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5/28/2018 Efisiensi Solar Cells
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Kajian Efisiensi Sel Surya
Fitri Rohmaisa
113224027
FR 2011
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Efisiensi
Efficiency= Fraction of incident light energy converted to electricalenergy.
Efficiency is the most important characteristic because it allows thedevice to be assessed economically in comparison to other energydevices.
For a given solar spectrum, the efficiency depends on: Semiconductor material
Device structure
Ambient conditions (temperature)
High radiation damage Sun spectrum
Efficiency alone is not enough, the cost of the cell is also importantand the life time.
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I-V characteristics & Efficiency
Typical I-V characteristic of solar cells
in dark (diode)
under illumination
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As the intensity
increases, the short-
circuit currentISC
increases linearly,but the open circuit
voltage VOCincreases
sublinearly.
I-V characteristics & Efficiency
TheI-V characteristics of a solar cell with varying
illumination as a parameter.
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I-V characteristics & Efficiency
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TheI-Vacharacteristic of a solar cell.
The maximum power is obtained atPm I
mVm
I-V characteristics & Efficiency
(I)(II)
(III) (IV)
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I-V characteristics & Efficiency
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I-V characteristics & Efficiency
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I-V characteristics & Efficiency
TheI-V characteristics of a solar cell with varying illumination
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I-V characteristics & Efficiency
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Calculation,
Consider a solar cell driving a 30resistive load. The cell has area = 1
cm x 1 cm and is illuminated with light of intensity = 600Wm-2 and has I-V
characteristic as shown below.
Q: What are the current and voltage in the circuit?
A: I = 14.2mA , V = 0.425V
Q: Calculate the power delivered to the load (Pout)
A: Area under the I, V rectangular = P
P= 14.2 x 10-3A x 0.425V = 6.035mW
14.2mA
0.425V
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Calculation,
Q: Calculate the input sun-light power
A: Pin= (light intensity x surface area)
Pin = 600Wm-2x (0.01m)2= 0.06W
Q: Calculate the efficiency of the deviceA: = 100x (Pout/Pin)
Pin = 0.06W
Pout= 6.035mW
= 10.06%
Q: State why the efficiency is very small?
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Solar Spectrum
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Conversion Efficiency
The most efficient PV modules usuallyemploy single-crystal Si cells, withefficiencies up to 15%.
Poly-crystalline cellsare less expensive tomanufacture but yield module efficiencies ofabout 11%.
Thin-film cellsare less expensive still, but
give efficiencies to about 8% and suffergreater losses from deterioration.
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Solar Photovoltaic Plants
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How PV Cells Work
Diagram of a photovoltaic cell
Photovoltaic cells, modules, panels andarrays
Major photovoltaic system components.
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Problem
Suppose that a particular family house in a sunnygeographic location consumes a daily average electricalpower of 1500 W supply by an 50 m2are of solar panel.The average solar intensity incident per day is about 6 kWhm-2. What is the efficiency of solar cell?
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Solution
Total sunlight energy per day:
= intensity x area
= 6 kWh m-2 x 50 m2
= 300 kWh
Solar cell output = 1.5 kW x 24 h = 36 kWh
Efficiency = Output/Total energy light
= 36 kWh/300 kWh= 12 %
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Solar Cells
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