컴 터 래픽 를 위한컴퓨터 그래픽스를 위한윈도우 프로그래밍윈도우 프로그래밍

1 t W k 20091st Week, 2009

시작하기 Visual Studio 2008시작하기 – Visual Studio 2008

새 프로젝트새 프로젝트

■ 파일 새로 만들기 프로젝트■ 파일 새로 만들기 프로젝트■ Visual C++ 프로젝트 Win32 프로젝트

응용 프로그램 설정응용 프로그램 설정

■ 빈 프로젝트■ 빈 프로젝트

“Prac01” 솔루션Prac01 솔루션

새 항목 추가새 항목 추가

C++ 파일C++ 파일

“main cpp”main.cpp

“main0 cpp” 다운로드main0.cpp 다운로드

솔루션 빌드솔루션 빌드

오류오류

Unicode vs Multi ByteUnicode vs. Multi-Byte

■ SBCS (Single Byte Character Set)■ SBCS (Single Byte Character Set)■■ ASCIIASCII code: 1 byte character set

■ DBCS (Double Byte Character Set)■ Korean■ Korean

■ MBCS (Multi Byte Character Set)■ MBCS (Multi Byte Character Set)■ SBCS + DBCS: ~ Windows 9x

■ WBCS (Wide Byte Character Set)■■ UnicodeUnicode: Windows 2000 ~■■ UnicodeUnicode: Windows 2000

프로젝트 속성프로젝트 속성

멀티바이트 문자 집합 사용멀티바이트 문자 집합 사용

실행실행

■ 솔루션 빌드 F7■ 솔루션 빌드 F7■ 디버깅 시작 F5

디버깅하지 않 시작■ 디버깅하지 않고 시작 Ctrl + F5

■ 디버그 툴

실행 결과실행 결과

“main cpp” 구조main.cpp 구조#include <windows.h>

HWND MyMWindowHandle = 0;

LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc( HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM );LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc( HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM );

int WINAPI WinMain( HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE, LPSTR, intnShowCmd )

{{// Create the main window

// Main message loopg p

}

LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc( HWND hWnd UINT msg WPARAM wParamLRESULT CALLBACK WndProc( HWND hWnd, UINT msg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam )

{

}

Includes, Global Variables, and Prototypes

Includes, Global Variables, and Prototypes

■ Includes■ Includes

■ Obtaining the structures, types, and function

#include <windows.h>#include <windows.h>

■ Obtaining the structures, types, and function declarations needed for using the basic elements of the Win32 API

■ Global VariablesHWND MyMWindowHandle = 0;HWND MyMWindowHandle = 0;

■ Handle to a window – to refer our main application window

Prototypes■ Prototypes

Our main window’s window procedure

LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hWnd, UINT msg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam);

LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hWnd, UINT msg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam);

■ Our main window s window procedure

WinMain ( ) CreationWinMain ( ) – Creation

WinMain ( )WinMain ( )

■ The Windows equivalent to the main() in■ The Windows equivalent to the main() in normal C++ programming

int WINAPI WinMain(int WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, PSTR pCmdLine, int nShowCmd

HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, PSTR pCmdLine, int nShowCmd

■ hInstance: Handle to the current application

););

instance■ hPrevInstance: Not used in Win32 programmingl C dLi Th d li t t i■ lpCmdLine: The command line argument string used to run the program

■ nCmdShow: Specifying how the application should■ nCmdShow: Specifying how the application should be displayed

WNDCLASS (1)WNDCLASS (1)

■ Describing our window with WNDCLSS■ Describing our window with WNDCLSS

typedef struct _WNDCLASS {UINT style;

typedef struct _WNDCLASS {UINT style; y ;WNDPROC lpfnWndProc; int cbClsExtra; int cbWndExtra; HANDLE hInstance; HICON hIcon;

y ;WNDPROC lpfnWndProc; int cbClsExtra; int cbWndExtra; HANDLE hInstance; HICON hIcon; ;HCURSOR hCursor; HBRUSH hbrBackground; LPCTSTR lpszMenuName; LPCTSTR lpszClassName;

} WNDCLASS;

;HCURSOR hCursor; HBRUSH hbrBackground; LPCTSTR lpszMenuName; LPCTSTR lpszClassName;

} WNDCLASS;

■ style: Specifying the class stylel f W dP P i t t th i d d

} ;} ;

■ lpfnWndProc: Pointer to the window procedure functioncbClsExtra and cbWndExtra: Extra memory slots■ cbClsExtra and cbWndExtra: Extra memory slots

WNDCLASS (2)WNDCLASS (2)

■ hInstance: A handle to our application instance■ hInstance: A handle to our application instance■ hIcon: Specifying a handle to an icon■ hCursor: Specifying a handle to a cursor■ hCursor: Specifying a handle to a cursor■ hbrBackground: Specifying the background of the

client area of the windowclient area of the window■ lpszMenuName: Specifying the window’s menu■ lpszClassName: Specifying the name of the■ lpszClassName: Specifying the name of the

window class structure

Class StylesClass Styles

LoadIcon( )LoadIcon( )

LoadCursor( )LoadCursor( )

GetStockObject( )GetStockObject( )

Creating the Window (1)Creating the Window (1)

■ Creating a window based on WNDCLASS■ Creating a window based on WNDCLASS description

HWND CreateWindow( LPCTSTR lpClassName,

HWND CreateWindow( LPCTSTR lpClassName, p ,LPCTSTR lpWindowName, DWORD dwStyle, int x, int y, int nWidth,

p ,LPCTSTR lpWindowName, DWORD dwStyle, int x, int y, int nWidth, ,int nHeight, HWND hWndParent, HMENU hMenu, HANDLE hInstance, PVOID lpParam

,int nHeight, HWND hWndParent, HMENU hMenu, HANDLE hInstance, PVOID lpParam

■ lpClassName: The name of the registered WNDCLASS t t

p);

p);

WNDCLASS structure■ lpWindowName: The name we want to give our

windowwindow

Creating the Window (2)Creating the Window (2)

■ dwStyle: Defining the style of window■ dwStyle: Defining the style of window■ x: The position at the top-left corner of the window■ y: The position at the top-left corner of the window■ y: The position at the top left corner of the window■ nWidth: The width of the window in pixels■ nHeight: The height of the window in pixels■ nHeight: The height of the window in pixels■ hWndParent: Handle to a window that is to be the

parent of this windowparent of this window■ hMenu: A handle to menu■ hInstance: Handle to the application■ hInstance: Handle to the application■ lpParam: A pointer to user-defined data

WinMain ( ) Message LoopWinMain ( ) – Message Loop

The Message Loop (1)The Message Loop (1)

■ The message structure that represents a■ The message structure that represents a Windows message

typedef struct tagMSG { typedef struct tagMSG { yp gHWND hwnd; UINT message; WPARAM wParam; LPARAM lParam; DWORD time;

yp gHWND hwnd; UINT message; WPARAM wParam; LPARAM lParam; DWORD time;

■ hWnd: The handle to the window

POINT pt; } MSG;

POINT pt; } MSG;

■ message: A predefined constant value identifying the message (e.g. WM_QUIT)P d lP E t i f ti■ wParam and lParam: Extra information

■ time: The time the message was posted■ pt: The (x y) coordinates of the mouse cursor■ pt: The (x, y) coordinates of the mouse cursor

The Message Loop (2)The Message Loop (2)

■ Entering the message loop■ Entering the message loopwhile( GetMessage( &msg, 0, 0, 0 ) ){

TranslateMessage( &msg );DispatchMessage( &msg );

while( GetMessage( &msg, 0, 0, 0 ) ){

TranslateMessage( &msg );DispatchMessage( &msg );

■ GetMessage()■ Returning true unless a WM QUIT

DispatchMessage( &msg );}

DispatchMessage( &msg );}

■ Returning true unless a WM_QUIT■ Retrieving a message from the message queue■ Filling in members of MSG structure

()■ TranslateMessage()■ Performing some keyboard translation and virtual key

messages to character messages specifically■ DispatchMessage()

■ Dispatching the message off to the appropriate window proc.p

The Window ProcedureThe Window Procedure

The Window Procedure (1)The Window Procedure (1)

■ Executing in response to a message our■ Executing in response to a message our window receives LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(

HWND hWnd,UINT uMsg

LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hWnd,UINT uMsg

CallbackCallback function: Windows will be calling this

UINT uMsg, WPARAM wParam,LPARAM lParam

);

UINT uMsg, WPARAM wParam,LPARAM lParam

);

■■ CallbackCallback function: Windows will be calling this function outside of the code space of the program

■ hWnd: The handle to the window receiving the■ hWnd: The handle to the window receiving the message

■ uMsg: A predefined value that identifies the■ uMsg: A predefined value that identifies the particular message (e.g. WM_QUIT)

■ wParam and lParam: Extra information about the message

The Window Procedure (2)The Window Procedure (2)

■ Handling three messages:■ Handling three messages:switch( msg ) {

case WM_LBUTTONDOWN:MessageBo ( NULL "H ll W ld" "H ll " MB OK )

switch( msg ) {case WM_LBUTTONDOWN:

MessageBo ( NULL "H ll W ld" "H ll " MB OK )MessageBox( NULL, "Hello, World", "Hello", MB_OK );break;

case WM_KEYDOWN:if( wParam == VK_ESCAPE )

DestroyWindow( MyMWindowHandle );

MessageBox( NULL, "Hello, World", "Hello", MB_OK );break;

case WM_KEYDOWN:if( wParam == VK_ESCAPE )

DestroyWindow( MyMWindowHandle );y ( y );break;

case WM_DESTROY: PostQuitMessage( 0 ); break;

d f lt

y ( y );break;

case WM_DESTROY: PostQuitMessage( 0 ); break;

d f ltdefault:return DefWindowProc( hWnd, msg, wParam, lParam );

}

default:return DefWindowProc( hWnd, msg, wParam, lParam );

}

■ WM_LBUTTONDOWN: clicking left mouse button■ WM_KEYDOWN: pressing a key (c.f. virtual key codevirtual key code)

d t i th i d■ WM_DESTROY: destroying the window

The Window Procedure (3)The Window Procedure (3)

■ Default window procedure■ Default window procedure

Win32 API function

return DefWindowProc( hwnd, msg, wParam, lParam );return DefWindowProc( hwnd, msg, wParam, lParam );

■ Win32 API function■ Using default behavior for all other messages (e.g.

minimizing maximizing resizing and closing aminimizing, maximizing, resizing, and closing a window)

The Message Box FunctionThe Message Box Function

■ Win32 API function■ Win32 API functionint MessageBox(

HWND hWnd,LPCTSTR lpText,

int MessageBox(HWND hWnd,LPCTSTR lpText,

hWnd: Handle of owner window (may specify null)

LPCTSTR lpCaption,UINT uType

);

LPCTSTR lpCaption,UINT uType

);

■ hWnd: Handle of owner window (may specify null)■ lpText: Text to put in the message boxl C ti : Te t fo the title of the message bo■ lpCaption: Text for the title of the message box

■ uType: Style of the message boxMessageBox( NULL, "Hello, World", "Hello", MB_OK );MessageBox( NULL, "Hello, World", "Hello", MB_OK );

MessageBox( )MessageBox( )

연습 문제 (1)연습 문제 (1)

■ Application Window의 배경색 아이콘 커서를■ Application Window의 배경색, 아이콘, 커서를변경시키시오.A li ti Wi d 의 크기를 800 600으로 변■ Application Window의 크기를 800x600으로 변경시키시오.

의 제 을 자신의 학번과 이■ Application Window의 제목을 자신의 학번과 이름으로 변경시키시오.

■ 좌측 마우스 버튼을 클릭했을 때 생성되는Message Box를 다음과 같이 변경시키시오.g

리소스 추가리소스 추가

메뉴 (1)메뉴 (1)

메뉴 (2)메뉴 (2)

메뉴 (3)메뉴 (3)

메뉴 (4)메뉴 (4)

메뉴 (5)메뉴 (5)

메뉴 (6)메뉴 (6)

실행 결과 메뉴 (1)실행 결과 – 메뉴 (1)

메뉴 (7)메뉴 (7)

메뉴 (8)메뉴 (8)

메뉴 (9)메뉴 (9)

실행 결과 메뉴 (2)실행 결과 – 메뉴 (2)

연습 문제 (2)연습 문제 (2)

■ 다음과 같이 메뉴를 추가하시오■ 다음과 같이 메뉴를 추가하시오.