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EAB UpdateLee Townsend
Extension Entomologist
Agenda
• Identification and Impact• Current status• Control options – Homeowner & Commercial
applicator• Biological control• General information and questions
EAB calendar
Feeding June - October
Inactive October - April
Adults mid-May – July
Adults out mid-May
Pupa April - May
• Larvae feed under bark June – October; disrupt transport of water, nutrients, carbohydrates
• Healthy trees killed within 2-3 years of first symptoms
Emerald ash borer in KY
•Emerald ash borer - KYhttp://pest.ca.uky.edu/EXT/EAB/welcome.html
•EAB info - UShttp://www.emeraldashborer.info/
12 counties > 5 mill ash stems54 counties > 2 mill
2012 EAB Risk Map
Red = infestedBrown = highOrange = mediumYellow = low
EAB Survey2012 – 1,700 traps
Year Traps Positive Counties
# Beetles
2008 3,065 0 02009 5,665 10 2002010 6,000 9 1822011 6,825 11 219
New 2011AndersonBracken
BoyleGarrard HardinScott
Woodford
Anderson, Franklin, Henry, Owen,Shelby, Woodford
Boone, Kenton, Campbell
Greenup - Boyd
Boyle - Garrard
Fayette - Jessamine
Hardin
Jefferson – Oldham
2012 Adult emergence
1st emergence mid- May450 to 500 dd base 50
Peak June – Julyabout 750 dd
70 to 140 dd ahead for 2012
Ohio State Recommendations
• Imidacloprid when EAB first found – within 15 mi high risk – in quarantine zone – low to moderate risk
• Use Tree-äge when EAB pressure increases• Use high rate of Tree-äge at infestation peak• Monitor and treat as needed after peak
infestation
Treatment Options• Systemic Soil Injections / Drenches:– Imidacloprid (e.g. Merit, Xytect, Bayer Advanced Tree
& Shrub 12 Month Insect Control)– Dinotefuran
• Systemic Trunk Injections: – Imidacloprid (IMA-jet, Imicide) – Emamectin benzoate (TREE-äge)
• Systemic Trunk Sprays:– Dinotefuron (Safari)
• Bark and canopy sprays: Astro, Onyx
Realistic Expectations
• Insecticides can protect ash trees from EAB; success is not guaranteed
• Insecticides are not effective in eradicating infestations
Homeowner options
• 12 mo Tree & Shrub (imidacloprid)• 12 mo Tree & Shrub (dinetofuran)• Ace Caps (acephate)
Imidacloprid (12 month products)
Product Rate/ in $/inchTree & Shrub (1.47%)
quart1 fl oz $0.60
($.20 dia)Protect & Feed (1.47%)
quart1 fl oz $0.71
Landscape Formula (2.94%) gal
0.5 fl oz $0.53
Granular Tree & Shrub + Fertilizer (1.1%)
0.25 cup ?
Dinotefuran (Safari)
• Green Light Emerald Ash Borer Killer (2% G)• Tree & Shrub Insect Control with Safari 1/2 to 2/3 cup per inch of tree diameter• Apply early to mid-May
$5.33/lb$5.70/lb
Acecap 3/8” Insecticide Implants
• 5 per pack $9.50 -
Arborists / Commercial Applicators
Imidacloprid (Group 4)
• Drench, soil injection, trunk injection • Merit, Xytect, etc.
Safari 20 SG Insecticide (dinotefuran) (Group 4)
• Trunk spray – 12 to 24 oz/gal • Use 1 gal per 40” to 50” trunk dbh• 1 – 4 weeks for uptake• Spray from root flare to 4’ to 5’ above ground• Low pressure - 10 to 20 psi• Do not apply to wet bark or within 12 hrs of
rain
Safari 20 SG Insecticide
• $390 / 3 lb container
• Low rate = $2.48/ in circumference
• High rate = $3.10 /in circumference
Tree-äge Emamectin benzoate
• Restricted Use – Acute human toxicity• $559/liter• $399 injector• Cordless drill
• $3.15/ inch circumference• 3 yrs with high rate
Professional Use ProductsSoil injection / Drench Application
Imidacloprid Merit April to May
Trunk injectionImidacloprid IMA-jet Arborjet May to June
Imicide Mauget May to JunePointer Wedgle May to June
Bidrin Injecticide- B Mauget May to JuneEmamectin Tree-age Arbojet MaybenzoateTrunk Spray**Dinotefuran Safari + PentraBark April to May
Professional Use Products
Preventive Bark & Foliage Cover Spraysbifenthrin Onyxcarbaryl Sevincyfluthrin Tempopermethrin Astro
2x at 4-week intervals – 1st application at black locust bloom
Trunk Injections
• Absorbed more quickly than drench• Large trees > 12” dbh• Where drenches are not practical –
near water, etc.• Potentially injure trunk, especially if
repeated
Summary• Insecticides can offer protection
against EAB• Success not assured – annual
treatments may be needed• Factors in successful treatment not
understood yet• Inventory ash – set priorities
Importing natural enemies
Spathius agrili
• Attacks EAB larvae – detects infested trees, injects egg into EAB larva
• Affects up to 90% of EAB larvae in Chinese trees
• 3 to 4 generations per year• Winter as pupae under bark
Tertastichus plannipennisi
• Attacks EAB larvae – detects infested trees, injects egg into EAB larva
• 50% success rate • Up to 127 adults per EAB larva• Winter as larvae under bark
Oobius agrili
• Attacks EAB egg• At least 4 generations per year• 60% success rate• Up to 62 eggs/wasp• Winter as larvae in egg
Importing natural enemies
Environmental impact
•Are they specific to intended host?•Can they be reared successfully for mass release?•Is our climate suitable?
What does the future hold?
• Will North American ash will follow the model of Dutch elm disease - individual trees have reduced life span but are able to reproduce
• OR American chestnut - individual trees die before they can reproduce
• OR something entirely different
Factoids
• Ash in sunny, open conditions preferred over shaded locations within canopies
• Blue ash appears to be less attractive than green or white but is attacked as other ash species die
• Stressed ash trees may be preferred but once EAB is abundant healthy trees are attacked, too
• 1.5” diameter to mature trees
EAB Hosts
• Only infests ash (Fraxinus) in the US• EAB or “a closely related beetle” in Asian
attacks species of elm, walnut, and Pterocarya (wingnut)
• Green ash appears to decline more rapidly that white ash under similar conditions
Dispersal
• Unassisted rate in Michigan appears to have been about 6 mi/year (0.6 mi/yr cited, too)
• On edges – EAB galleries up to 800 yds from potential source
• BUT most within 100 – 200 yds
• 1.7 mi average by mated female
Eggs
• 50 to 90 eggs / female• In bark crevices• Hatch in about
2 weeks• Rough bark
Alternate hosts
• Given no alternative, female EAB will lay eggs on alternate species
• “Ovipositional mistakes” do occur in the field but appear to be rare
• Privet appears to be a suitable host for small EAB larvae
Recommendations change, keep fishing for new information …
Don’t believe everything you read
Don’t wait too late to ask for help
EAB BiologyLee Townsend
Extension Entomologist
• Saplings may die after 1 year of attack• Large ash trees may die within 3 to 4 years of
initial infestation
Adult feeding
Adults live 3 to 6 weeks
Edge feeding on foliage
Foliage feeding
• 5 to 7 days before mating
• 5 to 7 days after mating
Egg-laying choices (lab)
Larva
• Up to 1 inch long• Feed in phloem
and cambium• Finished by
October
Larvae
• Serpentine galleries in phloem and cambium
• Extensive damage to water-conducting tissue
• Packed with frass
Old wood
New wood
Pupate – mid-April
2 to 3 weeks from start of pupation to and adult
