可視突発天体・超新星サーベイ › ~hotoke › compact2013 › ...可視突発天体・超新星サーベイ ~ 可視広視野カメラによる大規模変動天体サーベイ

可視突発天体・超新星サーベイ　　~ 可視広視野カメラによる大規模変動天体サーベイ ~

諸隈智貴 (東京大学)

「コンパクト連星の合体と電磁波対応天体」 2013/02/14,15 京都大学基礎物理学研究所

thanks to 川端さん(広島大学)

apparent magnitude

distance[Mpc]

velocity[km/s] redshift DM [mag] apparent magnitude

for M=-10mag [mag]apparent magnitudefor M=-15mag [mag]

1 70 0.0002 25 15 10

10 700 0.002 30 20 15

100 7000 0.02 35 25 20

Coma cluster at z=0.0231 (v=6923 km/s, from NED)Virgo cluster at z=0.0036 (v=1023 km/s, from NED)

M(0.5um)=-10 mag <--> νLν(0.5um)~2.6x1039[erg/s]

M(0.5um)=-15 mag <--> νLν(0.5um)~2.6x1041[erg/s]

sky in optical (~2010)SDSS(r~22)


“improved” Digitized Sky Survey (DSS, photographic plate)

SDSS spectroscopy: r<17.7 <--> LMC@d=100Mpc

sky in optical (~2015)Pan-STARRS(r~25)SDSS(r~22)


sky in optical (~2020s)SDSS(r~22) Pan-STARRS(r~25) LSST(r~27)


sky in optical (~2010)SDSS(r~22)


SDSS-II Supernova Survey

sky coverage for SN Ia surveysSky coverage of SN Ia Surveys (cadence ~ a few days)

©DES homepage

Limited regions have been observed every several days.

Ofek+2012 (PTF, 2009/03-2011/11)


Transient/Variable InformationIAU Circulars (IAUCs)/Central Bureau Electronic Telegrams(CBETs) http://www.cbat.eps.harvard.edu- novae, supernovae, comets, (unusual) minor plantes

Astronomer’s Telegram (ATel) http://www.astronomerstelegram.org- many many indices: Radio, Millimeter, Sub-Millimeter, Far-Infra-Red, Infra-Red, Optical, Ultra-Violet, X-ray, Gamma Ray, >GeV, TeV, VHE, UHE, A Comment, AGN, Asteroid, Asteroid (Binary), Binary, Black Hole, Blazar, Cataclysmic Variable, Comet, Cosmic Rays, Gamma-Ray Burst, Globular Cluster, Gravitational Waves, Meteor, Microlensing Event, Near-Earth Object, Neutron Star, Nova, Planet, Planet (minor), Potentially Hazardous Asteroid, Pre-Main-Sequence Star, Pulsar, Quasar, Request for Observations, Soft Gamma-ray Repeater, Solar System Object, Star, Supernova Remnant, Supernovae, The Sun, Transient, Variables, Young Stellar Object

GCN: The Gamma-ray Coordinates Network (TAN: Transient Astronomy Network) http://gcn.gsfc.nasa.gov- Locations of GRBs and other Transients, Reports of follow-up observations


http://gcn.gsfc.nasa.gov

http://gcn.gsfc.nasa.gov

「広く浅く」 <--> 「狭く深く」(一定) = [area] x [exposure time]

area

望遠鏡+装置の性能

サーベイの方針

深い浅い

狭い

広い

(exposure time)depth

Time-Domain Surveys

難

易


area



深い浅い

狭い

広い


Time-Domain Surveys

難

易

(一定) = [area] x [exposure time] x [何日に1回とるか]

難「広くそこそこ深く1日に何回も」


area



深い浅い

狭い

広い


Time-Domain Surveys

難

易

(一定) = [area] x [exposure time] x [何日に1回とるか]

難「広くそこそこ深く1日に何回も」

©Masaomi Tanaka

Image subtraction


reference search subtraction

Subaru/Suprime-Cam

Image subtraction


reference search subtraction

Subaru/Suprime-Cam


optical survey

strategy: GW EM counterpart

GW detection

- error circle ~10 deg- rapid response required- not unrealistic

- 360 deg longitude coverage required- clear sky required

- typical FoV: several deg- all-sky high-cadence survey required- difficult

project telescope aper instrument FoV area depth cadence note

Pi of the sky - ? - ~500 - - - 36 arcsec resolution

ASAS-3 - 0.2x2 - 4 ~40000 V~14 1-3 days

TAROT - 0.25x2 - 3.5 V~17

ROTSE-III ROTSE 0.45x4 - 5.4 - - - GRB

CHASE CHASE-500 0.5 - 0.08 - ~18 >1 day galaxy-targeted, supernova

CRTS 3 tels 0.6-1.5 - ~1.2 ~800 ~19.5 ?

KAIT - 0.76 AP7 CCD 0.013 - - - galaxy-targeted, supernova

LSQ - 1 - 9.6 ~15000 ~20.5 ~4 days supernova

KISS Kiso 1.05 KWFC 4.4 ~200 g~20-21 1 hour supernova

KISOGP Kiso 1.05 KWFC 4.4 ~300 I~19 days variable star@Galactic Plane

QUEST Oschin 1.2 QUEST-2 16 ~15000 r~21.5 hours-years -

PTF Oschin 1.2 CFHT12k 7 ~30000 20-21 days transient

iPTF Oschin 1.2 CFHT12k 7 - 20-21 days future

ZTF Oschin 1.2 - 35 - 20-21 <1 day? future

MACHO - 1.3 - - - - <1 day? LMC, SMC, Galactic bulge

OGLE - 1.3 - 1.4 - - <1 day? LMC, SMC, Galactic bulge

SkyMapper - 1.35 - 5.7 ~20000 ~21 hours-years southern sky

Pan-STARRS - 1.8 - 7 ~30000 ? weeks? all-sky

Pan-STARRS - 1.8 - 7 70 ~23 days Medium Deep Survey

PS2 - 1.8x2 - 7 - ~23 - future

PS4 - 1.8x4 - 3 - ~24 - future

MOA-II - 1.8 MOA-cam3 2.2 - - min~hour microlensing

LCOGT - 2x2 - - - - - many many telescopes

in deg2

Time-Domain Surveys w/ <2m telescope望遠鏡をほぼ占有、無バイアスに近いサーベイ観測


HST-CSS HST 2.4 ACS 0.003 0.08 ~25 weeks high-z clusters

CANDELS HST 2.4 WFC3, ACS 0.002 ~0.04 ~25? weeks CANDELS-”Deep”

CLASH HST 2.4 WFC3, ACS 0.002 ~0.03 ~25? weeks 25 clusters

GOODS HST 2.4 WFPC2, ACS 0.003 0.04 x 2 ~25 ~ 1 month HDF-N, CDF-S

SDSS-II SN SDSS 2.5 - 6 250 ~21-22 2 days Stripe 82

SNLS CFHT 3.6 MegaCam 1.0 4 ~24 days CFHTLS-deep

ESSENCE CTIO 4 MOSAIC II 0.36 ? ~24 days -

DES CTIO 4 DECam 3.0 9 ~24 days southern sky

SDF, SXDS Subaru 8.2 Suprime-Cam 0.25 ~1 i~25 days~weeks Observatory Projects

in deg2

Time-Domain Surveys w/ >2m telescope大口径望遠鏡・宇宙望遠鏡でのdeep サーベイのデータ分割元々/他の目的: high-z galaxy evolution, weak lensing, ...　多くは共同利用望遠鏡


KMT-Net - 1.8x3 - 4 - - - microlensing+others

HSC-SSP Subaru 8.2 HSC 1.7 ~30 ~26 hours~weeks HSC-deep, ultradeep

LSST - 8.4 - 9.6 ~30000 ~24.5 days all-sky

JWST - 6.5 NIRCam 0.003 a few ~26? days -

Euclid - 1.2 - 0.54 ~40 ~24? no? deep, but no time-domeain?

WISH - 1.5 - 0.28 100 ~26 weeks ultra-deep survey

WFIRST - 1.1-2.4 - 0.35-0.6 ~10 ~25? weeks? supernova survey

in deg2

Future Time-Domain Surveys

Time-Domain Surveys w/ <2m telescope望遠鏡をほぼ占有、無バイアスに近いサーベイ観測



All Sky Automated Survey (ASAS-3)

- 1997~- Two 0.2m telescopes- 2k2k CCD (V, I-bands simultaneously, 4 deg2

- at Las Campanas@Chile(1997-) & Haleakala@Hawaii(2006-)- Managed by Polish group (Pojmanski et al.)- Open access for photometric catalogue (<14 mag)- 15,000,000 light curves in V-band (8<V<14 mag)- variable star catalog@Dec<+28deg

ASAS telescopes

Dome of OGLE

ASAS-3N

http://www.astrouw.edu.pl/asas/

http://www.astrouw.edu.pl/asas/?page=gallery






















http://www.astrouw.edu.pl/asas/?page=main



Robotic Optical Transient Search Experiment (ROTSE)

- 1999~ (ROTSE-I)- Four 0.45m telescopes@Namibia, Turkey, Australia, USA- 5.4 deg2 FoV

http://www.rotse.net




Chilean Automatic Supernova sEarch (CHASE)- 2007~- 6 x 0.4m (Panchromatic Robotic Optical Monitoring and Polarimetry Telescopes; PROMPTs) --> 0.5m telescope (CHASE-500)- 2kx2K CCD, 17’x17’- at Cerro Tololo@Chile- u’BVg’r’I’z’ filters, ~18mag- follow-up w/ CSP (Carnegie Supernova Project) & Millennium Center for Supernova Studies (MCSS)at Las Campanas Telescopes: Swope 1m, DuPont 2.5m, Magellan 6.5m, SOAR 4.1m, ...- galaxy-targeted search: v<8000km/s- cadence: >~1 days

0.5m telescope

Hamuy (2011)


Catalina Sky Survey (CSS, 1998-)Catalina Real-Time Transient Survey (CRTS, 2007-)

- 1998~- Consortium of CSS, SSS (Siding Springs Survey) and MLSS (Mt. Lemmon Survey) (operated by University of Arizona, Australian National University)- 3 telescopes - 0.68m/0.76m Catalina Schmidt telescope at Mt. Bigelow, Arizona@USA: 800 deg2/night - 0.5m Uppsala Schmidt telescope at Siding Spring Observatory@Australia - 1.5m telescope at Mt. Lemmon, Arizona@USA: 1.2 deg2, ~19.5 (180sec)- Palomar QUEST detection pipeline (w/ Caltech Center for Advanced Computing Research)

CSS: http://www.lpl.arizona.edu/css/CRTS: http://crts.caltech.edu

http://www.lpl.arizona.edu/css/

http://www.lpl.arizona.edu/css/

「コンパクト連星の合体と電磁波対応天体」 2013/02/14,15 京都大学基礎物理学研究所©Caltech

Djorgovski (2010)

Catalina Sky Survey (CSS, 1998-)Catalina Real-Time Transient Survey (CRTS, 2007-)

CSDR2 (2012): Seven year photometry for 500 million objects (~40 billion measurements) with V=11.5-21.5 mag in 33,000 deg2


Katzman Automatic Imagin Telescope (KAIT)

- 1998~- robotic 0.76m telescope- AP7 CCD camera, 7arcmin x 7arcmin- UBVRI...- at Lick Observatory, CA@USA- Coupled with LOSS (Lick Observatory SN survey)- ‘`Most successful nearby supernova search engine’’- ~100 images per hour / ~1000 galaxies per night

http://astro.berkeley.edu/bait/public_html/kait.html



La Silla-QUEST Variability Survey (LSQ)

- 2009~- 1m Schmidt- La Silla@Chile- 9.6 deg2 camera (112 CCDs)- ~20.5mag (60sec)- Palomar QUEST (-2008) in southern sky- 15000 deg2

- ~4-day cadence- SNe, tidal disruption events, RR Lyr, CVs, QSOs, TNOs, etc.- Hadjiyska et al. 2012

1-m Schmidt



- 2012~ (4+1 years), Smartt et al. - NTT 3.6m- EFOSC2 (opt) + SOFI (NIR)- at La Silla@Chile- 90 nights/year- classify 2000 SNe, 150 SNe w/ time-series spectra- Spectroscopy for newly-discovered objects down to ~19mag- Partner for LSQ survey, SkyMapper, Pan-STARRS1, CHASE- All PESSTO raw data are publicly available just after observation.

NTT/EFOSC2

Public ESO Spectroscopic Survey of Transient Objects (PESSTO)http://www.pessto.org/

http://www.pessto.org

http://www.pessto.org


Kiso/KWFC: KISS & KISOGP

- 1974~ (telescope)- 1.05-m Schmidt, 6x6 deg2

- Kiso, Nagano@Japan- ~200 nights/year- Kiso Wide Field Camera (KWFC, 2012-)- 8 2kx4k CCDs, 2.2x2.2 deg2

2 Large Programs- Kiso Supernova Survey (KISS, Morokuma+)- KWFC Intensive Survey Of the Galactic Plane (KISOGP, Matsunaga+)

Trace the Galactic plane structure by variable stars, novae, and dwarf novae

- 2012/04~– Galactic longitude: 60-210 degree 75 KWFC FoVs = 2 deg x 150 deg = 300 deg2

- 3 years, 45 epochs- 10<I<18- Cepheid variable stars (~2 stars/deg2), other variables/transients

KWFC Intensive Survey Of the Galactic Plane (KISOGP)


L

t

- 2012/04~- very high cadence: 1-hour interval, 5 times per night- catch the moment of SN explosion (supernova shock breakout at z<0.03)- g~21 mag (3-minute exposure)- ~100 nights / year- ~50-100 deg2 / night- ~100 SNe at z<0.1 / 3 years

KIso Supernova Survey (KISS)

several seconds - hours

red giant SN

DB for transient objects & web I/F for checking candidates--> collaboration w/ amateur astronomers aiming for discovery just after observation & very quick (less than 1 hour) follow-up w/ other facilities


KISS pipeline

Kiso observatory

standard reduction

image subtraction

< 10 min~ 50GB/day

KISS databaseSubNewRef

source detection

cut-out images

sourceinfo

KISS interface

Amateur astronomers@amywhereRealtime check

SubNewRef

Tokyo

cut-out images

KISS

sourceinfo

©Masaomi Tanaka

- ~30 SNe so far (2012/04-2013/02) incl. 6 CBET SNe - 3 CBET SNe in 2013 (2 Tanaka+, 1 TM+) - no shock breakout so far as expected

KIso Supernova Survey (KISS)


Future of Kiso Observatory

「コンパクト連星の合体と電磁波対応天体」 2013/02/14,15 京都大学基礎物理学研究所Sako-san’s slide@GW WS at Hiroshima in Dec. 2012

- 1-m class Japanese telescopes- covering 360 deg in longitude Japan (from Hokkaido to Okinawa), South Africa, Chile- continuous (24-hour) follow-up observation for transient objects- GRB, blazar, pulsar, CV, supernova, ...

Optical and Infrared Synergetic Telescopes for Education and Research (OISTER)



- 2007~- Greiner+2007- MPI/ESO 2.2-m telescope- 4 optical channels (griz) & 3 NIR channels(JHK): simultaneous observation- 5.4arcmin x 5.4arcmin for optical & 10arcmin x 10arcmin for NIR- at La Silla Observatory@Chile

Gamma-Ray Burst Optical/Near-Infrared Detector (GROND)

http://www.mpe.mpg.de/~jcg/GROND/

GRB 090423@z~8.2

©GROND homepage



- 2003-2008- Djorgovski+2008- Palomar Oschin Schmidt (1.2m, 45% of the telescope time)- Yale/IU QUEST-2 112-CCD camera (161 Mpixel), 4.6 deg x 3.6 deg- a few - 25 epochs- 15000 deg2 (-25deg<Dec<+25deg)- UBRIriz- 150 sec / epoch: r~21.5 mag- hours to years- ~500 SNe at z<0.1- ‘‘the first major digital sky survey fully designed’’- ‘‘implemented in the Virtual Observatory (VO) era’’

Palomar QUEST survey



- 2009~2012- Palomar Oschin Schmidt (1.2m, dedicated)- CFH12k camera (7 deg2), ~20.5mag

many many papers...- SN rate & host gals: Arcavi+2010- very nearby SNe (detailed): Nugent+2011, Li+2011 (SN 2011fe@M101)- many interesting phenomena...

Li+2011

Palomar Transient Factory (PTF)http://www.astro.caltech.edu/ptf/

http://www.astro.caltech.edu/ptf/

http://www.astro.caltech.edu/ptf/


Palomar Transient Factory (PTF)

- follow-up w/ 1.5m telescope (50%) & other facilities- exotic transient search w/ cadences between 90 sec - 1 day supernova search w/ a 5-day cadence- Caltech, LBNL, IPAC, Berkeley, LCOGT, Oxford, Columbia, and the Weizmann Institute- 51 papers since 2008

Kasliwal+

future plan- iPTF- PTF-2 (ZTF)


- 2013~- Palomar Oschin Schmidt (1.2m, dedicated)- CFH12k camera (7 deg2), ~20.5mag SEDMachine for 60-inch tel.: simultaneous optical 4-band imaging & IFU spectroscopy

intermediate PTF (iPTF)

(1) improved reduction pipeline(2) improved real-time classification based on machine learning algorithm(3) improved cross-references to previous catalogs


- 2015~- Palomar Oschin Schmidt (1.2m, dedicated)- new 35 deg2 camera SEDMachine, robo-AO for other telescope

Zwicky Transient Facility (ZTF): PTF-2

- to probe the sub-day phase space- interesting sub-minute burst discovery--> upgrade ZTF with CMOS (Kulkarni 2012)

SkyMapper

1.35m telescope

- 2005~ (MOA-0: 0.6m, 1995-1998, MOA-I: 0.6m, 1998-2005)- 1.35-m telescope (F/4.379)- 5.7 deg2, 32 CCDs- Siding Spring Observatory, Australian National University@Australia- Entire southern sky survey in uvgriz (g~23 mag)- 6 epochs- cadence: 4 hours, 1 day, 1 week, 1 month, 1 year

Keller (2011)



Panoramic Survey Telescope and Rapid Response System (Pan-STARRS)

- 2009~- Pan-STARRS 1 (PS1, 1.8m) PS1 (7 deg2) --> PS2 --> PS4- Haleakala, Hawaii@USA

- 3 pi survey- Medium Deep survey (MDS)- Solar System “Sweet Spots”- Deep M31 survey- Stellar Transient Survey


PS-2, PS-4

x PS-2: Improved PS-1 - 2013~ - at Halealaka, Hawaii@USA - PS1 & PS2 for the same sky field for faster elimination of detector artifacts, etc. - Fabrication of the PS2 telescope has begun. x PS-4: Four 1.8m telescope - from when? - at UH 2.2m site at Mauna Kea, Hawaii@USA - Pointing the same region - ~24 mag (30-60sec exposure) - Each 3 deg2 FoV with 1.4 billion pixel camera (0.3”/pixel)

- Telescope network for time-domain astronomical observations (supernovae, exo-planets etc.)- Two 2m telescopes (Faulkes Telescope North/South) - Several 1m telescopes@USA, Chile, Australia, South Africa many (~20) 0.4-m telescopes- 50 employees including research scientists, engineers and support staff- Only collaborators and invited guests can submit proposals

© LCOGT.net (http://lcogt.net/)

Faulkes North Faulkes South

LCOGT (Las Cumbres Observatory Global Telescope)


Time-Domain Surveys w/ >2m telescope大口径望遠鏡・宇宙望遠鏡でのdeep サーベイのデータ分割元々/他の目的: high-z galaxy evolution, weak lensing, ...多くは共同利用望遠鏡



- Hubble Space Telescope (2.4m)- optical/infrared imagers (surveyors) Wide-Field Planetary Camera 2 (WFPC2): 2.6 x 2.6 arcmin2

Near Infrared Camera and Multi-Object Spectrometer (NICMOS): 0.85 x 0.85 arcmin2

Advanced Camera for Survey (ACS): 3.3 x 3.3 arcmin2

Wide Field Camera 3 (WFC3): 2.7 x 2.7 arcmin2

Hubble Space Telescope ~ deep survey ~

Type Ia Supernova survey @ GOODS (HDF-N, CDF-S) - cosmology: Riess+2004, Riess+2007 - SN Ia rate: Dahlen+2004, Kuznetsova+2008, Dahlen+2008 - optically-variable AGN: Sarajedini+2003, Cohen+2006Type Ia Supernova survey (HST Cluster Supernova Survey; HST-CSS) - cosmology: Suzuki+2012 - SN Ia rate: Barbary+2012a, Barbary+2012b - unusual transient: Barbary+2009Cosmic Assembly Near-infrared Deep Extragalactic Legacy Survey (CANDELS) - survey description: Grogin+2011, Koekemoer+2011. SNe Ia@z>1.3Cluster Lensing And Supernova survey with Hubble (CLASH) - survey description: Postman+2012. SNe Ia@z<0.5

Grogin+2011

Suzuki+2012


CFHT/MegaCam: SNLS ~ deep survey ~- Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope (3.6m)- optical/infrared imagers (surveyors) MegaCam: 1 x 1 deg2

Type Ia Supernova survey (Supernova Legacy Survey; SNLS) @ CFHT Legacy Survey (CFHTLS) - cosmology: Astier+2006, Conley+2012 - SN rate: Neil+2007

242 spec-ID SNe Ia @ 0.2<z<1.0 (Conley+2012) (decelerating --> accelerating)

Suzuki+2012(HST-CSS)


CTIO/DECam: Dark Energy Survey (DES)- 2012~, 5 years- Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory Blanco (4m)- Dark Energy Camera (DECam): 3 deg2

- grizY- Survey: 5,000 deg2 in southern sky (300 million galaxies)- every few days monitoring- SNe Ia, Baryon Acoustic Oscillations (BAO), Galaxy clusters (GC), Weak Gravitational Lensing (WL)

1st light@Sep. 2012

~1000 SNe Ia @ z<1 (9 deg2)

http://www.darkenergysurvey.org/

http://www.darkenergysurvey.org

http://www.darkenergysurvey.org


Subaru/Suprime-Cam- Subaru Telescope (8.2m), Suprime-Cam- 10 2kx4d CCDs, 0.25 deg2

- at Mauna Kea Observatory, Hawaii@USA- days-years

Type Ia Supernova survey@Subaru Deep Field (SDF, 0.25 deg2) Subaru/XMM-Newton Deep Survey (SXDS, 1.3 deg2) - cosmology: Yasuda+2013 (in prep.) - SN rate: Poznanski+2007, Oda+2008, Totani+2008, Graur+2011, Okumura+2013 (submitted) - Supernova spectrum: TM+2010 - variability survey: TM+2008a - optically-variable AGN: TM+2008b - high proper motion stars: Richmond,TM+2009, Richmond,TM+2010 - unusual transient: Urata+2012

SXDS (Furusawa+2008)

5 Suprime-Cam FoVs7 XMM-Newton FoVs


“legacy” survey: 300 nights over 5 years from 2013 fall3-layer survey (5 broad-bands + several narrow-bands)

wide (10-20 minutes, i~26 mag, ~1300 deg2): - weak lensing, galaxy clusters, high-z quasars, ... - examine variability within a day: SN shock breakoutdeep (1-2 hours, i~27 mag, ~30 deg2): - high-z galaxy, supernovae, quasars, GRBs, ... - ~10 epochs over 5 years - SN Ia/CC rate, SN shock breakout, faint-end quasar LFs at z~4-5ultradeep (10-30 hours, i~28 mag, 3.5 deg2): - high-z galaxy, supernovae, GRBs, AGN, ... - ~20 epochs over 5 years (higher candence & deeper) - SN Ia cosmology@z~1.5, SN Ia/CC rate, SN shock breakout@z<2, luminous SN@z~5, ultra-bright optical transient, GRB orphan afterglow, tidal disruption, low-L AGN@z~1, solar-system

HSC Strategic Observation

Hyper Suprime-Cam (HSC) HSC

- PS --> PS2 --> PS4- PTF --> iPTF --> ZTF- Suprime-Cam --> Hyper Suprime-Cam

Future Time-Domain Surveys



- 2014~, 5 years- Three 1.6-m telescopes@Chile, Australia, South Africa- 18kx18k, 2x2 deg2- BVRIgriz- microlensing for LMC, SMC, and Galactic bulge- developed by KASI, Korea

Korea Microlensing Telescope Network (KMTNet)

- LSST (8.4m)- 9.6 deg2 FoV- ugrizy- ~1000 epochs, 10 years- all kinds of transient/variable/moving objects

Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST)

http://www.lsst.org/lsst/




- WISH (1.5m): 0.28 deg2

- Euclid (1.2m): 0.5 deg2

- WFIRST (1.1-2.4m): 0.35-0.6 deg2

- JWST (6.5m): 0.003 deg2 (NIRCam)

- highest-z SN Ia: z~3 luminous SN: z~>5-10 <-- 1st luminous SN?- rest-frame NIR Hubble diagram

JWST, WISH, Euclid, WFIRST ~ optical/NIR satellites ~

WFIRST

Euclid

WISH

JWST

bright transient objects in very wide (~ several 10-100 deg2) surveys --> good spectroscopic targets for TMT, JWST

Telescopes for detecting GW transient counterparts

©Kanner 2011 (thesis)「コンパクト連星の合体と電磁波対応天体」 2013/02/14,15 京都大学基礎物理学研究所

- absolute magnitude -15 mag <--> 20mag@d=100Mpc <--> limit by 1-m class telescope- all-sky imaging data in optical r~25 mag until 2020s: SDSS+Pan-STARRS+LSST- SDSS spectroscopic data for r<17.7 galaxies (corresponding to a LMC@d=100Mpc)- two kinds of transient surveys in optical 1. dedicated small telescope with a very wide field-of-view imaging instrument 2. space-based or large ground-based telescope: deep surveys- all-sky, high-cadence monitoring required all over the world (360 deg longitude coverage), probably 1-m class telescope would be OK for localizing GW EM counterparts. - several Japanese project - MOA-II@New Zealand - Kiso/KWFC: 2 large programs - Kiso Supernova Survey (KISS) uniquely high cadence (1 hour) for SN shock breakouts, automatic reduction system - KISOGP variable star survey in Galactic Plane - OISTER: 1-2m class domestic telescope for follow-up of transient events - Subaru/Suprime-Cam, Hyper Suprime-Cam: ~<30 deg2, r~26mag - WISH satellite

Summary


Documents

可視突発天体・超新星サーベイ › ~hotoke › compact2013 › ...可視突発天体・超新星サーベイ ~ 可視広視野カメラによる大規模変動天体サーベイ