전기자동차와 스마트 그리드간 네트워킹

2013.01.17(목)

한국전기연구원/전기정보망연구센터

이재조 책임연구원

Contents

1 전기차 충전기 통신방식 표준화 동향

2 ISO/IEC 15118 Vehicle to Grid

3 KERI EV-PLC

Electric Vehicle

EV Charging System

AC electric vehicle charging station DC electric vehicle charging station

On-Board Charger Battery

Operating system

AC Power

AC Power

AC earth leakage breaker

Electric Vehicle

DC earth leakage breaker AC earth leakage breaker

Rectifier Isolation transformer

Inverter Converter

• Control Pilot (PWM signal) • Proximity Detection • Power Line Communication

• Control Pilot (PWM signal) • Proximity Detection • Power Line Communication • Control Area Network-CHAdeMO

Low-level Communication

High-level Communication

Electric Vehicle

국가별 커넥터-인렛 형상 채택 동향

IEC USA China Japan Korea

AC

DC

SAE J1772 SAE J1772 SAE J1772

IEC 62196-3 IEC 62196-3 AC/DC Combo

SAE J1772 + DC

IEC G2196-2

China STD

SAE J1772

IEC 62196-2

IEC 62196-3

AC/DC Combo IEC 62196+DC

DC-Type1 DC-Combo-Type1

DC-Type2 DC-Combo-Type2

Control Pilot (PWM signal) Power Line Communication Control Area Network

Low level Communication

Control Pilot

Charge Controller

Isolation Monitor

Battery

Charger

Control Electronics

Buffer

⑤

① ②

③

④

Main(Power Line, L1)

Main(Power Line, L2 or N)

GND

PWM +12V Monitoring circuit

1kHz PWM Oscillator

+5V

Electric Vehicle Electric Vehicle Charging System Connector Inlet

(SAE J1172)

Low level Communication

Control Pilot

PWM Diagram Verification of Vehicle Connection: EV 연결감지

EVSE Ready to Supply Energy: EVSE 오실레이터 Turn on

EV Ready to Accept Energy

Determination of Indoor Ventilation: EVSE 전압측정

EVSE Current Capacity: EVSE PWM duty 변조

Verification of Equipment Grounding Continuity

High level Communication

Control Area Network

6 5

1

4 2 3

7 8 9

10

GND

Non-command

Control Pilot

DC Power(-) DC Power(+)

Non-command

CAN High CAN Low

Non-command

BMS Wake up(12V)

DC Charger vehicle interface (IEC 62196-3) CHAdeMO( )

• , : ISO 11898-1

• CAN ( CAN 2.0A/B)

• : 500kbps

• CAN 2.0A vs 2.0B

ID

2.0A: 7bit(2,032 )

2.0B: 29bit(5 )

2.0A: CAN ,

2.0B: CAN ,

High level Communication

Control Area Network

TX

RX

TX

RX

CAN IC

CAN IC

Term

ination

resistor

Term

ination

resistor

Noise

filter

Noise

filter

Charger-side Electric Vehicle-side

Twisted-pair line

CAN 통신회로는 DC 충전과 독립적으로 구성됨.

High level Communication

Power Line Communication

CS

DC+ / L1 DC- / L2/N

PE CP

PE

CP PP

L1

L2 / DC- L3 / DC+

N

CS

L1 L2/N

PE CP

DC- DC+

PE

CP PP

L1

L2 L3

N

DC- DC+

Connector Electric Vehicle

Type 1

Type 2

Combo 2

Combo 1

Control Unit

(with PLC)

Relay Box

Battery

AC Charger 1 ~ or 3

Control Pilot

N

L1

L2

L3

PE(Ground)

DC+

DC-

Usability of DC Combo System design for all

Types of DC Connectors.

+ Compatibility for AC Charging using the

same physical layer(PLC) for both AC

and DC charging communication

Standardization

ISO/IEC 충전 인프라 표준 분류

IEC 62196 : Plugs, socket-outlets, vehicle couplers and vehicle inlets IEC 61851 : Electric vehicle conductive charging system IEC 61850 : Communication networks and systems for power utility interface ISO/IEC 15118 : Vehicle to grid Communication interface

ELECTRIC CEHICLE CONDUCTIVE CHARGING SYSTEM

Part 24 : Digital communication between a d.c. EV charging station and an electric

vehicle for control of d.c. charging

ISO/IEC 15118 Vehicle to grid Communication interface

Part 1: General information and use-case definition

Part 2: Technical protocol description and Open Systems Interconnections

(OSI) layer requirements Part 3: Physical layer and Data Link layer

requirements

Standardization

충전 통신 국제 표준의 범위 비교

ISO/IEC JWG SAE Hybrid Committee IEC TC69

개발표준내용

15118-1 일반사항 및 유즈케이스

J2836 일반사항 및 유즈케이스 - 2836-1 유틸리티 프로그램 - 2836-2 오프보드 충전통신 - 2836-3 에너지 역전송 - 2836-4 진단 - 2836-5 고객과 HAN(홈네트워크)

61851-24 D.C. 충전기와 전기자동차 사이의 D.C. 충전 제어를 위한 디지털 통신

15118-2 OSI 계층별 요구사항 J2847 메시지 및 다이어그램 - Part 1~5 범위는 J2836과 통일 61851-24 부속서

- 부속서 A : 일본 CHADEMO - 부속서 B : 중국 제안 - 부속서 C : 미국 제안 - 부속서 D : 유럽제안

15118-3 물리/데이터링크 계층 요구사항

J2931 요구사항 및 프로토콜 - 2931-1 일반사항 - 2931-2 인밴드 신호 - 2931-3 PLC

충전통신범위 A.C. / D.C. 충전 A.C. / D.C. 충전 D.C. 충전

커플러 형상 규격

IEC 62196-2(A.C. 충전) IEC 62196 +D.C. 콤보

J1772(A.C. 충전) J1772+D.C. 콤보 부속서별 제안기술에 따라 적용

주도 국가 독일, 프랑스 미국 일본, 중국, 독일

Standardization

IEC 61851

Standardization

IEC 61851-24

Standardization

IEC 61851-24

61851-24 Annex - Annex A : 일본 CHADEMO - Annex B : 중국 제안 - Annex C : 미국 제안

Standardization

ISO/IEC 15118

ISO/IEC 15118 consists of the following parts, under the general title Road vehicles Vehicle to grid communication interface: Part 1: General information and use-case definition Part 2: Technical protocol description and open systems interconnections (OSI) requirements Part 3: Physical and data link layer requirements

Standardization

ISO/IEC 15118-1

Draft International Standard(DIS)

Standardization

ISO/IEC 15118-1

EV EVSE Operator

Primary actors Secondary actors

Standardization

ISO/IEC 15118-1

Standardization

ISO/IEC 15118-1

Standardization

ISO/IEC 15118-1

With high-level communication (normative)

Without high-level communication (informative)

D1

D2

D3

D4

Standardization

ISO/IEC 15118-1

Public charging at kerb side

NOTE All blacked out items do not seem to be applicable within this scenario

Private charging

NOTE All blacked out items do not seem to be applicable within this scenario.

Standardization

ISO/IEC 15118-2

Draft International Standard(DIS)

Standardization

ISO/IEC 15118-2

The V2G Transfer Protocol

Efficient XML Interchange

SECC Discovery Protocol

Standardization

ISO/IEC 15118-2

Standardization

ISO/IEC 15118-2

Network Layer

IPv6 A V2G entity shall support IPv6 as defined in IETF RFC 2460.

Dynamic Host Control Protocol (DHCPV6) An EVCC should implement a DHCPv6 client according to IETF RFC 3315

Neighbor Discovery (ND) The EVCC shall implement ND as defined in IETF RFC 4861.

Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) Each V2G entity shall implement ICMPv6 as specified in IETF RFC 4443.

Stateless auto address configuration (SLAAC)

Each V2G entity shall support the configuration of a link-local IPv6 unicast address as specified in IETF RFC 4291.

Address selection If multiple IPv6 addresses are supported, the IPv6 Default Address Selection shall be performed according IETF RFC 3484.

Network Layer service primitives The N-IP Address. indication notify about the status of the IP address assignment

Presentation EXI

Application Layer Messages SDP

Session V2GTP

Transport TCP, UDP, TLS

Network IP, ICMP, SLAAC

OSI Layer

7

OSI Layer

6

OSI Layer

5

OSI Layer

4

OSI Layer

3

Standardization

ISO/IEC 15118-2

Transport Layer

Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)

Each V2G entity shall implement TCP as specified in IETF RFC 793. Each V2G entity should implement TCP congestion control according to IETF RFC 5681

User Datagram Protocol (UDP)

Each V2G entities shall implement User Datagram Protocol according to IETF RFC 768. Each V2G entity shall implement the UDP-related requirements in IETF RFC 1122.

Transport Layer Security (TLS)

For the considered use cases unilateral authentication with TLS version 1.2 according to IETF RFC 5246 with extensions according to IETF RFC 3546 shall be supported by each V2G entity. The EVCC authenticates the SECC, by providing its certificate (chain) to the EVCC.

Presentation EXI

Application Layer Messages SDP

Session V2GTP

Transport TCP, UDP, TLS

Network IP, ICMP, SLAAC

OSI Layer

7

OSI Layer

6

OSI Layer

5

OSI Layer

4

OSI Layer

3

Standardization

ISO/IEC 15118-2

Presentation EXI

Application Layer Messages SDP

Session V2GTP

Transport TCP, UDP, TLS

Network IP, ICMP, SLAAC

OSI Layer

7

OSI Layer

6

OSI Layer

5

OSI Layer

4

OSI Layer

3

Standardization

ISO/IEC 15118-2

Presentation EXI

Application Layer Messages SDP

Session V2GTP

Transport TCP, UDP, TLS

Network IP, ICMP, SLAAC

OSI Layer

7

OSI Layer

6

OSI Layer

5

OSI Layer

4

OSI Layer

3

Standardization

ISO/IEC 15118-2

Presentation EXI

Application Layer Messages SDP

Session V2GTP

Transport TCP, UDP, TLS

Network IP, ICMP, SLAAC

OSI Layer

7

OSI Layer

6

OSI Layer

5

OSI Layer

4

OSI Layer

3

Standardization

ISO/IEC 15118-2

Standardization

ISO/IEC 15118-3

COMMITTEE DRARF

Standardization

ISO/IEC 15118-3

Standardization

ISO/IEC 15118-3

Discovery of the ConnectedPLC node

Set-up logical network

kEntering Association process

EVSE_POTENTIALLY_FOUND EVSE_NOT_FOUNDEVSE_FOUND

No answers received

Doubt on the signal received

Direct signal received

Validationby Control Pilot

EVSE_NOT_FOUNDEVSE_FOUND

Success Failure

Link Established No link

Standardization

ISO/IEC 15118-3

Standardization

ISO/IEC 15118-3

Primitive IO-CPSTATE.indication Entity to support EV, Parameter Name Description CPState State of control pilot (A, B, C, D, E, F)

Primitive IO-GET_ CPDUTYCYCLE.confirmation Entity to support EV, EVSE

Parameter Name Description CPDUTYCYCLE Duty cycle value of the control pilot (0-100%)

A: EV 연결 안됨, S2 스위치 열림. B: EV 연결, S2 스위치 열림, 충전 불가능 C: EV 연결, S2 스위치 닫힘, 충전 준비(충전영역 환기 불필요) D: EV 연결, S2 스위치 닫힘, 충전 준비(충전영역 환기 필요) E: EV 연결, S2 스위치 열림, 충전 불가능(EVSE 문제 또는 접지단락) F: EV 연결, S2 스위치 열림, EVSE 사용불가능

KERI EV-PLC

전기자동차용 전력선통신 시스템

표준연구 시스템개발 테스트

표준연구 • ISO/IEC 15118 Vehicle to Grid communication interface 표준화 연구 • 국내 고속전력선통신(ISO/IEC 12139-1) 기술 국제표준 대응

시스템개발 • H/W 개발(KS-PLC, HomePlug GP, G3-PLC) • S/W 개발(SEP v2.0, ISO/IEC 15118-2)

테스트 • ISO/IEC 15118 PT4. Validation Set-up tests • Coexistence between ISO/IEC 12139-1 and HomePlug GP

KERI EV-PLC

전기자동차용 전력선통신 시스템

표준연구

• Part 1: General information and use-case definition

• Part 2: Technical protocol description and open systems interconnections (OSI) requirements

• Part 3: Physical and data link layer requirements

• Coexistence between ISO/IEC 12139-1 and HomePlug GP

• 국내 전기자동차 충전시스템은 ISO/IEC 12139-1 전력선통신 기술을 적용해야 한다는 결론임

• ISO/IEC 15118 PT4. Annex에 ISO/IEC 12139-1 표준 추가 요구 및 대응

ISO/IEC 15118 Vehicle to Grid communication interface

국내 전력선통신 (ISO/IEC 12139-1) 기술 ISO/IEC 15118 PT4. 대응

KERI EV-PLC

전기자동차용 전력선통신 시스템

시스템개발

전기자동차용 전력선통신 모뎀 개발(H/W)

• ISO/IEC 12139-1 기반 전력선통신 모뎀 개발

• HomePlug GP 기반 전력선통신모뎀 개발

• G3-PLC 기반 전력선통신 모뎀 개발

• 고속 전력선통신 AFE 설계

• 고속 전력선통신 CPL 커플링 기술 개발

• PWM H/W interface 기술개발

• EV, EVSE interface 기술개발

전기자동차용 전력선통신 프로토콜 개발(S/W)

• ISO/IEC 15118 Part.2 프로토콜 스택 개발

• ISO/IEC 15118 Part.2 EV-EVSE Application 개발

• SEP v2.0 기반 EV- EVSE Application 개발

Ethernet MAC TCP/UDP/IP (LwIP)

HTTP/HTTPS/mDNS… zFi WiFi

module

XML Parser WizFi I/F

SEP2.0

FreeRTO

S

APPLICATION • EV/EVSE Client Application

KERI EV-PLC

전기자동차용 전력선통신 시스템

추후연구방향 테스트

ISO/IEC 15118 PT4. Validation Set-up tests

• Bulk Current Injection

• Conducted Emissions on Power line

• Radiated Emissions

• Crosstalk

• Pilot line

Coexistence between ISO/IEC 12139-1 and HomePlug GP

KERI EV-PLC

Validation Set-up Tests

LISN 2

LISN 3

Phase / DC+

Neutral / DC-

ComponentPower Supply LISN 4

Transmitter Load

Ground

Ground Plane

50 cm 50 cm

50 Ω

LISN 1

AdaptationCircuit

LISN 5Component

Power Supply

CouplerAmplifier

InjectionProbe

X

PowerMeter

50 Ω

Laptop

ShieldedChamber

OpticalConverter

OpticalConverter

50 Ω

2 m

R 0.60 cm

R 0.60 cm

Receiver

ISO/IEC 15118 PT4 Validation Set-up Tests Bulk Current Injection(BCI)

Conducted Emissions on Power line

Radiated Emissions

Crosstalk

Pilot line

KERI EV-PLC

Coexistence Tests

L1 N Earth(Ground) Control Pilot Proximity detection

Automatic Meter

Reading Electric Vehicle Supply

Equipment

Electric Vehicle

ISO/IEC 12139-1 HPGP ISO/IEC

12139-1 HPGP

Blocking Filter for PLC Frequency band 1.7MHz~30MHz Rated Voltage/Current: AC 220V/30A Signal Attenuation: -50 ±5dB Operating Temp. -10°C ~ +60°C

대단히 감사합니다.

Korea Electro technology Research Institute

Power Telecommunication Network Research Group

Principal Researcher Jae-Jo Lee. Ph.D.

Tel : +82-31-8040-4124 E-mail : jjlee@keri.re.kr

Questions and Answers