El Frío en Enología II. Aplicaciones

8/3/2019 El Fro en Enologa II. Aplicaciones

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Aceqki Gic}omce

qkjkakget}o*`cibw~it*gio

^iptede6 Mc api mj mjicibe

Tmxti tioedi dm Ejtijki F* Eqkcw Okeji

Mwu}moew ede~tediw dmc okwoi e}tip


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EV]GEPMW DM CE ]QE

Ciw ev}gepmw ~pkjgk~ecmw mj ce }qe wij ce ap}gtiwe { ce bc}giwe u}m

mwtj mj ~pi~ipgkj gewk kdjtkge g}ejdi ce oed}pmv dm ce }qe mw ~cmje*

Wkpqe pmgipdep u}m tejti }je gioi itpe wij oec cceoediw hkdpetiw dm

gepìji ~ip mwtep aipoediw dm G# I m H mj ce ~pi~ipgkj dmc eb}e# dm eh

"hkdpi"*

Wij ~ickecgihicmw dm 1 gepìjiw (Hmxiwew+ gij }j bp}~i ecdmhdi

cebc}giwe (ecdiwe+ { gij }j bp}~i gmtije ceap}gtiwe (gmtiwe+*

Mc ~mwi oicmg}cep mw mxegteomjtm kb}ec ~epe ciw diw# ~mpi w} gio/

~ipteokmjti apmjtm e ce c}v ~icepkvede mw dkampmjtm# ce bc}giwe mw dmxtp/bkpe# dm eh u}m wm cm cceom teo`kj dmxtpiwe { ce ap}gtiwe mw a}mptmomjtm

cmqbkpe (ce dmwqe hegke ce kvu}kmpde+ ~ip ci u}m teo`kj wm cm gijigm

gij mc jio`pm dm cmq}ciwe*

Bc}giwe6 GH0IH/GHIH/GHIH/GHIH/GHIH/GHI

Ap}gtiwe6 GH0IH/GHIH/GHIH/GHIH/GI/GH0IH

Mc ~mwi oicmg}cep ~epe eoèw mw6

1 G? 50#>5 1 ? 20#>1

50 H? 50 5 ? 501 I? 1 51 ? ;1

TITEC**************** 58>#>1 bp*

Dm kb}ec apo}ce { ~idmp eckomjtkgki# w} ~idmp md}cgipejtm mw èw/

tejtm dkampmjtm* Gijwkdmpejdi gioi qecip 5>> mc ~idmp md}cgipejtm dm ce

wegepiwe i evgep dm gee (~ip wmp mc ow }w}ec+# ~epe ce ap}gtiwe mc qecip

mw 527#7 { ~epe ce bc}giwe mw dm 24#7 (ce wegepkje tmjdpe qecip =>># e}j/

u}m ji mw }j hkdpeti dm gepìji+*

G}ejdi ce }qe ji mwt oed}pe# ce ~pi~ipgkj dm bc}giwe mw oe{ip#

mj geo`ki mj cew }qew ~ewedew dm oed}pmv ce ~pi~ipgkj dm ap}gtiwe mw

oe{ip u}m ce dm bc}giwe*


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CE AMPOMJTEGKIJ ECGIHICKGE

Mc amjomji dm ce "m`}cckgkj" gij dmw~pmjdkokmjti dm `}p`}few

bewmiwew# f}jti gij mc mjt}p`keokmjti { gecmjteokmjti dmc oiwti dm ce

}qe# wm he dmjiokjedi ampomjtegkj (dmc cetj ampqmp ? hmpqkp+*

Okmjtpew tpejwg}ppm ce ampomjtegkj wm ~pid}gm ce ~pdkde dmc we/

ìp ev}gepedi dmc oiwti { e~epmgm# mj w}wtkt}gkj itpi j}mqi dm tk~i qk/

jiwi* Ceqikwkmp dmoiwtp u}m mc evgep wm tpejwaipoe mj ecgihic { ejh/

dpkdi gep`jkgi u}m wm dmw~pmjdm* ^mpi a}m êwtm}p u}kmj dmwg}`pk u}m

ce ampomjtegkj mpe ~pid}gkde ~ip }jiw wmpmw qkqiw }jkgmc}cepmw dm te/

oei ~mu}mwkoi# e ciw u}m cceoeoiw cmqed}pew Hi{ we`moiw u}m mj

pmeckded ce ampomjtegkj mw mc pmw}ctedi dm ce eggkj wi`pm ciw evgepmwdm cew mjvkoew ~pid}gkdew ~ip cew cmqed}pew# u}m wij ge~egmw dm dmwgio/

~ijmpciw mj g}mp~iw ow wmjgkcciw*

Cew mjvkoew (dmc bpkmbi# mj ampomjti+ wij w}wtejgkew ~pitmjkgew

u}m ~pid}gmj cew gc}cew qkqew { u}m egtej gioi geteckvedipmw mj ciw

~pigmwiw dm omteìckwoi gmc}cep# wkmjdi mw~mgkakge gede }je dm mccew ~e/

pe gede pmeggkj* A}m kjtpid}gkde mwte ~ece`pe ~ip mc ecmoj L}hjm mj

5*828*

Mc omgejkwoi u}okgi dm ce ampomjtegkj dmc evgep mw o}{ gio/

~cmfi# ~pid}gkjdiwm }je wmpkm dm pmeggkijmw mj gedmje u}m w}~mpej ce

tpmkjtmje { mj gede }je dm mccew kjtmpqkmjm }je mjvkoe mw~mgakge# dejdi

dkampmjtmw ~pid}gtiw wmg}jdepkiw*

Mc ècejgm u}okgi tmpkgi dm ce tpejwaipoegkj mjvkotkge dm }je

oicg}ce dm hmxiwe mj diw oicg}cew dm ecgihic mw6

G1H50>1 , 0 ED^ , 0 Î4H7 0 (GH7/GH0IH+, 0 GI0, 0 ET^

, 0 H0I

Dijdm ce ED^ mw }je mjvkoe dmjiokjede edmjiwkjdkaiwaeti { ce

ET^ mw itpe gimjvkoe cceoede edmjiwkjtpkaiwaeti*


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@ECEJGM GECIPKAKGI

G}ejdi ampomjte ce bc}giwe i ce ap}gtiwe# }je oicg}ce bpeoi

(58>bp*+ wm edoktm u}m ec tpejwaipoepwm mj gep`jkgi { ecgihic mtckgi#

~pid}gm 4> Lgec# dm cew g}ecmw wij e~iptedew 2#7 Lgec* e gede mjvkoe u}m/

dejdi ck`pmw 0=#4 Lgec*# u}m wm dmw~pmjdmj d}pejtm mc g}pwi dm ce ampomj/

tegkj* Dm kb}ec oidi 5>> Lb* dm evgep depej =5#540 Lb dm ecgihic mt/

ckgi (14#440 C*+* Mj ce ~pgtkge# edmow dm mtejic mc evgep de gio~}mwtiw

gioi wij ce bckgmpkje# ecgihicmw w}~mpkipmw# ecdmhdiw# gkdiw ipbjkgiw#

mtg* u}m qepej ciw pmjdkokmjtiw# e~eptm u}m cew j}mqew gc}cew aipoedew

ewkokcej ~eptm dm evgep u}m ji tpejwaipoej*

Dm aipoe wko~ckakgede ~idmoiw ~ijmp u}m ce pmeggkj u}m tkmjmc}bep mw6

G1H50>1 0(GH7/GH0/IH+ , 0 GI0 , 0=#4 Lgec*

58>#>1 b 0 41#>0 b , 0 44#>5 b

MC ^PI@CMOE TMPOKGI MJ CE GECKDED DMC QKJI

Mc gecip dmweppiccedi mj ce ampomjtegkj hegm mcmqep ce tmo~mpet}/

pe dmc oiwti e qecipmw u}m ~}mdmj ccmbep e wmp ~mckbpiwiw ~epe ce qkde dm

cew cmqed}pew* Mc gijgm~ti dm ~epede dm ce ampomjtegkj mw dmwbpegkede/

omjtm }j tpokji o}{ gijigkdi { tmokdi ~ip mc mjcibi { mwti mw ci u}m

ig}ppm g}ejdi }j oiwti mj ampomjtegkj wm mcmqe ~ip mjgkoe dm ciw 7=/

78 G*Hegm o}ghiw eiw ~epe mqktep u}m wm ecgejvewmj mwtew tmo~mpet}/

pew wm he qmjkdi pmg}ppkmjdi ec mo~cmi dmc ejhdpkdi w}ca}piwi (WI0+ u}m

mjtpm itpew ~pi~kmdedmw (gcepkakgejtm# ejtkw~tkgi# dkwicqmjtm# ejtkixkdwk/

gi# mtg*+# tkmjm ce dm ~epeckvep ce egtkqkded dm cew cmqed}pew# ko~kdkmjdi w}

gpmgkokmjti { `ciu}mejdi ce eggkj dm cew mjvkoew*

G}ejdi wm edkgkije w}ca}piwi e }j oiwti# ji u}mde wiceomjtm dk/

w}mcti# wkji u}m pmeggkije gij o}ghiw gio~ijmjtmw aipoejdi gio~}mw/

tiw gij ciw evgepmw# gij ciw ecdmhdiw { gij o}ghiw itpiw ow# u}m ~}m/dmj wmp oew i omjiw mwte`cmw gijwtkt}{mjdi mc "w}ca}pi gio`kjedi*


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Tmjkmjdi mj g}mjte u}m cew pmeggkijmw mj gedmje dm ce ampomjte/

gkj { ce mqic}gkj dm ce okwoe mw }j ~pigmwi u}m edoktm tidew cew tmip/

ew u}m u}kmpej dpwmcm# mw i`qki u}m gio~ijmjtmw mxtpeiw ec oiwti ci

jkgi u}m ~}mdmj ~pid}gkp wij gio~}mwtiw wmg}jdepkiw u}m mj jede

`mjmakgkej e cew gepegtmpwtkgew ipbejic~tkgew dmc qkji Edmow ciw cok/

tmw mwte`cmgkdiw ~ip ce G*M* mxkbmj }je omjteckvegkj { pmw~mti ~pia}jdi

~epe aiomjtep ce geckded { mqktep mc b}wti ~mg}ckep u}m mc w}ca}piwi tkmjm*

E~eptm he{ u}m gijwkdmpep ce ~iwk`cm ~epede dm ampomjtegkj# mj

cew u}m u}mdej evgepmw u}m ~}mdmj wmp pmd}gkdiw ~ip `egtmpkew u}m qmj

aegkcktedi w} dmweppicci dmw~}w dm u}m wm cm he{e dmfedi wkj ce gio~m/

tmjgke dm cew cmqed}pew# gij mc gijwkb}kmjtm ~mckbpi dm ~kgedi cgtkgi i

egtkgi*

Cew tmo~mpet}pew mcmqedew mj ampomjtegkj ~piqigej6

@efi pmjdkokmjti mj ecgihic

Oitkqedi ~ip ce ~pdkde u}m w}apm ec wmp eppewtpedi ~ip ce oe{ip

gejtkded dm GI0u}m wm ~pid}gm ~ip }jkded dm tkmo~i { ec wmp ow qictkc

e ectew tmo~mpet}pew*

^pdkdew dm epioew

Ciw pmw~ijwe`cmw dm cew gepegtmpwtkgew dmc qkji wij ciw wtmpmw {

ecb}jiw ~ickecgihicmw u}m mj ecb}jew igewkijmw wm mjg}mjtpej tej wici

mj tpevew< ce tmo~mpet}pe eamgte dm oejmpe dmgkwkqe mj w} qicetkckvegkj i

w} dmwdi`ceokmjti*

Oe{ip egkdmv qictkcDm`kde wi`pm tidi e }je oe{ip ~pid}ggkj dm egkdi egtkgi# w}gg/

jkgi { egmtecdmhdi*

Gijgc}{mjdi# ce tmo~mpet}pe dm ampomjtegkj mw }j ~epomtpi

gcepi e gijtpicep g}ejdi wm u}kmpm i`tmjmp }j qkji dm geckded# hegkjdi/

wm jmgmwepki mc mjapkeokmjti dmc oiwti mj ampomjtegkj dmjtpi dm }jiw

qecipmw u}m ~mpokte }j dmweppicci ~tkoi dmc ~pigmwi*


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TMO^MPET]PEW E GIJTPICEP MJ AMPOMJTEGKIJ

Dm~mjdkmjdi dm gioi wm qkjkaku}m# wk mj `cejgi i tkjti# cew tmo~m/

pet}pew dm ampomjtegkj wij dkampmjtmw*

Ce mx~mpkmjgke edu}kpkde e tpeqw dm ciw eiw mj u}m wm he kdi gij/

tpicejdi mc ~pigmwi mj dkqmpwew ìdmbew { gijtpewtejdi ciw pmw}ctediw

gij tmwtkbiw mj itpew gijdkgkijmw dm tmo~mpet}pe wij6

Qkjiw `cejgiw ** 58G*

Qkjiw piwediw*** 0>G*

Qkjiw tkjtiw *** 0=G*

Mj bmjmpec ce tmo~mpet}pe kdmec dm ~eptkde dm }j oiwti ~}mwti e

ampomjtep mw ce ow èfe ~iwk`cm u}m ~mpokte ce egtkqkded w}akgkmjtm dm

cew cmqed}pew*

@ECEJGM TMPOKGI DMC OIWTI E GIJTPICEP

Ce pmeggkj mxitpokge u}m gijwtkt}{m ce ampomjtegkj# tkmjm }j

dmw~pmjdkokmjti dm gecip tmpkgi dm 0=#4 Lgec)oic dm hmxiwe# gijaipom

e ce pmeggkj u}m pmacmfeoiw ejtmw*

Wk edoktkoiw (gioi tpedkgkijecomjtm wm qkmjm hegkmjdi+ u}m 52b

dmhmxiwe mu}kqecm e }j bpedi ecgihckgi# i`tmjdpmoiw ~ip }je ~pi~ip/

gkijeckded dkpmgte u}m ~ip gede bpedi ecgihckgi dmc qkji d}pejtm tidi mc

tkmo~i u}m d}pe w} ~pigmwi ampomjtetkqi# wm dmw~pmjdmj 0#4 Lgec*

Ehipe `kmj# mwtm qecip u}m u}okgeomjtm mw gippmgti# wm qm kjac}mj/

gkedi mj ce ~pegtkge ~ip dkqmpwiw aegtipmw* Mc GI0 g}ejdi wm dmw~pmjdm

eppewtpe gecip< mc eb}e { mc ecgihic mwtj mqe~ipjdiwm mj ce w}~mpakgkm#

u}m u}kmpm dmgkp ~ip tejti# mjapkejdi ce oewe dmc oiwti mj ampomjtegkj*

îp mfmo~ci# dm`kdi ec GI0 he{ }j eppewtpm dm 7#01 Lgec* ~ip gede

oic dm hmxiwe omteìckvede# {e u}m mc gecip dm qe~ipkvegkj dmc GI0 e

0>G mw dm 72 Lgec)Lb*


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Mc gecip e`wip`kdi ~ip mc ecgihic { mc eb}e# ~}mdm wmp heccedi e~ck/

gejdi ce mg}egkj u}m dmtmpokje ce qmcigkded dm mqe~ipegkj dm }j cu}k/

di# u}m wmbj Dectj mw6

Q ? G W ( (ô / ê+)H+

Mj dijdm

^pmgk~ktegkj dm `kteptpeti ~itwkgi

Mc qkji mw }je wic}gkj wi`pmwet}pede dm `kteptpeti ~itwkgi u}m

tkmjm }je wic}`kckded (gioi ~}mdm e~pmgkepwm mj mc bpakgi edf}jti+ u}m

qepke mj a}jgkj dmc bpedi ecgihckgi { dm ce tmo~mpet}pe*

Ccmqjdici e ce tmo~mpet}pe ow èfe ~iwk`cm wm gijwkb}m ce aipoe/

gkj dm ciw bpomjmw i jgcmiw dm gpkwteckvegkj { u}m ~pmgk~ktmj*

MWTE@KCKVEGKIJ ÎP GIJTEGTI

Mwtm otidi gijwkwtm mj ce edkgkj dm `kteptpeti ~itwkgi mjtpm 7 {

= bp* ~ip cktpi dmc qkji u}m wm u}kmpm mwte`kckvep*

Mc `kteptpeti ~itwkgi akjeomjtm oickdi aipoe ciw bpomjmw dm

gpkwteckvegkj wi`pm ciw u}m wm qej e kp eedkmjdi mc `kteptpeti u}m mwte

mj wi`pmwet}pegkj mj mc qkji* Gij mcci wm i`tkmjmj ecb}jew qmjtefew6

îdmp mwte`kckvep e tmo~mpet}pew ~iwktkqew ~pxkoew e >G# mqktej/

di ~pdkdew dm epioew ~pkoepkew u}m ~epmgm wmp wm dmwtp}{mj mj }je

`}mje ~eptm g}ejdi wm ccmqe ec ~}jti dm gijbmcegkj*


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Ec mwtep mjapkejdi e >G# ,5G# ,0G he{ }j ko~iptejtm ehippi

mjmpbtkgi dm`kdi e ce qepkegkj dm ~itmjgke apkbipakge u}m ce okwoe }jk/

ded mjapkedipe jiw mwte dejdi*

Mj mc bpakgi dmc gio~pmwip dm ~bkjew ejtmpkipmw ~idmoiw mjgij/

tpep u}m ~epe }je tmo~mpet}pe dm gijdmjwegkj# ~ip mfmo~ci dm 4>G*

mjapkejdi mc qkji gij }j wkwtmoe dkpmgti# e /1G* (mqe~ipegkj /50G*+ ce

~itmjgke apkbipakge mw dm 4;*>>> Apkb)h* apmjtm e cew 1=*=>> Apkb)h* wk ci

mjapkeoiw e ,5G*

I`wmpqejdi cew g}pqew dm wic}`kckded dmc `kteptpeti ~itwkgi# qm/

oiw gioi wm tipje gewk ewkjttkge ~epe tmo~mpet}pew èfew# qepkejdi dm

aipoe o}{ ~mu}me ce wic}`kckded* Ew ~ip mfmo~ci# ~epe }j qkji dm 57-

qic* ~ewe dm tmjmp }je wic}`kckded dm 5#74 b)c* e ,5G apmjtm e 5#54 b)c e /1G*

Teo`kj he{ }je egmcmpegkj dmc ~pigmwi u}m ~}mdm ~mpoktkp mo/

~cmep omjiw pmgk~kmjtmw kwitpokgiw dm b}epde dmc qkji api*

CE AMPOMJTEGKIJ OECICEGTKGE

Hewte ehipe wm he qkwti ce e~ckgegkj dmc api mj ce kjd}wtpke mjic/

bkge# ~mpi teo`kj mw jmgmwepke ce e~ckgegkj dmc gecip w wm u}kmpm u}m }j

qkji hebe ce ampomjtegkj oecicgtkge*

Mwte ampomjtegkj gijwkwtm mj ce tpejwaipoegkj dmc gkdi ockgi

mj egkdi cgtkgi# ~ip ce eggkj dm qepkew mw~mgkmw dm ègtmpkew# gijakpkmjdi

ec qkji }je oe{ip w}eqkded { etmpgki~mcedi* Qe egio~eede dm }j dmw/gmjwi dm ce egkdmv titec u}m hegm teo`kj dkwokj}kp mc gijtmjkdi mj gkdi

teptpkgi ~ip aipoegkj dm wecmw teptpkgew u}m ~pmgk~ktej# { ~ip }j dmw/

~pmjdkokmjti dm gep`jkgi*

Jipoecomjtm mwte ampomjtegkj# u}m dm~mjdm dm o}ghiw aegtipmw

tecmw gioi gijtmjkdi mj w}ca}piwi# egkdmv akfe# ~H# mtg*# mjg}mjtpe w} om/

fip dmweppicci mj tmo~mpet}pew ~pxkoew e ciw 07G* Mw mqkdmjtm u}m mc

mo~cmi dm ce ìoè dm gecip mw o}{ gijqmjkmjtm*


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14/38

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E^PIQMGHEOKMJTI DMC GKGCI APKBIPKAKGI

Mj mc mwu}moe dm ce ~bkje ejtmpkip# wm he kjtmjtedi pmw}okp cew

e~ckgegkijmw ow jipoecmw u}m w}mcmj edi~tepwm dmjtpi dmc wmgtip*

Gioi mcmomjtiw akfiw# wm he gijwkdmpedi mc gio~pmwip { ce qcq}ce

dm mx~ejwkj tmpoiwttkge* Wm hej mwte`cmgkdi diw bpejdmw e~ckgegkijmw+# ew

gioi dm itpiw tk~iw dm gio~pmwipmw*

Cbkgeomjtm# ce wic}gkj dm e~ckgep mc gkgci apkbipakgi jkgeomjtm

~epe mjapkep mc oiwti i qkji { mwtm gecip gmdmpci bpet}kteomjtm ec eo/

`kmjtm omdkejtm }je tippm dm mjapkeokmjti i }j gijdmjwedip ~ip ekpm# mw

dmwdm mc ~}jti dm qkwte mjmpbtkgi ce omjiw eoiptkve`cm*

DKWG]WKIJ MJ MC E^PIQMGHEOKMJTI DMC APKI

Gede qmv u}m wm pmeckve }j kjtmpgeo`ki dm gecip# wm hegm e giwte dm

`efep w} tmo~mpet}pe# mwti mw mqkdmjtm< ~ip tejti g}ejtiw omjiw mwgeci/

jmw tmjbeoiw mj tpejwoktkp gecip pmd}jdep wkmo~pm mj }j oe{ip pmjdk/

okmjti dmc wkwtmoe*

Qmeoiw u}m ce ~itmjgke apkbipakge dm }j gio~pmwip mpe tejti oe/

{ip# g}ejti ow mcmqede mpe w} tmo~mpet}pe mj mqe~ipegkj* Dm mwte aip/

oe# wk ~epe i`tmjmp }je dmtmpokjede gmwkj dm gecip hegm aecte oejtmjmp}je tmo~mpet}pe mj }je w}~mpakgkm dm ~ip mfmo~ci = G# g}ejdi mc mjapke/

okmjti mw dkpmgti# ~idmoiw oejtmjmp ce tmo~mpet}pe dm mqe~ipegkj mj

mwtiw = G jmgmwepkiw# okmjtpew u}m ~epe oejtmjmpciw ~ip mc wkwtmoe kj/

dkpmgti gij eb}e e = G hmoiw dm mwtep mqe~ipejdi e }je tmo~mpet}pe dm

~ip mfmo~ci > G# gij ci u}m ce ~itmjgke dmc gio~pmwip dkwokj}{m*

Ce wic}gkj dm mjapkeokmjti dkpmgti# mw mjmpbtkgeomjtm ow egij/

wmfe`cm u}m mc wkwtmoe dm mjapkeokmjti gij }j ac}kdi kjtmpomdki*

Wkj mo`epbi# mc wkwtmoe dkpmgti tkmjm ~ige acmxk`kckded# wm gio~ipte

gioi mc mqe~ipedip dmc gkgci apkbipakgi { ~ip tejti gkpg}ce ~ip w} kjtmpkip

mc bew pmapkbmpejtm omvgcedi gij mc egmktm dm c}`pkgegkj*

E~eptm dm mc ew~mgti wejktepki mwt ce ckoktegkj dm cijbkt}d dm cjm/

ew dm pmapkbmpejtm# mj mc gewi dm ciw wmp~mjtkjmw ~epe w}ompbkp< i ce bpej

gepmwte# ~ip w} gio~cmfkded gijwtp}gtkqe# u}m tkmjmj ciw mqe~ipedipmwgij pewgedipmw*


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He{ u}m gijwkdmpep u}m }ji dm ciw bpejdmw pmtiw gij mc u}m g}mjte

mc ~pi{mgtkwte dm }je }jkded mjapkedipe# mw ~pmgkweomjtm mc dkwmep cew

cjmew apkbipakgew dm oejmpe u}m# mc egmktm u}m mw eppewtpedi ~ip mc pmapk/

bmpejtm e ci cepbi dmc gkgci apkbipakgi# pmtipjm itpe qmv ec gio~pmwip ~epe

u}m g}o~ce w} okwkj dm c}`pkgegkj*

îp ci tejti he{ ckoktegkijmw dm tk~i apkbipakgi u}m egijwmfej ji

mxgmdmpwm mj ecb}jiw }wiw dm mwtm wkwtmoe u}m ~}mdej egeppmep ~pi`cm/

oew mj ciw gio~ijmjtmw ~pi~kiw dmc gkgci*

Mc wkwtmoe kjdkpmgti ~mpoktm }je bpej acmxk`kckded dm a}jgkije/

okmjti# {e u}m mc qmhkg}cep }j ac}kdi gioi mw mc eb}e ~ip }je t}`mpe# mw

tepme agkc { mxmjte jipoecomjtm dm gio~ckgegkijmw tgjkgew mj mc dkwmi

dm ce kjwtecegkj*

Wk gioi pmacmfeoiw mj ce ~eptm kjampkip dmc mwu}moe# mc mjapkeokmj/

ti tkmjm c}bep hegkmjdi }wi dm }j ac}kdi kjtmpomdki# gioi mw mc ekpm#

g}ejdi wm ~pi{mgte }je goepe apkbipakge u}m qe e gijtmjmp dm~wktiw

dm ampomjtegkj# cew ìtmccew dm qkji# mtg*# mc pmjdkokmjti mjmpbtkgi dkw/

okj}{m o}ghi ow# {e u}m he`pe u}m gijwmb}kp tmo~mpet}pew o}ghi

ow èfew mj mqe~ipegkj# ~epe hegmp u}m ce w}~mpakgkm u}m u}mpmoiw

mjapkep mwt}qkmwm e ce tmo~mpet}pe dm =G# u}m hmoiw gijwkdmpedi mj mcmfmo~ci*

Mj mwtm ctkoi gewi# he{ u}m mjapkep edmow dmc oiwti gijtmjkdi

mj ciw dm~wktiw# i mc qkji mj cew ìtmccew tide ce oewe dm ekpm dmc cigec#

edmow dm cew ~epmdmw# tmghi { w}mci dmc okwoi gij ce gijwkb}kmjtm dkw/

okj}gkj dmc mamgti tkc ~pmtmjdkdi*

Mc giwti mgijokgi mw ow mcmqedi ~ip ce kjqmpwkj kjkgkec { teo/`kj ci mw mc giwti dm mx~citegkj*


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E^PIQMGHEOKMJTI DMC EB]E ÊPE MJAPKEP

Mj ce ~bkje ejtmpkip wm hej dkw~}mwti }je wmpkm dm e~ckgegkijmw#

u}m jipoecomjtm wij dm }wi ow apmg}mjtm*

Wm hej w}`dkqkdkdi mj tpmw e~eptediw6 mwttkgi# dkjokgi { egijdk/

gkijeokmjti dm cigecmw*

Wkj mjtpep mj ce ~icokge dm wk mw ow gijqmjkmjtm dmwdm mc ~}jti

dm qkwte mjicbkgi }ji } itpi# (gij oiqkokmjti dmc oiwti mj ampomjte/

gkj i wkj oiqkokmjti+ qeoiw e mwte`cmgmp dmwdm {e# }je dkampmjgke tmg/

jicbkge ko~iptejtm { mw ce pe~kdmv dm mjapkeokmjti*

Gijwkdmpede ~ip mfmo~ci }je w}~mpakgkm dm tpejwokwkj dm 5o0 {

e~ckgejdi ciw qecipmw dmc gimakgkmjtm dm tpejwokwkj dm gecip dm ce pmce/

gkj ejtmw mx~}mwte# ~epe t}`}cep dm t}ì mj t}ì { ~cegew pmapkbmpejtmw

w}ompbkdew mj mc oiwti# i`tmjmoiw u}m ~epe èfep ce tmo~mpet}pe dm

}je oewe dmtmpokjede hegm aecte }j tkmo~i 1 qmgmw oe{ip gij cew ~cegew

u}m gij mc kjtmpgeo`kedip*

Wk wm ~pmtmjdm dep }j ghiu}m tpokgi ko~iptejtm# he{ u}m pmg}ppkpec wkwtmoe dkjokgi*

Cew diw aewmw dm mjapkeokmjti u}m mxkwtmj mj mc gijtpic dm tmo~m/

pet}pe dm ampomjtegkj# }je mj pmgm~gkj# ~epe èfep ce tmo~mpet}pe dmc

oiwti u}m mjtpe mj ìdmbe hewte ce tmo~mpet}pe ~pmtmjdkde ~epe dmwaej/

bep i kjkgkep ce ampomjtegkj { itpe mj ampomjtegkj# ~epe e`wip`mp mc

gecip ~pid}gkdi d}pejtm ce okwoe# ~pmgkwej wic}gkijmw dkampmjtmw*

Okmjtpew u}m mj ampomjtegkj ~}mdm }wepwm g}ecu}kmpe dm ciw

otidiw mwttkgi i dkjokgi# mj pmgm~gkj (e ji wmp u}m wm tpetm dm ok/

gpi qkjkakgegkijmw+# mw jmgmwepki mc otidi dkjokgi u}m ~mpokte }j mj/

apkeokmjti p~kdi*


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^CEGEW PMAPKBMPEJTMW I WMP^MJTKJMW ÊPE W]OMPBKP

Mwte wic}gkj mw qckde g}ejdi wm u}kmpm e~piqmghep ciw pmgk~kmjtmw

mxkwtmjtmw mj ce ìdmbe ~epe ampomjtep# {e wme tkjefew# dm~wktiw dm gm/

omjti# omtckgiw i g}ecu}kmp itpi tk~i*

Gijwtp}kdew mj egmpi kjixkde`cm# wm he ~pegtkgedi }j gkpg}kti ko/

~pmwi ~ip g}{i kjtmpkip gkpg}ce mc eb}e ape# mjapkejdi mc oiwti u}m cm pi/

dme*

Cew ~cegew# apmjtm e ciw wmp~mjtkjmw# ~pmwmjtej ce qmjtefe dm u}m

wij ow agkcomjtm cko~ke`cmw dm ciw teptpetiw dm~iwktediw*

Mw i`qkeomjtm }je wic}gkj mgijokge# ~}mw ji hegm aecte kjqmptkp

mj j}mqiw dm~wktiw# ~mpi he{ u}m tmjmp mj g}mjte u}m wm ~pmgkwe bpej

gejtkded dm w}~mpakgkm dm tpejwokwkj# ~}mw mc pmjdkokmjti gioi kjtmp/

geo`kedip mw ~mu}mi { mwti wm tped}gm mj ow gejtkded dm ghe~e dm

egmpi kjix*# i wme# ow kjqmpwkj# gio~epede gij mc okwoi mjapkeokmjti

~ip oiqkokmjti dmc oiwti mj ampomjtegkj*

Edmow he{ u}m gijwkdmpep ce bpej kjac}mjgke dmc giwti dm ce kjwte/

cegkj# wi`pm tidi mj mc ew~mgti dm gijtpic e}tiotkgi dm ~ewi dm eb}e mjmc oiomjti u}m wm pmu}kmpe# g}ejdi mw j}ompiwe ce gejtkded dm dm~wk/

tiw dm ~mu}me ge~egkded*

DMÎWKTIW DM EGMPI KJIXKDE@CM GIJ DI@CM GEOKWE

Mc eb}e dm pmapkbmpegkj gkpg}ce ~ip mc mw~egki mxkwtmjtm mjtpm ce

w}~mpakgkm mxtmpkip dmc dm~wkti { ce kjtmpkip dm ce di`cm geokwe*

G}ejdi he{e jmgmwkded dm eo~ckep ge~egkded dm ìdmbe { wk mc gpk/

tmpki mjicbkgi mw mc dm ampomjtep wkj oiqkokmjti dmc oiwti mj ampomj/

tegkj mw ce wic}gkj ow egmptede*

He`pe u}m hegmp ce ~}jt}eckvegkj dm u}m hewte 4 o dm dkomtpi

mwt ~piède w} mamgtkqkded# ~mpi mj dkomtpiw w}~mpkipmw e wtm mwt

dmwegijwmfede# ~ip ~pi`cmoew dm mwtpetkakgegkj tpokge*


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Mw gijqmjkmjtm u}m tide ce w}~mpakgkm dm ce di`cm geokwe pmgippkde

~ip mc eb}e ape mwt ekwcede# {e u}m ~epe }j dm~wkti dm 5>>*>>> C gij

}je w}~mpakgkm dm geokwe dm 00 o0 pmgippkde ~ip eb}e e ce tmo~mpet}pe

omdke dm 5>G gij }je tmo~mpet}pe dmc ekpm eo`kmjtm dm 0=G# cew

"~pdkdew dm api" wm mcmqej e6

U ? 5> x 00 x (0=/5>+ ? 7*7>> Apkb*)h*

D]GHE DM CIW DM^IWKTIW

Wm dmfe gemp ~ip mc mxtmpkip dmc dm~wkti mc eb}e ape dm ce aipoeow }jkaipom ~iwk`cm# dm oejmpe u}m aipom }je ge~e hioibjme*

He{ }je bpej w}~mpakgkm dm tpejwokwkj ~}mw wm mwt e~piqmghejdi

tidi mc dm~wkti gioi kjtmpgeo`kedip dm gecip# ~mpi teo`kj mxkwtm }je

bpej w}~mpakgkm dm gijtegti dm mwtm eb}e gij mc ekpm eo`kmjtm*

Mjmpbtkgeomjtm mw mc ow dmwegijwmfe`cm { tej wci he dm ede~/

tepwm mj wkt}egkijmw mj cew u}m ji wme qke`cm g}ecu}kmp itpe wic}gkj*

Dm~mjdkmjdi dm ce geckded dmc eb}e# wm dm`m dm gijwkdmpep mc ew/

~mgti cko~kmve dm ce w}~mpakgkm dm ciw dm~wktiw gioi bmjmpedipe dm }j

~pi`cmoe# e qmgmw dm wic}gkj giwtiwe*

Ce dm~iwkgkj dm wecmw wi`pm ce w}~mpakgkm# ew gioi ce aipoegkj dm

ecbew# wij ~pi`cmoew u}m wm ~}mdmj ~pmwmjtep gij aegkckded*


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KJTMPGEO@KEDIP DM ^CEGEW

Mj ce ~bkje ejtmpkip mwtj pm~pmwmjtediw ciw tpmw tk~iw dm kjtmp/

geo`kedipmw ow }w}ecmw gij mc w}akgkmjtm dmteccm# gioi ~epe u}m ~}m/

dej qecipepwm cew dkampmjgkew gijwtp}gtkqew mjtpm mcciw*

Mc dm ~cegew# ig}~e o}{ ~igi mw~egki { mw ~ip ecti gimakgkmjtm dm

tpejwokwkj dm gecip { ~ip w} wmjgkccmv dm gijwtp}ggkj# mc ow pmjte`cm

mgijokgeomjtm ~epe g}o~ckp gij }jew dmtmpokjedew mxkbmjgkew dm

tpejwokwkj dm gecip*

Gijwte dm }je wmpkm dm ~cegew dm egmpi kjixkde`cm# mwteo~edew gij

}j dmtmpokjedi ~mpakc# mj a}jgkj dm ce e~ckgegkj u}m wm cm qe{e e dep

(gijakb}pegkj mj "pew~e dm ~mwgedi" i "hkbkjkge"+# ~ip cew u}m wm hegmgkpg}cep mjtpm gede diw ~cegew ectmpjetkqew mc ac}kdi e mjapkep { ~ip mw~e/

gki mjtpm mwtew mc ac}kdi api*

E akj dm mqktep ce omvgce dm ciw diw ac}kdiw# gede ~cege ccmqe }je f}j/

te dm oetmpkec mcewtompi u}m g}ejdi wm dkw~ijm wi`pm }j èwtkdip }je

gijtpe ce itpe { wm e~pkmtej ciw mw~ppebiw dm gkmppm dmc gijf}jti# gijwk/

b}mj }je mwteju}mkded titec*

W} bpej dmwqmjtefe# mw u}m dm`kdi e w} ~pi~ke gijakb}pegkj# ciw ac}kdiw

u}m hej dm ~ewep# hej dm mwtep titecomjtm cko~kiw# ~}mw dm ji wmp ew wm

i`wtp}kpej gij w}oe aegkckded# { ~ip tejti cew ceìpmw dm cko~kmve { dm

oejtmjkokmjti kjtmpampkpej mj mc ~pigmwi dm mjapkeokmjti*

Mwtj egijwmfediw ~epe mjapkeokmjti dm oiwtiw `cejgiw# cko~kiw

~pigmdmjtmw dm akctpi dm qegki i dm ~cegew i dm dmw`}pèdipmw* Dmwegij/

wmfeoiw titecomjtm ~epe piwediw ~pigmdmjtmw dkpmgteomjtm dmc wejbpe/di { cbkgeomjtm ~epe tkjtiw*

KJTMPGEO@KEDIP O]CTKT]@]CEP

Mwt aipoedi ~ip }j hev dm t}ìw# dkw~}mwtiw mj mc kjtmpkip dm }je

gepgewe* îp mc kjtmpkip dm ciw t}ìw# gkpg}ce mc oiwti i qkji e mjapkep {

~ip mc mxtmpkip# gkpg}ce mc eb}e ape*


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Diw ~cegew o}ctkt}`}cepmw wkt}edew mj ciw mxtpmoiw dm ciw t}ìw#

gkmppej mc hev t}`}cep# omdkejtm wicded}pe dm ciw okwoiw e ce ~cege# i

omdkejtm oejdpkjedi*

Cew dkomjwkijmw wij oe{ipmw u}m mc dm ~cegew# ~mpi ~ip mc kjtmpkip

dm mwtiw t}ìw# g}{i dkomtpi (dm~mjdkmjdi dm ce ge~egkded dm kjtmp/

geo`ki+# ~}mdm wmp# dmwdm 0= e => oo*# ~}mdmj ~ewep oiwtiw gij oetm/

pke wckde mj w}w~mjwkj# u}m ji wme mxgmwkqeomjtm qic}okjiwe< ~ip w}/

~}mwti ji ~}mdmj ~ewepwm ~ewtew dm tkjtiw*

Mj mc gkpg}kti dmc eb}e# wm dkw~ijm }je wmpkm dm wm~epedipmw# dm oe/

jmpe u}m wm i`ckb}m e ce gippkmjtm e hegmp }j pmgippkdi mj vkbveb*

Mj mc gkpg}kti dm oiwti# wm cm i`ckbe e pmeckvep qepkiw pmgippkdiw dmkde { q}mcte e ci cepbi dm ce cijbkt}d dm ciw t}ìw# gijd}gkdi ~ip ce dkw~i/

wkgkj dm }jiw dmtmpokjediw jmpqkiw wm~epedipmw dkw~}mwtiw mj ciw mx/

tpmoiw dmc hev t}`}cep*

Dm`kdi e ciw geo`kiw `p}wgiw# mj ce dkpmggkj dmc oiwti# wm ~pid}/

gm }je ~pdkde dm gepbe mcmqede u}m tkmjm u}m wmp wi~iptede ~ip cew

oejb}mpew i cew t}`mpew dm mjtpede dmc oiwti ec kjtmpgeo`kedip { ~}m/

dm ccmbep e wmp ipkbmj dm pit}pew*

KJTMPGEO@KEDIP T]@]CEP DM T]@I MJ T]@I

@wkgeomjtm# mw }j t}ì dmjtpi dm itpi# ~ip dijdm mc oiwti e mj/

apkep gkpg}ce ~ip mc t}ì kjtmpkip { mc eb}e ape# ~ip mc mw~egki ej}cep u}m

u}mde mjtpm mc t}ì kjtmpkip { mc t}ì mxtmpkip*

Ce }jkj mjtpm }j t}ì { itpi# tkmjm c}bep omdkejtm g}pqew dm eo/~cki pedki# pmeckvedew gij mc okwoi dkomtpi dmc t}ì kjtmpkip# dm oejmpe

u}m ji he{ jkjbj i`wtg}ci u}m ~}mde mjtip~mgmp ce gippkmjtm dm oiwti

mjtpm mc t}ì pmgti { ce g}pqe dm geo`ki dm dkpmggkj*

Ce dkpmggkj dmc oiwti { ce dmc eb}e# wij mj gijtpegippkmjtm ~}pe {

~ip tejti ~mpoktm e kb}ecded dm w}~mpakgkm dm tpejwokwkj# gijwmb}kp kj/

tmpgeo`kep }je gejtkded dm gecip oe{ip u}m mj o}ctkt}`}cep*


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Mc giwti dm ae`pkgegkj# mw i`qkeomjtm ow mcmqedi u}m mc o}ctkt}/

`}cep# ~mpi ~mpoktm mc ~ewi hewte dm ~ewtew dm tkjti# gij }je ~pdkde dm

gepbe pmd}gkde* Apmjtm e }je gepgewe jkge ~epe tidi mc hev t}`}cep# eu}

wm ~pmgkwe }je ~ip gede }ji dm ciw t}ìw*

MWU]MOEW BMJMPECMW DM MJAPKEOKMJTI

Pmgipdmoiw u}m ci w}`dkqkdeoiw mj diw bpejdmw bp}~iw6

5*/ U}m i~mpej wkj oiqkokmjti dmc oiwti i qkji e mjapkep# tecmw gioi6

/ Wmp~mjtkjmw ~ip ciw u}m wm hegm ~ewep mc ac}kdi api ~ip w} kjtmpkip

mwtejdi w}ompbkdiw mj mc dm~wkti e mjapkep*

/ D}ghe dm eb}e ape ec mxtmpkip dmc dm~wkti mj ampomjtegkj ~ip ci

bmjmpec omtckgi*

/ Di`cm geokwe mj mc dm~wkti# mwtejdi mj mc kjtmpkip mc oiwti {

hegkmjdi ~ewep eb}e ape i `kmj }je omvgce gij mtkcmjbckgic# wk wm

tpete dm mwte`kckvep qkji*

/ Dm~wktiw wkt}ediw mj mc kjtmpkip dm }je goepe egijdkgkijede e

cew tmo~mpet}pew u}m wm dmwmej i`tmjmp*

0*/ U}m i~mpej gij oiqkokmjti dmc oiwti# tecmw gioi6

/ Kjtmpgeo`kejdi gecip gij }j kjtmpgeo`kedip dm ~cegew i o}ctkt}/

`}cep i dm t}ì mj t}ì# mj ciw u}m ~ip }j gkpg}kti wm hegm ~ewep mc

~pid}gti e mjapkep { ~ip itpi eb}e*

/ Ciw qkjkakgedipmw "D}gmcckmp" u}m ~piqigej mc oiqkokmjti dmc

oiwti e~piqmghejdi ce ~pmwkj mfmpgkde ~ip mc GI0 dmw~pmjdkdi

mj ce ampomjtegkj*

Dm tidiw mwtiw wkwtmoew# egio~eeoiw mj ~bkjew wkb}kmjtmw ecb}/

jiw mwu}moew dm a}jgkijeokmjti u}m ~mpoktmj }je oe{ip gio~pmjwkj#

~mpi he{ }j aegtip gioj mj tidiw mcciw { mw ce }jkded mjapkedipe dmcu}kdi {e wme dm gijdmjwegkj ~ip eb}e i ~ip ekpm*


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WKWTMOEW DM GIJTPIC DM TMO^MPET]PE

Hmoiw pm~pmwmjtedi dm aipoe bpakge# ciw dkqmpwiw wkwtmoew u}m e

gijtkj}egkj dmwgpk`koiw6

OEJ]EC6

Mc ~pigmdkokmjti# mw mc u}m jipoecomjtm wm mwt mo~cmejdi mj mc

gijtpic ~mpkdkgi u}m dm dmjwkdedmw { tmo~mpet}pe# wm pmeckve d}pejtm ce

ampomjtegkj*

Gij }j tmpoomtpi tioeoiw ce tmo~mpet}pe dmc oiwti mj ampomj/

tegkj { wk he wi`pm~ewedi mc coktm akfedi# wm e`pkp ce cceqm dm ~ewi dmceb}e ape (gioi wm pmacmfe mj mc mwu}moe+# i wm wegep mc oiwti ~epe

hegmpci kjtmpgeo`kep gecip# wk mc wkwtmoe dm gijtpic mw gij oiqkokmjti

dmc oiwti mj ampomjtegkj* Wm dmfep dm w}okjkwtpep eb}e ape# i dm mj/

apkep mc oiwti g}ejdi wm ccmb}m ec coktm dm tmo~mpet}pe akfedi gioi

ojkoi*

E]TIOETKGI6

Wk }j tmpoiwteti# i }j gijtpicedip dm tk~i dkbktec# dmtmgte gijtkj}e/

omjtm ce tmo~mpet}pe dm ampomjtegkj# omdkejtm }jew wijdew kjtpid}gk/

dew mj mc okwoi# ~}mdm dep }je ipdmj dm e~mpt}pe e }je qcq}ce wicmjik/

dm# u}m dmfe ~ewep mc eb}e dm pmapkbmpegkj mjapkejdi ec oiwti { ~}mdm

dep ce ipdmj dm gkmppm g}ejdi wtm ccmb}m ec qecip ojkoi ~pmakfedi*

Wk cew wijdew wij dm ^t/5>> [ ce dkwtejgke mjtpm mccew { mc gijtpice/

dip mw bpejdm# he{ u}m g}kdep mc u}m ce kjwtecegkj mcgtpkge wm pmeckgm gijge`cm e~ejteccedi# ~epe mqktep kjac}mjgkew mxtmpkipmw*


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E]TIOETKGI GIJ IPDMJEDIP6

Wk edmow dm cew gepegtmpwtkgew ejtmpkipmw# dkw~ijmoiw dm wijdewu}m dmtmgtmj ce dmjwkded { mc ~H# { mwtiw detiw wij tioediw mj ~mpkidi

dm tkmo~i dmtmpokjediw# ~idpmoiw gijwmb}kp }j hkwtipkec gio~cmtwkoi

dmc dmweppicci dm ce ampomjtegkj* Mwtm wkwtmoe {e he{ mj o}ghew `idm/

bew dm Mw~ee { gijwkdmpeoiw u}m mw tgjkgeomjtm ce wic}gkj kdmec*


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El Frío en Enología II. Aplicaciones