Efficient solutions for municipal sludge dryingEfficient solutions for municipal sludge drying高效市政污泥干化方案 高效市政污泥干化方案 – –

Experiences from Bekkelaget WWTP in OsloExperiences from Bekkelaget WWTP in Oslo来自挪威奥斯陆来自挪威奥斯陆 BBekkelagetekkelaget 的经验的经验

THERMAL PROCESSING EQUIPMENT

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This presentation

AB Torkapparater – thermal processing equipment/ 瑞典Torkapparater 公司 - 热处理设备

Our Sludge experiences/ 我们的污泥处理经验 The Bekkelaget case/Bekkelaget 污水处理厂案例

– Background/ 案例背景– Experiences/ 经验– Economics/ 经济效益

Our technology/ 我们的技术 Conclusions/ 结论

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AB Torkapparater

Established 1937 by Gustav Bojner/ 成立于 1937 年 , 创始人 Gustav Bojner

Family owned since then/ 家族拥有 1000 reference projects worldwide/ 全球范围有 1000 个业绩 Customers: / 用户包括

– originally: chemical, minerals, pulp&paper, food, etc/ 化工、矿山、造纸、食品等– today focus on: bioenergy, recycling, environmentally driven projects/如今集中在生物能、再利用、环保等领域。

Main office in Stockholm, sales office in Gothenburg, Sweden/ 总部再瑞典斯德哥尔摩并再 Gothenburg 有办事处

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Our business/ 我们的业务”Our idea is to provide systems for thermal

processing (drying, heating, pyrolysis, cooling, etc) for solids materials. Our systems shall offer outstanding operability, environmental performance and energy utilization to the lowest possible overall cost for our customers”. 我们为固体颗粒的热处理提供系统 . 我们的系统提供杰出的操作性、高能量使用效率并且对环境无害以使用户的综合成本达到尽可能的最低限度。

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Our services/ 我们的服务 Turn-key systems for drying, pyrolysis, cooling and other thermal

processing of solids materials./ 提供干化、高温分解、冷却以及其它固体颗粒热处理的交钥匙系统。– Speciality: rotary equipment with indirect and direct heat

transfer/ 特点 : 旋转式直接及间接热传递– Experience from a wide spectrum of materials/ 具有处理多种物料的的经验

Test-runs using three full scale equipment/ 使用三套全尺寸设备进行测试运行 Process development and trouble-shooting using five pilot scale

equipment/ 使用 5 套小比例设备进行流程改良及故障排除 Service/ 现场服务

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Our sludge experience/ 污泥处理的经验1950 Sludge dryer to Sandin Eng. Bureau/ 提供给 Sandin

Eng. 署的污泥干化器1960-1970 Sludge burning kilns/ 污泥焚化炉 : Lulea town, Lövsta

Sthlm, Pitea, Sickla strand, Umeå, Himmerfjarden

1973 Sludge dryer/ 污泥干化器 to Horsens, Denmark and Hungary

1974 Patent: Producing active carbon from municipal sludge/专利 : 从市政污泥中制造活性碳late 1970 3x Sludge dryer AArhus, Denmark

1993-2000 3x Dryer for municipal sludge: Himmerfjarden (Stockholm), Inverurie (Scottland), Bekkelaget (Oslo)

2001 CTMP sludges (Rockhammar pulp mill)

2002 Vacuum drying – a variety of sludges from Pulp&Paper industry/ 真空干化器 - 针对造纸工业不同种类的污泥

2003 Sludge dryer SCA Edet Bruk (paper mill)

+ numerous other test runs with various sludges/ 此外还有其它的测试经验不再次列举

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Sludge burning in rotary kiln, ~1970

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Himmerfjarden WWTP, STOCKHOLM, Sweden

WWTP* (250 000 p.e.) Into operation 1993/ 从 1993年开始运行 Evaporation 1,8 t/h/ 蒸发量

1.8 吨每小时 Indirect dryer/ 间接式干化器 Recirculation of sludge/ 污泥再循环 Hot-gas generator burns

biogas/ 沼气燃烧反应器 Heat recovered to process/ 热能回收流程 Integrated destruction of

odorous gases/ 臭味消除系统 Product forms granules/ 产生形状规整的颗粒

*WWTP= waste water treatment plant

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Bekkelaget WWTP, OSLO, Norway Installed in year 2000/ 于 2000 年安装 Customer requirements/ 用户的要求 :

– Turn-key delivery/ 交钥匙工程– Automatic operation/ 自动运行– Thermophilic digestion (temp=55

deg C) calls for a high degree of heat recovery at 80 degC/ 进行 80度的高温热回收以供在 55 度左右进行的污泥消化

– No odour (smell)/ 无臭味– Product easy to handle/ 处理后的污泥便于处置– Compact drying plant/ 结构紧凑

(WWTP built inside a mountain/ 污水处理厂建在山体内 )

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Selection of drying technology/ 干化技术的选择 The Customer chose AB Torkapparater as the

only dryer supplier that could meet these requirements

用户最终选择 Torkapparater 是因为我们是唯一能满足所有要求的公司 .

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Our technology and system/ 我们的技术及系统 Indirect dryer generates/ 间接法干化器具有 :

– high degree of heat recovery / 高温热回收– closed system / no odour/ 封闭的无臭味系统– automatic granulation (=ball formation)/ 自动造粒 ( 球

形 ) All gases have been deodorized before leaving

to the atmosphere/ 所有废气在排入大气之前都进行除臭处理。 Back-mixing of dried sludge (eliminates handling

problems at dryer inlet)/ 干污泥的反混 ( 消除了干化器入口的污泥传送问题 )

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Experience – start-up/ 经验 -启动 Most problems in the dryer are caused by

variations in the WWTP/ 大部分干化机的问题都是由于来自污水处理厂的污泥性质不稳定所造成的。 Important to achieve stable conditions in the

WWTP sludge treatment before starting the dryer/重要的是在启动干化器之前保持前级污水处理厂内污泥的稳定

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Experience – learning curve 经验–学习 Important that the personnel have time to learn

and work with the dryer system/重要的是操作人员必须花时间学习干化系统的知识 The process is adaptable – problems can be

solved/ 流程具有适应性 -问题可以被解决

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Experience – the situation today/ 如今的情况+ Excellent availability/极好的使用性 + Energy recovery as expected/ 达到预期的能量回收+ No odour problems/ 无任何臭味+ Excellent product quality (~0,01% dust)/极好的产品质量 ( 约 0.01% 的粉尘 )+ Preemtive maintenance minimise down-time/很少的维护降低了停产时间Further optimisation/ 进一步的优化 :

capacityproduct quality/容量产品质量

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Excellent product quality极好的产品质量

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Use of the dryed sludge/ 干化后污泥的使用 Fertiliser/肥料 Fuel to the cement industry/ 水泥工业的燃料及原料 Soil production for agriculture, forestry and golf

courses /农业 ,林业及高尔夫球场的土壤

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Experience – economics/ 经济效益 The dryer saves net >1 milj SEK per year/ 干化器每年净节省 1百万瑞典克朗以上 The main savings are reduced costs for

transportation and handling of the sludge/主要的节省来自于污泥运送及处置的费用 The main costs for the dryer is operation and

maintenance 干化器主要的成本是运行及维护费用 (costs for personnel/ 人工费 )

Our scope for drying systems/ 我们能提供的干化系统

Dewatering

脱水

Feed/ backmix/进料 / 反混Dryer/ 干化器Discharge

出料Recirculation

再循环

Storing/储存

Wet sludge/湿污泥

Dried sludge/ 干化后污泥

Heat supply

供热Heat recovery/热能回收

Dust handling/除尘处理 Odour control/异味控制Control systems/控制系统

Safety systems/安全系统

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Main process/主流程

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Handling of dried product/ 干化后污泥处置

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Process flowsheet – main components/ 流程图 -主要内容

Dryer/干化器

gas generator/ 气体发生器

Condenser/ 冷凝器 Scrubber/洗气装置

heat-exchanger/ 热交换器Cyclone/ 旋风分离器

Stack/烟囱

sludge

feeding system/ 污泥进料系统

silo for dried

sludge/干化污泥料仓Sieve/滤网

Burner/ 燃烧器

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Process flowsheet – media/ 流程图 -介质

Dryer/ 干化器

gas generator/气体发生器moist vent

air/湿通风空气stack

recycled dry sludge/ 循环干污泥

biogas / (oil)/ 沼气 / 燃油

dry sludge/ 干污泥

wet sludge/湿污泥

dry vent

air/ 干通风空气

Air/ 空气

circ. hot gases/ 循环热气

Air/空气

cond.

cond./冷凝水

circ. warm

water/循环热水 cooling water/ 冷却水

vent air/ 通风

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Process flowsheet – air loop/ 流程图 - 空气运行路线

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Two types of indirect dryers/两种类型的间接法干化器

feed material/入料material

Discharge/ 出料

• Hot gases, ~200-600°C

•热气

• Steam, hot water, thermal oil, etc/ 蒸汽热水、导热油 等

material

Discharge/出料

feed material/入料

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Indirect dryer, Bojner systems – heat supply from hot gases/ 间接式干化器 ,Bojner 系统 -由热煤气供热

discharge device

hot gas supply/inlet/热气 入口humid ventilation

supply/outlet/湿气通风出口material feed/进料

material outlet/出料

humid ventilation supply/inlet湿气通风入口

N.B. both hot gas and ventilation flow can be either co-current or counter-current/ 热煤气及 湿气通风流向可自由调整

hot gas supply/outlet/热气 出口

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Rotor design – material/sludge side转鼓设计– 物料 / 污泥部分

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Rotor design – hot gas side转鼓设计– 热气部分

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Hot gas heated indirect dryer/ 热气间接式加热干化器

hot gas generator/气体发生器

circulating hot gas/ 循环热气

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Indirect dryer – outlet duct/ 间接式干化器 -出口管路

material discharge/ 出料

vent air/通风管

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Material feeding system/ 进料系统

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Band weigh at dryer inlet/ 干化器入口出的带式称重装置

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Alternate feeding system/ 交替送料系统

inlet screw conveyor/ 入口螺旋输送机

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Alternate feedingsystem (cont.)/ 交替送料系统

sludge silo/ 污泥仓

back mixing of dried sludge/ 干污泥的反混

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Inlet screw conveyor/ 入口螺旋输送机

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Robust drives and other mechanics 坚固的电机和其他机械装置

main drive/主电机back-up drive/ 备用电机

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Modern control system/ 现代化控制系统

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Safety systems/安全系统

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Heat exchanger (multi purpose)/ 热交换器( 多用途 )

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Heat recovery equipment/ 热回收装置

Plate heat-exchanger e.g for condensate cooling/板式热交换器用于冷凝物的冷却

Lamella plate condenser/板式冷凝器

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Possible integration with combustion plant/整合污泥焚烧Destruction of odorous gases/异味去除

Fuel/ 燃料Fertilizer,

etc/肥料等

Biogas can provide extra heat/ 沼气可以提供额外的热量

Main fuel 主燃料Hot water gen. up to 80°C/ 最高达 80度的热水发生器

Wet sludge

湿污泥Condensate

Water evap in the dryer boosts boiler capacity /由干化器产生的水蒸汽增加了锅炉内的压力

Poss. Recycling/ 循环流程 Controllable product quality/可控的产品质量

Heat supply via hot gases, steam, etc/通过热气、蒸汽等供热

SLUDGE DRYER/ 污泥干化器

BOILER/ 焚烧炉

Dry sludge/ 干污泥

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Other on-going projects – recycling of PVC/正在实施的项目 -PVC 的循环使用

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On-going projects - drying of biomass正在执行的项目 - 生化废料干化

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On-going projects - Drying of deinking sludge/ 纸浆污泥干化

SCA Edet Bruk In op since 2003/ 从

2003 开始运行 Evaporation ~1,5 t/h/ 蒸发量为每小时 1.5 吨 Indirect dryer/ 间接式干化器 No sludge recirculation/无污泥循环 MP-steam? Prod. district heating? Dried sludge and

odorous gases burnt in BFB boiler/ 干化污泥与臭气一起在焚烧炉内被焚化

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Steam dryer – process scheme/ 蒸汽干化器 -方案

Sludge inlet/污泥入口

Sludge outlet/ 污泥出口

Steam/ 蒸汽Condensate/冷凝物

Vent air/通风空气Humid vent air(湿空气循环 )

DRYER/干化器

CONDENSER/冷凝器SCRUBBER/洗气装置

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Test runs in our own equipment/ 运行测试设备 several plants and aux. equipment available/ 具有几个工厂及附属设施 full-scale results/ 全尺寸的结果 tests can be performed with short notice?

Steam drying at Luleå Energi

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Excellent heat recovery opportunities/ 杰出的热能回收

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

30/50 50/70 60/80

Hetvattensystem (returtemp / framledn temp)

90 80

(Indirect steam heated dryer. Heat recovery in condenser + scrubber)

Ventilation air dew point, °C/通风空气的结露点

Various hot water system conditions/ 不同种类的热水系统 (return temp/ supply temp)( 出水温度 /供水温度 )

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Steam drying entirely or partly for free/ 蒸汽干化等于部分或全部免费

wet fuel in/湿燃油输入dried fuel out/ 干燃油输出

1 unit heat in/1 个单位的热能输入

0,75 units heat are recovered/0.75单位的热能被回收 1,5 units

heat out/1.5 单位的热能输出

gives at least 0,75 units extra heat in furnace/ 产生至少0.75单位供焚烧炉使用的热能

Gpossible additional power prod/ 可能的额外的功率输出

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This presentation

AB Torkapparater – thermal processing equipment/ 瑞典Torkapparater 公司 - 热处理设备

Our Sludge experiences/ 我们的污泥处理经验 The Bekkelaget case/Bekkelaget 污水处理厂案例

– Background/ 案例背景– Experiences/ 经验– Economics/ 经济效益

Our technology/ 我们的技术 Conclusions/ 结论

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Conclusions 结论 Indirect Drying 间接干化 Safe and reliable sludge drying with high heat recovery

capabilities 具备高效热能回收并安全可靠的污泥干化技术 Full scale plant available for product verification 全规模的工厂提供产品认证 Digestion is advisable 与污泥消化相配套 Digester – internal energy (biogas) production 消化装置为干化系统提供干化所需的（沼气）能源 Internally recovered heat production for the digestion 干化系统内部回收的热能为消化池提供消化所需的热能 Effective hygienization of the sludge prior to mechanical

dewatering 在机械脱水前的高效卫生处理