Abunzi batatu

bumvikanyweho, bakabashyikiriza ikibazo

cyabo. Iyo badashoboye kumvikana ku bunzi

batatu, buri wese ahitamo umwunzi we, aba na

bo bakumvikana ku wa gatatu. Iyo bahurije kuri

umwe, ahitamo abandi babiri bamufasha;

Kunga bikorerwa mu ruhame, keretse iyo abunzi

babyibwirije cyangwa babisabwe, basanze

ikirego gikwiye gusuzumwa mu muhezo kubera

imiterere yacyo.

Abunzi bagomba kuba bakemuye ikibazo mu

gihe kitarenze iminsi mirongo itatu uhereye

igihe ikibazo cyandikiwe mu gitabo cy’ibibazo

bya Komite y’Abunzi ;

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Iyo bakemura impaka, Abunzi bumvikanisha

impande zombi. Iyo kumvikanisha impande

zombi binaniranye, bafata umwanzuro bakurikije

umutimanama wabo n’amategeko, kimwe

n’umuco w’aho ikibazo gikemurirwa, upfa gusa

kuba utanyuranye n’amategeko yanditse ;

Umwanzuro w’Abunzi ufatwa ku bwumvikane

hagati yabo, bitashoboka ugafatwa ku bwiganze

burunduye bw’amajwi ;

Abunzi ntibemerewe gutanga ibihano

biteganyijwe n’amategeko ahana ;

Umuburanyi watumijwe ntiyitabe, arongera

agatumizwa, akanamenyeshwa ko ku munsi

atumijweho, Abunzi bazafata umwanzuro yaba

yitabye cyangwa atitabye ;

Umwanzuro ushyirwa mu nyandikomvugo,

ishyirwaho umukono n’Abunzi bose bagize

inteko n’abarebwa bose n’icyo kibazo, kunga

bikirangira ;

Umwanzuro ugomba kuboneka wanditse kandi

usinye mu gihe kitarenze iminsi itanu kuva

ufashwe ;

Inyandiko y’Abunzi igomba gushyirwaho kashe

ya Komite z’Abunzi.

II.1.3 Agaciro k’umwanzuro w’Abunzi

Umwanzuro wafashwe n’abunzi ukemerwa

n’ababuranyi ufatwa kuri bo nk’amasezerano

bumvikanyeho, ariko adashobora kuba

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yakwitwazwa ku bandi bantu batarebwa n’icyo

kibazo ;

Umwe mu bafitanye ikibazo yanze kubahiriza

umwanzuro wafashwe n’Abunzi, umuburanyi

bibangamiye ashobora gusaba ko ushyirwa mu

bikorwa ku gahato. Icyo gihe asaba Perezida

w’Urukiko rw’Ibanze gushyira kashe mpuruza

kuri iyo nyandikomvugo y’Abunzi. Perezida

ntashobora kwanga kuyishyiraho keretse gusa mu

gihe ibikubiye mu mwanzuro cyangwa ishyirwa

mu bikorwa ryabyo binyuranyije n’amategeko

ndemyagihugu. Icyo gihe abimenyesha abunzi

bafashe icyemezo.

II.1.4 Iyo umwe mu baburanyi atishimiye

umwanzuro w’Abunzi

Umuburanyi utemeye umwanzuro wafashwe

n’abunzi ashobora, mu gihe kitarenze iminsi

mirongo itatu uhereye ku munsi nyir’ubwite

yamenyesherejweho umwanzuro w’inteko

wanditse, kuregera Urukiko rufite ububasha bwo

kuburanisha icyo kibazo mu rwego rwa mbere;

Iyo ari ikibazo gishamikiye ku cyaha cyakozwe,

mu gihe ukekwaho kuba yaragikoze atemera ko

yagikoze, uwagikorewe ashyikiriza umwanzuro

w’abunzi Polisi y’Igihugu kugira ngo ikomeze

ikurikirane icyo cyaha mu gihe kitarenze iminsi

mirongo itatu uhereye ku munsi nyir’ubwite

yamenyesherejweho umwanzuro w’inteko

wanditse;

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Iyo ukekwaho icyaha yemera ko yakoze icyaha

ariko ntiyemere umwanzuro w’Abunzi ku buryo

bwo kurangiza ikibazo ku byerekeranye

n’indishyi , icyo gihe ashobora kuregera Urukiko

rufite ububasha bwo kuburanisha icyo kibazo

cy’indishyi mu rwego rwa mbere;

Ingingo zumvikanyweho n’abafitanye ikibazo

imbere y’Abunzi ntizishobora kuregerwa.

Urukiko rusuzuma gusa ingingo urega anenga ku

mwanzuro wafashwe n’Abunzi kandi atigeze

yemera imbere yabo.

II.1.5 Gusubirishamo umwanzuro w’Abunzi

Umwanzuro wafashwe umwe mu bafitanye

ikibazo adahari ntushobora kuregerwa mbere

y’uko usabirwa gusubirwamo ;

Umwanzuro w’abunzi ushobora gusubirwamo

mu gihe kitarenze iminsi icumi uhereye igihe

usubirishamo urubanza yamenyesherejwe

umwanzuro w’abunzi ;

II.1.6 Andi mahame agenga abunzi:

Umurimo w’abagize Komite y’Abunzi ni

umurimo w’ubwitange udahemberwa4.

4 Abunzi ntibagomba kwakira impano iyo ari yo yose y’ababuranyi

kugira ngo bakurikirane ibibazo byabo. Iyo mpano ifatwa nka

Ruswa. Ruswa ni uburyo cyangwa igikorwa cyose cyo gukoresha

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Abunzi bagomba kwirinda guca amafaranga

kubera ibirego bakiriye: ayo mafaranga bayita

igihano cy’abunzi, umusangiro, igarama

ry’abunzi cyangwa inzoga z’abagabo, impapuro

z’ihamagara,.... Usanga bamwe mu bunzi

basigaye bashyira no mu mwanzuro wabo ko

bunze ababuranyi, bakandika ko umuburanyi

watsinzwe agomba gutanga ”Frw 5000 y’inzoga

y’umusangiro kandi agatanga amafaranga yo

gukurikirana urubanza”. Ibyo binyuranyije

n’amategeko agenga Komite z’Abunzi.

Abunzi ntibemerewe gusubira mu bibazo

byakurikiranwe n’inkiko zikabifataho imyanzuro.

Kudasubira mu kirego cyaburanishijwe n’inkiko

ni ihame ryo mu mategeko rivuga ko nta rubanza

rushobora kuburanishwa kabiri (non bis in idem).

Iyo umuburanyi atemeye umwanzuro wafashwe

n’Abunzi aregera mu gihe kitarenze iminsi

mirongo itatu Urukiko rw’Ibanze. Ni ngombwa

ko ababuranyi bahabwa imyanzuro y’Abunzi ku

gihe cyateganyijwe n’amategeko kugira ngo

bitaba intandaro yo kwanga kwakira ikirego

cyabo mu rukiko.

nabi ububasha wahawe mu nyungu zawe bwite cyangwa se

iz’agatsiko runaka.

20

II.2 IMIBURANISHIRIZE MU NKIKO

Umuturage afite uburenganzira bwo gutanga ikirego mu

nkiko, ariko agomba kuba afite ububasha, inyungu

n’ubushobozi bwo kurega. Ibyo bivuze ko amategeko

asanzwe arebana n’ububasha yubahirizwa. Ingero

twatanga : ububasha burebana n’uko umuburanyi

agomba kuba afite imyaka 21 y’ubukure, umuburanyi

udafite imyaka 21 agomba kuba afite umuhagarariye

igihe atanga ikirego, niba ikiburanwa gisangiwe n’abantu

benshi, utanga ikirego agomba kuba afite icyemezo cyo

guhagarira umuryango cyangwa abandi, niba ari ikirego

cyo gushaka ababyeyi kigomba gutangwa mu izina

ry’umwana, …

Itegeko rivuga kandi ko agomba gutanga igarama

ry’Urukiko. Iteka rya Minisitiri N° 001 ryo ku wa

06/01/2005 rigena amagarama y’Urukiko mu manza

z’inshinjabyaha naho Iteka rya Minisitiri N° 002 ryo ku

wa 06/01/2005 rikagena amagarama y’Urukiko mu

manza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo

n’iz’ubutegetsi. Muri rusange umubare w’amafaranga

atangwaho ingwate imbere y’umwanditsi w’Urukiko

ntushobora kujya munsi y’amafaranga 2. 000 mu Rukiko

rw’Ibanze, 4. 000 mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye, 6. 000 mu

Rukiko Rukuru rwa Repubulika cyangwa 8. 000 frw mu

Rukiko rw’Ikirenga.

21

Hari abantu Itegeko risonera gutanga ingwate

y’amagarama ari bo :5

1°.Abatindi nyakujya, iyo berekanye icyemezo

cy’ubutindi nyakujya gitangwa n’inzego z’ubutegetsi

zibishinzwe z’aho batuye;

2°. Leta y’u Rwanda, uretse ibigo byayo bifite ubuzima

gatozi;

3°. Umuntu ufunzwe.

II.2.1 Gutanga ikirego

Buri rukiko ruburanisha mu rwego rwa mbere

ruregerwa rwandikiwe ikirego cyangwa kivuzwe

mu magambo n’urega ubwe, umwunganira

cyangwa undi muntu yabihereye ububasha ;

ababuranyi bakurikirana urubanza bubahiriza

inshingano zabo. Ni bo bakora ibijyanye

n’inyandiko z’iburanisha mu buryo no mu gihe

cyagenwe6.

5 Ingingo ya 26 y’Itegeko N° 09/2006 ryo ku wa 02/03/2006

rihindura kandi ryuzuza Itegeko N° 18/2004 ryo ku wa 20/06/2004

ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano,

iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi 6 Iyo umuburanyi afite aho abarizwa hazwi, inyandiko y’ihamagara

igomba kuba yamugezeho mbere y’iminsi umunani y’akazi yuzuye,

uhereye umunsi umuburanyi yamenyesherejweho itumirwa rye

n’uwo agomba kwitabaho. Ibi ntibireba umuburanyi udafite aho

abarizwa hazwi mu Rwanda ariko afite aho abarizwa hazwi mu

mahanga (amezi abiri) cyangwa udafite aho abarizwa hazwi mu

Rwanda no mu mahanga.

22

Aha twakwibutsa ko inyandiko zikoreshwa mu nkiko ari

nyinshi. Harimo inyandiko z’ihamagara, imenyesha

imikirize y’urubanza, icyemezo cyishyuza kibanziriza

ifatira, inyandiko mvugo y’ifatirabwishyu,

inyandikomvugo y’ifatiratambama, inyandikomvugo

y’icyamunara, ...

II.2.2 Amahame agenga iburanisha ry’urubanza

Umucamanza aca urubanza ku cyasabwe cyose kandi

kuri icyo cyonyine ;

Nta muburanyi ushobora gucirwa urubanza

atumviswe cyangwa ahamagarwe.

II.2.3 Gusiba urubanza

Iyo urega atitabye Urukiko nta mpamvu, uregwa

ashobora gusaba ko urubanza rusibwa cyangwa

agasaba ko ruburanishwa mu mizi yarwo,

urubanza ruciwe rukazafatwa nk’aho

rwaburanishijwe ababuranyi bahari, keretse iyo

urukiko, ku nyungu z’ubutabera, rusanze ari

ngombwa ko urubanza rwimurirwa ku yindi

tariki kugira ngo urega yongere guhamagarwa ;

Urubanza rushobora gusibwa, icyo cyemezo kiba

kivanyeho urubanza n’amagarama yose yatanzwe

agaherera k’urega.

23

II.2.4 Kubyutsa urubanza

Kubyutsa urubanza bikorwa mu gihe cy’iminsi

cumi n’itanu (15) kuva umunsi urubanza

rwasibweho ariko uwagize ikosa kugira ngo

urubanza rusibwe abanza kugaragaza impamvu

ikomeye yamubujije kuza kuburana mbere.

Urukiko rwaregewe ni rwo rufite ububasha bwo

kubimwemerera rusanze impamvu atanga ari zo.

Icyemezo rufashe ntikijuririrwa.

Kubyutsa urubanza mu rwego rw’ubujurire

ntibihagarika irangiza ryarwo.

II.2.5 Iburanisha ry’urubanza

Iyo mu iburanisha rya mbere uregwa atitabye nta

mpamvu, urega ashobora gusaba ko urubanza

rwimurirwa ku yindi tariki cyangwa se gusaba ko

ruburanishwa uregwa adahari.

Iyo nyuma y’iburanisha rya mbere, uregwa

atongeye kugaruka mu iburanishwa ry’urwo

rubanza cyangwa iyo yitabye akanga kugira icyo

avuga ku rubanza rwe, urega ashobora gukomeza

urubanza rwe asaba Urukiko kuburana uregwa

adahari cyangwa se gusaba kurwimurira mu

minsi icumi n’itanu uregwa amaze

kubimenyeshwa yihanangirijwe. Nyuma y’aho

urega ashobora gusaba ko urubanza yaregeye

rucibwa. Urwo rubanza rufatwa

nk’urwaburanishijwe ababuranyi bombi bahari.

24

Iburanisha ry’urubanza rikorwa mu ruhame.

Cyakora iyo Urukiko rusanga kuburanisha mu

ruhame byatera impagarara cyangwa se

byabangamira umuco w’imbonezabupfura

n’uburenganzira bw’abantu mu mibereho yabo

ndetse n’iyo umuburanyi abisabye

akabyemererwa, Urukiko rufata icyemezo ko

iburanisha rikorwa mu muhezo kandi

rugasobanura n’impamvu yabyo (ingingo ya 66).

II.2.6 Ingwate ku banyamahanga

Usibye igihe baregera ibyabo bavukijwe kandi

babifitiye ibimenyetso, abanyamahanga bose,

bareze bwa mbere cyangwa bagobotse mu

rubanza, bisabwe n’uregwa, mbere y’iyindi

nzitizi mu rubanza, bagomba gutanga amafaranga

y’ingwate ashobora kuvamo amagarama

n’indishyi z’akababaro bashobora gucibwa,

uretse igihe haba hariho amasezerano ibihugu

by’amahanga byaba byaragiranye n’u Rwanda

asonera abaturage babyo ingwate (caution

judicatum solvi) (ingingo ya 81);

Urega w’umunyamahanga asonerwa gutanga

ingwate iyo yerekanye umutungo utimukanwa

afite mu Rwanda ushobora kuvamo ingwate

isabwa (ingingo ya 82);

25

II.2.7 Kubyutsa ingoboka mu rubanza

Umuburanyi ubyukije ingoboka y’iburabubasha

agomba kuyisobanura no kugaragaza Urukiko

avuga ko rufite ububasha bwo kumuburanisha.

Icyemezo gifatwa uwo mwanya.

Iyo umwe mu baburanyi atishimiye imikirize

y’Urukiko kuri icyo cyemezo agomba

kukijuririra mu gihe cy’iminsi cumi n’itanu (15).

Urukiko rufata icyemezo kuri ubwo bujurire mu

minsi cumi n’itanu (15) uhereye ku munsi

bwakoreweho (ingingo ya 85).

Iyo Urukiko rwemeje ko rufite ububasha,

umuburanyi utishimiye icyo cyemezo akijuririra

hamwe n’urubanza rw’iremezo ;

Impamvu zituma ikirego kitakirwa7 zishobora

gutangwa aho urubanza rwaba rugeze hose,

uretse ububasha bw’ubucamanza bwo guca

indishyi ababa baratinze gutanga izo mpamvu

hakiri kare bagamije gutinza urubanza. Izo

mpamvu zigomba kugaragazwa n’Urukiko

rubyibwirije iyo ari ndemyagihugu, nko kurenza

igihe cyo kujurira cyangwa kutagira inyungu zo

kurega (ingingo ya 95-96).

7 Impamvu ituma ikirego kitakirwa ni ingingo yose isaba kutakira

ikirego cy’umuburanyi, hatinjiwe mu iremezo ryacyo, kubera ko

adafite uburenganzira bwo kurega, nko kuba adafite ububasha

n’inyungu zo kurega, ubusaze bw’ikirego, kurenza igihe cyo kurega,

urubanza rwabaye itegeko cyangwa kudatanga amagarama

26

II.2.8 Kugoboka mu rubanza

Umuntu wese afite uburenganzira bwo kugoboka

mu rubanza ataregeye cyangwa atarezwemo, mu

nkiko zose n’igihe cyose, iyo urwo rubanza

rushobora kugira icyo rumurenganyaho.

Ashobora kugoboka ku bushake bwe cyangwa

abihatiwe8 (ingingo ya 112). Kugira ngo ikirego

cye cyakirwe, ugoboka agomba kugaragaza

inyungu yemewe n’amategeko, itaziguye kandi

ye bwite yaba ishingiye ku mutungo we cyangwa

ku mutimanama (ingingo ya 114) akabisaba mu

buryo bwo kuregera Urukiko kandi agatanga

ingwate y’amagarama ;

Umuntu wese utaburana urubanza akaba

ategereje ko rucibwa arutambamire kandi hari

umuburanyi ushaka kumufatanya n’uwo

baburana ngo abatsindire mu rubanza rumwe

ashobora gusabirwa n’ubifitemo inyungu

guhatirwa kugoboka9 muri urwo rubanza

(ingingo ya 117).

8 Kugoboka ku bushake ni igihe umuntu, ku bwende bwe, yinjiye

mu rubanza atareze cyangwa atarezwemo, kugira ngo yemeze ko

ikiburanwa ari icye cyangwa kugira ngo yizere ko uburenganzira

bwe budahungabanywa n’icyemezo cy’urukiko 9 Guhatirwa kugoboka ni uburenganzira bw’ababuranyi bo kuzana

mu rubanza umuntu utarurezwemo

27

II.2.9 Iyo umuburanyi yitabye Imana

Iyo urubanza rugeze igihe cyo gucibwa, urupfu

rw’ababuranaga, guhindura imimerere cyangwa

kuva ku mirimo kwabo ntibibuza urukiko kuruca.

Ariko iyo rutaragera igihe cyo gucibwa,

hakaboneka izo mpamvu, Urukiko ruhamagara

abafite ububasha bwo kurukomeza

(nk’abazungura ba nyakwigendera) kandi

bategetswe kwitaba, iyo banze rucibwa badahari

(ingingo ya 128- 130).

II.2.10 Kureka urubanza

Urega ashobora kureka urubanza, akareka

kuruburana n’uwo yaregaga akabyemera.

Kwemera kureka urubanza ni ukwemera ko

ibintu bisubira uko byari bimeze, impande zombi

zikabyumvikanaho, mbere y’uko ruregerwa ;

Uregwa ashobora kwemera icyo aregwa aho

urubanza rwaba rugeze hose. Uwemeye ikirego

aba yemeye ibyo umuburanyi we amurega

cyangwa arangiza ibyo Urukiko rumutegetse ;

Urubanza rwose rwaregewe rugahagarara amezi

atandatu (6) rutaburanywe biturutse ku mpamvu

z’urega ntiruba rukiburanishijwe rutongeye

gutangirwa ingwate y’amagarama bundi bushya.

28

II.2.11 Gusoma urubanza

Urubanza ruraburanishwa rukarangira,

abacamanza bakajya impaka mu muhezo, nyuma

urubanza rugasomerwa mu ruhame;

- Urubanza rudasomewe mu ruhame ruta agaciro

karwo. Igihe umucamanza asoma urubanza

agaragaza: itegeko ryakurikijwe, ingingo Urukiko

rwashingiyeho, impamvu ibimenyetso bimwe

byahawe agaciro, impamvu ibindi bimenyetso

bitahawe agaciro. Matolewa10

igomba kuba ifite

umukono cyangwa imikono y’abacamanza11

baruciye n’uw’umwanditsi w’urukiko wari mu

isomwa ryarwo.

- Urubanza rwose rugomba gusomwa rwanditse

mu gihe kitarenze iminsi 30 uhereye igihe

iburanisha ryasorejwe. Iyo bitabaye ibyo

abacamanza bashobora kubihanirwa.

10

Ni kopi y’urubanza 11

Urubanza ruburanishwa mu rwego rwa mbere n’umucamanza

umwe; rukaburanishwa mu rwego rw’ubujurire n’abacamanza

batatu.

29

III. KUJURIRA URUBANZA12

Umuburanyi waburanye urubanza Urukiko rugafata

umwanzuro atishimiye afite inzira zo gusaba ko urwo

rukiko ruhindura icyemezo rwafashe. Icyo gihe

umuburanyi afite inzira zo gusubirishamo urubanza

(opposition), kujurira (appel) no gusubirishamo urubanza

ingingo nshya (révision). Iyo ushaka ko urubanza

ruhindurwa atari umuburanyi muri urwo rubanza

akoresha inzira yo gutambamira urubanza rw’abandi

(tierce opposition) iyo atigeze arumenya mbere ngo

agoboke muri urwo rubanza.

Itegeko riteganya igihe izo nzira z’ubujurire zikoreshwa

n’ingaruka ku rubanza rwajuririwe.

III. 1. Gusubirishamo urubanza

III.1.1 Impamvu yo gusubirishamo urubanza

Gusubirishamo urubanza bigamije ko urubanza

rwaciwe umwe mu baburanyi adahari rusubirwamo.

Ni inzira ikoreshwa gusa n’umuburanyi utaritabye

urukiko urubanza rukaburanishwa adahari ariko

agomba kugaragaza impamvu ikomeye yamubujije

kwitaba.

12

Ni inzira zose zituma urubanza rwaciwe ruhindurwa (voies de

recours). Kujurira urubanza (appel) ni imwe muri izo nzira.

30

III.1.2 Igihe cyo gusubirishamo urubanza

Uregwa waciriwe urubanza adahari agatsindwa

ashobora gusaba ko urubanza rwe rusubirwamo mu

gihe kitarenze iminsi cumi n’itanu (15) amaze

kurumenyeshwa we ubwe, cyangwa iminsi cumi 15

uhereye kuva umunsi yamenyeye ubwe ko hagize

igikorwa cya mbere cyo kurangiza urubanza.

Urukiko ntirushobora kwemera gusubira mu rubanza

rwasabiwe gusubirwamo rwararangijwe ku ngingo

zose.

III.1.3 Urukiko umuburanyi ajya gusubirishamo

urubanza

Urukiko rwaciye urubanza

III.1.4 Ingaruka ku rubanza rwaciwe

- Gusubirishamo urubanza bituma ingingo zari

zaraciweho urubanza umuburanyi adahari

zongera gusuzumwa mu mizi yazo;

- Urubanza rwasubirishijwemo ruteshwa agaciro

n’urubanza ruruhindura;

- Kurangiza urubanza rwaciwe uregwa atitabye

biba bihagaze mu gihe cyateganyijwe

gusubirishamo urubanza keretse iyo urukiko

rwagennye ko ruzarangizwa by’agateganyo;

- Gusubirishamo urubanza rwaciwe urega atitabye

bihagarika irangiza ryarwo keretse iyo urukiko

rwagennye ko ruzarangizwa by’agateganyo.

31

III.2 Kujurira urubanza

III.2.1 Impamvu yo kujurira

Umuntu wese wabaye umuburanyi mu rubanza

rusoza iburanisha ku rwego rwa mbere ashobora

kurujuririra iyo abifitemo inyungu.

Uregwa mu rukiko rujuririrwa ashobora na we

kujurira yuririye ku bujurire bw’urega

III.2.2 Igihe cyo kujurira

Igihe ntarengwa cyo kujurira ni iminsi 30 uhereye ku

munsi w’isomwa ry’urubanza (n’iyo umuburanyi

yamenyeshwa isomwa ntiyitabe) cyangwa iminsi 30

kuva ku munsi yamenyesherejwe urwo rubanza

ahawe urwandiko rw’imenyesha ubwe cyangwa

rushyikirijwe iwe mu rugo cyangwa mu icumbi rye

III.2.3 Urukiko umuburanyi ajya kujuriramo

Urukiko rwisumbuye urwaciye urubanza13


Ubujurire butuma ikibazo gisubira uko cyari kimeze

mbere y’uko gicibwaho urubanza rujuririrwa, ariko

ku ngingo zajuririwe gusa;

13

Inkiko zisanzwe zikurikirana ku buryo bukurikira : Urukiko

rw’Ibanze, Urukiko Rwisumbuye, Urukiko Rukuru Rwa Repubulika

n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga. Buri rukiko ruba rufite ibirego bishobora

kuregerwamo bitewe n’ikiburanwa. Ariko hari n’inkiko zihariye ari

zo Inkiko Gacaca n’Inkiko za Gisirikare.

32

- Urukiko mu rwego rw’ubujurire rufata icyemezo

ku ngingo zatumye uwatanze ubujurire ajurira

cyangwa uwabwuririyeho na we akajurira;

- Irangizwa ry’urubanza riba rihagaritswe mu gihe

cyo kujurira cyateganyijwe n’amategeko, keretse

iyo irangizwa ry’agateganyo ryategetswe n’urwo

rubanza;

- Kujuririra urubanza iyo bikozwe bihagarika

irangizwa ryarwo, keretse iyo urwo rubanza

rwategetse irangizwa ry’agateganyo cyangwa

rikaba ryarategetswe14

n’ubujurire mbere yo

kurukemura.

III. 3 Gusubirishamo urubanza ingingo nshya

III.3.1 Impamvu yo gusubirishamo urubanza ingingo

nshya

- Gusubirishamo urubanza ingingo nshya ni

ugushaka ko urubanza rwaciwe burundu

ruvanwaho hakongera gusuzumwa bundi bushya

uko ibintu byagenze n’uko amategeko

abiteganya.

- Umuntu wemerewe gusubirishamo urubanza ni

umuntu wabaye umuburanyi cyangwa

ahagarariwe mu rubanza rusabirwa gusubirwamo.

- Urubanza rushobora gusubirishwamo ingingo

nshya ku mpamvu zikurikira:

14

Umuburanyi ashobora gusaba urukiko rw’ubujurire ko urubanza

rurangizwa ry’agateganyo

33

iyo habayeho uburinganya bwagize ingaruka ku

mikirize y’urubanza , kandi bukaba butarigeze

bumenywa n’uwatsinzwe mu gihe cy’iburana;

iyo baciye urubanza bashingiye ku mpapuro, ku

buhamya cyangwa indahiro byaje kugaragara

cyangwa kwemezwa n’urukiko ko ari ibihimbano

nyuma y’icibwa ry’urwo rubanza;

iyo kuva aho urubanza ruciriwe habonetse

ibimenyetso bya kamarampaka bigaragaza neza

akarengane katewe n’urubanza rusabirwa

gusubirishwamo;

iyo urubanza rushingiye ku itegeko rinyuranyije

n’Itegeko Nshinga cyangwa ku rubanza

rw’inshinjabyaha byaje gukurwaho nyuma;

iyo urubanza rushingiye ku byakozwe mu

iburanisha bikozwe mu izina ry’umuntu utarigeze

atanga ubwo bubasha mu buryo ubwo ari bwo

bwose, cyangwa ngo yemere cyangwa ngo

yemeze ibyakozwe.

- Urubanza rwo gusubirishamo urubanza ingingo

nshya ntabwo rwakirwa, iyo ikirego cyerekeye

urubanza rwabisabiwe mbere.

III.3.2 Igihe cyo gusubirishamo urubanza ingingo

nshya

Igihe ntarengwa ni amezi abiri kuva igihe impamvu

ituma urwo rubanza rusabirwa gusubirwamo

yabonekeye.

Icyo gihe ntikibarwa ku bantu badafite ububasha bwo

kwiregera mu gihe cyose baba batarabubona.

34

III.3.3 Urukiko ujya gusubirishamo urubanza

ingingo nshya

Urukiko rwaciye urubanza rusabirwa gusubirwamo

ni rwo ruregerwa hubahirijwe imihango y’itangwa

ry’igarama n’iyubahirizwa mu gutanga ibindi birego

by’ibanze.


- Gusubirishamo urubanza ingingo nshya ntabwo

birubuza kurangizwa, keretse iyo iryo rangizwa

ryahagaritswe bitangiwe impamvu n’urukiko

rwaregewe.

- Iyo ikirego gisabira urukiko rwaciwe burundu

gusubirwamo cyemewe, urubanza ruta agaciro,

urukiko rwaregewe rugaca urubanza rw’icyaregewe

mu ngingo zarwo zose. Iyo isubirwamo ryemewe ku

ngingo imwe mu rubanza, iyo ngingo ni yo yonyine

ivanwaho, keretse iyo izindi ari yo zishingiyeho. Iyo

gusubiramo urubanza bitemewe, urubanza ruciwe

rugomba gutegeka ko urubanza rwa mbere rugomba

kurangizwa nk’uko rwaciwe nta gihindutseho na

busa.

III. 4 Gutambamira urubanza rw’abandi

III.4.1 Impamvu yo gutambamira urubanza

rw’abandi

Gutambamira urubanza rw’abandi ni ugushaka ko

urubanza rwaciwe burundu ruvanwaho cyangwa

ruhindurwa bisabwe n’umuntu utaruburanye. Ibyo

bisobanuye ko umuntu wese utareze cyangwa ngo

35

aregwe mu rubanza ariko afite inyungu, iyo ari yo

yose muri rwo, ashobora gutambamira urwo rubanza

rumurenganya ngo rusubirwemo iyo ari we cyangwa

ari n’abo ahagarariye nta warutumiwemo.

Gutambamira urubanza bireba gusa, bitewe

n’uwabisabye, ingingo zasuzumwe anenga, kugira

ngo hasuzumwe bundi bushya uko byagenze n’uko

amategeko abiteganya.

Utambamira imikirize y’urubanza atanga ikirego

agaragaza ababuranyi bo mu rubanza atishimiye.

III.4.2 Igihe cyo gutambamira imikirize y’urubanza:

Igihe cyo kutambamira imikirize y’urubanza

utaburanye ni amezi 2 uhereye igihe utanze ikirego

yabimenyesherejweho cyangwa amezi 2 abarwa

uhereye umunsi ikimenyetso kigaragaza ko utanze

ikirego yarumenyeyeho.

III.4.3 Urukiko ujya gutambamiramo urubanza:

Umuntu atambamira mu Rukiko rwaciye urubanza

utishimiye kandi ruregerwa hubahirijwe imihango

y’itangwa ry’igarama n’iyubahirizwa mu gutanga

ibindi birego by’ibanze.


- Gutambamira urubanza rwaciwe ntibihagarika irangiza

ryarwo, keretse iyo rihagaritswe n’urukiko rwaregewe,

bisabwe n’umuburanyi;

36

- Urubanza rwemera ko itambama rifite ishingiro

rusubira ku rubanza rwatambamiwe cyangwa

rugahindura ku ngingo zibangamiye

uwarutambamiye zonyine, keretse iyo irangizwa

ry’urubanza rwatambamiwe n’ishyirwa mu bikorwa

ry’urubanza rwagize icyo ruhindura bibangamiranye.

- Ibyemejwe mu rubanza rw’itambama bigira agaciro

ku baburanyi bose baruhamagawemo.

- Urubanza ruciwe n’Urukiko habaye

itambamirarubanza rushobora kujuririrwa

hakoreshejwe inzira zimwe n’izikoreshwa mu

kujuririra izindi manza.

Icyitonderwa:

- Twakwibutsa ko inzira zo kujurira zasubiwemo

kugira ngo abaturage bafite umuco wo guhora

basiragira mu nkiko bajurira bibatesha igihe aho

kwikorera imirimo isanzwe ibatunga, ntawabura

kuvuga ko abashingamategeko basanze hari igihe

ababuranyi bajurira mu Rukiko Rukuru rwa

Repubulika bitari ngombwa:

- Imanza nyinshi ziba zaratangiriye mu bunzi kandi

zishobora kurangira bitagoranye

- Mu Rukiko Rukuru rwa Repubulika usanga hari

imanza nyinshi ku buryo izo manza zajuririwe bitaba

ngombwa ko Abacamanza baziburanisha batinjiye

mu mizi yazo kandi ibimenyetso biba byaratanzwe

mu nkiko zirubanziriza.

- Bityo kugira ngo Urukiko Rukuru rwa Repubulika

ruburanishe imanza mu rwego rw’ubujurire hagomba

37

kuba hatarubahirijwe ibiteganywa n’amategeko.

Ingingo ya 106 y’Itegeko Ngenga n°07/2004 ryo

kuwa 25/04/2004 rigena imiterere, imikorere

n’ububasha by’inkiko nkuko yahinduwe kandi

ikuzuzwa iteganya ko:

“Urukiko Rukuru rwa Repubulika ruburanisha imanza

z’imbonezamubano zajuririwe, zaciwe mu rwego rwa

mbere n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye.

Ruburanisha kandi imanza z’imbonezamubano

zajuririwe, zaciwe mu rwego rwa kabiri n’Urukiko

Rwisumbuye, mu gihe izo manza :

1° zitagaragaza na busa impamvu zishingiyeho mu

icibwa ryazo, zishingiye ku itegeko ritariho cyangwa

zaciwe n’Urukiko rutabifitiye ububasha ;

2° zaciwe hashingiwe ku kimenyetso, inyandiko

cyangwa imyanzuro byatanzwe nyuma yo

gupfundikira iburanisha kandi hatabayeho

gusubukura iburanisha;

3° zaciwe n’inteko itujuje umubare ugenwe

n’amategeko;

4° zasomwe n’umucamanza utaraziburanishije;

5° zitaburanishijwe mu ruhame kandi nta muhezo

wategetswe.

Ruburanisha kandi ubujurire ku byemezo byafashwe

n’Inkiko Nkemurampaka”.

38

IV. UBURYO BWO KURANGIZA

IMANZA

Irangizarubanza ry’imanza cyangwa ibindi byemezo

biriho kashe mpuruza15

rikorwa ako kanya

n’umuburanyi, rishobora gukorwa kandi by’agateganyo

cyangwa se rigakorwa burundu iyo urubanza

rutagishoboye kujuririrwa.

IV.1 Irangizarubanza ry’agateganyo

Irangizarubanza ry’agateganyo rishobora gukorwa n’iyo

ryaba ritategetswe n’urukiko, ku byemezo

by’abacamanza bigomba kurangizwa by’agateganyo

ubwabyo, cyane cyane nk’ibyemezo ku birego byihuta,

ku birego bisaba indezo no kurera abana mu gihe

cy’urubanza rw’ubutane, imanza zemeza igihombo, no

muri rusange ibyemezo by’urukiko bitegeka ko hafatwa

ibyemezo by’agateganyo mu gihe cy’iburanisha (ingingo

ya 209 y’itegeko n° 18/2004 ryo ku wa 20/06/2004

nk’uko ryavuguruwe kugeza ubu).

Irangizwa ry’agateganyo ryemerwa n’urukiko

rubyibwirije iyo ikimenyetso cy’ikiburanwa ari

inyandiko-mvaho cyangwa se iyo ikiburanwa ari

umwenda wemewe mu rubanza n’uregwa (ingingo ya

15

Kashe Mpuruza ni kashe ishyirwa kuri kopi y’urubanza cyangwa

icyemezo cy’umucamanza igashyirwaho n’urukiko igahesha uyifite

ububasha bwo gusaba irangizarubanza, hakaba hakwifashishwa

bibaye ngombwa n’ingufu za Leta

39

210 y’itegeko n° 18/2004 ryo ku wa 20/06/2004 nk’uko

ryavuguruwe kugeza ubu).

Irangizwa ry’agateganyo rishobora kwemezwa, bisabwe

n’umwe mu baburanyi ku bintu byose byatsindiwe

cyangwa ku gice cyabyo, iyo basanga iryo

rangizarubanza riramutse ritabaye bishobora kwangiriza

ku buryo budasubirwaho umuburanyi usabye ko

urubanza rurangizwa by’agateganyo. Icyo gihe rero, iyo

urukiko rwemeje irangizarubanza ry’agateganyo,

rushobora gutegeka umuburanyi ubisabye, gutanga

ingwate ihagije kugira ngo ihwane n’ibisubizwa

n’indishyi. Ingwate yatanzwe n’uwasabye irangiza

ry’urubanza by’agateganyo isubizwa nyirayo igihe

nyir’ukwishyurizwa atanze iye (ingingo ya 211 y’itegeko

n° 18/2004 ryo ku wa 20/06/2004 nk’uko ryavuguruwe

kugeza ubu).

Ariko uko byagenda kose, irangiza ry’imanza

ry’agateganyo rirabujijwe :

- mu byerekeye amafaranga yose y’ibyakozwe mu

rubanza ;

- mu byerekeye imimerere y’abantu ;

- mu byerekeye ibintu bitimukanwa ;

- mu byerekeye ibindi bintu n’ikindi gihe cyose

itegeko ribiteganya (ingingo ya 208 y’itegeko n°

18/2004 ryo ku wa 20/06/2004 nk’uko


Iyo irangiza ry’imanza ry’agateganyo rigomba kuba,

ubereyemo undi umwenda ashobora kuburizamo irangiza

40

ry’urubanza ry’agateganyo mu rukiko rw’ubujurire mu

buryo bukurikira :

-ihagarikwa ry’irangizarubanza ry’agateganyo

ryategetswe iyo ryatanzwe mu nzira zinyuranyije

n’amategeko ;

- gusaba ko ashinganisha amafaranga cyangwa impapuro

zivunjwa amafaranga bihagije kugira ngo bibe ingwate

y’ibyo yatsindiwe ;

- gusaba ko irangizarubanza ry’agateganyo rikorwa ku

gice kimwe cy’amafaranga yagenwe mu rubanza aho

kuba ku rubanza rwose iyo irangizarubanza

ry’agateganyo ryateganyijwe ku rubanza rwose ridafite

ishingiro.

Umucamanza uburanisha bene ibyo birego bisaba

guhagarika irangizarubanza ry’agateganyo abikora mu

buryo bw’ibirego byihutirwa, mu ruhame, amaze kumva

ababuranyi bombi. Icyemezo gifatwa mu gihe kitarenze

amasaha 48 uhereye igihe iburanisha rirangiriye

(ingingo ya 212 y’itegeko n° 18/2004 ryo ku wa

20/06/2004 nk’uko ryavuguruwe kugeza ubu).

Mu manza z’ubushinjacyaha, irangizarubanza

ry’agateganyo rirabujijwe. Ariko rishobora kuba ku

bihano birebana no gusubiza ibitari ibye ndetse

n’ibirebana n’indishyi z’akababaro (ingingo ya 226

y’itegeko n° 13/2004 ryo ku wa 17/05/2004 nk’uko


41

IV.2 Irangizarubanza rya burundu

Irangizarubanza rya burundu ribaho igihe urubanza,

icyemezo cy’urukiko cyangwa se izindi nyandiko ziriho

kashe mpuruza, bitagishoboye kujuririrwa. Icyo gihe

uwatsinzwe ashobora ku bushake bwe gufata iya mbere

akishyura cyangwa se agasubiza ibintu byaburanwaga

nta bantu yifashishije (ingingo ya 193 y’itegeko n°

18/2004 ryo ku wa 20/06/2004 nkuko ryavuguruwe

kugeza ubu).

Iyo umuburanyi watsinzwe atarangije urubanza ku

bushake, uwatsinze ashobora gusaba irangizarubanza

rikozwe ku gahato. Icyo gihe uwatsinze ashyikiriza

umuhesha w’inkiko16

urubanza ruriho kashe mpuruza

amusaba gutegeka ko uwatsinzwe yishyura mu gihe

kitarenze amezi atatu uhereye ku itariki

yamushyikirijeho urwo rubanza.

Iyo umuhesha w’inkiko atubahirije ayo mezi atatu,

umuhesha w’inkiko ashobora guhanishwa ihazabu

mbonezamubano ingana n’ibihumbi makumyabiri

kugeza ku bihumbi ijana, bitabujije uwabikoze kuba

yacibwa indishyi z’akababaro zikwiye umuburanyi

warenganyijwe n’iryo kosa n’ibindi bihano biteganywa

n’amategeko (ingingo ya 200 y’itegeko n° 18/2004 ryo

ku wa 20/06/2004 nkuko ryavuguruwe kugeza ubu).

16

Umuhesha w’inkiko ni umuntu wahawe ububasha n’itegeko,

akaba ashinzwe imenyekanisha ry’ibyemezo by’inkiko cyangwa

ibitari iby’inkiko, akaba anashinzwe kandi kurangiza ku gahato

imanza n’izindi nyandiko zirangizwa nta rubanza rubaye.

42

Ni ngombwa kugaragaza abantu bashobora

kwifashishwa mu kurangiza imanza nk’abahesha

b’inkiko. Ni aba bakurikira :

- umukozi ushinzwe ibyerekeranye n’irangiza ry’imanza

muri Minisiteri ifite ubutabera mu nshingano zayo afite

ububasha bwo kurangiza imanza mu gihugu cyose

(ingingo ya 2, 1° y’Iteka rya Minisitiri n° 114/11 ryo ku

wa 03/08/2006 riha abakozi ba Leta n’abakozi bo mu

nzego z’ibanze ububasha bwo kurangiza imanza,

ibyemezo by’inkiko n’inyandiko ziriho kashe mpuruza);

- umukozi mu rwego rushinzwe kuburana imanza za

Leta ugenwa na Minisitiri ufite ubutabera mu nshingano

ze afite ububasha bwo kurangiza imanza mu gihugu

cyose (ingingo ya 2, 2° y’Iteka rya Minisitiri n° 114/11

ryo ku wa 03/08/2006 ryavuzwe haruguru);

- umukozi ushinzwe amategeko mu Karere, yaba adahari

bigakorwa n’Umunyamabanga Nshingwabikorwa

w’Akarere (ingingo ya 3, 1° y’Iteka rya Minisitiri n°

114/11 ryo ku wa 03/08/2006 ryavuzwe haruguru) ;

- umukozi ushinzwe amategeko mu Murenge, yaba

adahari bigakorwa n’Umunyamabanga

Nshingwabikorwa w’Umurenge (ingingo ya 3, 2° y’Iteka

rya Minisitiri n° 114/11 ryo ku wa 03/08/2006 ryavuzwe

haruguru) ;

- umunyamabanga Nshingwabikorwa w’Akagari

(ingingo ya 3, 3° y’Iteka rya Minisitiri n° 114/11 ryo ku

wa 03/08/2006 ryavuzwe haruguru) ;

- abanditsi b’inkiko bahawe uburenganzira na Minisitiri

ufite ubutabera mu nshingano ze (ingingo ya 45 n’iya 49

y’Itegeko Ngenga n° 07/2004 ryo ku wa 25/04/2004

43

ryerekeranye n’imiterere n’imikorere n’ububasha

by’inkiko);

- abahesha b’inkiko b’umwuga17

bagengwa

n’itegeko n° 31/2001 ryo ku wa 12/06/2001 rishyiraho

kandi ritunganya imikorere y’urugaga rw’abahesha

b’inkiko b’umwuga;

- hari n’abashinzwe kurangiza imanza

nshinjabyaha barimo abayobozi ba za gereza, abahesha

b’inkiko b’umwuga.

Ni ngombwa kwibutsa ko umuburanyi afite

uburenganzira busesuye bwo kwihitiramo umurangiriza

urubanza.

Ababuranyi batsinze mu rubanza basaba kurangirizwa

urubanza bagomba kandi kumenya ko kurangiza

urubanza hari inzira zikurikizwa n’abahesha b’inkiko.

Muri izo nzira harimo izisaba igihe. Twavuga

nk’imihango ikorwa y’ifatira ry’umutungo wimukanwa

cyangwa utimukanwa (urugero ku mutungo wimukanwa,

hakorwa inyandikomvugo y’ifatira ikamara iminsi cumi

n’itanu nyuma y’iyo minsi, ibyafatiriwe bitezwa

cyamunara), guteza cyamunara (nk’iyo cyamunara

isubitswe, yimurirwa mu gihe cy’iminsi cumi n’itanu

kandi icyemezo cya Perezida w’urukiko ni ngombwa

kongera icyo gihe).

17

Ni abahesha b’inkiko bigenga, bagafasha ubutabera kandi mu mu

mirimo yabo bagafatanya n’inkiko, parike n’inzego z’ubuyobozi za

Leta.

44

IV.3 Ibibazo bikunda kuboneka mu irangiza

ry’imanza

a) Abahesha b’inkiko batuzuza inshingano zabo neza,

cyane cyane banga kwiteranya mu bibazo bimwe na

bimwe;

b) Umuhesha w’urukiko ujya kurangiza urubanza

agasanga umuburanyi watsinzwe adafite ubwishyu.

- Umuhesha w’urukiko agomba kwirinda gufatira igice

cy’ibintu byimukanwa gishobora gutuma ufatirwa

yaba umutindi nyakujya akabera umutwaro Leta. Ibi

bintu bikurikira ntibishobora kandi gufatirwa kuko

amategeko atabyemera:

i. Ibiryamwamo n’ibyambarwa bya ngombwa kuri

nyir’ugufatirwa n’umuryango we;

ii. Ibikoresho bya ngombwa mu murimo ubeshejeho

umuntu, mu mwuga cyangwa mu murimo

nyir’ugufatirwa n’urugo rwe babura ntibabeho;

iii. Bibiri bya gatatu by’ibiribwa bitunze nyir’ugufatirwa

n’umuryango we;

iv. Igice cy’umushahara amategeko y’umurimo avuga

ko kidafatirwa na kimwe cya gatatu 1/3 cya pansiyo

y’umuntu utagira ikindi yiyambaza cyatuma abaho;

(Ingingo ya 260 y’Itegeko n° 18/2004 ryo ku wa

20/06/2004 ryavuzwe haruguru)

45

- Itegeko rivuga kandi ko “nta wufatira inzu

umutindi nyakujya atuyemo na kimwe cya kabiri

(1/2) cya hegitari cy’ubutaka buhingwa gitunga

uwafatiriwe n’urugo rwe babura ntibabeho,

keretse biramutse bigaragajwe ko afite ibindi

cyangwa ashoboye kubibona atagizwe umutindi

nyakujya ngo abere umuzigo uvunanye rusange

w’abaturage ari uko yabuze epfo na ruguru”

(ingingo ya 296 y’Itegeko n° 18/2004 ryo ku wa

20/06/2004 ryavuzwe haruguru).

c) Abatsinzwe banga kuva mu mutungo batsindiwe,

abahesha b’inkiko na bo ntibuzuze inshingano

zabo ngo banitabaze inzego z’ubuyobozi

n’iz’umutekano kuko nta muntu uri hejuru

y’amategeko.

d) Urubanza rukenewe gusobanurwa (jugement

interprétatif) ariko umuhesha w’Urukiko yasaba

umuburanyi watsinze kujya kurusobanuza

akabyanga ahubwo akajya mu nzego zo hejuru,

ugasanga ari ugusiragira;

e) Urubanza rugomba kurangizwa kandi ruriho

kashe mpuruza ariko ku munsi wo kururangiza

umuburanyi watsinzwe akerekana ko habaye

ubujurire (acte d’appel) kandi ugasanga

uwatsinzwe yarajuriye n’iminsi 30 yararenze.

Ibyo bituma umuhesha w’urukiko adashobora

kururangiza;

46

f) Imanza zitarangijwe ku gihe, nyuma umuhesha

w’urukiko yajya kururangiza agasanga ibintu

byarahindutse. Urugero twatanga ni nk’imanza

zaciwe mu myaka ya 1980, umuburanyi

watsindiye isambu ntayihabwe, yasaba ubu ko

urubanza rwe rurangizwa ugasanga bisaba

kwimura abantu benshi.

Muri ibi bibazo byose byerekeranye no kurangiza

imanza, umuhesha w’urukiko asabwe gukora inyandiko

mvugo yo kurangiza urubanza kugira ngo umwe mu

baburanyi utemeye uko urubanza rwarangijwe

azayifashishe asaba kurenganurwa cyangwa kugira ngo

abaturage bashobora kujijisha inzego bavuga ko imanza

zabo zitarangijwe bahabwe igisubizo mu gihe cya vuba.

IV.4 Urubanza rurangijwe ariko umwe mu

baburanyi ntiyishimire uko rwarangijwe

Mu bibazo bikurikiranwa n’inzego z’ubuyobozi, harimo

ibibazo by’uko umwe mu baburanyi avuga ko urubanza

rwe rwarangijwe nabi. Utishimiye uko urubanza

rwarangijwe afite uburenganzira bwo kwirenganuza aho

gusubira mu byo yatsindiwe ku ngufu (ni icyaha cyo

kwigomeka ku byemezo by’inkiko iyo umuturage

watsinzwe mu rubanza aranduye imbago akisubiza mu

byo yatsindiwe).

Inzira anyuzamo ikibazo cye ni iziteganywa n’ingingo ya

219 y’Itegeko n° 18/2004 ryo ku wa 20/06/2004. Iyo

ngingo ivuga ko “impaka zivutse mu irangiza

47

ry’urubanza zikemurwa n’urukiko rwaruciye bwa nyuma

cyangwa urwemeje ko urubanza rwo mu mahanga

rurangirizwa mu Rwanda mu gihe kitarenze iminsi cumi

n’itanu (15) guhera igihe urukiko rwakiriye ikirego”.

Ibyo bivuze ko umuntu utishimiye uko urubanza

rwarangijwe ajya kubiregera mu rukiko rwaciye urwo

rubanza. Ariko hari igihe umuhesha w’urukiko aba

yarurangije nabi akabibona nyuma abyibwirije cyangwa

abisabwe na nyir’urubanza, cyangwa igihe yarurangije

igice, icyo gihe umuhesha w’urukiko ashobora kujya

kururangiza neza akabikorera inyandikomvugo

isobanura icyo kibazo.

Urubanza rwerekeye impaka zavutse mu irangiza

ry’urubanza ntizijuririrwa (ingingo ya 219, Igika cya 2

cy’itegeko n° 18/2004 ryo ku wa 20/06/2004).

Itegeko rivuga kandi ko ushinzwe kurangiza urubanza

ugiriwe urugomo, urwo ari rwo rwose, akora umurimo

ashinzwe, yandika inyandikomvugo y’urwo rugomo

akorewe, dosiye akayishyikiriza ubushinjacyaha (ingingo

ya 220 y’itegeko n° 18/2004 ryo ku wa 20/06/2004).

IV.5 Ibihano byerekeranye no kurangiza

imanza

Ikibazo cyo kurangiza imanza cyakomeje kuba

ingorabahizi, ku buryo hari imanza nyinshi zitarangizwa

ku gihe nk’uko twakomeje kubivuga. Kugira ngo

uwatsinze arenganurwe ku buryo n’igihe nyacyo, Itegeko

ryateganyije igihe ntarengwa cy’uko urubanza rugomba

48

kuba rurangijwe, ihazabu mbonezamubano ku muntu

utarangije urubanza ku gihe ndetse n’igihano gihatira

kurangiza urubanza:

- Ingingo ya 200 y’itegeko n° 18/2004 ryo ku wa

20/06/2004 ivuga ko “imanza, ibyemezo n’inyandiko

ziriho kashempuruza birangizwa mu gihe kitarenze

amezi atatu (3) kuva bisabwe n’uwatsinze urubanza

cyangwa ufite icyemezo ko bitagishoboye kujuririrwa

cyangwa kuva bashyikirijwe inyandiko iriho kashe

mpuruza”;

- Igika cya 2 cy’Ingingo ya 200 imaze kuvugwa kivuga

ko umuntu utubahirije icyo gihe cy’amezi atatu

ahanishwa “ihazabu mbonezamubano y’amafaranga

kuva ku bihumbi makumyabiri (20000 frw) kugeza ku

bihumbi ijana (100000 frw), bitabujije uwabikoze kuba

yacibwa indishyi z’akababaro zikwiye umuburanyi

warenganyijwe n’iryo kosa n’ibindi bihano biteganywa

n’amategeko”;

- Mu gihe cy’iburanisha, abisabwe n’umwe mu

baburanyi, umucamanza ashobora guteganya igihano

cyo gutanga amafaranga y’ubukererwe k’uwo

baburana mu gihe azaba atubahirije imikirize

y’urubanza rw’iremezo, bitabujije ko yacibwa indishyi

z’akababaro mu gihe bibaye ngombwa18

.

18

Igihano gihatira kurangiza urubanza ni uburyo bwo guhatira

ubereyemo undi umwenda kwishyura, kigatangwa n’umucamanza

abisabwe n’umuburanyi, amafaranga y’ubukererwe mu gihe uwo

baburana azaba atubahirije imikirize y’urubanza. Icyo gihano

giteganywa mu ngingo za 200-207 z’Itegeko n° 18/2004 ryo ku wa

20/06/2004.

49

Ni ngombwa kwibutsa ko:

- Igihano cy’igifungo ngwatiramubiri19

cyavuyeho cyane

cyane ko ingingo ya 17 y’Itegeko Nshinga ivuga ko

“nta wushobora gufungirwa kutubahiriza inshingano

zishingiye ku mategeko mbonezamubano cyangwa

ay’ubucuruzi”;

- Hari abandi bashinzwe kurangiza imanza ku bintu

bimwe na bimwe: abanditsi b’inkiko barangiza imanza

ku byerekeye kwishyuza ihazabu, amafaranga

y’urukiko n’umusogongero wa Leta20

; ibihano byaciwe

n’inkiko nshinjabyaha bishyirwa mu bikorwa

n’ubushinjacyaha cyangwa abahesha b’inkiko

b’umwuga bafatanyije n’abayobozi ba za gereza.

19

Igihano cy’igifungo ngwatiramubiri ni igihano cyategekwaga

n’Urukiko kugira ngo ubereyemo undi umwenda afatwe, afungwe

kugira ngo agire ubushake bwo kwishyura. Icyo gihano

cyatangwaga igihe hari ihazabu ryaciwe, amafaranga y’Urukiko,

umusogongero wa Leta, gutanga indishyi z’akababaro, … 20

Umusogongero wa Leta ungana na 4% w’umubare w’amafaranga

cyangwa agaciro k’ikindi kintu kitimukanwa byagenweho indishyi

mu rubanza rwabaye itegeko rutagishoboye kujuririrwa.

50

V. IBYAVUGWA KU

MIBURANISHIRIZE Y’IMANZA

NSHINJABYAHA

Urwego rw’Umuvunyi rwakira ibibazo bimwe na bimwe

byerekerenye n’imanza nshinjabyaha. Mu bibazo

rwakira harimo abaturage barwiyambaza binubira ko

ababakoreye ibyaha batakurikiranywe (cyane cyane kuko

ngo batafunzwe muri Gereza), abandi bakavuga ko

imanza zabo zidakurikiranwa n’inzego z’ubutabera,

abandi bakavuga ko bafunzwe barengana cyangwa ko

bataburanishwa ku gihe.

Ni ngombwa kugaragaza imiburanishirize y’imanza

nshinjabyaha kugira ngo abaturage basobanukirwe

n’ibintu bimwe na bimwe bireba imanza nshinjabyaha.

Ibi byatuma badasiragira mu nzego cyangwa bakumva

ko barengana kandi batarenganywa:

V.1 Gusaza ku ibyaha21

- Ingingo ya 13 y’Itegeko Nshinga ivuga ko icyaha cya

Jenoside, ibyaha byibasiye inyokomuntu n’ibyaha

by’intambara bidasaza. Itegeko n° 20/2006 ryo ku wa

22/04/2006 rihindura kandi ryuzuza itegeko n° 13/2004

ryo ku wa 17/05/2004 ryerekeye imiburanishirize

y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha mu ngingo yaryo ya 2

21

Gusaza ku icyaha bivuga ko kiba kidashobora kongera

gukurikiranwa n’ubushinjacyaha.

51

ryongeye ibyaha bidasaza: icyaha cy’ubwicanyi

n’icyaha cy’ihohoterwa ry’abana.

- Itegeko rivuga kandi igihe ikirego cy’ikurikiranacyaha

gisaza. Icyo gihe kibarwa uhereye ku munsi icyaha

cyakoreweho iyo muri icyo gihe, nta bikorwa

by’iperereza cyangwa by’ikurikiranacyaha byigeze

bikorwa. Icyo gihe ni iki gikurikira:

mu gihe cy’imyaka icumi ku byaha by’ubugome22

;

mu gihe cy’imyaka itatu ku byaha bikomeye;

mu gihe cy’umwaka umwe ku byaha bito

22

Icyaha gito ni icyaha amategeko ahanisha igihano cy’iremezo

cy’igifungo kitarenze amezi abiri n’ihazabu y’amafaranga atarenze

ibihumbi 2.000 cyangwa kimwe muri ibyo bihano; icyaha gikomeye

ni icyaha amategeko ahanisha igihano cy’iremezo cy’igifungo

kirenze amezi abiri ariko kitarenza imyaka itanu n’ihazabu

y’amafaranga arenze ibihumbi 2.000 cyangwa kimwe muri ibyo

bihano; icyaha cy’ubugome ni icyaha amategeko ahanisha igihano

cy’iremezo cy’igifungo cya burundu cyangwa cy’igifungo kirenze

imyaka itanu. Igitabo cy’amategeko ahana kirimo kuvugururwa

kuko nk’ihazabu y’amafaranga 2000 ari nke kandi usanga icyo

gitabo ari icya kera (1977), ibihano byateganywaga ntibijyanye

n’igihe, kandi havutse ibyaha bishya (nk’ibyerekeye

Ikoranabuhanga).

52

V. 2 Amwe mu mahame agenga gufungwa no

gukurikiranwa

- Ingingo ya 15 y’Itegeko Nshinga ivuga ko nta

wushobora kwicwa urubozo, gukorerwa

ibibabaza umubiri, cyangwa ngo akorerwe

ibikorwa by’ubugome, ibikorwa bidakwiye

umuntu cyangwa bimutesha agaciro;

- Ingingo ya 17 ikavuga ko uburyozwacyaha ari

gatozi ku wakoze icyaha. Ni ukuvuga ko umuntu

ukurikiranwa ari uwakoze icyaha gusa, ko nta

muntu ukurikiranwa ku cyaha cy’undi.

- Ingingo ya 17, igika cya 2 kivuga ko nta

wushobora gufungirwa kutubahiriza inshingano

zishingiye ku mategeko mbonezamubano

cyangwa ay’ubucuruzi;


wushobora gukurikiranwa, gufatwa, gufungwa

cyangwa guhanirwa icyaha keretse mu gihe

biteganywa n’amategeko akurikizwa mu gihe

icyaha akurikiranyweho cyakorewe;

- Ingingo ya 18, igika cya 3 kikavuga ko

kumenyeshwa imiterere n’impamvu z’icyaha

ukurikiranyweho, kwiregura no kunganirwa ni

uburenganzira budahungabanywa mu bihe byose,

ahantu hose, mu nzego zose z’ubutegetsi,

iz’ubucamanza n’izindi zose zifata ibyemezo;

- Ingingo ya 19 ivuga ko umuntu wese afatwa

nk’umwere ku cyaha aregwa igihe cyose

kitaramuhama burundu mu buryo bukurikije

amategeko, mu rubanza rwabereye mu ruhame

53

kandi ruboneye, yahawe uburyo bwose bwa

ngombwa bwo kwiregura;

- Ingingo ya 20 ivuga ko nta wushobora guhanirwa

ibyo yakoze cyangwa atakoze, iyo amategeko

y’Igihugu cyangwa amategeko mpuzamahanga

atabifataga nk’icyaha igihe byakorwaga;


wushobora gucibwa igihano kiruta icyari

giteganyijwe n’amategeko mu gihe yakoraga

icyaha;

- Ingingo ya 22, igika cya 2 kivuga ko urugo

rw’umuntu ari ntavogerwa. Ntihashobora

gukorwa isakwa mu rugo cyangwa kurwinjiramo

kubera impamvu z’igenzura nyirarwo

atabyemeye, keretse mu bihe no mu buryo

biteganyijwe n’amategeko;

V.3 Gutanga ikirego nshinjabyaha

- Ingingo ya 140 cy’Itegeko Nshinga igika cya 4

kivuga ko imanza zicibwa mu izina ry’abaturage

kandi nta wushobora kwicira urubanza rwe;

- Ingingo ya 2 y’Itegeko No 13/2004 ryo ku wa

17/05/2004 nk’uko ryavuguruwe kugeza ubu,

ivuga ko ikirego cy’ikurikiranacyaha23

gikurikiranwa n’ubushinjacyaha.

- Ingingo ya 2 y’iryo tegeko, Igika cya 3 kivuga ko

icyo kirego gishobora gukurikiranwa

23

Ikirego cy’ikurikikiranacyaha ni ikirego gitangwa mu izina rya

rubanda, imbere y’inkiko ziburanisha imanza z’inshinjabyaha,

kigamije guhana umuntu wahamwe n’icyaha.

54

n’uwangirijwe, atanze ikirego imbere y’inkiko

ziburanisha imanza z’inshinjabyaha atisunze

ubushinjacyaha (citation directe);

V.4 Kuzima kw’ikirego

- Itegeko rivuga ko ikirego cy’ikurikiranacyaha

gishobora kuzima mu buryo bukurikira:

Iyo uwakoze icyaha apfuye;

Igihe habaye ubusaze bw’icyaha;

Igihe habaye imbabazi z’itegeko;

Igihe uwareze yaretse ikirego cye (ibi bivuze ko

ubushinjacyaha bushobora kureka ikirego ariko

iyo uwakorewe icyaha ahaye imbabazi cyangwa

bumvikanye ntibivanaho ikirego

cy’ikurikiranacyaha kuko kureka ikirego

cy’indishyi ntibihagarika ikurikiranabyaha kandi

icyaha kiba cyakorewe umuryango nyarwanda

wose). Hari ibyaha bisaba ko uwahemukiwe

agomba kwemera ko uwamuhemukiye

akurikiranwa, ndetse uwareze ashobora no

gusaba ubushinjacyaha kureka icyo kirego: ibyo

byaha ni nk’ubusambanyi, kwaka ikitari

bwishyurwe (grivelerie).

V.5 Gutanga ikirego cy’indishyi

- Usibye icyaha cy’ikurikiranacyaha gitangwa

n’ubushinjacyaha muri rusange cyangwa

55

n’uwakorewe icyaha by’umwihariko, uwakorewe

icyaha afite n’uburenganzira bwo gutanga ikirego

cy’indishyi gitangwa hagamijwe kwishyuza

ibyangijwe n’icyaha. Uregera indishyi ashobora

kurega abakoze icyaha, abafatanyije icyaha,

ibyitso byabo kimwe n’abategetswe kuriha

indishyi ndetse mu gihe uwakoze icyaha yapfuye

akarega abashinzwe kumuzungura;

- Ingingo ya 14 y’Itegeko N° 13/2004 ivuga ko

urubanza rw’indishyi ruba ruhagaze

kuburanishwa mu gihe cyose urubanza

rw’inshinjabyaha ruba rutaracibwa burundu, iyo

ikirego cy’inshinjabyaha cyatanzwe mbere

cyangwa mu gihe cy’iburanisha ry’ikirego

cy’indishyi;

- Ikirego cy’indishyi zikomoka ku cyaha gisaza

nyuma y’imyaka itanu uhereye igihe icyaha

cyakorewe. Ariko na none iyo ubusaze

bw’ikirego cy’indishyi bubayeho mbere

y’ubusaze bw’ikirego cy’ikurikiranacyaha,

ikirego cy’indishyi gisaza hamwe n’ikirego

cy’ikurikiranacyaha;

V.6 Inzego zishinzwe gukurikirana ibyaha

- Inzego zishinzwe ikurikiranacyaha ziri mu

byiciro bibiri:

Ubugenzacyaha: bushinzwe gushakisha ibyaha,

kwakira ibirego n’inyandiko zijyanye n’ibyo

byaha, gukusanya ibimenyetso bishinja

n’ibishinjura, no gushakisha abakoze ibyo byaha,

56

abafatanyije na bo n’ibyitso byabo kugira ngo

bakurikiranwe n’Ubushinjacyaha.

Abagenzacyaha bagizwe n’abagenzacyaha

b’abapolisi, abagenzacyaha ba gisirikare,

abagenzacyaha bahabwa ububasha n’itegeko

cyangwa na Minisitiri ufite ubutabera mu

nshingano ze (urugero nk’Umuvunyi n’Abavunyi

bungirije bafite ububasha bw’ubugenzacyaha

bahabwa n’itegeko N° 25/2003 ryo ku wa

15/08/2003 mu rwego rwo kuzuza inshingano

zabo);

Ubushinjacyaha: bushinzwe gukurikirana ibyaha

imbere y’inkiko

- Umuturage ukorewe icyaha abanza kuregera

abagenzacyaha kuko ari bo bashinzwe gukora

iperereza mu rwego rwa mbere. Nyamara iyo

baregewe bakanga kwakira ikirego cyangwa

kugikorera iperereza nta mpamvu, uwari watanze

ikirego ashobora guhita agitanga mu

bushinjacyaha;

- Umushinjacyaha ushyikirijwe dosiye ashobora:

Kuregera ako kanya urukiko rubifitiye ububasha

iyo asanga dosiye yuzuye;

Gufata icyemezo cyo gukurikirana iyo asanze

ibimenyetso biri muri dosiye yashyikirijwe

bidahagije;

Gutangiza imihango y’ubwumvikane iyo abona

ko aribwo buryo bushobora kuriha uwangirijwe,

kurangiza inkurikizi z’icyaha no gutuma

umunyacyaha yisubiraho;

57

Gushyingura dosiye iyo abona ibigize icyaha

bituzuye cyangwa se ba nyir’ugukora icyaha

batarabashije kumenyekana cyangwa se iyo

asanze kubakurikirana atari ngombwa.

Gushyingura dosiye ni icyemezo gifatwa

kidashobora kubuza ko iperereza ryakomeza mu

gihe ubushinjacyaha bubonye ibimenyetso

bishinja iyo hagati aho nta busaze bw’ikirego

cy’ikurikiranacyaha bwabaye.

V.7 Gufungwa by’agateganyo

- Gufungwa by’agateganyo ni uburyo

ukurikiranyweho icyaha ashobora gufungwa

mbere y’urubanza. Ukurikiranyweho icyaha

ntashobora gufungwa by’agateganyo mbere

y’urubanza keretse hari impamvu zikomeye

zimushinja kandi icyaha ashinjwa kikaba ari

icyaha amategeko yateganyirije guhanisha

igifungo cy’imyaka 2 nibura. Abaturage

bagomba kumva ko gufungwa by’agateganyo

atari ihame, ko ubusanzwe umuntu yagombye

kuburana ari hanze.

- Gufungwa by’agateganyo byagombye kuba:

ukurikiranyweho icyaha afite impamvu zikomeye

zimuhamya icyaha;

iyo ari icyaha amategeko yateganyirije igifungo

cy’imyaka 2 nibura cyangwa igihe kiri munsi

y’imyaka ibiri ariko kirenze ukwezi kumwe, niba

batinya ko yacika, niba umwirondoro we utazwi

cyangwa ushidikanywaho cyangwa hari

58

impamvu zikomeye z’imbonekarimwe zigomba

kumufungisha mbere y’urubanza kubera ko

adafunzwe byatera impagarara mu gihugu;

Iyo ifungwa by’agateganyo ari bwo buryo

bwonyine bwo gutuma ukurikiranywe

adasibanganya ibimenyetso cyangwa se ngo

yotse igitutu abatangabuhamya n’abakorewe

icyaha cyangwa se habaho ubwumvikane hagati

y’abakurikiranywe n’ibyitso byabo;

Iyo iryo fungwa ari bwo buryo bwonyine bwo

kurinda ukurikiranywe, bwo gutuma inzego

z’ubutabera zimubonera igihe zimukeneye, bwo

gutuma icyaha gihagarara cyangwa se kitongera

gusubirwamo;

Iyo icyaha ukurikije uburemere bwacyo, uburyo

cyakozwemo n’inkurikizi cyateye, cyatumye

habaho imidugararo idasanzwe n’ihungabana

ry’umudendezo rusange, bityo ifungwa

ry’agateganyo rikaba ari bwo buryo bwonyine

bwo gutuma bihagarara.

- Ubugenzacyaha bwemerewe gufunga umuntu mu

gihe cy’amasaha 72 bukora iperereza kuko

itegeko rivuga ko inyandikomvugo yo gufata

ukekwaho icyaha imara igihe cy’amasaha

mirongo irindwi n’abiri (72) kidashobora

kongerwa (ingingo ya 37 y’Itegeko n° 13/2004) ;

- Ubushinjacyaha bwemerewe gufunga umuntu

iminsi 7 bukora dosiye ni ukuvuga ko bukora

urwandiko rufunga rugira agaciro k’iminsi

irindwi kandi abafashwe na rwo bafungirwa mu

59

nzu y’aho polisi ifite ibiro (ingingo ya 52

y’Itegeko n° 13/2004) ;

- Ukurikiranyweho icyaha afungwa by’agateganyo

byemejwe n’Urukiko binyuze mu cyemezo

cy’umucamanza gisobanura impamvu zishingiye

ku miterere y’icyaha no ku mategeko, kandi

kigaragaza by’umwihariko impamvu zikomeye

zimuhamya icyaha. Icyemezo cy’uko umuntu

ushinjwa aba afunzwe mbere y’urubanza

gikurikizwa mu minsi mirongo itatu

habariwemo umunsi cyafashweho. Iyo iyo minsi

irangiye, gishobora kongerwa ukwezi kumwe

bigakomeza gutyo. Itegeko rivuga ko iyo minsi

mirongo itatu irangiye ku byaha bito, idashobora

kongerwa. Ku byaha bikomeye, iyo iminsi

ntishobora kongerwa nyuma y’amezi atandatu

umuntu afunzwe, no mu gihe cy’umwaka ku

byaha by’ubugome.

- Ubushinjacyaha n’ukurikiranyweho icyaha

bashobora kujurira ibyemezo byo gufunga

cyangwa byo gufungura by’agateganyo. Igihe

cyo kujurira ni iminsi itanu uhereye ku munsi

icyemezo cyafatiweho (ku bushinjacyaha)

cyangwa uhereye ku munsi

yabimenyesherejweho (ku kurikiranyweho

icyaha) ;

- Ubujurire bugomba gusuzumwa mu minsi

itanu. Icyemezo kigomba gufatwa mu minsi

60

itanu ibarwa uhereye ku munsi ubushinjacyaha

bwatangiye imyanzuro yabwo ;

- Niba uwarezwe yari afunzwe mbere y’urubanza,

ari muri gereza cyangwa yarafunguwe

by’agateganyo ku munsi urukiko rwaregeweho,

akomeza kumera gutyo kugeza igihe urubanza

ruciriwe;

V.8 Gusubirishamo urubanza

- Urubanza rwaciwe, uwaciriwe urubanza adahari,

ashobora kurusubirishamo mu minsi 10 kuva aho

rumenyesherejwe (ingingo ya 158 y’Itegeko n°

13/2004) ;

- Urubanza rwaciwe burundu umuntu akabona

arengana ashobora gusubirishamo urubanza

ingingo nshya. Gusubirishamo urubanza

rw’Inshinjabyaha rwaciwe burundu ingingo

nshya bishobora gusabwa ku nyungu z’umuntu

wese wahamijwe icyaha cy’ubugome cyangwa

gikomeye iyo :

Umuntu amaze gucirwa urubanza rw’uko

yicanye, hanyuma hakaboneka ibimenyetso

bihagije byemeza ko uwo bakeka ko yishwe

atapfuye ;

Bamaze gucira umuntu urubanza ku cyaha

yashinjwaga, hakaboneka urundi rubanza

nk’urwo rwahannye undi muntu kandi

rumuhanira icyo cyaha, izo manza zombi

61

zivuguruzanya zikaba zigaragaje ko umwe mu

bakatiwe yarenganye ;

Umwe mu batangabuhamya yahaniwe kuba

yarabeshyeye uwahanwe kandi urubanza

rumuhana rwaramaze gucibwa. Uwo

mutangabuhamya wahaniwe ikinyoma

ntashobora kongera gutangwaho umuhamya mu

rubanza rushya ;

Bamaze guca urubanza, hakaboneka ibimenyetso

bitagaragaye mbere byerekana ko uwakatiwe

yatsinzwe azize akarengane.

Urukiko rwaciye urubanza mu rwego rwa nyuma

ni rwo ruregerwa icyo kirego.

62

UMWANZURO

Urwego rw’Umuvunyi rukurikirana ibibazo

rushyikirizwa n’abaturage barugana. Mu bibazo

rwakiriye harimo ibibazo by’ubutabera biri mu byiciro

bine:

- ibibazo by’imanza ziri mu nkiko zikiburanishwa;

- ibibazo by’imanza zaburanishijwe n’inkiko

zikaba zigomba kurangizwa;

- ibibazo by’imanza zaburanishijwe n’inkiko ariko

umwe mu baburanyi ntiyishimire umwanzuro

w’urukiko;

- ibibazo by’inshinjabyaha.

Urwego rw’Umuvunyi rufite inshingano yo kugira inama

abarugannye ku bibazo byerekeranye n’imanza kuko

rudafite ububasha bwo guhindura ibyemezo by’inkiko

cyangwa kwivanga mu mikurikiranire y’ibyaha cyangwa

mu miburanishirize y’imanza (Ingingo ya 182 y’Itegeko

Nshinga nk’uko ryavuguruwe kugeza ubu).

Aka gatabo kasobanuriye abaturage bafite bene ibyo

bibazo inzira banyuramo aho kwirirwa basiragira mu

nzego:

- abafite ibibazo biri mu nkiko (affaires pendantes)

bagombye kubanza kwiyambaza inkiko baregeyemo,

bakageza ibibazo byabo ku banditsi b’inkiko cyangwa

ba Perezida b’inkiko. Ababuranyi bafite uburenganzira

bungana bwo gukurikirana urubanza cyane cyane

kwirinda ko umwe mu baburanyi “asiragizwa“, kuko

hari abantu bamenyereye kujurira batinza irangiza

63

ry’urubanza. Umuburanyi ukeneye ko urubanza

ruburanishwa rukarangira afite uburenganzira bwo

gusibisha urubanza cyangwa gusaba ko urubanza

ruburanishwa umuburanyi wundi adahari;

- abafite ibibazo by’imanza zaburanishijwe n’inkiko

zikaba zigomba kurangizwa babanza kwiyambaza

Urukiko kugira ngo rutereho kashe mpuruza, iyo

iminsi 30 yo kujurira urubanza yarangiye, nyuma

akabona kwiyambaza abahesha b’inkiko. Itegeko

ryashyizeho abahesha b’inkiko mu tugari, mu mirenge,

mu turere ndetse hari n’ab’umwuga mu rwego rwo

gufasha abaturage kugira ngo imanza zabo zirangizwe

kandi ku gihe. Umuntu ni we wihitiramo umukozi

umurangiriza urubanza amushyikiriza imanza n’ibindi

byemezo biriho kashe mpuruza. Umuhesha w’urukiko

agomba kuzuza inshingano yarahiriye kandi

akarangiza urubanza uko rwanditse ndetse mu gihe;

- hari ibibazo Urwego rw’Umuvunyi rwakira

byerekeranye n’imanza ariko umwe mu baburanyi

akaba atarishimiye umwanzuro w’urukiko. Urwego

rugira inama urugannye kwemera imyanzuro y’urukiko

cyane cyane ko “iyo ababurana ari babiri umwe aba

yigiza nkana kandi ko akenshi usanga nta wemera

gutsindwa”. Hari igihe na none usanga urubanza

rwaraciwe nabi cyangwa hari ibimenyetso umuburanyi

watsinzwe afite atigeze agaragariza urukiko, icyo gihe

agirwa inama yo kujurira (iyo iminsi 30 yo kujurira

itari yashira) cyangwa gusubirishamo urubanza

ingingo nshya (révision) iyo inzira zo kujurira

zarangiye. Iyo umuntu ugannye Urwego rw’Umuvunyi

64

ari umuntu utarabaye umuburanyi mu rubanza agirwa

inama yo kugoboka mu rubanza cyangwa gutambamira

imikirize y’urubanza.

- Ku kibazo cyerekeranye n’ubushinjacyaha, abaturage

bagirwa inama yo kwiyambaza abashinjacyaha

babarizwa ku rwego rw’Ibanze, ku rwego rwisumbuye

ndetse n’Ubushinjacyaha Bukuru bwa Repubulika

bitewe n’ibyaha birimo gukurikiranwa cyangwa

bakiyambaza Urukiko iyo ikirego cyageze mu rukiko.

Abaturage bashishikarizwa kandi kumva ko gufungwa

by’agateganyo ku muntu wakoze icyaha atari itegeko,

ihame ari uko umuntu aburana ari hanze adafunzwe,

cyane cyane ko umuntu aba ari umwere kugeza igihe

inkiko zifatiye umwanzuro wa nyuma.

Abaturage bagomba kumva ko buri gihe batagomba

gusiragira mu nzego, ko bagomba kwiteza imbere kandi

bakivanamo umuco wo kuzenguruka inkiko cyane cyane

bavuga ko undi muburanyi “yatanze ruswa kugira ngo

atsindwe cyangwa ngo yamuguze” kandi nta bimenyetso

abifitiye. Ufite ikimenyetso cy’uko ruswa yatanzwe mu

rubanza rwe cyangwa ikirego cye nticyakirwe kubera

ruswa yatanzwe, yiyambaza Urwego rw’Umuvunyi

kugira ngo rukore iperereza rirambuye.

65

IBYO TWIFASHISHIJE Itegeko Nshinga ryo ku wa 04/06/2003 nk’uko

ryavuguruwe kugeza ubu ;

Itegeko Ngenga n° 18/2004 ryo ku wa 20/06/2004

ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza

z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo

n’iz’Ubutegetsi nk’uko ryavuguruwe kugeza ubu ;


rigena Imiterere, imikorere n’Ububasha by’Inkiko

nk’uko ryavuguruwe kugeza ubu;


ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha

nk’uko ryavuguruwe kugeza ubu ;


rigena imiterere, ifasi, ububasha n’imikorere bya

Komite y’Abunzi ;

Igitabo cy’Amategeko Ahana cy’u Rwanda;

Iteka rya Minisitiri n° 114/11 ryo ku wa 03/08/2006

riha abakozi ba Leta n’abakozi bo mu nzego z’ibanze

ububasha bwo kurangiza imanza, ibyemezo by’inkiko

n’inyandiko ziriho kashe mpuruza ;

Iteka rya Minisitiri n° 001 ryo ku wa 06/01/2005 rigena

amagarama y’Urukiko mu manza z’inshinjabyaha ;

Iteka rya Minisitiri n° 002 yo ku wa 06/01/2005 rigena

amagarama y’Urukiko mu manza z’imbonezamubano,

iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi ;

Clinique Juridique, Irangizwa ry’Imanza, ibyemezo

by’inkiko n’inyandiko ziriho kashe mpuruza, Kaminuza

y’u Rwanda, Ishami ry’Amategeko, agatabo ka kabiri,

Ukuboza 2006.

Documents

DUSOBANUKIRWE N’AMATEGEKO AGENGA IMIBURANISHIRIZE KU... · DUSOBANUKIRWE N’AMATEGEKO AGENGA IMIBURANISHIRIZE Y’IMANZA Kigali, Gicurasi 2008 . 2 . 3 IBIRIMO ... IV.2 Irangizarubanza