darejan TvalTvaZe

efrem mciris

kolofonebi

2009

wignSi ganxilulia XI saukunis cnobili qarTveli mwig­nobris, efrem mciris, originaluri naazrevi _ mis mier na­Targmn Txzulebze darTuli anderZebi da winasityvaobebi. aqve qveyndeba `mTargmnelis mozraxuli~ Cvenamde moRweuli yvela kolofoni.

efrem mciris moRvaweoba gansakuTrebuli etapia qarTuli mTargmnelobiTi saqmianobis istoriaSi. qarTul mwerlobaSi is iseTi mniSvnelovani mimdinareobis saTavesTan dgas, rogoric elinofilizmia, xolo qarTuli humanitaruli azris istoria­Si is pirvel mecnierad, filologad, filosofosad, litera­turisa da Targmanis Teoretikosad aris miCneuli.

naSromi gankuTvnilia filologebisa da qarTuli kul­turis istoriiT dainteresebuli mkiTxvelisTvis.

redaqtori: elguja xinTibiZe saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa erovnuli akademiis

wevr­korespondenti, filologiis mecniere­baTa doqtori, profesori

recenzentebi: mixeil qavTaria filologiis mecnierebaTa doqtori Tamar oTxmezuri filologiis mecnierebaTa doqtori

ydis dizaini da dakabadoneba: giorgi bagrationi

garekanze gamosaxulia banis taZris kapiteli.

© d. TvalTvaZe, 2009

gamomcemloba `nekeri~, 2009

ISBN 978-9941-404-83-2

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efrem mcire, XI saukunis II naxevris qarTveli mwigno­bari, `SesaniSnavi mecnieri, filologi, filosofosi da amave dros mTargmneli~ (kekeliZe, 1980, 250) qarTuli kul­turis istoriaSi mravalmxriv gamorGeuli moRvawea. misi moRvaweoba daemTxva im xanas, roca saqarTveloSi igrZnoba gansakuTrebuli daintereseba bizantiuri kulturuli mem­kvidreobiT da TandaTan fexs ikidebs elinofiluri ideo­logia. efremi, rogorc mTargmneli, romelmac bizantiuri sasuliero mwerlobis asze meti Zegli Targmna, qarTul naTargmn mwerlobaSi iseTi mniSvnelovani mimdinareobis saTavesTan dgas, rogoric elinofilizmia, xolo qarTu­li humanitaruli azris istoriaSi mis saxels ukavSirdeba filosofiuri mwerlobisa da mecnieruli filologiuri moRvaweobis dawyeba, axali mTargmnelobiTi meTodis Se­muSaveba, puntuaqciis axali sistemis SemoReba, qarTul enaze pirveli leqsikonis Sedgena, originaluri istoriuli Sromis avtoroba, qarTuli enisa da qarTuli literaturis istoriis mecnieruli kvlevis dasawyisi. k. kekeliZis sity­vebiT, efrem mcirem `qarTul mwerlobaSi Seqmna mTeli epo­qa, romelmac didebulad daagvirgvina eqvTimesa da giorgi mTawmidelebis samwerlo Rvawli~(iqve).

am `mravali Rvawlis aRmsrulebeli~ (bagrat muxranba­toni, lolaSvili, 1982, 102) `swavlulisa da mwignobris~, `wignTa Targmanisa da saRmrTo filosofosis~ (anton bagra­tioni, 1980, 270) Sesaxeb biografiuli cnobebi Zalze mwiria. utyuarad mxolod is viciT, rom is moRvaweobda XI saukunis II naxevarSi antioqiis maxloblad, Savi mTis savaneSi. qar­Tul wyaroebSi daculi Zunwi cnobebis safuZvelze (Jorda­nia, 1882, 33; cagareli, 1889; bleiki, 1924, 225) k. kekeliZe varaudobda, rom efremi, romlis gvari kariWisZea (Jer.16,279r; bleiki, 1926, 166; mari, 1955, 63; abulaZe, 1950, 031), unda yo­filiyo samcxel didebulTa STamomavali, Svili im vaGe kari­WisZisa, romelic banel episkopos ioanesTan da sxva taoel aznaurebTan erTad 1027 wels gadasaxlebula saberZneTSi (kekeliZe, 1980, 253). efrems, romelic bavSvobidanve moxve­drila bizantiaSi, ganaTleba miuRia konstantinopolSi,

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aRkvecila berad da daaxloebiT XI saukunis 60­iani wlebis damdegs misula Sav mTaze, sadac cxovrobda da moRvaweobda sxvadasxva savaneSi (svimonwmida, kastana da sxv.).

ZiriTadi wyaro efremis moRvaweobis gasaTvaliswine­blad isev misive kolofonebia, saidanac irkveva, rom Sav mTaze Gasul axalgazrda bers `Zalmwed da wiaRmyvane­blad~ (Jer.43,1r) gamosGenian am savaneSi moRvawe saxelovani qarTveli mamani _ saba sulaYsZe Tuxareli da efrem didi oSkeli, romelTac aswavles mas wesi `berZnulisaca wign­Ta kiTxvisaY~, gaacnes Savi mTis skolis literaturuli tradiciebi, mTargmnelobiTi principebi da gza dauloces mTargmnelobiT sarbielze. efremis anderZebis mixedviT misi moZRvari yofila ioane faraknelic, romelmac punq­tuaciis SemoReba urGia mas (A24, 4r; damaskeli, 1976, 69). efrem mcire erTgan Tavs antoni tbelis `umarGeves mowa­fed~ asaxelebs. anderZebSi araerTxelaa naxsenebi beri ioane­kKrikesi, romelic erTgvarad warmarTavda efremis mTargmnelobiT saqmianobas da romlis davalebiT mas ara erTi Txzuleba uTargmnia Tu dauweria. efremis `moRva­weni da ganmaZlierebelni~, `mzrdelni da msaxurni~ yofi­lan mRvdeli gabrieli, arseni, stefane diakvani, gabriel­stefane Wuleveli da sxv. misi anderZebidan irkveva, rom efrems mWidro kavSiri hqonia ucxoel mwignobrebTanac, adanis mitropolit samuelTan, arab hagiograf miqael ber­Tan, antioqiis patriarqTan, romlis nebarTviT is xSirad sargeblobda svimeonwmidis umdidresi wignsacaviT.

efremis anderZebi aaSkaraveben misi cxovrebisa da moR­vaweobis erT mxaresac. rogorc Gans, am niWier da Tavmda­blobiT gamorGeul bers, romelsac swored simdablis ni­Snad Tikunad `mcire~ aurGevia, mravali `mabralobeli da winaaRmdgomi~ gasGenia, romlebic `kadnierebisa da Tavisa umjobesad gamoGinebis~ (Jer.43,2r; bregaZe, 1988, 148) bralde­bas uyenebdnen eqvTime da giorgi aTonelebis Targmanebis Sesworebisa da xelaxla Targmnis gamo. efremi, romelsac did aTonel mamebTan uSualo SemoqmedebiTi urTierToba ar hqonia, magram maT mowafed da saqmis gamgrZeleblad miiGnev­da Tavs, iZulebuli yofila, Tavi emarTlebina ̀ mravalkerZo Semokrebil mabralebelTa winaSe~ (kekeliZe, 1945, 266).

aRsaniSnavia misi biografiis kidev erTi detali: 1091

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wlis maxloblad efremi kastanis monastris winamZRvari Gans, razec migviTiTebs iq gadawerili erTi xelnaweris (Q37) anderZi (QI,44; Jordania, 1892, 215; TayaiSvili, 1914, 82; m. SaniZe, 1971, 72 menabde, 1980, gv. 159).

Savi mTa efrems sikvdilamde ar dautovebia. k. kekeliZis azriT, `efremi unda gardacvliliyo meTerTmete saukunis ukanasknel wlebSi. yovel SemTxvevaSi ruis­urbnisis kre­bis (1103 w.) aqtebi mas micvalebulTa ricxvSi ixseneben~, _ aRniSnavs mkvlevari (kekeliZe, 1980, 253). ruis­urbnisis saeklesio krebis Gatarebis TariRad, romlis ̀ Zeglisweris~ bolos darTul sinodikonSi sxva gardacvlil mamaTa So­ris moxsenebulia efrem mcirec1, ukanasknel xans mkvlevre­bi 1104 (metreveli, 1990) an 1105 wels (gabiZaSvili, 1978) asaxeleben. Sesabamisad, efremis gardacvalebac 1104 an 1105 wlis uwinares unda vivaraudoT.

miuxedavad imisa, rom efrem mcire qarTuli litera­turis istoriaSi kargad cnobili moRvawea (amas mowmobs Tundac zemoT dasaxelebuli saeklesio krebis Zeglisweris sinodikonSi misi moxsenieba eqvTime da giorgi mTawmindel­ebTan erTad), mis Sesaxeb Semdegi drois mwignobarTa naw­erebSi mwiri da zog SemTxvevaSi araswori cnobebi gvaqvs. efrems asaxeleben sxva qarTvel mTargmnelTa Soris bagrat muxran­batoni (lolaSvili, 1982, 102­103), romlis metad arazusti cnobebi gausworebia misi Txzulebis anonim in­terpolators (iqve, 103­104; Q300, 418­420; H 2235, 386), za­qaria gabaSvili (lolaSvili, 1982, 16­17), anton kaTaliko­si, romlis `wyobilsityvaobaSi~ mocemul cnobebs (anton bagrationi, 1980, 339­340) TiTqmis ucvlelad imeorebs `kalmasobis~ avtori ioane batoniSvili (ioane batoniS­vili, 1948, 162). efrem mciris cxovrebisa da moRvaweobis calkeul sakiTxebs exebian iakob Semoqmedeli (lolaSvili, 1982, 106) da daviT dadiani, romelsac nemesios emeselis `bunebisaTKs kacisa~ da ioane sinelis `klemaqsis~ petri­wiseuli Targmanis xelnaweris aSiebze (S344,S399) miuweria Tavisi azri efremis Taobaze (lolaSvili, 1982, 155­156).

efrem mciris moRvaweobas exebodnen Zveli qarTuli

1 `dausrulebelisa netarebisa mkKdrTa berTa GuenTa saba sulaYs Zisa da anton tbelisa da efrem mcirisaY saukunomca ars PsenebaY~. gv. 196.

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literaturis istoriis pirveli mkvlevrebi: Teimuraz ba­grationi (Teimuraz batoniSvili, 1948), s. dodaSvili (do­daSvili, 1832), p. ioseliani (anton bagrationi, 1853; iose­liani, 1850), m. brose (brose, 1838); z. WiWinaZe (WiWinaZe, 1887), al. xaxanaSvili (xaxanaSvili, 1889), romelTa cnobebi da ZiriTadad aRorZinebis xanis mwignobarTa naazrevs da zepir gadmocemebs emyareba da zogjer arasworia. efrem mciris, iseve rogorc saerTod Zveli qarTuli litera­turis sxva warmomadgenlebis, Semoqmedebis mecnieruli Seswavla mxolod mas Semdeg daiwyo, rac XIX saukunis II naxevridan e. TayaiSvilis, a. cagarlis, T. Jordanias, m. ja­naSvilis, n. maris, iv. javaxiSvilis, r, bleikis, J. garitis da sxvaTa mier aRiwera saqarTveloSi da mis sazRvrebs ga­reT daculi qarTuli xelnawerebi da SesaZlebeli gaxda qarTvel mweralTa da mTargmnelTa mier gaweuli muSaobis met­naklebi sisruliT warmodgena.

pirveli srulyofili daxasiaTeba efrem mciris mTargm­nelobiTi moRvaweobisa korneli kekeliZes ekuTvnis, romel­mac Tavis fundamentur naSromSi `Zveli qarTuli lit­eraturis istoria~ (I gamocema1923 w.) vrclad gaaanaliza efremis mTargmnelobiTi meTodis Taviseburebani, mogvca misi Targmanebis zogadi mimoxilvac. efrem mciris mTargm­nelobiT principebs exeboda k. kekeliZe naSromSic ̀ mTargm­nelobiTi meTodi Zvel qarTul literaturaSi da misi xasi­aTi~ (kekeliZe, et. I, 183­198). efremis moRvaweobis araerTi aspeqtia Seswavlili mis calkeul SromebSi (kekeliZe, et. II, 99­108; 237­269; et. IV, 110­134; et. V, 212­227; et. VI, 18­41; et. XI, 178­240).

efrem mciris mravalmxrivi moRvaweoba araerTi mec­nieris kvlevis sagani yofila. efrems swavloben rogorc mTargmnelsa da Targmanis sakuTari Teoriis Semqmnels k. kekeliZe (kekeliZe, 1923; 1956; 1980), T. begiaSvili (begiaSvi­li, 1927), r. bleiki (bleiki, 1926), i. abulaZe (abulaZe, 1950), e. metreveli (metreveli, 1959), e. xinTibiZe (xinTibiZe, 1968; 1969; 1982), k. danelia (danelia, 1974), e. nikolaZe (nikolaZe, 1959), l. daTiaSvili (daTiaSvili, 1984), q. bezaraSvili (be­zaraSvili, 1999; 2003; 2004), T. oTxmezuri (oTxmezuri 1995; 1995a; 2001; 2004), m. rafava (rafava, 1995). efrems rogorc gramatikossa da leqsikografs exebodnen i. abulaZe, (ab­

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ulaZe, 1950), s. yauxGiSvili (yauxGiSvili, 1945), m. SaniZe (SaniZe, 1968, 1987), al. focxiSvili (focxiSvili, 1979) z. sarjvelaZe (sarjvelaZe, 1984), al. Rlonti, (Rlonti, 1988), k. danelia (danelia, 1982), T. uTurgaiZe (uTurgaiZe, 1991) n. doborjginiZe (doborjginiZe, 1995; 1995a; 1998; 2000; 2001; l. qarosaniZe (qarosaniZe, 1998); efremi rogorc istorikosi da saqarTvelos da bizantiis istoriis calkeuli sakiTxe­bis Sesaxeb utyuari cnobebis momwodebeli mwerali daxa­siaTebulia iv. javaxiSvilis (javaxiSvili, 1977), m. kaxaZis (kaxaZe, 1954), s. gamsaxurdias (gamsaxurdia, 1966), v. goil­aZis (goilaZe, 1991) da sxvaTa naSromebSi. efrem mciris mier Targmnili filosofiuri Txzulebebi da efremi rogorc filosofosi aris n. maris (mari, 1909) S. nucubiZis (nucu­biZe, 1956; 1976; ioane petriwi, 1937), s. gorgaZis (gorgaZe, 1923; 1926), S. xidaSelis (xidaSeli, 1952), d. meliqiSvilis (d. meliqiSvili, 1975; 1983; 1987; 1999), T. kukavas (kukava, 1988); m. rafavas (ioane damaskeli, 1976), m. nemsaZis (nem­saZe, 1981) interesis sagani; efrem mciris filologiuri da mecnieruli moRvaweoba, efremi rogorc teqstologi Seswavlilia k. kekeliZis (kekeliZe, 1980), s. yauxGiSvilis (yauxGiSvili, 1946), i. abulaZis (abulaZe, 1950), e. xinTibiZis (xinTibiZe, 1963; 1969; 1982), m. SaniZis (SaniZe, 1975), i. lo­laSvilis (lolaSvili, 1967; 1978)SromebSi; efremis lit­eraturul Sexedulebebs, efrem mcires, rogorc litera­turis Teoretikossa da istorikoss swavloben k. kekeliZe (kekeliZe, 1980; 1957), l. menabde (menabde, 1980), r. siraZe (siraZe, 1975; 1978), g. alibegaSvili (alibegaSvili, 1988, 1992), q. bezaraSvili (bezaraSvili 2004).

efremis mTargmnelobiTi meTodis Taviseburebebze msjelobs TiTqmis yvela mkvlevari, vinc mis mier Targ­mnili Txzulebis Seswavlas Tu gamosacemad momzadebas hkidebs xels. kerZod: s. enuqaSvili(petre iberieli, 1961), r. miminoSvili (miminoSvili, 1966), m. rafava(damaskeli, 1976; rafava, 1989; 1990, 1990, a) T. bregaZe (efrem mcire, uwyebaY, 1959; bregaZe, 1971), n. goguaZe (metafrasuli kre­bulebi, 1986), T. oTxmezuri (oTxmezuri, 1989; 1989, a; 1992, a; 1995; 1995, a; 2004), n. kandelaki(n. kandelaki, 1962), q. be­zaraSvili (q. bezaraSvili1989, a; 1989, b; 1995; 2003; 2004), n. meliqiSvili(n. meliqiSvili, 1987; 1991; 1991, a; 1999; 2001,),

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l. xaGiZe (l. xaGiZe, 1991; 1994; 2009). efremis mier SemuSave­bul mTargmnelobiT principebs gverds ver auxvevs Targ­manis istoriisa da Teoriis mkvlevaric (gaGeGilaZe, 1958; gafrindaSvili, oZeli, 1987; gafrindaSvili, 1992).

zemoT GamoTvlil mkvlevarTa umravlesoba efremis mTargmnelobiT meTodze saubrisas wina mTargmnelebTan Se­darebiT Targmnisas meti sizustis dacvasTan erTad xazgas­miT aRniSnavs efremis TargmanebisTvis damaxasiaTebel erT Taviseburebas. esaa naTargmni TxzulebebisaTvis mTargmne­lis mravalricxovani SeniSvnebis darTva. SeniSvnebi Gveule­briv xelnaweris aSiebzea gakeTebuli. rogorc k. kekeliZe aRniSnavs, `efremi, rodesac rames Targmnida, dednis si­tyvebs `martivad, Seuzaveblad da Seuxeblad~ gadmoscemda xolme, magram azris naTelsayofad is aSiebze urTavda gan­martebasa da sqolioebs, romlebiTac moqargulia xolme ZiriTadi teqsti naTargmni Txzulebebisa~ (kekeliZe, 1980, 254). garda amisa, mTargmnelis sityva, anu `mozraxuli~, rogorc efremi uwodebs maT, Targmans erTvis TavSic da boloSic, winasityvaobisa da anderZis saxiT, sadac Targ­manTan dakavSirebuli mravali sakiTxia ganxiluli. mTarg­mnelis amgvari komentarebi efrem mcires warmogvidgenen bizantiuri literaturis ZeglTa ara ubralod mTarg­mnelad, aramed mTargmnel­komentatorad. efrem mciris mTargmnelobiTi moRvaweobis swored es aspeqti, efremi rogorc bizantiuri mwerlobis Zeglebis mTargmnel­komen­tatori avirGieT Gven Seswavlis obieqtad, radgan es mxare misi Semoqmedebisa naklebadaa Seswavlili da amasTanave, gvaZlevs metad uxv masalas efremis rogorc mravalmxrivi moRvawis, friad erudirebuli mTargmnelis, mecnieris, te­qstologis, enaTmecnieris, leqsikografis, literaturis istorikosisa da kritikosis Sesaswavlad. efremis komen­tarTa mniSvneloba `ganuzomelia Zveli qarTuli mwerlo­bis istoriisaTvis... mniSvnelovanwilad isini warmoadgenen originaluri Semoqmedebis nayofs da gviTaliswinebs Zveli qarTuli filosofiuri da mecnieruli azrovnebis dones~ (miminoSvili, 1966, gv. 116).

efrem mciris komentatoruli saqmianoba mis mTargm­nelobiT moRvaweobasTanaa dakavSirebuli. efremi komen­tars urTavda mxolod sakuTar Targmanebs. gamomdinare

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misi interesTa sferos mravalferovnebidan efremis komen­tarebic mraval gansxvavebul sakiTxs exeba. aq SevxvdebiT mTargmnelis SeniSvnebs qarTuli da bizantiuri litera­turis calkeul problemebze, konkretuli Zeglebis Targm­nasTan dakavSirebul sakiTxeze, Teologiuri, filosofiu­ri, istoriuli, miTologiuri, leqsikuri Tu gramatikuli xasiaTis ganmartebebs gakeTebuls sagangebod qarTveli mkiTxvelisaTvis.

naTargmni TxzulebisaTvis amgvar komentarTa darTva, rac efremis dros bizantiur mwerlobaSi gavrcelebuli da miRebuli praqtika iyo (gardthauzeni, 1911­1913; gronin­geni, 1955; beki, 1959; saidaki, 1914; kaJdani, 1973,), berZnul tradiciebze aRzrdilma da Savi mTis qristianul savaneSi moRvawe efrem mcirem bizantieli mwignobrebisagan iswavla da gadmoiRo. `berZennica egreT hyofeno~, _ araerTxel aR­niSnavs Tavis anderZebSi.

komentatoruli saqmianoba, rac jer kidev antikur da elinistur periodSi iyo gavrcelebuli saberZneTSi (mxed­velobaSi gvaqvs homerosis poemebis mravali komentatori, elinistur xanaSi aleqsandrieli moRvaweebisa da sxvaTa saqmianoba (dindosfiusi, 1875; sviti, 1914), gansakuTrebiT gaZlierda bizantiur periodSi (krumbaxeri, 1897, 210, 216; kekeliZe, et. XI, 178­181). IV­V saukuneebis berZeni komenta­torebi ganmartebebs urTavdnen, uwinares yovlisa, bibli­as, Zveli da axali aRTqmis calkeul wignebs (patGi, 25­42), ganmartavdnen maT alegoriulad (aleqsandriuli skola) da realistur­istoriulad (antioqiis skola) (kekeliZe, et. XI, 180). magram mogvianebiT, VI saukunidan, garda wminda egzege­tikuri, anu saRmrTo werilis Tu eklesiis mamaTa sibrZnis alegoriuli Tu realisturi ganmartebisa, bizantieli komentatorebi TavianT SeniSvnebSi mraval iseT sakiTx­sac exebodnen, rac filosofiis, istoriis, literaturis, gramatikisa da sxva mecnieruli disciplinebis sferos ganekuTvneba. maTma naazrevma mniSvnelovani wvlili Seitana am disciplinebis Semdgom ganviTarebasa da winsvlaSi.

bibliur wignTa komentirebis garda, iwereboda ganmarte­bebi eklesiis mamaTa calkeul Txzulebebze, rac saegzege­tiko mwerlobis axali etapis dasawyisia. amgvar komentarTa specifikas, maT Sinaarss gansazRvravda xSir SemTxvevaSi

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epoqa da garemo, romelSic iqmneboda komentari. magali­Tad, adrebizantiuri sasuliero mwerlobis erT­erTi mniS­vnelovani warmomadgenlis, grigol nazianzelis (329­390w. w) moZRvreba qristianobis ZiriTadi dogmebis Sesaxeb, romel­ic man Tavis homiliebSi Gamoayaliba, mTeli Suasaukuneebis ganmavlobaSi izidavda cnobil bizantiel swavlulebs da xSirad xdeboda maTi gansjisa da ganmartebis sagani. grig­olis Txzulebebis komentatorebi iyvnen qristianuli mw­erlobis iseTi cnobili warmomadgenlebi, rogorebic arian: doroTe Razeli, maqsime aRmsarebeli, ioane geometri, none, miqel fselosi, nikita heraklieli, elia kriteli, basili minimusi da sxv. (saidaki, 1914; 1929/30; oTxmezuri, 1989, a, 3­4; bezaraSvili, 2004), romlebic grigolis Txzulebebs sx­vadasxva kuTxiT (ritorikuli, miTologiuri, dogmatikuri, Teologiuri da sxv.) ganmartavdnen.

`yoveli mwerlis Semoqmedeba ase Tu ise GarTulia Tavisi drois literaturis ganviTarebis konteqstSi da mravalmxriv kavSirSi imyofeba epoqis cocxal literatu­rul procesTan. amasTan erTad, igi sazrdoobs tradiciiT da eyrdnoba warsulis mxatvrul miRwevebs~ (vinogradovi, 1960, 11). am sayovelTao kanonzomierebas eqvemdebareba efrem mciris Semoqmedebac. XI­XII saukune qarTul­bizanti­uri literaturuli urTieroTbebis ganmtkicebiT aRiniSna. rogorc k. kekeliZe SeniSnavs, "bizantizmi am drois qris­tianul qveynebSi yvelgan Tavisebur `modad~ iyo gadaqceu­li da kulturosnobis maGveneblad (kekeliZe, 1980, 62), bi­zantiaSi ki am dros sxva filologiur disciplinebTan er­Tad farTod iyo gavrcelebuli teqstualuri komentaria da qarTuli mwignobrebic, romlebic "samRrTo SuriT dae­wafnen" (k. kekeliZe) berZnulenovan qristianul mwerlobas, saeklesio mwerlobis mravali Zeglis qarTulad Targmnas­Tan erTad maTze darTul komentarebsac Targmnidnen. ase iTargmna `elinTa zRaprobanis~ saxeliT cnobili grigol RvTismetyvelis TxzulebebisaTvis nones mier Sedgenili miTologiuri ganmartebani (fsevdonone, 1989), iTargmna na­zianzelis sxva komentatorTa naazrevi (Jer.13), qarTulad gadmoiRes sxvadasxva Sinaarsis araerTi ganmarteba, romel­ic axlda basili didis, grigol noselis, dionise areop­agelis, ioane damaskelis da sxvaTa Txzulebebs. da, rac

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mTavaria, qarTvelma mTargmnelebma berZenTa mibaZviT Tvi­Tonac daiwyes amgvari SeniSvna­komentarebis darTva Tavi­anTi TargmanebisaTvis.

xelnawerTa aSiebze SeniSvnebis gaGena bizantiaSic da saqarTveloSic, iseve rogorc albaT yvelgan, erTi mizeziT iyo ganpirobebuli da erTi mizani hqonda _ teqstis sworad gageba. oRond berZen komentatorTagan odnav gansxvavebu­li funqcia ekisraT mTargmnel­komentatorebs da maT So­ris qarTvelebsac, romlebsac teqstis zustad Targmanis survili bevri `sityvis Zalis ukeT gancxadebis~ (efremi) saSualebas teqstSive ar aZlevda. amitom iZulebuli xde­boda aseTi `sityKs Zalis ukeT ganmacxadebeli~ SeniSvnebi aSiaze, anu `kideTa zeda adgil­adgil~ daewera. naTargmni teqstisTvis amgvari SeniSvnebis damrTveli mTargmnelic komentatoria, ufro sworad mTargmnel­komentatori, rom­lis naazrevi erTnairad sainteresoa orive enaze (rogorc qarTuli, iseve berZnuli) Seqmnili literaturis mkvlevar­TaTvis.

marTalia, qarTvel mTargmnel­komentatorTa SeniS­vnebSi imTaviTve calkeuli leqsikuri erTeulebis gan­martebebi Warbobdnen (sarjvelaZe, 1984, 201­232), magram gvxvdeba sxva Sinaarsis komentarebic. leqsikur ganmarte­baTa simravle ki imiT aixsneba, rom mTargmnelis umTavresi problema `qarTuli Semsgavsebuli sityvis~ (efremi) pov­naa, rac zogjer did sirTulebTanaa dakavSirebuli da ami­tomac xSirad mis mier `mopovebuli sityviT~ ukmayofilo mTargmneli aSiaze SeniSnavs: `sxuaY ukeTesi vera vpove da SemindeviTo~ (efremi), amasTanave, am sityvis mniSvnelobis ganmartebasac iZleva.

mTargmnelis amgvari SeniSvnebi adreul ZeglebSic gvxvdeba, magram gansakuTrebiT bevria isini efrem mciris, arsen iyalToelis, ioane petriwis da elinofiluri sko­lis sxva mwignobarTa nawerebSi. efrem mciresTan amas misi mTargmnelobiTi meTodi ganapirobebda: erTi mxriv, sizus­tis dacva _ `dedasa araraY GavrTo~ da meore mxriv is, rom `Targmans sityKsa Zali da moqcevi dednisaYve aqundes~, rac am meTodiT momuSave mTargmnels erTaderT gzas utovebda _ naTargmni TxzulebebisaTvis SeniSvnebi aSiebze daerTo. amitomac gamoikveTa efrem mciris mTargmnelobiTi saqmi­

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anobis erT­erT Taviseburebad TargmanisaTvis sqolio­ko­mentarebis darTva.

magram efremis komentatoruli saqmianoba xelnaweris kideebze SeniSvnebis moTavsebiT ar amoiwureba. efremi qar­Tuli mwerlobis da xSirad ara marto qarTuli, aramed bi­zantiuri mwerlobis komentatorad gvevlineba Txzulebas darTul vrcel anderZebsa da winabWeebSi, sadac Zeglis TargmnasTan dakavSirebul konkretul sakiTxebTan erTad mraval iseT sakiTxsac exeba, rac am anderZebs erTgvar literaturaTmcodneobiTi xasiaTis gamokvlevebad aqcevs.

efremis anderZebi, Sesavali werilebi, xelnaweris aSie­bze moTavsebuli marginaluri SeniSvnebi da `Seiswaveebi~ anu mTargmnelis mier teqstze darTuli yvelanairi komen­tari, Gven efrem mciris anderZebSi dadasturebuli ter­miniT `mTargmnelis mozraxuliT~ aRvniSneT da swored isini gavixadeT Seswavlis obieqtad. `mTargmnelis mozrax-uli~ mTargmnelis originaluri naSromia, misi Sexedule­bebis, ganaTlebis, interesTa sferos da erudiciis gamov­lenis saukeTeso saSualebaa. efrem mciris kolofonebi _ `Tavisa da boloYsa anderZebi~, `kideTa zeda warwerili Targmanebi~ da `Seiswaveebi~ saukeTeso masalas gvaZleven efremis rogorc filologis, enaTmecnieris, literaturis istorikosis, filosofosisa da, raRa Tqma unda, mTargm­nelis dasaxasiaTeblad. Targmanebs darTul komentarebSi gamovlinda igi rogorc SesaniSnavi mcodne bizantiuri da qarTuli literaturisa, mecnieri mkvlevari berZnuli da qarTuli enisa, dakvirvebuli teqstologi da Rrmad er­udirebuli komentatori. komentatoruli saqmianoba mx­olod mravalmxriv ganaTlebul adamians xelewifeba. saek­lesio mwerlobis komentatori kargad unda erkveodes ara marto RvTismetyvelebis sakiTxebSi, aramed leqsikologi­is, gramatikis, literaturis, istoriis, miTologiis kargi mcodnec unda iyos. efrem mcire, rogorc komentatori, Tavis `mozraxulSi~ swored amgvar mravalmxriv ganswavlu­lobas amJRavnebs. zogierTi misi anderZi Tu winasityvaoba literaturaTmcodneobiTi xasiaTis mecnieruli naSromia, zogi `Seiswave~­ Gamoyalibebuli gramatikuli traqtati; zogjer calkeuli sityvis mniSvnelobis ganmmartavi sqo­lio am sityvis istoriis Sesaxeb dawerili enaTmecnieruli

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narkvevia da a. S. da, rac mTavaria, mTargmnelis aseTi SeniS­vnebi gvaqvs ara TiToorola, aramed Zalian bevri da erTvis efremis mier Targmnil TiTqmis yvela mniSvnelovan Zegls, rac, bunebrivia, ganapirobebs Sesaswavli masalis moculo­biT sididesac.

Gveni kvlevis mizani iyo efrem mciris naTargmni Tx­zulebebis Semcveli xelnawerebidan amogvekriba mTarg­mnelis yvelanairi komentari: anderZebi, winasityvaobebi da aSiebze gakeTebuli SeniSvnebi. mTargmnelis komentaris garkveul saxeobad migvaGnia teqstSi GarTuli ganmartebe­bic ama Tu im sityvis mniSvnelobisa, rac agreTve Gveni Ses­wavlis sferoSi Semodis.

rogorc aRvniSneT, mTargmnelis `mozraxuli~ efremis mier Targmnil TiTqmis yvela mniSvnelovan Txzulebas ax­lavs, romlebic Gvenamde 160­mde xelnaweriTaa moRweuli. amitom efremis kolofonebis (anderZebisa da winasity­vaobebis) da komentarebis (`Seiswaveebis~, xelnaweris `ki­deTa da pativTa zeda~ moTavsebuli mTargmnelis yovelg­vari SeniSvnis) Sesakrebad saWiro iyo efremis Targmanebis Semcveli yvela xelnaweris Seswavla, rom srulad gvqonoda xelT efremis `mozraxuli~. am mizniT SeviswavleT Tbilis­Si, xelnawerTa erovnul centrSi (k. kekeliZis saxelobis xelnawerTa instituti), daculi 80­mde xelnaweri, romelTa didi nawili XI­XIII saukuneebis dazianebuli nusxebia. amasTan, yvelaze metad dazianebulia xelnaweris kideebze moTavse­buli mTargmnelis sqolioebi da ̀ Tavsa da bolosa wignisasa~ darTuli kolofonebi, radgan wignis xSiri xmarebisas misi swored es nawilebi icviTeboda da ziandeboda. amasTanave, Gveulebriv, aSiaze moTavsebuli SeniSvnebi ufro wvrili xeliTaa naweri da xSirad Zalian cudad gairGeva, gan­sakuTrebiT maSin, roca xelT xelnaweris mxolod fotoebi gvaqvs da ara dedani. miuxedavad amisa, efremis Targmnili yvela mniSvnelovani Txzulebis nusxidan gadmoviwereT misi an misad misaGnevi sqolio Targmanis im teqstTan erTad, romlis gansamartavadac iyo is dawerili. im SemTxvevaSi, roca xelnawerze xeli ar migviwvdeboda, davkmayofildiT aRwerilobebSi mocemuli cnobebiT da samecniero liter­aturaSi citirebuli mTargmnelis SeniSvnebis gadmoweriT. sabolood, efremis anderZebisa da winasityvaobebis ricxvma

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30­s miaRwia, xolo sqolio­komentarebis raodenobam 200­s gadaaWarba, romelTa Seswavlis dros Gven winaSe dadga zo­gierTi Teoriuli sakiTxis gadaWris aucilebloba. kerZod, dazusteba moiTxova zogierTma paleografiulma da komen­tatorul saqmianobasTan dakavSirebulma terminma; saWiro gaxda naTargmni Txzulebis komentirebis efremiseuli principebis Seswavla da mravalricxovani sqolio­komen­tarebis garkveuli niSniT klasificireba, radgan efremis SeniSvnebi erTmaneTisagan gansxvavdebian rogorc daniS­nulebiT, aseve konstruqciulad da SinaarsiTac. amitom wignis pirveli Tavi mivuZRveniT efremis mTargmnelobiTi da komentatoruli saqmianobis zogad mimoxilvas, mTargm­nelis SeniSvnaTa klasifikaciis principebze msjelobas da zogierT sxva sakiTxs. wignis meore Tavi efremis `Tavisa da boloYsa anderZebis~ analizs eTmoba, mesame TavSi ganx­ilulia efremis mozraxulSi daculi cnobebi bizantiuri filologiis zogierT sakiTxze, efrem mciris anderZebi da `Seiswaveebi~ Seswavlilia rogorc wyaro bizantiuri da

qarTuli literaturis istoriis Sesaswavlad.2

2 kolofonTa da sqolioTa Seswavlis dros cxadi gaxda, rom efremis mravalmxrivi komentatoruli saqmianobis srulyofi­lad warmodgena am naSromSi ver moxerxdeboda. amitomac wignSi amjerad efremis efrem mciris `mozraxulis~ mxolod nawilis analizs warmovadgenT, kerZod, ganvixilavT mTargmnelis yvela kolofons, anu `mTargmnelis mozraxul~ anderZebsa da winasity­vaobebs, rogorc yvelaze vrcel da mravali saintereso sakiTxis Semcvel teqstebs da efremis im `Seiswaveebs~, romlebic qarTuli da bizantiuri literaturis ama Tu im sakiTxs Seexeba. efremis gramatikuli da leqsikologiuri xasiaTis SeniSvnebis analizi warmodgenili iqneba calke naSromi. am sakiTxebze ukve gamo­qveynebuli gvaqvs ramdenime Sroma: kerZod, efrem mciris erTi gramatikuli xasiaTis sqolio, Tsu ax. mecn. Sr. krebuli XVI, 1988, 2216­221; efrem mciris leqsikografiuli xasiaTis sqolioebisa da sulxan­saba orbelianis leqsikonis mimarTebisaTvis: `macne~, 1989, N3, gv. 68­77; efrem mciris gramatikuli xasiaTis sqolio­ni, moxseneba wakiTxuli a. SaniZis dabadebis 107­e wlisTavisadmi miZRvnil samecniero sesiaze 1994 w. 15 marti; punqtuaciasTan dakavSirebuli terminologia efrem mciris anderZebsa da sqo­lioebSi: b. jorbenaZis sazogadoebis II samecniero konferencia, muSaobis gegma da moxsenebaTa Tezisebi Tb., 1995, gv. 14­15; efrem mciris leqsikografiuli xasiaTis sqolioni: Tsu filologi­is fakultetis samecniero sesia, muSaobis gegma da moxsenebaTa

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`efrem mcire SesaniSnavi, sworupovari qarTveli mec­nieri filologi, filosofosi da istorikosi iyo da Gveni zneobrivi movaleobaa misi naRvawi da yvela naSromi ise gamovceT da SeviswavloT, rogorc mis diad suls, maRal gonebas da Rrma samecniero codnas da niWs Seefereba~, _ werda ivane javaxiSvili (javaxiSvili, 1977, 175). aq efremis `naRvawsa da naSromSi~ mis TargmanebTan da originalur TxzulebebTan erTad uTuod igulisxmeba mTargmnelis mozraxuli SeniSvnebi da anderZebic, romelTa did mniS­vnelobaze TviTon ivane javaxiSvilive miuTiTebda Gveni wigni mokrZalebuli cdaa efrem mciris Targmanebs darTu­li `mTargmnelis mozraxuli~ kolofonebis Seswavlisa.

Tezisebi, Tb., 1995, gv. 50­51; berZnulidan Semosuli ramdenime sityvis mniSvnelobisaTvis efrem mciris `Seiswaveebis~ mixedviT, Tsu filologiis fakultetis samecniero sesia, muSaobis gegma moxsenebaTa masalebi, Tb., 1998, gv. 48­49; `Pmis saqceveli~ niSnebi efrem mciris TargmanebSi, Tsu filologiis fakultetis samecni­ero sesia, miZRvnili grigol kiknaZis dabadebis 90­e wlisTavisad­mi, muSaobis gegma da moxsenebaTa masalebi, Tb., 1999, gv. 56_58; efrem mcire da qarTuli saliteraturo enis zogierTi sakiTxi: qarTuli saliteraturo enis sakiTxebi: istoria da Tanamedrov mdgomareoba, Tb., 2007, gv. 119­124; efrem mciris Targmanebi _ sulxan­saba orbelianis leqsikonis erT­erTi wyaro, akad. sergi jiqias dabadebidan 110 wlisTavisadmi miZRvnili samecniero kon­ferenciis masalebi, Tb., 2008.

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Tavi Iefrem mciris mTargnelobiTi da

komentatoruli moRvaweoba

efrem mciris mTargmnelobiTi saqmianobis zogadi daxasiaTe-ba. qarTulma mTargmnelobiTma saqmianobam Tavisi istoria dReisaTvis cnobili masalebis mixedviT, rogorc Gans, V saukunidan daiwyo, rodesac pirvelad iTargmna bibliuri wignebi, Zveli da axali aRTqmis sakiTxavebi, rasac SemdgomSi mohyva qristianuli saeklesio mwerlobis sxvadasxva Janris mravali nimuSis gadmoReba. gansakuTrebuli etapi qarTuli literaturis istoriaSi iwyeba aTonis literaturuli sko­lis Gamoyalibebis Semdeg, roca qarTvel mTargmnelTa wi­naSe dgeba sakiTxi bizantiuri mwerlobis swrafi da sruly­ofili aTvisebisa. berZnebTan politikuri da kulturuli metoqeobis ideam mTargmnelTa mTavar sazrunavad aqcia im xarvezis umokles droSi amovseba, romelic qarTul mwerlo­bas bizantiurTan SedarebiT hqonda. qarTvelma moRvaweebma eqvTime aTonelis meTaurobiT miznad daisaxes eTargmnaT bizantiuri literaturis saukeTeso nimuSebi da didi mon­domebiT Seudgnen am saqmianobas. `mtkice sazrdelisaTvis~ moumzadebel qarTvel mkiTxvels eqvTime `sZiTa zrdida da mxaliTa~ (Jer. 43, 2r; mari, 1955, 73; bregaZe, 1988, 148), amitomac berZnulidan Targmnis dros, rogorc k. kekeliZe SeniSnavs, `imas mudam mxedvelobaSi hqonda misi Tanamemamu­leebis sulieri moTxovnilebani, momzadebisa da ganviTare­bis done, maTi `fsiqiuri~ specifikuri Taviseburebani da Tavis Targmanebs ufardebda am moTxovnilebebs, dones da Tvisebebs. Gven ver vipoviT mis TargmanTa Soris verc erTs iseTs, romelSic dedani gadmoRebuli iyos ise, rogorc is misi avtoris xelidan gamosula. is an miumatebda dedans, an moaklebda mas, an Sescvlida Taviseburad Txzulebis ama Tu im adgils da iZleoda saTargmni Txzulebis savsebiT axal redaqcias~ (kekeliZe, 1956, 174). misive dakvirvebiT, ̀ Teoria `Semateba­Semoklebisa~ marto eqvTime aTonelis TargmanSi rodi iGens Tavs, is ama Tu im sazomiT sxvebis muSaobasac warmarTavda~ (iqve, gv. 172).

cnobilia, rom mTargmnelobis eqvTime aToneliseul

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stils, romelsac xSirad `Tavisufali Targmanis~ an `kle­ba­matebis meTodis~ saxeliT aRniSnaven, mkveTrad gaemij­na giorgi aToneli, romelic `principulad axlos mivida berZnul dedanTan, magram Targmanis qarTul enaze bune­brivad ametyvelebisaTvis zogjer arc giorgi mTawmideli gaurboda Semateba­gamoklebis xerxs~ (xinTibiZe, 1982, 169). giorgisTvisac rom ucxo ar iyo kleba da mateba, amis Ses­axeb is TviTon aRniSnavs mis mier xelaxla Targmnili ̀ fsal­munTa wignis~ anderZSi: `Guen, romeli jer iyo, GagvirTavs da, romeli jer iyo dagviklia, viTa Guensa enasa mouvidoda da wesi saqmisaY eZiebdao~(fsalmuni, 1960, 027).

aseT tradiciebze aRzrdili efrem mcire, romelic acxadebs, rom `ara saRramatikosoTa, arca safilosofoso­Ta, aramed Semdgomni Targmanni pirvel damaSuralTa Targ­manTa wignebisagan ganviswavlebiTo~ (Jer.43, 1r; mari, 1955, 72; bregaZe, 1988, 148), bunebrivia, did pativs miagebs Tavis winamorbed mTargmnelebs da gansakuTrebiT ki eqvTime da giorgi mTawmidelebs, romelTac Tavis maswavleblebad mi­iGnevs da didi mokrZalebiTa da mowiwebiT ixseniebs Tavis winasityvaobebsa Tu anderZebSi. efremi maTi mTargmnelo­biTi meTodis erT­erTi pirveli mkvlevari da Semfasebe­lia. qarTul filologiaSi sayovelTaod gaziarebuli azri eqvTimesTvis damaxasiaTebeli Semateba­daklebis meTodis Sesaxeb swored efremis anderZebSi mocemuli daxasiaTebi­dan momdinareobs. misi TqmiT, eqvTimes `madliTa sulisa wmidisaYTa Pel­ewifeboda SematebaYca da daklebaYca~(A24, 2v; damaskeli, 1976, 69), `maSin Gueni naTesavi liton iyo da GGKl~ (Jer.43, 2r), amitomac eqvTime `sZiTa zrdida da mx­aliTa~, magram `aw mis mier aRzrdili eri misiTave madliTa mtkicisa sazrdelisa moqene iqmna~ (Jer.43,2r), _ Tvlis efremi da amitomac miiGnevs, rom saWiroa qarTvelma mkiTxvelma ara Semoklebulad, `sityuaTa ganzavebiT~ Sesrulebuli Targmanebi ikiTxos, aramed yovelgvari gaiolebis gareSe gaecnos berZnul enaze arsebul umdidres qristianul literaturas da irGevs dedanTan zedmiwevniTi sizustis meTods. efremis azriT, Txzulebis Targmani `misve (dedisa) pirsa unda ityodes~ .

amitomac efrems, miuxedavad wina qarTvel mTargmnel­Ta mimarT didi mowiwebisa, ar akmayofilebs eqvTimes da

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giorgis Targmanebi, radgan isini ar warmoadgenen berZnu­li dednis pirebs, aramed ufro xSirad maTi qarTuli versiebia. swored es ganapirobebs efremis mier winamorbed mTargmnelTagan erTxel ukve Targmnili wignebis xelaxla Targmnas. Tumca efremi, romelic eqvTimes da giorgis did avtoritets aRiarebda, erideboda amgvar revizias, magram sxvaTa iZulebiT, daJinebuli moTxovniT, rogorc araer­Txel SeniSnavs anderZebSi, mas mainc utvirTavs giorgis naredaqcievi `samociqulos~ wignebis berZnulTan Sedareba, eqvTimes mier Targmnili grigol nazianzelis homiliebis xelaxla Targmna da sxv.

bunebrivia, efremis amgvar saqmianobas qarTvel sazoga­doebaSi gaugebroba gamouwvevia. rogorc k. kekeliZe aR­niSnavs: `is axali mimarTuleba, romelic man mTargmnelo­baSi daamkvidra, imdenad examuSebodaT, rom mas eqvTimes da giorgis upativcemlobas, metiGrobasa da mwvaleblobasac ki swamebdnen~ (kekeliZe, 1980, 61; ix. agreTve, mari, 1909, 36­39). amiT unda aixsnas is Tavis marTleba, rasac efremis TiTqmis yovel anderZSi vxvdebiT. magram, yvelafris miux­edavad, efremi mTargmnelobiT saqmianobaSi bolomde Tavis mier erTxel Gamoyalibebuli principebis erTgul mim­devrad rGeba. aRsaniSnavia, rom TviT efremi eqvTime da giorgi aTonelebis saqmis gamgrZeleblad aRiqvamda Tavs. mis mier SemuSavebuli meTodi mas winamorbed mTargmnel­Ta meTodis srulyofad, Semdgom daxvewad miaGnda da ara masTan dapirispirebad. grigol RmrTismetyvelis Txzule­bebis Targmanze darTul erT­erT anderZSi (A 292, 282v, bregaZe, 1988, 174) efremi imasac ki acxadebs, rom mas grig­olis 19 sityva (`aTcxrametni igi aporitaTagan~) `mamisa da moZRurisa kvalsa SedgomiTa sityuadarTviT~ uTargmnia. e. i. eqvTimes msgavsad TargmanisaTvis masac raRac Gaumate­bia. magram misgan gansxvavebiT `arca sxKsa sakiTxavisa sxu­asa GaurTavs~ da `arca jerGinebiT da nebsiT uTargmneli sityva daugdia~(A292, 282v; bregaZe, 1988, 174). eqvTime ki xSirad iqceoda ase _ tovebda Targmnisas calkeul, zogjer sakmaod vrcel monakveTebs, romelTa qarTulad gadmoRe­ba raRac mizeziT ar miaGnda aucileblad (kekeliZe, 1980, 192, 202; 1956, 169­174; et. II,237­269; 1912, 300; et. VII,14­54; xinTibiZe, 1968; qurcikiZe, 1978, 24­34; miminoSvili, 1963;

­ 19 ­

dvali, 1966; oTxmezuri, 1989; `orioni~, 1993). `mas Jamsa es­reT Sehguandao~(A292, 282v), _acxadebs efremi da amiT xsnis dednisadmi eqvTimes amgvar Tavisufal damokidebulebas. magram XI saukunis II naxevarSi, roca drom da Jamma sxva moTxovnebi daayena qarTvel mTargmnelTa winaSe, efremis azriT, mTargmnelmac unda Secvalos dednisadmi damokide­buleba. radgan berZnebi xSirad sayvedurobdnen qarTve­lebs da uwunebdnen arasrulad da arazustad Sesrulebul Targmanebs, qarTvelebsac yvela Rone unda exmaraT, rom maTTvis amis sababi ar miecaT. efrem mcire erT­erTi im moRvaweTagani iyo, vinc gaiTvaliswina, Tu ra didi mniS­vneloba SeiZleboda hqonoda berZnebTan kulturuli ga­Tanabrebis, maTTan metoqeobis ideas qarTvelTaTvis. ami­tomac daisaxa miznad zustad, Seucvlelad, Seuryvnelad da Seuzaveblad eTargmna bizantiuri mwerlobis saukeTeso nimuSebi da amisTvis Targmnis sakuTari meTodi da wina mTargmnelTagan gansxvavebuli mTargmnelobiTi Teoria Se­imuSava, romelic efremis anderZebSi da aSiebze moTavse­bul mTargmnelis SeniSvnebSi gamoTqmuli mosazrebebisa da efremis mTargmnelobiTi meTodis Sesaxeb arsebuli samec­niero literaturis gaTvaliswinebiT Semdegnairad SeiZle­ba Gamoyalibdes:1. mTargmnelma Txzulebis Targmnis dawyebamde unda Seiswav­

los saTargmnad arGeuli Zeglis irgvliv arsebuli vi­Tareba. daadginos, xom ar arsebobs misi adreuli Targ­mani, moiZios sando da sarwmuno dednebi da Seajeros isini erTmaneTTan. mxolod aseTi erTgvari mecnieruli samuSaos winaswar Sesrulebis Semdeg SeiZleba man mohki­dos xeli Targmnas.

2. Txzuleba unda iTargmnos im enidan, romelzedac is aris Sesrulebuli.

3. mTargmneli unda Seecados daicvas sizuste, mogvces dednis swori Targmani, ar Secvalos saTauri anu `zed­warwerili~ da minaweric ki. arc daaklos rame da arc ra miumatos dedniseul teqsts.

4. radgan `yovelsa Targmansa uPms SematebaY sityKsaY~, `si­tyKs Zalis ganmacxadebeli~, azris damazustebeli da sxva xasiaTis SeniSvnebi, sqolio­komentarebis, anderZe­bisa da winasityvaobebis saxiT daurTos naTargmn Zegls

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Tavsa da boloSi da kideebze. araviTar SemTxvevaSi ar SeiZleba maTi ~Sigan gareviT daweraY~. cxadia, rom efremis mier mTargmnelobiTi saqmianobi­

saTvis saxelmZRvanelod arGeuli principebi efrem mciris mTargmnelobiTi Sexedulebebis uaRresad maRal doneze miuTiTeben. am Teoriis mixedviT efremi gvevlineba ara mx­olod ubralod mTargmnelad, aramed Targmnis Teoretiko­sadac, romelsac mTeli sisruliT gaazrebuli aqvs Tavi­si saqmianobis pasuxismgebloba da mniSvnelobac. rogorc SeniSnaven, `efremi arsebiTad pirveli kacia Zvel qarTul mwerlobaSi, romelmac ara marto praqtikulad ganaxorcie­la, aramed Teoriulad gaiazra sakuTari mTargmnelobiTi muSaobis principebi~ (WumburiZe, 1958, 186). efremis mier Gamoyalibebuli Targmnis mecnierul Teorias garkveul­wilad dResac ar daukargavs Tavisi mniSvneloba.

efrem mciris Teoriis mixedviT mTargmnelis muSaoba ori etapisagan Sedgeba. pirveli _ esaa mosamzadebeli samuSaos Sesruleba da meore _ TviT Targmnis procesi. pirvel etapze mTargmnelma erTgvari mecnieruli samuSao unda Seasrulos ori mimarTulebiT:

a) dednis SerGeva, b) saTargmnad arGeuli Txzulebis irgvliv arsebuli viTarebis Seswavla.

efremis Rrma rwmeniT, Txzulebis Targmna `sando da ueWvi~ dednis mopovebiT iwyeba. aseTi ki, pirvel rigSi, SeiZleba iyos mxolod originali da ara Tundac uzadod Sesrulebuli sxvaenovani Targmani. Txzuleba unda iTarg­mnos im enidan, romelzedac is daiwera. radgan efremis mTargmnelobiTi saqmianoba berZnul samyaros ukavSirdeba, amitomac efremisTvis dednad sagulvebeli teqsti yov­elTvis berZnulia. misi xatovani SedarebiT berZnuli teqs­ti `dedaa~, Targmani ki `Svili~, Targmanidan Sesrulebuli Targmani ki `SviliSvilia~ berZnulisa (A292,312r), romelic, ra Tqma unda, naklebadaa `ueWK da sando. ~ magram efremma SesaniSnavad icis, rom berZnul enaze arsebobs Txzule­baTa ramdenime, xSirad erTmaneTisagan sagrZnoblad gan­sxvavebuli redaqciebi, amitomac dednis SerGevis sakiTxi marto erTi berZnuli teqstis mopovebiT ar amoiwureba. saWiroa Sedareba, Sewameba berZnuli dednebisa, mecnierTa da swavlul kacTa gamokiTxva, erTi sityviT, gamokvleva

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sakiTxisa, rac wminda mecnieruli filologiuri xasi­aTis samuSaos warmoadgens, magram mxolod aseTi winaswari samuSaos Sesrulebis Semdeg SeiZleba moipovos mTargmnel­ma `ucTomelad da gamowulilviT gamarTuli~ dedani, sa­dac `yovelni (sityvani) dajerebul iqnes~(Jer.43, 3r).

magram efrem mciris azriT, esec araa sakmarisi imi­sTvis, rom mTargmneli Txzulebis qarTul enaze gadmoRebas Seudges. man unda gaarkvios, ra viTarebaa am Zeglis irgv­liv qarTulSi; xom ar arsebobs misi sxva Targmanebi. efrems amis garkveva aucileblad miaGnia, `raYTa ara meored Targ­mnilad Seiracxos wigni ese~(Jer.16, 1r), rac, rogorc Gans, erTgvar uxerxulobasTan iyo dakavSirebuli (kekeliZe, et. II,b). `ukueTu visme pirvelad eTargmnos, meored Targmaneb­uli winaaRmdgomad gamoGndebis~ (Satb. kreb., 365) _aseTi iyo imdroindel mTargmnelTa literaturuli etiketi. ami­tomac romelime Zeglis meored Targmnis yovel konkretul faqts damajerebeli dasabuTeba sWirdeboda. efrems basili didis `asketikonis~ Targmna Seuwyvetia, roca gaugia, rom arsebobda am wignis prokopi mRvdlis mier Sesrulebuli Targmani da mxolod 12 wlis Semdeg gaugrZelebia, isic sx­vaTa daJinebuli TxovniT (A689, 187r; Jordania, 1897, 39­40; xinTibiZe,1968).

erTxel ukve Targmnilis xelaxla Targmnas efremi rom Tavs sagangebod aridebda, Gans `fsalmunTa Targmaneb­is~ miseul Targmanze darTuli erT­erTi SeniSvnidanac, romelic 67­e fsalmunis aTanasi aleqsandrieliseuli gan­martebis Targmnas Seexeba: `Targmani wmidisa aTanasesi amis fsalmunisa vinaYTgan pirvel Targmnil iyo netaris mamis daviT tbelis mier, amisTKs arRara saWiro iyo kualad TargmnaY misi~ (Q37, 282v, m. SaniZe, 1968, 122).

efremis Teoriis mixedviT ukve Targmnili Txzulebis xelaxla Targmnas mTargmnelma mxolod maSin SeiZleba mo­hkidos xeli: a) roca Targmani Sesrulebulia ara im enidan, romelzedac Seiqmna Txzuleba. ase moiqca efremi grigol nazianzelis Txzulebis (`evnomiosTa mimarT... ~) xelmeored Targmnisas, radgan misi sityvebiT `somexisa Svilsa, berZen­isa SviliSvilsaRa, nuukue da ara ueWvelsa, TKT ueWK da sakuTari Svili~ arGia (A 292, 312r; bregaZe, 1988, 175) an b) roca dedani qarTveli mTargmnelis mier Semoklebulia an

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ganvrcobili da amitom Targmans is siRrme da sicxade ara aqvs, rac dedanSi hqonda. aseTi Targmanebi Tundac Rrmad pa­tivsacem mwignobrebs, ̀ Targmanebis wyarod da Zirad~ (Ath.18, 236) wodebul mamebs, eqvTime da giorgi aTonelebs, ekuTvn­odes, mainc unda iTargmnos xelaxla, rom arc `berZnebi gvayuedrebdes~ (A292, 282v) da arc qarTvelni, `kualad Semdgomni mecnierni berZulisani~, romlebic `mabralebel gueqmnebodes gamouZiebelad dawerisaTvs sityuaTaYsa~(Jer. 16,2v). marTalia, gasworeba maswavlebelTa Targmanebisa, romelTagan `gviswavia anbani berZulisa da qarTulisaY~(Jer. 43,2r), friad saGoTiro saqmea, magram efremi imis momxrea, rom Tuki maT TargmanebSi raime aRmoGndeba `daSTomilad, anu siswrafisagan, anu dedisa da TargmanTa ver povnisagan, anu SemdgomTa gadamwerTa garyunisa~(Jer. 43,2r), is `SiSiT da ZrwoliT~ gaswordes da Tavisi, da saerTod, Semdgom mTargmnelTa muSaobis mizans xatovnad ase warmoadgens: `maTiTa Gemda datevebuliTa ketebiTa da uroebiTa maTsa aPod gakafulsa da lodovanebisagan yanobir qmnilsa Sina adgil­adgil simaSuraliTa daSTomili maTda Ziri anu klde aRmovhkafo~(Jer. 43, 2r). amasTanave, efremi Semdgomi drois mTargmnelebsac anderZad utovebs mis TargmanebSi aRmoGe­nili uzustobebis gasworebas: `ukueTu TKnier Surisa, kr­ZalulebiT gamoZiebiT da WeSmaritis moyuariTa cnobiTa GemTaca vinme TargmnilTa SeamTPKos ganmarTebaY SecTomi­lisaY, ufalman misces sasyideli gulsmodginebisaY~ (Jer. 43, 2v), _ wers is grigol nazianzelis sadResaswaulo homilie­bis krebulisaTvis daweril Sesaval werilSi (mari, 1955, 72; bregaZe, 1988, 148).

II etapze, anu TviT Targmnis procesSi ki, efremis Teoriis mixedviT, mTargmnelma, romelmac kargad unda icodes `rabamobaY berZenTa da qarTvelTa enebisaY~(Jer.43, 1r), zedmiwevniTi sizuste unda daicvas. umTavresi moTxov­na aq isaa, rom Txzuleba unaklulod iTargmnos `viTar igi berZulad [ars] da yovelive berZulisagan~(A292,329r). aravi­Tar SemTxvevaSi ar unda Seicvalos `zedwarwerili~, anu sa­Tauri, rasac gansakuTrebul mniSvnelobas aniWebs efremi, radgan aman SeiZleba gaugebroba da TxzulebaTa erTman­eTSi areva gamoiwvios. ase moxda, magaliTad, basili didis `iTikasTan~ dakavSirebiT, roca erTmaneTSi airia basilis

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`moraluri wesebi~, romelsac berZnulad `iTika~ ewodeba da eqvTime aTonelis mier Targmnili homiletikur­egzege­tikuri Sinaarsis krebuli, romelic qarTulad agreTve `iTikis~ saxeliTaa cnobili. rogorc basilis `asketikonis~ mkvlevarma e. xinTibiZem gaarkvia: `am or Txzulebas So­ris araferia saerTo garda saxelwodebisa. erTs qarTuli saxelwodeba emTxveva meoris berZnul saxelwodebas. maTi erTmaneTSi aRrevac am niadagze unda momxdariyo~ (xinTi­biZe, 1982, 184­185). amgvari gaugebrobis Tavidan acileba, efremis azriT, SeiZleba, Tuki Txzulebis zedwarwerils mTargmneli ucvlelad datovebs, gansakuTrebiT unda ga­frTxildes mTargmneli, roca saqme krebulebs exeba: `amas wignsa ewodebis `filoTeon istoriaY~, romel ars RmrT­ismoyuarebiTi TxrobaY, rameTu viTar­igi `klemaqsa~ da `dialoRonsa~ igive berZuli saxeli uwodian qarTuladaca, egreTve amisTKs usakuTres ars wodebad `filoTeon isto­riaY, ~ romeli­ese TKT aRmwerelisa amissa Teodoritesgan saxeldebul ars amisda~(A689,187r; Jordania, 1897, 40), _ Sen­iSnavs Teodorite kvirelis Txzulebis Targmanis winasi­tyvaobaSi efremi. saTauris Seucvlelad Targmnis Sesaxeb msjelobs efremi ioane damaskelis `gardamocemis~ Sesaval­Sic: `sacnaur iyavn, viTarmed `winamZRuari~ saxelad wmidi­sa anastasi sinelis TqumulTaTKs minaxavs berZulsa Sina, xolo amis wignisaTKs arasada, TKnier qarTulisa. amisTKs esreT jer uGndin siwmidesa Tquensa, raYTa viTar­igi zeda­warwerilsa amissa Sina iTqmis, `gardamocema~ uwoddeT wignsa amas, romeli­igi berZulsa Sina esreTve warweril ars; da `winamZRuar~ masve wmidisa mamisa efTKmes Targmnil­sa saxel­edeboden, rameTu TKT igi amisganve gamokrebul arso~ (A24,3r).

efremi imis momxrea, rom mTargmnelma Seucvlelad gadmoiRos ara mxolod ZiriTadi teqsti dednisa, aramed is SeniSvnebic, romelic dedans axlavs aSiebze. dednisad­mi aseT ukritiko damokidebulebas efremi xandaxan Sec­domamde mihyavs da zogjer Txzulebis Targmnisas teqstSi Seaqvs is SeniSvna, romelic sinamdvileSi sxvas, komenta­tors ekuTvnis (amgvari SemTxvevebi basili kesarielis `as­ketikonis~ TargmanSi ganxiluli aqvs e. xinTibiZes (xinTi­biZe, 1968, 165­169; 1982, 163­169).

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efrem mciris mTargmnelobiT TeoriaSi gaTvaliswineb­ulia is sirTuleebic, romelic Targmnisas sizustis dam­cveli mTargmnelis winaSe wamoiWreba. efremis Teoriis mixedviT, mTargmnelma `dedasa arara unda GahrTos~(Ath.18, 237), amasTanave, misive gancxadebiT `Targmans xati da mo­qcevi dednisaYve unda aqundes~(A689,187v), e. i. Targmanma dednis azri, siRrme da sicxade zustad da sworad unda gadmosces. amis miRweva ki ar xerxdeba ise, Tuki Targmans dednis `sityvis Zalis ganmacxadebeli~ sityva ar Seemata. `yovelsa Targmansa uPms SematebaY sityKsa, reca ganmacxade­belad Zalisa~(A24,2v), _ acxadebs efremi da radgan aseT ̀ si­tyvis Zalis ganmacxadebel~ SeniSvnebs mTargmneli teqstSi ver GarTavs, is man `kideTa zeda adgil­adgil~ an `Tavsa da bolosa wignisasa~ unda daweros. TargmanisaTvis kideze adg­il­adgil miwerili da wignis Tavsa da boloSi moTavsebuli mTargmnelis SeniSvnebis darTva, efrem mcires mTargmnelo­biTi saqmianobis aucilebel komponentad miaGnia. `sityvis Zalis gancxadebasTan~ erTad aseT SeniSvnebSi mTargmneli SeiZleba Seexos saTargmnad arGeul TxzulebasTan dakav­Sirebul istoriul, literaturul, filosofiur, sarw­munoebriv­Teologiur, gramatikul, miTologiur Tu sxva sakiTxs, rac efremis azriT, daainteresebs `gamomeZiebel mkiTxvels~. amitomac Targmanis amgvari komentarebiT aR­Wurva misi mTargmnelobiTi saqmianobis erT­erTi damaxasi­aTebeli Taviseburebaa, ris Sesaxebac aRniSnavs yvela mkv­levari, vinc ki efremis mTargmnelobiT moRvaweobas raime kuTxiT exeba. `efrems Gveuleba hqonia _TiTqmis yvela mis mier naTargmni TxzulebisaTvis arSiaze daerTo ama Tu im sityvis an adgilis ganmarteba, romelsac is `sityuadar­Tulobas uwodebs~, _ aRniSnavs k. kekeliZe (kekeliZe, 1980, 67). misive dakvirvebiT, `sqolioebi sazogadod sxvadasxva xasiaTisaa: gramatikuli, istoriuli, leqsikografiuli, egzegetikuri, filosofiuri da sxv. ~ (iqve, gv. 268).

TargmanisaTvis mTargmnelis mier darTuli yvelanair SeniSvnas efremi mTargmnelis `mozraxuls~ uwodebs. ioane damaskelis `gardamocemis~ winasityvaobaSi efremi sagange­bod msjelobs amis Sesaxeb da mis Tanamedrove Tu Semdgomi drois gadamwerebs TxovniT mimarTavs: `ukueTu amas dai-werdes, ese iRuawen, raYTa arara daaklos... arca Gemi ese

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kadrebuli da mozraxuli. ara xolo Sesavalsa amas vityv, ar-amed kidesa warwerilTa TargmanTaca, romelTagani romel-nime zepiriT dawerilnia da romelnime dedisagan~(A24,2v). imave Txovnas imeorebs efremi pavles epistoleTa Targ­manebaze darTul anderZSic: `mcireTa amaT sityuaTa adg-il-adgil mozraxulTa, Gem sawyaloblisa efrem mcirisaTa dawera nu gewyinebis, rameTu esreT maqunda brZanebaY, raYTa Sina araraY GavrTo, aramed kideTa zeda da Tavisa da boloYsa anderZTa Sina vikadro dawerad~(Ath.18,237); grigol nazianze­lis homiliebis krebulisaTvis wamZRvarebul werilSi efre­mi gvixsnis, rom `mozraxvisa amis Gemisa mizezi (igulisxmeba am werilis daweris mizezi) ars gulsavse yofisa ZmaTasa wadiereba~(Jer.43,2v).

efremis mier aq xmarebuli sityva `mozraxuli~ `zraxva~ zmnidan nawarmoebi vnebiTi gvaris mimReobaa. am zmnis Ziri­Tad mniSvnelobebs Soris i. abulaZe ufro gavrcelebul `azrTan~ da `fiqrTan~ erTad asaxelebs `axsna­ganmarte­basac~. `zraxva _ azri, fiqri, zrunva, `ganzraxva~, rGeva, axsna­ganmarteba~(abulaZe, 1973, 167) da iqve mohyavs ipo­lite romaelis ̀ qronikonidan~ erTi adgili, sadac ̀ zraxva~ aSkarad axsna­ganmartebis mniSvnelobiTaa naxmari: `GuenebaY ixila nabuqodonosor da zraxvaY igi hkiTxa qaldevelTa~ (abulaZe, 1961, 238). am zmnidan nawarmoeb mraval forma­Ta Soris i. abulaZis leqsikonSi `mozraxuli~ Setanili ar aris, magram is ganmarteba rac `zraxvas~ Seexeba da efrem mciris zemoT dasaxelebuli anderZebis konteqsti saSuale­bas gvaZlevs zustad ganvmartoT am sityvis mniSvneloba. `mozraxuli~ _ esaa nafiqri, naazrevi, axsna­ganmartebis mizniT dawerili ram. `mozraxuli~ ganmartebulia rogorc `naTqvami~ z. sarjvelaZis `Zveli qarTuli enis leqsikonSi (sarjvelaZe, 1995, 132). amdenad efremis, rogorc mTargm­nelis, `kadrebuli da mozraxuli~ misi naazrevia, mis mier mkiTxvelisTvis miwodebuli axsna­ganmartebaa. `mTargm-nelis mozraxuli~ efremis anderZebis mixedviT erTgvari terminia, romelic aerTianebs mTargmnelis mier saTargmni Txzulebis gamo xelnaweris sxvadasxva adgilze gakeTebul yvela saxis komentars: aSiaze miweril sqolioebs, wignis TavSi moTavsebul winasityvaobas da boloSi darTul an­derZs.

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efremis mTargmnelobiTi Teoriis mixedviT Targmanisa­Tvis `mTargmnelis mozraxulis~ darTva aucilebelia. amas­Tanave, mkacrad unda iqnes daculi wesi maTi gadawerisa. isini `Sigan gaurevlad~ unda daiweros; `yovlad ujero ars visganme kidesa warwerilisa mis Targmanisa Sigan gareviT daweraY, aramed kidesa warweraY, viTarca `viswaveT Guen ese oTxasocTa maTgan wignTa Teofile patriarqisa mier sKme­onwmidas SewirulTa... ~(A24, 2v).

efremis `mozraxulis~ kvlevis istoria. efrem mciris mozraxuli komentarebi da anderZebi imTaviTve ipyrobdnen mecnierTa yuradRebas. jer kidev Tedo Jordaniam, romel­mac mravali Zveli qarTuli xelnaweris aRweriloba da mok­le analizic mogvca, Tavis `qronikebSi~ TiTqmis srulad gamoaqveyna efremis mier Targmnil Txzulebebze darTuli yvela anderZi, rac ki mas hqonda xelT da im sqolioTa erTi nawili, rac, misi azriT, gansakuTrebul yuradRebas imsaxurebda(Jordania, 1892, 217­218; Jordania, 1897, 39­40, 40­42, 166­167, 203, 214, 215, 216, 237­38, 220, 223­225, 221­227). man gamoaqveyna Teodorite kvirelis `filoTeon istoriis~ da basili didis `asketikonze~ darTuli mTargmnelis Sen­iSvnebis erTi nawilic A689 xelnaweris mixedviT (Jordania, 1897, 40­42), `samociqulos Targmanebis~ sqolioebis nawili da dionise areopagelis TxzulebaTa Targmanze darTuli mTargmnelis ganmartebani (Jordania, 1903, 381­383).

1910 wels k. kekeliZem gamosca efrem mciris erT­er­Ti vrceli `mozraxuli~ `mosaPsenebeli mcire sKmeonisTKs loRoTetisa da TxrobaY mizezTa amaT sakiTxavTa Targmni­saTa~ (kekeliZe, et. V, a, 223­226), romelsac vrceli gamokv­levac axlavs rusul enaze (iqve, gv. 212­223). efremis sqo­lioebsa da anderZebs eyrdnoboda mkvlevari Zveli qarTuli saeklesio mwerlobis araerTi sakiTxis garkvevisas Tavis naSromSi `Zveli qarTuli literaturis istoria~(kekeliZe, 1980, 61, 101­102, 170, 171, 179, 191, 192, 193, 199, 201, 202, 206, 207, 226, 227, 233, 247).

1926 wels robert bleikma Jurnal `mimomxilvelSi~ gamoaqveyna efrem mciris Targmnil `samociqulos Targ­manebaze~ darTuli anderZi erTi ierusalimuri xelnaweris mixedviT (bleiki1926), romelic Semdeg n. maris ierusalimis

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xelnawerTa aRwerilobaSi (mari, 1955, 55­63) da i. abulaZis mier gamocemul `saqme mociqulTaSic~ (saqm. mociq., 1950, 029­031) daibeWda. `saqme mociqulTaze~ darTul gamokv­levaSi i. abulaZe efremis Targmanebis aSiebze moTavse­bul ramdenime sqoliosac Seexo (gv. 012­013). mogvianebiT efremis Targmnil `samociqulos Targmanebaze~ darTuli mTargmnelis SeniSvnebi sagangebod Seiswavla k. daneliam (danelia, 1982, 328­335).

1959 wels e. metrevelma naSromSi `efrem mciris av­tografi~ (metreveli, 1959) pirvelad dabeWda efremis av­tograful xelnawerSi (S1276) daculi mTargmnelis ramden­ime `Seiswave~ da anderZ­minaweri. imave wels T. bregaZem gamosca efremis originaluri istoriuli Sroma `uwyebaY mizezsa qarTvelTa moqcevisasa, Tu romelTa wignTa Sina moiPsenebis~ (efrem mcire, 1959) masze darTuli sqolioe­biTurT.

1961 wels s. enuqiSvilma gamosca fsevdodionise are­opagelis TxzulebaTa efrem mciriseuli Targmani (petre iberieli, 1961) da masze darTuli mTargmnelis komentare­bic (gv. 261­263), Tumca sagangebo msjeloba efremis komen­tarTa Sesaxeb gamokvlevaSi, romelic am wigns uZRvis win, ara gvaqvs (gv. 015­0199).

1966 wels gamovida r. miminoSvilis wigni `ioane dam­askelis `gardamocemis~ qarTuli Targmanebi~ (miminoSvili, 1966), sadac erTi Tavi eTmoba am Txzulebis efremiseul Targmanze darTul mTargmnelis sqolioebis analizs (gv. 116­143).

1968 wels daibeWda e. xinTibiZis monografia `basili kapadokielis `samoRvaweo wignis~ qarTuli redaqciebi~ (xinTibiZe, 1968), romlis erTi Tavi mkvlevarma ̀ asketikonis~ efremiseul Targmanze darTul istoriul­filologiur, teqstualuri, sarwmunoebriv­Teologiuri da leqsikuri xasiaTis sqolioebis Seswavlas miuZRvna (gv. 158­175). manve aRniSna, rom `es sqolioebi, romlebic dRemde qarTvelo­logiaSi Seuswavleli iyo, uaRresad saintereso cnobebs iZleva rogorc efrem mciris msoflmxedvelobisa da mec­nierul­mTargmnelobiTi muSaobis, aseve qarTuli saliter­aturo enis istoriis Sesaxeb. am sqolioebis mniSvneloba qarTuli mwerlobis istoriisaTvis Zalze didia~ (xinTi­

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biZe, 1968, 175). imave 1968 wels m. SaniZem gamosca sruli teqsti efrem

mciris fsalmunTa Targmanebis Sesavlisa, romelic efremis `mozraxulTagan~ yvelaze vrcelia da amave dros gan­sakuTrebuli mniSvnelobis mqonec (SaniZe, 1968, 77­122), fsalmunTa Targmanebis Sesavlis teqstis nawili am Tx­zulebisTvis daweril efremis anderZTan erTad pirvelad e. TayaiSvilma gamoaqveyna 1914 w. (TayaiSvili, 1914, 243­263), xolo `Sesavlis~ bolo nawili erTi ierusalimuri xelnaweris (#1) mixedviT aRadgina r. bleikma da dabeWda Jurnal `mimomxilvelSi~ (bleiki, 1926, 159­160) 1926 wels. m. SaniZis gamocemaSi, romelsac axlavs gamomcemlis vrceli gamokvleva, garda imisa, rom teqsti sruladaa warmodge­nili, gaTvaliswinebulia yvela nusxis Gveneba da teqsti kritikuladaa dadgenili.

1976 wels m. rafavam gamosca ioane damaskelis `dialeq­tikis~ qarTuli Targmanebis teqsti (ioane damaskeli, 1976), romelsac daurTo vrceli gamokvleva da leqsikoni. teqs­tis gamomcemelma dabeWda `dialeqtikis~ erT­erTi mTargm­nelis efrem mciris Sesavali werili da sqolioebic, romel­ic xelnaweris kideebze mouTavsebia mTargmnels. `dialeq­tikis~ winasityvaoba adrec iyo gamocemuli T. Jordanias (Jordania, 1892, gv. 215­219) da e. TayaiSvilis (TayaiSvili, 1902, gv. 710­717) mier.

efremis mier Targmnil agiografiul Txzulebebze darTuli komentarebis erTi nawili am Txzulebebis te­qstTan erTad gamoaqveyna n. goguaZem `metafrasul kre­bulSi~ (goguaZe, 1986). grigol nazianzelis Txzulebeb­is Targmanze darTuli efremis anderZebi da sqolioebis didi nawili Sesulia T. bregaZis mier Sedgenil `grigol nazianzelis TxzulebaTa Semcvel qarTul xelnawerTa aR­werilobaSi~ (bregaZe, 1988). efremis mier Targmnili fsev­donones miTologiuri komentarebi da mTargmneliseuli GanarTebi am TxzulebaSi Seiswavla T. oTxmezurma (oTxme­zuri, 1989). efremis calkeuli SeniSvnebi gamoqveynebulia misi Targmanebis Semcveli xelnawerebis aRwerilobebSi, magram zogjer arazustad da arasrulad. aRwerilobebSi xSirad mxolod miTiTebulia, rom ama Tu im xelnawers ax­lavs mTargmnelis SeniSvnebi, `Seiswaveebi~.

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efrem mciris sxvadasxva Targmanebze darTuli mravali sqolio, gansakuTrebiT leqsikografiuli da gramatikuli xasiaTisa da teqstSive mocemuli mTargmneliseuli gan­martebebi, Seiswavla z. sarjvelaZem, romelmac Tavisi wignis `qarTuli saliteraturo enis istoriis Sesavali~ IX TavSi (`qarTuli enaTmecnieruli azris istoriis saTaveebTan~) (sarjvelaZe, 1984, 198­252) sxva mTargmnelTa SeniSvnebTan erTad ganixila efrem mciris mravali leqsikografiuli da gramatikuli xasiaTis komentari, mogvca maTi mniSvnelo­bis Sefaseba da gansazRvra efremis adgili qarTuli grama­tikuli azrovnebis istoriaSi. Zveli xelnawerebidan mis mier amokrebili mravali aqamde ucnobi SeniSvnidan gan­sakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania isini, sadac efremi msjelobs saliteraturo (`wignuri~) da arasaliteraturo (`soflu­ri~) formebis urTierTmimarTebis Sesaxeb, gvaZlevs ama Tu im sityvis gramatikul formaTa analizs, Semoaqvs zo­gierTi axali gramatikuli termini, cdilobs berZnuli da qarTuli enis TaviseburebebiT gamowveuli sxvaobis axsnas. mkvlevarma xazgasmiT aRniSna efremis mravalricxovani leqsikografiuli xasiaTis SeniSvnebis mniSvneloba qarTuli saliteraturo enis istoriisa da qarTuli leqsikografiis istoriis Sesaswavlad (sarjvelaZe, 1984, 199­200).

efremis sqolioebi da gansakuTrebiT anderZebi fas­daudebel cnobebs Seicavs Savi mTis mwignobruli keris is­toriis Sesaswavlad. arsebiTad efrem mciris `mozraxuli~ warmoadgens safuZvels l. menabdisaTvis Savi mTis lit­eraturuli skolis istoriis warmosaGenad (menabde, 1980). misi wignis `Zveli qarTuli mwerlobis kerebi~ im nawilSi, romelic Savi mTis savaneebs exeba, mkvlevari aanalizebs efremis mraval anderZsa da `Seiswaves~ da maTi gaTval­iswinebiT axasiaTebs Savi mTis savaneSi moRvawe mravali qarTveli mwignobris saqmianobas.

efrem mciris calkeul sqolioebsa da anderZebs ganixi­laven i. lolaSvili (lolaSvili, 1967, 214­220; 1972; 1973; 1982), e. nikolaZe (nikolaZe, 1959), e. xinTibiZe (xinTibiZe, 1982, 171, 173, 176­186, 230­238), g. gozaliSvili (gozaliSvi­li, 1965), n. maxaraZe (maxaraZe, 1986), l. daTiaSvili (daTiaS­vili, 1984), T. kukava (kukava, 1988), m. rafava (rafava, 1990, a, b; 1991; 1995), q. bezaraSvili (bezaraSvili, 1989, a, b; 1995,

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a, b: 1999; 2001; 2002; 2003; 2004), T. oTxmezuri (oTxmezuri, 1986; 1992; 1995; 1997; 1998; 2001; 2004; 2009), g. alibegaSvili (g. alibegaSvili, 1989), e. WeliZe (WeliZe, 1994; 1995; 1996; 1999), a. WumburiZe ( WumburiZe, 1999; 2001) da sxv.

xelnaweris kideebze darTuli mTargmnelis SeniSvneb­is Seswavlas did mniSvnelobas aniWebda iv. javaxiSvili, romlis azriT, momavalSi qarTuli xelnawerebis Seswav­las unda gamoemJRavnebina qarTvel mTargmnelTa araerTi SeniSvna, romelsac qarTuli enaTmecnieruli azris is­toriisaTvis eqneboda garkveuli mniSvneloba. `TviT is calkeuli gramatikuli dakvirvebani, romelnic efTvme da giorgi mTawmidelebs, efrem mcires, arseni iyalToels da sxvebsac sqolioebisa Tu kidurwerilobis saxiT moepove­baT, jer aravis amoukrefia da gamouqveynebia. amitom im sagulisxmo sakiTxis gasaTvaliswineblad, Tu ra Tvisebisa da Rirebulebisa iyo Zvel qarTvel mecnierTa qarTuli da berZnuli enebis rabamobis codna, jer TiTqmis araviTari masalebi ar mogvepoveba~ (javaxiSvili, 1937, 4), _ werda iv. javaxiSvili 1937 wels. marTalia, mas Semdeg, rogorc zemo­Tac davinaxeT, am kuTxiT seriozuli muSaoba iqna Gatare­buli, magram sruli saxiT warmodgenili, erTad Tavmoyrili qarTvel mTargmnelTa SeniSvnebi da anderZebi dRemde ara gvaqvs. efremis Targmanebis Semcvel xelnawerebSi, rogorc didi mecnieri varaudobda, marTlac uaRresad didi mniS­vnelobis masala aRmoGnda ara marto qarTvel mTargmnel­Ta qarTuli da berZnuli enebis rabamobis codnis Sesaxeb, rasac gansakuTrebiT usvamda xazs iv. javaxiSvili, aramed qarTuli da bizantiuri literaturis mraval sakiTxzec. efremis kolofonebsa da sqolioebs garkveuli mniSvneloba aqvT qarTul­bizantiuri literaturuli urTierTobe­bis, zogjer bizantiuri literaturis istoriis konkre­tuli sakiTxis dasaszusteblad. isini gvawvdian sainter­eso cnobebs TviTon efremis mTargmnelobiTi saqmianobis Sesaxeb, mis winamorbed da Tanamedrove mTargmnelebze, gviqmnian warmodgenas im kulturul garemoze, romelSic moRvaweobdnen efrem mcire da sxva SavmTeli mTargmnelebi. efremi Tavisi `mozraxuliT~ warmogvidgeba rogorc mec­nieri mTargmneli, dakvirvebuli teqstologi, filologi da filosofosi, berZnuli miTologiisa da istoriis Ses­

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aniSnavi mcodne. Gveni naSromi mokrZalebuli cdaa qarTvel mTargm­

nelTa erT­erTi saukeTeso warmomadgenlis efrem mciris `mozraxuli~ kolofonebisa da komentarebis Tavmoyrisa da Seswavlisa (wignSi qveyndeba efremis yvela anderZi da Ses­avali werili).

komentatorul saqmianobasTan dakavSirebuli zogierTi ter-mini da naTargmni Txzulebis komentirebis efrem mciriseu-li principebi. Zvel qarTul xelnawerebSi komentatorul saqmianobasTan dakavSirebuli ramdenime termini gvxvdeba. kerZod: `aSia~//arSia, `kide~, `kiduri~, `kideTa warweri-li~, `sxolio~, `mkKdri~, `danaSTeni mkKdrisaY~, `pativi~, `Seiswave~, `Targmani~, `mTargmnelis mozraxuli~, `ander-Zi~, `winabWe~, `garemowera~, ` moTxviTad wera~, `kimen-sxo-lioni~, `marTlgawyoba~, `Targmani~, `Targmaniani~, `iota~, `usakuTresi~, `gansazRvrebaY~ `ganGinebaY~, samecnieroY~ `Suenieri~, `ixile~ da sxv. (javaxiSvili, 1949, 64; sur­gulaZe, 1978, 60­64, 73­79). nusxebSi SemorGenilia mTargm­nelTa Tu gadamwerTa mier xelnaweris aSiebze moTavsebu­li sxvadasxva daniSnulebis, gansxvavebuli konfiguraciis paleografiuli niSnebic, (isrebi, jvrebi, varskvlavebi, sxvadasxva geometriuli figurebi, astrologiuri da al­qimiuri niSnebi), romlebic gansakuTrebiT xSirad gvxvdeba komentarebian xelnawerebSi (qajaia, 1969). Zvel xelnawerebs am niSanTa erTi nawilis saxelebic Semounaxavs, xolo nawi­lis Sesaxeb ki TiTqmis araferi viciT.

bizantiuri mwerlobis Zeglebis erT­erTi yvelaze nay­ofieri mTargmnel­komentatoris efrem mciris Targmanebis Semcveli xelnawerebis Seswavlam da maTze darTul `mTarg­mnelis mozraxulSi~ daculma zogierTma cnobam saSualeba mogvca dagvezustebina komentatorul saqmianobasTan dakav­Sirebuli zogierTi paleografiuli terminis mniSvneloba da, amasTanave, dagvedgina is ZiriTadi principebi, romli­Tac xelmZRvanelobda efremi Targmanis komentirebisas.

uwinares yovlisa, Gveni yuradReba miiqcia efremis kolofonebSi dadasturebulma orma paleografiulma terminma: `pativi~ da `kide~. ioane damaskelis `gardamo­cemis~ winasityvaobaSi efremi wers: `... viTarca viswaveT

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Guen ese oTxas ocTa maTgan wignTa Teodore patriarqisa mier sKmeonwmidas SewirulTa, romelTa Sina araraY hrTavs sagalobeli, TKnier yovelnive sakiTxavni arian _ gareSe­ni da saeklesioni da saWiroYsa sityKsa Targmani pativTa zeda wignisaTa uweria, xolo `Seiswaveni~ da `gansazRvrebaY~ `ganGinebiTurT~ da `samecnieroY ese~ ara oden amas wignsa, aramed yovelTave wignTa berZnulTa uwerian kidesa, raYTa raJams samecnierosa rasme sityuasa eZiebdes vinme, advi­lad povos da ara uPmdes mimyovrebuli Jami, anu yovelsave gardakiTxvaY~(A24, 3r; damaskeli, 1976, 68, damaskeli, 2000, 23).

terminebis ̀ pativis~ da ̀ kidis~ Sesaxeb samecniero lit­eraturaSi ramdenime mosazrebaa gamoTqmuli. ivane javax­iSvilis azriT, `pativi~ asonaklebobis aRmniSvneli niSnis saxelia: `asos an marcvlis naklebobis maGvenebel niSans `pativi~ an ̀ qaragma~ ewodeboda (javaxiSvili, 1949, 137). misi azriT, efrem mciris zemoT moyvanili anderZis im nawilSi, sadac es terminia naxmari, gadamwerebs Secdoma dauSviaT: `winadadeba vgoneb gadamwerTagan damaxinjebuli unda iyos da dedanSi albaT ase ewereboda `pativiTa kideTa zeda wig-nisaTa uweriao~. erTi sityviT, efrem mcires undoda eTqva, rom berZnul xelnawerebSi ganmartebas kideebze werdnen daqaragmebuli sityviT~ (javaxiSvili, 1949, 138). iv. java­xiSvili am sityvas sparsuli warmoSobis sityvad miiGnevs, romelic `Tavsakravs~, ukeT `Sublsakravs~ aRniSnavs Sem­degSi ki Tanamdebobasac (iqve, gv. 138; 1982; 262­264). `pativi sparsuli sityvaa da Tavsakravsa da Tanamdebobas niSnavda. somxurSic Semosuli iyo, sadac qarTulis msgavsad, sxvaTa Soris, sityvis Semoklebis niSansac ewodeboda~, _ SeniSnavs igi (javaxiSvili, 1949, 138). termin `kides~ Sesaxeb ki mkvl­evari wers: `kide Zvelad ewodeboda teqstis oTxive mxriv dauwerel zolebs... SemdgomSi qarTul mwerlobaSi `kides~ magier terminad `arSia~ Semodis~ (iqve, gv. 64).

termin `pativis~ mniSvneloba sagangebod Seiswavla T. xaJomiam (xaJomia, 1953, 221­227), romelmac efrem mciris am anderZisa da vanis saxarebis anderZis monacemebis gaTval­iswinebiT, sadac es termini aseT konteqstSia: `aw vinca swerdeT, viTa aqa pooT egre dawereT wentiliTa da pativ-Ta zeda meoriTa sityKTa~(A1335,266), daadgina, rom `pativi~

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qaragmis aRmniSvneli termini ar aris da efremis `pativTa zeda~ niSnavs `aSiaTa zedas~, `pativi ki udris aSias~ (xaJo­mia, 1953, 226). oRond mcire sxvaoba am or sityvas Soris, misi azriT, mainc SeiniSneba: `pativi igive aSiaa... mxolod mcire niuansiT, romelSic SesaZlebelia zemo da qvemo aSie­bi igulisxmebodes ise rogorc vanis saxarebaSia es Tval­saGinod warmodgenili, xolo `kide~ udrides aswvriv zols, romelic xelnaweris svetebs Sorisaa moTavsebuli da mis kideebs asdevs~, _SeniSnavs sqolioSi mkvlevari. `pativi~ rom xelnaweris aSiis zeda da qveda nawilis aRmniSvneli paleografiuli terminia, amis Sesaxeb varauds mkvlevari naSromis daskvnaSic gamoTqvams: `amrigad, pativi orive te­qstis mixedviT (efremis winasityvaoba da vanis saxarebis anderZi d. T.) xelnaweris aSias (SesaZlebelia mxolod zemo da qvemo aSias) ewodeboda~ (xaJomia, 1969, 227).

ganxilul terminebs exeba m. surgulaZec naSromSi `Zve­li qarTuli paleografiuli terminebi~ (surgulaZe, 1978), `kidis~ miseuli ganmarteba iv. javaxiSvilisas eyrdnoba: `kide ZiriTadi teqstis SemomsazRvrel dauwerel zolebs ewodeboda~ (gv. 60), xolo ̀ pativis~ ganmartebisas mkvlevari T. xaJomias gamokvlevis gaTvaliswinebiT SeniSnavs, rom ̀ pa­tivi niSnavs aSias, kides (kerZod, gverdis zeda da qveda ki-deebs) da am mniSvnelobiT esmis igi efrem mciresac~. sityva `pativs~ wignis kidis aRmniSvnelad miiGnevda i. abulaZec (ab­ulaZe, 1973, 338). misi ganmarteba efuZvneba A484 xelnaweris (alaverdis oTxTavi) gadamweris anderZs: `ganTesulni ar­Rara davweren... pativica wignisa dauSuerdeboda~(A484,10r).

termini `pativi~, zemoT aRniSnuli `gardamocemis~ wina­sityvaobis garda, kidev orjer gvxvdeba efrem mciris an­derZSi, romelic pavles epistoleTa Targmanebis Semcvel aTonur (#18) xelnawerSia daculi (TvalTvaZe, 1988, 220­221). am anderZSi efremi aRniSnavs, rom mas pavles episto­leTa komentarebis Targmnisas dednad gamouyenebia ioane oqropiris Targmanebis mixedviT kirile aleqsandrielis mier katenuri wesiT Sedgenili Txzuleba, sadac kimenuri teqsti xelnaweris SuaSi iyo naweri, xolo epistoleTa mux­lebis ganmartebebi ki xelnaweris aSiaze oTxive mxares iyo moTavsebuli. efremi aseTi wesiT weras `garemoweras~ an `moTxviTad~ weras uwodebs (iqve, gv. 221).

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efremis sityviT, `visme moswrafesa eTxova didisa kKrilesgan, raYTa pativTa zeda samociqulosa wignisaTa waruweros Semoklebuli Zili sityKsaY, raYTa aqundes mas erT wignad pavle Targmniani~(Ath.18,236). aq `pativTa zeda~ komentarebis warwera aSkarad gulisxmobs `aSiaTa zeda~ maT moTavsebas. cota qvemoT efremi agrZelebs: `vinaYTa­gan garemowerili igi pativTa da ricxuTa saZiebeli saek­lesiod sakiTxavad da sawereladac Znel iyo, amisTKs viTa TKT wmidisa ioane oqropiris didTa TargmanTa Sina ars marTlgawyobil, egreT umjobesad wames berTa GuenTa da igi moTxviTad mowerili kKriles mier marTlgavawyveT uad­vilesobad mweralTa da mkiTxvelTa~ (Ath.18, 237; TvalTvaZe, 1988, 221). vfiqrobT, am konteqstSi termin `pativis~ mniS­vneloba naTelia. is ar SeiZleba niSnavdes xelnaweriis aSiis mxolod zemo da qvemo nawils, rogorc varaudo­bda T. xaJomia, radgan `moTxviTad wera~ da `garemowera~, rogorc TviTon sityvebic migvaniSneben, oTxive mxares daweras niSnavs. `moTxviTi~­ oTxkuTxi, asea ganmartebu­li es sityva leqsikonebSi (saba, 1991, 498; abulaZe, 1973, 264; cqitiSvili, 1976, 315). efrems saTargmnad SerGeuli Txzulebis iseTi dedani hqonia xelT, romelSic `pavles~ teqstSi `ganukveTavad~ e. i. gabmiT iyo naweri xelnaweris SuaSi, xolo ganmartebebi ki aSiebze iyo moTavsebuli. ma­gram Tavisi moZRvrebis, saba Tuxarelisa da antoni tbelis rGeviT, efrems amgvarad `moTxviTad mowerili~ Targmaneba pavles epistoleebisa `marTlgauwyvia~, e. i. `pativTa zeda~ moTavsebuli ganmarteba­komentarebi `pavles~ Sesabamisi muxlis Semdeg dauweria.

amis umTavres mizezad efremi asaxelebs imas, rom aseTi `moTxviTad mowerili~ wignebi `saeklesiod sakiTxavad Znel­iyo~. amasTanave, sirTuleebs awydebodnen gadamwere­bic (`sawereladaca Znel­iyo~), romlebsac pativTa zeda warwerili Targmanebis anu komentarebis `ricxuTa saZie­beli~ SeiZleboda areodaT (TvalTvaZe, 1988, 221). amitomac uzrunia efrems da `uadvilesobad mweralTa da mkiTxvel­Ta~ marTlgauwyvia pavles Targmanebani.

cxadia, efremi aq e. w. katenuri xasiaTis Sromaze sau­brobs, romelSic, rogorc wesi, gansamartavi teqsti, anu kimeni oTxive mxridan garSemortymulia komentarebiT.

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amdenad, efremis `pativTa zeda~, ra Tqma unda, aSias, anu xelnaweris oTxive mxares dauwerelad darGenil nawils gulisxmobs da ara mxolod mis zeda da qveda mxares. amas­Tanave, `pativi~, rom aSiis mxolod zeda da qveda nawili iyos, maSin, `gardamocemis~ winasityvaobis mixedviT, sadac efremi xazgasmiT aRniSnavs, rom `saWiroYsa sityKsa Targ­mani pativTa zeda weriao~, aseTi Znelad gasagebi (`saWi­ro~) sityvebis ganmarteba xelnaweris mxolod zeda da qveda aSiaze unda iyos moTavsebuli, mraval xelnawerSi ki aseTi ganmartebebi, zeda da qveda aSiis garda, naweris marjvniv da marcxniv dauwerelad darGenil adgilebzecaa miwerili, rasac Gveulebriv kides uwodeben xolme. aseTi SeniSvnebi gvaqvs: A 16,24,62,109,110,132,137,154,217, 689,1115, H 194, S 1276, Ath.18, Jer.9,13,15,23,43 da sxva mraval xelnawer­Si, rac gvafiqrebinebs, rom `pativi~ igive aSiaa da niSnavs xelnaweris irgvliv oTxive mxares ZiriTadi teqstis Se­momsazRvrel Tavisuflad darGenil dauwerel zolebs.

termini ̀ aSia~//`arSia~ efremis ̀ mozraxulSi~ ar gvxvde­ba. rogorc iv. javaxiSvili miuTiTebda, is SedarebiT gvian damkvidrda xelnaweris im nawilis aRmniSvnelad, rasac Gveu­lebriv `kides~ uwodebdnen (javaxiSvili, 1949, 64). efremis anderZSi es terminic gvxvdeba ramdenjerme da ZiriTadad aSiis mniSvnelobiT: `ara xolo Sesavalsa amas vityK, aramed kidesa warwerilTa TargmanTaca; romelTagani romelnime zepiriT dawerilnia da romelime dedisagan~(A24,2v; damaske­li, 1976, 67; damaskeli, 2000, 23). aq `kide~ aSkarad aSiis sinonimia. `kide~ aSiis mniSvnelobiTaa naxmari Semdeg kon­teqstSic: `yovlad ujero ars visganme kidesa warwerilisa mis Targmanisa Sigan gareviT daweraY, aramed kidesa warw-eraY (A24,3r; damaskeli, 1976, 68; damaskeli, 2000, 24). ̀ ukueTu raYme Zalisa ganmacxadebeli uPmdes Guensa enasa, igi kidesa zeda adgil-adgil... davwero~ (A24,3r; damaskeli, 1976, 67; damaskeli, 2000, 24) `raYTa Sina araraY GavrTo, aramed ki-deTa zeda da Tavisa da boloYsa anderZTa Sina vikadro dawerad~ (Ath. 18, 238; TvalTvaZe, 1988, 221). yvela zemoT moyvanil konteqstSi `kide~ aSiis mniSvnelobiTaa naxmari da masze, iseve rogorc `pativTa zeda~, iwereba mTargmne­lis SeniSvna­ganmartebebi. aqedan SeiZleba gavakeToT aseTi daskvna: dRevandeli aSiis mniSvnelobiT efrem mcire Tavis

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`mozraxulSi~ xmarobs or termins: `pativi~ da `kide~. um­eteswilad isini sinonimebia. `pativi~ udris `kides~. `pativ­Ta zeda warwerili saWiroYsa sityKs Targmani~ da `kideTa zeda adgil­adgil warwerili Targmani~ efremis mraval an­derZSi uTuod xelnaweris erTsa da imave adgils gulisxmos _ ZiriTadi teqstis garSemo Tavisufal adgils anu aSias. magram `gardamocemis~ Targmanze darTul zemoT moyvanil winasityvaobaSi terminebi `pativi~ da `kide~ aSkarad up­irispirdeba erTmaneTs. mTargmnelis TqmiT, `pativTa zeda~ weria `saWiroYsa sityKs Targmani~, xolo `kideTa zeda~ _ `Seiswave~, `gansazRvrebaY~, `ganGinebaY~, da `samecnieroY~. am konsteqstSi `pativi~ da `kide~ sinonimebi ar arian. pa­tivi niSnavs aSias, xelnaweris im nawils, sadac mTargmnelis ganmartebebi iwereba, kide ki misgan gansxvavebuli nawilia xelnaweris gverdisa.

sagulisxmoa am mxriv `samociqulos Targmanebze~ dar­Tuli mTargmnelis anderZ­winasityvaoba, sadac efremi wers: `eseviTari sityuani sadaca Semicvalebian, kidesa stiqon­isasa iotaY damisuams da Sina sityuasa winaYT ese, viTarmed `usakuTresi esreT~. aw ukuH sadaca kidesa stiqonisasa anu sityvasa zeda iotaY hpoo da sityuaTa Tana `usakuTresi~, can, viTarmed mcired cvalebaY hnebebia mas sityuasa, romel­igi wmidasa mamasa Guensa giorgis ara egoden sxKsa raYsme mizezisagan, raoden ZuHlisa pavlisa wayolisagan dauteo­bia... ~(Jer.161r; mari, 1955, 57). rogorc k. daneliam gaarkvia (danelia, 1974; danelia, 1982, 341­342), ̀ iota~ da ̀ usakuTre­si~ efrem mciris mier giorgi aTonelis Targmnili `samo­ciqulos~ redaqtirebisas gamoyenebuli pirobiTi niSnebia, amaTgan `iota~ (Ϟ) daismis xelnaweris kideze, ufro zustad im striqonis gaswvriv, romelSic raime Secvlilia gior­giseul TargmanSi da Tanac aRniSnulia `usakuTres esreT ariso~, anu _ ase umjobesia, konteqts ase ufro Seesabame­bao. efremis am anderZSi xazgasmulia, rom `iota~`kidesa stiqonisasa~ daismis. `kide~ aq aSiis mniSvnelobiT araa nax­mari, radgan striqonis kided SeiZleba mxolod is viwro zoli miviGnioT, romelic uSualod nawers asdevs gverdiT da ara naweris irgvliv darGenili mTeli aSia.

aseTive mniSvneloba aqvs `kides~ `gardamocemis~ wina­sityvaobaSic. `Seiswaveni~, `gansazRvrebaY~, `ganGinebaY~ da

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samecnieroY~ `iotas~ msgavsi pirobiTi niSnebia, romlebic `kidesa stiqonisasa~, anu naweris gaswvriv aSiis im nawilSi keTdeba, romelic uSualod teqsts asdevs. am SemTxvevaSi termin `kides~ ufro viwro mniSvneloba aqvs, vidre im kon­teqstebSi, sadac is aSias aRniSnavs.

viwro gagebiT `kideze~ (`kidesa stiqonisasa~) keTdeba sagangebo aRniSvnebi komentatorisa, mTargmnelisa Tu gad­amwerisa, romlebic teqstis romelime nawilis an konkret­uli sityvis vizualurad gamokveTas isaxavs miznad. farTo gagebiT `kideze~, rac `pativis~ sinonomia (e. i. udris aSias) ki `saWiroYsa sityKs Targmani~ iwereba, anu komentatoris, mTargmnelis Tu gadamweris, sityvieri komentari, ganmarte­ba Tavsdeba. efrem mcire `gardamocemis~ winasityvaobis im nawilSi, sadac xelnaweris kideebze miweril `Seiswaves~, `gansazRvrebas~, `ganGinebas~ da `samecnieros~ ganasxvavebs `pativTa zeda~ miwerili `saWiroYsa sityKsa Targmanisgan~, faqtobrivad Txzulebis komentirebis or ZiriTad saxes gamoyofs. erTia sityvieri komentari, romelSic teqstTan dakavSirebuli mravali sakiTxi SeiZleba iyos ganxiluli (`saWiroYsa sityKs Targmani~, romelic `pativTa zeda~ iwer­eba) da meorea TvalsaGinoebiTi komentari, teqstis ama Tu im adgilis vizualurad gamosayofad, misaniSneblad gamiznul pirobiT niSnebi, romlebic `kidesa stiqonisasa~ daismis.

`saWiroYsa sityKs gamosaTargmaneblad~ gankuTvnili ad­gili anu `pativi~ da aSia xSirad, roca komentari vrceli araa da imave gverdze Tavsdeba, erTmaneTs emTxveva. amitom­acaa efremis anderZSi `pativi~ aSiis sinonimi, magram roca komentari vrcelia da imave gverdze ar eteva, ̀ pativi~ aSias ar udris. m. surgulaZe uTiTebs erT­erT xelnawers (Q105), romlis gadamweri SeniSnavs: `ese qaRaldi misTKs davagde, dedas asre sWirda da TTuenis dasawyisis pativi ars~ . sur­gulaZe, 1978, 61). `TTuenis dasawyisis pativi, `TTvenis~ da­sawyisis komentarisaTvis gankuTvnili adgilia, romelic sididis gamo xelnaweris im gverdis aSiaze ver dateula da meore gverdic dauWeria. rogorc m. surgulaZe aRni­Snavs, `xelnawerSi am warweras mosdevs sruliad dauwer­eli gverd­naxevari. ase rom pativi am SemTxvevaSi niSnavs ara mxolod kides, aramed saerTod dauwerel Tavisufal adgils~ (surgulaZe, 1978, 61). mkvlevaris am savsebiT swor

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daskvnas Gveni mxriT mxolod imas davZendiT, rom SesaZloa `pativi~ sagangebod komentaris dasawerad gankuTvnili ad­gilis aRmniSvneli termini iyos, rasac gvafiqrebinebs am sityvis Tavdapirveli Sinaarsic.

paleografiuli terminis mniSvnelobiT am sityvis xmarebis sul ramdenime SemTxvevaa dadasturebuli: `gar­damocemis~ efremiseuli Targmanis winasityvaobaSi (A24, 3r), vanis saxarebis anderZSi, (A1335, 266v); Q105 xelnaweris gadamweris anderZSi, romelsac ganixilavs m. surgulaZe alaverdis oTxTavis (A484) gadamweris anderZSi, romelsac imowmebs i. abulaZe Tavis `Zveli qarTuli enis leqsikonSi~ am sityvis ganmartebisas da Ath.18 xelnawerSi dacul pav­les epistoleTa Targmanebze darTul efremis anderZSi, sadac orjer vxvdebiT am termins. yvela zemoT GamoTvlil SemTxvevaSi ̀ pativi~ aRniSnavs xelnaweris gverdis garkveul nawils.

rogorc miuTiTeben, `pativi~ sparsuli warmoSobis si­tyvaa (javaxiSvili, 1949, 138; 1982, 262­264; xaJomia, 1969, 227; surgulaZe, 1978, 60; andronikaSvili, 1966) da niSnavs Tavsaburavs, Sublsakravs. gviandel sparsulSi Tanamde­bobis aRmniSvneli terminicaa. Tavsaxuravis mniSvnelobiT es sityva Zvel qarTul werilobiT ZeglebSic gvxvdeba. kerZod, ieremias winaswarmetyvelebis qarTuli Targmanis erT­erT XI saukunis ierusalimur nusxaSi: `da pativni da aRsapyrobelni da gKrgKni... wariRes~ (danelia, 1992, 214), xolo gelaTur xelnawerSi sityva `pativi~ Secvlilia misi sinonimiT `xKrebiT~: da xKrebi da sapyrobileebi da gKrg­Kni... warixunes~. sabas ganmartebiT `xKri samRvdelo Tavsax­uravia~ (saba, 1993, 436). rogorc Gans, is sityva, romel­ic Tavisuflad Secvales gelaTur bibliaSi xKriT, aseve samRvdelo Tavsaxuravis aRmniSvneli unda yofiliyo. e. i. pativi am konteqstSi niSnavs samRvdelo Tavsaxuravs, sam­kauls. xolo samkaulis aRmniSvneli sityvis paleografiul termin `pativTan~ dakavSireba semantikurad savsebiT dasaSvebia, radganac komentari, romelic ZiriTad teqst­Tan SedarebiT wvrili xeliT (`meoriTa sityKTa~) svetebad iyo naweri, erTgvarad alamazebda, amkobda xelnawers da garkveulwilad dekoratiuli daniSnuleba hqonda. amde­nad SeiZleboda Tavsamkaulis aRmniSvnelis sityva `pativi~,

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xelnaweris samkaulad qceul moTxviTad mowerili komen­tarebis dasaweri adgilis aRmniSvneli gamxdariyo. efremis anderZebis mixedviTac termini `pativi~ xelnaweris gver­dis is nawilia, romelic naweris oTxive mxares dauwere­lad aris datovebuli da romelzedac iwereba mTargmnelis an gadamweris sityvieri komentari. xolo `kides~ efremis anderZebis mixedviT ori mniSvneloba aqvs: a) `kide~ udris aSias da b) `kide~ udris naweris gaswvriv marcxniv da mar-jvniv darGenil viwro zols. kidea, agreTve, svetebs Soris moqceuli viwro aswvrivi zolic.

rogorc aRvniSneT, efrem mcire ioane damaskelis `gar­damocemis~ winasityvaobaSi, sadac erTmaneTs upirispirebs kideze da pativze miweril SeniSvnebs, Txzulebis komentare­bis or wess gulisxmobs. `pativTa zeda~ warwerili `saWi­roYsa sityKs Targmani _ mTargmnelis sityvieri komentaria, xolo kideTa zeda warwerili `Seiswave~, `gansazRvrebaY~, `samecnieroY~ da `ixile~ _ teqstis ama Tu im moankveTis TvalsaGinod gamosakveTad gamiznuli misaTiTebeli pale­ografiuli niSnebia, anu marginaluri niSnebi. Tavisi Targ­manebis `berZnulsa wessa zeda gammarTveli~ efremi aqac bizantiul mwignobarTa kvals mihyveba. swored berZnul manuskriptebSi gvqonda kideebze specialuri daniSnulebis pirobiTi niSnebi ( devreesi, 1954, 30; granstremi, 1960, 10; qajaia, 1969, 32­50; oTxmezuri, 1992, 2009), magaliTad iseTi, rogoric iyo SemoRebuli jer kidev homerosis aleqsan­drieli komentatorebis mier: _ÑβηλÒς, >διπλÁ ¢περιστίκος; > διπλÁ περιεστιγµšνη; ※ − ¢στερίκος µετ¦ ο Ñβελοà; ¢ντιστίγµα; . . δου στίγµαι da sxv. (dindorfiusi, 1875, 42). maTs praqtikaSi damkvidrebas aleqsandriel filologs aristarqes miaweren da amitomac am niSnebs aristarqur niSnebs uwodeben (sviti, 1914, 59). rogorc aRvniSneT, es niSnebi homerosis teqs­tis komentirebisaTvis gamoiyeneboda da aRniSnavda masSi Setanil sxvadasxva xasiaTis cvlilebebs. magaliTad, isini aRniSnavdnen poemis teqstSi SecdomiT Setanili striqonis mdebareobas, miuTiTebdnen gadamwerTa mier garyvnil mon­akveTebze, Secdomebze, romlebic homerosis erT­erTi pir­veli komentatoris zenodetisagan momdinareobda da sxv. e. i. yvela am niSnis daniSnuleba iyo mkiTxvelis yuradRebis miqceva teqstis ama Tu im monakveTisadmi. maT mimTiTebuli,

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mimaniSnebeli, damxmare mniSvneloba hqondaT. analogiuri daniSnulebis niSnebi saeklesio mwerlobis

TxzulebaTa Semcvel bizantiur xelnawerebSic gvxvdeba, maT ̀ heqsaplarul niSnebs~ (sviti, 1914, 61) uwodeben, radgan isini Tavis `heqsaplebSi~ gamoiyena origenem, romelmac aleqsandrieli gramatikosebis mier SemoRebul niSnebs ram­denime axalic daumata (mag. ˜ lemniskusi, ._ hipolemniskusi da sxv.).

Sua saukuneebis berZenma gadamwerebma SemoiRes mcire zomis sxvadasxva niSnebi da niSanTa sistema, rac teqstis garkveuli adgilisadmi mkiTxvelis yuradRebis misaqcevad iyo gamiznuli da uadvilebda mas saWiro adgilis povnas. aseTia sxvadasxvagvari jvrebi, varskvlavebi (`asteriksebi~), isrebi da sxva paleografiuli niSnebi, romelTa erTi nawi­lis saxelwodeba gadamwerTa SeniSvnebSi aris daculi, me­ore nawilis saxeli ucnobia, magram rogorc r. Smerlingi aRniSnavs, erTi ram cxadia, rom isini teqstis SinaarsTan mimarTebaSi damxmare mniSvnelobisani arian~(Smerlingi, 1967, 69).

e. granstremis dakvirvebiT (granstremi 1960,18), bi­zantielma komentatorebma Tu gadamwerebma daudgeneli mizezebis gamo SeimuSaves specialuri niSnebi grigol na­zianzelis TxzulebaTa komentarebisaTvis, Tumca am niSan­Ta msgavsi sistema ioane oqropiris Txzulebebis Semcvel ramdenime berZnul xelnawerSic dasturdeba (galavarisi, 1969). marginaluri niSnebiT moniSnul adgilebs mkiTxveli gansakuTrebuli yuradRebiT unda mopyroboda.

grigol nazianzelis TxzulebebisaTvis SemoRebuli pirobiT niSanTa es sistema qarTul xelnawerebSic gvxvde­ba. kerZod, efrem mciris mier Targmnili grigol RrmTis­metyvelis 16 homiliis Semcvel zog xelnawerSi (A109,Jer. 43, Jer.15) da A24­Si, romelic ioane damaskelis `dialeqtikisa~ da `gardamocemis~ efrem mcireul Targmanebs Seicavs da S1276-Si, romelic efremis avtografs warmoadgens (metrev­eli, 1959; oTxmezuri, 1995).

aRsaniSnavia, rom Jer. 43, xelnawerSi zandukis Semdeg(4v) am niSnebis grafikuli gamosaxulebani da maTi axsnacaa mocemuli, rac, rogorc Gans, berZnuli dednidan momdin­areobs, radgan niSanTa es sistema da maTi axsnac daculia

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ramdenime berZnul xelnawerSic (mosei, 1981), romelTagan erTs granstremic imowmebs (moskovis saxelmwifo istori­uli muzeumis berZn. xelnaweri #60). es aris pergamentze Sesrulebuli 975 wlis xelnaweri, romelic grigol nazian­zelis Txzulebebs Seicavs da kideebze axlavs mravalricx­ovani sqolioebi. am xelnaweris me­2 gverdze aris swored moTavsebuli komentirebisaTvis gamoyenebuli niSnebis axsna (ix. agreTve, K.and S. Lake,Dated Greek Munuscule Manuscripts to the year 1200 (Monumenta Paleographica Vetera) VI, Boston,1936). T. oTxme­zuris miTiTebiT, am sqolios avtoria VI saukunis anonimi komentatori (oTxmezuri, 1992, 96 da iq miTiTebuli lit­eratura: Ch.Astruc, Remarques de S. Gregoire de Nazianze -Analecta Bolandiana,1974,t.92. Fax.3-4,p.289-295).

Jer. 43 xelnawerSi, rogorc aRvniSneT, teqstSi gamoy­enebuli niSanTa axsna zanduks mosdevs da iseve, rogorc am xelnaweris mravalricxovani sqolioebi, wvrili nusxu­riT aris dawerili. xelnaweris fotopirze niSnebi Zalian cudad gairGeva, magram teqstSi gamoyenebuli niSnebi saSu­alebas gvaZlevs, aRvadginoT maTi grafikuli gamosaxule­bac. niSanTa axsnas win uZRvis singuriT dawerili saTau­ric: `Targmani niSanTa ama[T] [... ... ]~, romelsac mosdevs ganmartebis teqsti:

O `mzisTualis saxe ese niSani ganwesebul ars adgilTa, romelTa Sina RrmTismetyvelebisaTKs metyuHlebdes moZRu­ari, vinaYTgan mzed simarTlisad saxel­edebis RmerTsa wer­ilTa Sina~.

※ `varskulavis saxe ganwesebul ars adgilTa, romelTa Sina Porcielebrivisa gangebulebisaTKs didisa RmrTisa da macxovrisa Guenisa iesu qristessa metyuHlebdes RrmTisme­tyuHli moguTa gamoGinebulisa mis varskulavisaTKs~.

Snri `saswauli ese SuHnierisa ganwesebul ars adgilTa, romelTa Sina metyuHlebaY Seimkvebodis, anu gulisPmissay­ofelobaY aRyuavnebodis, anu orive zeSTa aRematebodis~.

Sswe ̀ Seiswave ese dawesebul ars adgilTa, romelTa Sina ipovebodes ucxoY raYme anu sjulisdebiTi, anu moTxrobi­Ti, anu gamometyuHlebiTi, romlisaY uPms SeswavebaY mkiTxv­elsa~ (Jer. 43, 4v; bregaZe, 1988, 150; oTxmezuri, 1992, 1995):

pirveli niSani `mzisTualis saxe~, (τÕ ¹λιακÒν σηµε‹ον) berZnul astronomiul teqstebSi mzes aRniSnavs da grigol

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nazianzelis TxzulebebSi im adgilas daismis, sadac saubar­ia RmerTze, RmrTismetyvelebaze, RvTaebriobaze, radganac saRrmTo werilSi RmerTi samarTlianobis mzed iwodebao. am niSnis Sesaxeb efrem mcire `gardamocemis~ VIII Tavis (`wmind­isa samebisaTKs~) saTauris gamo gakeTebul SeniSvnaSic aR­niSnavs: `sadaca samebisaTKs Tqumul iyos, yvelgan Suenis da zis berZulTa wignTa ese mzisTualis saxe niSani ara sak­iTxavTa, aramed sagaloebelTaca Sina~(A24,40v; miminoSvili, 1966, 117). Jer. 43­Si es niSnebi Zalian cudad gairGeva, magram erT adgilas TiTqos unda Gandes ̀ mzisTuali, ~ romelic na­zianzelis Txzulebis Semdeg adgils uzis kideze. `viqmneT tkbil, mowyale Tanalmobel; vemsgavsneT saxierebasa meu­fisasa, romeli aRmoubrwyinebs mzesa keTilTa da borotTa da zrdis yovelTa wmidaTa msgavsebiT~(Jer. 43, 10v). am niS­nis xnarebis rva SemTxveva daadastura T. oTxmezurma A109 xelnawerSi (oTxmezuri, 1992).

meore niSania ̀ varskvlavi~ (¢στερίσκος). igi grafikulad ase gamoisaxeba ※. es niSani aRniSnavs iseT adgilebs teqst­Si, sadac laparakia qristes xorcSesxmis Sesaxeb, radganac, rogorc komentatori ganmartavs, es ambavi mogvebs varskv­lavis gamoGinebiT euwyaT.

nazianzelis homiliebis efrem mcireuli Targmanebis Semcvel xelnawerebSi Jer.15 da Jer. 43­Si ramdenjerme gvxvde­ba es niSani da yvelgan iq, sadac Ze RmerTis xorcielebaze, gankacebaze, mis adamianur saqmianobazea laparaki. magali­Tad: `da iqmna TKnier codKsa kac, rameTu uPmda Sobisaca pativis­cemad~ (Jer.15, 203r) kideze didi varskvlavia daxat­uli; `qriste naTel iRebs _ Tana ganvbrwyindeT, qriste daeflvis _ TanaSTavideT, raYTa TanaaRmovideT (Jer. 15, 87r), aqac kideze `asteriskoa~. `qristes Tana swer, qristes Tana aRswon, Tavisa Tana gamocdi, sityKsa Tana hamar­hyof~ (Jer.43,11r; Jer.15,17v) nazianzelis Txzulebis es adgilic var­skvlavis niSniTaa gamoyofili.

mesame niSania `Suenieri~, rac kideze daqaragmebulad (Sn ri) aris miwerili am adgilebis aRsaniSnavad, sadac mety­veleba ganmSvenebulia, Semkulia, `azri ayvavebuli~. erTi sityviT, saqme gvaqvs mxatvruli azrovnebis SemTxvevebTan.

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termini Targmania berZneuli æρα‹ον­­isa, 3* rasac mravali mniSvneloba aqvs, 1. mwife, Semosuli, 2. sruli, davaJkace­buli, 3. Tanadrouli, 4. Sesaferisi, 5. ayvavebuli, kargi. 6. dadgenili, regularuli da sxv. terminisaTvis, rogorc Gans, amosavalia am sityvis mexuTe mniSvneloba (ayvavebuli). es niSani xelnawerebSi Zalian xSirad ixmareba, aq mxolod oriode magaliTs moviyvanT: `da viTarca utkbilesTagan movides Semwuxebelni, egreTve SesawuxebelTagan kualad egnen utkbilesni~(Jer.43,14v) `vin ufroYs ganaTlda naTliTa mecnierebisaYTa da STaixedna siRrmesa sulisasa da RmrTi­sa Tana ganixila RmrTisaTKs, visme aqunda sityuaY umjobesi mTargmaneblad mogonebulTa, vidre arca erTi saeWu iyo misTKs msgavsad mravalTa, viTarmed anu gonebasa sityuaY ara aqus, anu sityuaY ara gonierebad vals, aramed ork­erZove msgavsad saTno iyo~. (Jer.43, 65v) am adgilas kidee­bze SeniSvna `Snri~. e. i. niSani `Suenieri~ zis teqstis im adgilebis mosaniSnad, sadac Txroba mxatvruli saxeebiT xdeba.

meoTxe niSani (Ss we) _ `Seiswave~ Targmania berZnuli si­tyvisa σεµε‹οσαι (II piris forma zmnisa σεµειÒω). am zmnas aqvs ramdenime mniSvneloba. 1. aRniSvna, SeniSvna. 2. med. ax­sna, ganmarteba, 3. med. aRniSne, daixsome. Gvens SemTxvevaSi mas, cxadia, aRniSvnis mniSvneloba aqvs. kideze daqaragme­bulad miwerili `Seiswave~ mkiTxvels mianiSnebs, rom te­qstSi iseT ramezea saubari, romelic misgan gansakuTrebul yuradRebas moiTxovs. amgvari aRniSvnebi Zalian xSirad gvxvdeba qarTul xelnawerebSi, gansakuTrebiT xSirad ki efremis Targmanebis Semcvel nusxebSi. mravalricxovani ma­galiTebidan moviyvanT oriodes: `vieTnime ukuH ityKan, vi­Tarmed pirvel yovelTa dabadebulTa daibades angelozni, viTarca RrmTismetyuHli grigoli ityKs, viTarmed pirve­lad moigona angelozni igi Zalni zecisani da mogonebaY igi saqme iyo~(A24, 53v). am msjelobis gaswvriv mTel sigrZeze kideze Gamowerilia `Seiswave~. an kidev: `raYTa dasabam bor­

3 aRsaniSnavia, rom am berZnul sityvas, romelic monogramis saxiT iwerebo­da berZnuli xelnawerebis kideebze, yovelTvis ar Targmnidnen qarTulad. zogjer es monogramiTve gadmohqondaT, romelic ori asomTavruli asos o da r­sagan Sedgeba. o­s mucelSia r Gasmuli. amis Sesaxeb. ix. l. qajaia, pirobiTi niSnebi qarTul komentarebian xelnawerebSi, paleografiuli Ziebani, II, Tb., 1969. gv. 34­35).

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otisa iqmnebis udebebaY keTilisaY~(Jer.43,12r) kideze aqac `Seiswavea~ miwerili. moyvanili magaliTebidanac naTelia, rom marginaluri niSani `Seiswave~ xazgasmisaTvis, mkiTxv­elis mier dasamaxsovreblad, aRsaniSnavad aris gamoyeneb­uli da daaxloebiT imgvari daniSnuleba aqvs, rac NB-s. `Seiswave~ niSnavs `aRniSne, daimaxsovre, ~ da zemoTmoyvani­li sqolios mixedviT is zis teqstis im adgilebSi, sadac raime dogmaturi (efremiT `sjulisdebiTi~, berZn δÒγµα), istoriuli (`moTxrobiTi~ berZn. ƒστορία) an mxatvruli (`gamometyvelebiTi~) teqsti gvaqvs.

rogorc xelnawerebidan Gans, es simboloebi misaTiTe­beli marginaluri niSnebi iyo, romelebic mkiTxvelis yuradRebas amaxvilebdnen Txzulebis ama Tu im adgilze, erTgvarad xazs usvamdenen, gamokveTdnen, vizualurad gamoyofdnen taqstis ama Tu im monakveTs da amiT garkveul mimarTulebas aZlevdnen mkiTxvels.

rogorc vxedavT, berZnul da qarTul xelnawerebSi kideebze misaTiTebeli niSnebis Tu sityvebis miwera ga­vrcelebuli iyo. zemoT GamoTvlili niSnebis msgavsad, marginalur, mkiTxvelis yuradRebis misaqcev niSans, SeniS­vnas warmoadgens efremis mier `gardamocemis~ winasityvao­baSi dasaxelebuli `Seiswave~, `gansazRvrebaY~ `ganGinebaY~ da `samecnieroY~. zemoT ukve vaGveneT, rom `Seiswave~ berZnuli σηµε‹οσαι­is Targmania da mniSvnelobiT udris `aRniSne, daixsomes ~. `Seiswaves~ msgavasad mimaniSnebeli funqcia aqvT iseT minawerebsac, rogoricaa `gansazRvre­baY~, `ganGinebaY~ da `samecnieroY~, `ixile~, da `Suenieri~, romlebic aseve kideebze keTdeba da mkiTxvelis yuradRe­bas teqstis ama Tu im adgilze amaxvilebs. `gansazRvre­baY~ berZnuli sityvis Ð ÑρισµÒs­is qarTuli Sesatyvisia. am terminis mniSvnelobis axsnaze TviTon efremi migviTiTebs: `gansazRvrebisa Targmani TKT wina gepoebis safilosofo­soTa TavTa Sina meaTequsmeted Tavad~(A24, 3r). marTlac, ioane damaskelis `dialeqtikis~ efremiseul Targmanis me­16 TavSi aseTi gamarteba gvaqvs: `gansazRvrebaY ars sityuaY mokle, sacnaur myofeli bunebasa winamdebarisa saqmisasa. (damaskeli, 1976, 105). da sadac raime cnebis, sagnis an mov­lenis ganmarteba, gansazRvreba, definicia gvaqvs, ioane damaskelis `dialeqtikis~ da `gardamocemis~ xelnawerSi (A

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24) kideze miwerilia ̀ gansazRvrebaY~. magaliTad: ̀ vnebaY ars grZnobadi aRZvraY nebebiTisa Zalisa ocnebasa zeda keTilsa anu borotsa(A24,70v); `ganzraxvaY ars aRZvraY da survili raTasame saqmisa mimarT sityKeriTi~(A24,72r); ̀ moqmedebaY ars bunebiTi Zali da ZvraY TiToeulisa arsebisaY~(A24,73v). aseT SemTxvevebSi kideze yvelgan aris minaweri: `gansazRvrebaY~.

`gansazRvrebis~ msgavsia ̀ ganGinebac~. efremi amis Sesaxe­bac miuTiTebs `gardamocemis~ winasityvaobaSi. `xolo gan­sazRvrebasa da ganGinebasa igive da erTi Zali aqvs~(A24,4r). msgavsi daniSnulebiT ixmareba misaTiTebeli sityvebi `samecnieroY~ da `ixile~.

amrigad, terminebi `Seiswave~, `gansazRvrebaY~, `ganGi­nebaY~. `samecnieroY~, `ixile~ teqstis kideebze gakeTebuli specialuri daniSnulebis marginaluri niSnebia, romelTac mxolod misaTiTebeli, damxmare funqcia akisriaT da mkiTxv­elis yuradRebas amaxvileben Txzulebis ama Tu im adgilze. es niSnebi kideebze keTdeba iseve, rogorc nebismieri sxva pirobiTi niSani, magaliTad: `qanwili~, `Relvavrceli~ (ci­tatis niSani), jvari anu `asterikso~ da `iota~, romelic efremma giorgi aTonelis mier Targmnili `samociqulos~ gasworebuli adgilebis aRsaniSnavad SemoiRo.

unda aRvniSnoT, rom teqstis amgvani damuSaveba, rac efremma bizantieli mwignobrebisagan gadmoiRo, Txzulebis komentirebis erTgvari saxea, radgan sagangebo miTiTebiT komentatori mkiTxvels yuradRebas amaxvilebinebs teqs­tis ama Tu im monakveTze, swored imaze, rac, misi azriT, yvelaze mniSvnelovania da dasamaxsovrebeli.

zemoT moyvanili msjeloba, vfiqrobT, sakmao sabu­Tia imisaTvis, rom davaskvnaT: samecniero literaturaSi xSirad xmarebuli termini `Seiswave~ yovelTvis ar aRni­Snavs mTargmnelis sityvier SeniSvnas, ganmartebas, msjelo­bas teqstTan dakavSirebul ama Tu im sakiTxze. is orgvari Sinaarsisaa. erT SemTxvevaSi, roca `kidesa stiqonisasa~ iw­ereba, is aris misaTiTebeli pirobiTi niSani, xolo roca am sityviT aSiaze moTavsebuli mTargmnelis ganmarteba iwyeba, termini `Seiswave~ mTargmnelis sityvier komentars aRni­Snavs. amitomac aRrevis Tavidan acilebis mizniT, marTe­buli iqneba aSiaze anu `pativTa zeda~ miweril mTargmneli­seul sityvier SeniSvnebs efrem mcirisve sityvebiT `ki-

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deTa warwerili Targmani~ vuwodoT, radgan am SeniSvnebs igive daniSnuleba aqvT, rac dRevandeli gagebiT sqolios da Txzulebas darTul komentarebs gaaGniaT, SesaZlebelia maT aRmniSvnelad zogadad termini sqolio an komentaric, an sqolio-komentaric gamoviyenoT. miT umetes, rom sit­yva sqolios am SinaarsiT Zvel mTargmnelebTanac vxvdeb­iT, xolo sabas ganmartebiT, `sxolio ars wignT Targmani gareSemowerili~(saba, I993, 126).

amrigad, Targmanis komentirebis efrem mciriseul sis­temaSi daniSnulebis TvalsazrisiT gamoiyofa ori tipis komentari: 1) TvalsaGinoebiTi, mimaniSnebeli komentari, anu marginaluri niSnebi da 2) sityvieri, ganmartebiTi ko­mentari, anu mTargmnelis sqolio.

mTargmnelis sityvieri komentaric araa erTgvarovani. sityvier komentarSi, romelsac efremi, rogorc aRvniS­neT, `mTargmnelis mozraxuls~ uwodebs, igulisxmeba ara mxolod `kideTa da pativTa zeda~ warwerili SeniSvnebi, aramed `Tavisa da boloYsa anderZebic~; anu Txzulebas wamZRvarebuli winasityvaobac da boloSi darTuli ander­Zic. mTargmnelis sityvieri komentaris erTgvari saxeobaa teqstSi GarTuli ganmartebebic, sadac mTargmneli rome­lime ucxoenovani sityvis Targmans gvaZlevs, an saxelis etimologias gvixsnis. mTargmnelis amgvari SeniSvnebic, ra Tqma unda, komentaria, mxolod im gansxvavebiT, rom aq, rogorc wesi, mxolod erTi sityvis ganmarteba gvaqvs moce­muli. magram, amis miuxedavad, isic `mTargmnelis mozrax­ulia~, oRond teqstSive GarTuli. aRsaniSnavia, rom aseTi GanarTebi, anu `zedadarTulebi~ da im berZnul dednebSic yofila, romlebiTac sargeblobda efremi. magaliTad, na­zianzelis homiliaTa erT­erT krebulSi Semonxul mTarg­mnelis anderZSi efremi sagangebod aRniSnavs, rom Gemi maswavleblebi mirGevdnen, `raYTa zedadarTuli yoveli da Targmanisagan GarTuli dautero da TKT wmidisa oden sityuaY martod vTargmne~(Jer.43,3r). miuxedavad imisa, rom TargmanSi raimes GarTva ewinaaRmdegeboda mis principebs, efrems wina mTargmnelTa msgavsad zogi ucxoenovani sity­vis ganmarteba teqstSive miucia, anu saTargmni Txzulebi­saTvis `sityua daurTavs~ TviT teqstSi. amgvar SeniSvnebs, anu mTargmneliseul GanarTebs, Gven qarTvel mwignobarTa

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da maT Soris efremis mier xmarebuli terminiT `sityua-darTuliT~ aRvniSnavT da `kideTa zeda warweril~ komen­tarebTan erTad ganvixilavT efremis leqsikur xasiaTis sqolioebis analizis dros.

Tuki zemoT Tqmuls SevajamebT, Gveni kvlevis sfero ase ganisazRvreba. efrem mciris komentatoruli saqmianoba Gans `mTargmnelis mozraxulSi~, romelSic efremi da mas­Tan erTad Gvenc vgulisxmobT:

a) `Tavisa anderZebs~, anu mTargmnelis winasityvaobebs, Ses­aval werilebs;

b) `boloYsa anderZebs~, anu mTargmnelis bolosityvaobebs;

g) `kideTa zeda warweril Targmanebs~, anu sqolioebs;

d) `sityuadarTulebs~, anu teqstSi GarTul mTargmneli­seul SeniSvnebs.

rogorc `mTargmnelis mozraxuli~ yvela anderZi ar SeiZleba iyos erTnairi (zogi vrcelia, zogi Zalian mokle, zogi Txzulebis TargmnasTan dakavSirebul mraval sakiTxs exeba, zogSi ki mxolod mTargmnelis vinaobaa dasaxelebu­li) (metreveli, 1959, 98), aseve erTmaneTisagan gansxvave­bulia rogorc sqolio­komentarebi, iseve `sityuadarTu­lobanic~. amgvari ganmartebebis konstruqciul Tavisebu­rebebs yuradReba miaqcia e. xinTibiZem, romelmac 3 jgufad dayo isini: 1. mTargmneli berZnuli formis ganmartebisas, sityvebiT `romel gamoiTargmanebis~ miuTiTebs mis qar­Tul mniSvnelobaze da Semdeg iZlevTa am sityvis sakuTar etimologiur gaazrebs (eqvTime aToneli). 2. mTargmneli ganmartavs berZnul sityvas qarTuli SesatyvisiT da te­qstSive miuTiTebs: `romel ars~ (giorgi mTawmindeli). 3. mTargmneli berZnul sityvas iqve, gverdiT miuwers Se­sabamis qarTul Targmans da teqstSi sagangebo miTiTebas imaze, rom TargmanebasTan gvaqvs saqme, ar urTavs (efrem mcire da ioane petriwi) (xinTibiZe, 1982, 75­176).

efrem mciris sqolioebic konstruqciulad sami gan­sxvavebuli tipis SeniSvnebi gamoyofa. 1) sqolioTa erTi nawili sxvebTan SedarebiT vrcelia da masSi mTargmneli teqstis TargmnasTan an konkretul adgilTan dakavSire­bul romelime sakiTxs exeba. amgvar sqolios xSirad iwyebs

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sityva `Seiswave~, rasac mosdevs mTargmnelis msjeloba ama Tu im sakiTxze. amitomac am tipis sqolioebs zogadad `Seiswaveebs~ vuwodebT. magaliTebi: `Seiswave, berZulad pitK, xolo qarTulad kicK fiWKsaY (Jer.8,163v); `Seiswave, ram­eTu mamaY didisa basilisi pontoeli iyo~ ( Jer.43); `Seiswave, viTarmed berZenTa eniTa yoveli sityuaY anu mamali aris, anu dedali da yovelTa dabadebulTa casa da queyanasa da zRuasa da raYca raY arian maT Sina nivTTa da mcenareTa da nergTa da yovelsa sityuasa da saxelsa, vnebaTa gina saTnoebaTa anu mamad ityKan, anu dedlad. mamalmyofel sityKsa, gina saxelisa ars oni da dedalmyofeli inni da amaTgan erTi ueWuelad uzis Tavsa sityKsasa anu oni anu ini~(A292,319).

2) aSiaze moTavsebuli SeniSvnebis meore jgufi ucxoen­ovani sityvebis Targmans warmoadgens. ufro xSiria berZnu­li da ebrauli sityvebis Targmna, zogjer mocemulia si­tyvis etimologiis axsnac. am sqolioebSi xSirad ixmareba konstruqcia `romel gamoiTargmanebis~ an berZnuli sit­yva, `gamoiTargmnebis~ qarTulis sityva. amitom am tipis SeniSvnebs `romel gamoiTargmanebis~ tipis sqolioebs vu­wodebT. magaliTad `daesrula Sesavali wignisa amis wmidisa basilisi, romelsa asketikon ewodebis, romel gamoiTarg­manebis samoRvaweoY~ (A689,6v); `rameTu geneTlia Sobisad gamoiTargmanebis (Jer.43,218r); `angelozi qadagad gamoiTarg­manebis, xolo satan eniTa ebraelTaYTa mPdomsa saxel­edebis~(Jer.9,91r). `alKsio, gina apolKsio esreT gamoiTarg­manebis, viTarmed `gansasuenebeli ujaWoY~. `romel gam­oiTargmanebis~ tipis konstruqcia xSiria e. w. saxismetyve­lebiT ganmartebebSi. mTargmnelis amgvari SeniSvnebi efrem mciris mTargmnelobiT Teoriis mixedviT aSiaze unda iyos gakeTebuli. xSir SemTxveaSi es asec aris, magram msgavsi konstruqciis SeniSvnebi xSirad teqstSic gvxvdeba, rasac yovelTvis gadamwerTa TviTnebobiT ver avxsniT. safiqre­belia, rom efremma wina mTargmnelebis msgavsad zogierTi ucxoenovani sityva teqstSive ganmarta.

3. efrem mciris SeniSvnaTa mesame jgufSi erTi sityva axsnilia, ganmartebulia sxva sityviT, an sityvebiT. Sei­Zleba qarTuli sityva, romelic SedarebiT iSviaTad ix­mareboda, aixsnas qarTulive ufro gasagebi sityviT, an

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literaturuli qarTulisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli `wignuri~ sityva, araliteraturuli dialeqturi `sofluri~ sity­viT, an zog SemTxvevaSi ufro gavrcelebuli ucxoenovani sityviTac. am tipis SeniSvnebSi xSiria `ese igi ars~, `romel ars~ an `romelsa ewodebis~ konstruqciebi. Gven maT piro­biTad `ese igi ars~ tipis SeniSvnebs vuwodebT. aqve unda aRiniSnos, rom TargmniTi xasiaTis SeniSvnebis msgavsad am tipis ganmartebiTi SeniSvnebic xSirad teqstSia GarTuli. `sagroba, ese igi ars mgzavroba~ (Jer.43,235r); `omilia, ese igi ars pirispir zraxua~(A292,319r); `msaxurTa dasi, ese igi ars diakonTaY~(Α684,159r).

Tematurad, Sinaarsis mixedviT anu imis mixedviT, Tu ra kuTxiTaa ganmartebuli teqstis esa Tu is adgili, efrem mciris komentarebSi ramdenime jgufi gamoiyofa:

1) Teologiur-filosofiuri xasiaTis SeniSvnebi, axlavs ZiriTadad dionise areopagelis TxzulebaTa korpuss, gr­igol nazianzelis homiliebs, ramdenime aseTi SeniSvna io­ane damaskelis `dialeqtikis~ da `gadamocemis~ Semcvel xelnawerebSic gvxvdeba. am SeniSvnebs didi mniSvneloba aqvT qarTuli filosofiuri terminologiis Gamoyalibebis istoriis warmosaGenad.

2) filologiuri komentarebi, sadac efremi teqstis dadgenis, redaqtirebis, dednebis mopovebis, maTi erTman­eTTan Sejerebis Sesaxeb msjelobs. xSir SemTxvevebSi es Sen­iSvnebi Rrma teqstologiuri kvlevis Sedegebs gvacnoben. aseTi SeniSvnebi erTvis basili didis `samoRvaweo wignis~, efrem asuris `asketikonis~, dionise asoepagelis Txzule­bebis, ioane damaskelis `gardamocemis~, grigol nazianze­lis homiliebis, samociqulos komentarebis efremiseul Targmanebs. isini cxadyofen mTargmnelis mier gaweul se­riozul muSaobas da amasTanave mis did erudicias. SeniSv­naTa am rigSi SeiZleba ganxilul iqnas efremis mier giorgi aTonelis redaqciis `samociqulos~ berZnulTan Sedar­ebis Sedegad dedanTan daaxloebis mizniT Setanili cvli­lebebic, romlebic samociqulos Targmanebis teqstSi mas sagangebod `iotiT~ da `uskuTresiT~ aRuniSnavs. efrems ucvlelad moaqvs gansamartavi muxli `samociqulos~ gior­giseuli Targmanidan, magram radganac `berZenTa ena uf­skrul Rrma ars da igive da erTi adgili mravalsa pirsa

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aRiarebs~(Jer16,1r), e. i. erTi da igive sityva an adgili Tx­zulebisa sxvadasxvagvarad SeiZleba iqnas gagebuli, aman ki SeiZleba gamoiwvios gansamartav teqstsa da mis Targ­manebas Soris sxvaoba, amitom saWiro gamxdara samociqu­los teqstis berZnulTan xelaxali Sedareba da `qarTuli Semsgavsebuli sityKs~ moipoveba ramdenime xvadasxva Targ­manebis (ganmartebis) monacemebis gaTvaliswinebiT. es sityva, rogorc efremi aRniSnavs, `maSinRa ZliT gulisPmaiyofebo­dis, odes samni gina oTxni Targmanni pavlisani da egoden­nive leqsikonni ... . erTad Semovkribni, maSinRa ZliT moupoi qarTuli Semsgavsebuli sityvaY~(Jer16, 1r.) da iqve agrZelebs: `pirvelad samociqulosa sityuasa gamokulevaY una da Se­darebaY da egeTRa Targmansa missa daweraY~ _ es ki wminda filologiuri samuSaoa: sityvis mniSvnelobis dazusteba, berZnulTan Sedareba­Sejereba, ramdenime komentatoris azris gaTvaliswineba da saleqsikono muSaoba. `samociqu­los~ teqstis efremiseul yovel Sesworebas win marTlac amgvari Sromatevadi samuSao uZRvoda. efremi adarebda giorgis Targmans berZnul dedanTan, xSirad ara erTTan, aramed ramdenimesTan, cvlida zogierT sityvas, zogjer si­tyvis gramatikul formas im mizniT, rom qarTul Targmans ufro zustad gadmoeca dednis azri. umetes SemTxvevaSi iqve teqstSi, mas Semdeg rac aRniSnavs, rom giorgis Targmanze usakuTres, anu umjobesi, konteqstisaTvis ufro Sesabamisi esreT arso, asabuTebs cvlilebis Setanis aucileblobas da Sesabamis axsna­ganmartebas iZleva. amgvari msjeloba ki mTargmnelis erTgvari komentaria, SeniSvna, romelic Sesa­Zlebelia `kideTa zeda warweril TargmanTan~ erTad iyos ganxiluli, rogorc `mTargmnelis mozraxuli~, misi naazre­vi, misi kvlevis Sedegad miRebuli daskvnebi.

3) gramatikuli komentarebi efremis sqolioTa erT sakmaod did nawils warmoadgenen da ZiriTadad qarTuli da berZnuli enis `rabamobis~ garkvevas isaxaven miznad. aq efremis interesis sagania arTroni, gramatikuli sqe­sisa da ricxvis kategoriebi, saliteraturo enisa da di­aleqtis urTierTmimarTebis sakiTxi da sxv. efremi arkvevs ra berZnuli enis `rabamobas~, msjelobs gramatikuli sqe­sisa da ricxvis Sesaxeb, calkeuli berZnul sityvebze, polisemiur sityvebze, nasesxobebze, prosodiis niSnebze da

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maTi xmarebis wesebze, berZnul enis fenotikur sistemaSi momxdari cvlilebebis Sesaxeb da sxv.

qarTuli enis `rabamobis~ garkvevas emsaxureba efremis sqolioebi `wigniuri~ da `sofluri~ sityvebis Sesaxeb, `ax­ladmopovebuli sityvebis~ anu neologizmebis Taobaze, `Sedgmuli sityvebis~ anu kompozitTa orTografiis Ses­axeb, zmniswinaTa xmarebisas gasaTvaliswinebel niuansebze, nasesxobebze da sxv. metad mniSvnelovania misi SeniSvnebi punqtuaciisa da sadeklamacio niSnebis gamoyenebis Sesaxeb. efremis gramatikuli xasiaTis `SeiswavebSi~ mraval enaT­mecnierul termins vxvdebiT, romelTac didi mniSvneloba aqvT qarTuli enaTmecnieruli azris istoriisaTvis.

4) leqsikuri xasiaTis komentarebSi mocemulia ama Tu im sityvis mniSvnelobis axsna­ganmarteba an sxvaenovani Targm­ani. mTargmnelis amgvari SeniSvnebi axlavs efremis naTarg­mn TiTqmis yvela Txzulebas, umeteswilad aSiebze, magram arc Tu iSviaTad TviT Targmanis teqstSic.

leqsikiuri komentarebi ori tipisaa: a) TargmniTi ko­mentarebi, sadac romelime ucxoenovani sityvis qarTuli Sesatyvisia mocemuli an piriqiT, qarTuli sityvebis rome­lime ucxoenovani Targmani gvaqvs. b) gamnmartebiTi xasiaTis SeniSvnebi, sadac qarTuli sityvis mniSvneloba qarTulad­vea axsnil­ganmartebuli. TargmniTi xasiaTis sqolioebSi umeteswilad berZnuli sityvebis qarTulad TargmanTan gvaqvs saqme. aris ramdenime ebrauli sityvis qarTuli Ses­atyvisic da oriode laTinuri sityvis Targmanic. qarTuli sityvebis ucxo enaze Targmnis SemTxvevaSic umetesad maTi fardi berZnuli sityvebia moxmobili, iSviaTad gvaqvs somx­uri Sesatyvisic.

ganmartebiTi xasiaTis leqsikologiur sqolioebSi calke gamoiyofa a) sinonimuri Sesatyvisebi anu saliter­aturo enis leqsikuri erTeulis (`wigniuri sityvis~) ar­asalitaraturo sityviT (`sofluri~, `uSueri~) axsnis SemTxvevebi da b)gansazRvrebiTi anu aRweriTi xasiaTis sqo-lioebi, sadac sityvaTa mniSvnelobis axsnis efremiseuli meTodi ganmartebiTi leqsikonebis Sedgenisas gamoyenebu­li principis msgavsia. calke gamoiyofa mTargmnelis img­vari SeniSvnebi, ronlebSic sakuTar saxelTa etimologiuri ganmartebebia mocemuli.

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5) literaturadmcodneobiTi xasiaTis sqolio-komen-tarebSi vgulisxmobT efremis SeniSvnebs qarTuli da bi­zantiuri saeklesio literaturis sakiTxebze, konkretul cnobebs ama Tu im Txzulebis berZnuli dednebisa Tu qar­Tuli Targmanebis Sesaxeb. efremis amgvari cnobebi xSirad metad mniSvnelovania, zogjer unikaluric bizantiuri Tu qarTuli saeklesio mwerlobis calkeuli sakiTxis gada­saWrelad. am jgufSi gamoiyofa qvejgufebi: a) SeniSvnebi, romlebic gvawvdian cnobebs efremis winamorbed da Taname­drove qarTul mTargmnelebze. b) bizantiuri literaturis calkeul sakiTxebze, berZen mwerlebze, calkeul Txzule­bebs da krebulebze. g) SeniSvnebi qarTul­bizantiuri lit­eraturuli urTierTobebis Sesaxeb. aqve SevniSneT, rom gan­sakuTrebiT uxv masalas am mxriv Seicaven efremis anderZebi da Sesavali werilebi, romlebic arsebiTad warmoadgenen erT­erT pirvel mecnierul naSromebs, sadac efremi miuk­erZoebel, mkacr filologad, literaturis istorikosad da kritikosad gvevlineba.

6) miTologiuri komentarebi. efremma Targmna grigol nazianzelis homiliebis miTologiuri pasaJebis gansamar­tavad nones mier dawerili komentarebi (`elinTa zRaproba­ni~, T. oTxmezuri, 1989), garda amisa, mis zogierT Targ­mans aSiebze darTuli aqvs miTologiuri xasiaTis araerTi ganmarteba, romlebSic axsnilia warmarTuli panTeonis Tu antikuri kulturis calkeuli realiebi.

7) teqnikuri xasiaTis minawerebi, sadac mTargmneli Targmnis procesSi wamoWril mraval teqnikur sakiTxs ex­eba, mag: `ese cTomili dedasaca iyo~, an `berZnulad aqa ewera ese Tavi~ da a. S.

Targmanze darTuli yvela saxis komentaris mizani er­Tia. mkiTxvels gauadvilos teqstis gageba, daexmaros Tx­zulebis Sinaarsis sworad gaazrebaSi, miawodos mas auci­lebeli ganmarteba. efremis Rrma rwmeniT, `yovelsa Targ­mansa uPms SematebaY sityKsa, reca ganmacxadeblad Zalisa, ~ romelic mTargmnelTa teqstSi ki ar unda GarTos, aramed sqolioebis saxiT miaweros aSiaze.

efremis sqolio­komentarebi mTargmnelis mozraxul wi­nasityvaveobebTan da anderZebTan erTad mraval saintereso cnobas Seicavs, romelTac didi mniSvneloba aqvT qarTuli

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literaturis istoriis, qarTul­bizantiuri literatu­ruli urTierTobebis, zogjer bizantiuri literaturisa da kulturis istoriisaTvis. mniSvnelovan masalas Seicaven isini qarTuli enis istoriis, leqsikografiis, qarTuli gramatikuli azrovnebis istoriis, Zveli qarTuli filos­ofiuri terminologiis Sesaswavlad. efrem mcire rogorc moazrovne, rogorc filologi, lingvisti, literaturis istorikosi da kritikosi, farTo ganaTlebisa da erudiciis adamiani yvelaze kargad swored mis originalur naazrevSi, naTargmn Txzulebas darTul `mTargmnelis mozraxulSi~ Gans.

efrem mciris mier SemuSavebuli Targmanis komentire­bis principebi TiTqmis Tanamedrove mecnierul donezea. rogorc k. kekeliZe SeniSnavs, `Txzulebani, romelnic misi xelidan gamodiodnen, damuSavebulia sastiki da rTu­li filologiuri meTodebiT. araferi aq ugulvelyofi­li araa, arc dadgena da kritika teqstisa, arc siswore da sinmadvile Targmanisa, arc Sedareba sxvadasxva swav­luli komentatorebis azrebisa. am mxriv, rogorc Segneb­uli mecnieri­mTargmneli, efremi iSviaTi movlenaa Gvens mwerlobaSi~(kekeliZe, 1980, 254). marTlac, efrem mciris Targmanebi aRWurvilia, dRevandeli terminologiiT rom vTqvaT, samecniero-sacnobaro aparatiT. Tanamedrove te­qstologiaSi gaziarebuli ganmartebis Tanaxmad `samecnie-ro­sacnobaro aparati warmoadgens im teqstologiuri xa­siaTis samuSaos fiqsirebas, rasac redaqtori (gamomcemeli) eweva teqstze muSaobis dros _ teqstis Sejereba wyaroebis mixedviT, kanonikuri teqstis dadgena da misi mecnieruli dasabuTeba, variantuli sxvaobebis fiqsireba, daTariRebisa da atribuciisaTvis Gatarebuli kvleva, teqstis ganmarte­ba rogorc lingvisturi, ise istoriul­literaturuli TvalsazrisiT, teqstSi arsebuli yvela saWiro faqtobrivi masalis zusti komentireba _ yvelaferi es Tavis asaxvas poulobs samecniero­sacnobaro aparatSi~(gvaramaZe, 1970, 127­128).

efremis `mozraxulSi~, romelic dRevandeli samecnie­ro­sacnobaro aparatis tolfard Zvel qarTul terminad SeiZleba GaiTvalos, zemoTGamoTvlil yvela saxis komen­tars vxvdebiT, oRond imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom is, rac

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dRes redaqtoris an gamomcemlis funqciad cxaddeba, XI saukuneSi mTargmnel­komentators evaleboda, radgan, garkveulwilad, is iyo swored teqstis gamomcemelic da redaqtoric. efremis saxiT saqme gvaqvs bizantiuri mwer­lobis Zeglebis mecnier mTargmnel­komentatorTan, romel­sac Targmanis komentirebis sagangebo principebi hqonda Gamoyalibebuli.

axali masalebi efrem mciris mier naTargmni Zeglebis bibliografiisTvis. efrem mcire erT­erTi yvelaze nayofi­eri mTargmnelia bizantiuri literaturisa. dRemde aR­nusxulia mis mier naTargmni 50­mde avtoris 130­ze meti Txzuleba, romlebic daculia sxvadasxva drois 160­mde xelnawerSi. efrem mciris mier naTargmni Zeglebis bibli­ografia Seadgina Tamar bregaZem (bregaZe, 1971), romel­mac qarTul xelnawerTa aRwerilobebisa da katalogebis, agreTve uSualod xelnawerebis Seswavlis Sedegad mogvca efremis mier gaweuli muSaobis TiTqmis sruli suraTi. am bibliografiaSi aRniSnulia, sad da romel xelnawerebSia daculi efremis mier Targmnili Txzulebani. efrem mciris Semoqmedebis verc erTi mkvlevari gverds ver auvlis T. bregaZis am Sromas, magram TviTon mkvlevaric bibli­ografiis Sesaval nawilSi aRniSnavs, `rasakvirvelia, Sroma ver iqneba sruli. droTa ganmavlobaSi mas daemateba axali xelnawerebi da SeiZleba jer kidev ucnobi Targmanebic efrem mcirisa~ (bregaZe, 1971, 429).

marTlac, efrem mciris naTargmni Zeglebis Semcveli xelnawerebis Seswavlisas aRmoGnda kidev ramdenime Tx­zuleba, romelTa mTargmnelad dasaxelebulia efrem mcire. xelnawerebSi am TxzulebaTa mTargmnelis Sesaxeb daculi cnobebi miT ufro mniSvnelovania, rom maTi qarTulad mTargmnelis vinaoba aqamde cnobili ar iyo.

ierusalimis qarTuli xelnawerebis fotopirebis Ses­wavlis dros Gveni yuradReba miiqcia berZnuli sapatri­arqos qarTuli wignTsacavis N30 xelnawerma (bleikis aRw., N24 maris, N126), romelic XII­XIII saukuneebiT TariRdeba da warmoadgens sadResaswaulo homiliebis krebuls. masSi Sesulia sxvadasxva mTargmnelis mier qarTulad gadmoRe­buli sxvadasxva avtoris 23 Txzuleba. xelnawers boloSi

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(261r) darTuli aqvs zanduki, romelSic GamoTvlilia kre­bulSi Setanili Txzulebani da zogierTi sakiTxavis sa­Tauris gaswvriv miwerilia mTargmnelis saxeli. kerZod, zanduki asaxelebs 12 homiliis qarTulad mTargmnels: ori Txzuleba miGneulia eqvTime aTonelis naTargmnad, erTi _ giorgi mTawmidlis da cxra ki efrem mciris Targmanad. (TvalTvaZe, 1987), romelTagan Svidis efremis mier Targmna eWvs ar iwvevs. isini udavod efremis naTargmnia da amis Sesaxeb aRniSnulia samecniero literaturaSic. rac Seexeba danarGen ors, es Txzulebebia: krebulSi pirvel statiad Setanili sakiTxavi andria ieruslimelisa `SobisaTKs yov­ladwmidisa RvTismSoblisa maradis qalwulisa mariamisa~(1r-12r) da krebulis rigiT meore Txzuleba ioane oqropiris homilia `dResaswaulsa juarTa aRpyrobisasa~(12r -17v), rom­lebic zandukis mixedviT miewereba efrems (`Targmnili efremisi~267r).

samecniero literaturaSi andria ierusalimelis am sak­iTxavis mTargmnelis Sesaxeb cnobebi ara gvaqvs (kekeliZe, et. V, 14). amdenad, XII­XIII saukunis krebulis Semdgenlis Tu gadamweris cnoba am Txzulebebis mTargmnelis Sesaxeb erTob sayuradReboa, miT umetes, rom rogorc gairkva (TvalTvaZe, 1987), misi msgavsi xasiaTis cnobebi TiTqmis yovelTvis utyuaria da sando.

rac Seexeba ioane oqropiris `juarTa aRpyrobis sakiTx­avs~, arsebobs misi sami Targmani: Zveli redaqcia ori Targ­maniT da metafrasuli, romelic aris Sesuli swored Jer. 30 xelnawerSi. k. kekeliZe Tavis naSromSi `ucxo avtorebi Zvel qarTul mwerlobaSi~ am sakiTxavis mTargmnelebs ar uTiTebs (kekeliZe, et. V, 76). efrem mciris avtografuli xelnaweris (S1276) Seswavlis Sedegad e. metrevelma gamoTqva varaudi, rom ioane oqropiris jvarTa aRpyrobis sakiTxavi SesaZloa efrem mciris Targmani iyos (metreveli, 1959, (T. bregaZe, 1971, gv. 452­454) albaT im mosazrebiT, rom S1276 xelnaweris arapirdapiri 124). magram T. bregaZes es Txzuleba efremis na­Targmni Zeglebis bibliografiaSi ar Seutania (bregaZe, 1971, 452­454), albaT im mosazrebiT, rom S 1276 xelnaweris ara­pirdapiri cnoba sakmarisad ar GaTvala Targmanis efremisad misaGnevad. e. metrevelis gamoTqmul varauds adasturebs Jer.30 xelnaweris zanduki, romelic am sakiTxavis mTargmne­

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lad efrems miiGnevs. radgan zandukis Semdgeneli Tu gad­amweri ar uSvebs Secdomas arc erTi sxva sakiTxavis mTarg­mnelis dasaxelebis dros (Gven es sagangebod SeviswavleT), misi cnobebi yovelTvis emTxveva sxva xelnawerebis monace­mebs da samecniero literaturaSi gaziarebul mosazrebebs, SeiZleba sarwmunod GavTvaloT zandukis is cnobac, romel­ic andria ierusalimelis `RmrTismSoblis SobisaTKs sak­iTxavis~ da ioane oqropiris `juarTa aRpyrobis sakiTxavis~ mTargmnelad efrem mcires asaxelebs.

amrigad, Jer. 30 xelnaweris zandukis monacemebiT efrem mciris mier naTargmni Zeglebis sias unda daematos kidev ori Txzuleba: 1. andria ierusalimelis `SobisaTvis RmrT­ismSoblisa~, romelic am xelnaweris garda kidev Q336(1r-4r) da Q652(1r-5r) xelnawerSi gvaqvs da 2. ioane oqropiris `juarTa aRpyrobis sakiTxavi~, romelic, ierusalimuri xelnaweris garda, K 4 manuskriptsac Semounaxavs.

Jer. 38 xelnawerSi (XII-XIIIs.), romelic Tavisi Sedge­nilobiT efrem mciris avtografuli xelnaweris S 1276­is msgavsia (rafava, 1990, a, 102­107), metafrasul agiografiul TxzulebebTan erTad Setanilia cnobil bizantiel mwer­alTa sadResaswaulo xasiaTis homiliebic, maT Soris ioane damaskelis sakiTxavi `SobisaTKs RmrTismSoblisa~, romel­sac erTvis mTargmnelis anderZi: `locva yavT, qristesmoy­uareno, ioanesTKs, kKrikes xucisa, romlisa brZanebiTa da warsagebliTa iTargmna sakiTxavi ese efremisagan mcirisa~ (Jer.38, 12r).

ioane damaskelis RvTismSoblis Sobis sakiTxavi efrem mcires naTargmni Zeglebis bibliografiaSi Setanili ar aris (bregaZe, 1971, 450­452). am Txzulebis qarTuli Targmanebis Sesaxeb cnobebs gvawvdis k. kekeliZe Tavis katalogSi ̀ ucxo avtorebSi Zvel qarTul mwerlobaSi~ (kekeliZe, et. V, 66), sadac miTiTebulia am saTauris mqone ori homiliis da­sawyisi da xelnawerebi, romlebSic Senaxulia es Txzuleba. mTargmnelad dasaxelebulia Teofile.

ioane damaskelis `SobisaTKs wmidisa RmrTismSobelisa~, romelsac P.G. 96­e tomis 661­680 gverdebi uWiravs, qar­Tulad ori TargmaniTaa cnobili. erT­erTi, romlis da­sawyisi aseTia: `movediT ukue yovelni tomni... ~, daculia Ath.20 (cag. 29) xelnawerSi (gv. 57­63) da Teofiles Targmans

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warmoadgens. xolo meore, romlis dasawyisia: `movediT yo­velni naTesavni da tomni da yovelni enani ZeTa kacTani~, k. kekeliZis miTiTebiT, oTx xelnawerSia Senaxuli: Jer.23 (gv. 6­12), peterburgis saazio muzeumis qarTuli xelnaweri N150 b, S3648 da gelaT. 4 (gv. 78­86) (kekeliZe, et. V, 66). vfiqrobT, efrem mciris anderZis cnoba, sakmao sabuTi unda iyos ioane damaskelis am homiliis efremis Targmnil ZeglTa rigSi mosaqcevad. miT ufro, rom efremis mier am anderZSi dasaxelebuli ioane kvirikes xucesi cnobilia misi sxva an­derZebidanac (S1276­is andreZebi), romlis `brZanebiTa da warsagebliT~ araerTi Txzuleba uTargmnia efrems. amdenad SeiZleba vTqvaT, rom dRes ioane damaskelis sakiTxavis ̀ So­bisaTKs wmidisa RmrTismSoblisa~ metafrasuli redaqciis qarTulad arsebuli orive versiis mTargmnelis vinaoba cnobilia. aTonur xelnawerSi daculi teqstis mTargmne­lia Teofile, xolo ierusalimur, gelaTur da peterbur­gis saazio muzeumSi dacul xelnawerSi Semonaxuli teqs­tisa _ efrem mcire.

Q92 xelnaweris minaweri efremis naTargmnad acxadebs anastasi antioqelis ̀ kiTxva­migebas vieTme morwmuneTa kac­Ta mimarT, romelTa hkiTxes quemowerilTa sityuaTaTKs~ (Q92,3v-28r.); S 2406 xelnaweris SeniSvnis avtori ki efremis Targmnilad miiGnevs imave avtoris meore Txzulebas `sity­uaY kiTxva­migebiTi saRmrTYsa gulisPmisyofisaTKs~(S 2406, 121­171); erT­erT aTonur xelnawerSi daculi mTargmnelis anderZis GvenebiT (Ath.18) efrem mciris naTargmni Zeglebis sias unda daematos kirile aleqsandrielis mier Sedge­nili egzegetikuri katenebi `pavle Targmaniani~, romelic ramdenime xelnaweriTaa Gvenamde Semonaxuli (Jer. 6, 9, 16, A390, Ath. 18, Q1158) da romelic efremis naTargmni Zegleb­is bibliografiaSi Setanilia rogorc ioane oqropiris Txzuleba(bregaZe, 1971, 464). efrem mcires uTargmnia kir­ile aleqsandrielis erTi epistolec, `sxKsa visme episko­posisa mimarT~, romelic aseve araa Setanili misi naTargmni Zeglebis katalogSi (bregaZe, 1971, 429­460).

xelnawerTa aRwerilobebis damuSavebis dros aRmoGnda efrem mciris Targmanebis Semcveli kidev ramdenime aTeu­li nusxa, romelic araa miTiTebuli efremis naTargmni Ze­glebis bibliografiaSi (TvalTvaZe, 1987, b).

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efremis mozraxuldarTuli Targmanebi da maTi Semcve-li xelnawerebi. rogorc zemoT ukve aRvniSneT, dReisaTvis aRnusxulia efrem mciris mier Targmnili 50­mde avtoris 130­ze meti Txzuleba (bregaZe, 1971, 429­460; TvalTvaZe, 1987a, 108­102; 1987, b, 202­203; xaGiZe, 1991, 137­154). maT did nawils `mTargmnelis mozraxuli~ anderZebi, Sesavali werilebi da sxvadasxva tipis sqolio­komentarebi axlavs. kerZod: mTargmnelis SeniSvnebi erTvis efrem mciris mier Targmnil Semdeg Txzulebebs:

1. basili didis "asketikons" (A 132 , 689);

2. grigol RvTismetyvelis Txzulebebs (A 16, 52, 109, 292, Jer. 8, 13, 15, 43);

3. dionise areopagelis Sromebs (A 110, 163, 189, 684, H 194, S 159);

4. efrem asuris `asketikons~ (A 62, 154, 362, 1115);

5. ioane damaskelis `dialeqtikas~da `gardamocemas~ (A 24, 406, S 1358);

6. Teodorite kvirelis `filoTeon istorias~ (A 682, 689);

7. kasiane hromaelis `TxrobaY wessa da gangebasa egKptisa da aRmosavleTisa monasterTa sakrebulosaTa~(A 154, 166, 682,)

8. `samociqulos~ efremiseul redaqcias (A 137, 677);

9. `samociqulos Targmanebas~ (A 390, Jer. 6, 9, 16, Ath. 18, Q 1158);

10. paladi helenopolelis `lavsaikons”~(A 128, 154, 362, 682).

11. `fsalmunTa Targmanebas~ (Jer. 1, Q 37); 12. hagiografiul Txzulebebs (S 384, K 4, K 5, A 217, S 1276).

TiToorola SeniSvna erTvis efremis naTargmn zogierT sxva Txzulebasac.

radgan Gveni kvlevis sagans swored efremis, rogorc mTargmnelis, `mozraxuli~ kolofonebi da komentarebi warmoadgens, saWirod vcaniT im ZiriTad xelnawerTa mokle aRwerilobis warmodgena, romlebSic efremis SeniSvnebdar­Tuli Targmanebia moTavsebuli.

A 16. grigol RvTismetyvelis TxzulebaTa krebuli. xelnaweri gadawerilia 1737 wels. Seicavs 368 furcels. nusxuri. Sedgeba ori nawilisagan. TiTeul nawils aqvs Tavisi rveulebrivi aRricxva. ff.

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4­281 uWiravs grigol nazianzelis Sromebis eqvTime aToneliseul Targmans, xolo ff. 282­368 ki efrem mciris mier Targmnil Txzule­bebs. xelnawerSi warmodgenilia efremis naTargmni grigolis Svidi Txzuleba (43­e, 99­e, 42­e, 41­e, me­16, me­100­da me­4 homiliebi) da fsevdonones miTologiuri komentarebi. gadamweri pavle mRvdeli (367r). teqsts axlavs vrceli sqolioebi, xelnaweris kideebze miwer­ilia misaTiTebeli sityvebi: `Seiswave~, `ixile~, `SuHnieri~ da sxv. aSiaze moTavsebulia mTargmnelis SeniSvna­komentarebic: 282v, 292r, 324v, 328v, 323v, 326v.

xelnaweri aRwerili aqvT T. Jordanias (Jordania, 1903, 11) da l. quTaTelaZes (A11). misi vrceli aRweriloba mocemulia T. bregaZis mier Sedgenil `grigol nazianzelis TxzulebaTa Semcvel qarTul xelnawerTa aRwerilobaSi~ (bregaZe, 1988, 114­124). aRsaniSnavia, rom krebulSi, romelic grigol nazianzelis Txzulebebis eqvTime aToni­seul (f. 4­281) da efrem mciriseul (f. 282­368) Targmanebs Seicavs, kideze warwerili SeniSvnebi TiToorolaa I nawilSi, xolo II nawilSi ki gacilebiT metia.

A 24. krebuli. 148 furceli, nusxuri. Seicavs 1) ioane damaskelis `wyaros codnisas~: a) `dialeqtika~ (5v-35v), b) `gardamocema~ (36r-137v) 2) miqel sKmeonwmidelis `ioane damaskelis cxovrebas~ (138r-145r). 3) efrem mciris `uwyebaY mizezsa qarTvelTa moqcevisasa, Tu romelTa wignTa Sina moiPsenebis~ (145v-147v). krebuli TariRdeba XI s­is II naxevriT an XII saukunis dasawyisiT. gadanusxulia efrem mciris av­tografidan (147v); mGxrekali baskanaY (94v).

`wyaro codnisas~ I wigns wamZRvarebuli aqvs:a) efrem mciris Sesavali werili `”ese ergasisni Tavni ricxuedni

maT Tana narTauliT TavebiTurT...) 1r-v.b) mesame wignis `gardamocemis~ zanduki da winasityvaoba efrem

mcirisa (`aha, esera, gqonan asni Tavni saeklesioni...) 2v-4r. teqsts ki­deebze miwerili aqvs: `Targmani~, `gansazRvrebaY~, `Seiswaveni~ mTarg­mnelis sqolioebi gvaqvs Semdeg gverdebze: 74v, 92r, 94r, 94v, 105r, 106v, 106v, 107r, 108v, 110r, 136r, 145v.

`wyaro codnisas~ anderZebi gamocemulia ramdenjerme (Jorda­nia, 1892, 215­219; TayaiSvili, 1902, 710­717; gorgaZe, 1926, 182­192; damaskeli, 1976, 66­70; damaskeli, 2000, 23­25). am xelnaweris aSiebze moTavsebuli mTargmnelis sqolioebis nawili pirvelad gamoaqveyna T. Jordaniam (Jordania, 1892, 219); `dialeqtikis~ Targmanze darTuli SeniSvnebi _ m. rafavam (damaskeli, 1976, 105, 111, 118,), xolo `gar­damocemisa~ _ r. miminoSvilma (miminoSvili, 1966, gv. 116­143). rac Seexeba `uwyebaYs”, igi gamocemulia oTxjer. (TayaiSvili, 1891, XXXVII­LVII; Jordania, 1892, 33­37; 47, 53­54, 75­76: yauxGiSvili, 1961, 214­221; bregaZe, 1959).

xelnaweris sruli aRweriloba mocemulia A fondis xelnawerTa aRwerilobis 11 tomSi da ioane damaskelis `dialeqtikis~ m. rafava­seul gamocemaSi.

A 62. xelnaweri gadawerilia 1706 wels. masSi 364 furcelia. nusx­

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uri. Seicavs efrem asuris `asketikons~, axlavs mTargmnelis sqoli­oebi Semdeg gverdebze: 138r (ori SeniSvna), 154r, 188r, 237r, 271r, 310r, 389r, 487r, 350r. efremis am SeniSvnaTa nawili gamoqveynebelia A fondis xelnawerTa aRwerilobis I, 1 tomSi xelnaweris vrcel aRwerilo­basTan erTad. (A11, gv. 211­213).

A 79. XII­XIII saukunis agiografiuli krebuli. 459 f. nusxuri. krebulSi Sesulia efrem mciris Targmnili Txzulebanic. 382r-410r gverdebze moTavsebulia ̀ grigol RvTismetyvelis cxovreba~, romlis aSiebze miwerilia mTargmnelis sqolioebi (407r, 410r).

xelnaweri aRwerili aqvs T. Jordanias (Jordania, 1903, 76­79), T. bregaZes (A11, 266­270.) misi aRweriloba Setanilia gr. nazianze­lis TxzulebaTa Semcveli qarTuli xelnawerebis aRwerilobaSic (bregaZe, 1988, 206­207).

A 90. XIII saukunis xelnaweri, 35 furceli, nusxuri, metafra­suli krebuli, Seicavs dekembrisa da ianvris Tvis agiografiul sakiTxavebs, romelTa nawili efrem mciris naTargmnia. xelnaweris 159v-161v gverdi uWiravs efrem mciris `mozraxuls~: `mosaPsenebeli mcire sKmeonisaTKs loRoTetisa da TxrobaY mizezTa amaT sakiTxavTa TargmnisaTa~, romelic gamosca k. kekeliZem (kekeliZe, et. V, 223­226). xelnaweris vrceli aRweriloba mocemulia A fondis xelnaweri aR­werilobis I tomSi. (A11, 316­325).

A 109. XIII saukunis xelnaweri. teqsti alag­alag gacxovelebulia XVIII s­Si, gansakuTrebiT sqolioebi. 269 f. qaRaldi. nusxuri. Seicavs grigol RvTismetyvelis 19 homiliis efremiseul Targmans. aSiebze axlavs mravalricxovani sqolioebi, romelTa didi nawili berZnuli­danaa naTargmni (kekeliZe, 1980, 267­268). zogjer ganmartebebTan mi­werilia avtoris saxelic. mag.: `maqsime”~ 198v, 200r, 201v, 202r, 221v. te­qsts kideebze axlavs: a) miniSnebani (`ixile~, `SuHnieri~ `Seiswave~ da miTiTeba zRaprobaTa rigze. b) mTargmnelis SeniSvna­komentarebi: 4v, 7v, 11v, 35r, 74r, 87v, 80v, 150r, 194v. kideebze moTavsebuli ganmartebebis erTi nawili dawerilia mkrTali melniT xelnaweris gadamweris mier, meore nawili (SedarebiT mogrZo nusxuriT da muqi feris melniT) dawerili unda iyos sxvis mier, xelnaweris gadaweris Semdeg (daaxl. XIV­XV s­Si). mis mierve unda iyos nawilobriv gacxovelebuli mkr­Tali melniT naweri sqolioebic. gacxovelebis dros daSvebulia Sec­domebi.

xelnaweri aRwerili aqvT T. Jordanias (Jordania, 1903, 123­124), T. bregaZes (A12, gv. 34­41), gaiane alibegaSvils (alibegaSvili, 1973, 117­148). xelnaweri vrclad aRwera T. bregaZem (bregaZe, 1988, 151­158).

A 110. TariRdeba XII saukuniT. 224 f. qaRaldi. warmoadgens di­onise areopagelis Txzulebebis Semcveli XII saukunis ori nakluli, daSlili da gabneuli xelnaweris furclebisagan Sekrul erT mTlian xelnawers. nakluli adgilebi aRdgenilia XVIII saukunis xeliT. ax­lavs mTargmnelis anderZi (98r) da marginaluri SeniSvnebi: (23r, 55v, 67r, 99r, 115r).

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dionise areopagelis Txzulebebs wamZRvarebuli aqvs:a) Sesavali: `SewevniTa uflisa Guenisa iesu qristesiTa winabWe

sityKsa TxrobaY didisa dionKsisTKs da wignTa maTTKs mis mier aRwer­ilTa~ (1r-2v) (lolaSvili, 1973, 107­116; misive, 1983, 70­77).

b) xelnawerSi Semavali xuTive wignis saerTo zanduki: `sacnaur iyavn, viTarmed xuT wignad ganiyofis erTi ese wigni wmidisa dionK­sisi, xolo TKToeulsa Sina arian Tavni esodeni... ~ (3r).

xelnaweris kideebze moTavsebulia komentarebi, romelic ekuTvnis maqsime aRmsarebels, germane patriarqs am Txzulebisa da komentarebis qarTul enaze mTargmnels efrem mcires.

Txzulebis teqsti da mTargmnelis komentarebi gamocemulia s. enuqaSvilis mier (petre iberieli, 1961). gamocemaSi A 110 xelnaweri A literiTaa aRniSnuli. iambikoebi, romelic am Txzulebas uZRvis gamoqveynebuli aqvT s . yauxGiSvils (yauxGiSvili, 1946, 67­74) da T. kukavas (kukava, 1988). angelozur ZalTa ganamrtebaTa efremiseuli Targmani gamocemulia aqvs a. WumburiZes (WumburiZe, 2001).

xelnaweris vrceli aRweriloba mocemulia yofili saeklesio muzeumis (A) koleqciis xelnawerTa aRwerilobis I tomSi (A12).

A 132. 234 f. nusxuri. ZiriTadi nawili xelnawerisa TariRdeba XII saukuniT. f. 1­4 restavrirebulia XVIII s­Si. Seicavs basili didis `asketikons. ~ aSiebze axlavs mTargmnelis SeniSvna­ganmartebebi:, 10v, 15v 90v, 99v, 131v6v, , 133v, 137v, 139r, 146v, 191v. xelnaweris sruli aRweriloba ix. A fondis xelnawerTa aRwerilobis I tomSi (A12, gv. 148­149). basilis `asketikonis~ qarTuli redaqcia da masze darTuli mTargmnelis SeniSvnebi Seiswavla e. xinTibiZem, masve aqvs micemuli am xelnaweris vrceli aRwerilobac. (xinTibiZe, 1968, 75­80). gamokvl­evaSi A 132 xelnaweri E literiTaa aRniSnuli.

A 137. XIII­XII saukunis xelnaweri. 343 furceli. etrati. nusxuri. Seicavs efrem mciris redaqciis `samociqulos~.

a) `saqme mociqulTa~(2r-97r) (saqm. moc., 1950. gamocemaSi A 137 (xelnaweri G literiTaa aRniSnuli da Sedis redaqciis nusxaTa jgufSi. ix. agreTve, J. gariti, 1955).

b) `kaTolike epistoleni~ (97v-142v) (kaTolike epist., 1956. gamocemaSi A 137 xelnaweri G literiTaa aRniSnuli da Sedis D redaqciis jgufSi).

g) `pavles epistoleni~ (143r-171v) (pavleni, 1974. gamocemaSi A 137 xelnaweri literiTaa aRniSnuli da Sedis D redaqciis jgufSi).

aSiebze gadamweris xeliTve miwerilia sityvaTa ganmarteba 19r, 44v, 119r, 162v, 170r, 173r, 173r(II), 182v, 325r. xelnaweri aRwerili aqvs T. Jordanias(Jordania, 1903). aRweriloba mocemulia A fondis xelnaw­erTa aRwerilobis I tomSi (A12, gv. 161­162) da `samociqulos~ Se­madgeneli wignebis gamocemebSi(ix. zemoT).

A 143. XII saukunis krebuli. 188 f. etrati. daSlili da daziane­buli. nusxuri. Seicavs: a)ioane oqropiris Txzulebebs da 8) paladi helenopolelis ̀ lavsaikonis~ efrem mciriseul Targmans. xelnaweris kideebze mTargmnelis ramdenime SeniSvnaa. gv. 277, 294.

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vrceli aRweriloba mocemulia A fondis xelnawerTa aRwerilo­bis I t. (A 12, 178­134)

A 154. XVIII saukunis asketikuri krebuli. 366 f. dazianebuli. Sei­cavs:

a) efrem asuris `swavlans~ (1v-266r).b) paladi helenopolelis `lavsaikons~ (266r-338r).g) kasiane hromaelis ori Txzulebis efremiseul Targmans.

xelnawers kideebze miwerili aqvs mTargmnelis SeniSvnebi: 16r, 100v, 255r, 309r.

xelnaweris vrceli aRweriloba mocemulia A fondis xelnawerTa aRwerilobis I tomSi (A 12, 215­220).

A 163. XVI saukunis xelnaweri. nusxuri. 508 gverdi. dazianebuli. Seicavs dionise areopagelis Txzulebebs. uZRvis `winabWe sityKsa TxrobaY didisa dionisisTKs da wignTa maTTKs mis mier aRwerilTa~ (gv. 1­10) (lolaSvili, 1973, 107­116; misive 1983, 70­77). xelnaweris yovel gverdze mnusxvelis wvrili xeliT GarGoseburad Semowerilia komentarebi, romlebic ekuTvnis maqsime aRmsarebels, germane patri­arqs da am Txzulebebis qarTvel mTargmnels efrem mcires (gv. 15, 17, 330, 453).

fsevdodionise areopagelis Txzulebebi gamocemulia, sadac am xelnaweris vrceli aRwerilobacaa mocemuli (petre iberieli, 1961, 024­025). gamocemaSi A 163 xelnaweri C literiTaa aRniSnuli.

A 166. 1710 wlis xelnaweri. 622 furceli, nusxuri. Seicavs: a) efrem asuris `asketikons~ (1r-450r); b) paladi helenopolelis `lak­saikons~ (454r-575r); g) kasiane hromaelis `TxrobaY wessa da gangebasa egKptisa da aRmosavleTisa monasterTa sakrebuloTasa~ (575r-588v). teqsts aSiebze axlavs mravali `Seiswave~ da `ixile~. gvxvdeba sqoli­oebic, romlebSic mTargmneli an gadamweri teqstTan dakavSirebul SeniSvnebsa da ganmartebebs iZleva.

xelnaweris vrceli aRweriloba mocemulia A fondis xelnawerTa aRwerilobis 12, tomSi (A12, 248­250).

A 189. XII saukunis krebuli (fragmentebi). 101 furceli. Seicavs dionise areopagelis Txzulebebs. xelnaweris kideebi gacveTilia, amis gamo dazianebulia masze moTavsebuli komentarebi, romlebic ekuTvnis maqsime aRmsarebels, germane patriarqs da am Txzulebebisa da komentarebis qarTvel mTargmnels efrem mcires.

xelnaweris vrceli aRweriloba mocemulia areopagelis Srome­bis gamocemaSi (petre iberieli, 1961) da A fondis xelnawerTa aRwe­rilobaSi (A12, gv. 325­326). gamocemaSi A 189 xelnaweri D literiTaa aRniSnuli.

A 217. XI­XII saukunis krebuli. 152 f. etrati. nusxuri. Tavbolo­nakluli. Seicavs oTx hagiografiul Txzulebas. maT Soris efre­mis `ioane oqropiris cxovreba~“ arasruli saxiT (82r-152v). axlavs mTargmnelis SeniSvnebi: 29r, 35r, 52r, 107r, 114v, 147v. Txzulebis teqsti da mTargmnelis SeniSvnebi dabeWdilia wignSi `Zveli metafrasuli krebulebi~ (goguaZe, 1986). xelnaweris aRweriloba mocemuli aqvs me­

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tafrasuli krebulis gamomcemels n. goguaZes. vrceli aRweriloba gvaqvs A fondis xelnawerTa aRwerilobis I, 3 tomSi (A13, gv. 18­19).

A 272. 1898 wlis xelnaweri. `wlis metafrasi~. Seicavs metafra­sul hagiografiul Txzulebebs, maTgan 19 efremis Targmania, nusxu­ri, 312 gverdi. kideebze axlavs mTargmnelis ramdenime SeniSvna. xe­lnaweris vrceli aRweriloba ix. A fondis xelnawerTa aRwerilobaSi (A13, gv. 137­146).

A 292. grigol RvTismetyvelis TxzulebaTa krebuli, 1800 wlis xelnaweri. mxedruli. 405 furceli, gadamweri ioane oses Ze. es kre­buli gamoirGeva Tavisi sisruliT naziazelis efremiseuli Targma­nebis Semcveli yvela sxva krebulebidan. Seicavs 43 statis, aqedan 17 sityva gvxvdeba efremis Targmanebis Semcvel yvela krebulSi, danarGeni 25 ki mxolod am krebulma Semogvinaxa. sityvebs boloSi erTvis `grigol RvTismetyvelis cxovrebis~ efremiseuli Targmani (386r-403v)

xelnawerSi efrem mciris ramdenime anderZia daculi. 1) `dideba RmerTsa yovlisave srulmyofelsa, rameTu, aha, meo­

reca ganqiqeba ivlianesi srul iqmna, pirvelsave Tana didisa daviT tbelisa miersa, mcirisa efremis mier Targmnili berZnulisagan... ~ 218v. (bregaZe, 1988, 171­172).

2) `sacnaur iyavn, viTarmed ese sakiTxavi qarTulsa Sina ars da esreT iwyebis: „raYsaTKs, Zmano Gemno, udeb iqmneniT . . ~. 289v. (brega­Ze, 1988, 174).

3) `locva hyavT, wmidano, qristes moyuareno, efremisTKs Targ­manisa, romlisa mier meored iTargmna ese sakiTxavi, rameTu netarisa grigori uSkelis mier. . ~ 312r. (bregaZe, 1988, 175).

4) `dideba Senda, wmidao samebao, bunebiT erTo, xolo guamiT samo, Seurwymelad SeerTebulo da ganuyofelad ganyofilo, romel­man jer­iGine meoxebiTa yovladwmidisa RmrTismSobelisa da yovelTa­ve wmidaTa Tana... ~ 329 r-v. (bregaZe, 1988, 180­181).

xelnawers erTvis akrostixi, romlis kidurwerilobaa: `friad moZRurebisa ufskrulTagan sruliTa miT sazomiTa srulqmniliTa Semwe Gemda iqmen dResa ganSjisasa, romlisaTKs gxadi undod mcire efrem~ (404 r-v).

xelnaweris kideebze mravali miniSnebaa: `Seiswave~, `ixile~, `Su­enieri~ `ixile Suenieri~, `ixile saSineli~, `Seiswave gansazRvrebaY~, Txzulebis rigiTi saTvalavis aRmniSvneli asoebi da sxv. aSiebze moTavsebulia mTargmnelis (zogjer gadamweris) mravali Seiswave­SeniSvna, teqstis ama Tu im adgilis ganmarteba: 4r, 6v , 57r, 78v, 87r, 89v, 98r, 110r, 120r, 128r, 129v, 134v, 158r, 163r, 201v, 246r, 251r(sami SeniSvna), 252r, 253, 253r, 253v, 254r, 264r, 268r, 278v, 317r, 319r, 321r, 330v, 332r, 357r, 359v, 360r, 365v, 368,r 375v.

xelnaweri aRwerili aqvT T. Jordanias (Jordania, 1903, 292­295), l. quTaTelaZes (A13, 183­191). sruli aRweriloba mocemuli aqvs T. bregaZes (bregaZe, 1988), romelmac gamoaqveyna mTargmnelis SeniSvne­bic.

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A 362. XVIII saukunis xelnaweri. 367 f. nusxuri, bolonaklu­li. Seicavs efrem asuris `asketons~ da paladi helenopolelis `lavsaikons“~axlavs mTargmnelis SeniSvnebi Semdeg gverdebze: 10v, 16v, 96r, 123r, 134r, 170r, 250r, 307r. (A I, gv.81-87).

A 390. xelnaweri TariRdeba XI saukuniT. 136f. nusxuri, nakluli, Seicavs pavles epistoleTa komentarebis efrem mciriseul Targmans. xelnawerSi gamoyenebulia sxvadasxva pirobiTi niSnebi, maT Soris `iota~ da `usakuTresi~ efremis mier gasworebuli ~samociqulos~ te­qstis aRsaniSnavad. mTargmnelis SeniSvnebi gvaqvs: 23r,33v da 38v­ze. xelnaweri mokled aRwerili aqvs T. Jordanias (Jordania, 1903, 382­384) ix. agreTve A fondis xelnawerTa aRwerilobis I, 4 tomi. pavles epistoleTa Targmanebaze darTul efrem mciris SeniSvnaTa nawili am xelnaweris mixedviT Seiswavla k. daneliam (danelia, 327­335).

A 677. XI saukunis an XII saukunis dasawyisis xelnaweri. etrati. dazianebuli. 245 furceli, nusxuri. Seicavs efrem mciris redaqciis `samociqulos~:

a) saqme mociqulTa, 1r-65v; b) kaTolike epistoleni 66r-100v; g) pavles epistoleni 101r-241r. samociqulos erTvis: 1. e. w. `wamebaTa~ (damowmebul adgilTa) cxrili 242r-243v da 2) anderZi mTargmnelisa (nakluli saxiT) 244r-245v.

xelnaweri pirvelad T. Jordaniam aRwera (Jordania, 1902, 51). misi SedarebiT sruli aRweriloba mocemulia i. abulaZis gamocemul `saqme mociqulTas~ darTul uamokvlevaSi(saqm. mociql., 1950, 028­031).

A 682. XIII­XIV saukunis xelnaweri. 293 f. nusxuri. Seicavs: a) paladi helenopolelis `lavsaikons~ (1r-91v) da Teodorite kKrelis `filoTeon istorias~ (80v-155v), romelsac uZRvis efrem mciris wina­sityvaoba (91v) da erTvis anderZi. xelnaweris kideebze mTargmnelis mravali SeniSvnaa: 97v, 99v, 100,r 101v, 105r, 107r, 113r, 119v, 120r, 141r, 142v, 143v, 149v, 169v, 179v.

xelnaweri aRwerilia T. Jordanias mier. (Jordania, 1963, gv. 154­155). Teodorite kKrelis `filoTeon istoriis~ efremiseuli Targ­mani da masze darTuli mTargmnelis SeniSvnebi Seiwavla viqtoria ju­Relma (juReli, 2008).

A 684. XI saukunis xelnaweri. 203f. Seicavs fsevdo­dionise ar­eopagelis Sromebs. axlavs `Seiswaveebi~, romelTa nawili dabeWdilia T. Jordanias mier Sedgenil saeklesio sazogadoebis xelnawerTa aR­werilobis II tomSi (Jordania, 1903, 156­158). teqsti gamocemulia s. enuqaSvilis mier (petre iberieli, 1961). gamocemaSi A 684 xelnaweri B literiTaa aRniSnuli.

A 689. XII saukunis xelnaweri. nusxuri. (Jordania xels XII sauku­nis dasawyisisad miiGnevs). qaRaldi. 602 gverdi. Tavbolonakluli. gadawerilia or svetad. Secavs: 1) basili didis ̀ asketikons (1r-87v) da 2) Teodorite kKrelis `filoTeon istorias~ (187r-369v). axlavs:

1. mTargmnelis, efrem mciris, anderZi, romelic Seexeba `asketikonis"~qarTulad Targmnis istorias: ̀ sacnaur iyavn, viTarmed:

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umetes aTormetisa wlisa JamTa movelodeniT... ~(187r) (Jordania, 1897, 39­40);

2. efremis Sesavali werili `filoTeon istoriis~ gamo: `amas wignsa ewodebis filoTeon istoriaY, romel ars RvTismoyuarebiTi TxrobaY ~(187r-v). (Jordania, 1897, gv. 40­42).

3. efrem mciris anderZi: `didebaY da madlobaY, pativi da Tayua­niscemaY... ~ (277r-v) (Jordania, 1897, 43; Sdr. misive, 1892, 220).

4. mrvalricxovani sqolio­komentarebi: 43r, 44r, 47v, 73r, 75r, 84r, 111r, 111v, 114r, 115v, 121r, 158r, 187v, 191v, 194r, 195r, 200v, 203r (ori `Ses­wavea"), 208r, 214r, 214v, 228r, 237v, 239r, 245v, 265r, 267v, 268v, 269v, 270r, 298r.

xelnaweri aRwera T. Jordaniam (Jordania, 1903, 164­168) da is efremis avtografad miiGnia. vrceli aRweriloba mocemulia e. xinTi­biZis wignSi `basili kabadokielis `samoRvaweo wignis”~qarTuli redaqciebi ~(xinTibiZe, 1968, 73­74). xelnawerSi gvxvdeba maxvilis niSnebi da komentaris teqstTan damakavSirebeli pirobiTi niSnebi. Teodorite kKrelis `filoTeon istoriis~ efremiseuli Targmani da masze darTuli mTargmnelis SeniSvnebi Seiswavla viqtoria juRelma (juReli, 2008).

A 1115. XI saukunis xelnaweri. 245 f. nakluli, dazianebuli. Sei­cavs efrem asuris `asketikinis~ teqsts. mraval adgilas kideebze aris miniSnebebi: `ixile~, `Seiswave~. mTargmnelis SeniSvna­komentare­bi gvaqvs 60r, 138v, 153v, 208v, 223r ­ze. xelweris aRweriloba mocemulia A fondis xelnawerTa aRwerilobis IV tomSi (A IV, 1954, gv. 11)

A 1338. grigol RvTismetyvelis TxzulebaTa krebuli. 828 f. gadawerilia 1822 wels. teqsts axlavs mravali SeniSvna da sqolio. warmoadgens A 16­is pirs. vrceli aRweriloba ix. T. bregaZis mier Sedgenil gr. naziazelis TxzulebaTa qarTul Targmanebis Semcvel xelnawerTa aRwerilobaSi, (bregaZe, 1988, 125­132), agreTve A fondis xelnawerTa aRwerilobaSi. (A, V, 1955, 412­417).

A 1490. XII­XIII saukunis xelnaweri. 185 f. nusxuri. dazianebuli. Seicavs efrem mciriseul Targmanebs gr. naziazelis Sromebisa. aSiaze moTavsebuli SeniSvnebi restavraciis dros GamouWriaT, ris gamoc maTi wakiTxva gaZnelebulia. SeniSvnebi gvaqvs 70v, 80v, 120r­ze. vrce­li aRweriloba ix. T. bregaZis mier Sedgenil aRwerilobaSi (bregaZe, 1988, 141­14) da A fondis xelnawerTa aRwerilobis V tomSi (A V, 32­34)

S 384. TariRdeba XI saukunis damleviT. 888 f. nakluli. nusxuri. metafrasuli krebuli. Seicavs efrem mciris Targmnil sakiTxavebsac, romelTagan ramdenimes axlavs mTargmnelis anderZic:

1 `ioane oqropiris cxovrebis”~bolos darTuli anderZi: `dide­baY Senda RmerTo, mizezo keTilTao... ~(gv. 121) (goguaZe, 1986, 07).

2) `dimitri Tesalonikelis wamebis~ anderZi: `gevedrebi yovel­Ta, romelnica miemTxKneT wamebasa amas... ~ (gv. 488) (Jordania, 1892, n. goguaZe, 1973, 62).

3) `mina megviptelis wamebis”~anderZi: `mamano! ese wmidisa minaYs wamebaY iyo... ~(gv. 643) (Jordania, 1892, 222).

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4) `grigol sakKrvelmoqmedis cxovrebis anderZi”~ `locva yavT, wmidano RmrTisano, romelnica miemTxvneT... ”~(gv. 728) (S I, 469)

xelnaweris aSiebze efrem mciris ramdenime SeniSvnacaa. gv. 58, 62, 340...

xelnaweris aRweriloba ix. S fondis xelnawerTa aRwerilobis I tomSi. (S I, 462­469).

S 1276. XI­XIII s. metafrasi. 220 furceli. es xelnaweria samecni­ero literaturaSi kargad cnobili nusxaa, radgan misi erTi nawili aRmoGnda efrem mciris avtografi (metreveli, 1959, 115­125). S 1276 aerTianebs sxvadasxva xasiaTisa da sxvadasxva drois or xelnawers. pirveli (1­115 f) ZiriTadad homiletikuri xasiaTisaa da TariRd­eba XI saukunis II naxevriT, II nawili (117­220 f) _ hagiografiuli xa­siaTisaa da XII­XIII saukuneSia gadawerili. xelnaweri Seicavs efrem mciris mier Targmnil Txzulebebs, romelTac axlavs mTargmnelis anderZebi (56r, 80v da 115v) da SeniSvnebi: (1r, 4v, 9v, 12r, 18r, 76v, 78v, 111v, 113v). xelnawerSi Setanili seqtembris Tvis sakiTxavebi gamoce­mulia (goguaZe, 1986). xelnaweri sagangebod Seiswavla e. metrevelma, romelmac mogvca misi vrceli aRwerilobac (metreveli, 1959, 115­125; S II, 136­142)4.

H 194. 183 f. 1812 wlis xelnaweri. nusxuri. dionise areopagelis TxzulebaTa efrem mciriseuli Targmani, romelsac uZRvis `winabWe~ da `zanduki~ (gv. 1­14) xelnaweris aSiebze moTavsebul sqolioTa naw­ili efrem mcires ekuTvnis. (petre iberieli, 1961, 261­263). s. enuqaS­vilis gamocemaSi H 194 xelnaweri E literiTaa aRniSnuli.

xelnaweris aRweriloba mocemulia H koleqciis xelnawerTa aR­werilobis I tomSi da fsevdodionise areopagelis TxzulebaTa qar­Tuli Targmanis gamocemas darTul gamokvlevaSi. (petre iberieli, 1961, 026­029).

Q 37. 1091 wels ioane mTavaraYZis mier gadawerili fsalmunTa Targmanebis xelnaweri. Seicavs 333 furcels. es xelnaweri H 1758­Tan erTad (romelic am nusxis nawilia) srulad Seicavs efremis Targm­nili am egzetikuri Txzulebis pirvel nawils (76­e fsalmunis Targ­manebamde). xelnaweris sruli aRweriloba gvaqvs Q fondis xelnaw­erTa aRwerilobis I tomSi (Q I, 43­44) da H koleqcia xelnawerTa aR­werilobis IV tomSi, sadac mocemulia H 1758 xelnaweris aRweriloba, romelic Q 37­is nawilia. amJamad orive xelnaweri SeerTebulia da 37­e nomriT inaxeba Q koleqciaSi. xelnaweris bolo aRweriloba ekuTvnis m. SaniZes (SaniZe, 1968, 102­103).

Q 1158. XI saukunis xelnaweri. 317 furceli. Tavbolonakluli, aklia SigadaSigac. nusxuri. Seicavs: `saqme mociqulTas Targmanebas~ (1r-101v); `pavles epistoleTa Targmanebas~ (103r-281v); `kaTolike epis­

4 S fondis xelnawerebidan mTargmnelis ramdenime SeniSvna gvaqvs S 1358­Si (XVII­XIX s. krebuli), sadac sxva TxzulebebTan erTad Setanilia efrem mciris Targmnili ioane damaskelis `gardamocema~”; S 2561­Si da S 3639­Si.

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toleTa Targmanebas ~(281v-316r) `saqme mociqulTas Targmanebas~ uZRvis mTargmnelis winasity­

vaoba (`usakuTresTaTKs~) mcired Tavnakluli (1r-v) da erTvis anderZi (101v). mTargmnelis anderZebia 103v da 316 r-ze.

Q 1158 nusxa xelnawerTa isntitutis axal fondSi (Q) SedarebiT gvianaa Semosuli, ris gamoc es xelnaweri ar moxvedrila Q fondis xelnawerTa aRwerilobis ortomeulSi. pirveli cnobebi am xelnawer­isa da masSi daculi efremis anderZebis Sesaxeb gamoaqveyna T. koWlamazaSvilma(koWlamazaSvili, 1995), masve ekuTvnis am manuskrip­tis vrceli aRweriloba da masSi daculi efremis kolofonebis pir­veli publikaciac (koWlamazaSvili, 2003, gv. 338­345). `samociqulos Targamanebis~ efremiseuli Targmanis teqsti gamosacemad moamazada da `mociqulTa saqmis~ ganmartebebi gamoaqveyna e. koWlamazaSvilma (samociqulos ganmarteba, I, teqsti gamosacemad moamzada da winasi­tyvaoba daurTo e. koWlamazaSvilma, Tb., 2000).

K 5. quTaisis saxelmwifo muzeumis xelnaweri XVI saukunisa. 579 f. nusxuri. Seicavs dekembris Tvis metafrasul sakiTxavebs, romelTa erTi nawili efrem mciris Targmnilia. krebulSi bolo Txzulebad (31 dekembris sakiTxavi) Setanilia `cxorebaY melania hromisaY~ efrem mciriseul Targmani, romelsac mosdevs efrem mciris `mozraxuli~ _ `mosaPsenebeli mcire sKmeonisaTvis loRoTetisa da TxrobaY mizezsa amaT sakiTxavTa TargmnisaTa~ (576v-579v). (kekeliZe, et. V, 223­225).

Jer 15* . XIII saukunis xelnaweri. nusxuri. Seicavs fsalmunTa Targ­manebis efremiseuli Targmanis teqsts. Tavnaklulia. 1r-6r uWiravs `Sesavals~, romlis dasawyisi dazianebulia. es xelnaweri erTader­Tia, romelsac Semounaxavs `Sesavlis~ bolo nawili sruli saxiT. `Sesavlis~ teqsti gamoqveynebulia: (TayaiSvili, 1914, 243­269; bleiki, 1926, 159­160; SaniZe, 1968, 77­122). 115 r­ze da 199 r­ze gvaqvs mTargmne­lis `Seiswave~. xelnaweris aRweriloba mocemulia r. bleikis (bleiki, 1924, 12), n. maris (mari, 1955, 9) aRwerilobebSi. xelnaweris fotopiri aRwerili aqvs m. SaniZesac (SaniZe, 1968, 104).

Jer 8 (cag.131, mari 19). grigol RvTismetyvelis TxzulebaTa kre­buli. XII saukunis xelnaweri 192 f. bolonakluli. dazianebuli aqvs kideebi. Seicavs grigol nazianzelis 10 homiliis efrem mciriseul Targmans. xelnaweris kideebze aris miniSnebani: `Seiswave~, `ixile~, `Suenieri~ da mTargmnelis SeniSvna­komentarebi (145r, 163r, 178v, 180r).

xelnaweri aRwerili aqvT a. cagarels (cagareli, 1882, 180, misive, 1886, 98), n. mars (mari, 1955, 49), r. bleiks (bleiki 1924, 27­29). bleiki xelnawers aTariRebs XIII­XIV saukuniT. vrceli aRweriloba mocemuli aqvs T. bregaZes (bregaZe, 1988, 138­140).

Jer 9 ( mari 5). samociqulos Targmaneba. XI­XII s. nusxuri. nakluli. 198 f. gadamweri dosiTe. Seicavs pavles epistoleTa Targmanebis te­

5 ierusalimis da aTonis xelnawerTa nomrebs vuTiTebT bleikis aR­werilobebis mixedviT. frGxilebSi mogvyavs Sesabamisi nomrebi da al. cagarelisa da n. maris aRwerilobebidan.

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qsts. axlavs mTargmnelis `Seiswaveebi~ Semdeg gverdebze: 39r, 119r, 71r, 76r.

xelnaweris vrceli aRweriloba mocemulia r. bleikis (bleiki, 1924, 30) da n. maris mier. (mari, 1955, 11­12). a. cagarelis aRweri­lobaSi es xelnaweri ar moxvedrila. mTargmnelis enobriv­leqsikuri da istoriul­bibliografiuli xasiaTis sqolioni ganxiluli aqvs k. danelias (danelia, 1982, 328­335). masve aqvs mocemuli am xelnaweris mokle aRwerilobac (iqve, gv. 317). am xelnawerSi dadasturelubli mTargmneliseuli SeniSvnebi Seiswavla z. sarjvelaZem (sarjvelaZe, 1984, 227­229).

Jer 13 (cag.128, mari 8). XIII­XIV saukunis xelnaweri, 384 f. Seicavs grigol nazianzelis Txzulebebis efrem mciriseul Targmanebs. Sedgeba ori nawilisagan. I nawilia grigolis 16 homilia, romelsac mosdevs sofron ierusalimelis ̀ sityuaY Sesxmisa wmidisaTKs da didi­sa grigoli RmrTismetyuelisaY~ (250v-277r), xolo II nawili (279r­dan bolomde) warmoadgens grigol RvTismetyvelis am sityvaTa komen­tarebs. ganmartebebi dalagebulia im rigiT, rogoriTac homiliebi. zogierT ganmartebasTan miwerilia avtoris saxeli. xelnaweri nak­lulia. aklia daaxloebiT 45 furceli. gadamweria giorgi qvitireli (277r). erTvis efrem mciris anderZi (250r, da akrostiqi (277v-287v). xelnaweris orive nawilis aSiebze gvxvdeba sxvadasxva miniSnebani da mTargmnelis SeniSvna­ `Seiswaveni~. 48r, 119r, 135r, 137r, 213r, 232v, 241v, 248r, 262r, 269r, 292v, 319r, 344r, 382r, 398v.

xelnaweri aRwerili aqvT a. cagarels (cagareli, 1888, 180; mi­sive, 1894, 22­23), n. mars (mari, 1955, 19­29), r. bleiks (bleiki, 1924, 33­36). bleiki xelnaweris meore nawils qaRaldisa da xelis mixedviT XVII saukuniT aTariRebs, rasac ar eTanxmeba am xelnaweris bolo vrceli aRwerilobis avtori T. bregaZe, romelsac is erTi xeliT (XIII­XIV s.) dawerilad miaGnia (bregaZe, 1988, 159­167)

Jer 15 (cag.99, mari 10). XII saukunis xelnaweri. 282 f. Tavbolonak­luli, nusxuri. Seicavs grigol RvTismetyvelis 17 homiliis da gr­igol xucesis `grigol RmrTismetyelis cxovrebis"~efrem mciriseul Targmans. aSiebze moTavsebulia sqolioebi, romlebic wvrili nusxu­riTaa naweri. sqolioTa didi nawili berZnuli dednidanaa gadmoRebu­li, magram zogierTi SeniSvna aSkarad qarTvel mTargmnels ekuTvnis. kideebze moTavsebulia miniSnebani: `ixile~, `ixile Suenieri~, `ixile ese adgili~, `zRaprobanis~ Tavebis miTiTebani da sxva pirobiTi aR­niSvnebi. komentaris teqstTan dasakavSireblad gamoyenebulia mrav­ali pirobiTi niSani (qajaia, 1969). xelnaweris aRwerili aqvT cagar­els (cagareli, 1892, 171) romelmac is XII­XIV saukuneebiT daTariRa, mars (mari, 1955, 30­32), is xelnawers XIII saukunisad miiGnevda da r. bleiks (bleiki, 1924, 41­42), romelmac igi aseve XIII saukuniT daaTar­iRa. vrceli aRweriloba ekuTvnis T. bregaZes (bregaZe, 1988, 133­138), romelsac xelnaweri XII saukunis nusxad miaGnia.

Jer 16 (cag.138, mari 25). XII saukunis xelnaweri, 280 f. nusxuri. Sei­cavs teqsts da Targmanebebs mociqulTa saqmisa da Svidive kaTolike

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epistolisa. uZRvis efrem mciris anderZi(2r­3v), romelic `samociqu­los Targmanebaze~ mis mier gaweuli Sromis Sesaxeb gvawvdis cnobebs. (bleiki, 1926, 160­166; abulaZe, 1950, 029­031, koWlamazaSvili, 2000, 12­15. misive, 2003, 327­331). axlavs mTargmnelis SeniSvna­komentarebi. xelnaweri aRwerili aqvT a. cagarels (cagareli, 1894, 25­26), n. mars (mari, 1955, 55­62), e. koWlamazaSvils (koWlamazaSvili, 2003, 326­334). mokle aRweriloba mocemuli aqvs k. daneliasac (danelia, 1982, 315­316). `samociqulos Targamanebis~ efremiseuli Targmanis teqsti ga­mosacemad moamazada da `mociqulTa saqmis~ ganmartebebi gamoaqveyna e. koWlamazaSvilma (samociqulos ganmarteba, I, teqsti gamosacemad moamzada da winasityvaoba daurTo e. koWlamazaSvilma, Tb., 2000).

Jer 30 (cag.126, mari 24). sadResaswaulo krebuli 257 f. nusxuri. TariRdeba XII­XIII saukuniT. Seicavs andria ierusalimelis, ioane oqropiris, giorgi nikomidielis epifane kviprelis, gr. RvTismetyv­elis, meTodis, ioane damaskelis, basili didis homiliaTa Targmanebs, romelTa didi nawili efrem mciris Targmania.

xelnawers erTvis zanduki, `SewevniTa RmrTisaYTa zanduki wig­nisa amis, romelsa uwodian sadResaswauloY”~257r. manuskripti aRwer­ili aqvT r. bleiks (bleiki, 1924, 64­67), n. mars (mari, 1955, 52­54) da T. bregaZes (bregaZe, 1988, 201­202).

Jer 38. metafrasuli krebuli. XII­XIII s. 479 f. dazianebuli. sxva sakiTxavebTan erTad Seicavs efrem mciriseul Targmanebsac, romelT­agan zogierTs erTvis mTargmnelis anderZic. (16r). da „Seiswaveni“ 25r, 28v, 34r, 36r, 145v, 153r, 172v, 226v, 408v, 410v.xelnaweri aRwerilia r. blei­kis (bleiki, 1924, 78­82), n. maris (mari, 79­81) da T. bregaZis mier (bre­gaZe, 1988, 208­209). r. bleiki xelnawers aTariRebs XIII­XIV saukuniT.

Jer 43 (mari 34). XII­XIII saukunis xelnaweri. 307 f. Seicavs grigol RvTismetyvelis 17 homilias, `grigol nazianzelis cxovreba~, fsev­donones miTologiur komentarebs da `muPlebi iambikoYs~ efrem mci­riseul Targmans. xelnawers uZRvis:

a) efrem mciris epistole kvirike berisadmi (1r-4r); b) akrostiqi, romlis kidurwerilobaSi ikiTxeba gadamweris saxeli georgi (4r); g) zanduki saeklesioTa aTequsmetTa RmrTismetyuelisa sakiTxavTaY.

d) sqolioebze da teqstSi dasmuli miniSnebebis ganmarteba (`mzi­sTuali~ `varkulavi~, `Suenieri~, `Seiswave~) 4v.

xelnaweris kideebze moTavsebulia komentatorTa vrceli sqo­lioebi, sxvadasxva saxis miTiTebani, mTargmnelis SeniSvnebi. gv. 25r, 51r, 140r, 162r.

xelnaweri aRwerili aqvT r. bleiks (r. bleiki, 1924, gv. 86­90), n, mars (mari, 1955, 71­78) da T. bregaZes (bregaZe, 1988, 144­151). xelna­weris kideebze moTavsebul komentarTa didi nawili berZnuli ded­nidan momdinareobs. igive komentarebi sxva ierusalimur xelnawers (Jer.13) grigolis 16 homiliis Semdeg calke Txzulebebis saxiT aqvs darTuli. (oTxmezuri, 1989, 18­31).

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Ath 18 (cag. 82)6. xelnaweri TariRdeba XV­XVI saukuniT, Seicavs 256 gverds. r. bleikis aRwerilobis mixedviT (bleiki, 1932, 116), naweria odnav moSavo aRmosavlur qaRaldze, SemorGenilia xeze gadakruli yavisferi tyavis ydis mxolod qveda mxare, romelic Semkulia naxate­biT. teqsti naweria nusxuri anbaniT, or svetad. svetSi 35 striqonia. furclis zomaa 34, 0 X 23, 5 sm, nawerisa _ 26, 0 X 18, 0; svetebs So­ris manZili 1, 2 sm. melani Savi, saTaurebi da dasawyisebi singuriT. SemorGenilia rveulebriv paginaciis niSnebi k~a­dan l~b­mde (21­dan 32­mde). Tavnaklulia. xelnaweris Tavsa da boloSi mikerebulia sxva nusxis fragmentebi: 1) 6 furceli aRmosavlur qaRaldze Savi mel­niT, or svetad naweri nusxuri teqsti, svetSi 38 striqoniT, fur­clis zomaa 33, 0 X 23, 0 sm, nawerisa 27, 5 X 17, 0; svetebs Soris manZili 2, 0 sm. TariRdeba XIV­XVII s­iT da warmoadgens Telogiur­filosofiuri xasiaTis Txzulebis fragments. 2) 243­256 gverdebi uWiravs aseve aRmosavlur qaRaldze daweril liturgikuli xasiaTis Txzulebis fragments. teqsti naweria nusxuriT, Savi melniT, erT svetad. svetSi 26 striqoni, furclis zoma 25, 5 X 17, 7 sm, nawerisa _ 20, 0 X 13, 0 sm. mikrofiridan damzadebuli fotopiris paginacia gverdobrivia. xelnaweris ZiriTadi nawili (gv. 13­234) uWiravs pav­le mociqulis epistoleTa komentarebis efrem mciriseul Targmans, romelic Tavnaklulia (iwyeba ebr. 6, 10 muxlis TargmanebiT), erTvis mTargmnelis anderZi (gv 235­238), kirile aleqsandrielis epistole ("moswrafebaY da swavlismoyuarebaY siwmidisa SenisaY... gv. 238­242) da mTargmnelis iambiko (gv. 234­235). aSiebze moTavsebulia marginaluri SeniSvnebi (sqolioebi: gv. 37, 132, 141, 154, 238 da miTiTebani: gv. 86, 88, 121, 129, 132, 151, 152, 166. xelnawerSi. gvxvdeba sasveni niSnebi da pirobiTi aRniSvnebi. mTargmneli _ efrem mcire (gv. 235).

xelnaweri Seicavs Semdeg Txzulebebs:1. grigol noselis `pasuxi equsa maT dReTaTKs~ (fragmenti) gv. 1­127. 2. [pavle mociqulisa wigni ebraelTa mimarT]... Targmani: mravalJam mxi... es axa. . maT aw kualad ... scemisa sityKTa gankurnebaY wylulebaTa, raYTa aRivsnes... gv. 13­108.

SeniSvnebi: 1) ebraelTa mimarT epistoles Targmaneba Tavnak­lulia. iwyeba me­6 Tavis me­10 muxlis TargmanebiT. 2) Targ­manebis bolos aris minaweri teqstSive asomTavruli ̀ ebraelTa mimarT miwera wigni ese italiaYT timoTes mier. muPli R~g, Tav­ni k~b wamebani l~ (gv. 108)

3. pavles mociqulisa wigni timoTes mimarT pirveli~­ pavle mociquli

6 xelnaweri aqamde vrclad ar yofila aRwerili. amitom warmovadgenT mis srul aRwerilobas.

7 fragmentis raoba daadgina e. koWlamazaSvilma, ix. pavles epistoleTa gan­marteba gamokrebuli ioane oqropirisa da sxva wmida mamaTa Txzulebebi­dan Targmnili eqvTime mTawmidelis mier, teqsti gamosacemad moamzada da gamokvleva daurTo e. koWlamazaSvilma, Tb., 2003.

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iesu qristesi, brZanebiTa RmrTisa macxovrisa GuHnisaYTa da uflisa iesu qristes sasoebisa GuenisaYTa, guakurTxen, mamao. GuHlebaY dau­cavs wesi... gv. 110­169.

SeniSvnebi: 1) uZRvis: a) `uwyebaY mizezsa timoTes mimarT pir­velisa epistolisasa~ (gv. 108) da b) `Tavni timoTes pirvelisa ebistolisani~(gv. 109) 2) erTvis minaweri asomTavruliT: `tim­oTes mimarT miwera epistole pavle laodikiaYT, romel ars dedaqalaqi frigKsaY, muPli sz~, Tavni iH~

4. `pavles mociqulisa wigni timoTes mimarT meore~­ pavle mociquli qriste iesuYsi nebiTa RmrTisaYTa aRTqumisa misebr cxorebisa qristes mier, guakurTxen, mamao. aha, esera cxadyo, viTarmed... gv. 169­206.

SeniSvnebi: 1. uZRvis: a) "uwyebaY mizezsa timoTes mimarT meorisa ebistolisasa (gv. 169); b) Tavni timoTes meorisa wignisani" (gv. 170). 2. erTvis minaweri asomTavruliT: "timoTes mimarT meore ebistole miwera hromiT meored raY gankiTxul iyo neronis mier. muPli r~, o~b, Tavni T~. (gv. 206).

5. `pavle mociqulisa wigni tites mimarT~. _ pavle monaY RmrTisa da mociquli qriste iesuYsi sarwmunoebisaebr rGeulTa RmrTisa­Ta da mecnierebiTa WeSmaritisaYTa, romel ars RmrTismsaxurebaY, guakurTxen, mamao, ixile, viTar sazogado hyofs sityuaTa amaT Tavi­sa TKsiTKs... gv. 207­ 227.

SeniSvnebi: 1) uZRvis: a) "`webaY mizezsa tites mimarT ebistolisa­sa (gv. 206), b) "Tavni tites mimarT ebistolisani" (gv. 207). 2) erTvis: "tites mimarT pirvelisa episkoposisa kritelTaYsa mi­wera nikopoliT makedoniisaYT. muPli J'z, Tavni v~ ~ (gv. 227).

6. `pavle mociqulisa wigni filimonis mimarT. ~ ­pavle mociquli qriste iesuYsi da timoTe ZmaY filimons sayuarelsa da TanaSemwesa GuHnsa da apfias dasa da arqiposs Tanamesagresa GuHnsa da saxlisa Senisa krebulTa madli Tquenda da mSKdobaY RmrTisa iesu qristessa, guakurTxen, mamao. myis dasabamsave krulad saxelisdebiTa Tavisa TK­sisaYTa... gv. 228­234.

SeniSvnebi: 1) uZRvis: a) uwyebaY mizezsa filimonis mimarT ebis­tolisani (gv. 227); b) "Tavni filimonis ebistolisani" (gv. 227) 2) erTvis: `filimonis miarT miwera hromiT onisimes monisa, raJams erTgzis gankiTxul iyo neronis mier. muPli lz~, Tavni b~, (gv. 235)

7. `uwyebaY mizezsa wignisa amis mravalTa wignTa erTad~­ viTarmed mociqulisaTa... gv. 235­238.

SeniSvna: warmoadgens efrem mciris anderZs, romelSic mTarg­mneli ganixilavs pavles epistoleTa komentarebis qarTulad gadmoRebis sakiTxs. anderZi gamoqveynebulia (TvalTvaZe, 1989, 220­221) amis Sesaxeb ix. agreTve, d. TvalTvaZe, 1995; anderZis meore publikacia ix. e. koWlamazaSvili 2003, gv. 335­ 338).

8. `wmidisa mamisa GuHnisa kKrile aleqsandriel mTavarepiskoposisaY, romelman Targmnna yovelnive sawinawarmetyuHlono wignni da aRwerna sxuani wignni mravalni, ebistole sxKsa visime ebiskoposisaY mimarT,

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romeli vedrebul iyo misda, raYTamca aRwera mokle TargmanebaY wmidi­sa mociqulisa pavles ebistoleTaY". _ moswrafebaY da swavlismoyuare­baY siwmidisa SenisaY friad mTnda me, wmidao mamao... ~gv. 238­241.

SeniSvnebi: 1) 238­e gverdze aris minaweri nusxuriT. ̀ Targmnili mamisa efTKmesi~

2) epistole daculia kidev erT aTonur xelnawerSi (Ath. 39 bleikiT, 79 cagarliT, sadac is win uZRvis kirile aleqsan­drielis Sromas „mokle TargmanebaY pavles ebistoleTaY (P.G.t. 74 col. 773­1006) (ix. kekeliZe et. V. 87; d. TvalTvaZe, 1989(a), 14­17. epistoles qarTuli Targmanis teqsti gamoqveynebulia (TvalTvaZe, 1995, koWlamazaSvili, 2003, gv. 291­292)

9. paraklitonis fragmenti. wydeba: „winamorbedo mzisa simarTlisao, qristes naTlismcemelo, ioane didebulo, lamparo sulisa Gemi...

SeniSvnebi: I xelnaweri Seicavs pavle mociqulis ebraelTa mi­marT (6, 11 muxlidan), timoTes mimarT I, timoTes mimaroT II, timoTes mimarT da filimonis mimarT epistoleTa Targmanebas. amaTgan timoTes mimarT II, tites da filimonis mimarT episto­leTa Targmanebis teqsti aqamde ar iyo cnobili (ix. danelia, 1983, 315­318) da Senaxulia mxolod am xelnawerSi. II. Targmani ekuTvnis efrem mcires. (ix. kekeliZe 1920, XIX­XXII, an et. XI, 1973, 189­191; misive, 1960, 256­257; misive, petriwis samwerlo moRvaweobidan, promeTe, I, 1918, 66); danelia, 1974, 27­46; danelia, 1983, 296; 386; abulaZe, 1950, 012; misive, Zveli qarTulis leqsikidan, 1959, 162; javaxiSvili, 1949, 38. ; SaniZe, 1965, 253; sarjvelaZe, 1984, 211, 219, 227; koWlamazaSvilma, Tb., 2003). III. xelnaweris aSiebze moTavsebulia: 1) Seiswaveni:

a) "Seiswave, rameTu rva STasaval uwodian wignsa mas origenesgan rva kapatonad dawerilsa, romelsa moiPsenebs wmi­daY epifane kKpreli mTavarebiskoposi, rameTu igive da erTi sityuaY ZuHlTa wignTa rvajer weril ars, raYTa Seatyunes ur­TierTas, pirvelad ebrauli ebrauliTa asoYTa, meored ebrau­li sityuaY berZuliTa asoYTa, mesamed sameocdaaTTaY, meoTxed akKlaYsi, mexuTed ummaxoYsi, meeqused Teodotionisi, meSKded da merved Wursa Sina povnilni igi ieriqos, romelTa saxelebi ucnaur ars Tu vieT Targmnnes~ (gv. 37). b) ̀ Seiswave, rameTu epi­skoposi berZnulisa enisagan zedamxedvelad gamoiTargmanebis" (gv. 132). g) `Seiswave, rameTu romelni igi saWmelTa meginebu­lad qadagebiTa imaxvides, maT ewodebis wvalebaY mmarxvelTaY~ (gv. 141). d) "Seiswave, rameTu berZnulad erT ars saxeli xucisa da moxucebulisaY, xolo amas Targmani cxad­hyofs, Tu aqa mo­ciquli xucessa ityKs, anu Tu moxucebulsa~ (gv. 154). e) ̀ Seiswa-ve, ese igi onisime ars, romeli [JamTa] tertul[ianes... [e]parxo­zisaTa... [ierusale] ms Sina... [Rirs]iqmna wamebiTa srul [yo]fad, miiRo raY misgan GinebaY da mus[rvi]Ta wKvTaYTa~(gv. 230).

2. miTiTebani: kanoni saeklesioY a(gv. 121); kanoni saekle­

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sioY b(gv. 129); kanoni saeklesioY g(gv. 132); kanoni saeklesioY d(gv. 151); kanoni saeklesioY e(gv. 152); kanoni saeklesioY v (gv. 166). `ese Tavi berZnulad aqa iyo~(gv. 86), `xolo qarTulad aqa ars~ (gv. 88) (SeniSvna gakeTebulia albaT iH~ Tavis gamo).

3. iota (Ϟ), romelic aRniSnavs pavles epistoleTa giorgi aToniseul TargmanSi efrem mciris mier Sesworebul adgilebs da teqstSi mis gaswvriv yovelTvis aris sityvebi: `usakuTres ars esreT~. (ix. k. danelia, 1974, gv. 27­46). `iota~ gvxvdeba: gv. 16, 22, 26, 36, 37, 41, 44, 49, 50, 55, 58, 59, 62, 63, 86, 88, 94, 97, 102, 106, 111, 119, 154, 180, 184, 192, 192, 196, 197, 202, 203, 224.

4. aSiaze miwerilia, agreTve, teqstSi gadamweris mier SemTxveviT gamotovebuli sityvebi da winadadebebi, ris aRsa­niSnavadac gamoyenebulia Gamatebis aRmniSvneli sagangebo ni­Sani (gv. 16, 26, 50, 69, 74, 132, 137, 189). IV. xelnawerSi singuriT da asomTavruliT aris gamoyofili zogierTi komentaris avtoris saxeli: Kkumenisi _ gv. 27, 37, 38, 39, 50, 57, 82, 92. ; isidoresi _ gv. 132, 144, 147, 196, 198; . didisa basilisi _ gv. 15; . kKrilesi _ gv. 157. V. nusxaSi gamoyenebulia punqtuaciuri niSnebi: erTwertili, orwertili da samwertili. sami wertili (:.) gamoiyeneba citi­rebuli teqstis mosaniSnadac. VI. minawerebi mxedruliT: `RmerTo, Seiwyale uRirsi xuces­monazoni iakob qarTveli sabralo~ (gv. 1); ` sulo Gemo, sulo aRdeg, raYsa gZinavs: aRsasruli moaxlebula, ganiRKZe, raYTa Segiwyalos Sen [qristeman RmerTman], romeli yovelgan ars da yovelsave aRavsebs ~. minawerebia agreTve gv. 60, 84, 103, 121, 127, 131, 134, 147, 150, 159, 161, 162, 165, 166.

VII. 234­e gverdze moTavsebulia efrem mciris iambiko, romlis ki­durwerilobaa efrem.

esreT uxarin mweralsa da mTargmnelsafurceli igi werad dasasrulisaYraoden ucxoYT saxid TKssa mosrulsaerTiRa biji Sina SemyvanebelimxiarulebiT hmadlobn da aqebn RmerTsa.

amas mosdevs jvris formiT dawerili sityvebi (gv. 235)

T a efrem r ityKs g m a n i

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T a v i IImTargmnelis mozraxuli

`Tavisa da boloYsa anderZebi~

anderZi, a. SaniZis ganmartebiT, aris "wignis bolos mo­Tavsebuli cnoba wignis dawerasTan dakavSirebul garemoe­baTa Sesaxeb, bolosityva. anderZi (avtorisa, mTargmnelisa an gadamwerisa) dRevandeli gagebiT winasityvaobas udris, magram mas wignis bolos aTavsebdnen xolme" (SaniZe, 1946, 84). qarTuli enis ganmartebiTi leqsikonis mixedviTac an­derZi aris "minaweri Zveli xelnawerebis boloSi, romelic Gveulebriv gvamcnobs damweris vinaobas, daweris dros an adgils" (qegl., 1986, 34). amgvari anderZebi erTvis uZveles qarTul xelnawer krebulebs: "sinur mravalTavs", "Satber­dis krebuls", miqel modrekilis "iadagars", eqvTime da giorgi aTonelebis, efrem mciris, arsen iyalToelis, Teo­file xucesmonazonis da sxvaTa Targmanebs.

imis mixedviT, Tu vis ekuTvnis anderZi, misTvis damaxa­siaTebelia ramdenime aucilebeli komponenti. upirveles yovlisa, yvela anderZi iwyeba RvTaebis SeqebiT, rasac Semdeg mosdevs momgeblis, damkveTis an muSaobis proces­Si xelSemwyobi pirebis locva­kurTxeva, moxsenieba saku­Tari Tavisa; Tuki anderZi gadamwerisaa, dasaxelebulia xelnaweris gadaweris TariRi da adgili. avtoris an mTarg­mnelis andeZebSi SeiZleba Segvxvdes sxvadasxvagvari cnobe­bi Txzulebis dawerisa da Targmnis Sesaxeb. anderZi, Gveu­lebriv, mTavrdeba isev RvTaebis qebiT da "momavalTa naTe­savTagan" locva­kurTxevis gamoTxoviT.

amgvari anderZebi, rogorc wesi, wignebs bolos daer­Tvis da zomiTac pataraa. magram qarTul xelnawerebs ax­lavs sxvagvari anderZebic (umTavresad mTargmnelis an av­torisa), romlebic, rogorc e. metreveli aRniSnavs, "Gveu­lebriv Seicaven cnobebs ama Tu im Zeglis Targmnis istori­idan, amJRavneben am Zeglisadmi avtoris damokidebulebas da amasTan dakavSirebiT mis istoriulsa da literatu­rul Tvalsazriss. am rigis anderZebiT xSirad vecnobiT im siZneleebs Tu xelSemwyob pirobebs, romlebic anderZis avtors xvdeboda muSaobis procesSi" (metreveli, 1959, a,

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98). aq, anderZebisTvis damaxasiaTebeli zemoT GamoTvlili aucilebeli komponentebis garda, gvaqvs sakmaod vrceli daxasiaTeba gaweuli muSaobisa, TxzulebasTan dakavSire­bul istoriul­bibliografiuli cnobebi, xSirad saRvTis­metyvelo msjelobac. amgvari anderZebi Gveulebrivi kolo­fonis GarGoebSi ver etevian da ufro mTargmnelis (an av­toris) damoukidebel naSromebs warmoadgenen saTargmnad arGeuli Txzulebis Sesaxeb. xSirad mTargmnelis aseT vr­cel anderZSi mocemulia ara marto Txzulebis Targmnis istoria (vis mier iTargmna, rodis iTargmna, arsebobda Tu ara adre sxva Targmani, ratom iTargmna xelaxala da a. S.), aramed mimoxilulia berZnuli dednebic, mocemulia cnobe­bi berZnul enaze sxvadasxva redaqciaTa arsebobis Sesaxeb da sxv. erTi sityviT, mTargmnelis es anderZebi erTgvari filologiuri naSromebia, romlebic "Tavisi SinaarsiT da daniSnulebiT avtoris (an mTargmnelis) winasityvaobas an bolosityvaobas udris" (metreveli, 1959, a, 98).

qarTuli enis ganmartebiT leqsikonSi winasityva, anu winasityvaoba asea ganmartebuli: "Txzulebis ZiriTadi naw­ilis win moTavsebuli mokle werili (sacnobaro xasiaTisa) dawerili avtoris an redaqtoris mier (qegl, t. VIII, 1122); bolosityva, anu bolosityvaoba ki gansazRvrulia rogorc "wignis bolos darTuli mcire statia, romelic Seicavs wina nawilis Sesaxeb raime ganmartebas // daskvniTi nawili sityvakazmuli mwerlobisa" (qegl, t. I, 096). efrem mciris Targmanebs darTuli "Tavisa da boloYsa anderZebi" swored am tipis winasityvebi da bolosityvebia. isini im mecnieru­li aparatis erT­erT aucilebel komponentad gvevlinebian, romliTac aRWurvilia efremis Targmanebi.

anderZebis erTi nawili wina mTargmnelTa msgavsad efrem mciresac naTargmni Txzulebis bolos, anu "bolosa wignisasa" mouTavsebia. aseTi anderZebi axlavs basili kes­arielis "asketikons" (A689, 187r), grigol RmrTismetyvelis calkeul Txzulebebs (A292v; 215v; 272v; 312r, 329r-v;), zogierT agiografiul Txzulebas (S 1276,8r; 56r,115v; S 384, 242; 318; 364; 488; A 90, 310­314; K 5, 576­579). magram efremis TargmanTa umravlesobas `mTargmnelis mozraxuli~ anderZebi "Tavsa da bolosa wignisasa" uweria e. i. uZRvis winasityvaoba, anu "Tavisa anderZi" da erTvis bolosityvaoba anu "boloYsa an-

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derZi". aseTia:1. ioane damaskelis "wyaro codnisas" Targmani, romel­

sac uZRvis mTargmnelis vrceli winasityvaoba da zanduki (A24,1r-4r; S 1358,8r-11r; A406,1v-7v) da erTvis efremis mokle anderZi (A24,137v);

2. `TargmanebaY fsalmunTaY~, romelsac uZRvis Sesava­li _ `uwyebaY mizezsa da viTarebasa da TxrobaY wessa da saPmarebasa winamdebarisa amis wignisasa, romel ars `Targ­manebaY fsalmunTaY~ (Q37,1r-7v; Jer.1,1r-6r; S1472,1r-4v; A14,1r-4v; Q675,3r-5v) da pirveli wignis bolos8 erTvis mTarmnelis an­derZi (Q37,316v);

3. `samociqulos Targmanebas~ iwyebs Sesavali werili mTargmnelisa, romelic exeba ara mxolod `saqme mociqul­Tas~, aramed epistoleTa Targmanebis sakiTxebsac(Jer.16,1r-2r; A677, 244r-245v) da amTavrebs efremis anderZ­bolos­ityvaoba _ `uwyebaY mizezsa wignisa amis mravalTa wignTa erTad Semokrebulisasa”(Ath.18, 235­238), romelSic mTargm­neli, marTalia, `samociqulos~ erTi nawilis, kerZod, pav­les epistoleTa Targmanebaze msjelobs, magram mTlianad `samociqulos Targmanebis~ qarTulad gadmoRebis sakiTxeb­sac exeba da sxvaTa Soris axsenebs da imowmebs `Tavsa zeda werili uwyebasac~ (ix. amis Sesaxeb qvemoT);

4. Teodorite kvirelis `filoTeon istorias~ win uZRvis mTargmnelis `Tavisa anderZi~ (A689, 187r) da erTvis `boloYsa anderZi”(A689, 277r-v);

5. dionise areopagelis TxzulebaTa Targmans uZRvis `winabWe sityKsa­TxrobaY didisa dionKsisTKs da wignTa maTTKs mis mier aRwerilTa”(A110, 1r-2v; A163, 1­15) da bo­loSi erTvis mTargmnelis anderZ­bolosityvaoba (A110,98r; S159, 174; K416,151 v);

6. grigol nazianzelis sadResaswaulo homiliebis krebuls wamZRvarebuli aqvs mTargmnelis epistole beri kvirikesadmi, romelic am krebulis winasityvaobis magivro­bas swevs. es Sesavali uZRoda albaT grigol RmrTismetyv­elis homiliaTa efremiseuli Targmanebis Semcvel sxva kre­bulebsac (Jer.13, Jer.15), magram isini Tavnaklulia da amitom efremis es winasityvaoba ar SemounaxavT. nazianzelis Te­qvsmetsityvian krebulebs boloSi, rogorc Gans, erTvoda

8 efremis am Sromis II nawili Gvenamde ar Semonaxula

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`boloYsa anderZic~ mTargmnelisa, romelic imave mizeziT dRes mxolod erT krebulSia (Jer. 13, 249 r) Senaxuli.

rogorc vxedavT, efremisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli yofila mTargmnelis mozraxuli anderZebis darTva wignis Tavsa da boloSi. amis Taobaze efremi TviTonac ara erTxel aRni­Snavs: Tavsa da bolosa moqceuli Gemi mozraxuli Seucv­lelad dawereTo. gadamwerebsac SeusrulebiT misi mrav­algzisi Txovna da qarTulma xelnawerebma efrem mciris Targmanebze darTuli mTargmnelis 30 anderZi Semogvinax­es. kerZod:

1. ioane damaskelis "wyaro codnisas ("dialeqtika" da "gardamocema") anderZ­winasityvaoba ("ese ergasisni Tav­ni ricxuedni...") daculia A24(1r-v), S 1358(8r-v), A406(1r-2v) xelnawerebSi (Jordania, 1892, 215­219; rafava, 1976, 66­67; gorgaZe, 1926, 182­192).

2. `gardamocemis~ Targmans boloSi erTvis mTargm­nelis mokle anderZi (`locva yavT, qristes moyuareno, gabrielisTKs, romlisa brZanebiTa iTargmna... ~), romelic mxolod erT xelnawers SemorGa, kerZod XII saukunis nusxas A24(137v) (rafava, 1976, 47)

3. dionise areopagelis TxzulebaTa TargmanebisaTvis efrem mcires waumZRvarebia `winabWe sityKsa _ TxrobaY didisa dionKsisTKs da wignTa maTTKs mis mier aRwerilTa~, romelic dRes or xelnawerSia daculi. A110(1r-2v) da A163 (1­15) (lolaSvili, 1973, 107­116; misive, 1983, 70­77).

4. dionise areopagelis `saRmrToTa saxelTaTKs~ qar­Tuli Targmanis anderZi (`kurTxevaY vrcelTa dionisios oxaTa ieroTeoTurT sam xelnawerSi gvaqvs: A110(98r), S159 (gv. 174) da K416 (151v) (petre iberieli, 1961, gv. 019).

5. grigol nazianzelis Teqvsmetsityviani krebulebis `Tavisa anderZi~ (`bersa kKrikes mcire efrem... ~) erTad­erT ierusalimur xelnawers SemorGenia. kerZod, Jer.43(1r-4r) (bleiki, 1926, 57­172; mari 1955, 71­76; bregaZe, 1988, 147).

6. grigol nazianzelis krebulebis `boloYsa anderZic~ (`didebaY da madlobaY dasabamsa da srulmyofilsa yovelTa keTilTasa... romelman srul yvna aTequsmetni ese saekle­sioni sityuani... ~, aseve erT xelnawerSia Senaxuli: Jer.13 (249r) (bleiki, 1926, 171­172; mari, 1955, 22­23; bregaZe, 1988, 163).

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7. SemogvrGa grigol nazianzelis calkeul Txzulebebs darTuli mTargmnelis ramdenime anderZi. kerZod: efremis anderZi, romelic erTvis ivlianes II gansaqiqebel sityvas boloSi (`dideba RmerTsa yovlisave srulmyofelsa, ram­eTu aha, esera, meoreca ganqiqeba ivlianesi srul iqmna...) A 292, 218v (bregaZe, 1988, 171).

8. anderZi, romelic erTvis grigolis Txzulebas `mim­wodebelTa da aradamTxveulTa mimarT~ (`sacnaur iyavn, viTarmed, ese sakiTxavi qarTulsa Sina ars da esreT iwye­bis...~) A292, 282v (bregaZe, 1988, 174).

9. misive sityvis "evnomianosTa mimarT da RmrTisme­tyvelebisaTKs winaganbWobaY" boloSi darTuli anderZi mTargmnelisa ("locva hyavT, wmidano da qristesmoyuareno, efremisaTKs Targmanisa, romlisa mier meored iTargmna ese sakiTxavi... ") A292,314r (bregaZe, 1988, 175).

10. anderZ­bolosityvaoba nazianzelis TxzulebaTa ko­rpusis Targmanis dasrulebis gamo (`dideba Senda, wmidao samebao, bunebiT erTo, xolo guamiT samo, ... romelman jer­iGine... ~) A292, 331r-v. (bregaZe, 1988, 182).

11. `fsalmunTa Targmanebis~ Sesavali (`uwyebaY mizezsa da viTarebasa da TxrobaY wessa da saPmarebasa winamdebarisa amis wignisasa, romel ars TargmanebaY fsalmunTaY~) Semonax­ulia ramdenime xelnaweriT: Q37(1r-7v); Jer.1(1r-6r); S1472(1r-4v); A14(1r-4v) da Q 677(3r-5v). (SaniZe, 1968, 77­122).

12. fsalmunTa Targmanebis I wignis bolos darTuli mTargmnelis anderZi (`didebaY da pativi, TayuaniscemaY da madli samguamovnebiT cnobilsa da erTarsebiT aRsarebul wmidasa samebasa...) mxolod Q37 xelnawers SemorGa (Q37,316v). (Jordania, 1892, 214).

13. basili kesarielis `asketikonis~ bolos moTavsebu­li anderZi (`sacnaur iyavn, viTarmed, umetes aTormetisa wlisa JamTa movelodeniT patiosnisa mRvdlisa prokopis mier Targmnilsa asketikasa... ~) gvaqvs A689 xelnawerSi (187r) (Jordania, 1897, 39­40; xinTibiZe, 1968, 176).

14. Teodorite kvirelis `filoTeon istoriis~ Sesava­li (`amas wignsa ewodebis filoTeon istoriaY~, romel ars RmrTismoyuarebiTi TxrobaY... ~) A689 (187r-187v) da A682(91v-93v) xelnawerebSi (Jordania, 1897, 40­42).

15. ̀ filoTeon istoriis~ anderZ­bolosityvaoba (`dide­

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baY da madlobaY, pativi da TayuaniscemaY mamasa da Zesa, romelman... srulyo esec wigni mamaTaY locviTa berTa Guen­TaYTa... ~) imave A 689 xelnaweris 277r-v-ze da A 682­is 183v­ze (Jordania, 1892, 220. T. Jordania mas SecdomiT paladi helenopolelis `lavsaikonis~ anderZad miiGnevs).

16. `samociqulos Targmanebis~ anderZ­winasityvaoba (`ese sacnaur iyavn yovelTa, romelni miemTxKneT wmidasa amas wignsa... ~) sam xelnawerSi gvaqvs daculi: Jer.16(2r-3v), fragmentulad A677(244v-245v) da Q 1158(102r-v), (bleiki, 1926, 160­166; saqm. mociqul., 1950, 029­031; mari, 1955, 55­62; koW­lamazaSvili, 2000, 12­15; 2003, 327­331).

17. pavles epistoleTa komentarebze darTuli ander­Zi, `uwyebaY mizezsa amis mravalTa wignTa erTad Semokre­bulisasa~, romelic mTeli `samociqulos TargmanebisTvis~ daweril `boloYsa anderZad~ gvevlineba. igi erTaderT aTonur xelnawerSia daculi (Ath. 18, 235­238; TvalTvaZe, 1989, 220­221).

18. `mociqulTa saqmis Targmanebis~ anderZi (`didebaY da madlobaY dasabamsa da srulebasa yovelTasa arsTasa... ~) erTaderT Q1158 xelnawerSia SemorGenili (Q1158, 101, koW­

lamazaSvili, 1996; 2003, 341). 19. "kaTolike epistoleTa Targmanebis" bolos dar­

Tuli anderZi ("locva yavT andriasTKs xuces­monazonisa, romel yofil ars mwerali berZnulisa amis wignisaY... "), romelic imave Q 1158 xelnawerSia daculi (Q 1158, 316, koW­lamazaSvili, 1996, koWlamazaSvili, 2003, 343).

20. pavles hromaelTa mimarT epistoles TavTa Gami­naTvalze darTuli anderZi mTargmnelisa, romelic mx­olod Q1158 xelnawerSia daculi (Q 1158, 103v, koWlamazaS­vili, 2003, 343­344)

21. `ioane oqropiris cxovrebis~ bolos darTuli an­derZi (`didebaY Senda, RmerTo maRalo, yovelTa keTilTao dasabamo... ~) S384, 121­122 (Jordania, 1892, 221­22; SI,462; goguaZe, 1986, 307­308).

22. `dimitri Tesalonikelis cxovrebis~ anderZi (`geve­drebi yovelTa, romelni miemTxKneT wamebasa amas... ~) S384, gv. 488 (Jordania, 1892, 239; S,I, 465).

23. `mina megKptelis wamebis~ anderZi (`wmidano mamano! ese wmidis minaYs wamebaY iyo Zueladve Targmnili kimenisa­

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gan... ~) S384, 643, (Jordania, 1892, 222); SI,467). 24. grigol noselis `grigol sakKrvelmoqmedis cx­

ovrebis~ bolos darTuli anderZi mTargmnelisa (`locva yavT, wmidano RmrTisano, romelnica miemTxKneT aRwerilsa amas wmidisa grigol noselisasa cxorebasa didisa grigoli sakKrvelTmoqmedisasa... ~) S 384, 728 (Jordania, 1892, 224; S I, 468).

25. miqael sKmeonwmidelis `ioane damaskelis cxovrebis~ boloSi miwerili anderZi (`locva yavT, qristemoyuareno, ioanesTKs mRdelisa da monazonisa, romlisa brZanebiTa vTargmne... ~) daculia sam xelnawerSi S 1276,56r; Jer.38,16r da Sin 91,gv... (kekeliZe, et. VII, g136­177); metreveli, 1959; S I,137).

26. metafrasuli krebulis anderZi `mosaPsenebeli mcire sKmeonisaTKs loRoTetisa da TxrobaY mizezTa amaT sakiTxavTa TargmnisaTa~ A90, 310­314; K4, 576­579 (kekeliZe, et. V, 223­226).

27. mTargmnelis anderZ­minaweri axlavs grigol nose­lis sityvas `SobisaTKs da GGKlTa beTlems mowyuedilTa~ efremis avtografad miGneul xelnawerSi S 1276,80r. (`ufa­lo, Seiwyale mRdeli ioane... ~ metreveli, 1959; S II, 137).

28. epifane kKprelis sakiTxavs ̀ mucladRebisaTKs anaYsa~ (`SemindeviT, sxuaY sakiTxavi mucladRebisaY ver vpoe... ~) S 1276, 56r. (metreveli, 1959, S II, 136).

29. mTargmnelis anderZ­minaweri axlavs sofron ieru­salimelis Txzulebas `sityuaY SesxmisaY wmidisaTKs da didisa grigori RmrTismetyuelisa~ imave S 1276 xelnawerSi 115v­ze. (`ufalo miec madli mamasa iovanes... ~ (metreveli, 1959, 120, S II, 139).

30. mTargmnelis mokle anderZi erTvis ioane damaske­lis sakiTxavs `SobisaTKs RmrTismSoblisa~, romelic Jer.38 xelnawerSia mxolod daculi (`locva yavT, qristesmoy­uareno, ioanesTKs, kKrikes xucisa... ~ 12r). (rafava, 1990, a, 107).

zemoT warmodgenili anderZebis nusxa, SeiZleba iTqvas, efremis originaluri Sromebis sias warmoadgens, radganac am anderZnamagTa didi umravlesoba Tavisuflad SeiZleba GaiTvalos mecnierul filologiur naSromebad.

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`samociqulos Targmanebis~ kolofonebi. efrem mciris mozraxuli anderZebis didi nawilis pirveli gamocema T. Jordanias ekuTvnis, romelmac Tavis "qronikebSi" dabeWda isini. SemdgomSi calkeulma mkvlevrebma efremis naTargmn TxzulebebTan erTad masze darTuli mTargmnelis winasit­yvaoba Tu bolosityvaobac gamoaqveynes (r. bleiki, n. mari, s. gorgaZe, e. metreveli, s. enuqaSvili, e. xinTibiZe, mz. San­iZe, m. rafava, i. lolaSvili, T. bregaZe, n. goguaZe). efremis andreZebis umravlesoba dabeWdilia qarTul xelnawerTa aRwerilobis Sesabamis tomebSi, magram xelnawerTa arc erT aRwerilobaSi ar aris miTiTeba efrem mciris kidev erT anderZze, romelic erTvis pavles epistoleTa komentare­bis efrem mciriseuli qarTuli Targmanis teqsts Ath. 18 xelnawerSi.

sazogadod aTonuri xelnawerebi da kerZod Ath. 18 xelnaweric qarTvel mkvlevarTaTvis bolo xanebamde miu­wvdomeli iyo. r. bleikis da a. cagarlis mier mocemuli aRweriloba am xelnawerebisa Zalian moklea da xSirad mx­olod ZiriTad cnobebs gvawvdis manuskriptis Sesaxeb. amiT aixsneba is garemoeba, rom Ath. 18 xelnaweris Sesaxeb, romelic pavles epistoleTa komentarebis teqsts Sei­cavs, am Zeglis qarTuli Targmanebis mkvlevari prof. k. danelia, romelic miuTiTebs A390, Jer.6,Jer.9 xelnawerebTan erTad am aTonur xelnawerzec, misi mxolod zogadi daxa­siaTebiT kmayofildeba da aRniSnavs: `samwuxarod, am uka­nasknel xelnawerze xeli ar migviwvdebodao~ (danelia, 1983, gv. 318). aTonidan qarTul xelnawerTa mikrofirebis Gamotanis Semdeg SesaZlebeli gaxda am xelnawerebis Seswav­lac. pirveli gamokvleva aTonuri xelnawerebis siaxleebis Sesaxeb dabeWda i. lolaSvilma (lolaSvili, 1982), gamoica xelnawerTa erTi nawilis (sul 18 xelnaweris) vrceli aR­werilobac (aTon. xeln. aRw., 1986), magram GvenTvis saiter­eso xelnaweri maT ricxvSi ar moxvedrila. amitomac vcaniT saWirod warmogvedgina misi sruli aRweriloba da iq da­culi efrem mciris anderZis vrceli analizi.

xelnaweri, romelic r. bleikma XV­XVI saukuniT daaTar­iRa (bleiki, 1932, 116), Seicavs 256 furcels. aqedan pir­veli 6 furceli (gv. 1­12) da bolo 6 furceli (gv. 243­256), romlebic sxva Txzulebis fragmentebia, rogorc Gans, Gak­

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erebulia gvian. gansxvavebulia rogorc xeli, aseve naweris zoma da svetSi striqonTa raodenobac. xelnaweris ZiriT­adi nawili (gv. 13­235) pavle mociqulis epistoleTa komen­tarebis teqsts uWiravs, romelsac mosdevs mTargmnelis, efrem mciris bolo dromde ucnobi anderZi (gv. 235­238; TvalTvaZe1989, 210­221,) anderZs ki Tavis mxriv mohyveba ki­rile aleqsandrielis epistole (gv. 238­242), romelic aseve ucnobi iyo aTonuri xelnawerebis Seswavlamde (TvalTvaZe, 1989, 14­17; 1995, 359­361).

xelnaweri pirvelad a. cagarelma aRwera, romelmac igi 82­e nomriT Seitana Tavis katalogSi (cagareli, 1886, 93) da XIV­XVI saukuniT daaTariRa. a. cagarlis aRweriloba Zalian moklea, igi mxolod ZiriTad cnobebs gvawvdis am xelnaweris Sesaxeb. aRniSnulia, rom xelnaweri Seicavs pavles episto­leTa ganmartebebs, Sesrulebulia qaRaldze, nusxuriT, da rogorc saerTod yvela xelnawers aTonis monastrisa, ma­sac cudi tyavis yda aqvs gadakruli. aRsaniSnavia, rom 1883 wels, roca cagarelma imogzaura aTonze da aRwera iqauri qarTuli siZveleni, am aTonur nusxaSi gverdebis raodenoba naklebi yofila. cagareli uTiTebs 117 furcels (e. i. 234 gverds), anu swored imdens, ramdenic uWiravs xelnaweris ZiriTad Txzulebas _ pavles epistoleTa Targmanebas. Gans, masSi jer kidev ar yofila Gakerebuli is furclebi, rom­lebic sxva Txzulebis fragmentebs warmoadgenen da rom­lebic bleikis mier am xelnaweris aRwerisas ukve am nusxis nawilad aRiqmeboda.

al. cagarlis mokle aRwerilobaSi Txzulebis mTarg­mneli miTiTebuli ar aris. ra Tqma unda, aRwerilobaSi araferia naTqvami arc mTargmnelis anderZze da arc kir­ile aleqsandrielis epistoleze.

xelnaweri SedarebiT sruladaa aqvs aRwerili r. bleiks (bleiki, 1932, 116). manve miuTiTa, rom xelnaweri Seicavs pavle mociqulis epistoleTa Targmanebis teqsts efrem mciris TargmaniT (ebraelTa 6, 11­dan bolomde). r. bleikis aRwerilobaSi efrem mciris anderZi Sesaxeb miTiTeba ar aris, ar aris iq cnoba arc kirile aleqsandrielis epis­tolezec, romelic, rogorc aRvniSneT, efremis anderZs mosdevs. bleikis aRwerilobaSi arc xelnaweris aSiebze mo­Tavsebuli SeniSvnebis Sesaxeb aris aRniSnuli. miTiTebulia

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mxolod erTi gviandeli minaweri, romelic wignis Semkaz­meuls ekuTvnis.

efrem mciris ̀ mozraxuli~ anderZebisa da ̀ Seiswaveebis~ Segroveba­Seswavlisas, rodesac efremis Targmanebis Sem­cveli TiTqmis yvela xelnaweri gadavaTvaliereT, aTonidan Gamotanil mikrofirebs Soris wavawydiT swored am xelnaw­ers (Ath. 18/82), romelSic, garda efrem mciris manamde uc­nobi anderZisa da kirile aleqsandrielis zemoT dasaxele­buli epistolisa, aRmoGnda Zveli qarTuli mwerlobisaTvis metad mniSvnelovani teqstebi: ganmarteba pavles timoTes mimarT II, tites da filimonis mimarT epistoleebisa, rom­lebic aqamde dakargulad iTvleboda (danelia, 1983, 318).

efrem mciris mier Targmnili es egzegetikuri Txzule­ba "samociqulos Targmanebis" erTi nawilia. efremiseuli Targmanis teqsti sruli saxiT Semonaxuli ar aris. misi calkeuli nawilebi daculia ramdenime xelnawerSi (kerZod: Jer.16(bl)/138(cag)/25 (mar); A390; Jer.9, 15(mar.) cagarlis aR­werilobaSi es xelnaweri ar moxvedrila); Jer. 6(bl)/21(mar), Ath. 18(bl) /82(cag); magram es xelnawerebi garkveulwilad avseben erTmaneTs. rogorc pavles epistoleTa da misi Targmanebebis mkvlevari k. danelia SeniSnavs: "Gans, pav­les epistoleTa Targmaneba yvelaze metad dazianebulia, rogorc mosalodneli iyo, Tavsa da boloSi, Tavidan gvak­lia: hromaelTa da korinTelTa epistoleebis Targmaneba (I korinTelTasi nawilobriv), bolodan ki II timoTes, tites da filimonis mimarT epistoleebisac. (gvakliao rom vambobT, es ar niSnavs, rom saerTod dakarguli iyos es nawilebi, SesaZloa, isinic moipovebodes piradad GvenTvis amJamad gamouyenebel xelnawerSi~ (danelia, 1983, 318). marTlac, Ath.18 xelnawerSi, romlis gamoyeneba pavles epistoleTa Targmanebis teqstis Seswavlis dros mkvlevars ar SeeZlo, aRmoGnda am egzegetikuri Sromis efremiseuli Targmanis bolo nawili, kerZod: ebraelTa mimarT epistolisa (6, 11­dan bolomde), I timoTes, II timoTes, tites da filimonis mimarT epistoleTa Targmaneba, romelTagan bolo sami ( II timoTes, tites da filimonis mimarT epistoleebisa), rogorc aRvniSneT, arc erT sxva xelnawerSi ara gvaqvs. Ath. 18 xelnaweris monacemebis gaTvaliswinebiT, SeiZleba vTqvaT, rom pavles epistoleTa Targmanebis efremiseuli

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Targmanis teqstis bolo sruli saxiT aris daculi zemo­TaRniSnul aTonur xelnawerSi. mas Semdeg, rac e. koWlama­zaSvilma Q 1158 xelnawerSi miakvlia pavles epistoleTa komentarebis efremiseuli Targmanis dasawyiss _ hromael­Ta mimarT da korinTelTa mimarT I epistolis Targmanebas (koWlamazaSvili, 1996; misive 2003), SeiZleba iTqvas, rom pavle mociqulis epistoleTa ganmartebebis efrem mciri­seuli Targmani sruli saxiT gvaqvs xelT.

pavles epistoleTa Targmanebas, romelic, rogorc Gans, asrulebda `samociqulos Targmanebis~ korpuss, erTvis mTargmnelis iambiko, romlis kidurweriloba gvaZlevs wak­iTxvas ̀ efrem~ da mTargmnelis anderZi (gv. 235­238), romlis saTauria `uwyebaY mizezsa wignsa amis mraval wignTa erTad Semokrebulobisa~ (TvalTvaZe, 1988, 220­221)

anderZSi, rogorc saTauridanac Gans, mTargmnels gadau­wyvetia gvesaubros im mizezebis Sesaxeb, romlebmac gamoi­wvies pavles epistoleTa ganmartebebis ̀ mravalTa wignTagan erTad Semokreba~ e. i. Sedgena kompilaciuri, gamokrebili Targmanebisa. efremi dasawyisSive gvafrTxilebs, rom pavle mociqulis epistoleebis Targmaneba wminda ioane oqropirs ekuTvnis, ris dasturad `ioane oqropiris cxovrebaSi~ dac­uli erTi cnoba mohyavs, romlis mixedviTac ioanes mowafes, prokles, uxilavs, Tu rogor karnaxobda TviT mociquli Tavisi epistolebis ganmartebas ioane oqropirs (`iyo pavle mociquli miyrdnobil misa zurgiT kerZo Tavadmde iovanHsa da piri misi yursa Tana marjuHnesa iovanessa da hzraxvida mas, ... xolo igi werda~ (ioane oqropiri, 1986, 51­56). mo­ciqulis GagonebiT da karnaxiT dawerili am ganmartebebis mixedviT SemdgomSi mokle Targmaneba SeudgeniaT, romlis Seqmnis istoriazec gvesaubreba efremi.

anderZis mizani naTelia: mTargmnelma SewevniTa Rmr­TisaYTa mokled unda ganacxados `Tu viTar didTa Targ­manTagan SemokrebiTi ese Targmani gamokrebul ars~ (Ath.18, 235).

efremi am sakiTxis Sesaxeb msjelobas im mizezebis aR­niSvniT iwyebs, ramac gamoiwvia ioane oqropiris vrceli Targmanebis Semokleba. saxarebebis TargmanebaTa msgavsad, samociqulos wignTa ganmartebebic `vrclad Tav­Tavoan da swavlian ars da mraval wignad ganyofili~ da mravalwigno­

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bis gamo `saWiro ars glaxakTa kacTa mier mogebaY maTi”: e. i. ioane oqropiris vrceli, Tavebad da swavlebad day­ofili Targmanebani, sadac samociqulos wignebis yoveli Tavis muxlobriv ganmartebas oqropiris vrceli `swavlaY~ mosdevs, sididis gamo mraval wignadaa ganyofili da ami­tomac gaZnelebuli yofila maTi SeZena (`saWiro ars moge­baY maTi~). amisTvisac winaswar izruna yovlisa winaganmge­belman RmerTman da ara litoni kacis, aramed wminda kirile aleqsandrielis xeliT Sedgenil iqna Semoklebuli Targ­maneba. Tu viTar moxda es, `amis viTarebasa viswavebT epis­tolisa misgan didisa kKrile aleqsandrielisa~, romelsac dainteresebuli mkiTxveli, efremis TqmiT, ipovis `Tavsa wignisa mis pavles Targmnad garemowerilisasa~, e. i. wig­nis dasawyisSi. efremi, rogorc keTilsindisieri mecnieri, gamokrebuli Targmanebis Seqmnis istoriaze msjelobisas kirile aleqsandrielis am epistoles mimarTavs, romelic kiriles miuweria damkveTisaTvis, `sxKsa visme espiskoposi­saTKs”: `amis wignisa TaviT kerZoY igi epistole amas cxad­yofs, _ wers anderZSi efremi, _ `viTarmed visme moswrafesa eTxova didisa kKrilesgan, raYTa pativTa zeda samociquloY­sa wignisaTa waruweros Semoklebuli Zali sityKsaY, raYTa aqundes mas erT wignad pavle Targmniani. amisTKs wmidaY igi miuwers, gulmodginebasa missa aqebs da cxad­hyofs, viTarmed ioane oqropirisa TargmanTagan gamoukrebies mas mokle Zali sityKsaY da adgil­adgil sxuaTaca wmida­TaY daurTavs, sadaca upovnies sakiTxavTa Sina ganmartebaY samociquloYsa sityKsaY"(Ath. 18, 236). efremis am debule­bas savsebiT Seesabameba kirile aleqsandrielis epistoles Sinaarsic, sadac kirile dawvrilebiT msjelobs mis mier gaweuli samuSaos xasiaTze: radgan pavle mociqulis epis­toleebi, wminda ioane oqropiris garda, romelmac sruli Targmaneba mogvca yvela epistolesi, grigol RmrTismety­vels, did basili kesariels da aTanasi aleqsandrielsac ganemartaT, `arRara Pel­vyav yovlisave TaviT GemiT Targ­manebad, aramed maT wmidaTa mier aRwerilisagan gamovkribe da romelime Gemmierica SevZineo~, _ acxadebs kirile (Ath.18, 238; TvalTvaZe, 1995, 359).

efremi anderZSi xazgasmiT aRniSnavs, rom pavles ko­mentarebis gamokrebili Targmaneba, Sedgenili kiriles

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mier, ar aris misi originaluri Sroma: `vinaYca viTarca aw berZulisagan gKswavies, ara kKriles Targmnili ars garemow­erili igi Targmani pavles sityuaTaY, aramed viTarca ityKs dasabamsa, oqropirisa TargmnilTagan wignTa Semoukrebis mokle Zali TiToeulisa sityKsaY". efremi gvaZlevs kiriles mier gaweuli muSaobis srulyofil daxasiaTebas, rasac garkveuli mniSvneloba aqvs bizantiuri saeklesio mwerlo­bis istoriisaTvis (amis Sesaxeb ix. qvemoT). efrem mciris cnobiT, kirile erideboda "samociqulos" teqstis gankve­Tas da amitom kideebze, anu efremis sityvebiT "pativTa zeda" garemouweria sxvadasxva komentatoris ganmartebani pavles epistoleTa Sesabamisi adgilisa. efremi SeniSnavs, rom am saxis Targmaneba gansxvavdeba sxva TargmanebaTagan (Tundac ioane oqropiris vrceli Targmanebisagan, romel­Sic komentarebis teqsti gabmiT aris naweri da mTlianad Targmaneba ki dayofilia Tavebad da swavlebad, iseve rogorc saxarebebis Targmanebanio), da maT gansakuTrebul saxels uZebnis "pavle Targmaniani", (resp. pavle Targmni­ani~), xolo Gveulebriv TargmanebaTa teqsts uwodebs "pav-les Targmans": "xolo garemoweraY igi amisTKs uqmnia, raYTa ara ganikueTos samociquloY sityuaY, aramed ricxKTa oden da niSniTa kideTa zeda Targmani moiRebodis. amisTKs mas ara pavles Targmani hqvan, aramed "pavle Targmniani" (Ath. 18, 336).

efremi gansakuTrebul Rirsebad uTvlis kiriles Sedgenil Targmanebas mis `erTwignobas~ da `sityvis Za­lis~ mokled warmoGenas, radgan vrcel TargmanebaSi `gan­Tesulsa Zalsa sityKsasa~ mciredniRa mixvdebian, aq ki TviT wminda kirile aleqsadrielis mier Semokrebul ars, Tanac ara mxolod ioane oqropiris `didisa pavles Targmanisa­gan~, aramed sxva wminda mamebis sakiTxavebidanac, sadac ki `ipoebis samociquloYsa sityKsa TargmanebaY, ... yovelive aqa Semoukrebies da TiToferTa yuavilTagan erTad golad saukunoYsa sitkboebisa morwmneTad daaunjebies~ (Ath.18, 337). efremis azriT, `raoden igi (e. i. oqropiris `pavles Targ­mani~) hmats sivrciTa da swavlaTa simravliTa, egoden ese (kiriles `pavle Targmaniani~) sxKT kerZo hmats erT wignad SemokrebiTa da mokled Zalisa sityKsa gancxadebulobiTa~. Tumca efrems, romelic yovelTvis momxrea berZnuli ded­

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nis qarTulad zustad gadmotanisa da qarTuli xelnaweri wignebis `berZnulsa wessa zeda gamarTvisa~, am SemTxvevaSi daurRvevia es saxelmZRvanelo principi, da wminda mamebis, Tavisi moZRvrebis _ saba Tuxarelis da antoni tbelis _ miTiTebiT, kiriles "garemowerili", "moTxviTad mowerili", ganmartebebis naclad e.w." marTlgawyobili" Targmaneba moucia. anu gansamartavi muxlis irgvliv aSiebze miwerili komentarebi, romlebic sagangebo pirobiTi " niSnebiT ukav­Sirdebodnen teqsts da romelic "saeklesiod sakiTxavad da sawereladca Znel iyo", erTmaneTis miyolebiT "marTl­gawyobiT" dauweria `uadvilesobad mweralTa da mkiTxvel­Ta~ Ath. 18, 237). `egreT umjobesad wames berTa GuHnTao, ~ _ gvarwmunebs efremi.

anderZidan irkveva, rom efrems, rogorc mkacr filologs, Rrma da safuZvliani winaswari muSaoba Gautar­ebia am Zeglis Targmnis dawyebamde. mas winaswar moukvlevia da Seuswavlia pavles epistoleTa komentarebis berZnuli dednebi da im daskvnamde misula, rom arsebobs am komen­tarebis sami redaqcia a) vrceli, ioane oqropiris `pavles Targmani~, b) gamokrebili anu garemowerili Targmaneba Sedgenili kirile aleqsandrielis mier (`pavle Targmani­ani~) da g) gviandel komentatorTagan Sevsebuli redaqcia `pavle Targmanianisa~, romelic SeurGevia swored saTarg­mnad efrems da romlis berZnuli dednebi misTvis uSurve­lad mouwodebia, sKimeonwmidis lavris winamZRuaryofils klimis, `kacsa brZensa da GuHnda didad TanaSemwesa”(Ath. 18, 238). (efremis mier berZnuli dednebis Sesaxeb mowodebuli cnobebis mniSvneobaze ix. qvemoT, Tavi III.)

gansakuTrebiT sainteresoa efremis anderZis erTi adgili, sadac mTargmneli mimarTavs gadamwerebs: `Guen erTwignobaY gKxarkebia, raYTa, msgavsad `samociquloYsa~ Targmanica misi erT wign iyos da amis pirisaTKs zogi ad­gili ZliT ikiTxvebis, xolo Tquen Pel­gewifebis or wignad farTod daweraY, romelsa RmerTman Zali mogces gardaw­erad, mxolod usakuTresTaTKs Tavsa zeda werili igi uwye­baY orisave wignisa Tavsa miaxuHdroT da mciredTa amaT si­tyuaTa adgil­adgil mozraxulTa, Gem sawyaloblisa efrem mcirisaTa daweraY nu gewyinebis, rameTu esreT maqunda brZanebaY, raYTa Sina araraY GavrTo, aramed kideTa zeda da

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Tavisa da boloYsa anderZTa Sina vikadro dawerad. ~(Ath.18, 238).

pavles epistoleTa Targmanebaze darTul am anderZSi arsad aris saubari "usakuTresTa" Sesaxeb, rac rogorc k. daneliam gaarkvia (danelia, 1974, 37­39), aris ara raime gan­sakuTrebuli pirobiTi niSani (rogorc es miaGndaT adre), aramed sityvieri aRniSvna teqstis SigniT samociqulos Secvlili muxlebis win ("usakuTres ars..."), TviTon Targ­manSi ki sistematurad aris gatarebuli "iotiTa" () da "us­akuTresiT" teqstis koreqtirebis es cnobili efremiseuli meTodi. kerZod: (gv. 16, 36, 37, 44, 49, 50, 58, 59, 62, 64, 86, 88, 94, 97, 106, 108, 154, 196, 203). safiqrebelia, rom efremis "uwyebaY", romelSic laparaki iyo "usakuTresTaTKs" da misive cnobiT "Tavsa zeda weril iyo", aris samociqulos Targmanebaze darTuli efremis is cnobili winasityvaoba, romelic daculia Jer. 16/25, A 677 xelnawerebSi da kar­gad aris Seswavlili (bleiki, 1926, 160­166; mari, 1955, 55­62; saqm. mociqul., 1950, 029­030). amas gvafiqrebinebs isic, rom am ori anderZis monacemebi erTmaneTs emTxveva da erTgvar­ad avseben kidevac erTmaneTs. Gveni azriT, Jer. 16/25-Si da­culi efrem mciris `mozraxuli~, romelsac am xelnaweris dasawyisSia moTavsebuli (2r-4r), aris saerTo Sesavali werili, mTargmnelis winasityvaoba, anu `Tavisa anderZi~, romelic efrems dauweria ara mxolod `saqme mociqulTas Targmanebis~ gamo (am xelnawerSi mxolod mociqulTa saqmis ganmartebebi gvaqvs), aramed `samociqulos~ samive wig­nis TargmanebaTa qarTulad gadmoRebasTan dakavSirebiT. `Tavisa anderZSi~ ramdenjerme aris miTiTebuli imaze, rom efremis mier gaweuli muSaobis Sesaxeb moyvanili msjeloba exeba mTel `samociqulos”: `rameTu maTive Targmnili saqme mociqulTaY, kaTolikeni da epitolebi winamesxnian da samociquloY sityuaY mier damiweria~ (Jer.16,2r): `sadac uPmda SecvalebaY da sxuHbr cvalebaY sityuasa samociqulosa qar­Tulsa, romeli maSinRa ZliT gulisPmaiyofebodis, odes sam­ni, gina oTxni Targmanni pavlisani da egodennive leqsikon­ni, romel arian RrmaTa wignurTa sityuaTa anbansa zeda ganwyobilni sityuani, erTad Semovkribni~ (Jer.16,2r); ̀ wmidasa mamasa GuHnsa giorgis ara egoden sxKsa raYsme mizezisagan, raoden ZuHlisave pavlis wayolisagan dauteobia~ (Jer.16,2r);

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`amis pirisaTKs gevedrebi yovelTa qristesmoyuareTa, raYTa pavles Sina gina sxuasa samociqulosa amaT TargmanTanagan cvalebuli sityuaY aravin GahrToT, aramed ucvalebelad ipyarT~ (Jer.16,3r).

aSkaraa, rom efremi am `Tavisa anderZis~ weris dros `samociqulos~ sxva wignebis TargmanebTan erTad pavles epistoleTa ganmartebebsac gulisxmobda. marTalia, Gve­namde am egzegetikurma Sromam erTiani saxiT ver moaRwia, igi gabneulia sxvadasxva xelnawerebSi, magram, rogorc Gans, Tavis droze, yovel SemTxvevaSi misi mTargmnelisa­Tvis, es iyo erTiani Zegli, sami nawilisagan Semdgari da am­denad efremisaTvis niSandoblivi mTargmnelis mozraxuli Tavisa da boloYsa anderZebiT aRWurvili. TavSi moqceu­lia mTargmnelis anderZ­winasityvaoba Sesavali werili (Jer.16,2r-4r), romelic exeba mTlianad `samociqulos Targ­manebis~ qarTulad gadmoRebis sakiTxebs, xolo boloSi, pavles epistoleTa komentarebis Semdeg, romelic amTa­vrebs `samociqulos Targmanebas~, darTuli aqvs `boloYsa anderZi~, anu anderZ­bolosityvaoba, `uwyebaY mizezsa wig­nisa amis mravalTa wignTa erTad Semokrebulisasa "(Ath. 18, 235­238), romelSic mTargmneli, marTalia, upiratesad pav­les epistoleTa Targmanebaze msjelobs, magram mTlianad `samociqulos Targmanebis~ qarTulad gadmoRebis sakiTx­ebsac exeba da sxvaTa Soris ixseniebs da imowmebs `Tavsa zeda weril uwyebasac~.

aqve SevexebiT `samociqulos Targmanebis~ qarTulad gadmoRebis istoriisaTvis metad mniSvnelovan efrem mciris bolo dromde ucnob sam anderZsac, romelic Q 1158 xelnaw­erSi aRmoGnda daculi.

Q 1158 xelnaweri XI saukuniT TariRdeba. is xelnawerTa institutis axal fondSi SedarebiT gvian Semosuli nusxaa da amitom Q fondis sxva xelnawerebTan erTad ar yofila aRwerili. mas yuradReba miaqcia e. koWlamazaSvilma, romel­ic `samociqulos Targmanebis~ efrem mciriseul Targmanis teqstze muSaobda da am xelnawerSi miakvlia efremiseuli Targmanis dasawyis nawils, romelic dakargulad iTvle­boda. amasTanave, ipova efrem mciris sami ucnobi anderZic, romelTagan erTi `saqme mociqulTas Targmanebas~ erTvis boloSi (f. 101), meore _ `kaTolike epistoleTa Targmane­

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bas~ mosdevs (f. 316; koWlamazaSvili, 1995; 1999), mesame ki pavles hromaelTa mimarT epistoles TavTa GaminaTvalzea darTuli (Q 1158, 103v, koWlamazaSvili, 2003, 343­344). gamo­dis, rom efrems mTargmnelis mozraxuli daurTavs ara mx­olod ~Tavsa da bolosa wignisasa~, aramed `samociqulos~ Semadgeneli TiTeuli nawilis Targmnis gasrulebis gamoc dauweria kolofonebi.

gansakuTrebiT faseulia `saqme mociqulTas Targ­manebaze~ darTuli anderZi, saidanac irkveva, rom efrems jer uTargmnia pavles epistoleTa da kaTolike epistoleTa ganmartebebi, viTarca usaWiroesTani~, xolo Semdeg `mo­ciqulTa saqmis Targmaneba~, romlis qarTulad gadmoReba `reca mZimed miGinao eSmakman~, magram `viTarca sakrveliTa egreT mipyra berman antoni da ara miteva usrulad dateve­baY amisi~ (Q1158, 101), _ SeniSnavs mTargmneli. `samociqu­los~ samive wignis Targmanebis gasrulebis Semdeg unda iyos dawerili ̀ Sesavali~ (Jer.16), radgan iq efremi pavles da kaTolike epistoleTa TargmanebTan erTad saqme mociqul­Tas Targmanebasac axsenebs (Jer.16, 1r; 2v). Sesavlis Semdegaa dawerili `boloYsa anderZi~, anu Ath.18­Si pavles episto­leTa komentarebis Targmanze darTuli vrceli mozraxuli efremisa, romelSic damowmebulia `usakuTresTaTKs Tavsa werili uwyebaY~ anu Sesavali `samociqulos Targmanebisa~.

samecniero literaturaSi gamoTqmuli mosazrebis Tanaxmad (abulaZe, 1950; lorTqifaniZe, 1956; danelia1974, 1983), efrems samociqulos wignebis qarTulad gadmoRebi­sas yvelaze meti cvlileba giorgiseuli ̀ pavles~ TargmanSi Seutania. SesaZloa amgvari `usakuTresi adgilebis~ gaGenis mizezis asaxsnelad iTxovda efrem mcire gadamwerTagan `usakuTresTaTKs Tavsa zeda werili uwyebaYs~ daweras ara marto `samociqulos Targmanebis~ dasawyisSi, aramed uSu­alod `pavles epistoleTa Targmanebis~ win da Tu es Tx­zuleba or wignad gadaiwereboda, maSin orive wignis TavSi.

Q 1158 xelnawerSi daculi kidev erTi anderZi, romelic mTargmnels hromaelTa mimarT epistoles TavTa GamonaTva­lis Semdeg GaurTavs, metad sayuradRebo cnobas gvawvdis: irkveva, rom efrems, romelmac sagrZnoblad Secvala pav­les epistoleTa giorgiseuli Targmani, aToneli mamis mier Targmnili `uwyebani mizezTani~ da `Tavni~ xelaxla ar

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uTargmnia, radgan `arRara uPmda unaklulod Targmnilsa didisa mis moZRurisa giorgi mTawmidelisasa meored Targ­mnaY~ ( Q 1158, 103v).

sagangebod unda SevGerdeT pavles epistoleTa komen­tarebis efremiseul Targmanze darTul mTargmnelis an­derZSi dacul erT cnobaze, romelic eqvTime aTonelis mTargmnelobiTi saqmianobis aqamde ucnob faqts Seexeba. kerZod, eqvTimes mier pavles ori epistolis Targmanebis qarTulad gadmoRebas. anderZSi efremi aRniSnavs, rom eqv­Times dauwyia kirile aleqsandrielis mier `garemowerili Targmanis~ anu misive terminologiiT `pavle Targmaninis~ qarTulad Targmna `... berZulisagan Targmnad ewyo Guensa mas axals oqropirsa, wyarosa da Zirsa Targmanebisasa, mama­sa da moZRuarsa eklesiaTasa efTKmis mTawmidelsa da uTar­gmnia orTa oden ebistoleTaY mcired naklul, xolo mizezi usrulobisa maTisaY RmerTman icis” (Ath.18, 235. TvalTvaZe, 1988, 219­221).

eqvTime aTonels rom pavles epistoleTa komentarebis gadmoRebaze umuSavia, amis Sesaxeb cnobebs eqvTimes mamis anderZSi da giorgi aTonelis ̀ ioanes da eqvTimes cxovreba­Sic~ vxvdebiT. giorgis cnobiT, eqvTimes uTargmnia `Targ­manebaY galatelTa da TesalonikelTa da hromaelTa epis­toleTaY~ (giorgi mTawmideli, 1967, 63). igive cnobaa da­culi eqvTimes mamis anderZSic, romelSic erT­erT aTonur xelnawerSi erTi glosaa damatebuli: `Targmani galatel­Ta da TesalonikelTa da hromaelTa ebistolisaY wmidisa oqropirisaY” (Ath.10, 335r). e. i. ioanes da giorgis cnobiT, eqvTimes uTargmnia ioanes oqropiris ganmarteba pavles sami epistolisa (galatelTa, TesalonikelTa da hromaelTa). k. kekeliZe Tvlida, rom es unda yofiliyo erTi Txzuleba, sadac pavles 14 epistoledan mxolod am samis Targmaneba iyo mocemuli. is eZebda mas qarTul xelnawerebSi, magram rogorc TviTon wers: ̀ aseT saTaurian Txzulebas Gven verc erT xelnawerSi ver vpoulobT, SeuZlebelia, is ase ugzo­ukvlod dakarguliyo~ (kekeliZe, 1980, 199). misi azriT, es Txzuleba Senaxuli unda yofiliyo im naSromSi, romelsac ewodeba `Targmani Zniad gulisPmisayofelTa mociqulisa pavlisa sityuaTaY, gamokrebuli wmidisa ioane oqropiris TqumulTagan (A445, 226r-330v. igive Txzuleba aris kidev

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or xelnawerSi: K 234, 337r-438v da S 4579, 159r-190v), magram rogorc i. lolaSvili SeniSnavs, `am Zeglis Sedgeniloba Sinaarsoblivad ar Seesatyviseba im saTaurs, romelsac ioane da giorgi mTawmidelebi imowmeben, amitom igi kvlav saZiebelia~ (lolaSvili1982, 71; koWlamazaSvili, 1995). vfiqrobT, am Ziebisas gasaTvaliswinebeli iqneba is faqtic, rom eqvTimes mamisa da misi biografis cnobaSic SesaZlebe­lia, ara amgvarsaTauriani erTi Txzuleba ivaraudebodes, aramed pavles GamoTvlil epistoleTa cal­calke Targma­ni, miT umetes, rom amgvari saTauris mqone Txzuleba arc berZnul enaze gvaqvs.

rogorc aRvniSneT, ioanes da giorgi aTonelebis mier mowodebuli cnobis gverdiT gvaqvs efrem mciris ander­Zis cnoba, romelic eqvTimes miawers kirile aleqsandri­elis mier Sedgenili katenuri krebulis `pavle Targmani­anis~ gviandeli redaqciis qarTulad gadmoRebis dawyebas da `orTa oden epistoleTa Targmanebis~ qarTulad Targ­mnas. efremis anderZis mixedviT, eqvTimem daiwyo kiriles am egzegetikuri Sromis Targmna (`Targmnad ewyo Guensa mas axalsa oqropirsa... ~), magram raRac mizeziT ver gaasrula. `mizezi usrulobisa RmerTman iciso~, _ SeniSnavs efremi. am konteqstSi “Targmnad ewyo” niSnavs, Targmna daiwyo; daiwyo, rasakvirvelia, Tavidan. “pavle Targmaniani” ki am katenuri krebulis Semdgenelis­ kirile aleqsandrielis damkveTisadmi miwerili epistoleTi iwyeboda (amis Sesaxeb ix. qvemoT, Tavi III,), romelsac mosdevs hromaelTa da ko­rinTelTa mimarT pirveli epistolis Targmaneba. swored pavles am ori epistoles ganmarteba uTargmnia, efremis cnobiT, eqvTimes, magram amaTgan meore ar dausrulebia.

cnobilia, rom Zvel qarTvel mweralTa da mwignobarTa mier mowodebuli amgvari bibliografiuli xasiaTis cnobe­bis sizustis Sesamowmeblad yvelaze didi mniSvneloba xelnawerebs eniWebaT. Tuki qarTul xelnawerTa Soris aR­moGndeboda efremis mier miTiTebuli Targmani pavles hro­maelTa da korinTelTa mimarT pirveli epistoleebis ko­mentarebisa (`mcired nakluli~), ra Tqma unda, es saukeTeso sabuTi iqneboda efremis cnobis sasargeblod. marTlac, erT­erT aTonur xelnawerSi (N 39 bleikiT, N 79 cagarliT) mivageniT pavles zemoT dasaxelebul epistoleTa Targ­

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manebis axal, manamde ucnob, efrem mciris Targmanisagan gansxvavebul Targmans.

xelnaweri XI saukuniT TariRdeba, naweria ori xeliT, aqedan erT­erTi, romliTacaa naweri GvenTvis saintereso nawili, giorgi aTonelis avtografad miaGnia r. bleiks (bleiki, 1932, 228). xelnaweri, garda pavles hromaelTa da korinTelTa mimarT epistoleebis Targmanebisa, romelTac 18v-101v gverdebi uWiravT, Seicavs kidev kirile aleqsan­drielis epistoles, romelic uZRvis hromaelTa episto­lis Targmanebas (16r-18v), grigol noselis sam Txzulebas (1v-6v; 13v-15v; 102v-126v) da epifane kviprelis erT sakiTxavs (7r-13v). sul xelnawerSi 126 furcelia.

pirveli, rac TvalSi sacemia am xelnaweris mikrofirisa da fotopiris gadaTvalierebisas, aris is, rom igi Zalze dazianebulia da furclebi areuli. wigni SeukazmavT gvian, XIX saukuneSi (Semkazmavi beri venediqton): `me glaxakman da codvilman venediqton mRvdelmonazonma ese samociqulos Targmani naKxe dabneulad da daSlilad da Sevkazme da vinca ixiloT, momixseneT RmrTisaTKs. qristes aqeT Gykb~ (=1822 w). xelnawers aqvs sxva minawerebic mxedruliT, romelTa­gan sayuradReboa erTi: `ese samociqulos Targmani giorgi mTawmidlisagan Targmnili [... ] kargi patiosani ars (bleiki 1932, gv. 177).

pavles epistoleTa komentarebis qarTulad Targmna efrem mciris saxelTanaa dakavSirebuli. man gadmoiRo mTe­li samociqulos Targmaneba, romelic ramdenime xelnawer­iTaa moRweuli, romlebic erTmaneTs avseben da agrZeleben, magram pavles epistoleTa Targmanebis dasawyisi, kerZod, hromaelTa da korinTelTa mimarT I epistolis Targmaneba (9, 21 muxlamde) arc erTSi ar Senaxula (danelia, 1983, 315­318; TvalTvaZe, 1995, 346­361).

bunebrivia, rodesac Gvens xelT aRmoGnda pavles epis­toleTa Targmanebis dasawyisi nawili, Tanac swored im epistoleTa Targmanebani, rac sxva xelnawerebSi ar iyo, vifiqreT, rom mivageniT dasawyiss efremis mier Targmnili am egzegetikuri Txzulebisa da SesaZlebeli iqneboda misi sruli saxiT aRdgena. miT ufro, rom Ath.39­Si daculi ko­rinTelTa mimarT I epistoles Targmaneba wydeba me­8 Tavis me­2 muxlis komentariT da manamde cnobil xelnawerebSi

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ki teqsti am epistoles me­9 Tavis 21­e muxlidan gvqonda (Jer.9). amasTanave, am xelnawerSi pavles epistole Targmane­bas win uZRvis misi Semdgenel­redaqtoris, kirile aleqsan­drielis, epistole, romelic Ath. 18 xelnawerSi efremis anderZs erTvoda. varaudi imis Sesaxeb, rom kiriles epis­tole pavles epistoleTa komentarebis efremiseuli Targ­manis TavSi unda yofiliyo, ukve gamoTqmuli gvqonda (TvalTvaZe, 1989, 14­17). amitomac SeiZleboda gvefiqra, rom Ath.39 xelnawers efrem mciris Targmnili `pavle Targ­manianis~ dasawyisi nawili Semoenaxa. magram am xelnawerebSi daculi Targmanebis erTmaneTTan Sedarebam sxva daskvnamde migviyvana. radgan pavles komentarebis efremiseul Targ­manSi da Ath.39­Si SedarebisTvis Tanmxvedri adgilebi ar aRmoGnda, rac yvelaze naTlad daadasturebda TargmanTa identurobas Tu sxvaobas, saWiro gaxda sxva arapirdapiri monacemebis Zieba, romelTagan mniSnelovania Semdegi:

a) pavles epistoleTa Targmanebebs, iseve rogorc pav­le mociqulis epistoleTa teqsts CD redaqciis xelnawer­ebSi (giorgi aTonelisa da efrem mciris redaqcia) axlavs stiqometriuli aparati, `uwyebani~ da `Tavni~. efremiseul `TargmanebaSi~ da misi redaqciis ̀ pavles~ xelnawerebSi ̀ uw­yebani~ da `Tavni~ identuria, Ath.39-Si ki sxva tipisaa. b) rac ufro mniSvnelovania, Ath.39 xelnawerSi dacul Targ­manebaTa teqstSi ar Gans efremis mier pavles teqstis gior­giseuli Targmanis gasworebis kvali, rac Gveulebriv mas `usakuTresiTa~ da `iotiT~ aRuniSnavs (danelia, 1974), maSin rodesac imave korinTelTa mimarT I epistoles efremiseu­li Targmanis SemorGenil teqstSi (9, 21 muxlidan) aseTi `iotebi~ da `usakuTresebi~ yovel gverdze gvxvdeba.

vfiqrobT, zemoT Tqmuli uflebas gvaZlevs ganvacxa­doT, rom Ath.39­Si daculi Targmani pavles ori epistoles ganmartebisa ar aris efrem mciris Targmani. efremis Targ­mnili `pavle Targmanianis~ dasawyisi nawili isev saZiebe­lia. 9

radgan es teqsti efremis Targmnili ar yofila, dgeba misi mTargmnelis vinaobis garkvevis sakiTxi. xelnaweris gviandeli minaweri mTargmnelad giorgi aTonels asaxelebs.

9 `pavle Targmanianis~ efrem mciriseuli Targmanis dasawyis nawils miagno e. koWlamazaSvilma Q 1158 xelnawerSi.

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minaweri XIX saukunisaa (1822 w) da amdenad mas ar SeiZleba gadamwyveti mniSvneloba hqondes. bleikis mixedviT Ath.39 giorgis avtografia (bleiki, 1932, 228). a. cagarelis azriT, am xelnawerSi Senaxuli yvela Txzulebis mTarmneli giorgi aTonelia (cagareli, 93), Tumca arc erTi da arc meore aRmweri am xelnawerisa ar miuTiTebs, ris safuZvelze akeT­eben amgvar daskvnas. xelnawerSi Sesul sxva TxzulebaTagan literaturaSi mxolod erTis, grigol noselis sakiTxavis `qalwulebisaTKs da saRmrToYsa moqalaqobisaTKs~ mTargm­nelia miTiTebuli (kekeliZe, et. V, 28), danarGeni Txzule­bebis mTargmnelis vinaoba ucnobia.

Gveni azriT, am SemTxvevaSi arc aRmwerelTa cnoba da arc gviandeli minawerebi ar aris sakmarisi mTargmnelis vinaobis gasarkvevad. aq umTavresia TviTon teqstis Ses­wavla da misi analizis Sedegad gakeTebuli daskvnebi. am mxriv ki giorgi aTonelis am Txzulebis mTargmnelad miGne­vas mxars ar uWers zogierTi arsebiTi xasiaTis monacemi, kerZod: Ath.39 xelnawerSi daculi hromaelTa mimarT da korinTelTa mimarT epistolis `uwyebaY~ da `Tavni~ mkveT­rad gansxvavdeba giorgiseuli redaqciis ̀ pavles~ darTuli `uwyebebisa~ da ̀ Tavebisagan~ iqamde, rom aq termin ̀ uwyebYs~ nacvlad, romelic berZnuli Øποqεσις­is qarTuli Sesatyvi­sia, sxva sityva, kerZod, `piri~ gvxvdeba. (`piri hromaelTa epistolisaY~, `piri korinTelTa mimarT pirveli episto­lisaY~). gansxvavebuladaa Targmnili rogorc `uwyebanis~ teqsti, aseve `Tavnis~ qveTavebis saTaurebi. aq qveTavebis aRsaniSnavad sagangebo niSania gamoyenebuli `asterikoY~ da axsnilia, rom es niSani ixmareba maSin, `raJams erTisa raYsme pirisaTKs ityKn da mas Sina sxuaY piri Semovidis~.

erTi SexedviTac naTelia, rom aq or sxvadasxva mTargmnelTan gvaqvs saqme. amas isic gvafiqrebinebs, rom efremiseul TargmanebaSi da misi redaqciis ̀ pavles~ teqst­Si ̀ uwyebani~ da ̀ Tavni~ erTmaneTs emTxveva ( rogorc Q 1158 –is erTi anderZi cxadyofs, efrems ̀ uwyebani~ da ̀ Tavni~ xe­laxla arc uTargmnia, mas giorgis Targmnili teqsti ucv­lelad gadmoutania pavles ganmartebaTa teqstSi (Q1158, 103v). Ath. 39­Si daculi pavles epistoleTa teqstic ufro AB (Zvel) redaqcias misdevs. gasaTvaliswinebelia isic, rom arafers ambobs giorgi mTawmidlis mier amgvari Txzulebis

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Targmnis Sesaxeb giorgi mcire. marTalia, biografi srul pavles gadmoRebasTan erTad giorgis gamokrebul pavles Targmnasac miawers (`kualad Targmna pavle saweliwdoY~, giorgi mcire, 1967, 128, 147), magram es `saweliwdo pavle~ TviT epistoleTa teqsts gulisxmobs da ara Targmanebas. yvelaferi zemoT Tqmuli, Gveni azriT, saeWvos xdis am Tx­zulebis mTargmnelad giorgi mTawmidlis miGnevas.

amave dros, gvaqvs meore aTonuri xelnaweris (N 18) an­derZis cnoba, romlis mixedviT eqvTimes dauwyia kirile aleqsandrielis Sedgenili katenuri Targmanebis `pavle Targmanianis~ qarTulad gadmoReba da uTargmnia pirveli ori epistoles (hromaelTa da korinTelTa mimarT I epis­tolis) Targmaneba `mcired naklul~. e. i. swored isini, rac gvaqvs Ath.39­Si da Tanac naklulad. radgan kiriles am Sromas win misi epistole uZRoda, eqvTimem albaT is epistolec Targmna. am varaudis gamoTqmis uflebas isic iZleva, rom Ath.18 xelnawerSi am epistoles qarTul Targ­mans kideze miwerili aqvs: Targmani mamisa efTKmesi~. mar­Talia, xelnaweri SedarebiT gviandelia (XV­XVI s. s), magram am SemTxvevaSi garkveuli mniSvneloba unda mieniWos imasac, rom manuskripti aTonuri warmoSobisaa da albaT garkveul­wilad sworad asaxavs am savaneSi arsebul zepir Tu liter­aturul tradicias (TvalTaZe, 1989, 14­17).

am Txzulebis mTargmnelad eqvTime aTonelis miGnevas TiTqos ewinaaRmdegeba ramdenime faqti. upirveles yovlisa, is, rom araferia naTqvami amis Sesaxeb `ioanes da eqvTimes cxovrebaSi~ da isic, rom eqvTimes mamac da giorgi aTonel­ic dabejiTebiT aRniSnaven, rom man Targmna `galatelTa, TesalonikelTa da hromaelTa mimarT epistoleTa Targ­maneba wmida ioane oqropirisaY~ da ara hromaelTa da ko­rinTelTa mimarT pirveli epistolisa `mcired nakluli~, rogorc aseve dabejiTebiT wers amgvari cnobebis mowode­bisas yovelTvis Zalian sando efrem mcire. SeiZleboda gve­fiqra, rom aq urTierTgamomricxveli cnobebi gvaqvs (mx­olod hromaelTa mimarT epistolea dasaxelebuli orive­gan). sinamdvileSi es ori cnoba erTmaneTis sawinaaRmdegos arafers Seicavs. eqvTimem, rogorc Gans, marTlac Targmna am sami epistoles oqropiriseuli vrceli ganmartebani (xelnawerebi Gvenamde ar Semonaxula), magram raRac mizez­

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iT sxva epistoleTa ganmartebebi ar gadmouRia. SesaZloa, aq garkveuli roli iTamaSa imanac, rom oqropiris Targ­manebebi Zalian vrceli iyo da efremis sityvebiT rom vTq­vaT, `sivrcesa Sina swavlaTasa ganTesulsa Zalsa sityKsasa gamomrGevelad mciredni vieTnime ipoebian~ (TvalTvaZe, 1988, 220), amitomac eqvTimem saTargmnelad airGia gamokre­bili, mokle Targmaneba pavles epistoleTa, kiriles mier katenuri wesiT Sedgenili da daiwyo misi gadmoReba. Targ­mna kidevac dasawyisi: kiriles epistole da pirveli ori epistoles Targmaneba, magram dasruleba ki ver moaxerxa. `mizezi usrulobisaY RmerTman icis~, _ aRniSnavs efremi, romelmac swored eqvTimes mier dawyebuli saqmis gasrule­ba iTava da ganaxorciela kidec.

sagulisxmoa kidev erTi faqti. cnobilia, rom `pav­les~ teqstis xelaxal Targmnaze eqvTimes ar umuSavia. Se­sabamisad arc `pavles~ teqsts darTuli stiqometriuli aparati uTargmnia. is faqti, rom Ath.39­Si daculi `uwye­bani~ da `Tavni~ ar emTxveva arc giorgis da arc efremis Targmnil teqsts, gvafiqrebinebs, rom is viRac mesamis Targmnilia. `pavleTa~ teqstic Zvel AB redaqciis xelnaw­erebs misdevs, rac aseve imaze migvaniSnebs, rom es Targmani ufro adrindelia, vidre giorgisa da efremis redaqciis pavles teqsti gveqneboda.

zemoT Tqmulis gaTvaliswinebiT Ath.39­Si daculi pav­les hromaelTa mimarT da korinTelTa mimarT I epistolis mTargmnelad Gven eqvTime aTonels miviGnevT. umTavresi argumenti GvenTvis mainc am mxriv metad sando mecnierisa da mTargmnelis efrem mciris cnobaa. am varaudis dasamt­kiceblad Ath. 39­Si daculi Targmanebis teqstis detaluri Seswavla da eqvTime aTonelis sxva TargmanebTan misi Se­darebaa saWiro10.

amrigad, efrem mciris anderZis cnobaze dayrdnobiT eqvTime aTonelis naTargmni Zeglebis sias unda daematos kirile aleqsandrielis epistole “sxKsa visme episkoposisa mimarT” (Ath.39 16v-17v; TvalTvaZe, 1995, gv. 359­361) da misive

10 Gveni varaudi, rom Ath.39­Si pavles hromaelTa da korinTelTa mimarT epistoleTa ganmartebis eqvTime aToneliseuli Targmania Semonaxuli, daadastura e. koWlamazaSvilis gamokvlevebma, romelmac gamosca es te­qsti eqvTimes mierve Targmnil samociqulos gamokrebul TargmanebasTan erTad (koWlamazaSvili, 2003)

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Sedgenili katenuri krebulis ̀ pavle Targmanianis~ dasawyi­si: `Targmaneba hromaelTa mimarT epistolisaY~ (srulad) da `TargmanebaY korinTelTa mimarT pirveli epistolisa~ (8, 2 muxlamde) (Ath.39, 18v-101v).

Teodorite kvirelis "filoTeon istoriis" kolofonebi. V saukunis cnobili bizantieli mwerlis Teodorite kvire­lis "filoTeon istoriis" efrem mciriseuli Targmani ori xelnaweriTaa Gvenamde moRweuli XII saukunis nusxa A689 (189v-369v) da (XIII­XIV saukunis xelnaweri A682 (80v-155v). orive xelnaweris mokle aRweriloba mocemuli aqvs T. Jordanias (Jordania, 1903, 164­168). A689 xelweris aR­weriloba gvaqvs e. xinTibiZis wignSic `basili kapadokielis `samoRvaweo wignis~ qarTuli redaqciebi~ (xinTibiZe, 1968, 73­74). Teodorites `filoTeon istorias~ orive xelnawer­Si uZRvis mTargmnelis Sesavali (A689, 187r-v; A682,91v; Jor­dania, 1897, 40­42) da boloSi erTvis anderZi (A689, 177r-v; A682, 183 r-v; Jordania, 1892, 43), romelic efrem mciris na­Targmni Zeglebis bibliografiis Semdgenels, T. bregaZes, miaGnia ara `filoTeon istoriis~ anderZad, aramed Teo­dorites Txzulebis `sityuaY saRmrToYsa siyuarulisaTKs~ bolosityvad (bregaZe, 1971, 449). `sityuaY~ berZnul dedan­Sic da qarTul TargmanSic mosdevs `filoTeon istoriaSi~ aRweril wminda moRvawe mamaTa cxovrebis Sesaxeb Txrobebs da miGneulia `filoTeon istoriis~ bolo Tavad (P.G. 82, col. 1283-1552). `sityvaY~ `filoTeon istoriis~ nawilad miaGnia efrem mciresac, romelsac winasityvaobis Semdeg moTavse­bul zandukSi, sadac GamoTvlilia wignSi Sesuli ̀ Txrobani~, bolo Tavad swored `sityuaY saRmrToYsa siyuarulisaTKs~ Seutania (A689,187v). T. bregaZe ki, rogorc aRvniSneT, mas calke Txzulebad Tvlis da amitomac mis mier Sedgenili bibliografiis mixedviT `filoTeon istorias~ mTargmne­lis mxolod Sesavali werili uZRvis, xolo anderZi ki Teo­doritis meore Txzulebas (`sityuaY~) erTvis. xelnaweris Seswavlam ki sxva suraTi aGvena. A 689 xelnaweris boloSi moTavsebuli anderZic `filoTeon istoriis~ anderZia da ara mxolod `sityuaYsa~, amrigad, gamodis, rom ` filoTeon istoriisTvisac~ efrems Gveulebrisamebr winasityvaobac daurTavs da bolosityvaobac, romlebSic am wignis avtoris

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Sesaxeb, Txzulebis berZnuli dednis da qarTuli Targmanis Seqmnis istoriaze gvesaubreba.

`Tavisa anderZSi~ efremi, upirveles yovlisa, ganmar­tavs, rom am wigns `filoTeon istoria~ ewodeba, rac qar­Tulad `RmrTismoyuarebiT Txrobas~ niSnavs, magram sasur­veli iqneba, masac `klemaqsisa~ da `dialoRonis~ msgavsad berZnuli saxeli SevunarGunoT qarTulado. Semdeg ki sak­maod vrclad msjelobs wignis aRmwerel Teodoriteze, msjelobas ki ase iwyebs: ̀ xolo saWiro ars Tqumad TKT misda TeodoritesTKs, raYTa uwyodiT~. e. i. efremi miiGnevs, rom qarTvelma mkiTxvelma ara mxolod Targmani unda gaicnos romelime Txzulebisa, aramed mis avtorzec unda hqondes warmodgena, icodes misi vinaoba da damsaxureba. es efremis rogorc mTargmnel­komentatoris erT­erTi principi Gans, romelsac is sxva drosac ganuxrelad icavs.

efremis cnobiT, Teodorite antioqeli yofila, romel­sac swavla­ganaTleba antioqiaSive miuRia. mis gonierebas da ganswavlulobas ̀ cxad­hyofen aRwerilni misni, romelTa mier TavTa gamometyuelTa da aRmwerelTa Tana Seracxil ars berZenTa Soris~. Teodorite antioqiis maxloblad mde­bare qalaqis kvirosis episkoposi yofila da didad uRvawia marTlmadidebluri eklesiis gaZlierebisaTvis. efremis cnobiT, Teodorites, romelsac Rrma siberemde miuRwevia, mravali wigni dauweria, romelTa Soris gansakuTrebiT gamoyofs `yovelTa ZuHlTa da axalTa wignTa Targmanebebs dabadebiTgan vidre samociqulomde~. magram moulodnelad `SuriTa eSmakisaTa dakninda warmatebuleba misi~, radgan nestorianobis mZlavrobis xanaSi kirile aleqsandrielTan paeqroba `Semweobad nestorissa Seuracxes da ganagdes ek­lesiiT~, magram leon hromTa papis brZanebiT, maleve Sei­wynares da mas Semdeg qalkedonis krebis yvela Semwynare­beli Teodorite kvirelsac Seiwynarebs da did moRvawed aRiarebso, _ gvauwyebs efremi. aRsaniSnavia, rom Teodor­ite kvirelis biografiis am moments sxvaganac ixsenebs qar­Tuli mwignobari. kerZod, `fsalmunTa Targmanebis~ Sesav­alSi, iq, sadac dednad gamoyenebuli Txzulebebis Sesaxebac msjelobs, acxadebs, rom fsalmunTa wignis Teodoriteseul Targmanebas Segnebulad avaride Tavi, `mciredisa misTKs si­tyKsgebisa, romeli iqmna reca winaaRdgomiT Soris massa da

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wmidisa kKrilessa, romeli­igi ukuanaYsknel daiPsna da uG­ino iqmna, raJams Teodorites mierve SeiGuennes aTormetni igi Tavni, romel aRewernes mas winaaRsadgomelad RmerTSe­mosilisa kKrilesa~ (SaniZe, 1968, 80). aq efermi kidev ram­denime cnobas gvawvdis Teodoriteze, kerZod: efremis Tan­axmad, Teodorites dauweria kiriles winaaRmdeg 12 Tavi, romelic Semdeg TviTon uaryvia da dauweria fsalmunTa sruli Targmaneba, romelic, marTalia, efrems dednad ar gamouyenebia, magram rogorc Gans, icnobda mas. am `Sesav­lis~ mixedviT `Teodorite yovlisave berZenTa naTesavisa mier mamad marTlmadideblobisa Seracxil ars, viTarca saxelovani mTargmnelobiTa yovelTave Zuelisa Sjulisa wignTaYTa da yovliT kerZo TanaSemwe marTlmadideblobi­sa~ (SaniZe, iqve).

eWvsgareSea, rom efrem mciris cnobebi Teodorite kvirelis Sesaxeb bizantiur wyaroebs emyareba. erT­erT maTgans efremi kidec asaxelebs `filoTeon istoriis~ Ses­avalSi. esaa Teodorites werili leon hromTa papisadmi, sadac is, rogorc Gans, Tavs imarTlebda kirile aleqsan­drielTan dakavSirebiT momxdari incidentis gamo da Tavis damsaxurebaTa Sesaxebac werda: `samasi eklesiaY SevsZine mwvalebelTa da mekerpeTagani marTlmadidebelTa eklesia­sa~ (A689,187v). rac Seexeba cnobebs Teodorites mier Targ­mnili wignebis Sesaxeb, SesaZloa efrem mcire, romelic sKmeonwmidis sapatriarqos wignTsacavis xSiri stumari iyo, maT iq gascnoboda, efremis cnoba Teodorite kvirelis mier Zveli da axali aRTqmis wignebis TargmanebaTa daweris Sesaxeb sworia. Teodorites marTlac ganumartavs Zveli aRTqmis wignebi dabadebidan winaswarmetyvelTa wignebamde (P.G. 80­82), da `wignni axali aRTqmisani~ (P.G. 82). berZnu­lad Semonaxulia efremis mier damowmebuli `aTormetni igi Tavnic~, (P.G. 76, col.385-402) da `TargmanebaY fsalmunTaYc~ (P.G. 80, col.857-1198; juReli, 2008).

`filoTeon istoriis~ `Tavisa anderZis~ meore nawil­Si ki efremi Teodorites am Sromis qarTulad Targmanis sakiTxebs Seexeba. wignis Targmna misTvis uTxovia antoni bers (antoni tbels), romelic am wignSi aRweril moRvaweTa msgavsad iyo `maTebrve srul RuawliTa da maTiTave Sem­kul gKrgKniTa~. Teodorites am Txzulebas, efremis azriT,

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`aqus friadi siRrme sityuaTaY, umravlesi berZnulad da aramciredi qarTuladca~, risi Secvlac efrems Segnebulad ar mousurvebia, radgan is miiGnevs, rom Targmanma dednis sityvaTa siRrme unda gadmosces `raYTa (qarTvelebi) ganhm­zadnes uRrmesTadre wignaTKs~.

efremis winasityvaobas mosdevs `zanduki wignisa amis~, romelSic GamoTvlilia 30 moRvawis cxovrebis Sesaxeb Txrobis saTauri da 31­ed `sityuaY siyuarulisaTKs~. bi­zantiuri literaturis istoriisaTvis gansakuTrebiT sai­teresoa efremis is SeniSvna, romelic zanduks mosdevs: `rameTu Svidni Txrobani TaviT kerZoni sxuagan smenilni dauwerian ZuHlad yofilTani, xolo rviTgan ocdaaTamde maTni, romelni misTa JamTa aRsrulebul arian da TualiT­aca uxilavn, xolo ocdaerTiTgan sxuani yovelni jereT ma­Sin cocxal yofil arian, odes ese maTTKs dauwerian~ (A689, 187v). efremis cnobiT, Teodorites Tavis wignSi aRuweria winaparTa ("Zuelad yofilTa") ambavi, romelic sxvaTagan gaugonia, (esenia Txroba iakobisTKs, ivlianesTKs, markian­esTKs, evsevisTKs, poplioYsTKs, sKmeonisTKs ZuHlisa, pal­adisTKs (romel ars palade wmidaY), ufros Tanamedrove-Ta, romelTac cocxlebs moswrebia (TxrobaY afraatesTKs, petresTKs, TeodosisTKs, romelsa arasusisa Teodos wmi­daY auSenebia, romanosisTKs, zianonisTKs, makedonioYsTKs, maisumaYsTKs, akefsimaYsTKs, maronoYsTKs, abrahamisTKs, ev­sevisTKs, salamanisTKs, marisTKs) da Tavis TanamedroveTa, romlebic "jereT maSin cocxal yofil arian" (TxrobaY ia­kobisTKs, TalasoYsTKs da limanasioYsTKs, ioanesTKs, levi­naYsTKs da polKtronoYsTKs, askilipioYsTKs, sKmeonisTKs halabelisa, varadatisTKs, malelesTKs, maranaYsTKs da kKraYsTKs, domninaYsTKs).

"filoTeon istoriis" boloSi darTuli anderZi ki tipuri nimuSia mTargmnelis mokle anderZisa, sadac Rmer­Tis didebas mosdevs vedreba "mkiTxvelTa, msmenelTa da gardamwerelTadmi, rom ilocon RmerTSemosilisa anto­ni tbelisaTvis, romlis brZanebiTac uTargmnia es wigni berZnulidan "pirutyul saxeobasa Gem mcirisa da undoYsa efrem unarGevessa mowafeTa misTaYsa". sainteresoa am ander­Zis erTi adgili, sadac efremi wers: "raYTa saxed siwmidisa misisa (antoni tbelisa d. T) gamovTargmno berZnulisagan

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axlad qarTvelTa enasa cxorebaY ese wmidaTa amaT mamaTaY" (A689,677r)., xom ar niSnavs es `berZnulisagan axlad gamo­Targmna~ aq `filoTeon istoriis~ xelaxla, meored Targm­nas da xom ar gulisxmobs es cnoba imas, rom ukve arsebob­da am wignis adreuli Targmani? `axlad Targmna~ aSkarad meored Targmnas niSnavs efremis sxva anderZSi, sadac igi aRniSnavs, rom berma kKrike aleqsandrielma `mmZlavra da kadnier myo me axlad Targmanebad aTequsmetTa sadResas­wauloTa" (A292,282v). magram sayuradReboa isic, rom efremi, Gveulebisamebr, roca erTxel Targmnilis xelaxla Targmna uxdeba, erTgvarad Tavs imarTlebs da mkiTxvels uxsnis, Tu ratom Targmna ̀ axlad~ esa Tu is Txzuleba (ix. Jer.43,A292­is anderZebi da sxv.), aq ki aseTi ram ara gvaqvs, rac gvafiqre­binebs, rom efremis `axlad gamoTargna~ aq SeiZleba pir­velad Targmnas niSnavdes. miT ufro, rom `filoTeon is­toriis~ sxva Targmani, garda efremis Targmanisa, qarTul xelnawerebSi aRmoGenili ar aris (kekeliZe, et. V, 58).

`fsalmunTa Targmanebis~ Sesavali da anderZi. efrem mciris mier berZnulidan gadmoRebuli "TargmanebaY fsalmunTaY", qristianuli egzetikuri literaturis erT­erTi umn­iSvnelovanesi Zeglia, romelmac qarTvel mkvlevarTa yuradReba adreve miipyro. pirveli cnobebi efremis mier Targmnili am Txzulebis Sesaxeb T. Jordanias "qronikebSi" gvxvdeba. (Jordania, 1892, 214). misi Semcveli erT­erTi uZ­velesi xelnaweri, romelic martvilSi inaxeboda, aRwera e. TayaiSvilma (TayaiSvili, 1914, 81). efremis am Sromas gan­sakuTrebul mniSvnelobas aniWebda k. kekeliZe, romelic mas efremis originalur Txzulebad miiGnevda: "SinaarsiT, azrebiT da sazogadod, masaliT es Txzuleba originaluri araa, xolo arqiteqtonikiTa da gegmiT, romelic gamoix­ateba masalisa da wyaroebis SerGevaSi da maT dalagebaSi, is efremis originalur nawarmoebad unda GaiTvalos", _ askvnis mkvlevari Tavis fundamentur SromaSi (kekeliZe, 1980, 257) da iqve miuTiTebs am Txzulebis Semcvel xelnawerebsac.

efrem mciris am Txzulebas sagangebod ikvlevs mz. SaniZe, romelmac efremis "Targmaneba" gamoiyena "fsal­munis" kritikuli teqstis dadgenis erT­erT saSualebad (fsalmuni, 1960). manve sagangebod Seiswavla is xelnaw­

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erebi, romelTac k. kekeliZe uTiTebda, da gaarkvia (San­iZe, 1968, 100­101, misive, 1971), rom efremis Targmanis Sem­cvelad miGneuli 9 xelnaweridan efremiseul Targmanebas namdvilad mxolod sami Seicavs: martvilisa (Q 37), ieru­salimisa (Jer 1) da leningradisa (N 18 yofili peterburgis saazio muzeumis xelnaweri N 137). efrem mciris naTargmni Zeglebis bibliografiis Semdgeneli T. bregaZe asaxelebs kidev erT xelnawers H 3186 (bregaZe, 1971, 448). danarGeni xelnawerebi ki e. w. `gamokrebili Targmanebis~ Semcvelia. qarTuli wyaroebis kompilaciis gziT XII saukuneSi ucnobi mwignobris mier Sedgenili es egzegetikuri Txzuleba, m. SaniZis azriT, ZiriTadad efrem mciris Sromas eyrdnoba. aseve fiqrobs n. doborjginiZec, romelmac gamosacemad moamzada fsalmunTa gamokrebili Targmanebis teqsti uZve­lesi xelnawerebis mixedviT, da romelsac saintereso dak­virvebani aqvs am sakiTxze (doborjginiZe, 1994, 1996).

efremis `Targmanebis~ Semcvel xelnawerTagan uZve­lesia Q 37, romelsac axlavs TviT efremisa da gadamweris anderZebi, saidanac cxadi xdeba, rom Targmani 1080 welsaa Sesrulebuli (qronikoni t), xolo xelnaweri ki 1091 wels (qoronikonsa tia) gadaunusxavs ioane mTavaraYsZes ̀ kastanas efremis mamobasa" (Q37,317r).

xelnaweri iwyeba efrem mciris cnobili SesavliT, rom­lis saTauria `uwyebaY mizezsa da viTarebasa da TxrobaY wessa da saPmarebasa winamdebarisa amis wignisasa, romel ars `TargmanebaY fsalmunTaY~ (1r-7v). efrem mciris Sesavali am xelnaweris mixedviT nakluli saxiT 1914 wels gamoaqveyna e. TayaiSvilma (TayaiSvili, 1914, 243­268).

qaRaldze Sesrulebuli xelnaweri Zalze dazianebulia, aklia ramdenime furceli da dalaqavebulia nestisagan. samagierod, SedarebiT ukeTesad Semonaxula Gvenamde XII saukunis ierusalimuri nusxa N 1, romelic teqstobrivad TiTqmis pirdapir imeorebs martvilis xelnawers (Q37) da romelsac Semounaxavs efremis Sromis swored is nawilebi, rac sxva nusxebSi dazianebulia. am ierusalimuri xelnaweris mixedviT 1926 wels r. bleikma gamoaqveyna efremis `Sesav­lis~ bolo nawili, romelic e. TayaiSvilis gamocemas akl­da (bleiki, 1926, 159­160). `Sesavlis~ saboloo, kritikuli gamocema ekuTvnis m. SaniZes (SaniZe, 1968, 77­99), romelmac

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teqsts gamokvlevac daurTo (iqve, gv. 99­122), sadac moce­mulia efremis am originaluri naSromis mniSvnelobis Se­faseba, misi Semcveli xelnawerebis aRweriloba da teqstis enobrivi analizi. sagangebo yuradReba eqceva `Sesavlis~ Sua nawils, leqsikons, rogorc qarTul enaze Sedgenil pirvel leqsikografiul naSroms.

efrem mciris `Sesavali~ samecniero literaturaSi sazogadod kargad Seswavlili Zeglia. m. SaniZem efremis am metad sayuradRebo Sromas zemoTdasaxelebuli gamokvle­vis garda kidev ramdenime Sroma uZRvna, kerZod: 1971 wels daibeWda misi statia `efrem mciris fsalmunTa Targmanebis teqstisaTvis~ (SaniZe, 1971), 1975 wels mkvlevarma rusul enaze dabeWda werili "Heêoòopûe câeäeíuÿ Eôpeìa Möèpe o ãpyçuícêoé u ãpe÷ecêoé ôuëoëoãuu~, sadac Seexo qarTuli da bizantiuri filologiis sakiTxebze `SesavalSi~ dacul metad sayuradRebo cnobebs. (SaniZe, 1975, 66­77). efremis am Sromas Seexeba misi statiac efrem mciris `fsalmunTa Targmaneba~ rogorc sabas leqsikonis wyaro~ (SaniZe, 1987) `Sesavlis zogierTi sakiTxi ganixila r. siraZem, romelmac SeniSna, rom efremis am SromaSi saRvTo atributebi areop­agitul wignebSi SemuSavebuli principebis mixedviTaa gan­martebuli (siraZe, 1968). `Sesavali~, rogorc saxismetyve­lebiTi egzegetikis Sesaxeb efremis Teoriuli Sexedulebe­bis Semcveli Zegli, Seiswavla g. alibegaSvilma (alibegaS­vili, 1988), romelmac Tavis sadisertacio naSromSi erTi Tavi miuZRvna mas.

"Sesavlis im nawils, romelic leqsikons eTmoba, xSirad imowmeben rogorc qarTul enaze Sedgenil pirvel leqsikons (Rlonti, al. focxiSvili, 1995, sarjvelaZe, 1984 w.).

yvela zemoT dasaxelebuli mkvlevari, vinc ki ama Tu im kuTxiT Sexebia efrem mciris "Sesavals", mas efremis originalur Sromad miiGnevs. magram unda aRiniSnos, rom "Sesavali damoukidebeli nawarmoebi araa efremisa. efremma is "fsalmunTa Targmanebis" Targmans warumZRvara da masSi Targmnis procesSi wamoWrili sakiTxebi ganixila. igi ukav­Sirdeba saTargmn Txzulebas da amdenad warmoadgens ara da­moukidebel nawarmoebs, aramed "mTargmnelis mozraxuls".

fsalmunTa Targmanebis Sesavali, rogorc misi saTau­ric migvaniSnebs, aris uwyeba am wignis Seqmnis viTarebaTa da

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mkiTxvelTagan misi moxmarebis wesis Sesaxeb ("uwyebaY mizez­sa da viTarebasa da TxrobaY wessa da saPmarebas winamdeba­risa amis wignisasa, romel ars "TargmanebaY fsalmunTaY"), sadac mocemulia am egzegetikur Zeglis jer berZnul enaze Seqmnis istoria, xolo Semdeg ki cnobebi misi qarTulad gadmoRebis Sesaxeb. garda amisa, berZnul wignTa msgavsad efrems Tavisi TargmanisaTvis leqsikonic Seudgenia da swored "Sesavalsa wignisasa" mouTavsebia. fsalmunTa Targ­manebis Sesavali efremis "mozraxulTagan" yvelaze vrcelia. igi Tavisi daniSnulebiT e. w. "Tavisa anderZia", romelsac Gveulebisamebr efremi "boloYsa anderZsac" moayolebda xolme. arc fsalmunTa Targmanebis gadmoRebisas uRalatnia efrems principebisaTvis da am egzegetikuri Zeglis I wignis dasasruls mouTavsebia kidec "boloYsa anderZi", romel­ic Q 37 xelnawers Semounaxavs, romelSic sayuradReboa is adgili, sadac mTargmneli `Tavisa anderZs~ anu `Sesavalsa wignisasa~ imowmebs: `... xolo Targmani muPlTaY yoveli ax­lad iTargmna berZnulisagan, viTarca yovelive geuwyos Sesavalsa wignisasa~ (Q37,316v).

miuxedavad imisa, rom fsalmunTa Targmanebis Sesavali Gvens samecniero literaturaSi sxvadasxva kuTxiT kargadaa Seswavlili, Gven saWirod GavTvaleT misi, rogorc qris­tianuli literaturis am umniSvnelovanesi egzegetikuri Zeglis Sesaxeb dawerili `mTargmnelis mozraxulis~ mokle analizi mainc warmogvedgina.

efremis sityvebiT, es Sesavali `winamauwyebel eqmneba swavlis moyuareTa, Tu raodenni arian Targmanebani daviTi­sani, anu Tu Gueni ese Targmani daviTisaY raodenTa wignTa­gan erTad Semokrebul ars~ (SaniZe, 1968, 78)11. da marTlac, "Sesavlis" sakmaod didi nawili swored am ori sakiTxis ganmartebas exeba: 1) fsalmunTa wignis ramdeni ganmarteba arsebobs berZnulad ("raodenni arian Targmanebani daviTi­sani") da 2) ra wyaroebiT isargebla qarTuli Targmanis Sem­srulebelma ("Gueni ese Targmani daviTisaY raodenTa wign­Tagan erTad gamokrebul ars").

am sakiTxebis Sesaxeb msjelobas efremi imis aRniSvniT iwyebs, rom "pirvelTa maT JamTa araraY aqunda sxuaY sagalo­belad saeklesiod TKnier fsalmunTa wignisa" (iqve). fsal­

11 qvemoT am gamocemis mixedviT vuTiTebT gverdebs.

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munTa gamoTargmanebac im droidan daiwyo. wminda mamebi im fsalmunebs ganumartavdnen msmenelT, "romelsa fsalmunsa zeda daemTxKis eklesiad SesvlaY wmidaTa maT mamaTaY". ase Seiqmna wminda basilis "TargmanebaY fsalmunTaY", romelSic Tavmoyrilia mis mier "adgil­adgil Targmanebuli" fsal­munebi da romelic "unaklulod iTargmna enasa amas Guensa wmidisa da netarisa mamisa efTKmes mier" (gv. 79). rogorc miuTiTeben (SaniZe, 1975, 69), efremis mier dasaxelebuli basilis egzegetikuri Sroma berZnul enaze 14 fsalmunis Targmanebis Semcvelia. eqvTime aTonelis mier Sesrulebul TargmanSi ki 15 fsalmunis ganmarteba gvaqvs. efremis sity­vebiT, basili kesarieli araa "srulebiT mTargmneli fsal­munTa wignisaY", radgan misi saxeliT cnobil TxzulebaSi yvela fsalmunis ganmarteba araa mocemuli.

fsalmunis "srulebiT mTargmnelebad" efremi asaxelebs aTanase aleqsandriels, kirile aleqsandriels, evsuqi ierusalimels, asteri amasiels da Teodorite kKrels.

efremi iqve SeniSnavs, rom zogierTebi ioane oqropirsac miaweren daviTis srulebiT Targmanebas, magram, misi azriT, es swori ar aris. ioanes mxolod erTi nawilis Targmaneba moucia ("Wiris kanoniTgan dawyebuli vidre... miyvanebuli". samwuxarod, Sesavlis es nawili dazianebulia da ar Gans fsalmunis romel nawilze miuTiTebs efremi).

cnobilia, rom aTanase aleqsandrielis da kirile aleqsandrielis Targmanebani sruli saxiT moRweuli ar aris (SaniZe, 1975, 68). orive aleqsandrieli moRvawis ko­mentarTa umetesoba cnobilia mxolod gviandeli katenebiT an citatebis saxiT, romlebic am avtorTa egzegetikur Tx­zulebebze metad fragmentul warmodgenas gviqmnian (devre­si, 1970, 224, 239). efrem mciris "SesavalSi" ki am avtorTa mier Sedgenili "fsalmunTa Targmanebis" Sesaxeb friad mniSvnelovani cnobebi gvaqvs, romlebic, rogorc m. SaniZe SeniSnavs, gaTvaliswinebuli unda iqnas rogorc aTanases da kiriles SromaTa moculobis, aseve maTi saxeliT moR­weuli berZnuli fragmentebis avTenturobis dadgenisas (SaniZe, 1975, 68). efremis cnobiT, aTanase da kirile iyvnen "srulebiTni mTargmnelni fsalmunTa wignisani". e. i. maT ga­numartavT mTeli teqsti daviTis fsalmunebisa. metic "ara erTiTa, aramed or­oriTa TargmaniTa uTargmniaT yoveli

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muPli daviTisaY, erTi igi Semoklebulad da litonad mar­tivTaTKs da litonTa, meore igi uvrcelesad da uRrmesad gamomeZiebelTaTKs da gulisPmismyofelTa" (gv. 79). efremi xazgasmiT aRniSnavs, qarTuli Targmanis Sesrulebisas "sx­uad wignad maqunda aTanasesi da sxuad kKrilesi, ornive srulebiTni da SemoklebiTni "Targmanni daviTisani". misive cnobiT, mis mier Sedgenil "fsalmunTa TargmanebaSi" aTan­ases da kiriles Semoklebuli Targmanebani sruladaa war­modgenili ("da aw ars Guenda amas "daviTis Targmansa" Sina SemoklebiTi igi Targmanebi muPlTaY aTanasesi da kKrilesi yoveli unaklulod" (gv. 81), rac mniSvnelobas moklebuli ar aris, radgan rogorc aRvniSneT, aTanases da kiriles Targmanebebi berZnulad mxolod fragmentuladaa moRweu­li (P.G.27; P.G.69).

efrem mciris cnobiT, mis mier dasaxelebul avtorTa garda, fsalmunTa ganmartebebi sxvebsac dauweriaT, magram isini arian ̀ ara ueWuelni, aramed friadca saeWuelni~. es is mwerlebi arian, romlebic `arianozTa da originianTa Tana SeiGuenebian~, magram berZenni wminda mamebis mier Targ­manebuls maTi naazreviTac azaveben, radgan maT `Zal­uc wamliaTaganca mPecTa SemzadebaY wamlisa sakurnebelisaY~. efremis es cnoba metad sainteresoa im TvalsazrisiTac, rom warmoaGens benZnuli orTodoqsaluri eklesiis da­mokidebulabas mwvaleblobisadmi _ `mwvalebelTaYca raYme keTilad aRwerili Zalad gulisPmis­yofisa iPumion~ (iqve).

efrem mciris cnobiT, berZnul enaze, garda zemoT GamoTvlili Targmanebebisa, arsebula "sxuanica wignni orni", sadac "yovelTave daviTis TargmanTagan erTad Semokrebul iyvnes srulebiTni da ganvrcelebiTni Targman­ni daviTisani". es wignebi efremis mier mowodebuli cnobe­bis mixedviT, kompilaciuri xasiaTis Txzulebebia, romleb­Sic aTanases da kiriles TargmanebebTan erTad Setanilia sxva wminda mamaTa ganmartebanic. maTgan efremi asaxelebs evsuqi ierusalimels da asteri amasiels, romelTa Sromebs is mxolod am kompilaciuri krebulebidan icnobs, radgan, rogorc TviTon SeniSnavs, "amaTi dedani srulebiT" (an sruli saxiT) ver upovia.

efremis mier dasaxelebul am or wignSi Tavmoyrili yo­fila aTanases, kiriles, evsuqis da asteris ganmartebebi

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fsalmunisa, amokrebili ara marto maTi "fsalmunTa Targ­manebebidan", aramed sxvadasxva Txzulebebidanac, "adgil­adgil sadaca povnil ars daviTis sityuaTa Zali, yovelive Semokrebulad vpove orTa maT wignTa Sinao, " ­aRniSnavs efremi (gv. 80). misive cnobiT, am wignSi Setanili yofila grigol RvTismetyvelis, grigol noselis da "sxuaTa KieTme sakiTxavTa Sina ganmartebuli muPli" (iqve). erTi sityviT, efremis mier daxasiaTebuli wignebi daviTnis komentarebis krebulebia, sadac marTlmadidebel mamaTa "adgil­adgil aRmocenebuli yvavilebi" erT Taigulad anu "golad sitk­boebisa aris daunjebuli" (gv. 83).

efremis "Sesavlis" im nawilSi, romelic exeba imis garkvevas, Tu "raodenni arian Targmanebani daviTisani", dasaxelebulia kidev erTi avtori da misi egzegetikuri Sroma. esaa Teodorite kvireli da misi "TargmanebaY fsal­munTaY". efremis cnobiT, Teodorite fsalmunTa "srulebi­Ti mTargmnelia". e. i. mas ganumartavs fsalmunis yvela muxli, magram efrems misi komentarebi ar uTargmnia, miux­edavad imisa, rom igi "mamad marTlmadideblobisa Seracxil ars". "Teodoritessa Targmansa daviTisasa verRara Pel­Sevyav" kirile aleqsandrielTan gamarTuli polemikis ga­moo, _ acxadebs mTargmneli. efrem mciris daxasiaTebiT, Teodorites Sroma "Taflebr damatkbobeli" yofila goneb­isa, amitomac Zneli iyo Tavis Sekaveba cdunebisgan, magram rogorc efremi SeniSnavs, "aRKr­vaxsen gulis­sityuasa... da kma­viyven mciredni ese da Semoklebulni Targmanni ueWue­lobisaTKs da Rirsebisa saxelovanTa maT TargmanTaYsa" (gv. 80).

Tu zemoT Tqmuls SevajamebT, efremis Sesavlis mixed­viT berZnul enaze yofila fsalmunTa wignis sami tipis Targmaneba:

I. "adgil-adgilobiTi", anu arasruli Targmanebebi, sa­dac fsalmunTa muxlebi ara Tanmimdevrulad, aramed Ser­GeviT aris ganmartebuli. aseTia, efremis azriT, basili kesarielis (P.G. 29, col.386-388) da ioane oqropiris Targ­manebebi.

II. "srulebiTi Targmanni daviTis wignisani", sadac yvela fsalmunia muxl­muxlad ganmartebuli. aseTia:

1. aTanase aleqsandrielis "TargmanebaY fsalmunisaY"

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(vrceli redaqcia "gamomeZiebelTaTKs da gulisPmis­myofelTaTKs"; P.G. 27, SemorGenilia fragmentebi)

2. misive `TargmanebaY fsalmunTaY~ (mokle redaqcia `martivTaTKs da litonTaTKs~.

3. kirile aleqsandrielis `fsalmunTa Targmanebis~ (vrceli redaqcia, P.G. 69. fragmentebi).

4. misive Targmanebis mokle redaqcia. 5. evsuqi ierusalimelis `TargmanebaY fsalmunTaY~ (P.G.

74)6. asteri amasielis `TargmanebaY fsalmunTaY”(P.G. 40.

fragmentebi). 7. Teodorite kKrelis `TargmanebaY fsalmunTaY~ (P.G.

80,col.857-1198). III. "gamokrebili Targmanebani" _ anu katenuri krebulebi

`daviTnis~ komentarebisa. aseTia efremis mier dasaxelebu­li "sxuaY wignni orni", sadac sxvadasxva marTlmadidebel mamaTa ganmartebebi yofila Tavmoyrili.

garda amisa, efremi asaxelebs mwvalebelTa da gareSeTa saeWvo Targmanebebsac (evsevi pamfileli, origene, gv. 82).

fsalmunTa Targmanebis Sesavlis erTi nawili, rogorc aRvniSneT, qarTuli Targmanis wyaroebis Sesaxeb msjelo­bas eTmoba, anu "Guenni ese Targmanni daviTisaY raodenTa wignTagan erTad gamokrebil ars". aq efrem mcire pirda­pir acxadebs: "me kualTa wmidisa mis mamisa da moZRuarisa Gemisa giorgi mTawmidlisaTa Seudeg, romlisaY­igi saTueoY sagalobeli ara erTis, aramed mravalTa dedaTagan erTad Sekrebul ars da erTsa wignsa Sina berZulad ara romel­sa ipoebis egodeni sagalobeli" (gv. 80). efrems, giorgis msgavsad, romelmac mravali berZnuli wyaros gamoyenebiT "TTuenis" Tavisi redaqcia mogvca, TviTon gamoukrebia sx­vadasxva wignebidan komentarebi: "romeli oden Kpove mar­TlmadidebelTa mier Targmanebuli sityuaY daviTisi, yove­live erTad wignad Sevkribe. rameTu raodennica iyvnes wig­nissacavsa sKmeonwmidisasa "Targmanni daviTisani", yoveln­ive dedad maqundes da friadiTa SromiTa maT yovelTagan erTad SevaerTe, romeli oden ipoeboda maT Sina marTlma­didebelTa mier Targmanebuli... TKnier Tevdoritesa arca erTi sxuaY damigdiao, " _ aRniSnavs efremi.

svimeonwmidis wignsacavSi ki, efremis cnobiT, am dros

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yofila aTanases da kiriles Targmanebani or­ori redaqci­iT da "sxuani wignni orni", sadac evsuqis da asteris vrceli Targmanebebidan gamokrebili komentarebic yofila Setani­li. swored isini gamouyenebia efrems Tavisi Targmanebis Sedgenisas ZiriTad wyarod. maTze dayrdnobiT efremma Seadgina damoukidebeli recenzia katenebisa, romelsac is "Guensa daviTis Targmansa" uwodebs da romlis Sedgenaze man marTlac "friadi SromaY" gaswia. efremis "daviTis TargmanebaSi" Semonaxulia fsalmunTa komentarebis mkvl­evarTaTvis saintereso masala, romlebic garkveulwilad am egzegetikuri Txzulebis berZnuli dednebis Sesaxebac gviqmnian warmodgenas.

efremis es mozraxuli mravalmxriv saintereso Zeglia qarTuli da bizantiuri literaturis istoriis mkvlevarisa­Tvis. aq daculia cnobebi fsalmunTa wignis Sedgenilobaze, calkeuli fsalmunis avtorobis sakiTxze, fsalmunTa wig­nis dayofaze, berZnulad arsebul sxvadasxva komentator­Ta wignebze, maT urTierTmimarTebaze, cnobebi calkeul mwerlTa (rogorc qarTvel, aseve berZenTa) Sesaxeb. es aris literaturis istorikosis mecnieruli naSromi, romelSic SesaniSnav masalas ipovis rogorc qarTuli ise bizantiuri sasuliero mwerlobis mkvlevari.

rogorc aRvniSneT, "fsalmunTa Targmanebas" erTvis "boloYsa anderZic", romelic tipuri nimuSisa mTargmnelis mokle anderZisa. es anderZi 1091 wels gadaweril xelnawer­Sia Semonaxuli da gamocemulia ramdenjerme (Zv. saq., III,81­82; Jordania, 1892, 214; Q I, 43­44). Q fondis xelnawerTa aRwerilobaSi efremis am anderZis bolo nawili (`daiweraY wmidaY ese wigni~...) gadamweris anderZadaa miGneuli (Q I, 44), rac araa swori. Secdomis mizezi SeiZleboda gamxdariyo an­derZis sityvebi: ̀ daiwera wmidaY ese wigni Savsa mTasa, sanax­ebsa wmidisa sKmeonisasa, monastersa mamis ezraYssa PeliTa iovane xucisa mTavaraYsZisaYTa~, sadac dasaxelebulia wig­nis gadaweris adgili da gadamweris vinaobac, rac Gveule­briv gadamwerTa anderZebSi ufro gvxvdeba, vidre mTargm­nelis anderZSi. magram aRwerilobis mixedviT gadamweris I anderZad miGneuli teqsti rom efrems ekuTvnis da ara ioane mTvaraYsZes, es TviT am anderZis teqstidan Gans: `RmerTo, Seiwyale da adiden sasufevelsa Sina mamani mnaTobni Guenni,

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anton tbeli da kKrike aleqsandrieli, sityKT da saqmiT Zal-mwe meyvnes Targmansa amas. locviTa acxovnen yovelni Zmani ezraYs monastrisani ... ". cxadia, "Zal­mwe meyvnes Targmansa amas" _ aSkarad efrem mciris sityvebia da ara gadamwerisa. anderZis es nawili efremis anderZis gagrZelebad miaGnia m. SaniZesac (SaniZe, 1971, 71­72) efremis cnobiT, "fsalmunTa Targmanebis" Q37­Si Senaxuli nusxa ezras monasterSi TviT efremisTvis gadauweria ioane mTvaraYsZes.

zemoT moyvanili teqsti anderZisa rom mTargmnels ekuTvnis, amas gadamweris anderZic adasturebs: `efrem Targmanisa mier zemoPsenebulman da pirvelisa wignisa misTKs damwerelman, ioane xucesman mTavaraYsZeman ese aw GemTKs gardamoviwere, viTar vhgoneb unaklulod da mar­Tlad~ (Q 37,317r). ioane mTvaraYsZis am anderZis `efrem Targmanis mier zemoxsenebuli ioane~ swored aRwerilobiT gadamweris I anderZSi xsenebuli ioane xuces­mTavarYsZea, romelmac qronikons tia (1091 w.) kastanas efremis mamobasa Sina, TavisTvis gadmowera mis mier adre (1080 w.) efremisTvis gadawerili nusxidan fsalmunTa Targmaneba.

`fsalmunTa Targmanebis~ boloYsa anderZi iwyeba wmin­da samebisadmi mimarTuli locviT da RirsTa mamaTa, eqv­Time da giorgi mTawmidelebis, moxseniebiT, rasac mosdev efremis moZRvris, misTvis `TanadgomiTa da ufroYsRa ox­iTa da winaZRomiT~ xelSemwyobi beris saba sulaYsZe Tux­arelis xseneba. rogorc efremi aRniSnavs, mxolod misi TanadgomiTa da meoxebiT gaxda SesaZlebeli `ganzogebaY”12* wignisa amis, romelsa uwodian Targmanni daviTisani, anu Tu Targmani daviTisaY". aq efremi Gveulebisamebr yuradRebas amaxvilebs wignis saTauris sworad Targmnaze. efremis mier Targmnil egzegetikur Zegls unda uwodon an "Targmanni daviTisani", radgan masSi mravali mTargmnelis komentar­ia gaerTianebuli da amitom sityva "Targmani" mravlobiT

12 cnobilia, rom `fsalmunTa Targmanebis efremiseuli Targmanis sruli teqsti Semonaxuli ar aris. Gven mxolod misi pirveli naw­ili (sul 76 fsalmunis Targmaneba) SemogvrGa. m. SaniZis varau­diT, romelic efremis `Sesavlis~ da `Targmanebis~ teqstis urTi­erTmimarTebas emyareba, efrems bolomde unda eTargmna es wigni. efremis Sromis meore nawili eqscerptebis saxiT SemorGenilia

fsalmunTa e. w. `gamokrebul TargmanebaSi".

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ricxvSi unda iyos, an "Targmani daviTisaY", radgan gan­martebaa erTi mTlianisa "erTguamobisaTKs da urTierTas Senawevrebisa patiosanTa maT asoTa, misive da erTisa Tav­sakidurisa qristesda damokidebulTaYsa"(Q37,316v) am sity­vas mxolobiTi ricxvis formiT (`Targmani~) xmarobeno.

aRsaniSnavia, rom egzegetikuli Txzulebebis saTaurebs efremi, rogorc Gans, gansakuTrebul mniSvnelobas aniWeb­da, misi azriT, gansxvavebuli tipis Targmanebani erTman­eTisagan saTauriTac unda yofiliyvnen garGeulni. amitom­ac sTavazobs pavles epistoleTa komentarebze darTul anderZSi qarTvel mkiTxvels, ioane oqropiris vrcel Targ­manebas "pavles Targmani" uwodeT, xolo kirile aleqsan­drielis Sedgenil katenur Sromas ki "pavle Targmanianio" (Ath.18, 236).

`SesavalSi~ xazgasmiT naTqvams efrem mcire `boloY­sa anderZSi~ kidev erTxel imeorebs, rom saTargmanebeli teqsti fsalmunisa giorgi mTawmidlis Targmanidan aiRo, romelic unaklulod Targmnilad miaGnia, xolo `Targmani muxlTaY~, anu ganmarteba ki, rogorc SesavalSic gvauwyebs, axlad iTargmna (axlad Targmna aqac pirvelad Targmnas ni­Snavs).

anderZis dasasruls efremi sTxovs yvelas, vinc `miemTxvevian wmidasa amas wignsa~, ilocon zemoxsenebu­li mamebisTvis _ saba Tuxarelisa da efrem oSkelisTvis, `moZRuarTa, mSobelTa, ZmaTa da SvilTa maTTTKs,~ radgan mxolod maTi winaZRomiT, anu `saWeTmpyrobelobiT, maTi saPmariTa da warsagebeliT qmnul ars yovelive keTili Guen zeda RmrTisa miero~, ­SeniSnavs efremi.

mxatvruli TvalsazrisiT saintereso Sedareba gvaqvs anderZis bolos. RmerTman ̀ ZuHl odesme karulica balaami­si aRatyua, romlisa araraY unaklulevanes ars aRtyuHbaY pirutyuT saxesa amas gonebasa Gem mcirisa da undoYsa efre­missa, romelman ese vTargmne berZenTa enisagan qarTvelTa enad~ (Q37,316v; QI, 43­44).

grigol nazianzelis TxzulebaTa Targmanze darTuli kolo-fonebi. a) Teqvsmetsityviani liturgikuli krebulis "Tavisa an­derZi" da "boloYsa anderZi". efrem mciris Targmnili gr­

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igol nazianzelis homiliaTa Teqvsmetsityviani krebulebi sadResaswaulo dReebSi wasakiTx 16 sityvas Seicaven, rasac xSirad erTvis grigolis sityva "epitafiad didisa basili­saTKs" da zogjer ki "aseulni iambikonic". garda amisa, am krebulebSi xSirad Setanilia grigol xucesis "grigol Rm­rTismetyvelis cxovreba", sofron ierusalimelis "sityuaY SesxmisaY grigol RmrTismetyuelisaY" da fsevdonones mi­Tologiuri komentarebic (bregaZe, 1988, 7; 133­187; rafava, 1990, 66­67).

16 sadResaswaulo sityvis Semcveli efremiseuli krebuli daculia sul TerTmet xelnawerSi. amaTgan 8 xelnaweri XII­XIII saukunes ganekuTvneba (A109; A1490; K.9; Jer.8; Jer.13; Jer.15; Jer.43; Sin 79), xolo 3 nusxa gviandelia (A292, S369, S1189). Sedgenilobisa da TxzulebaTa rigis mixedviT zemoT GamoTvlili 11 xelnaweridan 9 erTnairia. gamonak­lisia A292 da Sin 79 xelnawerebi, romelTagan pirveli 1800 wels gadawerili nusxa, grigolis sadResaswaulo satyve­bis garda, kidev 25 Txzulebis Targmans Seicavs da efrem mciris Targmanebis TiTqmis srul krebuls warmoadgens (lafonteni, metreveli, 1977, 69­73), xolo Sin 79­Si mxolod 5 sityvis Targmania warmodgenili odnav gansxvavebuli rig­iT (bregaZe, 1988, 143­144).

Teqvsmetsityviani krebulebidan moculobisa da Sedge­nilobis mixedviT yvelaze srulia ori nusxa: Jer. 43 da Jer.13. swored am or xelnawerSia SemorGenili mTargmnelis ̀ Tavisa anderZi~ (Jer.43,1r-4r) da `boloYsa anderZi”(Jer.13,250r).

mTargmnelis winasityvaobas aq epistoles xasiaTi aqvs. misi adresatia beri kvirike aleqsandrieli, romelmac, efremis sityviT, `zedmiwevniT uwyis rabamobaY berZenTa da qarTvelTa enebisaY~ da romelsac, rogorc Gans, dauva­lebia efremisaTvis grigol nazianzelis sityvaTa krebu­lis Targmna.

es epistole, iseve rogorc saerTod bizantiuri epis­tole (popova, 1974, 182), miuxedavad konkretuli adresatis arsebobisa, mkiTxvelTa farTo wrisTvisaa gaTvaliswineb­uli da faqtiurad grigol nazianzelis TxzulebaTa kre­bulisaTvis daweril mTargmnelis Sesavals warmoadgens. rogorc aRvniSneT, igi erTaderT xelnawers SemorGenia da isic sakmaod dazianebulad. gansakuTrebiT dazianebula

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dasawyisi am epistolisa, sadac zogierTi sityvis amokiTxva arc xerxdeba. grigolis 16­sityviani krebulebidan Jer.43 er­TaderTia, romelic Tavnakluli ar aris. amitom SemogvrGa iq efremis es epistole, romelic safiqrebelia, rom win uZRoda am tipis yvela krebuls da ̀ Tavisa anderZis~ anu wi­nasityvaobis funqcias asrulebda. grigolis liturgikul krebulebs amTavrebda `boloYsa anderZi~, romelic kre­bulTa bolonaklulobis gamo dRes aseve erTaderTi (Jer.13) xelnaweriTaa Semonaxuli.

orive anderZi ramdenjermea gamoqveynebuli. pirvelad isini r. bleikma gamoaqveyna 1926 wels (bleiki, 1926, 166­172); xolo Semdeg daibeWda n. maris mier Sedgenil ieru­salimur xelnawerTa aRwerilobaSi (mari, 1955, 22­23, 71­76). ukanaskneli gamocema am anderZebisa T. bregaZes ekuTvnis (bregaZe, 1988, 147­149; 163). efremis am anderZebs xSirad im­owmeben nazianzelis SemoqmedebiTi memkvidreobisa da gan­sakuTrebiT misi qarTuli Targmanebis mkvlevarni(rafava, 1995, oTxmezuri, 1995a, b.; 1997; 1998; 2001; 2002; q. bezaraS­vili, m. maWavariani, 1995; q. bezaraSvili, 1998; 1999; 2001, a, b; 2002; 2003; 2004).

`Tavisa anderZis~ ZiriTadi paTosi Tavmdabali beris Tavis marTlebaa, romelic SiSobs, vinmem mis saqmianobaSi `Tavisa umjobesad gamoGinebis survili~ ar dainaxos da kadnierebis gamo mayvedrebel ar eqmnes mas. amitomac, miux­edavad imisa, rom `Tavisa ganmarTlebaY ucxo ars wesTagan monazonTaYsa~, mTeli epistole faqtobrivad Tavis mar­Tlebaa. magram amasTan erTad efremi Tavis mTargmnelobiT principebsac ayalibebs, asabuTebs ra eqvTimesagan erTxel Targmnilis xelmeored Targmnis aucileblobas. anderZi Seicavs qarTuli literaturis istoriisaTvis sayuradRebo mraval cnobasac.

uw. yovlisa, efremis epistole arkvevs, rom mas grigol RvTismetyvelis Teqvsmetsityviani krebulebi uTargmnia beri kvirikes davalebiT, romlis Txovna didi xnis manZilze yurad ar uRia, radgan "did sakadrebel iyo Gemda Sesvlad SeuvalTa" da axlac, rodesac "mravalweliwdeuli urGebaY, ufroYsRa moSiSebaY", daarRvia, amis mizezi isev kvirike be­ria, romelic efrems "mosed da Suamdgomlad, ufroYsRa Pidad wiaRmyvanebelad" eguleba. "Sesavlis" Semdegi nawili

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imis mtkicebas uWiravs, rom "Semdgomni Targmanni pirvel damSuralTa TargmanTa wignebisagan ganiswavlebian". efrem mcire amitomac Tvlis Tavs eqvTime aTonelis mowafed da mis mier Targmnili Txzulebebis SiSiTa da ZrwoliT gamarTvis uflebis mqoned.

efremis sityviT, grigol RvTismetyvelis am Teqvsmeti sakiTxavis TargmnisaTvis mas sakmaod didi dro moundome­bia: "rameTu ara viTar vhgoneb equseul, aramed mrGobl equseulca iqmnnes Tueni Gemisa amaT aTequsmetTa sakiTx­avTa Sromisani da mcired warmarT"(2v). miuxedavad imisa, rom kvirike beri, romelsac hqonda `SiSi amier micvalebi­saY~, aGqarebda mas, efrems `mrGobl equseuli~ Tve umuSa­via am saqmeze, radgan `ara SeuZlebel iyo garewar qmnaY amaT adgilTaY, sada sityuaTa SecvalebaY mixudeboda~, radgan, rodesac TargmanSi romelime sityvas cvlida (`ra­Jams cvalebaY mindis sityvisaY~), jer Targmanebas anu ko­mentarebs Gaxedavda da Seudarebda (`pirvelad TargmniTa gavhmarTi~), magram amasac ar jerdeboda da saeWvo sity­vaTa mniSvnelobebs antioqiis sapatriarqos filosofos­Ta da mitropolitTa da `TKT maT yovelTa ubrZnesisa da wmidisa meufisa~ daxmarebiT gamoiZiebda, rasac, bunebrivia, garkveuli dro sWirdeboda.

efremis cnobiT, muSaoba sxva mizeziTac ferxdeboda: mas davalebuli hqonda `wmidisa oden sityuani martod~ eTargmna da `zedadarTuli yoveli da Targmanisagan Gar­Tuli~ daetovebina. magram eqvTimes mier `Sematebisa da klebis~ meTodiT Sesrulebuli Targmanebi efrems zepirad scodnia, amitomac zogjer `Zueli warzidavda~, anu Targm­nisas misdauneburad Zveli Targmanis esa Tu is adgili ago­ndeboda, romelic xSirad dedans ar Seesabameboda. amitom­ac, `daRacaTu davweri raYme, romeli ara iyvis dedasa, ara daviconi kula aPocad da marTlad dawerad~, rac, ra Tqma unda, axangrZlivebda Targmanze muSaobas. `amis pirisaTKs didad daviyovneo~, _ aRniSnavs efremi.

miuxedavad kvirike beris gamxnevebisa, rogorc Gans, efrems mainc awuxebda, rom man eqvTimes Targmnil homi­liebs xelmeored Targmna Sehbeda, amitomac anderZis bolo nawilSi isev ubrundeba am sakiTxs.

aRsaniSnavia am anderZSi efremis mier gakeTebuli

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gancxadeba: `xolo marTlisa sarwmunoebisaTKs mza var si­tyKsgebad yovelTa gamomeZiebelTa da SevaGueneb yovelsa wvalebasa da winaaRmdgomsa wmidaTa mamaTa da marTlma­didebelTa krebulTa sjulisdebisasa. da esreT mswams, vi­Tarca qadagebs didi grigoli RmrTismetyueli. xolo Tu viTar, anu rasa qadagebs, es TKT mas hkiTxeT, xolo me mar­Tlmorwmunesa Svilsa Tquen yovelTa kaTolike eklesiisa, caliersa yovelTa keTilTa saqmeTagan, wmidaY locvaY Tquen mommadleT windad saukunoYsa cxovrebisa (4r). efremis am sityvebs TiTqos apologiuri ieri dahkravs. Gans, mas say­vedurobdnen ara marto imisTvis, rom eqvTimes Targmnili Txzulebebis xelaxla Targmna gabeda, aramed mis Targ­manebSi zogierTni `marTali sarwmunoebis~ sawinaaRmdego azrebsac xedavdnen. SesaZloa, amitomac uxdeboda efrems imis xazgasmac, rom ̀ berZulsa Sina esreT ars da RvTismety­uelsa esreT uTquams da mieriTgan nuRara me, aramed wignsa eSjodes da RmrTismetyuelsa amissa gamometyuelsa”(3v).

Sesavlis bolos, Gveulebisamebr, dasaxelebulia am wignis Targmnisas xelSemwyobi piri _ beri saba, romlis locviTac gaZlierebul efrems bolomde miuyvania dawye­buli saqme.

Jer. 43 xelnawerSi Senaxuli efremis es `mozraxuli~, rogorc aRvniSneT, epistolea da misi adresatia beri kvirike. igive kvirike beri, oRond amjerad rogorc beri kKrike aleqsandrieli dasaxelebulia grigolis Teqvsmet­sityviani krebulis `boloYsa anderZSi~, romelic Jer.13 xelnawerSi gvaqvs (Jer.13,250r). ̀ boloYsa anderZis~ beri kKrike efremis `sulieri mamaa~ da grigolis sadResaswaulo homi­liebis `kualad meored berZulisagan qarTulad Targmnis~ iniciatori. kvirikesTan erTad anderZSi dasaxelebulia isev saba, romlis locviTac `srulyvna RmerTman aTequs­metni ese saeklesioni sityuani didisa grigoli RmrTis­metyuelisani~ da ioane xuci mTavaraYsZe, `romelman ara dagKSurva TKsi qaRaldi sasurelad da puri sazrdelad TanadgomiTurT TKsiT, raYTa esreT srul iqmnes mraval­Jameuli iZulebiT brZanebaY sulierisa mamisa Guenisa beri­sa kKrike aleqsandrielisaY" (250r).

`boloYsa anderZSi~ efremi isev ubrundeba TavSi dar­Tul werilSi dawvrilebiT ganxilul sakiTxs, misgan gr­

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igolis homiliebis xelmeored Targmnas da aRniSnavs, rom misi Targmanebi cxadad uGveneben `meZiebelTa da mayue­drebelTa, Tu viTarisa siRrmisa da sityua­mokleobisagan, viTar sivrced da ganaTlebad miewines eseni (qarTvelebi d. T.) wmidasa mamasa Guensa efTKmes didisa pavles msgavsad sZ­iTa mzrdelsa Guenisa sarGoebisasa da esoden hasakad mimaw­evnelsa, vidreRa aw umtkicesisa sazrdelisaTKs aRvisur­veTo~. efremis azriT, misi Targmanebi `mtkice sazrdelia~ qarTveli mkiTxvelisaTvis, romelic, marTalia, `sZiTaa gazrdili~, magram im asakamdea miwevnuli, rom ukve magar sakvebs iTxovs.

anderZs efremi Gveulebrivi vedrebis formuliT amTa­vrebs: `gevedrebi... yovelTa..., raYTa usasyidlod locvasa momiPsenoT mraval salmobierad mkKdri jojoxeTisaY, yo­vlad ubadruki mcire efrem; SemiwyaleT, wmidano, Semi­wyaleT da sasoebasa Gemsa nu arcxuenT (Jer.13,250r).

grigol nazianzelis Teqvsmetsityviani krebulis `Tavisa anderZSi~ (Jer.43,1r-4r) efremi am krebulis Targmnas­Tan dakavSirebul mraval sakiTxs exeba, maT Soris, dednad SerCeul berZnul teqstebsac. efremis cnobiT, mas dednad hqonia basili gramatikosis mier “ucTomelad da gamowu­lilviT gamarTuli” berZnuli teqsti, risTvisac madlo­biT moixseniebs mas Tavis werilSi: “RmerTman TqueniTa madliTa akurTxen da netar yven suli basili Rramatikosi-saY da Seundven amis dedisa Gemda momcemelTa, ucTomelad da gamowulilviT gaemarTa da yovelni dajerebul iqmnnes amas dedasa” (Jer.43,3r). efremis mier aq dasaxelebul basili gramatikoss k. kekeliZe efremis originalur istoriul Tx­zulebaSi (`uwyebaY mizezTa qarTvelTa moqcevisasa... ~) nax­seneb basili gramatikosad miiGnevs da aRniSnavs: `es basili, albaT, is basili gramatikosia, romelic antioqiis patri­arqs meTerTmete saukunis ormocian wlebSi saqarTveloSi gamougzavnia, efremisave cnobiT, `wvalebisaTKs akakTaYsa~ (kekeliZe, 1980, 265). marTalia, efremis `uwyebaYSi~ miTiTe­buli ar aris TariRi, Tu rodis `warivlina basili Rrama­tikosi wvalebisaTKs akakTaYsa~ saqarTveloSi, magram aRniS­nulia, rom es iyo `netarisa Teodore patriarqisa dReTa~ (efrem mcire, 1959, 10). k. kekeliZis azriT, es momxdara 1042 wels. `rogorc nikon SavmTeli mowmobso~, _ SeniSnavs

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pativcemuli mkvlevari sqolioSi (gv. 265), Tumca nikon SavmTelis romel TxzulebaSia amaze laparaki, igi ar miu­TiTebs. vfiqrobT, `uwyebaYs~ basili Rramatikosis efremis epistoles basilisTan gaigiveba ar aris aucilebeli. Gveni azriT, efremis mier kvirike berisTvis miweril episto­leSi dasaxelebuli basili Rramatikosi SesaZloa iyos X saukunis bizantieli moRvawe, kesaria­kapadokiis episko­posi basili, romelic Tavmdablobis niSnad `˜λαχιστÒs~­ad “Minimus”­ad anu `mcired~, `undod~ iwodeboda, sapirisp­irod IV saukunis saeklesio mamis, aseve kesaria­kapadukiis episkoposis, basili didisa. am basili undos bizantiis im­perator konstantine VII porfirogenetisaTvis (913­959 w. w.) qristeSobis dResaswaulze miurTmevia grigol nazian­zelis 16­sityviani komentirebuli krebuli, romelsac win uZRoda misive epistole imperatorisadmi (oTxmezuri, 1989, 18­31), saidanac irkveva, ra samuSao Gautarebia basilis. mas Seukrebia grigolis homiliebze arsebuli komentarebi, Se­umoklebia, nawilobriv gaumartivebia, daurTavs sakuTari ganmartebebic da am saxiT miurTmevia krebuli konstantine porfirogenetisaTvis.

efrem mcires dednad swored basili undoYs anu basili Rramatikosis Sedgenili amgvari krebulebi hqonia, rasac, efremis epistoles garda, xelnawerTa Gvenebac adasturebs. efremis mier Targmnili grigolis 16­sityviani krebuli swored komentirebuli krebulia (A109,Jer.13,Jer.15,Jer.43,A16,A1338), romelTagan zogierTs am krebulis Semdgenel­redaqtor­komentatoris saxelic Semounaxavs. kerZod, Jer.13 xelnawerSi grigol nazianzelis homiliis `epitafiad didi­sa basilisaTKs~ komentarebs aseTi saTauri aqvs: “Tqumuli basili kesariel protoTronisaY uwyebaY mizezsa raYsaTKs epitafiad zedawarweril ars sakiTxavi ese” (Jer.13.299 r).

amasTanave, rogorc grigol nazianzelis homiliaTa efrem mciriseuli krebulebis mkvlevarma m. rafavam Seni­Sna, efremis krebulebSi homiliebi dalagebulia im rigiT, rogorc es basili undos krebulSia. amave dros, basilis ko­mentarebis Semcvel berZnul nusxebSi aris ramdenime mcire moculobis teqsti (saidaki, 1914, 71), romlebic dasturdeba efremis Targmanebis Semcvel zogierT nusxaSi (Jer.15,Jer.43), rac mkvlevars aZlevs Semdegi varaudis gamoTqmis ufle­

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bas: ̀ 16 litirgikuli homiliis efrem mciris Targmanis Sem­cveli krebulis dedani SesaZloa im berZnul xelnawerebSi viguloT, romelSic basili mciris komentarebia dadasture­buli~ (rafava, 1990, a, g78). radgan efremma swored basili mciris mier komentirebuli krebuli Targmna kvirike beris daJinebuli TxovniT da locva­kurTxeviT, savaraudoa, rom moZRvrisadmi miweril epistoleSic swored berZnuli ded­nis `ucTomelad da gamowulilviT~ gammarTveli basilis moixseniebda, romelic X saukunis moRvawea da ara sxva ba­silis (marTalia, aseve Rramatikosad wodebuls), romelic XI saukunis 40­ian wlebSi antioqiidan saqarTveloSi war­mougzavniaT arianobis wiaRSi aRmocenebuli akakielTa er­esis winaaRmdeg sabrZolvelad.

is, rom efremis epistoleSi efremis xelT arsebuli berZnuli dednis gammarTveli basili ixsenieba Rrama­tikosad da ara `minimusad~, `undod~ an `protoTronad~, rogorc iwodeba is sxva wyaroebSi, vfiqrobT, xels ver SeuSlis efremis epistoles basilis basili minimusTan gaigivebas, radgan basilis Rramatikosad wodebiT xazgas­mulia mis mier gaweuli muSaobis xasiaTi. gramatikosoba efremis erTi sqolios mixedviT, komentirebas, ganmartebas, `siRrmiT Seyinebuli~ adgilebis gasagebad gadmocemasac gulisxmobs (A24,14v; TvalTvaZe, 1993)13* . basili undos mier komentirebul krebulSi swored nazianzelis homiliaTa am­gvari “Zniad gulisPmisayofeli” adgilebia ganmartebuli. albaT amitomac uwodebs teqstis amgvarad dammuSavebel mwignobars efrem mcire gramatikoss.

grigol nazianzelis homiliaTa qarTul Targmanze efrem mciris mier darTuli ara erTi “Seiswave” mowmobs, rom efremsac didi Sroma gauwevia, rom basili grama­tikosis naRvawis msgavsad misi Targmanebic “ucTomeli da gamowulilviT gamarTuli” yofiliyo. rogorc Gans, efremi berZnul teqstebsac udarebda erTmaneTs da Tuki maT So­ris redaqciul sxvaobas SeniSnavda, amis Sesaxeb qarTvel

13 `Rramma~ werilad gamoiTargmanebis, xolo `tikosi~ _ damadnobelad raYTa raJams sTqua `Rrammatikosi~, uwyodi, viTarmed damadnobelsa ityK weri­lisasa, ese igi ars, romeli dahPsnis simyKrtlesa sityuaTasa, siRrmiT SeyinebulTasa~ (A24.14v; gramatikosis movaleobis Sesaxeb efrem mciris naazrevi ix. d. TvalTvaZe, gramatikuli xasiaTis SeniSvnebi efrem mciris TargmanebSi).

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mkiTxvelsac afrTxilebda: “xolo sxuasa dedasa berZulsa” sxvagvarad ewerao. aseTi SeniSvna aqvs darTuli magaliT­ad grigol nazianzelis sityvas “kKprianesaTKs”, sadac te­qstSi ikiTxeba: “da viTar Sehgavs masTa sakuTrebiT pativ­ismcemelTa PorcTa daclaY, sulisa aRslvaY, siborotisa ltolvaY da saTnoebisa aRorZinebaY” (Jer.13,248r). mTargm­neli sagangebo niSniT gamoyofs aq sityvas “aRslvaY” da kideze SeniSnavs: “xolo sxuasa dedasa berZulsa sulisa aR-dgomilebaY” (Jer.13,248r).

msgavsi xasiaTis SeniSvna erTvis grigol nazianzelis imave homilias sxva adgilsac, sadac teqstSi naxsenebia `mama~, mTargmneli aSiaze SeniSnavs: `Seiswave, rameTu ber­Zuli RmrTismetyueli vanaxve Targmansa da mamaY ewera, ara dedaY, arca mSobeli ziar saxeli~ (Jer.13,241r). rogorc Gans, efremis xelT arsebul grigol RvTismetyvelis am homiliis ganmartebaSi (`TargmanSi~) aq yofila sityva `deda~, romlis sisworeSi efrems eWvi Sehparvia, amitomac ̀ berZnuli RmrT­ismetyveliT~ anu grigol nazianzelis homiliis berZnuli teqstiT Seumowmebia es adgili, iq ki, rogorc `SeiswaveSi~ SeniSnavs, `mamaY ewera~ da `ara dedaY~. efremi imasac ki aR­niSnavs, berZnul RmrTismetyvelSi ar weria ara Tu deda, aramed `mSobelic~ ki, romelic `ziar saxelia~, anu saerTo aRmniSvnelia dedisa da mamisa, amitomac qarTul Targman­Sic `mamas~ tovebs.

grigol nazianzelis homiliebTan dakavSirebiT gan­sakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania efrem mciris grigol RmrTis­metyvelis 41­e homilias (`meergasisaTKs da sulis wmidisa) erTi adgilis gamo dawerili efremis ori `Seiswave~. orive `Seiswave~ grigol nazianzelis 41­e homiliis erTsa da imave adgils ganmartavs. maTgan erTi daculia Jer.43 (231r), xolo meore - Jer.13(213v) xelnawerSi. RvTismetyvelis teqstis imave gansamartavi pasaJis gaswvriv aSiaze orive sqolio erTad aris warmodgenili A 109 nusxaSi, rac gvafiqrebinebs, rom am sqolioebs sxvadasxva daniSnuleba aqvT.

grigolis homiliaSi saubaria ricxv `Svidis~ pativis­cemis Sesaxeb. `Svideulsa pativ scemen ebraelTa yrmani sjulisdebiTgan mosesiT ... dReTa ukue SKdeulni Soben meergasesa. esreT SKdricxobisa pativiscemaman pativi meer­gasisaY Semoiyvana, rameTu SKdi Tavisa TKsisa zeda darTuli

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Sobs meergasesa erTiTa naklul dRiTa... xolo pativisaTKs SKdisa mravalni wameben, garna Guen mravalTagan mciredi kma gueyos”­o, aRniSnavs nazianzeli da GamoTvlis ramdenimes: `codvaTagan ara xolo SKdgzis, aramed sameocdaaT­SKdgzis Seendobvis, kaen SKdgzis daisjebis... Svidgzis dResa Sina RmerTi iqebis... gulisPma­vyof SKd sayKrTaca iso­navean­isaTa da esodenTave garemovlaTa da dReTa da mRdelTa SKdobasa, romelTagan daiZrKan zRudeni ieriqoYsni, viTar­igi sam STabervasaca elia winaYswarmetyuelisasa sarefTes qurivis Zisa cxorebisa mimfenelsa... ~ (Jer.43,231r).

grigol RKTismetyvelis homiliidan es vrceli nawyveti sagangebod moviyvaneT, rom advili dasanaxi yofiliyo, ram gamoiwvia efrem mciris daeWveba. mTeli msjeloba iqiTkenaa mimarTuli, rom Svidi gansakuTrebuli, sakraluri ricxvia, risTvisac araerTi magaliTia damowmebuli da am konte­qstSi naxsenebia elia winaswarmetyvelis mier sarefTeli qvrivi qalis Svilis gacocxleba sam STaberviT. amitomac efrems, romelsac SeumGnevia Seusabamoba mis xelT arsebul grigolis berZnuli teqstis am monakveTsa da am pasaJis ba­sili minimusiseul komentars Soris (sakiTxavSi iyo `sam­STaberva eliaYsi~, xolo berZen komentators ganmartebuli hqonda `Svidmoqceva eliaYsi~), sagangebod gamoukvlevia es sakiTxi da kvlevis Sedegebi kideze darTul “SeiswaveSi” Seujamebia: “Seiswave”, rameTu ese SKdmoqcevaY eliaYsi arca sawinaswarmetyueloTa Sina ipoebis da arca zogTa RmrT­ismetyuelTa. vinaYca saZiebel ars, Tu sadaYaT moRebul ars amisa SKdmoqcevaY eliaYsi, romeli me mas dedasa, rom­lisagan vTargmnen ese RmrTismetyuelisa sakiTxavni, esreT vpoe, viTarmed: “viTar-igi saidumlod sam STabervasaca elia winaYswarmetyuelisasa” da egreTve miTargmnia sity­uaY ese, viTa mun vpoen. rameTu elisesTKs oden weril ars sawinaswarmetyuelosa Sina SKdgzis moqcevaY, romlisa Tana SKdgzis SeikunZa, xolo aqa kula esreT vTargmne, viTa vpoe da egreTve sxvaTaca zogTa RmrTismetyuelTa ipoebis ber-Zulad da mamasa efTKmes egreTve uTargmnia, SemindeviT, Tu ese iyos, aha, winaSe ars, Tu [samis]Tvis, viTa Gemsa dedasa Sina ewera, maSin ese Targmani sam STabervisaTKsca igi Targ­mnis, Tu viTar swor ricxued ars sami SKdisaY” (Jer.43,231r.).

efremis es sqolio Seqmnili unda iyos efremis mier

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grigol nazianzelis homilis teqstisa da misi komentare­bis Targmnis procesSi. masSi dafiqsirebulia saeWvo adgi­lis Sesaxeb mTargmnelis mier am etapze Gatarebuli kvle­vis Sedegebi: efrems Seumowmebia mis xelT arsebuli ded­nis wakiTxvis siswore, risTvisac ramdenime mimarTulebiT warumarTavs muSaoba: erTmaneTisaTvis Seudarebia grigol RvTismetyvelis am homiliis berZnuli nusxebi, magram amas sakiTxis gadawyvetis saSualeba ar miucia, radgan “zogTa RmrTismetyvelTa” elias Svidmoqceva ewera, xolo “sxu-aTa berZulTa dedaTa” ki “sam STabervaY elia winaYswarme­tyuelisaY”. nazianzelis homiliis berZnuli dednebis Se­darebis Semdeg efrems pirvelwyarosTvis miumarTavs, “sawi­naswarmetyueloTa Sina” mouZebnia Sesabamisi adgilebi da aseT daskvnamde misula, rom “ese SKdmoqcevaY eliaYsi arca sawinaswarmetyueloTa Sina ipoebis..., rameTu elisesTKs oden weril ars sawinaswarmetyuelosa Sina Svidgzis mo­qcevaY, romlisa Tana SKdgzis SeikunZa” (IV mef. 4, 34­35)14, xolo elias Sesaxeb arsad weria, rom “msgavsad elisessa Svidgzis moqceul da SekunZvil iyo eliaca. garna samgzis STahbera oden” (III mef. 17, 17­20)15 Semdeg efrems nazian­zelis TxzulebaTa komentarebSic mouZebnia Sesabamisi ad­gili, magram “Targmanic amasve Targmnis”, e. i. iqac elias Svidmoqceobaze yofila saubari. efrems Seumowmebia am homoliis eqvTime aToneliseuli Targmanis Sesabamisi ad­gilic, romelSic es muxli asea Targmnili: ` gulisPma yav SKdgzis moqcevasa mas elia winaswarmtyuelisasa~. radgan mis berZnul dedanSi eqvTimes berZnuli dednisgan, agreTve, bizantieli komentatoris, basili minimusis mier gansamar­tavad aRebuli berZnuli teqstisagan gansxvavebuli vari­antuli wakiTxva dasturdeba, berZnul nusxebs Soris ar­sebuli sxvaoba efrems arGevanis winaSe ayenebs, romeli maTganis Gvenebas mianWos upiratesoba da miuxedavad yvela­frisa, erTguli rGeba Tavisi berZnuli dednisa, romelsac `ueWK da sandod~ miiGnevs: `mas dedasa, romlisagan vTarg­

14 da aRPda da daawva zeda yrmasa da dasdva piri TKsi zeda pirsa missa da Tualni misni zeda TualTa misTa, Pelni misni PelTa misTa da SeikunZa mas zeda da gantfes Porcni yrmisani mis. da aRsdga elise da mivlo saxlsa mas Sina imier­amier da aPda meored, daawva yrmisa mas zeda SKdgzis da aRixila yrmaman man Tualni TKsni~ (mef. IV; 4, 34­35).

15 `da dahbera samgzis yrmasa mas da xadoda ufalsa... ~ (III mefeT. 17, 17­22)*

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men ese RmrTismetyuelisa sakiTxavni, esreT vpoe, viTarmed: “viTar-igi saidumlod sam STabervasaca elia winaYswarme-tyuelisasa”~ da egreTve miTargmnia sityuaY ese, viTa mun vpoen~. efremi am gansxvavebuli variantis teqstSi gaGenis axsnasac cdilobs: “ese Targmani sam STabervisaTKsca igi Targmnis, Tu viTar swor ricxued ars sami SvidisaY”.

efrems am sakiTxis kvleva amiT ar dausrulebia. `saZiebel ars, Tu sadaYaT moRebul ars amisa SKdmoqcevaY eliaYsi~­ wers is. meore ierusalimuri xelnaweris sqolio­Si Jer.13(213v) swored Semdgomi kvlevis Sedegebi unda iyos asaxuli. ̀ Seiswave, viTarmed sxuaTa berZulTa dedaTa esreT ipova, ̀ viTar igi SKd moqcevasaca elia winaswarmetyuelisa-sa sarefTe” da Targmani amasve Targmnis. garna amas dedasa, romel me mqonda, ese saidumlod samSTabervaY ewera, viTa aqa damiweria. da arca sawinaswarmetyueloTa Sina ipoebis, Tuca msgavsad elisessa SKdgzis moqceul da SekunZvil iyo eliaca, garna samgzis STahbera oden” (Jer.13.213v.)

rogorc am SeniSvnidan Gans, efrems upovia iseTi berZnu­li xelnawerebi, romlebSic dasturdeba elias Sesaxeb var­iantuli wakiTxva _ ~SKdmoqcevaY eliasi~, ris ganmarteba­sac iZleva berZeni komentatori. magram, miuxedavad amisa, efremi mainc erTguli rGeba im berZnuli dednisa, romelic mas Targmnisas hqonia xelT.

efrem mciris `mozraxul~ anderZebsa da `SeiswaveebSi~ dacul cnobebs garkveuli mniSvneloba aqvT rogorc grig­ol nazianzelis TxzulebaTa berZnuli dednebis urTierT­mimarTebis, aseve grigolis homiliaTa qarTuli Targmanis dednis dadgenisaTvisac. efrem mciris mier dednad gamoy­enebuli manuskripti im nusxaTa Sorisaa saZiebeli, sadac `elias samSTaberva~, `sulTa aRdgomileba~ da efremis mier miTiTebuli amgvari gansxvavebuli wakiTxvebi gvaqvs.

b)grigol RvTismetyvelis TxzulebaTa Targmanze darTu-li sxva anderZebi. Teqvsmetsityviani sadResaswaulo kre­bulebis garda, efrem mcirem grigol nazianzelis mravali sxva Txzulebac Targmna (bregaZe, 1971, 435­414). maTgan udidesi nawili Tavmoyrilia 1800 wels ioane oses Zis mier gadaweril xelnawerSi (A292), romelic, rogorc gadamweris anderZidan irkveva, nazianzelis TxzulebaTa efrem mciri­

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seuli Targmanebis Semcveli "or tomedi" dednisaganaa gad­awerili (A292, 405r).

krebulSi gaerTianebuli 43 statiidan 25, romelTagan zogierTs mTargmnelis anderZic axlavs, mxolod am nusxam Semogvinaxa (A292 xelnaweri krebulis Sedgenilobis Sesaxeb ix. rafava, 1990, . 79­84; lafonteni, metreveli, 1983, 63­70). kerZod, A292 xelnawerSi daculi gvaqvs efrem mciris Sem­degi anderZebi:

1) anderZi, darTuli ivlianes meore gansaqiqebeli si­tyvis (Or.5) Targmanze (A 292,215v).

2) anderZi, darTuli grigolis sityvis `maTda mimarT, romelTa dasabamsave Semdgomad xucobisa mouwodes mas aRvsebisaTKs da ara wina daemTxKnes mas~ (Or.3) Targmanze (A292, 279v).

3) anderZi, romelic erTvis grigolis (Or.27) homilias (`evnomianosTa mimarT da RmrTismetyuelebisaTKs winagan­bWoba~ (A292, 314v).

4) anderZi, romelic mTargmnels daurTavs grigolis sityvis (Or.47) `metafrasi eklesiastisa" qarTul Targmanze (A292,329 r-v).

efremis es anderZebi gamoqveynebulia orjer. pirvelad isini daibeWda k. kekeliZis saxelobis xelnawerTa insti­tutis A fondis xelnawerTa aRwerilobaSi 1980 wels (A I ,3), xolo meored 1988 wels T. bregaZis mier Sedgenil nazianxe­lis TxzulebaTa qarTuli Targmanebis Semcvel xelnawerTa aRwerilobaSi (bregaZe, 1988, 171­172; 174­175; 182)16

efremis oTxi anderZidan pirveli sami konkretuli Tx­zulebis TargmnasTan dakavSirebul sakiTxebs exeba, xolo meoTxe ki grigolis TxzulebaTa sruli krebulis Targmnis damTavrebis gamoa dawerili (329 r-v). igi erTvis am krebulSi 37­e nomrad Setanil Txzulebas, `metafrasi eklesiastesi~, romelsac berZnuli xelnawerebi SecdomiT miaweren grigol nazianzels. misi avtoria grigol neokesarieli sakvirkel­moqmedi (P.G. X,col. 988­1017; kekeliZe, 1980, 258, 463; misive

16 T. bregaZis aRwerilobaSi xelnaweris paginacia 3 furcliT sxvaobs A fondis aRwerilobis paginaciisagan, amitomac A I,3­Si da T. bregaZis aRwerilobaSi miTiTebuli gverdebi erTmaneTs ar emTxveva. Gven T. bregaZis aRwerilobis mixedviT vuTiTebT gver­debs.

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et. V, 25, 36). berZnul xelnawerTa kvaldakval es Txzuleba grigol nazianzelisad miaGnia efrem mciresac. misi Targ­mniT efrems, rogorc anderZidan irkveva, dausrulebia grigolis 50 sityviani krebulis qarTulad gadmoTargmna: `romelni akldes ergasisTa maT TavTa mier Sesrulebulsa wignsa wmida grigori RmrTismetyuelisasa da aw ars mo­madlebiTa SeniTa qarTuladca unaklulo ricxK sakiTxav­Ta misTa, viTar­igi berZulad da yovelive berZulisagan~ (A292,331 r-v).

grigol nazianzelis TxzulebaTa Semcvel berZnul xelnawerebSi Sedgenilobisa da homiliaTa raodenobis TvalsazrisiT erTgvarovani suraTi araa. nazianzelis ho­miliaTa sruli korpusi Seicavs zog xelnawerebSi 45 homi­lias da 10 danamats (anu teqstebs, romlebic sakiTxavebs ar warmoadgenen, magram tradiciiT homiliaTa krebulSi arian GarTuli). xelnawerTa meore jgufSi homiliaTa raodenobaa 47, an 52 (Sinko, 1923). rogorc efrem mciris anderZidan irkveva, efremi icnobda da sargeblobda iseTi krebuliT, romelic `ergasisi Tavisagan~ anu 50 Txzulebisagan Sedge­boda.

anderZidan cxadi xdeba, rom efremis mTargmnelobiTi saqmianoba mimarTuli iyo iqiTken, rom qarTul enaze ar­sebuliyo grigolis homiliaTa sruli korpusi, Tanac `vi­Tar igi berZulad [ars] da yovelive berZulisagan~. amitom efremis muSaoba, erTi mxriv, iqiTken warimarTa, rom eTarg­mna qarTulad grigolis is sakiTxavebi, romlebic aqamde ar yofila Targmnili (sul 20 Txzuleba) da amiT ̀ srulqmnili­yo ricxvi sakiTxavTaY~ da, meore mxriv, xelaxla Targmna da `berZulisada miiyvana~ wina mTargmnelTa (daviT tbeli, eqvTime mTawmindeli) mier berZnulidan ukve gadmoRebuli sakiTxavebi (sul 20 Txzuleba). efremma xelaxla Targmna grigol oSkelis mier somxuridan Targmnili 27­e sityvac swored imitom, rom `yovelive berZulisagan~ Targmnili yofiliyo. e. i. efrems sul uTargmnia grigol nazianzelis 41 Txzuleba (rafava, 1990, 82­84), rac daviT tbelisa da eqvTime aTonelis TargmanebTan erTad marTlac Seadgens srul korpuss grigol RvTismetyvelis Txzulebebisa.

aRsaniSnavia, rom nazianzelis TxzulebaTa sruli ko­rpusis qarTulad gadmoRebisas efremis xelSemwyob pirad

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am anderZSic beri sabaa dasaxelebuli (saba sulaYs Ze Tux­areli), romelTanac erTad ixsenieba beri antonic (antoni tbeli). swored maTi locviT miemadla `umsgavsosa monasa efrem mcires, raYTa viTarca ZaRlman molokos nabiWevisa­gan dacKvnebulisa wmidaTa maT pirTagan evTimi mTawmideli­sa da daviT tbelisa neSti sakiTxavTa~ (A292, 329 r).

anderZis bolos mTargmneli TxovniT mimarTavs yvelas, `romelni ikiTxviden, hswerden, gina kiTxvasa amaTsa ismind­en~, Seudon da miuteon uricxvi codvani da usjuloebani mas da zemoT xsenebul mamebTan erTad locvasa Sina moix­senion.

rogorc aRvniSneT, A 292 krebulSi efremis kidev sami anderZi gvaqvs daculi. maTgan pirveli erTvis ivliane gandgomilis gansaqiqeblad grigolis mier warmTqmul me­ore sityvas (Or.5), saidanac irkveva, rom efremma Targmna nazianzelis es Txzuleba imitom, rom `srul iqmnas pir­velsave Tana~ (igulisxmeba ivlianes gansaqiqebeli pirveli sityva (Or.4), romelic daviT tbelis mier yofila Targmni­li). `mozraxulis~ darTva am TargmanisaTvis, rogorc Gans, gamouwvevia imas, rom gansxvavebiT grigolis sxva sakiTxave­bisagan es sityva mTavrdeba ara Gveulebrivi didebis for­muliT, aramed Semdegi sityvebiT: ̀ ... ikadros vinme msgavsad Sensa RmerTsa zeda aRdgomileba da numca KieT ukadrebies, raYTa arca maTca sworive Sensa SeemTxKos misagebeli~ (A 292, 215v), ris gamoc, SesaZloa, is vinmes usruli, daumTa­vrebeli egonos17* , magram efremi afrTxilebs mkiTxvels: "ubolood datevebisaTKs nu vis usruli hgonies, rameTu berZulad esreT ars Tqmuli wmidisa".

am konkretuli SemTxvevis gamo efremi friad sainter­eso msjelobas gvTavazobs: "aTormetni Pelovnebani arian berZenTa swavlulebisani da TiTeuli aRmwereli miT saxi­Ta aRmwerlobs, raYca Pelovneba eswavos aTormetTa maTgan: Rramatikosoba, gina filosofosoba, ritoreba, anu mkur­naloba, musikeloba, anu queynismzomeloba, varkulavTm­ricxueloba, anu ricxKTmoqmedeba, bunebaTmetyueleba, anu

17 Sdr.: ivlianes gansaqiqebeli I sityvis dasaruli: `romlisaY ars didebaY, ZlierebaY, simtkice da sufevaY TanadausabamoYT mamiT da yovlad wmidiT, cxovelsmyofeliT suliT misiTurT aw da maradis da ukuniTi ukunisamde, amin~. (bregaZe, 1988, 22­39).

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nivTTmetyueleba, PelovnebaTa saqme, anu wesi brZolisaY". sxva aRmwerelni, romlebic aq GamoTvlili Tormeti "Pelovnebidan" erT­erTs arian dauflebulni, "miT saxiTa aRmwereloben", rac uswavliaT. xolo grigoli, "wmidaY ese da didi RmrTismetyueli, amiT yovliT sruliad swavluli" iyo da amitomac "yovliTa amiTa Seamkobs TqmulTa TKsTa". efremis azriT, grigoli sakiTxavis ubolood datove­bas Segnebulad mimarTavs, rogorc mxatvrul xerxs: "sxKsa Pelovnebisa ars daboloeba da sxKsa ara daboloeba".

aRsaniSnavia am anderZSi efremis mier Gamoyalibebuli erT­erTi mTargmnelobiTi principic: "Sedarebulad ber­Zulisa uboloo ubolood da daboloebuli daboloebu­lad miTargmnia; arca sxKsa sakiTxavisa bolo Gemisa bolod damiZs, aramed ukueTu aw TargmnilTa bolo sxuaTada visme miexveWis, igi TKssave adgilsa kualad migia".

ubolood datovebulis daboloebis survili romc hqonoda mTargmnels, amis gakeTeba gaumarTlebeli iqnebo­da imitomac, rom mas ar eqneboda "oqsinoY saolavad skara­mangisa", xolo rogorc efremi SeniSnavs, "flasiTa ver dav­olevdio". es metafora kidev erTxel usvams xazs grigolis TxzulebaTa brwyinvalebasa da sidiades. Zvirfasi qsoviliT naqsovi skaramangis dasaboloeblad isev Zvirfasi oqsinoa saWiro da ara "flasiT daolva", anu ubralo, mdare xarisx­is ZafiT gasruleba, rogoric iqneboda, efremis azriT, am sakiTxavisaTvis is mier miwerili dasasruli.

meore anderZi grigol nazianzelis mesame sityvas ("mimwodebelTa mimarT da aradamTxveulTa Semdgomad xu­cobisa", (Or.3) Targmans erTvis, romelSic efremi bibli­ografiuli xasiaTis saintereso cnobas gvawvdis: `sacnaur iyavn, viTarmed, ese sakiTxavi qarTulsa Sina ars da esreT iwyebis, `raYsaTKs, Zmano Gemno, udeb iqmneniT~. ese Tavad dauZs da simcroYsaTKs amisisa `viZlie~ TanadaurTavs. uka­naYskula `viZlie~ kideganad uTargnia, romlisaTKsca amaT yuedrebaTa da sxKsa sakiTxavisa sxKsa TanamokrebaTa aRh­sZrnen sxuani iZulebad da mZlavrebad Guenda didsa mas kadrebasa meored Targmnisas~ (A292,279v). efremis cnobiT, grigolis mesame sityvis qarTuli Targmani aqamdec hqo­niaT qarTvelebs. es sakiTxavi eqvTimes uTargmnia (efrems am Targmanis dasawyisi sityvebic mohyavs: `raYsaTKs, Zmano

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Gemno, udeb iqmneniT~), magram imis gamo, rom grigolis es sityva Zalian mokle yofila, eqvTimes misTvis grigolis meore Txzulebac (Or. 2) TanadaurTavs, romelsac efremi dasawyisi sityvis mixedviT `viZlies~ uwodebs. e. i. eqvTimes TargmanSi erTmaneTze gadabmulia grigolis ori sityva (Or. 3 da Or. 2), rac SeuniSnavT ara marto qarTvel mwignobrebs, romlebic amitomac aiZulebdnen efrems xelaxla eTargm­na isini, aramed berZnebsac, romlebic amis gamo sayvedu­robdnen qarTvelebs. `guayuedrebdes berZennio, ~ _ Seni­Snavs efremi. `maTTa yuedrebaTagan berman kirile aleqsan­drielman mravalTa welTa mmZlavra da kadrnier­myo me ax­lad Targmnad aTequsmetTa sadResaswauloTa da amas erTsa aporitTagansa~. aq dasaxelebuli kirile aleqsandrieli, ra Tqma unda, igive kKrike aleqsandrielia, romelic efremis sxva anderZebidan aris cnobili, rogorc iniciatori na­zianzelis Teqvsmetsityviani krebulebis Targmnisa. xolo `aTeqvsmet sadResaswaulosTan~ erTad dasaxelebuli `erTi aporita~ anu dafaruli sityva, grigolis swored is sity­vaa, romelsac erTvis es anderZi (Or.27). `aporitaSi~ (berZn. ¢πÒρρητος, romlis mniSvnelobaa dafaruli) efremi gulisx­mobs im sityvebs, romlebic 16 sadResaswaulo sakiTxavebSi ar Sedioda da naklebad iyo cnobili mkiTxvelisaTvis (be­zaraSvili, 1986). 16 liturgikuli homilia RvTismsaxure­bis dros ikiTxeboda, amdenad "wasakiTxi" (¢ναγινοσκÒµενοι) iyo da gancxadebuli, xolo danarGeni ki liturgiis dros ar ikiTxeboda, amdenad "arawasakiTxi" (µή ¢ναγινοσκÒµενοι) da dafaruli (rafava, 1990, 80). garda zemoT dasaxelebuli erTi homiliisa, efrems uTargmnia kidev 19 amgvari "apori­ta". Tanac isini uTargmnia uwinares, vidre kvirike aleqsan­drielis davalebiT grigolis Teqvsmetsityvian krebulebs xelaxla Targmnida: "xolo aTcxrametni igi aporitaTagan, pirvel Gemganve Targmnili sityuadarTviT da misve mamisa da moZRurisa kualsa SedgomiTa iTargmnes Gemgan"­o (A292, 279v), aRniSnavs efremi. garda efremis mier aq mowodebuli bibliografiuli xasiaTis cnobisa, yuradRebas iqcevs Sem­degic: efrems 19 arawasakiTxi sityva grigolisa uTargm­nia `sityuadarTviT~, mamisa eqvTimes kvalsa SedgomiT~ e. i. eqvTimesTvis damaxasiaTebeli meTodiT. magram efremi iqve xazgasmiT aRniSnavs, rom efremis ̀ Semateba­klebis~ meTodi­

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dan mas mxolod erTi mxare _ `Semateba~ gamouyenebia, Targ­manisaTvis masac sityva daurTavs, xolo rac Seexeba klebas, efremi amasTan dakavSirebiT acxadebs: `jerGinebiT da neb­siT uTargmneli sityuaY ara damigdiao~. amasTanave, efremi imasac usvams xazs, rom mis mier eqvTimes kvalsa SedgomiT 19 homiliis TargmanSi ̀ sxKsa sakiTxavi sxKsa ara GaurTavs~ e. i. araferi gadauadgilebia, gadaubams an moukvecia berZnuli teqstebisaTvis, rac, rogorc konteqstidan irkveva, efrems eqvTimes damaxasiaTebel meTodad miaGnda.

mTargmnelis mokle anderZi erTvis A 292­Si Semaval kidev erT Txzulebas: esaa grigolis homilia ̀ evnomianosTa mimarT da RmrTismetyuelTa winaganbWoba~ (Or.27), romelic adre grigol oSkels uTargmnia somxuridan, xolo efrems ki berZnulidan gadmouRia, `rameTu somexisa Svilsa, berZnisa­da SvilisSvilsaRa, nuukue da ara ueWuelsa, TKT ueWK da sakuTari Svili arGia~ (A292, 314r).

rogorc vxedavT, grigol nazianzelis homiliaTa Targ­manebze darTuli efrem mciris kolofonebi sakmaod srul warmodgenas gviqmnian grigolis homiliaTa qarTulad gad­moRebis istoriis gasaTvaliswieblad.

ioane damaskelis `wyaro codnisas~ Targmanze darTuli wina-sityvaoba da anderZi. ioane damaskelis "Πηγή γνèσεως" anu "wyaro codnisa" sami nawilisagan Semdgari Zeglia. misi pirveli nawili warmoadgens e. w. "dialeqtikas" (Κεφ£λαια φιλοσοφικ£), meore nawils ewodeba "wvalebaTaTKs" (Περˆ αἰρέσεων), xolo mesame nawilia "gardamocema ucilobeli marTlmadidebelisa sarwmunoebisaY" (῍Εκδοσις ¢κριβ¾ς τÁς ÑρθωδÒξου πίστεωος).

`wyaros codnisas" pirveli nawili, anu ̀ dialeqtika" war­moadgens Txzulebis ZiriTadi nawilisaTvis ("gardamocema") filosofiur Sesavals, II nawili (`wvalebaTaTKs~), sadac sxvadasxva mwvaleblobaTa warmoSobis istoriaa moTxro­bili _ istoriul Sesavals, xolo mesame, ZiriTad nawil­Si, romelsac `gardamocema~ ewodeba, damaskeli WeSmariti moZRvrebis ZiriTad dogmebs gadmogvcems.

qarTul enaze ioane damaskelis `wyaro codnisas~ ori nawilia Targmnili: `dialeqtika~ da `gardamocema~. misi Sua nawili _ ̀ wvalebaTaTKs~ qarTul enaze ar uTargmniaT. ioane

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damaskelis `dialeqtika~ ori TargmaniT (efrem mcirisa da arsen iyalToelisa), xolo `gardamocema~ ki sami TargmaniT (eqvTime aTonelis, efrem mciris da arsen iyalToelis) aris cnobili.

`dialeqtikis~ da `gardamocemis~ efrem mciriseuli Targmanebi sami xelnaweriTaa Gvenamde moRweuli (A24, 1r-137v; A406,1r-49v; S 1358,13r-38v). maTgan yvelaze srulia XII saukuneSi efrem mciris avtografidan gadanusxuli A 24 xelnaweri, romelSic ioane damaskelis Txzulebis teqsts wamZRvarebuli aqvs mTargmnelis vrceli anderZ­winasity­vaoba (1r-4r), xolo boloSi erTvis mokle anderZi (A24, 138r). efrem mciris winasityvaoba Semonaxulia damaskelis Tx­zulebis efremiseuli Targmanebis Semcvel A406 (2r-7v) da S 1358 (8r-11r) xelnawerebSic, romlebic XVII­XVIII saukuneebis krebulebia. amaTgan pirvelSi mxolod `dialeqtikis~ Targ­mani gvaqvs (10r-49v), xolo meoreSi mxolod `gardamocemisa~ (13r-38v). rac Seexeba `boloYsa anderZs~, is mxolod uZveles A 24 xelnawerSi SemogvrGa.

`wyaro codnisas~ Sesavalic da anderZic ramdenjer­mea gamoqveynebuli. maTi pirveli publikacia T. Jordanias ekuTvnis (Jordania, 1892, 215­219). efremis winasityvaoba daibeWda 1902 wels gamosul e. TayaiSvilis Sedgenil wera­kiTxvis gamavrcelebeli sazogadoebis xelnawerTa aRweri­lobaSi (TayaiSvili, 1902, 710­717); 1926 wels s. gorgaZem dabeWda efremis Sesavali zandukiTurT da ioane damaske­lis epistole kozma maiumelisadmi (gorgaZe, 1926, 182­192); 1975 wels efremis winasityvaoba da anderZi gamoqveynda A fondis xelnawerTa aRwerilobis I tomSi (A I,1). xolo 1976 wels efremis anderZebis teqsti zandukiTurT daibeWda m. rafavas mier gamocemul ioane damaskelis `dialeqtikis~ qarTuli Targmanebis teqstTan erTad (damaskeli, 1976, 66­70).

efrem mciris winasityvaoba, romelsac xelnawerSi aseTi saTauri aqvs: `zanduki da Sesavali wignisa amis, romelsa ewodebis gardamocemaY, Tqumuli wmidisa mamisa Guenisa io­ane damaskelisa~, oTxi nawilisagan Semdgar `mozraxulad~ warmogvidgeba. a)zanduki "safilosofoso Tavebisa" anu "di­aleqtikisa" (A24, 1r); b)Sesavali "dialeqtikisaTvis" ("ese er­gasisni Tavni ricxuedni...), romelsac A 24 xelnaweris 1r-v

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uWiravs; g)zanduki "gardamocemisa", anu "saeklesio Taveb­isa" (1v-2v) da d)Sesavali "gardamocemisa" (aha, esera, gqonan asni Tavni saeklesioni...), romelic xelnaweris 2v-4r gver­debze gvaqvs. aRsaniSnavia, rom zandukebi, anu TavTa saZie­beli, `dialeqtikis~ da `gardamocemis~ teqstebs berZnul xelnawerebSi wina aqvT darTuli, rasac mosdevs ioane dam­askelis epistole kozma maiumelisadmi, romelic erTgvari winasityvaobaa mTeli trilogiisaTvis. masSi gamoTqmulia avtoris mosazrebebi nawarmoebis struqturis, mizandasax­ulobisa da Sedgenis principebis Sesaxeb. ioane damaskelis am TxzulebaTa arseni iyalToeliseul TargmanSic teqsts zanduki da maiumis episkoposisadmi miwerili epistole iw­yebs (damaskeli, 1976, 64­75), xolo efrem mciris TargmanSi `dialeqtikis~ da ̀ gardamocemis~ zandukebs Soris GarTulia mTargmnelis `mozraxuli~ safilosofoso Tavebis qarTu­lad Targmnis Sesaxeb, xolo `gardamocemis~ TavTa saZieb­lis Semdeg vrceli msjeloba ̀ saeklesio Tavebis~ qarTulad gadmoRebis Taobaze. efremis es mozraxuli struqturulad, marTalia, oTxi nawilisagan Sedgeba, magram Sinaarsobli­vad es erTi mTliani Zeglia da funqciurad warmoadgens mTargmnelis winasityvaobas, sadac mravali mniSvnelovani istoriul­literaturuli xasiaTis cnobaa mocemuli.

upirveles yovlisa, efrem mcire ganmartavs "dialeq­tikis", rogorc filosofiuri Sromis mniSvnelobas, exeba filosofiisa da Teologiis urTierTobis problemas, "sa­filosofoso swavlulebaTa" gamoyenebis sakiTxs. efremi xazgasmiT aRniSnavs, rom mis mier Sesrulebuli Targma­ni "dialeqtikisa" aris qarTul enaze Targmnili pirveli filosofiuri xasiaTis wigni: "sxuaY araraY odes Targmnila safilosofosoTa wignTaganio" (1v). marTalia, Zneli iyo misi qarTulad gadmoReba, magram aucilebelic, radgan im­denad didia am wignisagan miRebuli sibrZne da `gulisPmisy­ofaY~, rom zogierTma SeiZleba amis gamo `uPmaradac~ mii­Gnios. magram efrems sjera, rom `ukueTu oden mouwyinebe­lad vrekdeT zedaYszeda kiTxviTa, ueWuelad gangueRos kari gulisPmisyofisaY~ (1v). efremi aseve darwmunebulia, rom `arca eseni (`saeklesio Tavni~) srul arian umaTod, arc igini (`safilosofoso Tavni~) uamaTod~.

SesavalSi mTargmneli msjelobs amgvari wignebis dan­

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iSnulebis Sesaxebac: `amaT mier winaaRudgebian Svilni ek­lesiisani gareSeTa maT filosofosTa da maTiTave isriTa ganhguremden maT, rameTu TKnier amaT sityuaTaYsa sxuebr SeuZlebel ars sityKs­gebaY winaaRmdgomTaY~(1r).

metad mniSvnelovania winasityvaobis is nawili, sadac efrem mciris mTargmnelobiTi saqmianobis ZiriTadi princ­ipebis Sesaxebaa saubari. efremi msjelobs, Tu rogor unda iTargmnebodes wignebi maT ideur Tu stilistur Tavisebu­rebaTa Sesabamisad. misi azriT, teqsts unda axldes sqoli­oebi `Znelovani~ adgilebis gansamartavad, oRond amgvar ganmartebaTa taqstSi GarTva dauSvebelia, isini aSiebze an SesavalSi unda moTavsdes.

winasityvaobaSi efrem mcire gamoTqvams mosazrebebs wignTa kazmvis, anu metafrazirebis Sesaxeb. misi azriT, gardakazmva ar SeiZleba iseTi wignebis, romlebic `wmidaTa mier Tqumul da marTlmadidebel mamaTa aRwerilia~. ̀ vervin ikadrebs Sexebad~ saxarebebisa, pavle mociqulis episto­leebisa da sxva amgvar wignTa. amgvari wignebis rigSi moi­azrebs efremi ioane damaskelis Txzulebebsac, romlebic `ara jer­ars, raYTa sxKsa visganme Sekazmulad~ sagonebel­iyos.

SesavalSi efrem mcire gvaZlevs sayuradRebo liter­aturul cnobas `gardamocemis~ eqvTime aToneliseuli Targmanis raobis Sesaxeb, romelsac qarTulad `winamZRu­ari~ ewodeba. efremi afrTxilebs qarTvel mkiTxvels, rom `winamZRuari~ berZnulSi cnobilia rogorc anastasi sine­lis Sroma, eqvTime aTonels ki es saxeli uwodebia ioane damaskelis `gardamocemis~ gamokrebili TargmanisaTvis. iqve efremi SeniSnavs: `xolo ese ara uwyi, Tu TKT mamasa efKmis gamoukrebia, anu berZnulad esreT upovniao~.

gansakuTrebiT sainteresoa winasityvaobis is nawili, romelic `wertiliTa gakueTilobas~ Seexeba, sadac efremi Tavis mier Gamoyalibebuli punqtuaciuri sistemis Sesaxeb msjelobs, romelic mas beri ioane faraknelis rGeviT Seu­muSavebia da gamouyenebia ioane damaskelis `wyaro codni­sas~ TargmanSi. radgan efremis mier aq mowodebuli cnobis Sesaxeb ("pirvelTa maT TargmanTa araraY eRuawaT wertil-iTa gakueTisaTKs sakiTxavTaYsa") Gven samecniero liter­aturaSi gamoTqmuli mosazrebisagan gansxvavebuli azri

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gvaqvs, SedarebiT vrclad SevexebiT efremis punqtuaciur sistemasTan dakavSirebul sakiTxebs.

cnobilia, rom Tavdapirvelad, uZveles werilobiT ZeglebSi, sasveni niSnebi ar ixmareboda, sityvebi da wina­dadebebi erTmaneTisagan dacilebuli ar iyo, maTi gan­calkeveba TviTon mkiTxvels uxdeboda (klasovski, 1882; gardthauzeni, 1913; filamanski, 1882; gronigeni, 1955; java­xiSvili, 1949; dobiaS­raJdestvenskaia, 1936; Gerepini, 1956). "didxans, saukuneTa ganmavlobaSi, kacobriobas gankveTisa da sasveni niSnebis saWiroebaze warmodgenac ar hqonda da uamaTod werda da kiTxulobda. amitom gankveTilobisa da sasveni niSnebi SedarebiT gvian gaGnda, maTi aucileblobis Sesaxeb azric nel­nela ganmtkicda da mxolod TandaTano­biT Gamoyalibda maTi xmarebis wesrigic" (javaxiSvili, 1949, 144).

sasveni niSnebis warmoSoba mWidrodaa dakavSirebuli Zvel saberZneTSi gramatikis ganviTarebasTan. berZenma gramatikosebma SeimuSaves sasven niSanTa sxvadasxvagvari sistemebi, romlebic Txzulebis Sinaarsis ukeT gagebas emsaxurebodnen da amave dros sadeklamacio daniSnuleba hqondaT (gardthauzeni, 1913, 397). aleqsandrieli grama­tikosebis mier berZnul xelnawerebSi gamoyenebuli niSna­Ta sistemam gaaadvila manamde gabmulad Gawerili teqste­bis (scriptio continua) kiTxva, SemuSavda berZnuli teqstebis kiTxvis gansazRvruli wesi.

bizantiur samyarosTan mWidro kavSirma da, upirveles yovlisa, didZali literaturis Targmnam ganapiroba punq­tuaciis berZnuli sistemebis gavrceleba qarTvel mwigno­barTa Sorisac. qarTul xelnawerebze dakvirvebam cxadyo, rom ̀ Zvel qarTvelebs V­X ss. SemoRebuli hqondaT garkveuli sistema gankveTilobisa da sasveni niSnebisa, romelsac wminda praqtikuli daniSnulebiT iyenebdnen: Sinaarsi marTebulad waekiTxa da gaego mkiTxvels~ (qajaia, 1963, 71). elinofilTa moRvaweobis dros ki, roca qarTvelma mwignobrebma qarTu­li xelnawerebis `berZnulsa wessa zeda gamarTva~ daiwyes, berZnuli punqtuaciuri da prosodiuli niSnebis SemoRebac scades. swored berZnuli sistemis mixedviT SeumuSavebia Tavisi "wertiliTa gakueTilobis" sistema efrem mciresac, romelic "gardamocemis" winasityvaobaSi amasTan dakavSire­

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biT SeniSnavs: "rameTu vidreRa­igi jereT Guen Tana iyo netari igi da yovlad rGeuli moRvaweTa Soris beri ioane farakneli, romelmac mowled gamoikiTxa Gemgan da mibrZana amaT pirTaTKs, vinaYTgan pirvelTa maT TargmanTa araraY eRuawa wertiliTa gakueTisaTKs sakiTxaKTaYsa, amisTKsca zepiriT uPmda gakueTaY yovelTa saxelovanTa mkiTxvelTa. xolo berZnulad ara esreT ars, aramed esoden misandobel ars wignebi maTi marTlad gakueTilobisaTKs, viTar Gueni sagalobelni, raodeni didisa mis mnaTobisa giorgi mTaw­mindelisagan Targmnil ars" (A24,4r; damaskeli, 1976, 69). efremis zemoT moyvanili sityvebi ase unda gavigoT: pirvel qarTvel mTargmnelebs ar uzruniaT sakiTxavebSi sagangebo werilobiTi niSnebis (`wertilebis~) gamoyenebaze, amitomac amgvari niSnebis uqonlobis gamo mkiTxvelebs TviTon uxde­bodaT intonaciis mowesrigebao, maSin, rodesac berZnuli wignebi am mxriv `friad misandoni arian~, iseve, rogorc giorgi mTawmindelis Targmnili sagaloblebi. efremis gancxadeba, manamde `wertiliTa gakueTisaTKs ara eRuawaT~ qarTvelebso, gagebul iqna ise, TiTqos efremi uaryofdes saerTod yovelgvari punqtuaciis arsebobas adrindel TargmanebSi da kvleva­Zieba warimarTa im mimarTulebiT, rom gamovleniliyo sasveni niSnebis gamoyenebis SemTxvevebi V­X saukunis xelnawerebSi da amiT uareyoT efrem mciris kolofonSi dadasturebuli cnoba, rom mis mier sasveni niS­nebis SemoRebamde qarTvelebs `araraY eRuawaT wertiliTa gakueTisaTKs~. `qarTul xelnawerTa Seswavla iZleva saSu­alebas uarvyoT efrem mciris debuleba, TiTqos mis mier sasveni niSnebis SemoRebamde qarTvelebs `araraY eRuawaT wertiliTa gakueTilobisTKs~, _ SeniSnavs l. qajaia (qajaia, 1963, 81). misive dakvirvebiT, `efrem mcire ar aris pir­veli, romelmac SemoiRo qarTulSi sasveni niSnebis xmareba. sasveni niSnebi V saukunidan moyolebuli ixmareboda efre­mamde da efremis drosac~ (iqve). magram, vfiqrobT, Tavis mxriv es faqti ar gamodgeba imis sabuTad, rom efremis mier `gardamocemis~ SesavalSi mowodebuli cnoba eWvqveS dav­ayenoT. Sesavlis im nawilSi, sadac mis mier SemuSavebul niSanTa xmarebis wesebs gvacnobs, efremi wers: ̀ amisTKsca me, Zalisaebr Gemisa, ara ugulebels miqmies, aramed yovelive Gem mier Targmnili wigni erTwertilad da equswertilad

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gamikueTia. erTwertili ukue mcired sasvenad, orwertili _ gasakueTelad sityKsa da samwertili didad sasuenad da equswertili _ sruliad dasaboloeblad da axlad dasawye­belad sityKsa. ars odesme iSKT, romel ara dasaboloebelad zis equswertili, aramed Pmisa saqcevelad oden, romeli­ese metafrasTa Sina ufro ipoebis, raJams mowame msaju­lisa mimarT metyvelebdes da myis RmrTisa mimarT cvalos metyvelebaY, eseviTarsa mas adgilsa equswertili uzis, ara raYTa daaboloos, aramed raYTamca PmaY iqcios mkiTxvel­man... ~ (A24, 4r). am msjelobis mixedviT, efrem mciris punq­tuaciuri sistema Seicavs sami saxis niSnebs: a)erTwertili, samwertili, equswertili _ sasveni niSnebia: erTwertili "mcired sasuenad" ixmareba, samwertili _ "didad sasuenad" da equswertili ­" sruliad dasaboloeblad", b)orwerti-li _ gankueTilobis niSania ("ori wertili gasakueTelad sityKsa"), g)eqvswertili sasven niSanTan erTad sadeklama­cio, anu intonaciis sacvlel niSansac warmoadgens ("Pmisa saqcevelad uzis equswertili").

efremis mier SemoRebul punqtuaciur sistemaSi axalia is, rom man erTmaneTisagan gamijna weriTi da zepiri mety­veleba, punqtuacia da intonacia. marTalia, maTi funqciebi analogiuria, _ isini azris naTlad gadmocemas da Sinaarsis ukeT gagebas emsaxurebian. rasac weriT metyvelebaSi akeT­ebs punqtuacia, imas zepir metyvelebaSi asrulebs intona­cia; pirveli amas axerxebs sasveni niSnebiT intervalebSi, xolo meore _ intonaciiT pauzebSi. amitomac xSirad iq, sadac werilobiT teqstSi sasveni niSani gvaqvs, zepir me­tyvelebaSi pauzaa; magram naweris sasven niSans naTqvamis intonacia adgilis mixedviT yovelTvis ar emTxveva. nawerSi SeiZleba iyos sasveni niSani, xolo zepir metyvelebaSi ar iyos pauza, an piriqiT. amitomac weriTi kulturis ganvi­Tarebis garkveul etapze sasveni da gankveTilobis niSnebis gverdiT, romlebic Gveulebriv logikur da gramatikul monakveTebs gamoyofen TxrobaSi, saWiro xdeba specialuri sanotacio niSnebis SemoReba, romlebic zepiri metyvelebi­sas, teqstis sajarod wakiTxvisas, mkiTxvelis intonacias moawesrigebs da sasven niSnebTan erTad xels Seuwyobs Si­naarsis ukeT gadmocemas. es niSnebi umTavresad gamomety­velebiT kiTxvas emsaxurebian da ZiriTadad teqstis xmamaR­

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la wamkiTxvelisTvisaa daniSnuli, romelic aris Suamava­li Txzulebis avtorsa da mis aRmqmnels, msmenels Soris. pirobiTi niSnebi, romelTa damkvidrebas efremi berZnulis gavleniT qarTulSic Seecada, zogjer erTdroulad arian sasveni niSnebic (da amdenad weriTi metyvelebis mosawe­srigeblad gamiznuli) da sadeklamacio niSnebic (amdenad zepiri metyvelebisTvis, teqstis sajarod wamkiTxvel­isTvis gankuTvnili). isini Gveulebriv sasven niSnebTan er­Tad swored sadeklamacio, sanotaco anu efremis TqmiT, "Pmis saqcevel" niSnebsac warmoadgenen da weriTi metyve­lebis paralelurad zepiri metyvelebis mowesrigebasac uzrunvelyofen. efremis mier SemoRebul zogierT niSans ki (mag. eqvswertils) zogjer mxolod es ukanaskneli funq­cia akisria ("Pmis saqcevelad oden uzis equswertili").

amgvari gagebiT "wertiliTa gakueTilobis" niSanTa sis­temis SemoReba, roca "mcired sasuenad" da "didad sasu­nad" miGneuli erTwertili da samwertili aramarto sas­veni niSnebia, aramed sametyvelo partituris pirobiTi niSnebicaa, vinaidan isini punqtuaciuri Sesvenebis garda intonaciur pauzasac gulisxmoben (kandelaki, 1926, 144). marTlac efremis damsaxurebaa da adrindel mTargmnelebs amisTvis marTlac "araraY eRuawaT", Tvinier giorgi mTaw­midlisa, romlis mier Targmnil sagalobelTa krebulebs nimuSad asaxelebs efremi (ingoroyva, 1954, 591). xolo rac Seexeba sasven da gankveTilobis niSnebs, isini manamdec uxmariaT qarTvel mwignobrebs da amis Sesaxeb SeuZlebe­lia ar icodes efremma. ase rom, efremis cnoba "pirvelTa maT TargmanTa araraY eRuawa wertiliTa gakueTisaTKs sak­iTxaTvaYsa", sworia, Tuki aq vigulisxmebT sasven niSanTa sadeklamacio, saintonacio (xmis saqceveli) funqciiTac gamoyenebas. efrems ar aviwydeba aRniSnos isic, rom is mx­olod "sakiTxavebze" e. i. prozaul teqstebze saubrobs, xolo rac Seexeba himnografias, iq am saqmis mogvareba, mi­sive cnobiT, giorgi mTawmidels utvirTavs. raxan berZnu­li wignebi friad misandoni arian am mxriv, xolo qarTulad gadmoRebul sakiTxavebSi yvelaferi berZnulis darad unda iyos, amitom efrems gadauwyvetia am xarvezis amovseba da Seuqmnia kidec punqtuaciis Tavisi sistema, romelic ga­vrcelda Savi mTis samwerlobo keraSi. l. qajaia asaxelebs

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am skolidan gamosul rva xelnawers (S 1276, Q 24, S 384, A 1053, H 1758, A 1544 da S 1463; qajaia, 1963, 81), romlebSic efremis mier SemoRebuli punqtuaciuri sistemaa gatarebuli. Gveni dakvirvebiT, efremiseuli punqtuaciis wesebi daculi unda iyos grigol nazianzelis Txzulebebis efremiseuli Targ­manebis Semcvel ierusalimur xelnawerebSic: Jer.13, Jer. 15 da Jer.43-Si. m. SaniZe miuTiTebs erT aTonur xelnawersac (Ath. 6), sadac 1 werTiliTa gakueTilobis~ efremiseuli sistema Gans gatarebuli (SaniZe, 1990, 27­32).

efremis miervea Seqmnili punqtuaciasTan da teqstis sworad wakiTxvis teqnikasTan dakavSirebuli mTeli rigi terminebisa, romelTa udides nawils mis naTargmn Txzule­bebze darTul `SeiswaveebSi~ vxvdebiT (`srulwertili~, `igurdivmoqcevi~, `didmoqcevi~, `wurilmoqcevi~, `sKnemba~ da sxv. (amis Sesaxeb ix. TvalTvaZe, 1995, a). sagulisxmoa, rom amgvar SeniSvnaTa didi nawili gankuTvnilia teqstis sajarod wamkiTxvelisaTvis. efremis SemoRebuli niSnebi sadeklamacio (`Pmis saqceveli~) niSnebia, romlebic teqs­tis xmamaRla wamkiTxvels mianiSneben, Tu sadaa saWiro in­tonaciis Secvla, sad aris `kiTxvis saxed~ wasakiTxi wina­dadeba da sad `dajerebiT~, sad aris saWiro `basroba~ anu gakicxvis, dacinvis gamJRavneba intonaciaSi da sad `Pmis msubuqad warvleba~.

amrigad, `gardamocemis~ SesavalSi efremis mier Gamoy­alibebuli `wertiliTa gakueTilobis~ sistema axalia im­denad, ramdenadac efremis punqtuaciur sistemaSi sasveni niSnebi ara marto logikurad da gramatikulad gamoyofen winadadebis komponentebs (sityvebs, rTuli winadadebebis Semadgenel winadadebebs, vrcel periodebs), aramed teqs­tis xmamaRla kiTxvisas xmis qcevasac aregulireben. amgvari `wertiliTa gakueTilobis~ sistema ki qarTul xelnawerebSi efremamde marTlac ar gvxvdeba.

efremis Rrma rwmeniT, `ufroYs yovlisa sarwmunoebisa da RmrTismetyuelebisaTKs TqumulTa wignTa Sina saPmar ars krZalvaY mkiTxvelisagan da mwerlisa da msmenelisa~ (A 24, 4r) da amitomac aucilebelia `wertilis SekrZalva~ da amiT sagangebod miniSneba, Tu `sada uPms Pmisa cvalebaY~ da sad `sitKsa gakueTaY~.

rasakvirvelia, efremis mier SemuSavebul punqtuaciur

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sistemas da punqtuaciasTan dakavSirebul terminologias didi mniSvneloba aqvs qarTuli enaTmecnieruli azris gasaTvaliswineblad. mniSvnelovania ukve is faqtic, rom XI saukuneSi GvenSi yofila cda mogvarebuliyo mwerlis, mkiTxvelisa da msmenelis urTierToba sasveni da sadek­lamacio niSanTa sistemis SemoRebiT.

`gardamocemis~ Sesavlis bolos efremi Gveulebisamebr asaxelebs Tavis moZRvrebs da Targmnisas xelSemwyob pirebs: ber sabas (Tuxarels), ̀ romeli iyo Semdgomad RmrTisa mize­zi da momcemeli Gemda TargmanobisaY~ da mRvdel gabriels, `romlisa brZanebiTa da locviTa mosca RmerTman wminda ese wigni yovelsa naTesavsa Guensa~ da locvas da uricxv codvaTa mitevebas iTxovs mkiTxvelisagan.

rogorc aRvniSneT, `gardamocemas~ boloSi erTvis mTargmnelis mokle anderZi, romelSic winasityvaobaSi wig­nis Targmnis mbrZaneblad dasaxelebuli gabriel mRvdlis saxeli kidev erTxel ixsenieba:”locva yavT, qristesmoy­uareno, gabrielisaTKs, romlisa brZanebiTa iTargmna wmi­daY ese wigni”(A24, 138r). imave anderZSi dasaxelebuli arian `ganmaZlierebelni, mzrdelni da msaxurni~ efremisa: arseni iyalToeli, iovane da iovane xucesni da stefane diakva­ni, romelTa locviT srulyo RmerTman efremis Targmani. efremis am mokle anderZis cnoba miT ufro sainteresoa, rom mTargmneli aq Tavis TanamdgomTa Soris asaxelebs ar­seni iyalToelsac, romelmac Semdeg meored Targmna dam­askelis `dialeqtikac~ da `gardamocemac~. am faqtis asax­snelad samecniero literaturaSi ramdenime mosazrebaa gamoTqmuli (kekeliZe, 1980, 277; nucubiZe, 1958, 150­152; rafava, 1976, 16­47). Gven m. rafavas mier arsenisa da efremis Targmanebis erTmaneTTan Sedarebisa da maTi berZul ded­nebTan mimarTebiT Seswavlis Sedegad gakeTebul daskv­nas viziarebT, romlis Tanaxmadac efremis Targmanisagan redaqciulad gansxvavebuli berZnuli dednebis arseboba da gansxvavebuli mTargmnelobiTi meTodi aris is ZiriTa­di mizezebi, romelTac Seapirobes ioane damasklis `wyaro codnisas~ xelmeored Targmna arseni iyalToelis mier.

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T a v i IIIefrem mcire da bizantiuri

filologiis zogierTi sakiTxi

qarTul­bizantiuri literaturuli urTierTobebis mravalsaukunovan istoriaSi gansakuTrebiT gamoiyofa XI­XII saukuneebis periodi, rodesac es urTierToba kulminacias aRwevs. rogorc k. kekeliZe SeniSnavda Zveli qarTuli mwer­lobis II periodis daxasiaTebisas, `vinaidan bizantinizmi am dros saqristiano qveynebSi yvelgan Tavisebur `modad~ iyo gadaqceuli da kulturosnobis maGveneblad, qarTvelTa gaRviZebuli erovnuli TviTSegneba Txoulobda, rac Sei­Zleba daaxloebodnen isini bizantiur kulturasa da mw­erlobas~ (kekeliZe, 1980, 62). magram misive dakvirvebiT, es procesi calmxrivi ar yofila: `qarTul mwerlobasac bevri sayuradRebo miucia bizantiuri mwerlobisaTvis da Tavisi wvlili Seutania am mwerlobis istoriaSi~ (iqve). k. kekeliZe gansakuTrebiT gamoyofs ramdenime aspeqts: `1) qarTul enaze Senaxula iseTi Txzulebebi bizantiuri mwerlobisa, romelTa berZnuli dednebi dakargulia, maTi aRdgena mx­olod qarTuli TargmanebiTaa SesaZlebeli; 2) qarTul mw­erlobaSi Semonaxula iseTi cnobebi bizantiel mweralTa Sesaxeb, romelnic avseben da sul axal aspeqtSi aSuqeben am mwerlebis cxovrebasa da Semoqmedebas; 3) qarTul mwerlo­bas Semounaxavs cnobebi bizantiuri mwerlobis istoriaSi sruliad ucnobi mwerlebis Sesaxeb; 4) zogierTi nawarmoebi bizantiuri literaturisa qarTul mwerlobaSi gadmosula iseTi variantebiT, romelnic sxva azrsa da mniSvnelobas aZleven am nawarmoebT; 5) qarTvelebma SesZines bizantiur literaturas qarTulidan gadmoTargmnili ara erTi Tx­zuleba, magaliTad, ̀ balavari, abukura da sxuani mravalni”; 6) qarTvelebs berZnul enaze uweriaT originaluri Txzule­bebic, magaliTad, eqvTime aTonels dauweria berZnulad `wesi martodmyofis cxovrebisaY~ (kekeliZe, 1980, 62­63).

k. kekeliZis mier aq Gamoyalibebuli debuleba, Sem­dgomSi ara erTi mecnieruli gamokvleviT dasabuTebuli, dRes sayovelTaod gaziarebulia da aRiarebuli. qarTul xelnawerebSi aRmoGenilia mravali iseTi Txzuleba, romlis

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berZnuli dedani ar mogvepoveba (ix. amis Sesaxeb xinTibiZe, 1969, 132, 1982, 53­55); bizantiuri saeklesio mwerlobis calkeul ZeglTa qarTuli Targmanebi berZnulad cnobili dednebisagan mniSvnelovnad sxvaoben da am TxzulebaTa sxva redaqciebis arsebobas avaraudebineben mkvlevrebs (iqve, gv. 56, 141­166); sagangebodaa Seswavlili qarTvelebis wvlili bizantiur literaturaSi originaluri berZnulenovani Txzulebebis SeqmniT, Tu qarTulidan berZnulad Targmnis saxiT Setanili (xinTibiZe, 1969, 7­23).

gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania bizantinistikisaTvis Zveli qarTuli mwerloba im TvalsazrisiT, rom masSi Sen­axulia Zalze saintereso da mniSvnelovani cnobebi bizan­tiel avtorebze. rogorc SeniSnaven, `am kuTxiT qarTuli literatura naklebad aris Seswavlili. yoveli calkeuli dakvirveba, romelic am mimarTulebiT mouxdeniaT qarTul mwerlobaze, mdidar masalas iZleva~ (xinTibiZe, 1982, 56).

uaRresad mdidari da saintereso masalis Semcveli aR­moGnda am mxriv efrem mciris `mozraxuli~ anderZebi da sqolio­komentarebi, romlebSic, garda calkeuli bizan­tieli avtorebis Sesaxeb mowodebuli cnobebisa, berZnuli qristianuli literaturis ara erTi mniSvnelovani sakiTx­is Sesaxeb vxvdebiT msjelobas. kerZod, aq saubaria efremis mier saTargmnelad arGeul berZnul dednebze, maT sxvadasx­va redaqciebsa da urTierTmimarTebaze, calkeul Txzule­baTa Seqmnis istoriaze, berZnul leqsikonebsa da wignT­sacavebze, berZnuli xelnaweri wignebis Sedgenilobasa da gaformebaze da sxv. radgan efremis `mozraxulSi~ daculi cnobebi xSir SemTxvevaSi Zalze mniSvnelovania, zogjer ki gadamwyvetic bizantiuri mwerlobis ara erTi sakiTxis Sesaswavlad, saWirod vcaniT anderZebsa da `SeiswaveebSi~ `alag­alag mimoganbneuli~ es cnobebi `marTlgagvewyo~ da Tematurad dagvejgufebina.

cnobebi pavles epistoleTa komentarebis berZnuli dednebisa da pirveli egzegetikuri katenebis Sesaxeb. pavle mociqulis 14 epistole axali aRTqmis kanonis erT­erTi Semadgeneli nawilia da bunebrivia, rom egzegetTa yuradRebis centrSi adreve aRmoGndeboda. berZnul enaze gvaqvs pavles episto­leTa ramdenime Targmaneba, Sedgenili sxvadasxva dros sx­

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vadasxva avtoris mier. maT Soris gansakuTrebiT aRsaniSna­via adreuli sruli Targmanebebi ioane oqropirisa (+407w. P.G.t. 60­63), Teodosi antioqelisa, mofsuestielisa (IV­Vs.; P.G. 66) da Teodorite kvirelisa (+458w., P.G. 82). mogvi­anebiT pavles ToTxmetive epistoles ganmarteba mogvces ioane damaskelma (+749w. P.G. 95), ekumeniosma (+995w., P.G. 118­119), Teofilaqte bulgarelma (+1070w., P.G. 124­125) da eqvTime zogabenma (XII s., P.G. 128­129). garda amisa, pavle mociqulis calkeuli epistole Tu misi esa Tu is muxli ganumartavT eklesiis mamebs: basili dids, grigol RvTis­metyvels, grigol nosels, agreTve, origenes, meTodis, aTanasi aleqsandriels, kirile aleqsandriels, genadi kon­stantinepolels, germanes, fotis. magram ioane oqropiris Targmaneba, romelic `ioane oqropiris cxovrebaSi~ dacu­li cnobis Tanaxmad mas TviT pavle mociqulis karnaxiT dauweria (`ioane oqrop. cxovr. ~, 1986, 51­56), imTaviTve miGneul iqna yvelaze swor da mociqulis `sityvis Zalis~ zustad ganmacxadebel ganmartebad. amitom Semdgomi dr­ois egzegetebic TavianTi komentarebis Sedgenisas xSirad oqropirs ubrundebodnen. gansakuTrebiT iyvnen davale­buli am vrceli egzegetikuri TxzulebiT katenuri kre­bulebis Semdgenlebi, romlebic `mamaTa Sedgomilebis principis~ erTgul mimdevrebad gvevlinebian da saRmrTo werils `sxuebr~ ara Targmnian `TKnier viTar­igi mnaTobTa eklesiisaTa da moZRuarTa aRwerilTa TKsTa gardamosces~ (kekeliZe, et., XI, 181).

ioane oqropiris "pavles epistoleTa Targmanebis" safuZvelze Seudgenia Tavisi egzegetikuri Sroma V sauku­nis aleqsandriel mTavarepiskoposs kirilesac. kiriles es Sroma berZnulad dRes fragmentebis saxiTaa moRweuli, Se­morGenilia pavles hromaelTa mimarT, korinTelTa mimarT I da II da ebraelTa mimarT epistoleebis ganmartebaTa frag­mentebi (P.G. 74, col. 774­1007), magram am fragmentebis mixed­viT Znelia rogorc am Txzulebis pirvandeli saxis aRdge­na, ise TviT kiriles mier gaweuli muSaobis kvalificireba. am sakiTxis garkveva ki miT ufro mniSvnelovania, rom ki­rile aleqsandrielis mier Sedgenili `pavles Targmaneba~ Tavisi simoklisa anu `sityKs Zalis mokled gancxadebis~ (efrem mcire) da amave dros misi Semdgeneli redaqtoris

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didi avtoritetis gamo farTod gavrcelebula rogorc saberZneTSi, ise sxva qristianul qveynebSi, rasac mowmobs misi mraval sxva enaze Targmna (SemorGenilia am Txzulebis laTinuri, siriuli da somxuri Targmanebis fragmentebi). qarTul enaze arsebuli pavles epistoleTa komentarebis dedanic, misi mTargmnelis _ efrem mciris _ cnobiT, ki­riles es Sroma yofila da ara vrceli Targmaneba ioane oqropirisa (TvalTvaZe, 1988, a, 1995, b).

magram, rogorc aRvniSneT, arc berZnuli, arc sxvaenova­ni fragmentebi sruli saxiT ver warmoaGenen, Tu ra muSaoba gawia kirilem, es misi originaluri Sromaa Tu mociqulis sityvis komentirebisas mTlianad oqropirs eyrdnoba. gau­rkveveli rGeba isic, isargebla Tu ara man oqropiris garda sxva mamaTa naazreviT da sxv.

kiriles mier gaweuli muSaobis srulyofil daxasi­aTebas, misi Sromis Sefasebas da saerTod berZnul enaze pavles epistoleTa komentarebis sxvadasxva redaqciebis arsebobisa da maTi urTierTmimarTebis Sesaxeb metad say­uradRebo cnobebs gvawvdis efrem mcire anderZSi, romelic mas pavles epistoleTa ganmartebebis sakuTari Targman­isTvis daurTavs da romelic Gvenamde mxolod erT aTonur xelnawers (N18) Semounaxavs. am anderZisa da aTonuri koleqciis N18 xelnaweris Sesaxeb Gven zemoT ukve gvqonda saubari, aq dawvrilebiT mxolod im cnobebs ganvixilavT, romlebic pavles komentarebis berZnul dednebs Seexeba da metad mniSvnelovania ara marto am konkretuli egzege­tikuri Txzulebis Seqmnis istoriis gasaTvaliswineblad, aramed saerTod bizantiuri qristianuli egzegetikis is­toriisTvisac.

anderZSi efrem mcire, upirveles yovlisa, saTargmne­lad arGeul berZnul Txzulebaze msjelobs da xazgasmiT aRniSnavs, rom ̀ pavles Targmanebis~ avtori ioane oqropiria, magram iqve SeniSnavs, rom misi vrceli egzegetikuri Sro­ma Seumoklebia da sxva avtorebis komentarebiTac Seuvsia kirile aleqsandriels da moucia `didTa TargmanTagan gamokrebili TargmanebaY pavlesi~ (Ath.18, 235; TvalTvaZe, 1988, 221; koWlamazaSvili, 2003, 00­302).

ras eyrdnoba efrem mcire am cnobis mowodebisas?upirveles yovlisa, TviTon kirile aleqsandrielis

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epistoles, romelsac imowmebs kidec anderZSi: `TaviT ker­ZoY igi epistole amas cxad hyofs, viTarmed visme moswrafesa eTxova didisa kKrilesgan, raYTa pativTa zeda samociquloY­sa wignisaTa waruweros Semoklebuli Zali sityKsaY" (Ath.18, 235). kirile aleqsandriels es epistole, romelic Ath.18 xelnawerSi efremis am anderZs mosdevs (gv. 238­242), miu­weria `sxKsa visme episkoposis mimarT~, romelic samociqu­los mokle Targmanebis damkveTi Gans. epistoleSi kirile saubrobs, Tu ra muSaoba gawia man, miuTiTebs wyaroebze, romelic gamoiyena am wignis Sedgenisas da mkiTxvels pav­les epistoleTa Targmanebis gacnobamde TviT mociqulis cxovrebis ZiriTad momentebs Seaxsenebs: `pirvel ukue jer­viGine mcired wmidisa mociqulisa pavlesTKs Tqumad~ (Ath.18, 238). kirile aleqsandrielis es epistole, miuxedavad konk­retuli adresatis arsebobisa, Tavisi daniSnulebiT Sesav­ali werilia, romelic albaT win uZRoda berZnul dedan­Si kiriles xelidan gamosul egzegetikur Sromas. efrem mciris anderZis cnobiTac, es epistole "Tavsa weril iyo". "amas viTarebasa viswavebT epistolisa misgan didisa kKrile aleqsandrielisa, romeli iZie da hpovo Tavsa wignisa amis pavles Targmnad garemowerilisa" (Ath.18, gv. 236); "TaviT kerZoY igi epistole amas cxad hyofso, " _ xazgasmiT aRni­Snavs efremi. marTalia, Ath.18 xelnawerSi es epistole bo­loSia da efremis anderZs mosdevs, magram es Tavdapirvel suraTs sworad ar unda asaxavdes, rasac gvafiqrebinebs meore aTonuri xelnaweris (Ath.39, XI s.) Gvenebac, sadac kiriles epistole iwyebs pavles epistoleTa Targmanebis teqsts (am xelnawerisa da masSi daculi teqstis mTargmne­lis vinaobis Sesaxeb qvemoT sagangebod gveqneba msjeloba). vfiqrobT, rogorc yovelTvis, efremi aqac swor informa­cias gvawvdis: epistole kirile aleqsandrielisa, marTlac `TaviT kerZo weril iyo~.

efremis anderZis cnobiT, kirile am epistoleSi `guls­modginebasa missa (damkveTi episkoposisa) aqebs da cxad­hyofs, viTarmed oqropiris TargmanTagan gamoukrebies mas mokle Zali sityKsaY da adgil­adgil sxuaTaca wmida­TaY daurTavs, sadaca upovies sakiTxavTa Sina ganmartebaY samociquloYsa sityKsaY"(Ath.18, 235). efremis am gancxadebas savsebiT Seesabameba kirile aleqsandrielis epistoles Si­

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naarsi. kirile epistoles ase iwyebs: `moswrafebaY da swav­lismoyuarebaY siwmidisa SenisaY friad mTnda me, wmidao mamao da amisTKs morGilebiTa SeniTa Znelsa saqmesa Pel­vyav da miswrafebaY friadi Soris SemoviRe, raYTamca dav­awese epistoleTa Tana wmidisa mociqulisa pavlesTa Targ­manica maTi, raYTa advil iyos gulisPmisyofaY maTi yovelTa mier, romelni ikiTxviden moswrafebiT sityuaTa misTa. vi­naYTgan ukue wmidasa mamasa Guensa ioane oqropirsa uTargm­nian epistoleni ese wmidisa pavlesni da ravennime sityuani misni vpoven didisa basilis mierca kesarielisa da grigol RmrTismetyuelisa da wmidisa aTanasis mierca Targmnili, amisTKs arRara Pel-vyav yovlisave TaviT GemiT Targmanebad, aramed maT wmidaTa mier aRwerilisagan gamovkribe da rome-lime Gemmierca SevsZine da ganvawese sityuaTa maT Tana mis mo-ciqulisaTa mokled Targmani maTi garemo maTsa" (Ath.18, 238-239; TvalTvaZe, 1995, 359; koWlamazaSvili, 2003, 291).

am epistoledan kargad Gans, Tu ra saxis samuSao Seus­rulebia kiriles. mas Seudgenia katenuri Targmaneba, anu krebuli pavles epistoleTa ganmartebebisa, risTvisac ZiriTad wyarod gamouyenebia ioane oqropiris Targmaneba, amoukrebia sxvadasxva TxzulebebSi gabneuli komentare­bi basili kesarielis, grigol RvTismetyvelis, aTanasi aleqsandrielisa da zogi muxli TviTonac ganumartavs. ki­riles Sroma araa mxolod Semokleba ioane oqropiris vrce­li Targmanebisa, is kompilaciuri xasiaTis naSromia, anu swored imgvari katenuri krebuli (berZn. σειραί), romelSic saRmrTo werilis muxlebis sxvadasxva avtorTa ganmartebe­bia Tavmoyrili.

rogorc kiriles epistoledan da efremis anderZidan Gans, kiriles Sedgenili pavles Targmaneba egzegetikuri katenuri krebulisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli wesiT yofila naweri: etratis SuagulSi moTavsebuli yofila kimeni, xolo oqropiris da "sxuaTa mamaTa", maT Soris kiriles komentarebi ki _ "pativsa zeda", anu aSiaze. gansamartavi muxli Sesabamis komentars sagangebo niSnebiT ukavSirde­boda. kiriles sityvebiT, "yovelsa sityuasa zeda damiwese­bia ricxK da igive ricxK ars Targmansaca zeda, raYTa adKl iyos sapovnelad, Tu romeli Targmani romlisa sityKsaY ars"(Ath.18, 239). efremis cnobiTac, kiriles garemoweril

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pavleSi `ricxKTa oden da niSniTa kideTa zeda Targmani moiRebodis~ (Ath. 18, 236).

efremis anderZis mixedviT komentarebisaTvis kiriles avtorTa saxelebic miuweria, mxolod ioane oqropiris ganmartebebi, `viTarca umravlesi, zedawaruwerelad dau­tevebies, xolo adgil­adgil vissa sada hrTavs aTanasis, gina basilissa, grigolissa anu Tavisa TKsisa saxelsa zeda daswers"( Ath. 18, 236). aqve efremi erT sayuradRebo cno­bas gvawvdis: `miwyebiT da vrclad da srulebiT aravis amaTgansa uTargmnia pavle, TKnier ioane oqropirisa, ar­amed sakiTxavTa Sina maTTa, sadaca upovnia samociquloY sityuaY ganmartebuli, igica zeda daurTavs oqropirisa Targmnisada~ (iqve). cnobilia, rom grigol nazianzels, ba­sili kesariels da aTanasi aleqsandriels pavles episto­leTa sruli Targmanebebi marTlac ar mouciaT. mxolod calkeuli muxlebis ganmartebas vxvdebiT maT TxzulebebSi. kirile aleqsandriels, efremis cnobiT, swored es calkeu­li muxlebis ganmartebebi amoukrebia, sadac ki upovia sak­iTxavTa Sina, zedadaurTavs oqropiris komentarebisTvis da ase miuRia "garemowerili" anu "moTxviTad mowerili" Targmaneba pavles epistoleebisa. sityva "moTxviTs" saba ase ganmartavs: "moTxviTi _ oTxkuTxi"(saba, 1991, 492; ix. agreTve, abulaZe, 1973, 264; cqitiSvili, 1976, 315). amde­nad "moTxviTad mowerili Targmaneba" oTxkuTxiv mowerils niSnavs, sadac "ganukueTeli samociquloY sityuaY" oTx­ive mxridan sxvadasxva komentatorTa ganmartebebiT aris mowerili. ioane oqropiris vrceli anu "marTlgawyobili" Targmanebisagan gansxvavebiT, romelsac efremi "pavles Targmans" uwodebs, kiriles Sromas, romelic "moTxviTad mowerili" anu "garemowerili" yofila, efremi "pavle Targ-manians" eZaxis ("amisTKs mas ara pavles Targmani hqvan, ar­amed pavle Targmaniani"Ath.18, 236).

kiriles `pavle Targmaniani~, efremis cnobiT, erT wig­nad yofila akinZuli. swored `erTwignoba~ miaGnia efrems mis erT­erT upiratesobad. misi azriT, mokle Targmani `Zalsa sityKsasa~ ukeT warmoaGens.

efrem mcire anderZSi xazgasmiT aRniSnavs, rom pavles komentarebis gamokrebili Targmaneba kiriles originaluri Sroma araa, is misi mxolod Semdgenel­redaqtoria: `vinaYca

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aw berZulisagan gKswavies, ara kKriles Targmnili ars gare­mowerili Targmani pavles sityKsaY, aramed viTarca ityKs dasabamsa, oqropirisa TargmnilTagan wignTa Semoukrebies mokle Zali TiTeulisa sityKsaY". efremi gvaZlevs kiriles mier gaweuli muSaobis amomwurav daxasiaTebas. misi cno­biT, kiriles ara marto sxva wminda mamebis sakiTxavebSi gab­neuli pavles epistoleTa TiToorola muxlis ganmarteba miuZebnia da mouTavsebia Tavis wignSi, aramed TviT ioane oqropiris sxva TxzulebebSic upovia zogierTi muxlis ko­mentari da sadac ki "ipoebis samociquloYsa sitKsa Targ­manebaY, yoveli aqa Semoukrebies da TiToferTa yuavilTa­gan erTad golad saukunoYsa sitkboebisa morwmuneTad dau­unjebies" (Ath.18, 237). cxadia, efremis anderZSi mocemuli daxasiaTebiT, rasac eTanxmeba TviT kiriles epistolec, kiriles mier Sedgenili `garemowerili~, `moTxviTad mow­erili~ Targmaneba aSkarad katenuri krebulia.

saegzegetiko katenebis mamamTavrad VI saukunis mwer­ali prokopi Razeli iTvleba (krumbaxeri, 1897, 210­216; kekeliZe, et. XI., 1973, 81­182). efrem mciris mier mowode­buli cnobis gaTvaliswinebiT ki pirveli katenuri xasiaTis egzetikuri krebulis Semdgeneli kirile aleqsandrieli Gans, romelsac prokopimde mTeli saukuniT adre (kirile gardaicvala 444 w.) Seudgenia egzegetikuri katenebi, "pav­le Targmaniani".

efremis cnobiT, kiriles mier Sedgenili "pavle Targma­nianis" gviandeli redaqciebic arsebobs. kiriles gardacva­lebis Semdeg mis am SromaSi Semdgomi drois moRvaweTa naazrevic GaurTavT: "ars, romel Semdgomad kKriles yo­filTaca wmidaTa Tqmulisaganica raodenime sityuaY daur­Tavs adgil­adgil vieTme brZenTa da gulisPmismyofelTa, da igica dagKweria misiT zedawarweriliTur berZulTa de­daTa Sina vina gKpovnia rGeulTa da sarwmunoTa" (Ath. 18, 237). marTlac, cnobilia, rom V saukunis Semdgomac araerT wminda mamas ganumartavs pavles calkeuli epistolebi. sak­marisia davasaxeloT Tundac VIII saukuneSi ioane damaske­lis mier Sedgenili ToTxmetive epistoles Targmaneba, an X saukuneSi moRvawe Trakieli episkoposis ekumeniosis egzegetikuri Sroma.

efremis cnobiT, `kiriles Semdgom yofili~ am mamebis

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naazrevi Setanili yofila kiriles mier Sedgenili ̀ moTxvi­Tad mowerili~ pavles im berZnul xelnawerSi, romelic mis­Tvis svimeonwmidel berZen moRvawes klimis miuwodebia ded­nad. mis mier qarTulad gadmoRebul `pavle Targmanianis~ teqstSi xSirad gvxvdeba ekumeniosis (resp.Kkumenis) saxeli, rac gvafiqrebinebs, rom kiriles `pavle Targmanians~ bolo gadamuSaveba X saukunis Semdgom ganucdia.

amrigad, efrem mciris cnobiT, berZnul enaze gvqonia ioane oqropiris egzegetikuri Txzulebidan momdinare Sroma sami redaqciiT:

1) ioane oqropiris vrceli Targmaneba, anu "pavles Targmani" (P.G. 60­63).

2)katenuri anu `garemowerili~ Targmaneba Sedgenili kirile aleqsandrielis mier, romelSic Sesula sxva wminda mamebis komentarebic, anu "pavle Targmaniani". es Txzuleba berZnulad mxolod fragmentebis saxiTaa moRweuli. frag­mentebi gvaqvs somxur, siriul da laTinur enebzec.

3)gviandeli redaqcia kiriles "pavle Targmanianisa", romelSic kiriles gardacvalebis Semdgom moRvawe komen­tatorTa ganmartebebia Gamatebuli. berZnuli dedani am Txzulebisa saZiebelia, qarTulad ki TiTqmis sruli saxiT gvaqvs Semonaxuli efrem mciris TargmanSi.

samecniero literaturaSi aRniSnulia, rom efremi sazogadod "samociqulos" da kerZod "pavles epistoleTa" ganmartebebis Targmnisas ioane oqropiris komentarebiT sargeblobda. magram berZnuli da qarTuli teqstebis Se­darebisas gamovlenili mravali arsebiTi xasiaTis sxvaoba mkvlevrebs afiqrebinebs, rom efremis Targmani oqropiris Txzulebis pirdapiri gadmoReba ki araa, aramed origi­naluri Sromaa ioane oqropirze dayrdnobiT Sesrulebuli. k. kekeliZe aRniSnavs, rom efremis Targmnili es Txzule­ba warmoadgens "efremis Sromas ioane oqropiris mixedviT dawerils" (kekeliZe, 1980, 257); i. abulaZis azriT, "efremma SerGeviT Targmna oqropiris ganmartebebi" (abulaZe, 1950, 013); k. danelia ki, romelmac sagangebod Seiswavla pavles epistoleTa komentarebis efremiseuli Targmani, miiGnevs, rom efremma icis oqropiris (ise rogorc sxva RvTismety­velTa) komentarebi, magram ki ar Targmnis mis Txzulebebs, aramed konspeqturad gadmogvcems mis naazrevs (danelia,

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1983, 319­325). misi azriTac, es Targmaneba SeiZleba efremis originalur Sromad GaiTvalos (iqve, gv. 325).

pavles epistoleTa komentarebis efremiseul Targ­manze darTuli mTargmnelis anderZis aRmoGenis Semdeg, sakiTxi SeiZleba sxvagvarad daisvas. am anderZSi efremi pirdapir miuTiTebs mis mier dednad gamoyenebul Txzule­baze. mas kirile aleqsandrielis mier Sedgenili katenuri "pavle Targmanianis" gviandeli redaqciis xelnaweri hqo­nia dednad. efremi TviTon ki ar asrulebda kompilaciur samuSaos (krebda, akonspeqtebda, amoklebda da a. S.), ar­amed iseTi dedniT sargeblobda, romelSic amgvari samuSao ukve Sesrulebuli iyo, Tanac "ara litini kacis, aramed wminda kKriles mier". efremis anderZidan kargad Gans isic, rom es egzegetikuri Txzuleba efremis originaluri Sroma araa. vfiqrobT, zemoT ganxilul efremis anderZSi daculi cnobebi sakmao sabuTia imisaTvis, rom qarTul xelnawerebSi Senaxuli pavles epistoleTa komentarebis efrem mciriseu­li Targmanis teqstis dednad kirile aleqsandrielis "pav­le Targmanianis" gviandeli redaqcia miviGnioT. Semdgomi kvleva­Zieba, berZnuli da qarTuli teqstebis erTmaneTTan Sedarebac swored am mimarTulebiT unda warimarTos.

cnobilia, rom efrem mciris mier Sesrulebuli Targma­ni pavles epistoleTa komentarebisa sruli saxiT arc erT xelnawerSi ara gvaqvs daculi (danelia, 1983, 315­317); moR­weulia ramdenime xelnaweri, romlebic erTmaneTs avseben da agrZeleben. bolo dromde iTvleboda, rom efremiseuli Targmanis teqsti Tavbolonakluli iyo. TavSi aklda hro­maelTa epistolis Targmaneba (9, 21 muxlamde), boloSi ki _ timoTes mimarT II, tites da filimonis mimarT epistoleTa komentarebi. magram, rogorc zemoTac aRvniSneT, am egzege­tikuri Zeglis efremiseuli Targmanis nakluli nawilebi dRes mikvleulia (TvalTvaZe, 1988; koWlamazaSvili, 1995) da SeiZleba iTqvas, rom kirile aleqsandrielis mier Sedge­nili pirveli egzegetikuri katenebis "pavle Targmanianis" qarTuli Targmanis teqsti sruli saxiT gvaqvs daculi Sem­deg xelnawerebSi: Q 1158 (XI s), sadac Senaxulia dasawyisi `pavle Targmanianisa~, hromaelTa da korinTelTa mimarT I epistole; Jer. 9 (XI s) da A 390 (XI s), romlebic Seicaven TiTqmis erTnair teqsts, korinTelTa mimarT II epistolis

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Targmanebas srulad, galatelTa, efeselTa, filipelTa, kolaselTa, I TesalonikelTa epistoleebis komentarebs. amis garda, A 390­Si daculia II TesalonikelTa srulad da ebraelTa mimarT epistoleebis Targmaneba nawilobriv (12, 15­mde); Ath.18 (XV­XVI s) Seicavs teqstebs da komentarebs ebraelTa mimarT epistolisa (6, 11­dan), timoTes mimarT I, II, tites da filimonis mimarT epistoleTa Targmanebas. am xelnawerSi komentarebis teqsts boloSi erTvis mTargmne­lis _ efrem mciris _ anderZi da iambiko da kirile aleqsan­drielis epistole. efremiseuli Targmanebis calkeuli fragmentebi Senaxulia S 3656, H 2141, S 1172, S 1149, S 4812 da Q 831 xelnawerebSic (koWlamazaSvili, 1995, 27, 2000, 9).

garda amisa, efremis anderZze dayrdnobiT, erT aTonur xelnawerSi (Ath.39, XI s) kiriles `pavle Targmanianis~ da­sawyisi nawilis (kiriles epistole, hromaelTa da korin­TelTa mimarT I epistole 8, 2 muxlamde) sxva qarTul Targ­mansac mivakvlieT, romlis mTargmnelad eqvTime aTonels miviGnevT.

`pavle Targmanianis~ orive qarTul Targmans SigadaSig aklia TiTo­orola furceli, magram cxadia, rom im saxi­Tac, rogoriTac mas Gvenamde mouRwevia, did daxmarebas gauwevs mkvlevrebs am Txzulebis berZnuli dednis Tavda­pirveli suraTis aRdgenaSi. aseve naTelia im cnobebis mniS­vneloba bizantiuri egzegetikis istoriisaTvis, romlebic efrem mciris Targmnil pavles epistoleTa komentarebze darTul kolofonSi gvaqvs. efremis mier aq mowodebu­li cnobebi srulad gvixasiaTebs kirile aleqsandrielis Rvawls samociqulos wignebis ganmartebis saqmeSi.

yuradRebas mivaqcevT kidev erT faqts. efremma `samo­ciqulos Targmanebas~ zemoT ganxilul ̀ boloYsa anderZTan~ erTad `Tavisa anderZic~ waumZRvara (Jer.16,2r-4v), romelSic am sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT kidev erTi sayuradRebo cnobaa daculi: `ese saqmisa mociqulTaYsa Targmani sityua sity­uad mravalTa Targmnilisagan Semokrebul ars da siPSoYsa­gan saxelebi TKs­TKs ara egeboda daweraY. xolo viTarca zedawarwerili cxad hyofs, umravlesi da yovelgan wmidisa ioane oqropirisa ars da adgil­adgilRa daerTvis sxuaTaca wmidaTaY mravalTagan wignTagan erTad Sekrebuli wmidisa kKriles mier~ (Jer.16,4r). efremis mier aq naxsenebi kKrile

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udaod kirile aleqsandrielia, romelsac `saqme mociqul­Tas~ gamokrebili Targmaneba Seudgenia, ZiriTad wyarod isev ioane oqropiris vrceli Targmaneba gamouyenebia da `adgil­adgil sxuTaca wmidaTaY daurTavs~ iseve rogorc `pavle Targmanianis~ Sedgenisas. efremis sityvebis Sinaarsi naTelia: `saqme mociqulTas~ Targmanebis berZnul dednad aq isev kiriles mier Sedgenili egzegetikuli katenebia dasaxelebuli, magram am cnobas ratomRac angariSs ar uw­even efremis mier `samociqulos Targmanebis~ gadmoRebisas gaweuli muSaobis Sefasebisas. k. danelia amis gamo Seni­Snavs: `gamodis, rom efrems ZiriTadad usargeblia ioane oqropiris (+407) komentarebiT da alag­alag gamouyenebia kirile aleqsandrielis (+444) Sroma~ (danelia, 1982, gv. 319). efremi rom ioane oqropiris ganmartebebidan gamokre­bil da sxvaTa naazreviT Sevsebul Txzulebas Targmnis da ara pirdapir ioane oqropiris vrcel Targmanebas, es wignis saTauridanac kargad Gans: `wmidisa da netarisa mamisa Guen­isa ioane oqropirisa kostantinepolel mTavarepiskoposi­saY ganvrcelebiTTa TargmanTagan Semokrebili TargmanebaY saqmisa mociqulTaYsa, romelsa Sina iSKT daerTvis sxuaTaca wmidaTa Targmanebulisagan mokle Zali sityKsaY”(Jer.16,4r). rogorc Gans, kiriles Seudgenia ara marto `pavle Targ­maniani~, aramed `Targmaniani saqme mociqulTa~ da `Targ­maniani kaTolike epistoleebic~, romlebiTac isargebla albaT efrem mcirem. kiriles saxeliT Gvenamde moRweulia ramdenime fragmenti `saqme mociqulTas~ Targmanebisa (P.G.74,col.758-774) da TiTo­orola furceli iakobis, I da II ioanes da iudas epistoleebis Targmanebidan (P.G. 74, col.1007-1036). sruli teqsti am egzegetikuri Sromisa berZnulad ar Gans. vfiqrobT, efremis anderZebSi daculi cnobebi myar safuZvels iZleva am kuTxiT Ziebis warsamarTavad. mar­Talia, efremi pavles epistoleTa TargmanebasTan Sedar­ebiT gacilebiT Zunw cnobebs gvawvdis `samociqulos~ sxva wignebis ganmartebaTa Sedgenis istoriaze, ar asaxelebs im avtorebs, romelTa komentarebic gamoiyena kirilem katenuri krebulis Sesadgenad, arc is viciT, dednad iseve `kiriles Semdgom yofilTagan~ Sevsebuli katenebi hqonda Tu adreuli redaqcia am krebulisa, magram erTi ram cxa­dia, `saqme mociqulTas~ da~ kaTolike epistoleebis~ ko­

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mentarebis Targmnisas efremi ukve gamokrebili berZnuli dednebiT sargeblobda.

vfiqrobT, efrem mciris Targmnili `samociqulos Targmanebis~ berZnul wyaroebTan Sedareba, rac momavlis saqmed gvesaxeba, ufro konkretulad gascems pasuxs mraval SekiTxvas, romelic am sakiTxis irgvliv SeiZleba wamoiWras. efremis anderZebSi daculi cnobebi ki uTuod gzamkvlevi iqneba am muSaobisas.

svimeon metafrasti da metafrasuli agiografiis istoriis sakiTxebi. cnobebi svimeon metafrasisa da mis mier gardaka­zmuli agiografiuli sakiTxavebis Sesaxeb daculi gvaqvs efrem mciris mozraxulSi, romelsac TviTon ase uwodebs: "mosaPsenebeli mcire sKmeonisaTKs loRoTetisa da TxrobaY mizezTa amaT sakiTxavTa TargmnisaTa". efremis am Sromis Seswavlas k. kekeliZem daudo saTave, romelmac 1910 wels kievis sasuliero akademiis Sromebis krebulSi dabeWdil werils "Cuìeoí ìeòaôpacò no ãpyçuícêuì ucòo÷íuêaì~ (kekeliZe, et. V, 212­215) Tan daurTo efrem mciris `mos­aPsenebeli~ rusuli TargmaniT.

efremis "mosaPsenebeli" ori xelnaweriTaa Semonaxuli. esaa XIII saukunis agiografiuli krebuli A 90 da XVI sauku­nis K 5 nesxa, romelic quTaisis saxelmwifo muzeumSia da­culi. A90 xelnawerSi, romelic sul 658 gverds Seicavs, is krebulis Sua nawilSia moqceuli da uWiravs 310­e­314­e gverdebi. (axali aRwerilobiT 159v-161v). igi mosdevs kre­bulSi meTormete nomrad Setanil 31 dekembris sakiTxavs `cxorebaY da moqalaqobaY Rirsisa melaniaYsi hromisaY~ (142v-159v), romlis mTargmnelad efrem mcirea miGneuli (kekeliZe, et. V, 154, 196; bregaZe, 1971, 458). K 5 xelnaw­erSi ki mas 576­572 gverdebi uWiravs da erTvis krebulis bolo sakiTxavs, imave `melania hromis cxovrebis~ efrem mciriseul Targmans. A90 krebulSi efremis am Sromas an­derZis garegnuli saxe ara aqvs. is araa moTavsebuli arc `Sesavalad wignisa~, anu TavSi da arc `bolosa wignisasa~. ar aris is miwerili arc aSiaze, rogorc zogjer xdeba es, arc ZiriTadi teqstisagan gasarGevad wvrili nusxuriTaa gadawerili, rogorc gvaqvs zogierT xelnawerSi. Txzuleb­is saTauric gansxvavebulia efremis anderZebisaTvis Gveu­

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lebrivi saTaurisagan (`Sesavali wignisaY~, `winabWe~, `uwye­baY~, `anderZi~). erTi sityviT, garegnulad `mosaPsenebeli~ efremis mierve `mTargmnelis mozraxulad~ saxelwodebul Sromas ar hgavs, magram Tuki `mosaPseneblis~ Sinaarss da Sedgenilobas davukvirdebiT, igi mTargmnelis mier dawer­il iseTive komentarad warmogvidgeba, rogorc nebismieri vrceli `mozraxuli~ efremisa, romlebsac igi wignis TavSi an boloSi aTavsebda. es mozraxuli, rogorc saTauric mi­aniSnebs (`mosaPsenebeli mcire sKmeonisaTKs loRoTetisa da TxrobaY mizezTa amaT sakiTxavTa TargmnisaTa"), efrems metafrasuli agiografiuli Txzulebebis qarTulad Targ­mnis dros da amis gamo aqvs dawerili. mis pirvel nawilSi, rogorc sGvevia efrems, berZnuli dednis, am SemTxvevaSi svimeon liRoTetis mier gardakazmul sakiTxavTa kre­bulebis Seqmnis Sesaxeb saubrobs (gavixsenoT, efremis msgavsi msjeloba fsalmunTa Targmanebis, samociqulos Targmanebis berZnuli dednebis Seqmnis istoriaze), mkiTxv­els awvdis cnobebs avtoris Sesaxeb (Sdr. cnobebi kirile aleqsandrielze, Teodorite kvirelze da sxv.), xolo Sem­deg, "mosaPseneblis" meore nawilSi iwyebs saubars, Tu ra viTarebaa qarTul enaze, asaxelebs svimeonis metafrase­bis pirvel qarTvel mTargmnelebs (daviT tbels, stefane sananoYsZes, eqvTime aTonels, giorgi mTawmidels) da aR­niSnavs, rom am saqmisagan ara gare­miaqcia RmerTma isic, "sawyalobel da uRirsi saxisaY da saxelisaY efrem, mcire da undoY monazoni" da Rirsyo eTargmna "raodennime sak­iTxavni loRoTetisa metafrasTagan". efremis am gancxade­bas mosdevs Gveulebriv anderZebisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli monakveTi, sadac saubaria Targmanis procesSi xelSemwyobi pirebis _ saba sulaYsZe Tuxarelis da efrem didi oSkelis Sesaxeb, romlebisTvis locvas iTxovs wignis mTargmnelni, "rame Tu friad daSurnes igini wignisa amisTKs"­o. sabasTan da efrem didTan erTad locvaSi moxseniebas da codvaTa mitevebas sTxovs STamomavlobas TviTon mTargmnelic.

radgan efremis "mosaxseneblis" struqtura da Sinaarsi misi vrceli anderZebisaTvis damaxasiaTebel struqturas imeorebs, amasTanave, daniSnulebac mas iseTive aqvs, rogorc mTargmnelis mozraxul anderZebs, vfiqrobT, rom efremis "mosaxsenebelic" mTargmnelis mozraxul anderZad unda

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miviGnioT da ara mis damoukidebel Sromad. rac Seexeba mis adgils xelnawerebSi, safiqrebelia, rom im ori xelnaweri­dan, romelSic efremis es vrceli mozraxulia SemorGenili, Tavdapirvel viTarebas ufro K5 xelnaweri asaxavdes, sadac efremis `mosaxsenebeli~ krebulSi bolo statiad Setanil sakiTxavs mosdevs da garkveulwilad krebulis bolosity­vaobis funqcia akisria. orive xelnawerSi, garda efremis mier Targmnili metafrasebisa, Setanilia sxva mTargmnelTa mier Sesrulebuli Targmanebic, rac gvafiqrebinebs, rom am krebulis Semdgenlebma sxvadasxva mTargmnelTa, maT So­ris efrem mciris Targmanebsac, mouyares Tavi da Seadgines metnaklebad sruli krebulebi metafrasuli sakiTxavebisa. safiqrebelia, rom Tavdaprvelad mTargmnelis es mozraxu­li, romelsac efremma SesaZloa svimeon loRoTetis `mos­aPsenebelTa~ gavleniT uwoda `mosaPsenebeli~, erTvoda efremis mier Targmnili metafrasuli sakiTxavebis kre­buls, romelic 31 dekembris sakiTxaviT (`cxovreba melani hromisaY~) mTavrdeboda, saidanac gadavida is Semdeg gvian­del metafrasul krebulebSic.

efremis `mosaxsenebeli~ masSi daculi metad mniS­vnelovani cnobebis gamo kargad cnobili Zeglia. k. kekeliZis publikaciis Semdeg mas ara erTi mkvlevari Sexe­bia, romelTa Soris gamovyofT v. latiSevis (latiSevi, 1915), h. bekis (beki, 1959), l. menabdis (menabde, 1959), r. siraZis (siraZe, 1978), e. xinTibiZis (xinTibiZe, 1969, 139­141), n. goguaZis (goguaZe, 1986) da g. alibegaSvilis (alibe­gaSvili, 1989, 1992) naSromebs.

svimeon metafrasis Sesaxeb efremis `mosaxsenebelSi~ dacul cnobebze dayrdnobiT SesaZlebeli gaxda bizantiu­ri metafrastikis Teoriisa da istoriis ara erTi sakiTxis garkveva. maT Soris umniSvnelovanesia svimeonis moRvaweo­bis drois gansazRvra (kekeliZe, et. V, 213­216), mis mier Sesrulebuli samuSaos kvalificireba (iqve, gv. 216­219), svimeonis mier gametafrasebuli sakiTxavebis raodenobis gansazRvra (iqve), metafrastikis literaturul siaxleTa daxasiaTeba (siraZe, 1978, 150­161) da sxv.

metafrastikis istoriis mkvlevarTaTvis saintereso cnobebs vxvdebiT efremis sxva anderZebSic. kerZod, ioane damaskelis ̀ gardamocemis~ winasityvaobaSi efremi SeniSnavs:

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`kualad eseca sacnaur iyavn, viTarmed ara jer­ars, raYTa sxKsa visganme Sekazmulad vhgonebdeT wignsa amas, viTar­igi guasmies sKmeon loRoTetisa da sxvaTa mecnierTa berZen­Tagan kazmvaY, anu romelTaY uRono ars, rameTu ipoos Tu cxorebaY, anu wamebaY, anu raYca raY hambavi, gina moTxrobaY sofluriTa da uSueriTa sityKTa aRwerili, mas sityKT ga-naSueneben, gardahkazmen da metafras uwoden, romel ars gardakazmuli" (A24,2v). efremis cnobiT, amas maSin akeT­eben, rodesac ̀ aRmwereli hambavisa mis litoni kaci iyos da ara wmidaTagani, xolo wmidaTa Tqumulsa da marTlmadide­belTa mamaTa aRwerilsa vervin ikadrebs Sexebad~ (A24,3r).

sainteresoa `dimitri Tesalonikelis cxovrebis~ bo­los darTuli anderZi efremisa: `gevedrebi yovelTa, romelnica miemTxKneT wamebasa amas, raYTa uwyebul iyvneT, viTarmed ara Tu amisTKs daweril ars, viTarca umetessa rasme metyueli pirvelisasa, garna rameTu yovelTave amaT didTa mowameTa or-ori aqus wamebaY ­ uZuelesi da uRrmesi. agreTve aqunden amasca meore ese pirvelisave Tana, rameTu ese berZenTaca esreT aqus, raYca romeli vis snTdes, mas ikiTxvides" (S384, 488; Jordania, 1892, 239; S I, 465). anderZSi efremi gvauwyebs, rom `dimitri Tesalonikelis cxovrebis~ `uZvelesi~ anu kimenuri redaqciac aris Targmnili qarTu­lad, magram berZnulad misi meore anu `uRrmesi~ redaq­ciac arsebobs, rac eWvsgareSea, rom metafrasul redaqcias gulisxmobs. efremis mier aq mowodebuli cnoba, rogorc yovelTvis, sinamdviles Seesabameba. qarTul xelnawerebSi Semonaxulia `dimitri Tesalonikelis wameba” H 341, Ath.70 da Sin.87 xelnawerebSi, romelic kimenuri redaqciisaa. qarTu­lad gvaqvs am Txzulebis kidev erTi Targmani, romelic eqvTime aTonels ekTvnis (K4, 588­593), magram, rogorc Gans, amis Sesaxeb efremma araferi icis, winaaRmdeg SemTxveva­Si is `mosaPseneblis~ im nawilSi, romelSic metafrasuli sakiTxavebis qarTvel mTargmnelebs exeba, eqvTimes mier Targmnil metafrasebs Soris `dimitri Tesalonikelis cxovrebasac~ daasaxelebda. efremis cnobiT ki, `efTKmis loRoTetis SekazmulTagan klementosi oden uTargmnia da wmidisa prokopisi~ (kekeliZe, et. V, 225).

terminebis `kimenisa~ da `metafrasis~ ganmartebas vxvdebiT efrem mciris anderZSi, romelic `mina megKptelis

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cxovrebas~ erTvis: ̀ wmidano mamano! ese wmidisa minaYs wameba iyo Zueladca Targmnili kimenisagan, rameTu esreT ewode­bis pirvel litonad aRwerilsa wignsa mowameTasa, xolo aw ese metafrasisgan iTargmna axlad brZanebiTa kaliposelTa winamZRurisa basilisTa, rameTu mas uPmda mina wmidisaTKs da ese irGia loRoTetisa sKmeonisa Sekazmulisa mowameTaY­sagan, romelsa metafras ewodebis, SegvindeviT da locva yavT" (S384, 643; Jordania, 1892, 222; SI,467). efremis cnobiT, qarTul enaze adreve yofila Targmnili `mina megviptelis wamebis~ kimenuri redaqcia. marTlac, qarTul xelnawerTa sinuri koleqciis erT­erT xelnawerSi (Sin.11) 11 noembris sakiTxavad Setanilia `wameba mena frigielisaY~, romlis mTargmnelad miTiTebulia seiTi. (kekeliZe, et. V, 133; java­xiSvili, sinas aRw., 24). magram sainteresoa, rom efremi arafers ambobs am Txzulebis metafrasuli redaqciis sxva Targmanis Sesaxeb, romelic mis Tanamedroves, konstanti­nopolSi moRvawe Teofile xuces­monazons ekuTvnis, rac gvafiqrebinebs, rom man ar icis am Targmanis arseboba.

svimeon loRoTetis metafrasTa Sesaxeb saintereso cnoba gvaqvs efremis erT­erT `SeiswaveSi~, romelic Teo­dorite kvirelis `filoTeon istorias~ erTvis. Teodor­ites am TxzulebaSi sxva wminda mamebis cxovrebaTa aRw­erasTan erTad Setanilia Txroba `sKmeonisTKs halabelisa~, romelic, efremis cnobiT, Teodorites Tanamedrove yo­fila. Txroba svimeonis Sesaxeb ase iwyeba: `sKmeon yovlad ganTqmuli didi sakKrvelebaY yovlisa soflisaY...". teqs­tis dasawyisis gamo efrem mcires aseTi "Seiswave" daur­Tavs TargmanisaTvis. "Seiswave, viTarmed kma ars ese qebad amis aRmwerelisTKsa, rameTu misTa sityKTa iwyebs sKmeon loRoTeti metafrasTa TKsTa da mciredsa rasa maTgan­sa Sescvalebs da ara yovelsa. xolo ese igi sKmeon ars, romelsa berZenni arhimandritad da GuenRa alabel uwodT" (A682,162v). efremis cnobiT, svimeon metafrass `sKmeon ar­qimandritis cxovrebis~ gardakazmvisas Teodorite kvire­lis `filoTeon istoriis~ Sesabamisi nawiliT usargeblia. efremis azriT, Teodorites rogorc mwerlis saqebrad isic kmara, rom svimeon metafrasma mxolod `mciredi raYme Ses­cvala~ da Teodorites sityvebiT daiwyo aRwera am wminda mamis cxovrebisa.

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`svimeon arqimandritis cxovreba~, romelic svimeon mesuetis saxeliT ufroa cnobili, metafrasuli redaqciis agiografiuli Txzulebaa (P.G.,114), romlis qarTuli Targ­mani Senaxulia ramdenime xelnaweriT da dabeWdilia seqtem­bris Tvis metafrasebis krebulSi (goguaZe, 1986, 26­58). k. kekeliZe mas Teofile xuces­monazonis Targmanad miiGnevs (kekeliZe, et. V, 205), xolo n. goguaZe ki mTargmnels ar asaxelebs (n. goguaZe, gv. 500). am metafrasuli sakiTxavis qarTuli Targmanis teqsti marTlac ise iwyeba, rogorc Teodorite kvirelis `filoTeon istoriaSi `TxrobaY sKme­onisaTKs”: "sKmeon yovlad did sakKrvelebaY soflisaY... ", rac kidev erTxel gvarwmunebs efremis amgvar cnobaTa sis­woreSi.

Tu zemoT Tqmuls SevajamebT, unda aRvniSnoT, rom efrem mciris "mosaxseneblisa" da sxva "mozraxulis" cnobe­bi svimeon loRoTetis moRvaweobisa da mis mier "gardaka­zmuli wignebis" Sesaxeb imdenad swor warmodgenas gviqm­nian metafrastikis Teoriisa da istoriis Sesaxeb, rom sxva wyaroebi mxolod avseben da azusteben maT. efremis anderZebSi da `SeiswaveebSi~ sakmao sisruliTaa daxasiaTe­buli metafrastikis stiluri Taviseburebani da amave dros mocemulia misi istoriis problemebis Teoriuli gacno­biereba da ganzogadeba.

origenes "heqsaplebi". pavles epistoleTa komentarebis efrem mciriseuli Targmanis Semcvel Ath.18 xelnawerSi daculia efremis erTi `Seiswave~, romelic saintereso cnobebs Seicavs origenes `heqsaplebis~ Sesaxeb. `Seiswave~ dawerilia pavles ebraelTa mimarT epistolis 9, 3 muxlis ekumeniosiseuli komentaris Semdegi adgilis gansamarta­vad. ̀ samni gKswaKian Guen kretsabmeli erTsa mas karavsa Sina wignisagan rvaSTasavalisa" (Ath.18, 237). sityuas ̀ rvaSTasav­ali" teqstSi sagangebo niSani uzis, xolo kideze mTargm­nelis "Seiswavea". "Seiswave, rameTu rvaSTasaval uwodian wignsa mas originesgan rva kapatonad dawerilsa, romelsa moiPsenebs wmidaY epifane kKpreli mTavarepiskoposi, rameTu igive da erTi sityuaY ZuelTa wignTa rvajer weril ars, raYTa Seatyunes urTierTas pirvelad _ ebrauli ebrauli­Ta asoYTa, meored _ ebrauli sityuaY berZuliTa asoYTa, me­

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samed _ sameocdaaTTaY, meoTxed _ akKlaYsi, mexuTed sKmax­oYsi, meeqused _ Teodotionisi, meSKded da merved Wursa Sina poKnilni igi ieriqos, romelTa saxelebi ucnaur iyo, Tu vieT Targmnes" (Ath.18, 37).

cnobilia, rom II-III saukuneebis RvTismetyvelma ori­genem, romelmac miznad daisaxa bibliis teqstis berZnuli Targmanis kritikuli dadgena, kolosaluri Sroma gaswia da Seadgina Tavisi cnobili heqsaplebi (˜ξαπλ©), sadac svet­ebad warmodgenili iyo Zveli aRTqmis wignebis sxvadasxva Targmanebi ebraul teqstTan erTad. suraTis sisruli­saTvis origenem oTx berZnul TargmanTan (septuaginta, akKlas, sKmaxosis, Teodotionis Targmanebi) erTad pir­vel or svetSi moaqcia bibliuri wignebis ebrauli teqsti. pirvelSi­ebrauli ebrauli asoebiT, meoreSi ki _ ebrau­li berZnuli asoebiT, anu transliteraciiT. aqedan mii­Ro wignmac saxelwodeba heqsapla, rac berZnul žξ sityvas ukavSirdeba da niSnavs eqvss. bibliis zogierTi adgilis teqstis kritikulad dadgenisaTvis origenes gamouyenebia anonimi mTargmnelebis mier Sesrulebuli sxva Targmanebic, romlebic me­7 da me­8 svetSi mouTavsebia. rva svetisagan Semdgar am wigns berZnulad "oqtaplac" ewodeboda (sity­visagan Òκτè rva), magram sayovelTao gavrceba da popular­oba mainc "heqsaplebma" moipoves, rasac mowmobs ara erTi literaturuli cnobac, sadac origenes es Sroma swored "heqsaplebad" iwodeba. aRsaniSnavia, rom origenes mier te­qstis Sedarebisas gamoyenebul sagangebo pirobiT niSnebs (lemniskusi, hipolemniskusi, asterikso da a. S.) Zveli da axali drois filologebic heqsaplarul niSnebs uwodeben. origenes eqvssvetian wigns icnobdnen Zvel saqarTveloSic da mas "eqvsSTasavledian wigns" eZaxdnen, romlis sanacv­lod arsen iyalToels umjobesad da ufro zustad (anu "umarTle") miuGnevia saxelwodeba "equskeci" da asec gad­mouRia berZnuli "˜ξαπλ©" qarTulad giorgi amartolis "xronografis" qarTul TargmanSi, Tan Tavisi mosazrebac gamouTqvams aSiaze moTavsebul sqolioSi, sadac SeniSnavs: "equskecTa maT wignTa ityKs origenisTa, romelTa qarTu­lad "equsSTasavledad" ityKan, xolo "equsSTasavledsa" "equskeci" umarTle ars, vinaYTgan equsgzis dawera yoveli sityuaY masve da erTsa wignsa Sina da TKT berZnulad cx­

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adad "equskecni" hqKan maT wignTa, xolo "equsSTasavali" Tu sadaYT ars, ara vici, nuukue da sxKsa romelisame gare­moYsa enisagan" (xronografi, 1920, 237). e. i. XI saukunis bolos Tu XII saukunis dasawyisSi, rodesac arseni am si­tyvebs werda, origenes `heqsaplebi~ saqarTveloSi cnobil iyo `equsSTasavledis~ saxeliT, arsens ki amis sanacvlod `equskeci~ SemouRia.

efremis sqolioSi ki sayovelTaod cnobili `equsSTasav­ledis~ an `equskecis~ nacvlad gvaqvs ` wigni rva kapatonad dawerili", anu "rvaSTasavali". aRsaniSnavia isic, rom ar­senis moZRvrad da gamwafelad miGneuli efremi aq mowafis mier dawunebul "STasavals" termins xmarobs origenes wignSi warmodgenili svetebis aRsaniSnavad. efremi origenes "heqsa­plebs" orgvarad moixseniebs: erTgan ­"wigni rva kapatonad dawerili" da meoregan _ "wigni rvaSTasavali". rogorc miu­TiTeben (abulaZe, 1950, 82; danelia, 1982, 98­99). termini ka-patoni igive katapatoni qarTulSi berZnulidan aris Semo­suli da ukavSirdeba sityvas καταβατÒς, rac Zvel berZnulSi kibes, Gamosasvlels aRniSnavs, xolo saSual berZnulSi _ wig­nis, naweris gverds. am termins efrem mcire sxvaganac xmar­obs, kerZod, `gardamocemis~ erT­erT sqolioSi mTargmneli SeniSnavs: `Seiswave yovelive, raYca imersa kapitonsa weril ars, vidre dasasrulamde amis Tavisa, vinca ikiTxvideT anu swerdeT" (A24,50r). kapitons `gardamocemis~ Targmanis mkv­levari laTinur caput (Tavi) sityvas ukavSirebda da wignis Tavis aRmniSvnel terminad miiGnevda (miminoSvili, 1966, 118). magram rogorc k. danelias gamokvlevebma aGvena, kapi­toni katapatonidan miRebuli sityvaa da aRniSnavs naweris gverds, xolo rac Seexeba `heqsaplebis~ Sesatyvisad efremis mier xmarebul `rvaSTasavals~, am rTuli sityvis meore nawi­li `STasavali~ pirdapiri Targmania berZnuli καταβατÒς,­isa (zmnidan καταβαίνω, rac niSnavs Gavdivar) da berZnuli pale­ografiuli terminis qarTuli Sesatyvisia.

rogorc yovelTvis, efremi origenes rva kapatonad daweril wignebze msjelobis drosac, im wyaros asaxelebs, romelsac eyrdnoba. amjerad esaa epifane kKpreli. ("romel-sa moiPsenebs wmidaY epifane kKpreli mTavarepiskoposi"). marTalia, aq dasaxelebuli araa epifanes romel SromaSia amaze saubari, magram vfiqrobT, efremi aq unda gulisx­

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mobdes epifane kKprelis wigns e. w. "panarions" ("panaria"), romelsac qarTulad hqvia "yovelTa wvalebaTaTKs", sadac ganxilulia qristemde arsebuli 20 eresis da qristianobis wiaRSi aRmocenebuli 80 mwvaleblobis, maT Soris origenes moZRvrebac da amasTan dakavSirebiT saubaria origenes heg­zaplebzec. aRsaniSnavia, rom epifane kviprelis "panarions"* eyrdnoba giorgi amartolic Tavis "xronoRrafSi" origen­eze saubrisas: "romlisaTKs didi epifane ityKs panariaTa Sina, viTarmed... origeni mRKZarebaTa Sina da moqalaqobasa kninRa da uPorcoobasa da friadsa mocalebasa saRmrToYsa werilisa gamoZiebasa Sina gulsmodginebiT moRuawe iyo da yovelive equskecad saxeldebulTa maT wignTa muSakobaY SromiT moisaqma kacma man" (xronoRrafi, 1920, 237).

efremis cnobiT, am rvakapatonian anu rva svetad daweril wignSi yofila ebrauli teqsti ebrauliTa asoY­Ta, ebrauli­berZnuli asoYTa, Targmani sameocdaaTTaY, akKlas, sKmaxosis da Teodotionis Targmanebi, romelTac Sesabamisad I-VI svetebi eWiraT. xolo VII da VIII svetSi ki, efremis TqmiT, yofila "ieriqos Wursa Sina povnilni" uc­nobi avtorebis Targmanebi.

"ieriqos Wursa Sina povnili Targmanebi" aSkarad qalaq ieriqoSi WurSi damalul da Semdeg napovn Targmanebs ni­Snavs. magram ra Targmanebia isini? "Wursa Sina povnil Targmanebs" giorgi amartolic asaxelebs origenis " heqsap­lebis" erT­erT svetad. igi SeniSnavs: "ara xolo oTxni igi saGinoni Targmanebani Sekribna erTad (igulisxmeba septuag­inta, akKlas, sKmaxosis da Teodotionis Targmanebi), aramed mexuTeca da meequse, SemdgomTa JamTa povnilni ieriqos Wursa rasme Sina" (xronoRrafi, 237). "Wursa Sina damalu­li Targmanebi" dasaxelebulia epifane kKprelis erT­erT TxzulebaSic: "JamTa seberos mefisaTa mexuTe igi Targ­manebaY ipova ieriqos Wursa damaluli da Semdgomad misa meequse igi TargmanebaY dReTa antanine mefisaTa emaTas Wursa damaluli" (A691,175v). sxva wyaroebi miuTiTeben, rom heqsaplebis bolo svetSi moTavsebuli Targmani nikopol­Si napovni ucnobi avtoris Targmania. e. i. efremis cnoba, rogorc yovelTvis, am SemTxvevaSic sworia. origenes heqsa­plebSi bolo or svetad Setanili yofila ucnobi mTargm­nelebis ̀ Wursa Sina povnili~ Targmanebi bibliisa, romelTa

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damatebiT cnobili `heqsaplebi~ `oqtaplebad~ (Òκτè rva), anu "rvaSTasavledian wignebad" iqceoda. efremi origenes Sromis swored amgvar redaqcias icnobs.

cnobilia, rom origenes am kapitaluri naSromis sx­vadasxva redaqciebi arsebobda: asaxeleben heqsaplebs, oqta­plebs da tetraplebs. "heqsapla" 6 svetisagan Sedgeboda da Seicavda bibliis ebraul teqsts ebrauli asoebiT, ebraul teqsts berZnuli asoebiT, septuagintas, akKlas, sKmaxosis da Teodotionis Targmanebs. "oqtaplaSi" rva sveti iyo warmodgenili. zemoT GamoTvlil 6 svets emateboda "Wursa Sina povnili" ori Targmani (VII svetSi _ ieriqoSi napov­ni da VIII svetSi _ emaTas Sina napovni. efremis "SeiswaveSi" dasaxelebuli "wigni rvaSTasavledi" swored "oqtaplas" qarTuli Sesatyvisia. "tetraplaSi" Setanili iyo bibliis mxolod oTxi berZnuli Targmani (samocdaaTTaY, akKlas, sKmaxosis, Teodotionis) ebraul teqstebis gareSe.

vfiqrobT, efrem mciris zemoT ganxiluli sqolio iZl­eva imis safuZvels, rom davaskvnaT: XI saukunis saqarTvelo­Si icnobdnen origenes heqsaplebis im variantsac, romelic oqtaplis saxeliTaa cnobili. aRsaniSnavia isic, rom ori­genes es Sroma Guenamde mxolod fragmentebis saxiTRaa moR­weuli. amdenad yovel cnobas am naSromis Sesaxeb garkveuli mniSvneloba aqvs origenes memkvidreobis mkvlevarTaTvis da Sesabamisad bizantiuri literaturis istoriisaTvis).

bizantiuri xelnaweri wignebi da berZnuli wignsacavebi. efrem mciris "mozraxulSi" gvxvdeba ara erTi cnoba ber­Znuli wignTsacavebisa da iq daculi xelnaweri wignebis Sedgenilobis, garegnuli saxisa da gaformebis Sesaxeb.

ioane damaskelis ̀ gardamocemis~ SesavalSi efremi gvauw­yebs, rom svimeonwmidis savaneSi arsebuli biblioTekisaTvis Teofile patriarqs Seuwiravs 420 wigni, romelTa Soris ̀ ar­araY hrTavs sagalobeli, TKnier yovelnive sakiTxavni arian~. e. i. 420­ve wigni TxrobiTi Janris Txzulebebs Seicavdao. efremis cnobiT, maT ricxvSi iyo, rogorc ̀ saeklesio sakiTx­avebi~, e. i. sasuliero mwerlobis Zeglebi, aseve `gareSeni~, anu arasasuliero, arasaeklesio xasiaTis literatura. svim­eonwmidaSi, efremis erT­erTi anderZis Tanaxmad, meore bib­lioTekac yofila: `TKT orTa wignissacavTa sKmeonwmidisaTa

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`asketikonni~ sxKT da sxKT hmatdes urTierTas~ (A689, 187r), _ SeniSnavs mTargmneli, romelsac aseTi daskvna basili kesari­elis saTargmnad arGeuli Txzulebis ramdenime xelnaweris gacnobisa da Sedarebis Semdeg gaukeTebia.

svimeonwmidis ori wignsacavis garda, efremi imave ander­ZSi kidev erTs asaxelebs, esaa `wignTsacavi TualisaY~, anu Tualis monastrisa. radgan basili kesarielis `asketikonis~ berZnuli xelnawerebi erTmaneTisagan sakmaod gansxvavebu­li yofila, anu rogorc efremi wers, `sxKTa da sxKT hmat­des urTierTas~, mas Tualis monastris wignsacavSi daculi nusxebic moupovebia da Seudarebia: `amisTKsca TualisaYca moviReTo~, _ aRniSnavs is anderZSi (A689, 187r). Tualis wigsa­cavs efremi, rogorc Gans, xSirad mimarTavda. efrem asuris `asketikonis~ Targmanze darTul erT SeniSvnaSi mTargmneli gvafrTxilebs: `sacnaur iyavn, viTarmed, sKmeonwmidisa da Tualisa wignTa or wignad ars efremi da Tu erTad swerdeT vinme, esreTve adgilsa aGendiT, rameTu esreT iTqmis: efrem pirveli da efrem meore~ (A62, 174v). IX saukunis bizantieli mwerlis giorgi nikomidielis erT­erTi Txzulebis saTau­rTan efrems aseTi SeniSvna miuweria: `ese TKT ars giorgi nikomidel mTavarepiskoposi, romel wignismcveli iyo, vi­Tarca TualelTa wignsa weria~ (S1276, 32r).

rogorc Gans, svimeonwmidis da Tualis monastris bib­lioTekebi sakmaod mdidari yofila, radgan efremis ander­Zebis Tanaxmad, iq daculi yofila Txzulebebi xSirad ara erTi, aramed ramdenime xelnaweriT. ase magaliTad, ramden­ime nusxa yofila basili kesarielis `asketikonisa~, `pavles epistoleTa komentarebisa~ (`samni, gina oTxni Targmani pav­lisani~), `fsalmunTa Targmanebisa~ da sxva mniSvnelovani wignebisa. savaraudoa, rom efrem mciris mier Targmnili Txzulebebis udidesi nawilis dednebic am biblioTekebSi iyo Senaxuli. Tu gadavxedavT efrem mciris naTargmni Ze­glebis sias, advili warmosadgenia, Tu raoden mdidari da mravalferovani unda yofiliyo am wignsacavTa fondebi. bibliur, egzegetikur, homiletikur, agiografiul, asketi­kur, mistikur, himnografiul, istoriul da sxva Janris Tx­zulebebTan erTad aq daculi yofila araerTi sacnobaro xasiaTis wigni, kerZod, leqsikonebi.

`fsalmunTa Targmanebis~ SesavalSi efremi wers: `amas

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Tana amasca mecnier iyav, viTarmed esreT aqus GueulebaY wignebsa berZenTasa, raYTa anbansa zeda ganawyobdnen yov­elTave sityuaTa gamosaZiebelTa da RrmaTa, raYTa advil iyvnen sapovnelad. da wignsa mas `leqsikon~ uwoden, romel ars leqsTaY, ese igi ars, RrmaTa sityuaTaY~ (SaniZe, 1968, 96). amgvari `anbansa zeda ganwyobili Rrma sityvebis kre­bulidan~, anu leqsikonebidan, efremi asaxelebs kidec ramdenimes. kerZod, `samociqulos Targmanebis~ SesavalSi SeniSnavs, rom am egzegetikuri Txzulebis qarTulad Targ­mnisas pavles sam Tu oTx TargmanebasTan erTad ̀ egodennive leqsikoni, romel arn RrmaTa wignurTa sityuaTa anbansa zeda ganwyobili sityuani~ Tana mesxniano (Jer. 16,1v), e. i. pav­les epistoleTa ganmartebis gadmoRebisas efrems mociqu­lis ̀ Rrma sityvis~ gasagebad daweril komentarebTan erTad sami Tu oTxi leqsikonic gamouyenebia. `fsalmunTa Targ­manebis~ SesavalSi efremi sagangebod msjelobs leqsikone­bis Sesaxeb, radgan gadauwyvetia `berZenTa kualsa Sedgom­iTa knini ese saxe~ TviTonac aGvenos, anu Tavis Targmansac daurTos `yovelive RrmaY da gamosaZiebeli sityuaY anbansa zeda ganwyobili~ (SaniZe, 1968, 96.), amitomac amaxvilebs qarTveli mkiTxvelis yuradRebas leqsikonTa daniSnule­baze, maTi Sedgenis wesze da SeniSnavs, rom amgvari wesiT araerTi cnobili leqsikonia Sedgenili berZenTa mier. ker­Zod, ̀ amiT saxiTa ganwyobil arian sityKsgebani mwvalebelT­ani wmidaTa mamaTa da mnaTobTa maTgan yovlisa soflisaTa basili kesarielisa da grigol RmrTismetyuelisa da io­ane damaskelisa, raYTa raJams arsebisaTKs sityua­gigebden winaaRmdgomni, myis anisagan sityua­ugo, xolo bunebisaTKs banisagan da guamisaTKs _ ganisagan. da esreT advil iyos saP­marebelad Jamsa Wirisasa anbansa zeda ganwyobili igi wigne­bi wmidaTaY~ (SaniZe, 1968, 96). efremis mier aq dasaxelebuli wigni `Jamsa Wirisasa~, anu mwvaleblebTan polemikis dros gamosayenebeli leqsikonia, romelSic eklesiis mnaTobTa _ basili kesarielis, grigol RmrTismetyvelis da ioane dam­askelis _ ganmartebebia Tavmoyrili da anbansa zeda ganw­yobili. amgvari leqsikonebis daniSnuleba, efremis azriT, isaa, rom saWiro sityvis ganmarteba advilad misagnebia, rac gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania mowinaaRmdegeebTan ka­maTis dros. efrem mciris mier aq dasaxelebuli leqsikoni

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Teologiuri Sinaarsis specialuri leqsikoni unda iyos. amgvarive wesiT, anu ̀ anbansa zeda ganwyobiT~ aris Sedge­

nili efremis cnobiT, konstantine porfirogenetis da kir-ile aleqsandrielis leqsikonebi. ai, ras wers amis Sesaxeb efremi `fsalmunTa Targmanebis~ SesavalSi: `amiTve saxiTa aRuwerian TKsni leqsikonni RrmaTa sityuaTaTYs berZul­Ta kostantine mefesa porfirogenitsa da didsa kKriles aleqsandrielsa, raYTa raJams eZiebdes umecari, Tu raY ars myisi anu mrGobli, mansa Sina ganumarton, viTarmed: mr­Gobl ewodebis orkecsa, xolo myisi _ anazdaYTsa~ (SaniZe, 1968, 97). konstantine mefis mier `RrmaTa sityuaTaTKs ber­ZulTa~ Sedgenili leqsikoni, iseve rogorc kiriles amgvari Sroma, efremis mier moyvanili magaliTebis mixedviT, ber­Znuli enis ganmartebiTi leqsikonebi Gans. SesaZloa, kirile aleqsandrielis leqsikonSi efremi gulisxmobdes kiriles mier Sedgenil maTes saxarebis sakuTar saxelTa etimolo­giur leqsikons, romlis qarTul Targmans aseTi saTauri aqvs: `leqsi maTes Tavisa saxarebisa ZneloanTa sityuaTa ganmartebaY leqsikoni~, (kekeliZe, et. V, 87; SaniZe, 1975, 71;). qarTulad es leqsikoni erTi xelnaweriTaa cnobili (A65, 340­349) da gamocemulia al. Rlontis mier (Rlonti, 1947). swored am leqsikonTa msgavsad imave principze dayrdnobiT Seudgenia efrems Tavisi leqsikonic, romelSic ̀ fsalmunTa Targmanebidan~ gamokrebili `Zneloani~ adgilebis saxis­metyvelebiTi ganmartebebia anbanze dalagebuli. efremis leqsikonsac igive daniSnuleba aqvs, rac mis mier zemoT dasaxelebul leqsikonebs hqondaT _ `raYTa marjue da ad­vil iyvnen sapovnelad meZiebelTaTKs~ (SaniZe, 1968, 82).

efrem mciris anderZebsa da sqolioebSi vxvdebiT zogi­erT iseT cnobas, romlebic berZnuli xelnawerebis gareg­nul mxares Seexeba; kerZod, ioane damaskelis ̀ gardamocemis~ winasityvaobaSi efremi saubrobs berZnul manuskriptebSi gamoyenebuli marginaluri da punqtuaciuri niSnebis Ses­axeb. kerZod, SeniSnavs, rom `SeiswaveY~, `gansazRvrebaY~, `ganGinebaY~, `samecnieroY ese~, romlebic teqstis ama Tu im monakveTis vizualurad gamosakveTad gamoyenebuli aRniS­vnebia, yovelTa berZulTa wignTa uwerian kidesa~, xolo `saWiroYsa sityKsa Targmani~ ki, anu sityvieri ganmarteba avtorisa Tu komentatorisa, ̀ pativTa zeda~ weriao (TvalT­

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vaZe, 2002, 87). grigol nazianzelis homiliaTa efremiseu­li Targmanebis Semcvel erT­erT krebulSi Senaxulia im pirobiT niSanTa grafikuli gamosaxuleba da daniSnuleb­is ganmarteba, romlebic nazianzelis TxzulebaTa komen­tirebisTvis gamoiyeneboda berZnul xelnawerebSi (Jer.43, 4v; granstremi, 1969; oTxmezuri, 1991, 335­347; 1992, 94­103; 1995, 144­149). efremis anderZebSi daculi cnobebis Tanax­mad, berZnuli wignebi `friad misandobel arian marTliad gakueTilobisaTKs~(A24, 4r) anu punqtuaciuri da sadeklama­cio niSnebis gamoyenebis gamo. `samociqulos Targmanebis~ bolosityvaobaSi efremi aRniSnavs, rom berZnuli dedani, romelic mas hqonia xelT, `moTxviTad mowerili~ iyo da `samociqulos~ gansamartavi muxli Sesabamis komentarTan sagangebo pirobiTi niSniT iyo dakavSirebuli (Ath.18, 235-238; 10,210-221). efremis anderZebSi daculi amgvari cbobebi migvaniSneben, rom bizantiuri filologia am droisaTvis ukve kargad flobs teqstis mecnieruli da kritikuli da­muSavebis meTodebs. qarTuli Targmanebis `berZnulsa wessa zeda gammarTavi~ efrem mcirec cdilobs idges Tavis Tana­medrove bizantiel mwignobarTa doneze da mTargmnelobiTi muSaobis dros marjved iyenebs maT mier damuSavebul me­Todebs. kerZod, Targmanebze darTuli sqolio­komentar­ebi, zandukebi da stiqometriuli aparati, winasityvaobebi da bolosityvaobebi, sagangebo pirobiTi niSnebi, romlebic gamoiyeneba komentirebisa da teqstis koreqtirebisas, sx­vadasxva daniSnulebis marginaluri niSnebi, `wertiliTa gakueTa~, anu punqtuaciuri da saintonacio niSnebi da sxv. efremis TargmanebSi imitomac gvxvdeba, rom `berZennica es­reT hyofen~. efremis Targmanebi am mxriv XI saukunis bizan­tiel mwignobarTa naSrom­naRvawis gverdiT sruli uflebiT SeiZleba davayenoT. misi Targmanebi `berZulsa wessa zedaa gamarTuli~ iseve sanimuSod, rogorc, vTqvaT, bizantieli mwignobris basili gramatikosisa, romelsac, efremis TqmiT, grigol RvTismetyvelis 16­sityviani liturgikuli kreb­ulebis berZnuli teqsti sanimuSod gaumarTavs.

efremis anderZebsa da sqolioebSi gvaqvs ramdenime cno­ba bibliis zogi wignis berZnuli redaqciebis Sesaxebac. basi­li didis `asketikonis~ xelnaweris aSiaze iq, sadac teqstSi saxarebis citataa moyvanili (`maSin emsgavsos sasufeveli

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caTaY aTTa qalwulTa, romelTa aRixunes lampari maTni da ganvides migebebad siZisa da sZlisa~. maT. 25, 1), efremi SeniSnavs: ̀ Seiswave, rameTu ZuHlTa saxarebaTa berZulTaca yofila siZisa da sZlisa~, xolo `aw arcaRa maTTa ars da arca GuHnsa axalsa, rameTu usrulesisa mimarT waremata eklesiaY RmrTisa madliTve misiTa~ (A689, 114r; xinTibiZe, 1968, 165). efremis cnobiT, saxarebaTa Zvel nusxebSi ax­lisagan gansxvavebiT, romelSic mxolod siZis migebebazea saubari (`™ξÁλϑον εἰς Øπ£ντησιν τοà νυµφίου~), yofila `mige­bebad siZisa da sZlisa~. am gancxadebis safuZvels efrems is aZlevs, rom, misi azriT, basili kesarieli, romelic IV saukunis moRvawea, albaT, saxarebaTa Zveli redaqciiT isargeblebda, romelSic damatebuli glosa `sZlisa~ ber­Znul saxarebaTa axal redaqciaSi ar gadmosula, radgan `usrulesisa mimarT waremata eklesiaY RmrTisa~. efremis cnobiT, amgvari glosa arc qarTuli saxarebis axal redaq­ciaSi gvaqvs. cxadia, qarTuli saxarebis axal redaqciaSi aq giorgi aTonelis versia igulisxmeba, romelSic berZnulis msgavsad marTlac mxolod siZis migebebazea saubari: (`ma­Sin emsgavsos sasufeveli caTaY aTTa qalwulTa, romelTa aRixunes lamparni TKsni da ganvides migebebad siZisa~ HIKN-ZYUXJQ) (qarT. oTxT., 1979, 345; giorgiseili oTxTvi, 2002), xolo Zvel qarTul TargmanebSi ki (garda adiSis saxarebisa (adiSis oTxTavi, 2003), marTlac, Zveli berZnuli saxarebis msgavsad, `siZisa da sZlisa~ weria. (`maSin emsgavsos sasufe­veli caTaY aTTa qalwulTa, romelTa aRixunes sanTelni TKsni da ganvides migebebad siZisa da sZlisa~ XADEFGPRST, (winaaTonuri oTxTavi, 2002); efremis es SeniSvna mniSvnelo­vania basili kesarielis ̀ asketikonis~ berZnuli redaqciebis urTierTmimarTebisa da qarTveli mTargmnelis mier dednad SerGeuli nusxis raobis dasadgenadac. radgan ̀ asketikonis~ im redaqciaSi, romelic efrems hqonia xelT, maTes saxare­bis es muxli Zveli variantiT (`siZisa da sZlisa~) yofila warmodgenili, mis mier dednad SerGeuli berZnuli teqstic `asketikonis~ im redaqciis xelnawerTa Soris unda veZeboT, romlebSic aRniSnuli muxlis amgvari wakiTxva gvaqvs.

bibliur wignTa berZnul TargmanebTan dakavSirebiT sainteresoa efremis kidev erTi `Seiswave~, romelic ioane damaskelis `gardamocemas~ erTvis da ganmartavs damaske­

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lis mier citirebul esaia winaswarmetyvelis sityvebs: ̀ ixi­los yovelman Porcman macxovarebaY RmrTisaY~ (esaia, LX, 5). `Seiswave da nu aPoc `Porcsa~, rameTu ara cTomiT daw­eril ars, aramed berZulTa saxarebaTaca da sawinaswarme­tyueloTa `Porci~ weria nacvalad `Porcielisa~ (A24, 101v; miminoSvili, 1966, 131). efremis SeniSvna gamouwvevia sityva `Porcs~, romlis nacvlad qarTul TargmanebSi `Porcieli~ ewera: `ixilos yovelman Porcielman macxovarebaY RmrTi­saY~, rac TiTqos ufro gasagebi da swori Gans qarTulad, magram berZnul bibliaSi, saxarebaSic da esaias winaswarme­tyuelebis teqstSi, efremis cnobiT, weria ara `Porcieli~ (σαρκÒς), aramed `Porci~ (σ£ρξ) da amitomac qarTul Targ­manSic `Porci~ unda daiweros. magram imisTvis, rom `Por­ciels~ SeGveul mkiTxvels es sityva `cTomiT dawerili~ ar egonos, mTargmneli saTanado SeniSvnas akeTebs kideze.

imave Txzulebis erT­erTi adgilis komentars warmoad­gens efremis Semdegi sqolio: `Seiswave, viTarmed ese saw­inawarmetyueloni sityuani ara umecrebiT damiwerian sxue­br, aramed esreT vpoen dedasa Sina~ (A 24, 136r). saqme exeba ioane damaskelis mier `gardamocemis~ teqstSi damowmebul citatebs (I korinT., 15, 32; Sesq. 9, 3; gamosl. 3, 6; sibrZn. sol. 3, 1 da sxv.), romlebic odnav sxvaoben bibliuri teqstisagan, anu, efremis sityvebiT, `sxuebr daweril arian~. miuxedavad imisa, rom efremi amGnevs am sxvaobas, Tavis TargmanSi maT iseve tovebs, rogorc damaskelis berZnul dedanSia da amas akeTebs ara `umecrebiT~, aramed Segnebulad, imitom rom, `esreT ars dedasa Sina~, xolo `wamebad SemoRebuli sityuaY mravalgzis mcired icvlebis wmidaTa mier~ (A24, 53 r).

efremis `mozraxulSi~ zogierTi berZnuli wignis Se­qmnis istoriacaa moTxrobili. kerZod, efremis erT­erTi anderZi srul warmodgenas gvaZlevs `ioane damaskelis cx­ovrebis~ avtorze, Txzulebis Seqmnis droze, da berZnul enaze misi mTargmnelis Sesaxeb. am agiografiuli Txzulebis efrem mciriseuli qarTuli Targmani ramdenime xelnaweri­Taa Gvenamde moRweuli, romelTagan ors (S1276; Sin.91) Se­mounaxavs mTargmnelis anderZic, romlidanac irkveva, rom `mcire ese cxorebaY didisa ioane damaskelisaY~, romelic ioane mRvdlis brZanebiT uTargmnia efrems berZnulidan, `awRa GuenTa JamTa~, anu efremis dros aRiwera `miqaelisgan

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xucisa sKmeonwmidelisa samadlobelad tyueobisagan Psnisa misisa, rameTu dekenbersa erTsa SemosrulTa TurqTa su­limaneTTa amas dResa daipyres qalaqi da mTiT Gamosxes eri dResaswaulsa amis wmidisa iovane damaskelisasa oTx­save missve dekembersa, romelTa Tana uvnebelad daculsa mas zemoxsenebulsa miqael xucessa, sKmeonwmidas Zmasa da maSin qalaqs daxudomilsa, aRewera ese sakiTxavi arabulsa enasa zeda, vinaY­igi berZenTa enad gamoTargmna da Seamko samoel wmidaman mitropolit adanelman, romeli­ese aw qarTuladac iTargmna locviTa berTa sabaYs da antonisiTa, brZanebiTa da saPmariTa ioane zemoPsenebulisa da kKrikes xucad SeswavebulisaYTa~ (S1276, 56r). rogorc vxedavT, am mokle anderZSi warmodgenilia istoria erTi hagiografiu­li Zeglis Seqmnisa. sabawmidel arab bers, miqaels, romelic uvneblad gadarGenia TurqTa Semosevas ioane damaskelis xsenebis dRes (1084 wlis 1 dekemberi) tyveobisgan xsnis sa­madloblad dauweria es sakiTxavi arabul enaze, romelic berZnulad uTargmnia adanis mitropolit samoels, rom­lis Targmani gadmouRia efrem mcires qarTulad. rogorc Gans, imdenad didi iyo interesi am Txzulebis mimarT, rom efrems Tavisi mTargmnelobiTi saqmianobis mTavari saxelmZ­Rvanelo principic ki daurRvevia da Targmanis Targmani moucia, rasac is dauSveblad miiGnevda (`somexisa Svilsa da berZenissa SviliSvilsaRa TKT ueWKda sakuTari Svili var­Gieo~ A292.312r), magram garkveuli roli albaT imanac iTa­maSa, rom samoel adanelis Sesrulebuli berZnuli Targmani `ueWueli da sando~ iyo da amitomac gamosadegi dednad.

efremis anderZis mixedviT SesaZlebeli gaxda `ioane damaskelis cxovrebis~ berZnuli versiis Seqmnis drois sak­mao sizustiT gansazRvrac. arab hagiografs `ioane damaske­lis cxovreba~ 1085 wlis Semdgom dauweria, misi berZnuli Targmanic, efremis cnobiT, maleve `gamoTargmna berZen­Ta enad da Seamko~ adanis mitropolitma, romelic, Tav­is mxriv, `qarTuladca iTargmna~ efrem mciris mier. e. i. rogorc k. kekeliZe SeniSnavs, `samive piri miqaeli, samoeli da efremi Tanamedroveni yofilan~ (kekeliZe, et. VII, 140) da ioane damaskelis arabuli cxovrebis berZnuli Targmani Sesrulebulia 1086­1104 wlebSi. amasTanave, ̀ qarTulma ver­siam Semogvinaxa pirveli berZnuli gadamuSaveba originalis

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arabuli teqstisa... misi mniSvneloba isaa, rom mas safuZv­lad udevs uSualod miqaelis Sroma im saxiT, rogoriTac gamovida avtoris xelidan~(kekeliZe, et. VII, 141).

aRsaniSnavia, rom efrem mciris `SeiswaveebSi~ gvxvdeba ramdenime cnoba TviTon ioane damaskelis Sesaxebac. misi erT­erTi Txzulebis `sityuaY satfurebisaTKs ierusalimi­sa~ efremiseul Targmans erTgan mTargmnelis aseTi SeniS­vna axlavs: `Seiswave, viTarmed saxismetyuelebiT mdinarisa simqarned uwods erisa simravlesa, romelni yovliT kerZo Sesdian tkbilsa mas zRuasa ierusalHmisasa dResaswaulsa satfurebisa da juarTa apyrobisasa, rameTu ese sakiTxavi TKT ierusalims Sina uTquams mas dResa Sina didsa oqronek­tarwodebulsa wmidisa RmrTismSobelisa mier iovanes dam­askelsa~ (S 1276, 1r; K 4; Jer.23). efremis sqolios Tanaxmad, `sityuaY satfurebisaTKs ierusalimisa~ ioane damaskels ierusalimSi warmouTqvams satfurebis da juarTa apyrobis dResaswaulze, romelsac 13 seqtembers dResaswauloben.

ramdenime sqolio axlavs ioane damaskelis `gardamoce­mas~, sadac efremi am wignis avtoris da TviT am Txzulebis Sesaxeb saubrobs. kerZod, `gardamocemis~ erT­erTi muxlis (`RmerTi uvnebelad da TKnier Teslisa Sobs~) mTargmneli­seul komentarSi aRniSnulia: `nu dagikKrdebis uTeslobisa TqumaY RmrTisaTKs, vinaYTgan sarkinozTa Soris iyo wmidaY ioane damaskeli... ~ (A24, 42r); efremis erTi SeniSvna ki ̀ garda­mocemis~ saTaurs Seexeba: `gardamocema ewodebis wignsa amas, rameTu ara sakiTxavTa saxe aqus SesavalTani da daboloe­buli, aramed msgavs ars gardamocemulsa mas mwignobrisasa, romelsa Seiqman nusxad da dasdeben nivTad pirad­piradTa wignTa dawerisa, raYTa visTanaca vis undes, dawe[... ]bdes Zalsa sityKsasa. egreTve wmidasa amas [... ] mokle­mokled aRu­weria yovlisave marTlmadidebelTa sarwmunoebisaTKs, raYTa amier aqundes morwmuneTa Zali pirad­piradisa winaaRmdgo­mTa sityKsgebaTaY, amier miiRon~ (A24, 36r).

efremis `mozraxulSi~ daculia cnobebi `Guenda ar mow-evnuli~ berZnuli wignebis Sesaxebac. dionise areopagelis TxzulebaTa qarTul Targmanze erTgan efrems aseTi Sen­iSvna daurTavs: `Seiswave, viTarmed sxuaYca wigni aRuweria wmidasa amas simarTlisa da saRvToTa msjavrTaTKs, romeli Guenda ara mowevnul ars~ (A 684, 55r). mTargmnelis es SeniS­

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vna gamouwvevia teqstis Semdeg adgils: `ese Guen mier sima­rTlisa da saRmrToTa msjavrTaTKs Tqumulsa Sina Zalisae­br kmasayofelad iTqua~ (petre iberieli, 1961, 58). efremis cnobiT, dionise areopagelis mier aq miTiTebuli Txzuleba `simarTlisa da saRmrToTa msjavrTaTKs~, `Guenda ara mow­evnul ars~, iseve rogorc sxva mravali wigni, romelsac di­onise asaxelebs Tavis TxzulebebSi. areopagelis xuTwigneu­lis Targmanis `winabWeSi~ sagangebo msjelobaa am wignebis Sesaxeb. `uwyebaY jer­ars, viTarmed, sxuanica aRwerilni wmidisa dionKsisni moiPsenebian wignsa amas Sina, romelni arRara mowevnul arian Guenda, xolo moiPsenebian esreT... ~ da Semdeg mocemulia erTgvari saZiebeli, sadac Tavebis miTiTebiT amowerilia dionise areopagelis moRweuli Tx­zulebebidan is adgilebi, sadac avtori asaxelebs Tavis sxva wignebs, romlebic ̀ Guenda ara mowevnul arian~: ̀ saxel­iTaTKs RmrTisaTa~ meoresa Tavsa Sina ityvs: `ese Guen mier sxuaTaca gamoZiebiT gamoGinebul ars samaradisod yovel­TaTKs RmrTiv­SuenierTa saxelTa da ara zomierad raYme~. da Semdgomad amisi: da kualad Semdgomad mciredisa ityKs: `ese Guen aw amas Sina mcired da zogebiT warmogviTquams, xolo sxuaTa adgilTa _ mravlad da kma­sayofelad sityuaTagan gamocxadebulTa~. da Semdgomad mciredisa meoTxesa Tavsa Sina: `da raodeni raY sxuaY Tqumul ars Gem mier TKsebaTa Sina angelozebrTa~. da kualad ityKs: `da raodeni raY sx­uaY Tqumul ars Gem mier TqumulTa maT Sina sulisaTKs~ da dasasrulsa amis meoTxisa Tavisasa ityKs, viTarmed: ̀ ese Guen mier Zalisaebr kma­sayofelad iTqumoded TavTa maT Sina simarTlisa da saRmrToYsa msjavrisaTKs TqumulTa~. xolo `zecaTa mRdelT­mTavrobisaTKs~ TqumulTa Sina dasarulsa meSKde Tavisasa ityKs: `ese zeSTaobiTni qebis­metyuelebani zeSTacaTa gonebaTani, aha, egera saRmrToTa qebaTa Sina raoden dasatevnel iyo, gangKmartebian~. xolo `saekle­sioYsa mRdelT­mTavrobisa~ pirvelsa Tavsa Sina mcired Semdgomad dawyebisa ityKs, viTarmed: `ese Guen mier sacnau­rTa da grZnobaTaTKs Tqumulsa Tavsa Sina uvrcelesadre Tqumul ars~ da kualad Semdgomad mciredisa amas sakiTx­avsa moiPsenebs. xolo `saidumlod RmrTis­metyuelebisa~ Sina, dawyebasa mesame Tavisasa ityKs, viTarmed `RmrTis­metyuelebiTTa ganwesebaTa Sina usakuTresni warTqumi­

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Tisa RmrTis­metyuelebisani vigalobeniT~ da Semdgomad raodenisame kualad ityKs, viTarmed `saxiereba raodeni raY igalobebis saRmrToTa sityuaTa mier Tqumuli RmrTisme­tyuelebiTTa ganwesebaTa Sina... ese da ese raYme [... ... ... ] didisa amis moZRurisaYT wignTa misTaganni ara mowevnul arian~ (A 110,7-8; lolaSvili, 1983,75-76).

dionise areopagelis `zecaTa mRvdelmTavrobisaTKs~ erT­erTi adgilis gansamartavadaa dawerili mTargmnelis Semdegi SeniSvna: `ese papia Targmanebasa Sina mociqul­Ta saqmisasa mowafed iTqumis ioane maxareblisa. xolo wignebi Guen ara guaqus jereT, romelTa saxel­debiT aqa moiPsenebs~ (A110,217; A163, 249; A189, 63r; H194, 8r). efremis mier aq dasaxelebuli papia unda iyos papia hieropoleli, axali welTaRricxvis I­II saukuneebis moRvawe (60/70_120/130 ww.), romelic frigiaSi mdebare qalaq hieropolisis episkopo­si iyo. rogorc miuTiTeben (buxbergeri, 1963, 34­36) iere­neusis erT­erT wignSi es papia moixsenieba ioane maxareblis mowafed da polikarpe smirnelis Tanamedroved. efremis `Seiswaves~ mixedviT, igive cnoba unda veZioT mociqulTa saqmis TargmanebSic, sadac `ese papia... mowafed iTqumis io­ane maxarebelisa~.

efremis SeniSvnis mixedviT dionise areopagelis `zecaTa mRvdelmTavrobisTKs~ teqstSi saxeldebiT unda yofili­yo moxseniebuli papias wignebi, magram gamocemis mixedviT mTargmnelis komentaris Sesabamis teqsts ver mivageniT, amitom ra wignebi iyo iq dasaxelebuli, GvenTvis ucnobia. savaraudoa, rom efremi aq gulisxmobdes papias yvelaze cno­bil Txzulebas `ganmartebani uflisa sityuaTani~ (Explanatio sermonum Domini), romelic xuT Tavad yofila dawerili da romelic dakargulad iTvleba. SemorGenilia mxolod frag­mentebi evsevi kesarielis, rufinusis da sxvaTa SromebSi da­dasturebuli eqscerptebis saxiT (P.G. t.5; col. 1256-1261).

efremis zogierT SeniSvnaSi konkretuli berZnuli nusxebis gadamwerTa Sesaxebac aris daculi cnoba. magaliT­ad, kaTolike epistoleTa Targmanebis berZnuli xelnaweri, romelic dednad hqonia efrems, vinme andria xuces­mona­zonis gadawerili yofila: `locva yavT andriaTKs xuces­monazonisa, romeli yofil­ars mwerali berZulisa amis wig­nisaY, romlisagan iTargmna kaTolikeTa ese Targmani enasa

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Guensa~ (Q1158,316), _ SeniSnavs `samociqulos Targmanebis~ erT­erT anderZSi efrem mcire.

mTargmnelis zogi SeniSvna berZnul xelnawerebSi Sem­Gneul `cTomilebs~ Seexeba. imave `samociqulos Targmane­baSi~ aris aseTi `Seiswave~. `Seiswave, rameTu ese cTomili berZuladca ars da, mgonia, romel mweralTagan. amisTKs ese zemoni sityuani berZuladve vpoen sabralobelad dawerilni visganme filosofosisa~ (A390,38v; Jer.9,117r; danelia,1982,332); an `ese Targmani berZulad aqa iyo~ (Ath.18, 86).

efremis mozraxul anderZebsa da sqolioebSi gvaqvs in­formaciuli xasiaTis SeniSvnebic. aseTia erTi `Seiswave~, romelic Teodorite kvirelis `filoTeon istoriis~ Sem­deg adgils erTvis: ̀ xolo mgzavrobaY TKsi yo kKroYT kerZo, romel­igi ars qalaqi or sadgur Sorieli antioqiiT~. aSiaze aseTi SeniSvnaa: ̀ Seiswave, rameTu amis kKroYs episkoposi iyo netari Teodorite, aRmwereli wignisaY amis~(A689,203 r).

imave Txzulebis sxva adgils (`nisibi ars sazRvari berZenTa da sparsTa sameufoYsaY~), aseTi SeniSvna aqvs dar­Tuli: `Seiswave, viTarmed amier iyo wmida efrem asuri, viTarca mogviTxrobs sozomenos da sxuani saeklesioTa TxrobaTa aRmwerelni~ (A689,196; A682,95v).

dionise areopagelis erT­erTi epistolis (`gaiosis mi­marT mowesisa~) Targmans saTaurTan mTargmnelis sqolio aqvs miwerili, romelic epistolis adresats, gaioss, Se­exeba: `viTar vhgoneb, ese igi gaios ars, romlisa mimarT mesamesa epistolesa miswers RmrTismetyueli ioane, rameTu maTve JamTa iyo da mociqulTa Tana zrdil iyo didi ese moZRvari, romeli miswers missa... ~ (A163,453).

mTargmnelis amgvari SeniSvnebi, cxadia, pirvel rigSi Targmanis gagebis gaiolebis da sworad gaazrebis mizni­Taa dawerili, magram, amasTanave, maTSi daculi cnobebic TavisTavad mniSvnelovania. efremis anderZebsa da sqoli­oebSi daculi cnobebi amdidreben Gvens warmodgenas XI saukunis bizantiuri filologiis miRwevebze, bizantiel mwignobarTa muSaobis principebze, berZnul xelnaweri wignebis Sedgenilobasa da gaformebaze, romelTa msgavsad, anu ̀ berZulsa wessa zeda gamarTviT~, iqmneboda is qarTuli xelnawerebic, romlebic Savi mTis literaturuli skolis skriptoriumemidan gamodioda.

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T a

e f r e m r i t y  s g m a n i

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efrem mciris kolofonebi (teqstebi)

Sesavali efrem mciris fsalmunTa TargmanebisaSewevniTa uflisa Guenisa iesu (qriste)siTa.

uwyebaY mizezsa d(a viTareb)asa, da TxrobaY wessa da saPmarebasa wina­mdeba(ris)sa amis wignisasa,

romel ars `TargmanebaY fsalmunTaY~18

daRacaTu kadnier ars Pel­[yo]faY ese, aramed Sesan[d]obel [iy]avn swavlis­moyuare[Ta] mier, romelni keTilad mecnier [ar]ian, viTarmed (m)axlobelni ba[gi]Ta, xolo So­rielni PmiTa da [uf]roYsRa msxemni da war[ma]valni qar­tiTa da mel[niT]a auwyeben naTesavsa [mom]avalsa gulis­zraxva[Ta] gulisa TKsisaTa, romelTa [Tan]a Seracxil iyavn Guenda[mo] (S)endobiT brZanebuli [ese] aRmwerelo­baY, raYTa me[qmn]es Guen aRw(eraY sit)yuaTaY [aR]saareb(ad) gulis­sityuaTa. [xolo aRs]aarebaY gulis­sityuaTaY [mite]veba cTomilebaTa [raJams] esreT zogebiT warmovi­tyodiT uwyebasa [Sina mizezi]sasa sa(Pmarebis)a[Tvis wmi­disa] amis wignisa[Ysa da] gan[vazav]ebd(i)T sity(u)[a]Ta... . ] x [sityuaTa [... ] (S)[e](v)amkobd(eT) [ ... . . ]iko[... . ](n)oYs[aY]Ta [ ... gan]acxados (sityuaman wina­[mdebare]man, romeli iwyeb(is) esreT: [giorgis] ukue didsa mas [saxel­mo]d(g)amsa muSako[bisasa] d[a mou]wyinebelad [moqmeds]a qristes venaPisa[sa didi Rua]wli (da Sro)maY [Tavs­edva] gana(x)lebisa[TKs da ucTome]lad Targmanebisa wignisa mis fsalmunTaYsa] da ara xolo erTgzis, aramed orgzisca eTargmna igi berZulis(a)gan. da sxuaTave namuSakevTa TK­sTa uricxuebasa Tana amaTica nayo(fTa) SuenierebaY da­eunja qarTvelTa naTesavisda.

amisTKsca me, uRirsman brWalman patiosnisa mis gua­misa misisaman, brZanebiTa da locviTa berisa Gemisa saba sulaYs Zisa TuxarselisaYTa da madliTa da meoxebiTa

18 fsalmunTa Targmanebis Sesavlis teqsti Q37, Jer.1, S 1476, A14, Q 558, Q 675 xelnawerebis mixedviT gamosca mz. SaniZem: Tsu Zveli qar­Tul enis kaTerdis Sromebi 11, saiubileo, Tb., 1968, gv. 77­122

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TKT misve wmidisa (mamisa giorgi mTawmidelisaYTa da zo­gad Guen yovelTa mamisa da winamZRurisa efT(K)mesiTa knin odeni raYme guls­modginebaY davdev, raYTa SevsZino mis mier axlad Targmanebulsa [wi]gnsa fsalmunTasa wi­gni ese TargmanTa daviTisaTaY, (rom)lisa aRmwerel arian aleqsandriiT aRmobrwyinvebulni igi orni mzeni yovlisa soflisani _ aTanase da kKrile sxuaTave Tana SemdgomTa maTTa.

xolo amas ra vh[yof]d, ara (T)KT mopovnebulsa, arca Gem mier RoniT ganmzadebulsa, aramed missave mas mtkiced dadebulsa safuZvel[sa] zeda maSenebel viqmen. ese­igi ars, romel vityK, viTarmed muPli daviTisaY mis mierve Targmanebuli igi ar(s x)arisx sapfirovnisa da Gem mier [mas] zeda Senebul Ta(rgma)ni muPlisaY, viTarca z[R]ude piloYs Zu[alisaY], /pirvel moPsenebulTa maT wmi­daTa mier aRwerili enasa berZenTasa SewevniTa sulisa wmidisaYTa, xolo Gem mier Targmanebuli enasa qarTvel­Tasa, zeda­mdgomelobiTa da saWeT­mpyrobelobiTa mena­veT­moZRurisa amis GemisaYTa, romelman ese mougo afrad aRmarTebulad mciresa mas Puamaldsa uRirsebisa Gemi­sasa, raYTa, viTarca­igi wmidaTa maT mRdelTmoZRuarTa winamZRurad sityKsa iPumies (q)nari igi sityuaTa davi­TisTaY, egreTve me momemadlos Zalmwed sityuaTa maTTa Targmanebisa locvaY da meoPebaY saTnoebaTa saunjisa mis mamisa giorgi mTawmidelisaY, raJams ara Gemsa, aramed mis mier ganmarTebulsa mas zeda safuZvelsa mtkicesa viwyo Senebad da unarGevesobasa mowfobisa misisasa kualTave misTa midevnebiTa yovelTa Soris gancxadebad. xolo vi­naYTgan Sesavalad daviTTa misTa daedva mas Sesavali wmi­disa aTanases `daviTisa TargmnisaY~, amisTKsca me arRara mkadre­viqmen wignsa amas Sina darTvad misda, raYTa ara orgzis Targmanebulad sagonebel iqmnes, aramed dauteve igi maT, romelTaca enebos sxuaTa, ukueTu ipovnenRa vin moklebasa amas Sina JamTa[sa] gardamwerelni ama(T daviT)isa TargmanTani, raYTa maT (g)uls­idginon Sesavalica. igi amasve adgilsa dawe[rad, sada­igi ukue weri]l ars [... ... . . ] da mau[wyebel... ] saPmar(eb)[elobasa... ] da Gem­

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da esec [... ... ] wina­mauwyebel geqmnes swavlis moyua­reTa, Tu raodenni arian (Targmaneba(ni) daviTisani, anu Tu Gueni ese Tar[gmani daviTisaY raodenTa [wig]nTagan erTad Semokre[bu]l ars.

sacnaur iyav[n], viTarmed viTar­igi pirvelTa maT Ja[mTa] araraY aqunda sxuaY sagalobelad saekles[iod] TKnier fsalmunTa wignisa, v[iTar]­ese aw sacnaur hyof[en] eklesiani sapatriaq[oni] da yovelTa didTa de­da­qalaq[Tani], egreTve arca ras sx[uasa] metyuelebdes saekles[iosa] winamZRuarni eklesia(Tani], aramed romelsa­ca fsalmunsa zeda dae[mTxK]is eklesiad SeslvaY [wmidaTa] maT mamaTaY, igica gam[ou]Targmanian ersa _ viTar­[igi] vi­swavebT wmidisa basi[lis] mier adgil­adgil Targma[nebu]lTa maT fsalmunTa. mier, viTarmed, [sa]daca romelsaca fsalmunsa zeda da[em]TxKa eklesiad Sesl[vaY] misi, igi(ca ga)mouTar[gmnis] ersa. amis(TKs)ca y[ovelni fsalmunni], adgil­adgil Targman[ebu]lni da erTad wignad [Sek]re­bulni enasa ber[Zen]Tasa, unaklulod [iTarg]mnes enasa (a)[mas Guensa] wmidisa da netarisa m[amisa] efTKm(es) mier. da [wmidisa basilis] mier Targmanebul[i sxuaY] ara ars, TK­nier misa, romeli­igi moguaniW(a Guen) [wmidaman efTKme] / [sixarulisa sexneman] yovelTa TargmanTa [mama]man da w[yaro]man mety[uel]ebisaman.

[xolo sruleb]iT mTargmnelni fsalmunTa [wig]nisani ese arian: aTanasis [vity]K da kKriles, romelTa­igi a[r]a erTiTa, aramed or­oriTa [Tar]gmniTa uTargmnia yoveli mu[Pli] [daviTis]aY: erTi igi Semok[lebul]ad da litonad _ ma[r]tivTaTKs da litonTa, da meore igi uvrcelesad da u[R]rme(sa)d _ gamomeZiebelTa[TKs] da [gulis]Pmis­myo­felTa. arian kualad sxuanica mTargmnelni [daviTi]sani: evsuqi xucesi ierusalemeli da asteri episko[po]si amasie­li. kualad guasmi[es] vieTganme, viTarmed ovane oq[rop]irisaca mier Targmnil ars [daviTi s]rulebiT, garna ara [srulad ipo]ebis yoveli, aramed `Wiris ka[noniTgan~ dawy]ebuli da vidre [ ... ... ]mde miyvaneb[uli... ] rod aqus [wmidaTa eklesi]aTa.

arian u[kue sxua]nica umravlesni [pirvel moPsen]

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ebulTasa mTar[gmnelni daviTi]sani, ara ueWu[lni, aramed friadc]a saeWuelni. da [maTTKs esreT vT]qua, viTarmed yovlad ue[Wueln]i uRmrToebisa[TK]s da [ ... . lni wv]ale­bisaTKs

[ ... ... Targman]ebani Zue[lisa sjulisani] friad (Rrm)a arian [ZaliTa da a]misTKsca Sewyna[rebul aria]n berZenTa na[TesavTa]gan, viTarca pirvel wva[leb ... ]sa aRweri[lni igi Tavisu]falni [ ... ... . ]a Gemda [ ... ... . ka]drebisa [ ... . . uxil]avi [ ... ... ... ... . ](maT mier aR)werili igi Targma­nebaY wignisa mis fsalmunTaYsaY, viTarmca wignebsa Tana wmidaTasa SevaerTe wignebi maTi, romelni­igi arianozTa da originianTa Tana SeiGuenebian. da berZenTasa mas Sewy­narebasa maTisa mis wignisasa maqebelve var, rameTu maT Zal­uc wamlianTaganca mPecTa SemzadebaY wamlisa sakur­nebelisaY. da romelni­igi esoden srul arian sibrZniTa, romel warmarTTa mekerpeTa sibrZnesa warmostyuenven simdidred eklesiisa, raY sakKrvel ars, ukueTu mwva­lebelTaYca raYme keTilad aRwerili Zalad gulisPmis­yofisaY iPumion? da Guensa arave mZagebel var krZalu­lebasa, rameTu `uZlurni mwvalebelTa Tana nu Wameno~, _ ityKs werili, _ xolo ukueTu vieTnime Zlier iyvnen, sadidebelad RmrTisa mividodeno~, _ amasca SesZinebs, da keTil! keTil, rameTu mislvaYca da ara­mislvaYca wa­mebiTa wmidaTaYTa ars da ara TKT­SjulobiT, arca uwa­mebelad.

`garna me, ara Tumca sxuaTa gangdebulTasa, aramed vercaRa Tevdoritessa mas `Targmansa daviTisasa~ Peli Sevyav mciredisa misTKs sityKs­gebisa, romeli iqmna reca wina­aRdgomiT Soris missa da wmidisa kKrilessa, rome­li­igi ukuanaYsknel daiPsna da uGino iqmna, raJams Te­vdorites mierve SeiGuennes aTormetni igi Tavni, romel a[Re]wernes mas wina­aRsadgomelad RmerT­Semosilisa kKrile(ssa). da Tevdorite yovlisave / berZenTa naTe­savisa mier mamad marTlmadideblobisa Seracxil ars, viTarca saxelovani mTargmnelobiTa yovelTave Zuelisa Sjulisa wignTaYTa da yovliT kerZo Tana­Semwe marTl­madidebelTaY

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garna me egreTca vhrideve da aRKr­vasxen gulis­sityuasa Taflebr damatkbobelisa misgan gonebaTaYsa `fsalmunTa Targmnisa~ misisa da kma­viyven mciredni ese da Semoklebulni Targmanni ueWuelobisaTKs da Rirsebi­sa saxelovanTa maT TargmanTaYsa. da romeli oden vpove marTmadidebelTa mier Targmanebuli sityuaY daviTi­si, yovelive erTad wignad Sevkribe. rameTu raodennica iyvnes wignis­sacavsa sKmeonwmidisasa `Targmanni daviTi­sani~, yovelnive dedad mqondes da friadiTa SromiTa maT yovelTagan erTad SevaerTe, romeli oden ipoeboda maT Sina marTlmadidebelTa mier Targmanebuli. rameTu sxuad wignad maqunda aTanasesi da sxuad kKrilesi, orni­ve srulebiTni da SemoklebiTni `Targmanni daviTisani~, da kualad sxuani wignni orni, romelni yovelTave `da­viTisa TargmanTagan~ erTad Semokrebul iyvnes srule­biTni da ganvrcelebiTni `Targmanni daviTisani~ da (m)aT Sina adgil­adgil mepoeboda uvrcelesebi igi Targmanebi aTanasesi da kKrilesi da kualad adgil­adgil evsu[qisi da asterisi. da] amaT[gan kide sxuani Targmanni] ver [vpo­ven. da raYTa arRara] friad ganvagrZo sityuaY (e)[se... ... e]bisaY, romeli oden mepova marTlmadidebelTa mamaTaY, [TK]nier Tevdoritessa, arca erTi sxuaY damigdia.

xolo vinaYTgan mraval arian wignni wmidaTa miwame­bulni da ara­wmidaTa mier mopovnebulni, romelTa es­reT ganarGeven moZRvarni wignebisani, viTarca [na]Telsa wina­aRmdgomisasa naTlisagan RmrTisa mierisa, amisT­sca, locvasave da madlsa Tana utyuTa aRmatyuebelisa mis Gemisasa, ese iyo mcnebaY misi, (raYTa) [a]raraYsa Pel­vyo Targmnad pirvel gamowulilvi[sa da ga]mokiTxvisa mec(nie)[rTa] da Sewynareb(u)lisa sityKs­g(e)bisa da wign­Ta did[ad saP]marebelTaYsa. [rameTu vidre dRe]samomde wyalobiTa [da Sewe]vniTa RmrTisaYTa ara p[ovnil] ars GuenTa naTesavTa [mier] aRweraY mrudi(sa raYs)m[e] anu cTomili(saY, aramed) [cTo]milebani igi romel[Tame mra]valTaTvisa sakiTxa(vTa)ni berZulisagan(ve) [Targ]mane­bul arian gamo[uwu]lilvelad da aRtac[ebulad] Targm­nTa Zuel(Ta Ta)[arg]manTaYTa, (rome)lTa­igi [SeemT]xKa

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aRmo(sxmas)a T(ana) aR[ ... ... ]sasa Tana­aR[ ... ... . ]rebisaY. xolo (kualad es)eca [sacna]ur iyavn, [viTarmed] u[ ] /

[... ... ] da [... . . ] (d)a (Seatyueb)des [... ... . ] (Semok)rebu(lsa)

`Ta[rgmans]a daviTisasa~ (v)hgoneb viTarmed erTsa wignsa Sina ver miem(Tx)uevis yovelsave unaklu(l)od. rameTu me kualTa wmidisa mis mamisa da moZRurisa Gemisa giorgi mTawmidelisaTa Seudeg, romlisaY­igi saTueoY sagalobe­li ara erTisa, aramed mravalTa dedaTagan erTad Sekre­bul ars da erTsa wignsa Sina berZulad ara romelsa ipo­ebis egodeni sagalobeli. egreTve Gueni ese `TargmanebaY daviTisaY~ erTisa misgan xolo gankrZalul ars, raYTa gareSeTa TargmanTaY araraY SemoiRos, [viTarca] gankue­TilTaY wvalebisaTKs. xolo aTanasesi da kKrilesi, (evs)uqisi da asterisi ara (xolo `daviTisa Ta)rgmanTagani~, aramed [sxuaTa Targman]Taganca maTTa, ad[gi]l­[ad](gil), sadaca povnil ars daviTis sityuaTa Zali, yovelive Se­mokrebulad vpove orTa maT wignTa Sina, romelni­igi yo­velTave `daviTisa TargmanTagan~ Semokrebul iyvnes ms­gavsad saxarebaTa maT SemkobilTa didisa xuTSabaTisaTa. amisTKsca odesme iSKT daemTxuevis RmrTismetyuelisaYca da noselisaYca da sxuaTaca vieTme sakiTxavTa Sina gan­martebuli muPli da aqa ganwyobilsa Tana adgilsa TKssa dawe(sebuli da) viTarca umdidresiTa (madliTa RmrTi­sa)YTa aRsavse arian s[ityuani] ese yovlad brZnisa [amis] daviT winaYswarmetyuelisani, egreTve umdidres sxuaTa sawinaYswarmetyueloTa ars TiTo­ferebaY igi samoselTa Targmanebisa misisaTaY, rameTu eseviTari samkauli Sue­noda guamsa RmrTiv­aRZrulTa amaT sityuaTa misTasa, raYTa Seimosos Zoweuli bisonsa Tana da porfiri mewa­mulsa Tana.

da ese ars mizezi romelTame muPlTa Semoklebulad Targmnisa da romelTame uvrcelesadre. rameTu, sada­igi mokled da litonad Targmnilisa misgan oden ipova Targmani, eseviTari igi muPli SemoklebiTiTa Targmni­Ta daiwera. xolo, romelTa muPlTaTKs [Se]moklebiTTa TargmanTa zeda dasarTvelad guepova ganvcelebulisa

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misgani, anu sakiTxavTa Sina povnili _ anu evsuqisi gina asterisi­ eseviTarisa mis muPlisa Targmani mcired gan­vrcna. da aw ars Guensa amas `daviTisa Targmansa~ Sina Se­moklebiTi igi Targmanebi muPlTaY aTanasesi da kKrilesi yoveli unaklulod, xolo ganvrcelebiTTa maT Targman­Ta maTTagani da evsuqisi da asterisi adgil­adgil oden, rameTu amaTni dedani srulebiT ver vipoven.

da ese aqamomde iyavn, raYTa Guen viwyoT sityuad, Tu viTar jer­ars PmarebaY Zalsa amaT TargmanTasa, anu Tu viTar gulisPmis­yofaY odesme msgavsebasa da odesme reca winaaRmdgomad sagonebe[lo]basa maTsa. amaT Semdgomad [ ... ]bulTa msgavsebaY / da ara­msgavsebaY ganguemartebis Tana­Setyuebisagan oTxTa wmidaTa saxarebaTaYsa, viTar­igi mun misve da erTisa qristes saqmeTa warmoTqumisaTKs odesme SeierTebis da odesme mcired reca ganiyofebis sityuaY wmidaTa maxarebelTaY, da arca ganyofa igi maTi ganwvalebasa iqms, viTarmca wina­aRudgebodes urTier­Tas, arca SeerTebaY maTi Serwyumasa hyofs, viTarmca ur­TierTasa ivasxebdes sityuaTa maT. aramed ganyofilobad saeWuelobaY igi maTi ueWuel ars erTobisaTKs, da zoge­biT metyuelebaY arave sauWuel ars, viTarmed misve da erTisa sulisagan metyuelebdes da ara Tu sxuaY sxKsagan rasme moxueWiT moipoebdes. egreTve aqa Targmannica ese daviTisani: ara xolo Guenni, aramed gareSenica mraval gzis GuenTa amaT mier Targmanebulsa miemsgavsebian: rame­Tu umravlesTa adgilTa, raJams warikiTxo wmidisa basi­lis mier aRwerili Targmani muPlisaY, yovliTurT Tana­Seetyuebis missa mas evsevisica pamfilesisaY da egreTve odesme, raY­igi Zali aqun Targmansa aTanase RmerT­Semo­silisasa, igive Zali aqundis oroginessa mas yovlad Sec­Tomilisasa. amisTKsca msgavsebisa amisgan sityuaTaYsa [. ]d numca vis hgonies, Tu [wmidasa mamas]a sxKsa uvasxebi[es bil]wTa ara­wmidaTagan, an(u) [... ... ... ... . ]s(W)er [... ... ... . ] erT [ ... ... . . ]ben wmidani (e) [... . ] SeierTebian msgavsebiTa oTxTa maxarebelTaYTa da odesme kualad ganiyof(ebi)an midevnebiTa kualTa maTTaYTa, ara wina­aRudgebian ur­TierTas, ara, aramed romelime ganmartebiT Targmnis mu­

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Plsa da romelime saxis­metyuelebiT. da ara xolo orni, (anu) organ, aramed TKT igive erT da erTsa Sina adgilsa ganhmartebsca da saxis­metyuelebsca masve da erTsa mu­Plsa. da iqmnen misve da erTisa sulisagan mom(Rebelni) sityKsani. sulsa vit[yK wmidasa], romlisa mofenaman meTe­vzurni mTrval sagonebel yvna.

xolo eseca cxad ars, viTarmed uzeSTaes ars ganmar­tebiT TargmnaY saxis­metyuelebiT Targmnisasa: rameTu yovelsave muPlsa saxis­metyueleba SesaZlebel ars ara erT saxed oden, aramed mraval saxedca, xolo [igi]ve gan­martebaY ara xolo S[u]Zlebel ars, aramed sacTurebaYca. viTar­igi arian (RmrTi)saTKs Tqumulni: daZinebaY da gan­RKZebaY, jdomaY da (aRdgo)maY, risxvaY da (gulis w)yromaY, daviwyebaY da moPsenebaY _ ese yovelni [v]neb[a]ni arian ... ... . . []a [... ... . dida... . ]Ta) bu[n]eboani (x)[ ... ] univTo ars da uvnebel da uqcevel yovelsa Sina.

da kualad, gesmodin raY Pel(n)i da ferPni RmrTisani, Tualni da guli, uwyode, viTarmed amissaca gulisPmis­yofasa saxis­metyuelebaY uPms da ara ganmartebaY, vinaYT­gan araraY PorcielTa da zrqelTagani ipoebis uPorcosa mas Tana da uxilavsa.

xolo Tu viTar saxis­metyueleben sityuaTa amaT wmi­dani ese mamani mTargmnelni daviTisani, ese adgil­adgil mimoganfenil ars wignsa amas Sina da Znel sapovnelad. amisTKsca mciredi mravlisagan erTad Semokrebul iqm­na gamomeZiebel[TaTKs] da wina­Sesavalsa a[mis] wignisa Guenisasa daewer[a], ara litonad, arca u[rTi]erTas aR­reulad, [aramed as]oTa zeda anbnisaTa ganwyobilad da gankargulad, raYTa marjue da advil iyvnen sapovnelad meZiebelTaTKs.

vinaYca Sen, qristes moyuareo, eZiebde Tu amas (gu)ls­modginebiT, mecnier (iq)mne da scna GuenTKs, viTarmed misve (TiPis)agan vmekeceobT da amaTve wignTa mier miRe­buliTa ZaliTa ganvaZlierebT uZlurebasa sityKsa Gueni­sasa, da ara TaviT TKsiT movipovebT Targmanebasa (ma)R(a)l(T)a a(maT) sityuaTasa, aramed aTanases mier da kKriles, evsuqis da asteris adgil­adgil aRmocenebulTa yuavil­

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Ta erTad golad sitkboebisa daviunjebT. da amas ara srulebiT da unaklulod, aramed zogebiT da moklebiT wina­giyofT Tquen, raYTa knin odeniTa gemoYs­xilviTa giGuenoT gemoY mdinarisa didisa da mcirisa mier fesK­sa gangicxadoT yoveli qsovilebaY samoslisaY da esreT viwyoT sityuad SewevniTa RmrTisa yovlad Zlierisa ma­misa da Zisa da sulis wmidisaYTa.

adgil RmrTisa odesme caY iTqumis, da odesme ekle­siaY, da odesme qalwuli, da odesme guami kacad­kacadi­saY, gina Tu yovelive, romelsaca zeda ganisuenos neba­man RmrTisaman. rameTu amaT yovelTa mier cxad ars, vi­Tarmed arca erTisa adgilisa mier gare­Secvul ars igi, aramed yovelive mas mxolosa Seucavs. xolo ese yovelni sxuebr da sxuebr gulisPma­iyofebian adgilad RmrTi­sa: caY _ simaRlisaTKs RmrTeebisa misisa, rameTu araraY epoebis sxuaY gonebasa kacTasa umaRlesi adgili ufroYs caTa. amisTKsca casa saydar misa uwodian da queyanasa kuarcxbek. da ese yoveli mopovnebiT da saxis­metyuele­biT, raYTa gamoaGinos simaRle R[mrTe]ebisa misisaY. xolo qalwul[sa] /ewodebis adgil damtevnel meufebisa misisa, rameTu yovliTurT d(ai)­mkKdra mis Tana sityuaman Rmr­Tisa mamisaman da ganPorcielda misgan, xolo eklesiaY _ saidumloTa maTTKs, romelni mas Sina aResrulebian, xolo guami kacad­kacadisaY _ sityKsa misTKs, viTarmed: “me da mamaY movideT da mis Tana savane vyoT~.

aRdgoma RmrTisa ars, raJams aGuenos Guen zeda Zali qvelismoqmedebaTa gina mtanjvelobaTa TKsTaY. vinaYT­gan, sityKsaebr didisa mis RmrTis­metyuelisa, ara Tu msgavsebisagan bunebiTisa, aramed saqmeTagan, romelni arian garemoYs missa, sacnaur iqmnebis Guenda RmerTi.

da kualad aRdgoma ars ganPorcielebaY Zisa Rmr­TisaY, romlisa ara­dayovnebad moqene iyvnes winaYswarme­tyuelni.

aRmsToba RmrTisa or­saxe ars: romeli­igi iTqumis gina Tu SecvalebisaTKs miSuebaTa da sul­grZelebaTaYsa da ara­dayovnebisaTKs pati[J]Ta, gina pativTa kacad­kaca­disaTa, anu Tu orTa maTTKs moslvaTa qristesTa, pirve­

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lisa da ukuanaYsknelisa. amaRleba misa iTqumis Semdgomad queyanad mosl­

visa zecad amaRlebaY da kualad amaRleba RmrTisa ars dRiTi­dRediTa moqmedebiTa saswaulTaYTa warmarTTa Soris Zali [sul]isa misisa[Y... ... ].

alag RmrTisa (arian) [brZane]bani misni, romelTa (m)[orGile]bad awuevT yovelTa.

argan RmrTisa ars SewevnaY nugeSis­cemiTi, gina Tu swavlaY tanjviTi.

aGrdil RmrTisa ars gina Tu Zueli igi Sjuli aw[in]delsa amas Tana, anu Tu awindeli ese madli me[r]mesa mas usrulessa cnobasa Tana.

asul misa arian sulni wmidaTani. aRTquma RmrTisa saxel­edebis Zu[e]lsa da axalsa. aRmosaval RmrTisa ars zeSTa aR[ma]tebuli igi si­

maRle RmrTe[ebi]sa misisaY. aRmoTquma [mami]sa ars uvnebelad [da] uJamod SobaY

TanadausabamoYsa ZisaY. brwyinvaleba mamisa a[rs] Ze mxolodSobili, xolo

[brwyi]nvaleba Zisa ar(ian) brwyinvalebani meoreni _ sul­ni angelozTa da wmidaTani.

bnel RmrTisa ars [... . ]baY igi arseb [... ], romeli­igi nebsiT [... ] (Zu)elad [... ... ... . ] melobisa [... ... ... . ]dis missa.

bage mamisa [ars] Ze da suli, romelTa [mier uxi]lavad (zraxavs gulTa) Sina wmidaTasa.

b[eW]T-saSua[l] RmrTisa ars dasasruli [Zuelisa] SjulisaY da dawyebaY axlisaY.

[... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... . . ... ... ... . . ] elva RmrTisa ars moswrafed movlinebaY Zalsa

sakKrvelebaTa da SewevnaTa misTasa, romeli­igi meysa Sina qmniTa ganmanaTlebelca ars da SemaZrwunebelca.

etl RmrTisa arian saydar wodebulni igi Zalni an­gelozTani da yovelni, romelTa zeda ganisuenebs nebaY misi da yovelni, romelTa zena aGuenebs sakKrvelebaTa TKsTa; rameTu TKT bunebiT uxilav ars moqmedi igi sakKr­velebaTaY RmerTi. aramed maT zeda, romelTa zeda gani­

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suenebdes nebaY misi da romelTa mier iqmodes ZalTa da sakKrvelebaTa, viTarca meufe saydarTa zeda mjdomared ixilvebis. da kualad wmidaTa maxarebelTa da mociqul­Taca uwodian etl misa, da maT zeda aRmaRlda qadagebaY saxarebisaY, viTarca etlsa zeda mzis­Tualisasa.

ezod Semwynarebelad RmrTisa mimarT saTnoebaTa saxel­edebis, romelTa moqmedebiTa Sevals kaci uzeSTa­essa mas sazomsa xilvisa RmrTisasa, vidre igi ars saqmi­Ti xedvad.

vecxl gamoPurvebul RmrTisa ars SKd wil ganwme­dilebaY igi sityuaTa misTaY, romelni Guenda sarwmunoe­biT Sewynarebad brZanebul arian. rameTu WeSmaritad ar­Rara ars iWK maT Sina, romelni­igi ufalman ganikuTnnes da gamocadnes ufroYs oqroYsa rGeulisa. da yovelive igi ricxK mcnebaTa GuenTa brZanebulTaY SKd wil uwmides ars vecxlsa mas, romlisaTKs ityKan, viTarmed SKd gzis gandnobiTa brZmedisa xolo da ufroYs Tovlisa ganspe­taknebis.

zraxva uflisa ars ucvalebelobaY da simtkice sasjelTa misTa Tual­uxuaobisaY, romliTa marTalTa adidebs, xolo codvilTa stanjavs. zraxva uflisa or­saxe ars: gina Tu TKT igi ganizraxvides cxorebasa Guen­sa, gina Tu raJams ezraxebodes kacTa piriTa wmidaTa misTaYTa, rameTu gulsa Sina wmidaTa misTasa igi Tavadi zraxavs uxilavad. da kualad Guen Sorisca orni zraxva­ni iqmnebian RmrTisa mimarT: gina Tu wurTiTa sityuaTa misTaYTa, anu Tu sxuaTa mimarT miTxrobiTa samarTalTa misTaYTa, da ufroYsRa samaradisoYTa locviTa da ve­drebiTa misa mimarT, rameTu yovelive, raodeni aRmoiT­qumodis Guen mier saRmrTod da wesierad, _ gina Tu swa­vlaY, gina Tu locvaY, _ yovelsave RmerTi zraxavs Guen Soris. vinaYTgan vervis Pel­ewifebis Tqumad ufali iesu, garna suliTa wmidiTa. rameTu raYmca vicodeT, viTar­igi jer­ars, ara viciT, ara Tu man Tavadman maswaos Guen, romeli­igi meox ars GuenTKs sulTqumiTa miT usityue­liTa.

Tav qristesa ars RmerTi mamaY, romelsa­igi samar­

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Tlad uwodian Tav, viTarca mSobelsa Zisasa da gamoma­vlinebelsa sulisa wmidisasa.

Tav eklesiisa ars qriste, viTarca Tavsa TKssa da­momkidebeli yovlisave asoebisaY, romel ars saxeliTa misiTa wodebuli savsebaY eklesiisaY da simravle erTa morwmuneTaY.

Tual RmrTisa arian romelTad suli [... ] romel­Ta Soris viTarca orTa naTelTa icnobebis RmerTi mamaY gamomavlinebeli naTelTaY. da kualad Tualad RmrTisa iTqumis Zali yovelTa mxedvelobisaY, rameTu igi _ vi­Tarca mxedveli yovelTaY.

Tquma RmrTisa ars ucilebeli igi ganGinebaY msja­vrTa misTa uqcevelobisaY.

Tqumul RmrTisa arian yovelni sityuani RmrTiv­sulierTa wignTani.

isar RmerTisa arian mociqulni misni, xolo isar lesul _ sityuani misni. kualad isar wode­

bul saTnoebiTni moRuawebani, romliTa maradis ganhgu­mers RmerTi simarTliTa usamarTloebasa, siwmidiTa _ ara­wmidebasa, gonierebiTa _ ugunurebasa da sibrZniTa _ umecrebasa.

isar rGeul arian SiSni satanjvelTani. isar mamisa ars Ze da isar Zisa _ wmidani misni. kuerTx RmrTisa ewodebis odesme guemasa, romelsa

moawevs gansaswavlelad ugunurTa, da odesme _ nugeSis­cemasa, romelsa moavlinebs gansaZlierebelad uZlurTa. da kualad, amaT yovelTagan kide kuerTx ewodebis Zelsa saufloYsa juarisasa, romeli miiRo saswaulad mTavro­bisa, gan­raY­vidoda wyobad mTavrobaTa da PelmwifebaTa bnelisaTa.

kar Semyvanebel mamisa mimarT ars Ze mxolod­Sobi­li da igive ars

klde, sityKsaebr mociqulisa. karav RmrTisa ars warmarTebaY mcnebaTa misTaY,

xolo dafarul karvisa _ srulebaY maT Sina. da kualad

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karav RmrTisa ars wmidaY eklesiaY, romeli­ ese saxed ze­cisaTa maT aRSenebul ars.

kuaml RmrTisa ars risxvaY misi, romelsa mihfens usjuloTa zeda, rameTu maradis kuamli risxvisa gamom­saxvel ars da cremlisa TualTagan maGinebel ars.

maRlad moqceva RmrTisa ars yoveli saqme, romli­Ta ganacxados ufskrulTa Sina miuwTomelobisaTa da­faruli RmrTeebaY misi. da kualad TKsagan maRlad moq­cevaY iyo juarad aRslvaY mxolod SobilisaY da kualad usrulesi­re maRlad moqcevaY ars, odes daisxnes mterni misni queSe ferPTa misTa.

marjuene da mklav mamisa da macxovareba misa Ze sa­xel­debul ars.

mTad RmrTisa wmidaY qalwuli mariam wodebul ars. da kualad mTad saxel­edebis odesme ZalTa angelozebr­Ta, da odesme _ sulebsa wmidaTasa,

mTa winaaRmdgom RmrTisa arian ara­wmidani igi Zalni eSmakTani.

msxuerpl RmrTisa ars wmidaY Sesawiravi. da kua­lad msxuerpl ewodebis sulsa Semusrvilsa da gonebasa mdabalsa.

maxlobeloba RmrTisa ars saTnoebaTa mier saqmiT sakuTrebaY da xedvaTa mier gonebisaTa miaxlebaY.

moxedvaY RmrTisaY orTa mizezTaTKs iqmnebis: odes­me zarisa da SeZrwunebisaTKs da odesme _ (w)yalobisa da sitkboebisaTKs.

miqceva misa iTqumis, raJams Guen codviTa GueniTa gare­mivaqcioT da ganviSoroT igi, xolo

moqceva misa, raJams kualad sinanuliT SevrdomiTa wyalobad movaqcioT igi.

maxKl RmrTisa ars mkueTelobaY igi sityKsaY, rom­liTa gKbrZanebs m(ok)ueTad asoYsa macTuneblisa, raYTa ara miTurT davisajneT geheniasa Sina.

mogoneba RmrTisa ars, raJams mraval Jam miSuebi­Ta Seuracxqmnili saqme ganhmarTos da cvalos gina Tu tanjvaY gansuenebad, anu gansunebaY tanjvad.

moslva Zisa ewodebis pirvelsa da ukanaYsknelsa,

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yofilsa da yofadsa [mo]slvasa qristessa, xolo dRiTi­dRedi moslvaY RmrTisaY ars pirad­piradi gangebaY da pyrobaY dabadebulTa saqmisaY.

meufeba RmrTisa ars bunebiTi igi pirvel sauku­neTa flobaY da zogadi erT­mTavrobaY wmidisa samebisaY, xolo

meufeba Zisa ars Semdgomad warmarTTa moqcevisa qmnili igi yovelTa TeslTa zeda gansuenebaY nebisa misi­saY, xolo

meufe ZalTa cisaTa odesme zogad samTaTKsve iT­qumis da odesme TKsagan ZisaTKs da sulisa.

mfrinvel RmrTisa arian sulni zecisasa mzraxval­ni.

mdinare RmrTisa ars qadagebaY saxarebisaY, romel­igi oTxad Tavad ganyofiTa momrwyvel ars queyanisa, raYTa yovliTurT msgavs iyos samoTxiT gamomavlobasa da oTxTa mdinareTasa. da kualad TKsagan gankuTnvil (mdinare) ewodebis madlTa sulisaTa.

mSKld RmrTisa ewodebis S[i]Ssa [t]anjvaTasa, ro­meli­igi gardaecumis awindelsa amas sawuTrosa, xolo swylavs mermesa mas saukunesa.

mcneba RmrTisa ars swavlaY mcnebaTa saxarebisaTaY, romeli friad aRematebis Sjuliersa mas aT­ricxuedsa mwyobrsa (m)cnebaTasa.

naTel saxel­edebis zogad brwyinvaleba/sa mas erT­RmrTeebisasa. da kualad Ze naTel ars mamisa, da egreTve suli naTel gamomavlinebelisa mis naTelTaYsa.

neba mamisa ars Ze, xolo neba Zisa ars cxovrebaY kacTaY. nad[ir] RmrTisa arian wmidani misni, romelni­igi

mTaTa zeda saRmrToTa werilTasa mimoicvalebian da si­maRlesa zeda gulisPmis­yofisasa ZaliTi­Zalad vlenan saqmiTi xedvad da gulisPmis­yofiTi _ saTnoebad.

ufali ZalTaY uflad mPedrobaTa saxel­idebis, raJams gesm[a]s `ufali sabaoT~, rameTu “sabaoT” mPedro­baTad gamoiTargmane[b]is enisagan ebraelTaYs[a]. da kua­lad ufal ZalTa da ufal mtkice ars Ze, romlisa­igi

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brZolani da Zlevani maSin gancxadnes, raJams igi Gueni­Tave amiT bunebiTa ewyo da dasca mbrZoli igi bunebisa GuenisaY.

p(ir) RmrTisa Ze saxel­idebis. amisTKsca xat guamovnebis(a) uwod[ian]. xolo xilva pirsa RmrTisa (ars) mermisa mis saukunoYsa(Y) igi usrulesi cnobaY RmrTisaY, romeli­igi miemadlebis TiT(o)eulsa msgavsad aqaYTve ganwmedilebisa gulTa da gonebaTaYsa.

risxva RmrTisa iTqumis ara kacobrivi saxe vnebu­lebisaY, arca aRduRebiTa sisxlisaYTa qmnili ganZKnebaY mrisxanebisaY, aramed marTl­msajulebiTi igi miPdaY pa­tiJisaY, rameTu ara xolo RmerTi yovelsave Sina uvnebe­li, aramed Porcielnica ese da vnebulni kacni, aRsrulni pativsa mTavrobisa gina msajulebisasa, ara mrisxanebiT swavlian RirsTa maT tanjvisaTa, aramed aRsrulebisaTKs wesTa da SjulTa msoflioTa moaweven patiJsa RirsTa maT zeda patiJisaTa.

rqa cxovrebis uwodian ufalsa Guensa iesu qriste­sa, romlisaTKs zaqaria ityKs: ”aRmidgina Guen rqaY cxo­vrebisaY” . rameTu viTar­igi rqaY Tavisagan aRmoecenebis, egreTve/ qriste TavTa maT mamaT­mTavarTa Teslisagan ganPorcielda. da kualad, rameTu rqaY gamomsaxveli ars meufebisaY, ara xolo amiT, romel rqisaganiTa sacxebe­liTa icxebodes mRvdelni da mefeni, aramed kualad ami­Tca, rameTu viTarca­igi rqaY zeda kerZo Tavisa aRmo­cenebiTa wina­mbrZol da mfarvel ars yovlisa guamisa, egreTve SewevnaY RmrTisaY zeda kerZo yovelTa ganfenil ars da scavs yovelTa asoTa kacad­kacadisa guamebisaTa. rameTu yovelni erT guam da urTierTas asoeb varT da­mokidebiTa Tavisa mis yovelTaYsa qristesiTa, romlisa­gan yoveli guami Senawevrebul da Semtkicebul ars.

sakurTxevel RmrTisa ars ara xolo queyanisaY ese mimsgavsebuli zecisaTa maT, aramed gonebaYca ganwmedi­li yovelTa vnebaTagan.

sacxebel sixarulisa uwodian sulsa wmidasa, romlisa mier ecxo PorcTa qristesTa da ufroYsRa Rmr­Teebaman scxo kacebasa.

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sityua RmrTisa mamisa uwodian Zesa mxolod­So­bilsa, xolo

sul pirisa misisa _ sulsa yovlad wmidasa. rame­Tu amaT saxelTa mier mravalTa adgilTa gKqadagebs wi­naYswarmetyueli daviT sam­guamovnebasa erTarsisa wmi­disa samebisasa, romeli maSin sadme friad da esoden da­farul iyo kacTa naTesavisagan, raoden aw gancxadebul ars mravalTa pirTa mieriTa qadagebiTa.

swavla uflisa ars odesme sityuaY mxilebisaY, da­mayenebeli borotTaY, da odesme tanjvaY wurTilebisaY, momaqceveli ugunurTaY.

saydar RmrTisa arian Zalni angelozebrni da yove­lni sulni, romelTa zeda ganisuenebs nebaY misi.

siav RmrTisa ars wmidaY igi embazi naTlis­Rebi­saY.

siwmide TKT bunebiT saxeli ars RmrTisaY, rome­li­igi ars yovelTa mimcemeli siwmidisaY, da egreTve sa­TnoebaY yovlisave Tana mwyobrisa keTilTa misTaYsa mis mxoloYsa oden TKs da sakuTar ars bunebiT dambadeblisa da mpyrobelisa yovelTaYsa. xolo dabadebulTa yovel­Ta miniWebiT miemadlebis misgan sazomisaebr da moswra­febisa TiToeulisa gulTa da gonebaTaYsa, gina Tu saqme saTnoebisaY, gina Tu saxelis­debaY raYsaca keTilganisaY. amisTKsca man Tavadman Tqua: ”aravin arso saxier, garna mxoloY RmerTi” . vinaYca amiT ganacxada, viTarmed ese­viTarni saxelni moniWebiTa mis mieriTa guewodebian da ara Tu/sakuTrebiTa bunebiTiTa.

slva RmrTisa arian gangebulebani gankacebisa mi­sisani.

samoTxe RmrTisa da sasufevel zecisa arian savaneni saukuneni. sasumel uflisa ars sikudili kacTaY RmrTis­

msaxurebisaTKs. da kualad sasumel ganzavebul ewodebis TqumaTa da aRTqumaTa, SiSsa geheniisasa da survilsa sa­sufevlisasa.

saxel RmrTisa mravali raY povnil ars wmidaTa we­rilTa Sina, xolo sityKsaebr didisa mis RmrTis­metyue­

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lisa, umaxlobeles maT yovelTasa ars arsi da RmerTi, romeli­ese ara sxKsa visgan, aramed TKT mis Tavadisagan eswava winaswarmetyuelTa da mamaTmTavarTa.

sicili RmrTisaY esreT gulisPma­iyofebis, viTarmed igi Tavadi sacinel hyofs eSmaksa, raJams­igi ecinodes ara raYT sxKTa, garna micemiTa samRerelad wmidaTa mi­sTa. amisaTKsca ara Tqua winaswarmetyuelman, viTarmed “ecinoda”, aramed “ecinodiso”. rameTu wmidaTa misTa mier qmnili yoveli TKsad Seuracxies, xolo wmidani ma­Sin ecinian/ RmrTisa mier sacinelad micemulsa mas maT­da, raJams ixilon igi mTxreblsave TKssa STavrdomilad, maxiTa TKsiTa Sepyrobilad da maxKliTave TKsTa gangu­merilad.

smena RmrTisa uwodian, raJams mowyalebiT jer­iGinos umjobesad cvalebaY TxovaTa GuenTaY, rameTu ara­smena misa ese iTqumis, raJams ara sarwmunoebiT viTxovdeT, anu ara umjobessa Guensa viTxovdeT. amisTKs uZlurebaY kacobrivisa sityKsaY smenad uwess aRsrulebasa da ara­smenad saxel­sdebs aRsrulebelobasa TxovaTa GuenTasa.

taZar uflisa ars Sesakrebeli eklesiisa marTma­didebelTaYsaY, anu caY, anu gonebaY wmidaY, anu qalwuli, anu Porcni saufloni, anu guami kacad­kacadisaY, metyue­lisa misebr, romeli guetyKs, viTarmed: “Tquen taZarni RmrTisa cxovelisani xarT sulisa misgan, romeli mkKdr ars Tquen Tana”.

ferP RmrTisa ars Guen mdabalTamde mowevnaY gan­gebulebisa misisaY, romel­igi maRal ars bunebiTiTa miT simaRliTa RmrTeebisa TKsisaYTa, xolo moiwevis Guenisa­mdeca simdablisa kacTmoyuarebiTa wyalobisa TKsisaYTa. amisaTKsca casa saydar misa uwodian, zeSTa aRmatebuli­sa misTKs RmrTeebisa misisa, xolo queyanasa _ kuarcxl­bek, Guen mdabalTamde mowevisaTKs gangebulebaTa misTaY­sa. da kualad ferP misa ars simtkice da SeuryevlobaY saSjelTa misTa uqcevelobisaY, romelTa zeda mtkice ars da arca erTsa ras dautevebs TKnier gangebisa.

frTe RmrTisa arian orni igi aRTqumani Zuelisa da axlisa Sjulisani, romelTa mier gufaravs viTarca

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mfrinveli marTueTa da romelTa Soris igi Tavadi dad­ga dasrulebasa oden Zuelisa Sjulisasa da dawyebasa axlisa madlisasa. da kualad frTe misa arian saTnoebaY da sibrZne, gina Tu saqme da xedvaY.

far RmrTisa iTqumis GueulobiTa kacobrivisa si­tyKsaYTa guls­modginebiT GuenebaY Tana­mbrZolobisaY, xolo mas yovladve far ara ePmarebis, romlisaY mogone­baY oden saqme ars aRsrulebuli da moqmedebaY misi ara odes daecadebis.

quxil RmrTisa sacnaur ars qadagebaY ZeTa maT quxilsaTaY.

qar RmrTisa ars moswrafebiT da maliad saxilvel yofaY moqmedebaTa da SewevnaTa misTaY, romelni­igi ara­wmidebasa soflisasa mtuerebr ganmaqrevel, xolo zr­qelsa mas arm/ursa da gonebaTasa kuamlebr ganmabnevel eqmnebian da bzesa vnebaTasa ganarGeven ifqlisagan saT­noebaTaYsa.

qalaq RmrTisa ewodebis pirmSosa mas eklesiasa ze­cisa ierusalemisasa da kualad

qalaq meufisa didisa ars yovlad wmidaY qalwuli RmrTismSobeli.

qeba RmrTisa ars simravle keTilTa saqmeTa Guen­TaY, romelTa mxedvelni aqeben mamasa Guensa zacaTasa. da kualad mamaY igi Gueni zecaTaY pativ­gucems Guen, raJa­ms viqebodiT mis mier eklesiasa Sina didsa mermisa mis saukunoYsasa da madlobiT aRuarebdeT mas.

qriste cxebulad gamoiTargmanebis, viTar­igi mraval gzis guasmies wmidaTa werilTa Sina; xolo mizezi amis pirisaY reca saZiebel ars, Tu viTar berZulTa saf­salmuneTa Sina mraval gzis moiPsenebis saxeli qristesi, xolo qarTulTa Sina arca erT gzis sada. garna ese amier iswave, rameTu viTar­igi berZenni pativisaTKs ebrael­TaYsa mravalTa sityuaTa iPumeven ebraulTa, egreTve qarTvelTa mravali sityuaY aqus saPmrad ebraulisaganca da berZnulisaganca, vinaYca umecarTa mier ara advilad ganirGevian ucxoni igi sityuani berZnulni ebraulisa­gan. xolo Guen ebraulisaganca maTve sityuaTa Semovi­

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xuamT, romelni berZenTa Semouxaman da kualad berZnu­lisaganca sxuaTa umetesTa sityuaTa, romelTagani erTi ars saxeli qristesi. rameTu ebraelTa TKssa enasa sxuaY saxeli aqus `cxebulisaY~, ese­igi ars `mesia~, xolo ber­Znulad `qriste~ ars nacvalad `cxebulisa~. vinaYca cxad ars, viTarmed pativisaTKs berZenTaYsa vityKT `qristesa~, xolo daviTTa Sina `cxebulsa~ vityKT nacvlad qriste­sa, raYTa umetesad cxad iyos Zali sityuaTaY. da guene­ba, Tumca ara uRono ars Tqumad, viTarmed uflisaTKs da qristes misisaTKs. da kualad winaukmo SesaZlebel ars ieremiaYssaca da mas sityuasa esreT Tqumad, viTar­med: `sul pirisa Guenisa, cxebul ufali~. aramed Guen gKswavies mamaTagan, raYTa odesme `cxebulsa~ vityodiT gancxadebisaTKs sityuaTaYsa da odesme _ `qristesa~ pa­tivisaTKs berZenTaYsa. garna ese mtkiced sacnaur ars, viTarmed oriTave amiT ufali Gueni iesu qriste iqada­gebis cxebulad uflisa.

RmerT RmerTTa ewodebis RmerTsa. ara Tu RmerTi kerpTa, aramed RmerT bunebiT, mies mier RmerT­qmnulTa madliT da jer­GinebiT, romeli­ese ars RmerT­mTavro­ba misa, rameTu RmerTi dadgebis Soris RmerTTaYsa da RmerTi mTavrobs RmerTTa zeda, angelozTa da wmidaTa.

Ruar RmrTisa ewodebis embazsa wmidisa naTlis­Rebisasa, romeli igi ara wyaro ars, arca samaradisod mdinare, aramed qristes mier aRmocenebuli ars. dasru­lebasave Tana sawuTroYsa amis JamTaYsa [igica] daesru­lebis, rameTu romelTa ara aqave naTel­iRon wyliTa, mermesa mas saukunesa cecxliTa naTel­iRon uSretiTa miT da ganunaTlebeliTa da dausrulebeliTa, raJams ma­tli maTi ara daesrulebodis da kuamli codvilTaY ara dasruldebodis, viTarca Tqua qristeman saxarebasa Sina sawinaYswarmetyueloTa wignTagan SemoRebiTa sityKsa sa­wamebelisaYTa.

yur RmrTisa iTqumis araraYsa dafarvaY misgan, xolo moqmedeba yurTa misTa ars Zali igi msmeneli vedrebasa sulisa misda Sevrdomilisasa, Tqmulisa misebr, vaTar­med: `yurni misni locviTa maTTa zeda~. da ese ars

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yurad-RebaY misi, raJams saTno­iGinos aRsrulebaY TxovaTa GeunTaY, romelTa maSin ara yurad­ixuams, raJa­ms anu udbebiT/ viTxovdeT, an Tu ujerod rasme viTxov­deT pirvel Jamisa da TKnier wesisa sargebelisa.

SimSil RmrTisa ars cxovrebaY kacTa naTesavisaY, romlisaTKs maradis Siis da ara odes ganZRebis.

Sueniereba RmrTisa ars taZari igi PorcTaY, romeli pirvel uSuer­qmnil iyo codvisa mier, xolo Semdgomad sam dRe daPsnisa, ganSuenebuli da ganaxlebuli Seimosa igi man, romelman­igi ara sircxKl­iGina pirvel uSuer­qmnilisaY SemosaY misi.

Secvaleba RmrTisa mier ars saRmrToTa xedvaTa ganmravlebaY, romeli marjuenisagan maRlisa Zisa mxo­lod­Sobilisa moemadla naTesavsa ZeTa kacTasa, raYTa dauyenebel iyvnen Svil­yofad RmrTisa.

cnoba RmrTisa iTqumis arsebiT damKdrebaY misi gulsa Sina, xolo ucnaureba misa ars, raJams TKT kacman ucnaur­yos Tavi TKsi misgan daviwyebiTa mcnebaTa misTaYTa.

cxoreba saxel­edemis RmerTsa, viTarca yovelTa mom­cemelsa cxorebisasa, xolo

cecxl _ viTarca ganmlevelsa codvaTa nivTisasa da kualad cecxl ewodebis Sewevnasa sulisa wmidisasa ganyofisa misTKs enaTa cecxlisaTa.

cxoreba marjuenisa RmrTisa ars yovelive gzaY mar­juene, romeli miiyvanebs kacTa cxorebad saukunod. da kualad cxoreba igi saukunoY, romeli momeniWa Guen qristes mier.

Zal RmeTisa ars qriste, RmrTisa Zali da RmrTisa sibrZne.

Zil ewodebis mimyovrebulsa sul­grZelebasa RmrTi­sasa, romlisagan ganRKZebad evedrebian winaswarmetyvel­ni, raYTa iwyos Suris­gebad da Sjad. da kualad Zil iyo dayovnebaY moslvisa uflisaY, romlisagan ganRKZeba iqmna ganPorcielebaY misi. da kualad Zil iyo navsa/ Sina mZina­rebaY igi misi, romlisagan ganaRKZebdes mowafeni Semdgo­mad aRtexisa qarTaYsa, da Guen guaswavebdes, raYTa, ra­Jams vixiloT suli Gueni aRSfoTebulad mZafrTa maTgan

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gulis­sityuaTa risxvisa anu Tu mowyinebisaTa, siZvisa anu nayrovnebisaTa, cudad mzuaobrobisa anu amparta­vanebisaTa, aRvadgendeT wina­mbrZolad misa siyuarulsa da simarTlesa, siwmidesa da marxvasa, simdablesa da si­brZnesa mecnierebiTurT.

warmarTeba RmrTisa ars, raJams kacni ganswavlnes man umjobesisa mimarT, rameTu keTilni Guenni yovelive Ta­visa TKsisad Seuracxian mas mxolosa, romeli­igi yovliT kerZo eZiebs cxovrebasa Guensa.

wameba uflisa saxel­edebis sityuaTa da brZanebaTa misTa, romliTa uGuenebs kacTa keTilTa maT, romelni mieniWebian moqmedTa keTilisaTa da wina­uwamebs da ga­nakrZalebs ara­STavrdomad satanjvelTa maT, romelni mielian yovelTa midevnebulTa siborotisaTa.

wrfel ewodebis RmerTsa ara xolo amisTKs, romel martiv da Seuzavebel ars borotTagan bunebaY misi, aramed amisTKsca, rameTu yovelsave marTliad da si­wrfoebiT ganagebs, ese­igi ars, rameTu arca codvilTa moiZagebs, moiqcen Tu codvisagan, aramed ganuxuams maT bWeTa sinanulisaTa; da kualad marTalTa, Semsgavsebu­lad sazomTa TiToeulisa simarTlisaTa, ganuyofs Sewe­vnaTa madlisaTa, da ufroYsRa marTlmsajulebasa TKssa ganhzavebs wyalobiTa da kacT­moyuarebiTa TKsiTa; xolo siwrfoeba sityuaTa uflisaTa ars simarTle ganGinebaTa da mSjavrTa misTaY.

wmida RmrTisa mamisa ewodebis mxolod­Sobilsa Zesa missa, romlisa mier etyoda RmerTi kacTa da gamouc­xadebda saidumloTa TKsTa dafarulobasa, rameTu mis mier moeRo mcnebaY yovlisaTKsve, rasa­igi ityoda da ra­odensa qadagebda.

Wur RmrTisa iTqumis GveulebiTa sityKsaYTa kaco­briv PumevaY jaWu­WurisaY, romeli RmrTisa arad saPmar ars, aramed jaWu­Wur misa ars ubrZolelobaY igi Zalisa misisaY.

WeSmaritebaY bunebiT saxeli ars RmrTisaY, romeli­igi ars mxoloY utyuveli WeSmaritebaY, romelsa TKT Tavadi wamebs Tavisa TKsaTKs, viTarmed: `me var gzaY da

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WeSmaritebaY da cxovrebaY. ~xedva RmrTisa ars aqaY ese sarkis­saxe ganwmedaY gone­

baTaY, romlisa mier zogs­re da kerZod aqave miemadle­bis TiToeulsa gancdaY Zalisa gange/bulebaTa misTaYsa. xolo usrulesi igi xedvaY mermisa mis saukunoYsaY damar­xul ars da, msgavsad aqaYTve ganwmedilebisa gonebaTaYsa, TiToeulisada miniWebad aRTqumiT qadagebul ars wmida­Ta werilTa mier.

Pel RmrTisa arian orni igini srulmyofelni sam­gua­movnebisa misisani: Ze da suli, romelTa mimarT Tqua, viTarmed: ̀ vqmneT kaci xatad da msgavsad Guenda~. da kua­lad Pel ars zogad samTaYve igi Zali yovelTa dambade­blobisaY.

Pma uflisa ars ara ganmkueTeli raYme, gina momwyl­veli haerisaY, aramed Zali igi misi uxilavad metyueli, romeli zraxavs gonebasa Sina wmidaTasa. da kualad Pma RmrTisa ewodebis yovelsave Pmasa dabadebulTasa, an­gelozTasa, gina kacTa/ wmidaTasa, winaYswarmetyuelTa gina mociqulTasa, rameTu viTar­igi Tavadi uxilavad zraxavs gonebaTa maTTa, egreTve maTiTa miT orRanod PumeviTa yovelTave Soris metyuelebs da ganacxadebs dafaruleba(s)a saidumloTa TKsTasa. rameTu ara xolo sityKrni da gonierni, aramed usulonica da uZravni, ese­igi arian: cani uTxroben didebasa missa da queyanaY qada­gebs Semoqmedebasa missa. da esreT romlisaganca sulie­risa gina usuloYsa dumiliT, gina metyuelebiT RmerTi iqadagebodis. yovelive Pmad RmrTisa saxel­idebis da Seiracxebis.

jdomaY RmrTisaY saxis­metyuelebiT iTqumis, da gan­martebiT gulisPmis­sayofelad uRono ars, rameTu igi Tavadi gare­Seuwerel ars: arca zis, arca dgas, arca vals, aramed yovelive aRuvsies da Seucavs, da igi mxo­loY araraYsagan Secvul ars, aramed pirad­piradad Secva­lebisaTKs gangebulebaTa misTaYsa kacobriv mopovnebul iqmnebian sityuani ese. amisTKsca jdoma saxel­edebis Seuryevelobasa mSjavrTa da gankiTxvaTa misTasa.

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aha esera gaqus, swavlis­moyuareo, daRacaTu ara srulebiTi, aramed zogebiTi raYme gulisPmis­yofaY sit­yuaTaY, romelni RmrTisaTKs Porcielad iTqumian da su­lierad gulis Pma­iyofebian.

amas Tana amasca mecnier iyav, viTarmed esreT aqus GuelebaY wignebsa berZenTasa, raYTa anbansa zeda ganaw­yobden yovelTave sityuaTa gamosaZiebelTa da RrmaTa, raYTa advil iyvnen sapovnelad. da wignsa mas `leqsikon~ uwoden, romel ars leqsTaY, ese­igi ars RrmaTa sityua­TaY. da TiToeulsa wignsa _ gareSeTa gina saeklesioTa­gansa _ yovelive RrmaY da gamosaZiebeli sityuaY anbanTa zeda / ganwyobili da Sekrebuli Tavad da Sesavalad wi­gnisa uweria, ukueTu oden gamomeZiebel da gulisPmis­myofel yofil iyos momgebeli wignisaY, romelTa kualsa SedgomiTa knini ese saxe Guenca giGueneT Tquen.

amiT saxiTa ganwyobil arian sityKs­gebani mwvalebel­Tani wmidaTa mamaTa da mnaTobTa maTgan yovlisa sofli­saTaY basili kesarielisa da grigoli RimrTismetyuelisa da ioane damaskelisa, raYTa raJams arsebisaTKs sityua­gigebden wina­aRmdgomni, myis anisagan sityua­ugo, xolo bunebisaTKs _ banisagan da guamisaTKs ­ganisagan. da es­reT advil iyos saPmarebelad Jamsa Wirisasa anbansa zeda ganwyobili igi wignebi wmidaTaY.

amiTve saxiTa aRuwerian TKsni leqsikonni Rrma/Ta si­tyuaTaTKs berZulTa kostantine mefesa porfKrogenitsa da didsa kKriles aleqsandrielsa, raYTa raJams eZiebdes umecari, Tu rY ars myisi anu mrGobli, mansa Sina ganu­marton, viTarmed mrGobl ewodebis orkecsa, xolo myis _ anazdaYTsa. da ese aqamomde iyavn.

xolo, raYTa eseca cxad iyos, swavlisaebr wmidaTa werilTaYsa, viTarmed TKs ars winaYswarmetyuelisa ara xolo yofadTa saqmeTaTKs winaYswarmetyuelebaY, aramed mis JamisaTa da gardasrulTaca saqmeTa warmoTqumaY, viTar­igi RmrTis­mxilvelman mose iwyo sityuad RmrTi­vswavlulsa mas misda dasabamsa soflis Sesaqmisasa da moiyvana sityua TKsi mis Jamisasa mas Tana faraoYs mZla­vrebasa da Seudgina gamoslva ZeTa israelisaTa moklebi­

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TurT PorcisaYT da mocemiT mananaYsaYT; mieriTgan iwyo moswavebad yofadTa, moslvasa meufisa qristessa da gan­Tesvasa huriaTasa da cxorebasa warmarTTasa.

egreTve hyofs RmrTiv­aRZrulica ese qnari sityua­Ta daviTisTaY: yofadTaTKs winaYswarmetyuelebs da gar­dasrulTa qvelis­moqmedebaTa RmrTisaTa moiPsenebs; mis JamisaTa maT warmoityKs da Semdgomad mravalTa JamTa aRsrulebadsa, viTarca aRsrulebulsa warmoaGinebs. ara xolo winaYswarmetyuelebiTTa sityuaTa iPumevs, ara­med moZRurebiTTaca da swavliTTaca, SjulisdebiTTa da mcnebiTTa. odesme huriaTasa eglovs gangdebuleba­sa da odesme warmarTTasa ixarebs mowodebasa mraval­moqcevobiTa winaYswarmetyuelebisaYTa, msmenelTa gulsa gulisPmisyofad ganakrZalebs da vnebaTa da aRdgomisa qristesisa moswavebiTa wina­aRmdgomTa zraxvasa ganaqar­vebs.

da amas yovelsa Tana saxarulevan da tkbil eqmne­bis yovelTa muPledad iambikod SemoklebiTa sityKsaYTa, rameTu umravlesTa fsalmunTa ricxuedobaY da marcu­ledobaY cxad ars safsalmuneTa Sina ebraelTasa, da­RacaTu sxuaTa enaTa Sina ver daucavs TargmanTa ricxK marculisaY, romlisaTKsca guasmies ubadrukisa apolina­risTKs, viTarmed berZulad eseviTariTa sityKTa aRwera daviTi, romel Zali ara daSTeboda, arca kualad ganiyo­feboda sxuaTa daviTTa Zalisagan. da iambikod Tormet marculedobaY yovlisa muPlisaY arca aRemateboda, arca daakldeboda. garna misi igi samWeduri masve ganewona, raJams sityuaTa misTa Txzulebasa PelovnebaY sityua­Ta wmidisa grigoli RmrTismetyuelisaTaY damarRuevel eqmna da romliTa­igi erTa moinadirebda, umravlesni TK­sTa mimdgomTaganni GuenTa amaT erTa SeaerTna. rameTu ara Tumca mas ewyo pirvelad Txzvad sxuaTa, daSWirde­boda eklesiasa gKrgKni igi mraval­Tualovani sityuaTa didisa RmrTis­metyuelisaTaY, rameTu ara aqunda Gueu­lebaY metsa da mraval­Pelovansa rasme sityua­mWevro­basa Seslvad ezoTa uflisaTa. xolo, vinaYTgan SeeSina winamZRuarTa eklesiisaTa, nuukue metnobaY (sityua)Ta

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umetesobad qadagebisa winaaRmdgomTaYsa Se(e)racxos da miizidnes mravalni, amisTKsca qnari igi sulisa wmidisY _ ena didisa mis RmrTis­metyuelisaY _ yves damPsnel yo­vlisave Pelovnebisa sityuaTaYsa.

esreT ukue jerovnad ganguecxadebis ricxuedobaY romelTame fsalmunTa daviTisTaY maTgan, romelni zeda­miwevniT mecnier arian enasa ebraelTasa.

jer­ars ukue, raYTa uwyodiT eseca, viTarmed, da­RacaTu mravalni icilobebian wignisaTKs fsalmunTaYsa, viTarmed ara yovelni daviTisnia. aramed umravlesni da Guenni yovelni erT­Pma arian, viTarmed yovelnive daviTis mier Tqumul arian. daRacaTu romelime sxu­aTa vieTme pirsa zeda aRuwerian da TKsTa mgalobelT­mTavarTada miucemian, aramed sityuaY yoveli misi ars asormeocdaaTTave fsalmunTaY da zeda­warwerilnica yovelni misni arian da sxuaTagan mopovnebulni, viTar­igi Tqumul ars vieTganme.

da kualad diafsalmaY misive ars da orTa pirTa gulisPma­gKyofs: anu cvalebasa sityuaTa Zalisasa, anu qcevasa kiloYsa sagalobelisasa. rameTu mravalni mwyo­brni mgalobelni daedginnes winaYswarmetyuelsa daviTs aRsaSenebelad erisa, romelni­igi mraval­saxeTa PmaTa qceviTa sawadel kacTa hyofdes mraval­moqcevsa mas siP­Sosa sawinaYswarmetyueloTa sityuaTasa.

xolo winaukmod ganwyobisa da ukuanaYsknelTa pirve­lad da pirvelTa fsalmunTa ukuanaYsknelad dawesebisa mizezi cxad ars, viTarmed adgil­adgil Tqumulni erTad Sekrebul arian da ara msgavsad Tqumulebisa wesTa miu­Ries ricxK pirvelobisa da ukuanaYsknelobisaY, aramed romelica pirvel povnil ars, pirvel [dawesebul ars]; da romeli [Semdgomad] povnil ars, igica Semdgomad dawes[e]bul ars. da amiTve wesiTa srul iqmnebis ricxK asergasis­Ta fsalmunTaY, romelni­igi huriaTa Soris xuT wignad ganiyofebian. xolo ganiyofebian esreT: pirveliT fsal­muniTgani vidre meormocedmde _ erT wignad; da mieriT­gani vidre sameocdameaTerTumetedmde _ meored; da mieriTgan vidre oTxmeocdamervedmde _ mesamed wignad;

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da mieriTgani asdamexuTedmde _ meoTxed; da mieriTgani asormocda meaTedmde _ mexuTed wignad. xolo berZenTa da qarTvelTaY wigni fsalmunTaY yovelive swor ars da erT wign SewevniTa RmrTisaYTa da moswrafed moRuawe­biTa didisa mis mnaTobisa giorgi mTawmidelisaYTa, vi­naYca misiTave locviTa da madliTa berisa GuenisaYTa yovelsave amas daviTisa Targmansa Sina arca erTsa mu­Plsa sada ePmara cvalebaY, aramed misive Targmnili mu­Pli davwereT mis mieriTa oxiTa ganmPnobilTa. romlisaY iyavn saukunoY netarebaY da PsenebaY misi! amin. Q 37,1r-7v;

Jer.1,1r-6r

`fsalmunTa Targmanebis~ anderZi

didebaY da pativi, TayuaniscemaY da madli samguamo­vnebiT cnobilsa da erTarsebiT aRsarebulssa wmidasa samebasa, romelman jer­iGina meoxebiTa wmidisa RmrTism­Sobelisa da yovelTa wmidaTa misTaYTa da locviTa wmi­daTa mamaTa GuenTa efTKmesiTa da giorgisiTa, Tanadgo­miTa da ufroYsRa oxiTa da winaZRomiTa berisa Guenisa saba sulaYsZisa TuxarselisaYTa, ganzogebaY wignisa amis, romelsa uwodian Targmanni daviTisani, anu Tu Targmani daviTisaY. pirveli igi _ simravlisaTKs mTargmnelTaYsa, xolo meore _ erTguamobisaTKs da urTierTas Senawevre­bisa patiosanTa maT asoTa misive da erTisa Tavsakiduri­sa qristesda damokidebulTaYsa. muPlni ukue daviTisani pirvel Targmnilisagan dedisa egreTve davwereniT, viTa vpoeT axal TargmnilTa daviTTa saukunod moPsenebulisa giorgi mTawmidelisaYTa, romeli­igi unaklulod Targm­nil iyo pirvel Guensa da arca moqene ganmarTebisa. xolo Targmani muPlTaY yoveli axlad iTargmna berZulisagan, viTarca yovelive geuwyos Sesavalsa wignisasa.

gevedrebi yovelTa, romelni miemTxKneT wmidasa amas wignsa, locva­yavT zemoPsenebulisa mamisa sabaYsTKs be­risa, efrem uSkelisaTKs, moZRuarTa, mSobelTa, ZmaTa da SvilTa maTTaTKs, rameTu maTiTa winaZRomiTa da saWeTm­pyrobelobiTa da ufroYsRa saPmriTa da warsagebeli­

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Ta qmnil ars yovelive keTili Guen zeda RmrTisa mier, romelman Zuel odesme karaulica balaamisi aRatyua, romlisasa araraYT unaklulevanes ars aRtyuebaY piru­tyuT saxesa amas gonebas Gem mcirisa da undoYsa efremis­sa, romelman ese vTargmne berZenTa enisagan qarTvelTa enad da moqene var RmrTisa wmidiTa locviTa TqueniTa aPocad bralTa da cTomilebaTa GemTa.

daiwera wmidaY ese wigni Savsa mTasa sanaxebsa wmidi­sa sKmeonissa, monastersa mamisa ezraYssa, PeliTa iovane xucisa mTavaraYsZisaYTa. ufalman miecin sasyideli gul­smodgined werisaY da locviTa Tquen RmrTismoyuareTa mkiTxvelTaY, qronikoni iyo t .

ufalo RmerTo, Seiwyalen da adiden sasufevelsa Sina wmidani mamani, mnaTobni Guenni: antoni tbeli da kKrike aleqsandrieli, romelni sityKT da saqmiT Zal­mwe meyvnes TargmanTa amis wignisasa da kurTxeviTa maTiTa acxovnen yovelni Zmani ezraYs monastrisani gardacvale­bulni. Q 37, 316 v.

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zanduki da Sesavali wignisa amis, romelsa ewodebis gar-damocemaY, Tqumuli wmidisa mamisa Guenisa ioane dam-

askelisa19

ese ergasisni Tavni ricxuedni maT Tana narTauliT TavebiTurT gareSeTa wignTa da safilasofosoYsa swav­lulebisaganni arian, romelTaY daRacaTu saWiro iyo datevnaY enasa Guensa, vinaYTgan sxuaY araraY odes Targ­mnila safilosofosoTa wignTagani, _ aramed me daWrasa da ganbZarvasa wignisasa mciredi Wiri virGie da Tquenca amasve gevedrebi, mkiTxvelTa da gardamwerelTa, raY­Ta ara dauteoT amaTi daweraY reca siRrmisaTKs uPmar sagonebelobisaTKs.

vaqeb wessa sawinaYswarmetyueloTa wignTa mTarg­mnelisas, romelTagani mciredi raY gaigonebis uswav­lelTa, ginaTu zogs­re swavlulTa mier, garna sityuaY sityKsa nacvali Sedarebulia berZulisa da egreTve me, daRacaTu umravlesi amaT TavTagani jereT ver gamig­onebia, aramed wyalobiTa RmrTisaYTa da momadlebiTa saufloYsa da cxovels­myofelisa saflavisaYTa, sityuaY Sedarebuli berZulisa da marTebiTi ara akls.

xolo Zalsa sityKsasa gulisPmis­yofaY ese zogad yo­velTa RmrTisagan viTxooT da Seuorgulebelmca varT, rameTu moviRoTca, ukueTu oden mouwyinebelad vrek­deT zedaYszeda kiTxviTa da ueWuelad gangueRos kari

19 iwyeba `dialeqtikis~ zandukiT(1r).~ wyaro codnisas~ Sesavalic da an­derZic ramdenjermea gamoqveynebuli. maTi pirveli publikacia T. Jordanias ekuTvnis (T. Jordania, qronikebi da sxva masala sa­qarTvelos istoriisa da mwerlobisa, Sekrebili, qronologiu­rad dawyobili da axsnili T. Jordanias mier, wigni I, tf., 1892, gv. 215­219. meore gamocema, Tb., 2004. ix. agreTve: e. TayaiSvili, 1902, gv. 710­717; s. gorgaZe, 1926, gv. 182­192; A fondis xelnawer­Ta aRwerilobis I tomi, Tb., 1973; ioane damaskeli, dialeqtika, qarTuli Targmanebis teqsti gamosca, gamokvleva da leqsikoni daurTo maia rafavam, Tb., 1976, gv. 66­70; wm. ioane damaskeli, mar­Tlmadidebluri sarwmunoebis zedmiwevniTi gadmocema, ori Zveli qarTuli Targmani gamosacemad moamzades r. mimonoSvilma da m. rafavam, winasityvaoba da SeniSvnebi daurTo m. rafavam. berZnu­lidan Tanamedrove enaze Targmna, Sesavali da SeniSvnebi daurTo e. WeliZem, Tb., 2000gv. 23­25.

­ 201 ­

gulisPmis­yofisaY da daRacaTu yovelive ver gulisPma­vyoT, garna ese xolo same uwyodiT, viTarmed eseviTari ars safilasofosoY swavlaY, romeli­igi aqaca saWirod saPmarad SemouRebies wmidasa ioane damaskelsa, raYTa amaT mier winaaRudgebodian Svilni eklesiisani gareSeTa maT filosofosTa da maTiTave isriTa ganhgumerden maT, rameTu TKnier amaT sityuaTasa, sxuebr SeuZlebel ars sityKs­gebaY winaaRmdgomTaY. sityua­gKgebdes raY gare­Seni igi ganukueTelisaTKs, romel ars guami, da buneb-isaTKs, romlisaTKsca jerovnad mouxuman ese wmidasa ioane damaskelsa da amaTiTa eklovnebiTa mouzRudavs venaPisa amis TKsisa nayofTa SuenierebaY. xolo uwinares raY venaPisa SevidodeT da tevnebisa madlTaYsa ganxilvaY guwadodis, ese winaYswar geuwyos zandukisa amis mier, raYTa romlisa pirisaTKs gKxmdes, maliad movisTuloT

sitkboeba Y. 20

aha, esera, gqonan asni Tavni saeklesioni orme­ocdaaTTa TavTa mier safilosofosoTa gareSezRud­vilni, da arca eseni srul arian umaTod, arca igini _ uamaTod. vinaYca vikadreb da vityK, romelsa Zali misces RmerTman amaTda gardawerad, ese daimarxen, raYTa uku­eTu mokle `winamZRuari~ uGndes, wmidisa mamisa efKmes mier Targmanebuli, igi Seitkbos, rameTu mas madliTa sulisa wmidisaYTa Pel­ewifeboda SematebaYca da dakle­baYca. xolo Tu axali ese swaddes gardawerad, mas amas Tana nu gahrevs, nuca amas _ mas Tana, aramed ukueTu amas daiwerdes, ese iRuawen, raYTa araraY daaklos, ara xolo asormeocdaaTTa amaT TavTagani pirveliT ebistol­iTurT, aramed arcaRa Gemi ese kadrebuli da mozraxuli. ara xolo Sesavalsa amas vityK, aramed kidesa warwerilTa TargmanTaca, romelTagani romelnime zepiriT daweril­nia da romelnime _ dedisagan. da zepirobisa mizezi ese ars, vinaYTgan yovelsa Targmansa uPms SematebaY sityKsaY reca ganmacxadebelad Zalisa. xolo me, viTarca yovelTa unarGevessa, mizezi igi da Semdgomad RmrTisa momcemeli igi Gemda TargmnobisaY beri Gueni amas mibrZanebdis, raY­

20 Sesavlis am nawilSi GarTulia `gardamocemis~ zanduki (1v-2v),

­ 202 ­

Ta wmidisa sityuaY martivad da Seuzavebelad da Seux­ebelad vsTargmno da ukueTu raYme Zalisa ganmacxadebe­li uPmdes Guensa enasa, igi kidesa zeda adgil­adgil da Sesavalsa Sina Tavsa wignisas davwero. amisTKsca yovlad ujero ars visganme kidesa warwerilisa mis TargmnisaY Sigan gareviT daweraY, aramed kidesa warweraY, viTarca viswaveT Guen ese oTxasocTa maTgan wignTa Teodore pa­triarqisa mier sKmeonwmidas SewirulTa, romelTa Sina araraY hrTavs sagalobeli, TKnier yovelnive sakiTxavni arian _ gareSeni da saeklesioni. da saWiroYsa sityKsa Targmani pativTa zeda wignisaTa uweria, xolo `Seiswave­ni~ da `gansazRvrebaY~ `ganGinebiTurT~ da `samecnieroY ese~ ara oden amas wignsa, aramed yovelsave wignTa ber­ZulTa uwerian kidesa, raYTa raJams samecnierosa rasme sityuasa eZiebdes vinme, advilad povos da ara uPmdes mimyovrebuli Jami, anu yovlisave gardakiTxvaY. xolo `gansazRvrebasa~ da `ganGinebasa~ igive da erTi Zali aqus da ̀ gansazRvrebisa~ Targmani TKT wina gepoebis safilos­ofosoTa TavTa Sina meaTequsmeted Tavad.

kualad eseca sacnaur iyavn, viTarmed ara jer­ars, raYTa sxKsa visganme Sekazmulad vhgonebdeT wignsa amas, viTar­igi guasmies sKmeon loRoTetisa da sxuaTa mier berZenTagan kazmvaY wignebisaY, garna uwyiTmca, Tu romelTa wignTa egebis kazmvaY, anu romelTaY uRonoY ars, rameTu ipoos Tu cxorebaY, anu wamebaY, anu raYca raY hambavi, gina moTxrobaY sofluriTa da uSueriTa sityKTa aRwerili, mas sityKT ganaSueneben, gargahkazm­ven da `metafras~ uwoden, romel ars `gardakazmuli~. da amasca maSin hyofen, odes aRmwereli hambavisaY mis litoni kaci iyos da ara wmidaTagani, viTar­igi umrav­lesTa wmidaTa wamebani TanadaxudomilTa monaTa vieT­ganme aRweril iyvnes, mas Sehkazmven eseviTariTa sit­yKTa, romeli masve pirsa ityodes da ara Sehmatebdes, arca daaklebdes saqmeTa. xolo wmidaTa Tqumulsa da marTlmadidebelTa mamaTa aRwerilsa vervin ikadrebs Sexebad, viTarca wmidasa saxarebaTa da epistoleTa pav­le mociqulisaTa, raodenTa litonisa sityKTa aRweril

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iyos, berZenTa da marTlmadidebelTagani veravin Seexe­bis, araTu vinme iyos sulel, ufroYsRa mwvalebel da ganvrdomil eklesiisagan.

amas yovelTa Tana eseca sacnaur iyavn, viTarmed `winamZRuari~ saxelad wmidisa anastasi sinelis Tqumul­TaTvis minaxavs berZenTa Sina, xolo amis wignisaTvis _ arasada, TKnier qarTulisa. amisTKsca esreT jer­uGnd­in siwmidesa Tquensa, raYTa viTar­igi zedawarwerilsa amassa Sina iTqumis, `gardamocema~ uwoddeT wignsa amas, romeli­igi berZulsa Sina esreTve ars da `winamZRuar~ masve wmidisa mamisa efTKmes Targmnilsa saxel­edeboden, rameTu TKT igi amisganve ars. xolo ese ara uwyi, Tu TKT mamasa efTKmis gamoukrebia, anu berZulad esreT upovnia, rameTu sxuani wignni gamokrebulni, viTar­igi ars `mar­galiti~ da `yuavil­krebuli~ da sxuani msgavsni maTni, berZulad egreTve gamokrebulni arian.

amas yovelsa Tana mravalJam ugulebel­qmnilsaca brZanebasa awRa aRsrulebisaTKs Tavs­ideviT da momite­veT mcired gangrZobaY sityKsaY, rameTu vidreRa­igi jereT Guen Tana iyi netari igi da yovlad rGeuli moRu­aweTa Soris beri ioane farakneli, romelman mowled gam­oikiTxa Gemgan da mibrZana amaT pirTaTKs: vinaYTgan pir­velTa maT TargmanTa araraY eRuawa wertiliTa gakueTi­saTKs sakiTxavTaYsa, amisTKsca zepiriT uPmda gakueTaY yovelTa saxelovanTa mkiTxvelTa. xolo berZulad ara esreT ars, aramed esoden misandobel ars wignebi maTi marTlad gakueTilobisaTKs, viTar Gueni sagalibeli, romeli didisa mis mnaTobisa giorgi mTawmidelisagan Targmnil ars.

amisTKsca me Zalisaebr Gemisa ara ugulebels miqm­nies, aramed yovelive Gem mir Targmnili wigni erT­werti­lad da or­wertilad, sam­wertilad da equs­wertilad gamikueTia: erT­wertili ukue mcired sasuenad, or­wer­tili _ gasakueTelad sityKsa da sam­wertili _ didad sasuenad da equs­wertili _ sruliad dasaboloeblad da axlad dasawyebelad sityKsa. ars iSKT, romel ara dasa­boloebelad zis equs­wertili, aramed Pmis saqcevelad

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oden, romeli­ese metafrasTa Sina ufro ipoebis, raJams mowame msajulisa mimarT metyulebdes da myis RmrTi­sa mimarT cualos metyuelebaY, eseviTarsa mas adgilsa equsi wertili uzis, ara raYTa daaboloos, aramed raYTa PmaY iqcios mkiTxvelman.

aw ukue adre gamokiTxuli keTilisa mis gulisPmis­myofelisagan da Gem mier misda Txrobilsa aqa daw­erad brZanebuli awRa viiZule dawerad, rameTu ufroYs yovlisasa sarwmunoebisa da RmrTismetyuelebisaTKs TqumulTa wignTa Sina saPmar ars krZalvaY mkiTxvelisa­gan da mwerlisa da msmenlisa.

gevedrebi ukue, raYTa wertili SeikrZaloT da me yo­velove cTomilebaY momitioT da locva­hyoT pirvel­moPsenebulTa maT mamaTa: berisa sabaYsTKs, romeli iyo Semdgomad RmrTisa mizezi da momcemeli Gemda Targmno­bisaY da mRdelisa gabrielisaTKs, romlisa brZanebiTa da locKTa mosca RmerTman wmidaY ese wigni naTesavsa Guensa; amaT yovelTa Tana me SemiwyaloT usasyidloT da iTxoveT RmrTisagan motevebaY uricxuTa borotTa GemTa da Tquen­camca gipovnies wyalobaY dResa mas sasjelisasa mraval­mowyalisa RmrTisagan, romlisaY ars didebaY da simtkice da Zali aw da yovelTa saukuneTa ukunisamde, amin. A24, 1r-4v; S 1358,8r-11r; A406,1v-7v

ioane damaskelis `gardamocemis~ anderZi21

locva yavT, qristes­moyuareno, gabrielisTKs, romlisa brZanebiTa iTargmna wmidaY ese wigni da keTil­Ta moRuaweTa GemTa da ganmaZlierebelTa, amas Tana mzr­delTaca da msaxurTa: arseni iyalToelisa, iovane da io­vane xucesTa, stefanesTKs diakonisa da ufroYs yovelTa Gem sawyalibelisa, reca Targmanisa efrem mcirisaTKs, romelsa didTa kaTolikeTa marxvaTa codvaTa TKsTa glovaY da qristianeTaca saeroni Jamni ugulebels­meqm­

21 daculia erTaderT xelnawerSi A24 (137v). gamoqveynebulia A fondis xelnawerTa aRwrilobis I tomSi, Tb., 1973, ix. agreTve, ioane damaskeli, dialeqtika, qarTuli Targmanebis teqsti gamosca, gamokvleva da leqsiko­ni daurTo maia rafavam, Tb., 1976, m. rafava, 1976, gv. 47.

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nnes SiSiTa amisisa ver gasrulebisaTa, romeli srul­yo RmerTman locviTa zemoPsenebulTa amaT mamaTaYTa, amen. A 24, 137v.

`samociqulos Targmanebis~ kolofonebi

a)`samociqulos Targmanebis~ winasityvaoba22

`ese sacnaur iyavn yovelTa, romelni miemTxKneT wmi­dasa amas wignsa, viTarmed, viTarca igi daviTisa Targman­Ta Sina, egreTve yovelsa amas samociqulosa wignsa Sina Zalisaebri mowfobaY damicavs didisa mis moZRurisa da yovelTa eklesiaTa GuenTa mnaTobisa giorgi mTawmideli­sa saukunod moPsenebulisaY, me, undosa mtuersa wmidaTa ferPTa maTTasa efrems mciresa, rameTu maTive Targm­nili saqme mociqulTaY, kaTolikeni da ebistoleni wina mesxnian da samociquloY sityuaY mier damiweria, raYTa ara meored Targmnilad Seiracxos wigni samociquloY. xolo vinaYTgan berZenTa enaY ufskrul Rrma ars da igive da erTi sityuaY mravalsa pirsa aRiarebs, da upiratesad yovelsa mas adgilsa zedamiwevniT gamoikvlevs wmidaY io­ane oqropiri da gancxadebulad ueWuel hyofs viTareba­sa missa, amaT eseviTarTa RrmaTa adgilTa, sadaca uPmda SecvalebaY da sxuebr cvalebaY sityuasa samociqulosa qarTulsa, romeli maSinRa ZliT gulisPma­iyofebodis, odes samni gina oTxni Targmanni pavlisani da egodenni­ve leqsikonni, romel arian RrmaTa wignurTa sityuaTa anbansa zeda ganwyobili sityuani, erTgan Semovkribni, maSinRa ZliT moupoY qarTuli Semsgavsebuli sityuaY. da eseviTarni sityuani sadaca Semicvalebian, kidesa sti­qonisasa iotaY damisuams, da Sina sityuasa winaYT ese, viTarmed "usakuTres ars eseT" aw ukue, sadaca kidesa

22 “samociqulos Targmanebis~ anderZ­winasityvaoba sam xelnawerSia daculi: Jer.16(2r-3v), fragmentulad A677(244v-245v) da Q 1158(102r-v). gamocemulia ramdenjerme: r. bleiki, 1926, gv. 160­166; saqm. moci­qul., 1950, gv. 029­031; n. mari, 1955, gv. 55­62; e. koWlamazaSvili, 2003, gv327­331.

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stiqonisasa anu sityuasa zeda iotaY hpoo da sityuasa Tana `usakuTresi~, can, viTarmed mcired cvalebaY hnebe­bia mas sityuasa, romel­igi wmidasa mamasa Guensa giorgis ara egoden sxKsa raYsme mizezisagan, raoden Zuelisave pavlis wayolisagan dautevebia; rameTu pirvelni daviT­nica, romel axlad eTargmnes, mravali sityuaY Zuelisa Gueulebisada mieyvana, vidremdis ukanaYsknel didisa mis moRuawisa giorgi dayudebulisa iZulebiT brZanebiTa kualad usrulesad da uwmidesad eTargmnnes. amiT mize­ziTa vhgoneb samociquloYsaca amis wignisasa, viTarmed romeli mravalsa pirsa aRiarebda, igi Zuelisave Targm­nilisada miuyvanebia. da meca egreTve samociquloY si­tyuaY viTa maT eTargmna, egreT damiweria pirvel, raYTa mowfobaY misi srul vyo. xolo sada Targmani sityKsaY maiZulebda iSKT cvalebasa sityKsasa, igi Targmansa Sina iotaYTa da usakuTresiTa aRminiSnavs yovelsa adgilsa.

da amiT saxiTa Zalisaebr gankrZalul var, raYTa ara sityKsa sxueobrobaman Secvaleba­mces Targmanisca da da­guaWirvos marTl ganmartebuli sityuaY wmidaTa maTTaY, aramed raYTa pirvelad sityuaY samociquloY Sevasworo berZulsa Zalisaebr, TanaSewevniTa da winaZRomiTa Targ­manTa da leqsikonTaYTa, rameTu ars mravali sityuaY, ro­mel TKsagan pavles Sina egre ufro Seewyobvis qarTulad, xolo odes wmidaTa Targmanebasa Tana Seatyua, pirvelad samociqulosa sityuasa gamokulevaY una da SedarebaY da egreTRa Targmansa missa daweraY. amis pirisTKs ge­vedrebi yovelTa qristes moyuareTa, raYTa pavles Sina, gina sxuasa samociqulosa, amaT TargmanTagan cvalebuli sityuaY ara vin GahrToT, aramed ucvalebelad ipyarT didiTa moRuawebiTa Targmnili wmidisa mamisa GuenisaY, viTar ese meca misisave Targmnilisagan damiwerian aqa Sina samociquloni sityuani da kualad me nu mabrale­bel meqmnebiT adgil­adgilTa usakuTresTaTKs, rameTu araTumca pirvelad sityuaY Semedara, Targmani sityKsaY gairyuneboda da kualad Semdgomni mecnierni berZulisa­ni mabralebel gueqmnebodes gamouZiebelad dawerisaTKs sityuaTaYsa. amisTKs nu vin Tquengani mabralobs, Tu vi­

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Tar me, undoman, gamoZiebad Pel­vyav da ukueTu GemiTa ZaliTa WeSmaritad cof da naRvlian var, xolo ukueTu TKT maTve wmidaTa mamaTa efTKmis da giorgis Targmnilsa wmidisa ioane oqropirisa Targmnilsa sityuasa Tana Seva­tyue da egreT Zalisaebri raYme, amisTKs ukueTu vinme ma­bralebdes, pirvelad Sendobasa viTxov da amissa Semdgo­mad ganucxadeb saidumlosa gonebisa Gemisasa da vityK: ukueTu raYca raY vidre moaqamde miTargmnies da rasaca waRmarT Rirs viqnebi Targmnad da ara yovelive, Semdgo­mad RmrTisa da wmidisa RmrTismSobelisa yovelTa wmida­Ta, efTKmis da giorgis madlisad da winadamaSuralobisa da aw meoxebisad Semiracxies, numca Seracxil var wessa Tana qristeaneTasa da kualadca vityK: ukueTu ara ber­Ta GuenTa antonis da sabaYs locviTa qmnilad Sevhracxo yoveli niWi efTKmis da giorgis oxaTa mier moniWebuli Gemda, numca Rirs viqmnebi wyalobasa RmrTisasa!

amas yovelsa vityK misTKs, ukueTu raY ipoos Targm­nilTa amaT wignTa Sina GemTa Rirsi raYme RmrTisaY da Semsgavsebuli sabaYs da antonis meoxebisaY, xolo raode­ni raY ars amaT Sina cTomili sityKT, gina gulisPmisyo­fiT, missa aRviareb, viTarmed Gemi oden ars, da vnebaTa samkKdrebelisa amis gonebisaY, simravlisa bralTaYsa da friadisa uswavlelobisa da umecrebisaY, romliTa arca­Ra Tu qristeaneTa ricxusa Tana var aRracxuvad. amisTKs gxadi yovelsa naTesavsa qarTvelTa momavalTasa, rameTu Tqueni ars niWi ese da yovelTa locvisaY, raY pirvel Tquen momiteoT yovelive, raYca raY cTomilebaY ipoos, romelTaca GemTa TarnmnilTa Sina uswavlelobisaTKs da siWabukisa da uRirsebisa, da saxierebiT evedreT GemTKs RmerTsa, raYTa ara damsajos saukunod, rameTu me Zali­saebr viRuwid simarTlesa da Sedarebasa berZulisasa, mravalTa da mecnierTa moZRuarTa berZenTa da qarTvel­Ta gamokiTxviTa. ufalman TqueniTa locviTa mces madli yovelTa mizezTa da Zal­mweTa da sityKT da saqmiT Tana­SemweTa Gemisa TargmnobisaTa da Tquen Tana mkKdr myvnes sasufevelsa missa da me _ zogad Tquen yovelTa oxiTa _ miPsnas patiJisagan yovelTa TananadebTa GemTaYsa, amin.

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ese saqmisa mociqulTaYsa Targmani sityua­sityuad mravalTa Targmnilisagan Semokrebuli ars, da siPSoYsa­gan saxelebi TKs­TKs ara egeboda daweraY. xolo viTarca zedawarwerili cxad­hyofs, umravlesi da yovelgan wmi­disa ioane oqropirisaY ars da adgil­adgilRa daerTvis sxuaTaca wmidaTaY mravalTa wignTagan erTad Sekrebuli wmidisa kKriles mier.

Jer.16, 2r-3v.

b) `mociqulTa saqmis Targmanebis~ anderZi23

didebaY da madlobaY dasabamsa da srulebasa yovelTa arsTasa da mizezsa da araarsisagan momyvanebelsa arsTa arsebisasa, RmerTsa Guensa, romeli­igi maradis ars da ma­radis samguamovan da erTars ars, romlisa momadlebiTa da wyalobiTa, meoxebiTa wmidisa RmrTismSobelisaYTa da yovelTa wmidaTaYTa da locviTa berTa GuenTaYTa srul­iqmna TargmanebaYca mociqulTa saqmisaY, aw axlad Targmni­li berZulisa enisagan, rameTu viTarca winaYswarmetyueli ityKs ­`araTumca ufalman sabaoT damiteva Guen Tesli, vi­Tarca sodomeli da gomorelni viqmneniT da mivemsgavsen­iT~ _ egreTve me, arawmidaY ese, vityK, viTarmed: araTum­ca locvaY wmidaTa mamaTa GuenTaY da sityuaY da swavlaY maTi qmnil iyo saWeTmpyrobelad da mmarTebel, araraYmca keTili srul­iqmna Gem [codvil]isa suliT da PorciT mwikulevanisagan, vinaYca raJams momadlebiTa berisa sabaYs locvaTaYTa mommadla RmerTman safarveli wmidisa mamisa Guenisa berisa antonisi, raYTa ara sruliad obol viqmne Semdgomad misa, maSin amisiTa brZanebiTa pirvelad ukuH samociquloTa pavles ebistoleTa da kaTolikeTa Targ­mani vTargmne, viTarca usaWiroesTaY. amissa Semdgomad saqmisa mociqulTaYsa TargmanebaY reca mZimed aRmiGina eS­makman, aramed cud­yo ufalman siverage misi da viTarca sakrveliTa, egreT mipyra berman antoni da ara miteva us­rulad datevebaY amisi. da mas Tana­ewamnen iovane Rrama­

23 “mociqulTa saqmis Targmanebis~ anderZi erTaderT Q1158 xelna­werSia SemorGenili (Q1158,101v). pirveli publikacia ekuTvnis e.

koWlamazaSvils (e. koWlamazaSvili, 1996; 2003, gv. 341).

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tikosi sKmeonwmideli da iovane [ra]teuli, raYTa `piriTa orisa da samisa mowamisaTa daemtkicos yoveli sityuaY~. [aw ukuH] Gemi aRmiarebia sulmokleobaY, raYTa SendobaY mom­madloT, da berisa antonissa vqadageb, Semdgomad RmrTisa, Pelis­apyrobasa, raYTa Tquenca, romelni ikiTxvideT gina swerdeT, mas akurTxevdiT da hmadlobdiT

Q 1158, 101r.

g)kaTolike epistoleTa Targmanebis anderZi24

locva yavT anriasTKs xuces­monazonisa, romeli yo­fil­ars mwerali berZulisa amis wignisaY, romlisagan iTargmna kaTolikeTa ese Targmani enasa Guensa.

ufalo, adide didebiTa wmidaTaYTa mizezi yovelTa keTilTaY, beri Gueni antoni da misiTa madliTa Seiwyale suli iovane xuces­monazonisa, mowafisa maTisaY, romelman wyalobiTa da Pelis­apyrobiTa maTiTa didsa siglaxakesa Sina guls idgina TKsiT safasoYTa axlad Targmnilisa amis wignisaY TKsad mogebaY, salocvelad mSobelTa da ZmaTa...

Q 1158, 316r

d) pavles hromaelTa mimarT epistoles TavTa GaminaTvalze darTuli anderZi25

sacnaur iyavn, viTarmed ese `uwyebani mizezTani~ da `Tavni~ pavles Targmanisagan Gaweril arian pavlesa Sina berZulsa da mier _ qarTulsa, viTarca mokled yovlisa Zalisa da sityuaTa mizezisa mauwyebeli. xolo me, uRirs­man efrem, mier pavlisagan gardmovweren, rameTu arRara uPmda unaklulod Targmnilsa didisa mis moZRurisa gior­gi mTawmidelisasa meored TaragmnaY visganca, rameTu igi sZlevs yovelTa TargmanTa marTlgamometyuHlebiTa sity­

24 “kaTolike epistoleTa Targmanebis~ anderZi erTaderT Q1158 xel­nawerSia SemorGenili (Q1158,101v). pirveli publikacia ekuTvnis e. koWlamazaSvils (e. koWlamazaSvili, 1996; 2003, gv. 343).

25 anderZi daculia mxolod Q1158 xelnawerSia (Q 1158, 103v). pirveli publikacis ekuTvnis e. koWlamazaSvils (e. koWlamazaSvili, efrem mciris kidev erTi ucnobi anderZi: mcire saeklesio kalendari 1999 wlisaTvis, Tb., 1999, gv. 31­32; ix. agreTve, e. koWlamazaSvili 2003, gv, 343­344).

­ 210 ­

uasa mas WeSmaritebisasa; romlisa oPaY meyavn me saukunod, viTarca undosa mtuHrsa wmidaTa ferPTa misTasa.

Q 1158, 103v,

e) pavles epistoleTa Targmanebis anderZi26

uwyebaY mizezsa wignisa amis mravalTa wignTa erTad Semokrebulisasa

viTarmed wmidaY iovane oqropiri ars Targmani ebis­toleTa pavle mociqulisa da viTarmed GuHnebiTa prok­les mier xilulTa gulsavse qmnil ars ueWuHlobasa mis mier Targmnilobisasa, ese zedamiwevniT guHswaveb­is cxovrebisagan TKT mis wmidisa mamisa Guenisa iovane oqropirisa. xolo Tu viTar didTa TargmanTagan Semok­lebiTi ese Targmani gamokrebul ars, igica mokled gan­vacxadoT SewevniTa RmrTisaYTa:

sacnaur iyavn, viTarmed msgavsad saxarebisa Targman­Ta, vrcelad Tav­Tavoan da swavlian ars da mravalwig­nad ganyofil vrceli Targmani saqmisa mociqulTaYsa da kaTolikeTa da epistoleTa pavle mociqulisaTaY. garna vinaYTgan mravalwignobisagan saWiro ars glaxakTa kacTa mier mogebaY maTi, eseca GuHnTKs winaYswar izruna yovlisa winagamgebelman RmerTman da amissa viTarebasa viswavebT epistolisa misgan didisa kKrile aleqsandrielisa, romeli iZie da hpovo Tavsa wignisa mis pavles Targm­nad garemowerilisasa, romlisa berZnulisagan Targm­nad ewyo Guensa mas axalsa oqropirsa, wyarosa da Zirsa Targmanebisasa, wmidasa mamasa da moZRuarsa eklesiaTasa _ efTKmes mTawmidelsa da uTargmnia orTa oden ebisto­leTaY, mcired naklul, xolo mizezi usrulobisa maTisaY RmerTman icis. amis wignisa TaviT kerZoY igi ebistole amas cxad_hyofs, viTarmed (gv. 236) visme moswrafesa eTx­

26 `pavles epistoleTa Targmanebis~ anderZi daculia erTaderT aTonur xelnawerSia (Ath.18gv. 235­238). pirveli publikacia eku­Tvnis d. TvalTvaZes, (d. TvalTvaZe, efrem mciris erTi ucnobi anderZi: Tsu Zveli qarTuli enis kaTedris Sromebi, t. 27, Tb., 1988, gv. 210­221. 1989, gv. 220­221; ix. agreTve, e. koWlamazaSvili, 2003, gv. 300­302.

­ 211 ­

ova didisa kKrilesgan, raYTa pativTa zeda samociquloYsa wignisaTa waruweros Semoklebuli Zali sityKsaY, raYTa aqundes mas erTwignad pavle Targmniani. amisTKs wmidaY igi miuwers, gulsmodginebasa missa aqebs da cxad­hyofs, viTarmed oqropirisa TargmanTagan gamoukrebies mas mokle Zali sityKsaY da adgil­adgil sxuaTaca wmidaTaY daurTavs, sadaca upovnies sakiTxavTa Sina ganmartebaY samociquloYsa sityKsaY. vinaYca aw viTarca berZulisagan gKswavies, ara kKriles Targmnili ars garemowerili igi Targmani pavles sityuaTaY, aramed, viTarca TKT ityKs da­sabamsa, oqropirisa TargmnilTagan wignTa Semoukrebies mokle Zali TiToeulisa sityKsaY, da viTarca umravlesi, zedawaruwerelad dautevebies misi, xolo adgil­adgil vissaTaca dahraTavs, aTanasissa gina basolisasa, grigo­rissa anu TKT Tavisa TKsisasa, saxelsa zeda daswers, ram­eTu miwyebiT da vrclad da srulebiT aravis amaTgansa uTargmnia pavle, TKnier ioane oqropirisa, aramed sak­iTxavTa Sina maTTa sadaca upovnia samociquloY sityuaY ganmartebuli, igica zeda daurTavs oqropirisa Targm­nisada. xolo garemoweraY igi amisTKs uqmnia, raYTa ara ganikuHTos samociquloY sityuaY, aramed ricxKTa oden da niSniTa kideTa zeda Targmani moiRebodis. amisTKsca mas ara pavles Targani hqKan, aramed pavle Targmaniani.

aha, esera, daRacaTu sruli igi mravalwignad swav­ledi Targmani samociquloYsa wignisaY oqropirisaY ars, garna erT wignad Sekrebulica ese _ misTave Targman­Tagan, ara litonisa kacisagan, aramed didisa kKri(237)le aleqsandrielisagan Semokrebul ars; da raoden igi hmats sivrciTa da swavlaTa simravliTa, egoden ese sxKT kerZo hmats _ erT wignad SemokrebiTa da mokled Zalsa sityKsasa ganmcxadeblobiTa, rameTu sivrcesa Sina swavlaTasa ganTesulsa Zalsa sityKsasa gamomrGevelad mciredni vieTnime ipovebian. amas Tana imiTca, rameTu ara xolo mis didisa pavles Targmanisagan, aramed sadaca sakiTxavTa Sina TKT mis wmidisa ioane oqropirisaTa, gina sxuaTaca vieTca wmidaTasa ipoebis samociquloYsa sit­yKsa TargmanebaY, yoveli aqa Semiukrebies da TiToferTa

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yuavilTagan erTad golad saukunoYsa sitkboebisa mor­wmuneTad dauunjebies, romeli­ese aw qarTvelTa enasa srulebiT mohmadla RmreTman locviTa wmidaTa mamaTa GuenTa saba Tuxariselisa da antoni tbelisaYTa.

xolo vinaYTgan garemowerili igi pativTa da ricxuTa saZiebeli saeklesiod sakiTxavad da sawereladac Znel iyo, amisTKs viTa TKT wmidisa ioane oqropirisa didTa Targman­Ta Sina ars marTlgawyobil, egreT umjobesad wames berTa GuenTa da igi moTxviTad mowerili wmidisa kKriles mier, marTlgavawyveT uadvilesobad mweralTa da mkiTxvelTa; romeli usaxeloY ars, igi oqropirisaY ars yoveli, xolo adgil­adgil visica iSKT zedadaerTvis, misi saxeli sweria.

ars, romel Semdgomad kKrilessa yofilTaca wmidaTa Tqumulisaganica raodenime sityuaY daurTavs adgil­adgil vieTme brZenTa da gulisPmismyofelTa da igica dagKweria misiT zedawarweriliTurT, berZulTa dedaTa Sina viTa gKpovnia rGeulTa da sarwmunoTa, romelni mo­guHexunes uSurvelad (238) klimisagan mama da winamZRu­aryofilisa sKmenwmidelTaYsa, kacisa brZnisa da GuHnda didad TanaSemwisa. ufalman wmidaTa Tana miecin sasyide­li keTilisa nebisaTKs da wyalobisa Guenisa, cTomisaTKs SegKndeviT da kninisa gulsmodginebisaTKs locva­yavT.

Guen erTwignobaY gKxarkebia, raYTa msgavsad samo­ciquloYsa, Targmanica misi erT wign iyos; da amis piri­saTKs zogi adgili ZliT ikiTxvebis, xolo. Tquen Pel­gewifebis or wignad farTod daweraY, romelTa RmerTman Zali mogces gardawerad. mxolod usakuTresTaTKs Tavsa zeda werili igi uwyebaY orisave wignisa Tavsa miaxuHdroT da mcireTa amaT sityuaTa adgil­adgil mozraxulTa Gem sawyalobelisa efrem mcirisaTa, daweraY nu gewyinebis, rameTu esreT maqunda brZanebaY, raYTa Sina araraY GavhTo, aramed kideTa zeda da Tavisa da boloYsa anderZTa Sina vikadro dawerad, ara maGuHneblobiTi raYme mravalmo­qcevi, aramed litoni sityuaY da uwyebaY raYsaYve. momite­veT yovelive qistes mcnebisaTKs, O sayuarelno.

Ath.18. gv. 235-238.

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Teodorite kKrelis `filoTeon istoriis~ Sesavali27

amas wignsa ewodebis `filoTeon istoriaY~, romel ars RmrTismoyuarebiTi TxrobaY, rameTu viTar­igi `kle­maqssa~ da `dioloRonsa~, igive berZuli saxeli uwodian qarTuladca, egreTve amisTKs usakuTres ars wodebad `filoTeon istoriaY~, romeli ese TKT aRmwerelisa amis­sa Teodoritesgan saxeldebul ara amisda. xolo saWiro ars Tqumad TKT misda TeodoritesTKsca raY uwyodiT.

Teodorite ars naTesaviT antioqieli, sada­igi iSva da aRizarda da ganiswavla, romlisa sazomsa gonierebisa da swavlulebisasa cxad­hyofen aRwerilni misni, romelTa mier TavTa gamometyuHlTa da aRmwerelTa Tana Seracxil ars berZenTa Soris. rameTu vinaYTgan gamorGeul iqmna episkoposad qalaqis kKroYsa, romeli axlavs didsa qalaq­sa antioqisasa, mieriTgan viTar TKT miswers leon hrom­Ta papisa, araraY Porcieli gansagebeli uRuawies, TKnier winambrZolobaY eklesiaTaY, rameTu ityKs, viTarmed: ~sama­si eklesisaY SevsZine mwvalebelTa da mekerpeTangani mar­TlmadidebelTa eklesisa~. amas Tana yovelTa ZuHlTa da axalTa wignTa Targmanebani aRuwerian dabadebiTgan vid­re samociqulomde da sxuani pirad­piradni saeklesioni JamTa moTxrobani da bunebaTa metyuHlebani, rameTu si­WabukiTgan iwyo da didad sibered miiwia.

aramed SuriTa eSmakisaYTa dakninda warmatebulebaY misi, raJams TanaSemweobisaTKs TKsisa mamaTmTavrisa antioqiel­patriarqisa, winaaRmdgomni Tavni dawerna. kKriles mimarT aleqsandrielisa (187v), rameTu drtKnvides misTKs, romel TKnier Tanadaxudomisa maTisa qmna man krebaY efesoYsaY da gankueTaY nistorisi. vinaYca winaaRdgomaY kKrilesi Semweobad nistorissa Seuracxes mas da ganagdes eklessiT, vidremdis brZanebiTa leon hromTa papisaYTa kualad Sei­

27 kolofoni daculia A689 (187r-187v) da A682 (91v-93v) xelnawerebSi. pirveli publikacia ekuTvnis T. Jordanias (T. Jordania, qroni­kebi da sxva masala saqarTvelos istoriisa da mwerlobisa, Sekre­bili, qronologiurad dawyobili da axsnili T. Jordanias mier, wigni II, tf., 1897, gv. 40­42).

­ 214 ­

wynara igi krebaman xalkidonisaman da saydarsa TKssa das­ues da ricxusa maTsa TanaaRmavsebel yunes. da mieriTgan yovelni xalkidonisa krebisa Semwynarebelni Teodorites­sa Seiwynareben da mxolod TavTa maT mis mier dawerilTa winaaRsadgomelad kKrilessa SeaGuHneben da ganagdeben, xolo sxuani werilni misni didad warGinebulad sazepurod hqonan, da TKT Teodorite, viTarca arsca winambrZolad marTlmadidebelTa krebulisa aqus ZlierebisaTKs sityua­Ta misTaYsa da brwyinvalebisaTKs cxorebisa misisa.

amis mier aRwerilisa amis `filoTeon istoriaYsaY~ mo­surne iyo wmidaY da RmerTSemosili beri GuHni antoni da misiTa brZanebiTa da locviTa iTargmna ese TKT misdad, raYTa msgavsTa Tana iSuHbdes. romelTame hxvdebodis, xolo romelTame Seesworebodis da arsmca viTar igi ars, maTebrve srul RuawliTa da maTTave Semkul gKrgKniTa.

xolo aqus wignsa amas friadi siRrme sityKsaY, umravle­si berZulad da aramciredi qarTuladca, romlisa Secvale­baY da gamartivebaY ara Znel iyo, garna SemindeviT uRirssa Tquensa, efrem mciresa, rameTu esreT umjobes vhgone, raYTa xati da moqcevi sityuaTaY igive aqundes berZulisaY, rameTu eseca arave uPmar ars maTTKs, romelni mravalJam zrdil arian sZiTa sityuaTa martivobisaYTa da miwevnul hasaksa moqenesa mtkicisa sazrdelisasa. xolo moqceobaY sityuaTaY amis wignisaTaY eseviTari raYme ars: rameTu raJams sibrZnis-moyuare an RmrTismgalobelTa mwyobri Tquas monazonTa saxelad, rameTu WeSmaritad filosofosad, ese igi ars sibrZnismoyuarebad, WeSmaritsa monazonebasa saxel­edebis, xolo RmrTismgalobelobaY wmidisa dionisiis sityuaTaY ars, da kualad, raJams monastersa ityodis, odesme arved uPmobs, odesme sibrZnissawurTellad, odesme stadionad. ese da eseviTari qceulebaY, ginaTu TxzulebaY sityKsaY ara uPmar ars swavlismoyuareTa da keTilad gamomeZiebelTaTKs, raYTa ganhnzadnes uRrmesTadre wignTaTKs. zanduki wignisa amis:a. iakobisTKsb. ivlianesTKs

­ 215 ­

g. markianesTKsd. evsevisTKse. poplioYsTKsv. sKmeonisTKs ZuHlisaz. paladisTKs, romel ars palade wmidaYH. afraatesTKsT. petresTKsi TeodosisTKs, romelsa arasusisa Teodos wmidaY uSenebiaia. romanosisTKsib. zinosisTKsig. makedonoYsTKsid. maYsumaYsTKsie. akefsimaYsTKsiv. maronoYsTKsiz. abrahamisTKsiH. evsevisTKsiT. salamanisTKsk. marisTKska. iakobisTkskb. TalasoYsTKs da limanasoYsTKskg. ivnesTKskd. levinaYsTKs da polKtronoYsTKske. asklipioYsTKskv. sKmeonisTKs halabelisakz. varadatisTKskH. malelesTKskT. maranaYsTKs da kKraYsTKsl. domninaYsTKssityuaY saRmrToYsa siyuarulisaTKs

rameTu SKdni Txrobani TaviT kerZoni sxuaTagan smenilni dauwerian ZuHlad yofilTani, xolo rviTgan ocdaerTamde maTni, romelni misTa JamTa aRsrulebul arian da TualiTaca uxilavn, xolo ocdaerTiTgan sxua­ni yovelni jereT maSin cocxal yofil arian, odes ese maTTKs dauwerian.

A 689,187v; A682 ,91v-93v.

­ 216 ­

`filoTeon istoriis~ anderZi28

didebaY da madlobaY, pativi da TayuaniscemaY ma­masa da Zesa, wmidasa sulsa, romelman meoxebiTa wmidisa RmrTismetyuelisaYTa da yovelTa wmidaTa srul­yo ese­ca wigni mamaTaY locviTa berTa GuenTaYTa.

gevedrebi yovelTa, mkiTxvelTa da msmenelTa da gardamwerelTa, raYTa locvasa hyofdeT RmerTSemosi­lisa antoni tbelisaTKs, moZRuarTa, mSobelTa, ZmaTa da SvilTa maTTKs, romelman oxiTa TKsiTa RmrTisa mimarT ubrZana pirutyul saxeobasa Gem mcirisa da undoYsa efrem unarGevesisa mowafeTa misTaYsa, raYTa saxelad siwmidisa misisa gamovTargmno berZulisagan axlad qarTvelTa en­asa cxorebaY ese wmidaTa amaT mamaTaY, romelni ganbrwy­indes antioqias da garemoYs sanaxebsa da sabrZanebelTa Soris misTa. ukueTu raY aqa Sina keTilad qmnili gepoos, igi RmrTisa (277v) samadlobel da maTda salocvel yavT, xolo me cTomilebaY oden momiteveT, rameTu igi oden ars Gemi udebebisa da uRirsebisa nayofi, xolo keTili yoveli RmrTisaY ars da TargmanebaY ese Gemi sabaYs da antonis madliTa da locviTa qmnil ars, romelTaY sau­kunomca ars saPsenebeli da kurTxevaY maTi.

A 689, 277r-v; A 682, 183v

basili kesarielis `asketikonis~ anderZi29

sacnaur iyavn, viTarmed umetes aTormetisa wlisa JamTa movelodeniT patiosnisa mRdelisa prokopis mier Targmnilsa asketikas amas wmidisa basilissa. ginaTu JamTa

28 anderZi Semonaxulia A 689 (277r-v) da A 682(183v) xelnawerebiT. pir­veli publikacia ekuTvnis T. Jordanias. T. Jordania mas SecdomiT paladi helenopolelis ̀ lavsaikonis~ anderZad miiGnevs. (T. Jorda­nia, qronikebi da sxva masala saqarTvelos istoriisa da mwerlobi­sa, Sekrebili, qronologiurad dawyobili da axsnili T. Jordanias mier, wigni I, tf., 1892, gv. 220; meore gamocema, Tb., 2004.

29 anderZi Semonaxulia A689 xelnawerSi (187r). pirveli publika­cia ekuTvnis T. Jordanias (T. Jordania, qronikebi da sxva masala saqarTvelos istoriisa da mwerlobisa, Sekrebili, qronologiu­rad dawyobili da axsnili T. Jordanias mier, wigni II, tf., 1897, gv. 39­40; ix. agreTve, e. xinTibiZe, 1968, gv. 176).

­ 217 ­

sihavisa anu kacTa sigriliTa aravin mogKtana arca ze­moYT, arca samefoYT, amisTKs, viTarca sasowarkueTili misgan, brZanebiTa wmidisa mamisa antoni tbelisaYTa pir­vel esodenTa welTa dawyebulsa viiZule berZulisagan Targmnad, rameTu maSin mewyo oden da raY mesma, davacade dRiTi­dRe wyurielad molodebiTa misiTa. xolo aw Si­SiTa JamTa da gzaTagan ver moRwevnisaYTa, vTargmne amiT gulissityKTa, raYTa ukueTu odesme moiwios misi Targm­nili, misi ipyraT, viTarca uxucesisaY da ese _ viTarca umrwemesisaY. da raYme mun hmatdes, gina _ aqa, orTaganve umjobesi SeiZineT da sxuaHbriobaY nuve gikKrs, rameTu TKT berZulnica wignni viTarca vin dedaY povis, egre gar­daYwerebian da TKT orTa wignis sacavTa sKmeonwmidisaTa `asketikonni~ sxKTa da sxKT hmatdes urTierTas, amisTKs TualisaYca moviReT da TKT maTve berZenTa ubrZnesTa da usulieresTa kiTxviTa Zalisaebri sisrule da simarTle vixarke.

A 689, 187r

dionise areopegelis TxzulebaTa Targmanze darTuli kolofonebi

a) winabWe sityKsa-TxrobaY didisa dionKsisTKs da wignTa maTTKs, mis mier aRwerilTa30

aznaurebisaTKs ukue da simdidresa Sina uwarGinebu­lesisa didisa dionKsisa mxolod saganmzraxoY igi aTi­nelTa kma ars mauwyeblad, romelsa Sina ese msajuli ganGinebul iyo, rameTu: erTi areopagelTagani iyo igi, viTarca saRmrToY luka sacnaur hyofs, mogKTxrobs raY saqmeTa did­didTa da wmidaTa mociqulTasa, romelsa Sina ityKs, viTarmed: miiwia raY aTinad wmida mociquli

30 daculia or xelnawerSia A110(1r-2v) da A163(gv. 1­15). gamocemulia i. lolaSvilis mier, . (i. lolaSvili, fsevdo­dionisesa da pe­tre iberielis identurobis problema qarTul da evropul mec­nierebaSi, Tb., 1973, gv. 107­116; ix. misive, areopagituli krebuli, dionise areopageli da petre iberieli ZvelqarTul mwerlobaSi, gamosacemad moamzada i. lolaSvilma, Tb., 1983, gv. 70­77).

­ 218 ­

pavle, miemTxKa vieTme sityuad epikurelTa filosofo­sTa da stoaYsaganTa da uqadaga sarwmunoebaY uflisa iesu qristeYs mimarT, aRdgomaY mkudarTaY da sasjeli sayovelTaoY, vinaYca Sepyrobil iqmna usibrZnismoyuare­Ta maTgan ara­filosofosTa, rameTu ara­WeSmaritebiT filosofos iyvnes, da miiyvanes areopaged. da ezraxa raY ersa, myis warmostyunna maTganni vieTnime da Secvale­bul yvna naTlisa mimarT WeSmaritisa, romlisTKs das­Zinebs mraval­ganTqumuli igi aRmwereli amis TxrobisaY amas: "esreT pavle gamovida Soris maTsa da vieTnime kac­ni maTganni Seudges mas da hrwmena; romelTa Soris iyo dionKsios ariopageli da dedakaci, saxeliT damaris, da sxuani maT Tanani".

xolo esera litonad vismen yovelTa Soris, maSin morwmune­qmnulTa didisa pavles mier mxolod­warGine­bulisa, viTar dionKsis saxel­debiT moPsenebasa yovlad brZenisa aRmwerelisa zedadarTviTa pativisa misisaTa aRswers, viTarmed: ariopageli ufroYsRa amier [... ] da cxorebisa warGinebulTa [... . ] igi umTavresi dasxdian da ganizraxKdian saganmzraxosa mas Sina ariopagisasa, rame­Tu cxorebaY maTca mTavarTa aTinelTasa daadginebdian raY, ariopagelni Semoukrebian maT msajulad, viTarca androtion ityKs meoresa wignsa Sina aTinelTasa, xolo ukanaYsknelTa umravlesad iqmna saganmzraxod igi ario­pagia, ese igi ars, kacTa ricxKT ormeocdaaTerTmetTa, garna maTca mamul­keTilTa gardametebulTaY, viTar­igi pirvel vTqu, simdidriTa da siwmidiTa cxorebisaYTa, viTarca mogKTxrobs filoxoros mesamiTa wigniTa maTve aTinelTaYTa.

xolo garegan qalaqsa iyo samsjavroY igi ariopa­gelTaY, wodebuli esreT, viTar­igi zRaprismetyueleben aTinelni, rameTu TKT mas mwuervalsa zeda qalaqisa da mTisasa samsjavroY Semokrba Soris posidonissa da ares. rameTu posidon sasjeli Tqua ares mimarT adgilsa mas Sina ZuelTa maTebr zRaprobaTa aTonelTasa [... ... . ] da viTarmed: ares mier mokluli ars Ze misi alliroTos, vinaYca amier ewoda paRossa mas `ariopaRos~, romel ars

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`mTa areoYsi~, rameTu `paRos~ mTisa saxeli ars. amas ad­gilsa ganisjebodes aTinelni yovelTaTKsve kninodenTa­ca bralTa da uSjuloebaTa, viTar­igi yovelsave war­moityKs androtion pirvelsa, xolo filoxoros _ meore­sa da mesamesa wignsa Sina aTinelTasa. amisTKsca, viTarca axalTa eSmakTa momTxrobeli, Seipyres wmidaY mociquli pavle, Txrobisaebr WeSmaritebismoyuarisa lukaYssa, hr­ques gancofefebulisa mis sibrZnisa trfialTa maT da moizidvides saganmzraxod ariopagisa. aramed maSindeli­sa mis mTavarman ariopagelTa bWobisaman, didman diono­si, viTarca Tualuxuavman msajulman [qmna] Tualuxua­vica ganGinebaY WeSmarityofisa suliTa SemosilTa maT sityuaTa pavlesTa, vinaYca myis friad axovnad [... . . ] sa­sargeblosa mas ariopagisas [... ... ] mxedvelad msajulad gulisPma­yo mamisa sityuaY da Ze mxolodSobili da [suli wmidaY da] qadagebda da esreT iqmna Svil naTlisa [... . . ], daRacaTu hromTa epyra maSin martodmpyrobelobaY [... ... . ], aramed TKTsjulad daetevnes aTinelni da lakedemo­nelni. vinaYca mermeca Semdgomad sarwmunoebad moslvisa didi dionKsi aTinelTave da ariopagelTa Soris moqa­laqobda. srul iqmna ukue yovlisa sacxorebeliTa sju­liTa pavles mier yovlad Zlierisa. xolo moRurebiTa ganiswavla didi dionKsi ieroTeoYsgan, yovlad warGine­bulisa, viTarca TKT netari igi ityKs. amissa Semdgomad dadginebul iqmna meSKdisa wignisaebr samiciquloTa gan­wesebisaTa sakKrveli dionKsi pavlesgan qristeSemosili­sa episkoposad aTinas myofTa morwmuneTaY.

xolo moiPseneben wmidisa dionKsisTKs ariopagelisa dionKsios Zueli, episkoposi korinTelTaY da polKkar­pos aTinelTa mimarTsa Sina epistolesa.

da ars sakKrvel simarTle da mraval­swavlebaY wmi­disa amis doinKsi areopagelisaY, viTar WeSmaritebiT Seiwynara man yovelnive saeklesioTa wesTa da sjulTa ubraloebiTni wesierebani mocemulni da mocvalna WeS­maritebisa mimarT saeWuelni igi sjulni warmarTTa maT filosofosTani, vinaYca umetesad sawyalobel ars da Tana­sityKer warmdebebaY sulmokleTa maT gamomeZiebel­

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Ta keTilisa swavlulebisaTaY, romelni TKsTa uswavle­lobasa Tana­Seazomen sxuaTaca kacTa keTilad warmarTe­basa. eseviTarni igi raJams miemTxKnen aRwerilTa vieTTa­me, romelTa­igi nuukue da ara Sedgomil iyunian Zalsa sityuaTasa, myis ganukiTxvelad hyofen Sesmenasa aRmwe­relisas da ese maSin, odes yovlad ver­SemZlebel iyvnian warmarTebad da mxilebad bralobisa maT, romelTa­igi dasdebdian maT zeda. jer iyo, raYTamca Tavisa TKsisa mimarT moaqcies yovelive risxvaY TKsi da ufroYsRa [... ... . . ], rameTu ver SemZlebel iqmnnes moswrafebiT swavlad da cnobad WeSmaritsa Zalsa maT TqumulTasa, romelTa ver wina­uyus Semsgavsebul swavlis moyuare [... ... ... ... ... . ], romelni mwvaleblobiT ginebad kadnier iqmnebi­an didisa dionKsissa, viTarca yovlad umecarni mwval­ebelTa viTarebisani, rameTu: ukueTumca TKToeulisa Zali satyuaTa maT mis mier dasjolTaY Tana­Seatyunes mwvalebelTa sityuasa, maSinmca ixiles eseoden msgavse­baY maTi urTierTas, raoden naTeli _ bnelsa da WeSmari­tebaY _ tyuvilsa. rameTu raY Tquan, esmodis raY amisgan RmrTismetyuelebaY mxolod TayuanisacemelisaTKs wmi­disa samebisa, anu kualad raY mizez­idgan qadagebasa Sina erTisa mis yovlad netarisa arsebisaganisa iesu qristes mxolodSobilisa sityKsa RmrTisa srulebiTisa gankace­bisasa, anu ara sulsa goniersa ityKs misTKs da PorcTa miwisaganTa msgavsTa GuenTa da sxuasa yovelsave, raode­ni raY Tqumul ars maTTKs moZRuarTa mier marTlgamome­tyuelTa, anu raYsa [... ... . ] abralon mas cnobadTaTKs da sacnaurTa grZnobadTaTKs da sagrZnobelTa anu sayovel­TaoYsa misTKs aRdgomisa Guenisa; viTar­igi yofad ars PorciTa da suliTa da maSin yofadTa maTTKs samsjavro­Ta da garGevaY marTalTa da ver egeviTarTaYsa, raYTa mokled vTqua: [... . . ] maT mimarT xedavs yoveli cxorebaY Gueni, romelTa aw srulad warmoTqumaY ara samarTal ars, aramed Jamad­Jamadsa Sina Targmanebasa TKToeulisa sityKsasa SeviswavloT yoveli igi.

`he, _ metyKan, _ he, egreT arso, aramed ara aRwera sityuani misni evsevi pamfilesman da arca ras orige­

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ni moiPsenebs maTTKs!~ romelTa mimarT vityK, viTarmed: mravalTa wignTa Tana warxdebis [... ... ], raodeni ara mi­iwines PelTa misTa, rameTu arcaRa [miwevn]ul ars zogan yovelTa da ufroYsRa TKT aRiarebs [... ... . ], viTarmed: mravalni da ricxvis mZleni wignni ara­mowevnul arian missa da mravalTaY Zal­medva moPsenebad, romelni TKT misTave [... . ], viTar­igi Kmeneosisi da narsisoYsi, romel­ni mRdelobdes Jamsa mas. xolo me mimTxueul var rao­denTame wignTa KmeneosisTa. amas Tana kualad arcaRa [... ... ... . . ]mulni aRwerna, arca hromisa klementosisTa, TKnier xolo orTa ebistoleTasa da arca sxuaTa b[... ... ... . o]rigeni ara uwyi Tu yovelTa, garna mxo[... ... ... ... . ]TaY oden moiPsena: `aramed diakoni vinme hromosa, sa­xeliT petre, miTxrobda me, viTarmed: yovelnive wigni sakKrvelisa dionKsisni cocxlad daSTomil da mdebare arian didsa mas Sina wignissacavsa hromTa eklesiisasa~.

xolo umravlessa maTgansa miswers samgzis sanatrel­sa timoTes, mowafesa wmidisa pavle mociqulisa, efesel­Ta episkoposisa, romeli­igi zedamdgomel iyo mravals­wavlulTa maT filosofosTa ioniaYs­efesoYsaTa. da mra­vali raY SeemTxueoda maTgan kiTxviTa da gamoZiebiTa, viTarca Seetyuebis veragTa gareSisa filosofosobisa­Ta, amisTKs miswers missa, raYTa ZaliTa amaT Tqumul­TaYTa Zlier iqmnes umetesad wina­aRdgomad maTda, da sawarmarToTave sityuaTa miscems dasaPsnelad sibrZnisa sawarmarToYsa, romeli­ese ara­Seumsgavs ars, vinaYTgan yovlad RmrTismoyuaremanca mociqulman pavle sawarmar­Toni raYme iPumia sityuani, nuukue da smeniT swavlulni maxlobelTa vieTganme misTa gamocdilTa sawarmarToYsa filosofosobisaTa.

xolo guauwyebs Guen WeSmaritebismoyuarebasa didisa amis dionosissa wuliladi ganxilvaY aRwerilTa misTaY, viTar marTliad da ucvalebelad moiPsenebs maT Sina si­tyuasa mis Tana zrdilTa kacTasa; raodenni SemouRia `saqmisagn mociqulTa wignisa~, gina Tu mravalsarge­belTa maTgan `ebistoleTa pavle mociqulisaTa~, viTar TKToeulisa maTisa sityuaY martivad da uwualebelad

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mouPsenebies. da kualad ufroYs amaT yovelTasa ars uc­TomelobaY misi SjulTa Sina marTlmadideblobisaTa.

uwyi, viTarmed: moTxrobiTa mosaPsenebelTa maT da ufroYsRa ganvrcelebiTTa sityuaTa jer­iyo Targmane­baY mraval­swavlulebiTTa amaT aRwerilTa misTaY, garna Tav­Tavoanad Sevamokle ganmartebaY, raodeni itevda ga­remoweraY wignisaY da TargmanebaY, ganvhmarten Semdgo­mobani amaT sakiTxavTani, romelnica­ese aw GemTa PelTa mowevnul arian, romelTa gangebulebaY vyav mindobiTa RmrTisa yovlad ZlierTa SemweobaTaYTa.

sacnaur iyavn, viTarmed xuT wignad ganiyofvis erTi ese wigni wmidisa dionisisi, xolo TKTeulsa arian Tavni esoden: [saRmrToTa saxelTaTKs, zecaTa mRdelT­mTavro­bisaTKs], saeklesioYsa mRdel­mTavrobisaTKs, saidumlod RmrTis­metyuelebisaTKs. oTxni ese wignni yovelni ti­moTes mimarT arian. ebistoleni aTni: gaiosis mimarT _ oTxni, doroTes mimarT _ a, sosopatroYs mimarT _ a, polKkarpoYs mimarT _ a, dimofiloYs mimarT _ a, tites mimarT _ a, RmrTimetyuelisa mimarT _ a.

uwyebaY jer­ars, viTarmed, sxuanica aRwerilni wmi­disa dionKsisni moiPsenebian wignsa amas Sina, romelni arRa mowevnul arian Guenda. xolo moiPsenebian esreT: `saxelTaTKs RmrTisaTa~ meoresa Tavsa Sina ityKs: `ese Guen mier sxuaTaca gamoZiebiT gamoGinebul ars samara­disod yovelTaTKs RmrTiv­SuenierTa saxelTa da ara zomierad raYme~ da Semdgomi amisi. da kualad Semdgomad mciredisa ityKs: `ese Guen aw amas Sina mcired da zoge­biT warmogKTquams, xolo sxuaTa adgilTa _ mravlad da kma­sayofelad sityuaTagan gamocxadebulTa~. da Semd­gomad mciredisa meoTxesa Tavsa Sina: ` da raodeni raY sxua Tqumul ars Gem mier TKsebiTa Sina angelozebrTa~. da kualad ityKs: `da raodeni raY sxuaY Tqumul ars Gem mier TqumulTa maT Sina sulisaTKs~. da dasasrullsa amis meoTxisa Tavisasa ityKs, viTarmed: `ese Guen mier Zalisaebr kma­sayofelad iTqumoded TavTa maT Sina sa­marTlisa da saRmrToYsa msjavrisaTKs TqumulTa~. xolo `zecaTa mRdelT­mTavrobisaTKs~ TqumulTa Sina dasas­

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rulsa meSKde Tavisas ityKs: `ese zeSTaoboTni qebis­me­tyuelebani zeSTacaTa gonebaTni, aha, egera, saRmrToTa qebaTa Sina raoden dasatevnel iyo, gangKmartebian~. xolo `saeklesioYsa mRdelT­mTavrobisaTKs~ pirvelsa Tavsa Sina mcired Semdgomad dawyebisa ityKs, viTarmed: `ese Guen mier sacnaurTa da grZnobadTaTKs Tqumulsa Tavca Sina uvrcelesad­re Tqumuli ars~. da kualad Semdgomad mciredisa amasve sakiTxavsa moiPsenebs. xolo `saidum­lod RmrTismetyuelebisa~ Sina dawyebasa mesame Tavisa­sa ityKs, viTarmed: `RmrTismetyuelebiTTa ganwesebaTa Sina usakuTresni warTqumiTisa RmrTismetyuelebisani vigalobeniT da Semdgomad raodenisame kualad ityKs, vi­Tarmed: `saxiereba raodeni raY igalobebis saRmrToTa sityuaTa mier Tqumuli RmrTis­metyuelebiTTa ganwese­baTa Sina~ ese da ese raYme.

amisa [... ... ... ] didisa amis moZRurisaYTa [... ... ... ] wignTa misTagnni ara mowevnul [... ... ... ], viTar­ese ad­gil­adgil Guenda mowevnulTa, arca wignTa Sina iwamebs sityuasa sxKsa mis mier Tqumulisa sakiTxavisasa, romeli amas wignsa Sina ara ipoebis. zemoT daiwera, viTarmed, aTsamet arian Tavni pirvelisa wignisa `saRmrToYsa sa­xelTaTKs~ Tqumulisani. amaT aTsammetTa TavTa Sina pir­veliT TaviTgan vidre meeqused Tavadmde ipoebian asni Tavni, romelTa zanduki aqa aRgKweries.

A 110, gv.1-8; A163, gv. 1-15.

b) `saRmrToTa saxelTaTKs~ anderZi31

kurTxevaY vrcelTa dionisios oxaTa ieroTeTurT aT ZalTa sulisaTa. didebaY da madlobaY dasabamsa da srulmy­ofelsa yovelTa keTilTasa RmerTsa, romlisa wyalobiTa srul iqmna erTi ese xuTTagani wignTa wmidisa dionosi­sTaY, pirveli wigni _ `TargmanebaY saRmrToTa saxelTaY~, meoxebiTa yovlad wmidisa RmrTismSobelisaTaY da wmidisa sKmeon sakKrvelTmoqmedisaYTa da locviTa berTa GuenTa sabaYs da antonisiTa da elisaYsTa (da maT Tanave moRuawe­

31 anderZi sam xelnawerSi gvaqvs daculi: A110(98r), S 159 (gv. 174 da K416 (151v). ix. petre iberieli, 1961, gv. 019.

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biTa da zrunviTa kirile aleqsandrielisaTa + S159­Si) , romelTa PsenebaY da netarebaY saukuno iyavn.

locvaY yavT, qristesmoyuareno, ioanesTKs, saRmr­ToT filasofosisa da Porcielad Rrammatikosisa, ram­eTu locvasave Tana zemoPsenebulTa mamaTa igi iqmna pir, gonebaY da sityua pirutyuTa uugunuresisa efrem mciri­sa, romeli aRviareb, viTarmed ara Tumca igi yofiliyo moZRuar da Zalmwe Gemda, mixedvadca ver vikadrebdi mzis Tualsa amis wignisasa, romelsa Sina Gemi cTomile­baY oden ars. momiteveT da locva yavT.

A 110 98r; S 159, gv. 174.

grigol nazianzelis homiliaTa Targmanebze darTuli kolofonebi

grigol nazianzelis homiliaTa Teqvsmetyviani a) krebulis `Tavisa anderZi~32

bersa kKrikes mcire efrem. rameTu cecxl gamuscem­di saRrtilsa WeSmaritad [... ] moZRuarTa Tana mZov miT saRmrToYsa siyuarulisaYTa vikadrebT g... . . aTl... ... d, adgilTa Sina da wdomiTa aRmavsebeli ege Pe[ ... ]. da damdablebuli mTaTa borcuHbisaY. rquaY Tu, cxad ars, viTarmed swavlad, romeli ara mes[wa]va da cnobad Senda mraval JameuliTa sibrZniTa, brZenTa Soris cxadsa da gamoZiebulsa, mravalT saZiebelsa da friad mciredT sacnobelsa viTarebasa da raodenTa yuavilTagan erTT­golobasa RmrTismetyuHlebisa goleulTasa.

32 SemorGenilia erTaderTi ierusalimuri xelnaweriT (Jer.43,1r-4r). anderZis pirveli publikacia ekuTvnis robert bleiks (r. bleiki, efrem mciris literaturuli moRvaweobidan: `mimomxilveli~, I, tf., 1926, gv. 157­172); ix. agreTve: n. mari, ierusalimis berZnuli sapatriarqos wignTsacavis qarTuli xelnawerebis mokle aRweri­loba, dasabeWdad moamzada e. metrevelma, Tb., 1955, gv. 71­76; T. bregaZe, grigol nazianzelis TxzulebaTa Semcvel qarTul xel­nawerTa aRweriloba Tb., 1988, gv. 147­149.

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amisa qmnaY Senda jer iyo, romelman zeda miwevniT uwyi rabamobaY berZenTa da qarTvelTa enebisaY. da awca, yoveli keTili da jerovani SeniTa locviTa ioxes GuH­nTKs RmrTisa mimarT da wmidaTa misTa, vinaYca momiteve mraval weliwdeuli da vidre amis sityKs smenadmdeca urGebaY, ufroYsRa moSiSebaY, rameTu did sakadrebel iyo Gemda Sesvlad SeuvalTa. ara Tumca Sen mePumie mo­sed da Suamdgomelad, ufroYsRa Pidad wiaRmyvanebelad RmrTisa wyalobiTa mTxreblisa momarT GemTa uRirsebT­aYsa. garna raY u[yo] mabralobelTa or kerZo da mraval [k]erZo ganyofilTa, viTar romelnime Gemisa silaRiT hgoneben meored Targmnisa kadrebasa, xolo romelnime, wmidasa mas abraloben s[... . . ] TargmnisaTKs, romelTa gulsavsebi. [ ... . . ]. regan wesisa vs[ ... ... ] ara viTarca RmrTisa da wmidisa RmrTis [... . ], yovelTa wmidaTa da maTTave Gemdad wmidad g[ ... Se]racxilisa da piriTa aR­sarebulisa mamisa Guenisa efTKmes mierad Semiracxies, raYca raY wmidaTa werilTagani gulisPma miyofies, anu reca miTargmnia, uvarismyofelTa Tana RmrTisaTa iyavn nawili Gemi.

rameTu viTar­ege gamowulilviT uwyis Tquenman dRiTa da madliTa mimPcovnebelman, ara saRramatikoso­Ta, arca safilosofosoTa, aramed Semdgomni Targmanni pirvel damaSuralTa TargmanTa wignebisagan ganviswav­lebiT. da viTarca RmrTisad, egreTve GuenTa uwinares­Tad SevhracxT madlsa mas da maTsa meoxebasa Zalmwed viPumevT, viTarca yovelTa wmidaTasa; amiT ganviswav­lebiT, amiT vTargniTca. ara raoden Gueni RirsebaY iyos, aramed raoden maTman da yovelTa ZmaTa da mamaTa GuHnTa qarTvelTa locvaman moguaniWos; xolo ukueTu maTTa TargmnilTaca Sina raYme vixiloT daSTomilad, anu siswrafisagan, anu dedisa da TargmanTa ver povnisa­gan, anu SemdgomTa gardamwerelTa ganryunisa, mas ara GuHngan, aramed sxuaTa mier saanjmno qmnilsa, Semdgomad sxuaTa mierisa iZulebiT didiTa gamokiTxviTa da mrav­alTa wignTa da moZRuarTa Tana mimoslviTa, SiSiT da ZrwoliT, vikadrebT ganmarTebad; romelnime ukue SuriT

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da PdomiTa, anu viTar­igi vieTme TquHs GemTKs, Tavisa umjobesad gamoGinebisaTKs vqmna, anu miqmnies, ucxomca var cmrTisagan da yovelTa wesTa qristianobisaTa. ram­eTu anbani berZulisa da qarTulisaY maTgan miswavies, Semdgomad RmrTisa, da mieriTgan raYcaRa visgan viswav­lo, mas maTdave Sevhracx, rameTu maTiTa eniTa vzraxav da maTiTa yuriTa mesmis, da maTiTa PeliTa vSurebi da ukueTu maTiTave Gemda datevebuliTa ketebiTa da uroe­biTa maTsa axod gakafulsa da lodovanebisagan yanobir qmnilsa Sina adgil­adgil simaSuraliTa daSTomili maT­da Ziri anu kide aRmovkafo, amas maTsa maTTagan maTdave SevswiravT.

vinaYca eseve ukueTu TKnier Surisa, krZalulebiT gamoZiebiTa da WeSmaritis moyuariTa cnobiTa GemTaca vinme TargmnilTa SeamTxKos ganmarTlebaY SecTomilisaY, ufalman misces sasyideli gulismodginebisaY. mxolod amiTve gulis sityKTa minebs, raYTa meyos, viTar ese me miqmnies da winaSe eseviTarTa ganmxilvelTa, viTar ege ars Tqueni saRmrTod zedamxedvelobaY. garna viTarca sxuaY yoveli umecrebaY, eseca momiteveT, rameTu Tavisa gan­marTebaY ucxo ars wesTagan samonaznoTa, da mozraxvisa amis Gemisa mizezi ars gulsavse yofisa ZmaTaYsa wadier­ebaY, rameTu Tquan, saRmrToYTa suliTa ganbrZnobilTa mamaTa da yovelive cxad ars sulisa wmidisa Tquen Soris mkKdrobiTa ganPdil yoveli bneli umecrebisaY.

amas yovelsa Tana uwyi, rameTu viTar­igi pirvel us­mobisaTKs, egreTve aw dayovnebisaTKs vibralo da nuve mabralobT, rameTu ara viTar vhgoneb equseul, armed mrGobl equseulca iqmnes TuHni Gemisa amaT aTequsmetTa sakiTxavTa Sromisani da mcired warmarT. da daRacaTu Tquen iswrafdiT SiSiTa amier micvalebisaYTa, garna ese niWi RmrTisa, romel jereT PorcTaRa Sina yofasa, Sen PorcT zeSTaYsasa, amaT miiRes aRsasruli, rameTu ar­caRa SesaZlebel iyo garewarad qmnaY amaT adgilTaY, sada sityuaTa SecvalebaY mixudeboda. rameTu raJams cvale­baY mindis sityuaTa, pirvelad TargmniTa gavhmarTi da Targmani arave kma viyav umetesisa gulsavsebisaTKs, ar­

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amed umravlesi maT sityuaTaY weriT antioqs Sevicani da didisa sapatriarqoYsa filosofosTa da mitropolitTa da TKT mier yovelTa ubrZnesisa wmidisa meufisa mier gamoviZie saeWK yovelive.

vinaYca numca ukKrs, ukueTu wmidaY mamaY Gueni efTKme amaTgansa rasme Tana warPda, da siGGoebasa Guenisa naTesav­isasa sZiTa zrdida da mxliTa. xolo aw mis mier aRzrdi­li eri misiTave madliTa mtkicisa sazrdelisa moqene iqmna. da rameTu mas pavlesgan eswava ese da urwyulo­basa Zlierisa amis RmrTismetyuelisa wignisa RKnisasa ganhzavebda wyalTagan sulierTa, raJams sityua­simokle moZRurisaY ganavrcis litonisa erisaTKs, rameTu maSin Gueni naTesavi liton iyo da GGKl misdadmde, amisTKs raYsme TarnmanTaganica wmidisa sityuaTa Sina ganezava.

xolo Sen, Tavadi ege winamZRuari Guen mis mier aRzrdilTaY, mebrve amas wadier iqmen, raYTa zeda dar­Tuli yoveli da Targmanisagan GarTuli dauteo da TKT wmidisa oden sityuani martod vTargmnne. amis pirisaTKs didad daviyovne, da odes ZuHlman wamzidis zepiriT Psovnebisa GuHulebaman, rameTu ZuHli wina ara mdebia, garna daRaTu davweri raYme, romeli ara iyvis dedasa, ar daviconi kulad aPocad da marTlad dawerad.

RmerTman TqueniTa madliTa akurTxen da netar yven suli basili RramatikosisaY da Seundven amis dedisa Gem­da momcemelTa, ucTomelad da gamowulilviT gaemarTa da yovelni dajerebul iqmnnes amas dedasa. xolo aw, aha, TqueniTa locviTa wina dagKc ese. da ZuHlisa misda yo­vlad ara Sexebul varT, da Tquen mier vevedrebi yov­elTa, aw myofTa da momavalTa, raYTa mas pativ scemden, viTarca wmidisa moZRurisasa da amas arave ganagdebden, viTarca arawmidisa da unarGevesisa mowafisasa. igi yov­elTa eklesiaTa zeda ganfenili brwyinavs, xolo ese iSKT vieTsame idvas gulisPmismyofelTaTKs, ese cxad hyofdin sityua­simoklesa da siRrmesa didisa grigoli RmrTisme­tyuelisasa, xolo igi _ sityua sivrcesa da ganaTlebasa wmidisa mamisa Guenisa efTKmessa, rameTu eseca misive ars da aqa uwuliles gamoZiebuli, masve gza uyofies GuHnda.

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xolo ukueTu lomi ver cidamtkavelebr xldeboda kareb­sa filosofosTasa, amas anacvale lomebrivobaY misi da meufebrivobaY krTomisaY, rameTu yoveli mWeli RmrTis­metyuelisaY mas aedva uremsa qarTvelTasa, xolo me mis­Tave sanTliTa PuvilniRa aRmikrebian datKrTvad uremsa missa. da ukueTu vinme ikKrvebdis amaT axal TargmnilTa sityuaTa wignisa uGuHulobasa, anu sxuHobrobasa, anu RmrTismetyuelebisasa sityuaTa mifarulebasa, romeli mas nuukueda erisa armindobisaTKs sxuHbr Seecvala, misTKs me siwmide Seni myavs mowmed da RmerTi, romel ara ras Pelmewifeboda TKsiT guliT darTvad da sxuHbr cvalebad, vidre donanTamdeca. xolo odes ese zedami­wevniT uGuHno, anu Tu naxos, viTarmed berZulsa Sina egreT ars da RmrTismetyuuelsa egreT uTquams, mieriT­gan nuRara me, aramed wignsa eSjodin da RmrTismetyuel­sa amissa gamometyuelsa. da codvaTa simravlisaTKs ver odes ganvimarTleb Tavsa Gemsa, rameTu yovelTa kacTa ucodviles da uuRirses var, da ara GemTa RirsebaTaTKs, aramed berisa sabaYs locvaTaTKs viGine msaxurebasa amas, reca Targmanebisasa, garegan yovlisa Rirsebisa da swav­lulebisa. xolo marTlisa sarwmunoebisaTKs mza var sit­yKs gebad yovelTa gamomeZiebelTa da SevaGueneb yovelsa wvalebasa da winaaRmdgomsa wmidaTa mamaTa da marTlma­didebelTa krebulTa sjulisdebisasa. da esreT mrwams, viTarca qadagebs didi grigol RmrTismetyueli. xolo Tu viTar, anu rasa qadagebs, ese TKT mas hkiTxeT. xolo me marTlmorwmunesa Svilsa Tquen yovelTa kaTolike ek­lesiisasa, caliersa yovelTa keTilTa saqmeTagan, wmidaY locvaY Tqueni mommadleT windad saukunoYsa cxovrebisa da aRmPocelad yovelTa usjuloebaTa, rameTu mebrve amis sasoebisaTKs dameteva tirili Gem uricxuTa bralTaY da amas rasme Seqceul viyav, viTarca TquHn mier mom­lode PsnisaY. SemiwyaleT yovelTa da sasaoebasa Gemsa nu arcxuHnT, raYTa TquHnca hpooT wyalobaY uflisa mier da sufevdiT mis Tana ukuniTamde, amin.

Jer.43 ,1r-4r

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b) grigol nazianzelis homiliaTa Teqvsmetyviani krebulis `boloYsa anderZi~33

didebaY da madlobaY dasabamsa da srulmyofelsa yovelTa keTilTasa, wmidasa samebasa, erTarsebasa, ro­melman srul yvna aTeqsumetni ese saeklesioni sityua­ni didisa grigoli RmrTismetyuelisani meoxebiTa yov­lad wmidisa RmrTismSobelisa da yovelTa wmidaTaYTa da locviTa berisa Guenisa sabaYsiTa, romlisa PsenebaY da netarebaY saukuno iyavn wmidaTa Tana, amin.

locva yavT iovanesTKs xucisa mTavaraYsZisa, romel­man ara dagKSurva TKsi qaRaldi sasurelad da puri sazr­delad TanamdgomiTurT TKsiT, raYTa esreT srul iqmn­nes mravalJameuli iZulebiTi brZanebaY sulierisa mamisa Guenisa berisa kKrike aleqsandrielisaY kualad meored berZulisagan TargmniT amaT sadResasawauloTa sakiTxav­TaYTa, raYTa cxad iqmnes meZiebelTa mier da mayuedrebel­Ta, Tu viTarisa siRrmisa da sityua­mokleobisagan viTa­rad sivrced da ganaTlebad miewines eseni wmidasa mamasa Guensa efTKmes, didisa pavles msgavsad sZiTa mzrdelsa Guenisa siGGoebisasa da esodenad hasakad mimawevnelsa, vidreRa aw umtkicesisa sazrdelisaTKs aRvisurveT, da ukueTu vpoveTca, ese misTa oxaTa da winadamaSuraloba­TaY ars, romelsa vxadi sasaod Gemda da yovelTa morwmu­neTa da Tquen yovelTa sulierTa SvilTa misTa, rameTu GemTa ufalTa da mamaTa locviTa viTxov RmrTisagan aPo­casa wmidaTa bralTa da uSjuloebaTa GemTa, amen.

gevedrebi kualadca qristes mcnebisaTKs yovelTa lmobiT qmnilisa ulmobelad mimsTulebelTa, raYTa usa­

33 Senaxuli erTaderT ierusalimur xelnawerSia (Jer. 13, 249r). pirveli publikacia ekuTvnis robert bleiks, (r. bleiki, efrem mciris literaturuli moRvaweobidan: `mimomxilveli~, I, tf., 1926, gv. 171­172); ix. agreTve: n. mari, ierusalimis berZnuli sapa­triarqos wignTsacavis qarTuli xelnawerebis mokle aRweriloba, dasabeWdad moamzada e. metrevelma, Tb., 1955, gv. 22­23; T. bregaZe, grigol nazianzelis TxzulebaTa Semcvel qarTul xelnawerTa aR­weriloba Tb., 1988, gv. 163.

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syidlod locvasa momiPsenoT mraval salmobierad mkKdri jojoxeTisaY, yovlad ubadruki mcire efrem. SemiwyaleT, wmidano, SemiwyaleT da sasaoebasa Gemsa nu arcxuHnT.

Jer.13 , 250r.

g) grigol nazianzelis calkeul Txzulebebze darTuli anderZebi

ivlianes II gansaqiqebeli sityvis (or.5) anderZi34

dideba RmerTsa yovlisave srulmyofelsa, rameTu aha, meoreca ganqiqeba ivlianesi srul iqmna pirvelisave Tana didisa daviT tbelisa miersa, mcirisa efremis mier Targmnili berZulisagan. xolo ubolood datevebisaTKs nuvis usrulica hgonies, rameTu berZulad esreT ars Tqumuli wmidisa, ara litonad, arca sxuaTa aRmwer­elTaebr, aramed, viTar igi aTormet arian Pelovnebani berZenTa swavlulebisani da TiToeuli aRmwereli miT saxiTa aRmwerelobs, raYca Pelovneba eswavaos aTormet­Ta maTgan: . Rramatikosoba, gina filolsofosoba, ri­toroba anu mkurnaloba, musikeloba anu quHynis­mzome­loba, varskulavT­mricxveloba anu nivTT­metyuH/leba, PelovnebaTa saqme anu wesi brZolisa.

aramed wmida ese da didi RmrTismetyuHli, viTar­ca amiT yovliTa sruliad swavluli, yovliTave amiT Seamkobs TqmulTa TKsTa, amisTKs sxKsa Pelovnebisa ars daboloeba da sxKsa _ aradaboloeba. vinaYca me, vinaYT­gan oqsinoY ara maqunda saolavad skaramangisa, flasiTa ver davolevdi, aramed Sedarebulad berZulisa uboloo ubolood da daboloebuli daboloebulad miTargmnia. arca sxKsa sakiTxavisa bolo Gemisa bolod damiZs, aramed ukueTu aw TargmnilTa bolo sxuaTada visme miexveWis, igi TKssave adgilsa kvalad migia, SemindeviT kadniere­

bisaTKs. "

34 daculia erTaderT nusxaSi A292, 218v. ix. T. bregaZe, grigol na­zianzelis TxzulebaTa Semcvel qarTul xelnawerTa aRweriloba Tb., 1988, gv. 171.

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A292, 215vgrigol nazianzelis homiliis `mimwodebelTa mimarT da

aradamTxueulTa~(or.3) anderZi35

sacnaur iyavn, viTarmed ese sakiTxavi qarTulsa Sina ars da esreT iwyebs: `rasaTKs, Zmano Gemno, udeb iqmeniT. ~ ese Tavad dauZs da simcroYsaTKs amisisa "viZlie" Tana daurTavs. ukanaYs kula "viZlie" kideganad uTargmnia, romlisaTKsca amaT yuHdrebaTa da sxKsa sakiTxavisa sxKsa TanamokrebaTa aRhsZrnes sxuani iZulebad da mZlavrebad GuHnda, didsa mas kadnierebasa meored Targmnisasa, ra­meTu sigrZisagan JamTasa ara viciT, Tu mweralTagan Seh­xuda, anu TKT wmidasa mamasa GuHnsa evTimis dedaY ese­guar mihxuda, anu TKT raYme gangebulebiT hyo, viTar mas Jamsa Sehguanda. xolo aw, viTar­igi uwyis Tavadman WeSmaritebaman, piruHlobisa Gemisa mravalTagan saanjm­no qmnilsa guayuHdrebdes berZenni, da maTTa yuHdre­baTagan berman kirile (kKrike) aleqsandrielman mraval­Ta welTa mmZlavra da kadnier myo me, axlad Targmnad aTeqvsmetTa sadResasawauloTa, da amas erTsa apori­taTagansa, romelni ese ars qarTulisa SuHnebiTa, ara­med berZulisa SedarebiTa gvaqmnevs. rameTu qarTulad SuHnieri TKT ars da eseca da igica Semdgomad uflisa mamisa evTimis madlisa da winadamaSuralobisa ars. da igi zogire uSversagoneblobaY uGvevelobisa ars. xolo aTcxrametni igi aporitaTagan, pirvel Gemganve Targm­nilni sityuadarTviT da misive mamisa da moZRurisa kvalsa SedgomiTa iTargmnnes Gemgan, TKTnier amiT, xolo ganyofilad maTgan, romel arca sxKsa sakiTxavisa sxuasa GavrTo, arca jerGinebiT da nebsiT uTargmneli sityua davagdo mindobiTa RmrTisa wyalobiTa da misive mamisa evTimis oxiTa da winadamaSuralobaTaTa. momiteveT da locua hyavT.

A 292 , 279v

35 daculia erTaderT nusxaSi A292, 282v. ix. T. bregaZe, grigol na­zianzelis TxzulebaTa Semcvel qarTul xelnawerTa aRweriloba Tb., 1988, gv. 174.

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g) grigol nazianzelis homiliis `evnomianosTa mimarT da RmrTismetyvelebisaTKs winaganbWoba~ (or.27) anderZi36

locva hyavT, wmidano da qristes moyuareno, efre­misTKs Targmanisa, romlisa mier meored iTargmna ese sakiTxavi, rameTu netarisa grigori uSkelisa mier som­xuridan Targmnili, ese oden vhpove. xolo me, somxuri­sa wil berZulisagan kualad meored viiZule Targmnad, rameTu somexisa SKlsa, berZenissa SKlisSKlsaRa, nu ukve da ara ueWvelsa, TKT ueWK da sakuTari SKli aRvirGive. SemindeviT cTomisaTKsca da kadrebisa. "

A 292, 312 r

d) anderZ-bolosityvaoba nazianzelis TxzulebaTa sruli korpusis Targmnis dasrulebis gamo37

dideba Senda, wmidao samebao, bunebiT erTo, xolo guamiT samo, Seurwymelad SeerTebulo da ganuyofelad ganyofilo, romelman jer­iGine meoxebiTa yovlad wmi­disa RmrTismSobelisa da yovelTa wmidaTa Tana da ma­Tisa mis ziarisa samkaulisa grigori RmrTismetyuelisa wyaroYsaTa da locKTa berTa GemTa sabas da antonisiTa momadlebad Gem uRirisisa da yovlad umsgavsosa monisa maTisa efrem mcirisa, raTa, viTarca ZaRlman movloko nabiWevisagan dacKnebulisa wmidaTa maT pirTagan evTimi mTawmidelisa da daviT tbelis neSti sakiTxavTa. amaT, romelni akldes ergasisTa, wmidisa grigori RmrTisme­tyuHlisasa da aw ars momadlebiTa SeniTa qarTuladca unaklulo ricxK sakiTxavTa misTa, viTar­igi berZulad da yovelive berZulisagan, da yovelive maTiTa madli­Ta, romelni piruHl daSures TargmanebiTa da kualad amaTiTa madliTa, romelni aw daSures mlocvelobiTa da kadnierebiT iTxoves RmrTisagan aRtyiveba pirutyvT

36 daculia erTaderT nusxaSi A292, 312r. ix. T. bregaZe, grigol na­zianzelis TxzulebaTa Semcvel qarTul xelnawerTa aRweriloba Tb., 1988, gv. 175.

37 daculia erTaderT nusxaSi A292, 331r. ix. T. bregaZe, grigol na­zianzelis TxzulebaTa Semcvel qarTul xelnawerTa aRweriloba Tb., 1988, gv. 182.

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saxisa amis cnobisa, romel arcaRaTu STaWuretad Rirs viyav simaRlesa amaT sityuaTasa. me, ukue Zalisaebr Gemisa, meoxebasave Tana maTsa Zalisaebri moswrafeba damiZs araraYsa sxKsaTKs, aramed berZulisa SedarebisaTKs, ara Tavisa Gemisa mindobiTa, aramed kiTxviTa da gamokiTxviTa kacTa brZenTa da su­lierTa. xolo ukueTu raYme uneblieT cTomil var misi, pirvelad RvTisagan miTxoveT Sendoba da Semdgomad mis­sa TquHn momiteveT, romelni ikiTxvideT, gina hswerdeT, gina kiTxvasa amaTsa ismsendeT, wmidano RmrTisano, da hsTquT wmidiTa piriTa TquHniTa aRPocaY uricxvebisa codvaTa da usjuloebaTa GemTasa, raYTa TquHnca povoT wyaloba uflisa mier uflebaTasa, romlisa mier saukuno iyavn PsenebaY pirvelmoPsenebulTa mamaTa GuHnTa, amin".

A292, 329 r-v

mosaPsenebeli mcire sKmeonisaTKs loRoTetisa da TxrobaY mizezTa amaT sakiTxavTa TargmnisaTa38

sKmeon magistrosi da loRoTeti iyo JamTa keTi­lad­msaxurisa mefisa basilisTa, romeli iyi saydris mpy­robeli berZenTaY uwinares konstantinissa, Zmisa misi­sa, romlisa dReTa brwyinvida keTilad­moPsenebuli ese sKmeon loRoTeti, kaci yovelTa sawarmarToYTa da gare­SiTa sibrZniTa sruliad ganswavluli da egreve Sinagan­Ta amaT da GuenTa saeklesioTa wignTa ZuHlisa da axlisa sjulTa moswrafebiT wurTili, amas yovelTa Tana da su­lierTaca saTnoebaTa moqmedebasa Sina keTilad gamoc­dili, romlisaTKsca vedrebaY friadi iqmna missa mimarT yovelTa mier morwmuneTa erisa, raYTa viTarca saRmr­ToYTa da kacobrivTa sibrZiTa aRsavseman da xedvisa da saqmisa moRuaweman, Pel­yos ganSuHnebiT wamebasa wmidaTa

38 teqsti daculia A90 (gv. 310­314) da K4 (576­579) nusxebSi. pirveli publikacia ekuTvnis k. kekeliZes (Ê. Êåêåëèäçå, Ñèìåîí Ìåòàôðàñò ïî ãðóçèíñêèì èñòî÷íèêàì: etiudebi Zveli qarTuli literaturis istoriidan, t. V, Tb., 1957, gv. 223­226.

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mowameTasa da cxorebasa wmidaTa mamaTa da mRdel­moZ­RuarTasa, romelni­igi maSin, viTarca Jami miscemda, Tx­robisa saxed oden aRiwernes TiToeulisa wmidaTaganisa Tanadaxudomilisa visganme da ara xolo litonobasa da simartivesa Sina daSTes, aramed romelnime maTganni ga­niryunesca kacTa mier borotTa da mwvalebelTa, romel­Ta drkuni igi sityuani maTni TanaSehrines litonobas mas Txrobisasa da cruYTa miT marTalica SeamrRKes da saeWuHl yves.

vinaYca yovlad brZenman aman miiTuala sityuaY mai­ZulebelTa misTaY da gulsmodgined Pel­yo saqmesa mas da wina daidva `ZuHli igi mowameTaY~, romelsa `kimen~ uwodian, ese igi ars `mdebare~ da Secvala metafrasad. pirvelad Seamko uSuHrebaY sityKsaY, xolo ara egreT, vi­Tarmca sxuaY Zali SemoeRo, aramed igive Zali pirvelad aRwerilisa sityKsaY Seamko da aRwera ubrwyinvalesad. da kualad Semkobasa Tana uSuerisasa iRuawa sruliad gangdebaY sityKsa saeWuHlisaY da mwvalebelTa mier Se­ZinebulisaY. da orni ese didni Sematebani miscna wamebasa wmidaTasa, rameTu ifqli ganwmedil­yo RuarZlisagan da yovlad Suenierad Secvalna uSeHrebisagan.

xolo wmidaTa mociqulTa vinaYTgan WeSmaritebiT momTxrobeli cxorebaY sruliad dafarul iyo da maT wil iWuneuliTa da sruliad gandrekilTa da mimoslvi­sa maTisa mauwyebeliTa sakiTxavebiTa eklesiaY aRvsebul iyo, amisTKsca mwvalebelTa mier gandrekilad aRwerilni igi mimoslvani ganyarna da TKT TaviT TKsiT `saeklle­sioTa TxrobaTagan~ da `xronoRrafTa~ mcired­mciredi sakiTxavebi Seqmna da `mosaPsenebel~ uwoda. da aRirGia yovelive ueWuHli da WeSmariti, daRacaTu mcire iyvis. vinaYca aw Guenda ara saPmar ars sityuaY SewyobilebisaTKs sityKsa da Zalisa arave datevebisave Tana, ara gavrce­lebisaTKs Tqmulisa, keTilad PumevisaTKs saqmiTTa da xedviTa sityuaTaYsa da ritorebrivTa maT gangrZobaTa da filosofosebrivTa maT SemkobilebaTaYsa, rameTu ese yoveli winamdebare ars saxilvelad gonierTa da arad saZiebel ugunurTa da uswavlelTa.

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xolo ese sacnaur iyavn, viTarmed: yovelnive weril­ni mis mier gankarfulni, sruliad ucTomel arian da Se­wynarebul yovelTa mier eklesiaTa, ara xolo sibrZniTa da mecnierebiTa kacTa brZenTa wamebulni, aramed GuHne­biTaca da uwyebiTa RmrTisa mieriTa damtkicebulni. Tu viTar anu rabam miTualul ars mis mier muSakobaY kacisa amis, amisTKsca Guen mizezi GuHnebisaY da TKT GuHnebaYca igi aqa moviPsenoT da ganucxadoT yovelTa.

pirvelPsenebulman didman mefeman basili, romlisa JamTa meequsisa wlisaTa ese yovlad­qebuli sKmeon ga­moGinebul iqmna aRmwerelad saxelovnad, daayena wignebi amisi kiTxvad eklesias Sina ara Tu sjulisa saRmrToY­saTKs, armed guliswyromisa midevnebisaTKs. xolo mizezi giliswyromosa misisaY ese iyo: rameTu ikiTxvides odesme eklesias Sina cxorebasa netarisa Teoktiste lezveli­sasa. da viTarca movides sityuasa mas, romeli weril ars TaviT kerZo sakiTxavisa mis, viTarmed: `warvline­bul viyav morwmunisa mefisa leonisgan, romelman yove­li ganmarjuHbulebaY berZenTa mefobisaY saflavsa TKssa TanaSTahfla~, _ esma ese mefesa da ganrisxna risxviTa daupyrobeliTa da egulva cecxliTa dawuvaY aRwerilTa sKmeon loRoTetisagan. da vidremdis cocxal iyo igi, dafarulad da uGinod epyra wignebi igi da saxlebsa Sina xolo ikiTxvides maT mecnierni da trfialni SuHniere­bisa maTisani. xolo Semdgomad raodenisame Jamisa, ra­Jams aResrulnes pirvelad sKmeon, ganmkazmveli wignTaY, da Semdgomad missa mefeca basili, damayenebeli kiTxvisa maTisaY, ixila GuHnebaY kacman vinme patoisanman cxorebi­Ta da saTnoman moqalaqobiTa, romeli iyo sameufosa qa­laqsa Sina ganwesebul saeklesioTa mwyobrTa Tana, reca viTarmca xedvida Tavsa TKssa sameufisa palatsa Sina; da mas Sina myofisa mier mefisa iqmna mowodebaY yovelTa winamZRuarTa eklesiisaTaY didad ganTqmulTa moZRure­biTa, romelTa xedvida kaci igi da TiToeulsa TKsisa sa­xisagan icnobda. xolo Pmasa mas mwodeblisa maTisas sme­niT oden gulisPma­yofda. da xedvida, rameTu pirvelad yovelTa didi basili Seyvanebul iqmna da etKrTnes qar­

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tani aRwerilTa TKsTani da Semdgomad missa _ grigoli RmrTismetyuHli aRweriliT wignebiTurT misiT da mis Tana _ ioane oqropiri wignebiTurT TKsiT. da viTarca Seyvanebul iqmnnes samni igi, isma kualad PmaY, romeli ityoda: `mouwodeT Gemda sKmeons!~ da ixila kacman man, rameTu Sevida sKmeon loRoTeti da etKrTnnes wignni aR­werilTa TKsTagani. da egreT Sevida igi meoTxed Semdgo­mad samTa maT wmidaTa mamaTa. da mxilveli igi GuHnebisaY myis gankrTa Zilisagan da mouTxra GuHnebaY patriarq­sa da yovelsa savsebas eklesiisasa. xolo maT vinaYTgan saqmeTa mier sarwmunod aqunda metyuHli igi sityuaTa maT GuHnebisaTaY, irwmunes misi igi GuHnebaY da gulisPma­yves, viTarmed ararad sxuad gangebul iqmna TKnier, raYTa jerovnad Sewynarebul iqmnen aRwerilni wignni sKmeonis mier loRoTetisa. da mieriTgan ganhfinnes yovelTa ek­lesiaTa da vidre moaqamde sazepurod ikiTxvebis yovel­Ta Sina saberZneTisa eklesiaTa, romlisa mier wmidani Seimkvebian da gulni morwmuneTani ganmxiaruldebian, sa­syideli muSakobisa mis aRorZindebis da zogad yovelTa sasyidlis momcemeli RmerTi ididebis. ese ars mizezi, romlisa mier loRoTeti wignTa aRmwrel iqmna da did­Ta amaT keTilTa mkKdrTa saberZneTisaTa momatyuHbel eqmna.

xolo GuHn qarTvelTa Soris ZuHlni igi mowameTa­ni iyunes, romelni igive aqamomdeca arian. da kualad amis axlisa mowameTaYsaganca iTargmnnes mciredni, viTar igi ars: wmidisa artemisi da kritelTaY da elevTerisi, romelni uTargmnian wmidasa mamasa Guensa daviT tbelsa; da wmidaTa giorgisi da Teodoresi da saswauli wmidi­sa Teodoresi uTargmnia Rirssa netarebisasa giorgis mTawmidelsa. egreTve sanatrelsa stefanes sananoYsZesa uTargmnia sakiTxavi daujdomelTaY da cxorebaY Teok­tiste lezvelisaY da sxuanica. xolo moZRuarsa mas da Guen yovelTa mamasa efTKmis loRoTetis SekazmulTagan klementosi oden uTargmnia da wmidisa prokopisi, rame­Tu sxuaTa wignTagan ucalo iyo, romelTa mier friad ganamdidra naTesavi Gueni.

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amaT wmidaTa Tana mamaTa madliTa da kadnierad RmrTisa mimarT meoxebiTa da locviTa berisa Gemisa sa­baYsiTa meca, sawyalobeli da uRirsi saxisaY da saxelisaY efrem, mcire da undoY monazoni, Rirsm­yo da ara gare­mimaqcia wyalobaauracxelman RmerTman meoxebiTa mSobe­lisa misisaYTa da yovelTa wmidaTaYTa moslvad ferPTa Tana zemoPsenebulisa berisa saba Tuxarelisa, sulaYs ZisaTa, romelman qristes mimsgavsebulisa saxierebiTa mitKrTa Jamsa siucbisa da siWabukisa Gemisas da sxuaTa­ve qvelismoqmedebaTa Tana eseca aGuHna Gem zeda, romel berZulisaTa wignTa kiTxvisa swavlaY iRuawa GemTKs ad­gilsa Sina jerovnad momzavebulsa, romel ars monaste­ri wmidisa sKmen sakKrvelTmoqmedisaY, romlisa meoxebi­Ta da farviTa dedisa misisa marTaYsaYTa viswave raYme, daRacaTu ara Semsgavsebulad RuawlTa da warsagebelTa wmidisa mis berisaTa, aramed friad umetesi Zalisa da moswrafebisa GemisaY. da masve Jamsa brZanebiTave da war­sagebeliTa misiTa vTargmnen ese raodennime sakiTxavni loRoTetisa metafrasTagan, romelTa Sina ukueTu raYme ipovebis jerovani, RmrTisaY ars madli ege da wmidaTa amaT zemoPsenebulTa mamaTa GuenTaY da upirates maT yo­velTa berisa sabaYsi, romeli meqmna yovlad yovliTurT sityKTa da saqmiTa, locviTa da brZanebiTa da Porcie­lisaca saPmrisa friad wargebiTa, amas yovelsa Tana da upirates yovelsa TanadadginebiTa da saTnoYsa mowafisa misisa da mamisa Gemisa efrem didisa oSkelisaYTa, rome­li igi mecnier iyo kiTxvasa da gagonebasa berZulisas da kiTilad swavlul qarTulTa sityuaTa Sewyobile­basa, da amiT orTave orkerZo hmsaxurebda da ganagebda naklulevanebas Gemsa. da raYTa mokled vTqu, yovelive keTili, RmrTisa mier Gem zeda momavali, berisa sabaY­si ars. sasyidelica RmrTisa mier masve aqundin. xolo naklullevanebisa da usrulebis mizez aravin ars sxuaY, TKnier uRirsebaY Gemi da tKrTi bralTaY da arasimdable gonebisaY, romeli, ukueTumca igi xoli oden maqunda, kma iyo aRmavsebelad yovlisa naklulevanebisa.

aw ukue vevedrebi siwmidesa Tquensa, romelnica miem­

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TxKvneT wmidasa amas wignsa, locvas hyofdiT berisa sa­baYsTKs, romeli iyo maqmneveli da mbrZanebeli saqmisaY da mis Tanave bralTa Sendobasa uTxovdiT efrems didsa, romeli iyo mmarTebeli da gamgebeli naklulevanebisaY. he, gevedrebi, numca PuHbul arian igini sasoebisagan! ra­meTu friad daSures igini wignisa amisTKs, romelTa mier miecin ufalman povnad wyalobaY dResa mas gankiTxvisasa, amin.

xolo me viTar vikadro TxovaY sasyidlisaY, romelsa araraY miZRKs saqme muSakobisaY, garna Tu mowled Seu­vrdi Tquensa saxierebasa, raYTa usasyidlod wyalibaY hyoT GemTKs da motevebasave Tana cTomilisasa iTxovoT warPdaY sasjelisa kadnierebisasa da kualad TanawarPdi­sa Tana locvisa moniWebad gansrulebasa naklulevanebi­sasa. da ese Tu hyoT, mogces ufalman wyalobaY uflisa mier, ese igi ars, mamaman Zisa mier momadlebiTa Tquenda sulisa wmidisaYTa, raYTa iyvneT qadag samobasa guamTasa da erTobasa RmrTeebisasa, missa didebaY aw da yovelTa saukuneTa mimarT ukunisamde, amin!

A 90,310-314; K4,576-579

S 384 xelnaweris anderZebi:

`ioane oqropiris cxovrebis~ anderZia) 39

didebaY Senda, RmerTo maRalo, yovelTa keTilTao dasabamo da srulmyofelo yovelTa arsTao, samguam­ovnebiT da erTarsebiT cnobilo samebao, romelman jer­iGine srulyofad cxorebas iovane namdKlve WeSmariti­sa mwyemsisa mwyemsTa da usrulesisa moZRuarTa Soris, romeli­igi daRacaTu oqrovanad saxel­idebis, aramed esoden upatiosnes missa ars, raoden­igi ver egoden

39 pirveli publikacia ekuTvnis T. Jordanis (Jordania, qronikebi da sxva masala saqarTvelos istoriisa da mwerlobisa, Sekrebili, qronologiurad dawyobili da axsnili T. Jordanias mier, wigni I, tf., 1892, gv. 221­222. meore gamocema, Tb., 2004); ix. agreTve: qarTul xelnawerTa aRweriloba S I, gv. 462; n. goguaZe, 1986, gv. 307­308.

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TiPisa da mwKrisa, romlisa meoxebiTa da locviTa berTa GuenTaYTa sabaYs da antonisiTa awca iTargmna ese axlad berZulisagan metafrasisa yovlad wadierebiTa da mxu­rvaled surviliTa gabriel stefanes xucisa Wulevel­isaYTa, romelman umetes zomisa aiZula pirutyuTsaxe ese gonebaY Gemi yovlad mcirisa da reca unarGevesisa raYsme TargmanTaYsa efremisi da kadnier myo sxuaTave Tana amisda Targmnad da kadrebad. ukueTu raYme keTil ars, igi RmrTisaY da zemiPsenebulTa amaT locvisa da madlisaY, xolo naklulevanebaY yoveli Gemi ars da uR­irsisa amis bralTa mier ganfrdilisa gonebisaY.

gevedrebi ukue yovelTa mkiTxvellTa da msmenelTa, raYTa locva­hyofdeT pirvel moPsenebulTa maT mamaTa GuenTa, moZRuarTa da mSobelTa, ZmaTa da SvilTa maTTKs. xolo me yovelive cTomilebaY saxierebiT momiteveT da TquT wmidiTa piriTa TqueniTa aRPocaY codvaTa da uSju­loebaTa GemTaY, raYTa Tquenca hpooT madli mowyalebisa Gemisa RmrTisa mier mravalmowyalisa. amin. S384, 121r.

b) `dimitri Tesalonikelis wamebis~ anderZi40

gevedrebi yovelTa, romelnica miemTxKneT wamebasa amas, raYTa uwyebul iyvneT, viTarmed ara Tu amisTKs daweril ars, viTarca umetessa rasme metyueli pir­velisasa, garna rameTu yovelTave amaT didTa mowame­Ta or­ori aqus wamebaY _ uZuelesi da uaxlesi, araTu umrudesi da umarTlesi, aramed ucxadesi da uRrmesi, egreTve aqunden amasca meore ese pirvelisa Tana, rameTu ese berZenTaca esreT aqus, raYca romelica vis sTndes, mas ikiTxvides. S384, gv. 488.

40 pirveli publikacia ekuTvnis T. Jordanis (Jordania, qronikebi da sxva masala saqarTvelos istoriisa da mwerlobisa, Sekrebili, qronologiurad dawyobili da axsnili T. Jordanias mier, wigni I, tf., 1892, gv. 239. meore gamocema, Tb., 2004); ix. agreTve: qarTul xelnawerTa aRweriloba S I, gv. 465.

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g) `mina megKptelis cxovrebis~ anderZi41

wmidano mamano! ese wmidisa minaYs wameba iyo Zuelad­ca Targmnili kimenisagan, rameTu esreT ewodebis pir­vel litonad aRwerilsa wignsa mowameTasa, xolo aw ese iTargmna axlad metafrasisgan brZanebiTa kaliposelTa winamZRurisa basilisiTa, rameTu mas uPmda mina wmidi­saTKs da ese irGia loRoTetisa sKmeonisa Sekazmulisa mowameTaYsagan, romelsa metafras ewodebis. SegvindeviT da locva yavT. S384, gv. 643.

d)`grigol sakvirvelmoqmedis cxovrebis~ anderZi42

locva yavT, wmidano RmrTisano, romelnica miemTx­KneT aRwerilsa amis grigol noselis `cxorebasa didisa grigoli sakvirvelTmoqmedisasa~, romeli daiwera berZu­lisagan qarTulad moswrafebiTa mRdlisa gabrielisiTa da PeliTa yovlad uRirsis efremisiTa, xolo brZanebiTa zogadisa mamisa Guenisa berisa sabaYsiTa, romlisa iyavn saukuno saPsenebeli da kurTxevaY misi, amen, iyavn.

xolo ese sacnaur iyavn, viTarmed cxorebaY amis wmidasaY, romel Guen Zuelad guqonda, sxuaY ars da ese grigol noselisa Tqumuli sxuaY ars. eseca guasmioda, viTarmed [gangebulsave Tana] noselisa wignisas eseca sa­kiTxavi uTargmnia mamasa Guensa giorgi mTawmidelsa, gar­na Guen jereT ara guaxlavs, arca Savsa mTasa mowevnul iyo. amisTKs iZulebiTa mRdelisa gabrielisiTa vTargm­ne, viTarca ara momlodeman mis wignisa aqa mowevnisaman sihavisagan JamTaYsa da udebebisagan gonebaTaYsa; da ese davwere, raYTa ukueTu odesme moiwios, ara hgonoT Tu kadnierebiT vyav TargmnaY Targmnilisa didisa moZRuri­sa da eklesiisa mnaTobisaY, romlisa umjobesi nuukue da

41 pirveli publikacia ekuTvnis T. Jordanis (Jordania, qronikebi, wigni I, tf., 1892, gv. 222. meore gamocema, Tb., 2004); ix. agreTve: qarTul xelnawerTa aRweriloba S I, gv. 467.

42 pirveli publikacia ekuTvnis T. Jordanis (Jordania, qronikebi, wigni I, tf., 1892, gv. 224. meore gamocema, Tb., 2004); ix. agreTve: qarTul xelnawerTa aRweriloba S I, gv. 468.

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arca Tu upiratesisa misisa da zogadisa mamisa Guenisa efTKmesagan sagonebel iyo meored TargmnaY, vinaYca iyavn saukune PsenebaY da kurTxevaY maTi, amen. S384, gv. 728.

S 1276 xelnaweris anderZebi

a) `ioane damaskelis cxovrebis~ anderZi43

locva yavT, qristesmoyuareno, ioanesTKs mRdelisa da monazonisa, romlisa brZanebiTa me, uRirsman efrem mcireman, vTargmne berZulisagan mcire ese cxorebaY didisa iovane damaskelisaY, awRa, GuenTa JamTa, surviliT aRwerili miqaelisagan xucisa sKmeonwmidelisa samadlo­belad tyueobisagan Psnisa misisa, rameTu dekenbersa erT­sa SemosrulTa TurqTa sulimaneTTa amas dResa daipyres qalaqi da mTiT Gamosxes eri dResaswaulsa amis iovane damaskelisa. oTxsave misve dekembersa, romelTa Tana uvnebelad daculsa mas zemoPsenebulsa miqael xucessa, sKmeon wmidas Zmasa da maSin qalaqs daxudomilsa aRewera ese sakiTxavi arabulsa enasa zeda, vinaYca­igi berZenTa enad gamoTargmna da Seamko samoel wmidaman mitropolit adanelman, romeli­ese aw qarTuladca iTargmna locviTa berTa sabaYsa da antonisiTa, brZanebiTa da saPmariTa io­ane zemoPsenebulisa da kKrikes xucad SeswavebulisaYTa,

ufalman miecin madli Sromisa da warsageblisaY, amin. S1276, 56 r

b) anderZ-minaweri grigol noselis `sityuaY SobisaTKs da GGKlTaTKs beTlems mowyuedilTas~Targamanze

ufalo, Seiwyale mRdeli iovane, mbrZanebeli Guenda amaT sakiTxavTa TargmnisaY. S1276, 80 v.

43 daculia sam xelnawerSi S1276,56r; Jer.38,16r da Sin 91 gamocemulia k. kekeliZis mier (etiudebi Zveli qarTuli literaturis istorii­dan, t. VII, gv. 136­177); ix. agreTve, e. metreveli, 1959; S I. gv. 137).

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g) anderZ-minaweri sofron ierusalimelis `grigol RmrTis-metyvelis Sesxmis~ Targmanze

ufalo, miec madli mamasa iovanes mRdelsa, mbrZanebelsa amissa Targmanebisasa da me wmidaY locvaY

misi. S1276, 115 v

d) anderZ-minaweri epifane kKprelis sakiTxavis `mucladReb-isaTvis annaYsas~Targmanze

SemindeviT, sxuaY sakiTxavi mucladRebisaY ver vpoe, romelimca meTargmna. ese me efTKmis Targmnilad

Semomatyues, ga[rna] mgonia T~e mrekalsa ubrZanebia. S1276, 56r

ioane damaskelis RvTismSoblis Sobis sakiTxavze darTuli anderZi

locva yavT, qristesmoyuareno, iovanesTKs kKrikes xucisa, romlisa brZanebiTa da warsagebliTa iTargmna sakiTxavi ese efremisagan mcirisa.

Jer.38, 12 r

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Ephrem Mtsire`s Colophons

The translations made by a well-known scholar of the eleventh century, Ephrem Mtsire (Ephrem The Minor), belong to a special period in Georgian translatory history. He lived in the period when Georgians were particularly interested in Byzantine cultural heritage and Hellenistic ideology.

Ephrem Mtsire was a new type of translator. He tried to capture the depth and accuracy of the originals into his translations. This was achieved by means of the exact translation of the original Greek text as well as his commentaries as translator attached to it. Ephrem is a follower of the tradi-tions of the Athonite School of translation but takes them to an even higher level.

As seen from his colophons, forewords and wills as well as from nu-merous commentaries, Ephrem reveals a considerable philological interest and stands out not only as a translator but also as a scholar-philologist who is well aware of the philological methodology of a critical analysis of a text. His interests embrace a number of philological issues (grammar, lexicology, the history of literature and literary theory). At the same time Ephrem acts as a historian describing a number of issues important for Georgian culture.

The study of Ephrem Mtsire’s colophons makes it possible to highlight one important feature of his translations. Unlike the short colophons of pre-ceding translators he attaches to his translations forewords, after-words and explanations containing a large amount of information which distinctly re-veals his original and diverse philological interests.

Ephrem is not only a translator but also a commentator of Byzantine literary works. He attached his commentaries only to his own translations in order to facilitate the perception and understanding of a Greek text, and explain difficulties arising during the process of translation.

All of the remarks attached to the translations are classed as commen-taries by the translator himself. These are of several types: a) fore-words, b) after-words c) commentaries written on the margins of manuscripts and d) explanations inserted in the text of the original work.

The study of the commentaries enabled us to specify the meaning of several paleographic terms connected with the translatory work of Ephrem Mtsire. Obviously,

the Georgian scholars of the eleventh century used the word ”pativi” in the meaning of “edge” which meant four margins of the manuscript left spe-cially for the commentaries by the translators. Besides, the terms “motxvitad tsera” (writing on four sides) and “garemotsera” (writing around the manu-script) which oppose the term “martlgantskobit tsera” and present a special style of copying, were also specified . It is obvious that Ephrem Mtsire dis-

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tinguishes between long translations written in an “ordinary” style which is classed as “targmani” (a interpretation), and the catena written in “motxvitad natseri” (commentaries written on the four margins of the manuscript) classed as “targmanianebi” (such as “pavle targmaniani”). A different meaning is given to the term “sheistsave” which does not mean a verbal commentary of a translator but denotes a translation of a Greek version of a margin sign.

The principle adopted by Ephrem Mtsire while commenting on the translations is worth noting as well. From the point of view of the function of the commentary he uses two types of commentary: a) an “obvious” com-mentary used to single out a definite extract visually and b) a verbal com-mentary of the translator or a footnote, which explains a definite extract of a text from some point of view. Marginal signs which he copied form Greek originals have different functions as well. Verbal commentaries are different from the point of view of construction. They reveal three main features of the commentaries, “romelits gadmoitargmenbis” (which is translated), ‘ese igi ars” (it means) and “sheistave” (atention). Thematically, seven groups can be identified: theological-philosophical, philological, grammatical, lexicologi-cal, mythological, technical and literary critical. Forewords and after-words which are inevitable components of the scientific apparatus of the translator are considered to be one of the types of Ephrem Mtsire’s commentaries.

Like the preceding translators, Ephrem Mtsire places the translation af-ter the original work However, the majority of his works have fore-words and after-words (up to 30 items) which can be considered to be scholarly, philological works.

While studying the manuscripts containing translations by Ephrem Mtsire we added an as yet unknown will by him which he attached to his commentaries about the translation of Paul’s Epistles and which functions as an after-word written by the translator for the translations of the “Disciple’s Deeds“.(Ath.18). The study of this will in contrast to a well-known foreword to the “Disciple’s’ Deeds” and the yet unknown wills attached to both this and “The Explanations of Catholic Epistles”, highlight several issues connected with the Georgian translations of this exegetic work. The Greek text used by Ephrem as an original was also specified. As opposed to the opinions argued and discussed in the literature based on his wills, we argue that Ephrem must have translated a short exegetic work by John Chrysostom, but the catenic translations were made in the fifth century by Cyril of Alexandria on the basis of this work. In this work, along with John Chrysostom’s commentaries Cyril’s and other fathers’ commentaries were also presented. Thus, Ephrem neither collected nor abridged the work as previously argued, but he used the original from which this work already accomplished. As revealed by the will, Ephrem must have used a later (tenth century), completed recension

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of “Pavle targmaniani”. It is worth noting that very important information regarding the history of the translation of “The translations of the Epistles” into Georgian is kept in these wills.

The study of the manuscripts also revealed that “Historia Philothea” by Theodoret of Cyrus also attached by foreword and after-word wills. The after-word to this book was known to scholars from the work by Jordania. However, the after-word written by Ephrem was considered to be the will for another work by Theodoret of Cyrus. We argue that “sitkvai” is the part (specifically, the last chapter) of “Historia Philothea”. Thus the colophon at-tached must be the after-word to the book and, based on this colophon, it can be argued that the “Historia Philothea” must have been translated into Georgian by Ephrem Mtsire.

Scholars consider “Introduction to the commentaries of the Psalms” which comes at the beginning of this important exegetic work is considered to be an original work by Ephrem Mtsire. We argue that this is not an original work created by Ephrem but only the commentary of the translator, which is confirmed by its title. “Introduction” is the information about the cause of the creation of this book and the rules of its usage. The information about the creation of this exegetic work in Greek and its translation into Georgian is also found here. “Introduction to the commentaries of the Psalms” is the longest from Ephrem’s commentaries and thus it is a colophon to the chapter. The first book of “The commentaries of the Psalms” finishes with a short colophon by Ephrem which was sometimes thought to belong to a copyist but, arguably, it belongs to Ephrem himself.

Likewise, the work attached by Ephrem to the translation of one of the hagiographic works as an “after-word will” which discusses a number of is-sues of Byzantine and Georgian literature is a commentary and not an origi-nal work.

The foreword of the translator found in the 16-word collection of Ser-mons by Gregory of Nazianzus, in spite of a specific addressee, is for a wide circle of readers. The collection is followed by the “after-word will”, which, in general, is short.

“Fountain of Knowledge” by John of Damascus is similarly followed by the introduction and after-word from the translator as well which, though consisting of four parts, is one whole semantically and functionally and can be classed as a foreword written by the translator revealing a great amount of historical and literary information. One of its parts refers to the descrip-tion of a system of punctuation created by Ephrem which does not mean that he denied the previous existence of punctuation. We argue that the system of punctuation created by Ephrem is not the first attempt made to classify the system of punctuation in Georgian as argued by some group of scholars.

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Such a system of punctuation was used in Georgian written works far before him. Ephrem made an attempt to “load” the old system of punctuation with new functions: one full stop, two full stops, three full stops and six stops simultaneously play a role of a punctuation mark as well as that of intona-tion and declamation used in recitals or public speeches. Thus, Ephrem was the first scholar to establish the system of punctuation which regulates not only logical and grammatical parts of the sentence but also the succession of intonation patterns which, in their turn, regulate the rules of oral speech. In addition, Ephrem created a number of terms connected with the technique of correct reading of a text.

Having worked on the colophons and commentaries by Ephrem we con-clude that every single observation made of old Georgian liturgical literature provides rich material for the study of the History of Georgian literature as well as for the study of the History of Byzantine literature as well as for Byz-antine studies as a whole.

In this respect, the colophons and footnotes discuss a number of impor-tant issues of Greek Christian literature as well as Byzantine authors.

The previously unknown colophon which is attached to the translation of Paul’s Epistles encouraged re-statement of several issues of Christian ex-egetic history. Procopius of Gaza who lived in the sixth century was con-sidered to be the creator of exegetic catens. According to the information given by Ephrem, Cyril of Alexandria must have been the compiler of the first collection of exegetic catens “pavle targmaniani” a century before Cyril (Cyril died in AD 444). The Epistle by Cyril of Alexandria which was dis-covered together with the colophon and was referred to as a literary reference by Ephrem also confirms this information. “pavle targmaniani” by Cyril has reached us in fragments and it is difficult to judge its essence, sources as well as assess and qualify the work done by its compiler/editor. Ephrem discusses these issues and characterises the work by Cyril in great detail. He provides the information about the creation of the work as well as its later fate and dis-cusses interrelationships between this work and the catens by Paul in Greek. According to Ephrem the following works must have existed: a) a long ver-sion of Paul’s work written by John Chrysostom (“Commentaries of Paul); b) a later version of catens by Cyril, written in a square style, based on Okropiri and later completed after the death of

Episcopos Ekumanius from Thracia (tenth century). It has been discov-ered that translations by Ephrem reveal almost a complete version of an origi-nal. In one of the manuscripts form Anthon (Ath.18) we found a part of the work, which previously was considered to be lost (translation of Epistles for Timothy II, Titus and Philemon).

Euthymius the Athonite started translating “pavle targmaniani” into

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Georgian and must have translated only an incomplete version .This was confirmed by one manuscript from Athon (Ath.39) which enabled us to argue that its translation belongs to Euthymius.

Commentaries by Ephrem give interesting, full information about Svimeon Loghothet and the history of metaprastic hagiography. Besides, in one of the footnotes there is information about “Heksaples” by Origone which enables us to argue that scholars in the eleventh century knew about the variant of “Heksaples” known as “Oktaple” and which, together with the text of the Bible in Hebrew and its well-known Geek translations, contains the text of two unknown translations found in the “kvevri”.

In the introduction to the 16- word collection by Gregory the Theolo-gian, Ephrem touches upon a number of issues including the Greek texts cho-sen for translation. According to this colophon, Ephrem used the Greek text of a 16-word collection with full commentaries by Basilius Minimus which had been presented (together with the Epistle) to the Emperor Constantine VII Porohirogenetis. In the commentary attached to the translation of Homi-lies, Ephrem must have worked to make his translations as perfect as those of Basilius ( Jer.43,248v, Jer.13,213v, Jer, 13, 241r). Information provided by him in his commentaries has certain importance for the study of the inter-relationships between the Greek originals of Gregory the Theologian’s works as well as the establishment of an original text for a Georgian translation of the Homilies.

The information contained in colophons and footnotes by Ephrem give clear understanding of the work done by Byzantine scholars of the period which must have had good knowledge of critical and scholarly exploration of a text. He tried to meet the standards of his contemporary Byzantine scholars and while translating uses the methodology elaborated by them ( footnotes, commentaries, stychometric apparatus, introduction and foreword, after-word, special signs use by commenting on and editing texts, marginal signs of various functions, punctuation and notation signs, etc). Thus, the transla-tions made by Ephrem follow Greek standards and can be placed alongside the works of eleventh century Byzantine scholars.

Information is provided by Ephrem’s colophons on several issues con-nected with the History of Georgian literature. These colophons show Ephrem as a historian of a Georgian Hagiographic literature and literary critic as well. He gives us valuable information about the Georgian translators preceding him and evaluates their work. His positive approach to two Georgian transla-tors, Euthymius and Giorgi Athonites. is clearly felt . Besides, this informa-tion is invaluable for assessment of the scopes of the translatory work and their complete bibliography. Ephrem is among the first group of the Georgian scholars giving the description of the translatory method preferred by Eu-

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thymius the Athonite and characterises it as “the ability to add to the text as well as to shorten it”. Moreover, Ephrem acknowledges their supreme reputa-tion as translators and refers to them as “the source and baseline of a transla-tion”. In addition, he considers them to be his teachers.

Ephrem apologises for his attempt to translate for the second time the works previously translated by Euthymius and Giorgi Athonites, proves the necessity of their translation and considers his methodology to be continuing their tradition and not contradicting them. Our research of colophons and footnotes showed that while translating, in order to find the exact equivalent, Ephrem frequently consulted the translations made by Athonites and if appro-priate he tried not to change his teachers’ versions. Moreover, his colophons enabled us to discover and explore as yet unknown translation by Euthymius Athonite. In the colophon attached to the Epistles by Paul, Ephrem ascribes the translation of “Pavle Targmaniani” (by Cyril of Alexandria) to Euthymius as well as that of the Epstle by Cyril of Alexandria himself. His information was, once again correct.. During the research we came across a manuscript from Athon (N39) which contained the incomplete translated version of the first and second Epistles of “pavle targmaniani” and the Epistle by Cyril of Alexandria. The translation attested in this manuscript differs form that translated by Ephrem. It cannot have been translated by Giorgi Mtastmind-eli, who, according to later information, was thought to be the translator of the works of the manuscript. Having compared other literary sources to the information provided by Ephrem on the one hand and having conducted a comprehensive textual analysis on the other, we argue that the translator of the manuscript Ath.39 containing “pavle targmaniani” must be Euthymius Athonite. Eqvtimus must have started translating this catenic collection but did not finish for unknown reasons which, as Ephrem mentions, were known only to God.

Long colophons and numerous remarks attached to translations by Ephrem give us valuable information to study the history of the literary school functioning at the Black Mountain as well as the historical and cultural situa-tion in which Ephrem created his scholarly translations. Researchers rely on his colophons when studying the life of Georgian monasteries, works by holy fathers living there and the literary schools functioning on the Black Moun-tain. Commentaries made by Ephrem show the importance of translations by him as one of the distinguished representatives of the Black Mountain and foreground the theoretical principles he relied on while translating works from Greek into Georgian. In addition, colophons contain truthful informa-tion about the life and work of this person. These also enabled us to establish a fairly accurate date of some translations.

According to the colophon, the monk Saba Tukhareli stands out as one

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of the leaders of Georgians living and working on the Black Mountain. He must have been leading and supporting Ephrem during his work on the trans-lations. After Saba’s death (around 1090)

Ephrem Mtsire must also have been supported by the monk Anthony Tbeli. Among the holy fathers of the mountain several Johns are mentioned (colophons have mentioned the name 13 times). Analysis of the colophons has revealed that there were only four Johns working in this period: 1) John the Philosopher and Grammarian from Svimeontsminda; 2) John Mtavar-aidze 3) John Pharakneli and 4) John Rateuli.

Ephrem Mtsire’s colophons reveal that in the second half of the eleventh century near Anthiokia there existed a strong centre of Georgian literature with strongly expressed philological and scholarly interests, rich libraries, educated scholars and well-trained translators.

The study of the manuscripts kept in the Institute of Manuscripts also revealed a number of manuscripts which were not mentioned in the bibli-ography of the those translated by Ephrem and two readers which were not mentioned on the list of the translations either. In addition, the titles of several works and their authors were not specified.

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Sinaarsi:Sesavali ......................................................................................3

Tavi Iefrem mciris mTargmnelobiTi da

komentatoruli moRvaweoba ................................... 16efrem mciris mTargmnelobiTi

saqmianobis zogadi daxasiaTeba .............................. 16 efremis `mozraxulis~ kvlevis istoria ..................... 26komentatorul saqmianobasTan dakavSirebuli

zogierTi termini da naTargmni Txzulebis komentirebis efrem mciriseuli principebi ......... 31

axali masalebi efrem mciris mier naTargmni Zeglebis bibliografiisTvis .................................. 54

efremis `mozraxuldarTuli~ Targmanebi da maTi Semcveli xelnawerebi ................................ 58

Tavi IImTargmnelis mozraxuli

`Tavisa da boloYsa anderZebi~ ............................ 74`samociqulos Targmanebis~ kolofonebi ................... 81Teodorite kvirelis `filoTeon istoriis~

kolofonebi .............................................................. 98`fsalmunTa Targmanebis~ Sesavali da anderZi ........ 102grigol nazianzelis TxzulebaTa Targmanze

darTuli mTargmnelis kolofonebi .................... 112 ioane damaskelis `wyaro codnisas~ Targmanze

darTuli winasityvaoba da anderZi ..................... 129

Tavi IIIefrem mcire da bizantiuri

filologiis zogierTi sakiTxi ......................... 139cnobebi pavles epistoleTa komentarebis berZnuli

dednebisa da pirveli egzegetikuri katenebis Sesaxeb ....140 svimeon metafrasti da metafrasuli

agiografiis istoriis sakiTxebi .......................... 151origenes `heqsaplebi~ ................................................. 156bizantiuri xelnaweri wignebi da

berZnuli wignTsacavebi ........................................ 160

efrem mciris kolofonebi (teqstebi) .......................... 173

Ephrem Mtsire`s Colophons ......................................................... 243

damowmebuli literatura .................................................... 250