ECOLOGYPopulation Concept

Ecosystem Concept

Example of ecosystem

Cycling and Energy flow

Inter-relationship

Succession

Population Concept

Factor affecting population growth

Growth curve

Survivorshio curves

Age pyramids

Factors affect population Birth rate (natality) Death rate (mortality) Time to reach sexual maturity Number of individual now Life span Migration Competition Predation Physical factor

Growth Curve

S-shaped curveJ-shaped curve

Popu

latio

n

Time

Popu

latio

n

Time

S-shaped CurvePo

pula

tion

Time

Lag

Log

Stationary

J- shaped Curve (algae)Po

pula

tion

Time

Nutrient added

Nutrient Used up

Survivorship CurvePo

pula

tion

Life span

Fish, crab

Most animal, plant

Man, large animal

Age pyramids

Growth of human population

Medical technologyAgricultural technologyLess natural disasterInsufficient birth control

Control of population

LegistrationEducationMedical method

Physical Barrier Contraceptive pill operation

Related Web site Ecology: Populations — Growth, range,

density, hyperlinks http://gened.emc.maricopa.edu/Bio/BIO181/BIOBK/BioBookpopecol.html

Ecosystem Concept

HabitatPopulationCommunityEcosystemNicheBiomeBiosphere

Habitat

Population

Community

Ecosystem

Other

Niche = Role of that organismEach organism has specific niche. No two organisms have same niche.

Biome = abiotic + biotic factors + Climate

Biosphere = all in the earth

Related Web siteBiomes — Menus http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu

/glossary/gloss5/biome/index.htmlBiomes: World I — 12 biomes outlined http://pc65.frontier.osrhe.edu/hs/science/biome1.htm Biomes: World II — 11 biomes hyperlinked http://www.runet.edu/~swoodwar

/CLASSES/GEOG235/biomes/main.html

ExampleRocky shore

Food chain

Producer

1st trophic

Primary consumer

2nd trophic

Secondary consumer 3rd tro

phic

Tertiary consumer 4th trophi

c

Food

Web

Food

Chain

Number pyramids

Tree grass

Death

Death, excrete

Death, excrete

Death, excrete

Respiration

RespirationRespiration

Respiration

Energy flow

Sun

Producer (green plant)

1st consumer (herbivores)

2nd consumer

3rd consumer

Deco

mpo

sers

Most energy lost

Water cycle

Carbon cycle

Nitrogen cycle

Nitrogen fixing

Related Web siteCycles, Chains, Webs Biogeochemical Cycles — Carbon, nitrogen, water http://pc65.frontier.osrhe.edu/hs/science/bcycles.htm Food Chains, Webs, Cycles http://www.marietta.edu/~biol

/102/ecosystem.html#Energyflowthroughtheecosystem3 Food Pyramids

http://www.geog.ouc.bc.ca/physgeog/contents/9o.html

Interdependence of organisms

PredationCompetitionCommensalismMutualismParasitism

Predationnu

mbe

r

Time

prey

predator

Competitionnu

mbe

r

Time

Competitor A

Competitor B

Commensalism nu

mbe

r

Time

Host

Commensal

Mutualism nu

mbe

r

Time

symbionts

Symbionts

Parasitism nu

mbe

r

Time

Host

Parasite

Related Web siteCompetitive exclusion principle — Competition between species (Gau

ss) http://www.gypsymoth.ento.vt.edu/~sharov/PopEcol/lec11/inter.html

Preditor/Prey: Didinium, Paramecium http://www.hi.is/pub/haxi/ritgerdir/pop-ec.htm

Symbiosis I — types and discussionhttp://www.ms-starship.com/sciencenew/symbiosis.htm

Symbioses II — types and discussion

http://www.baylorhealth.com/proceedings/13_3/13_3_dimijian.htm

Succession

Ecological succession is process by which communities in the ecosystem change with time.

For forest succession:Lichen communityAlgae and mossesHerbs ShrubsTrees

Lichen community

Algae and mosses

Herb community

Shrubs community

Tree (Climax)

Fire succession

Related Web siteSuccession: Ecological I — Well done! Info

and illustrationshttp://library.thinkquest.org/17456/successionall.html

Succession: Ecological II — Forest Cycle http://www.connix.com/~harry/forest.htm