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Radioactive WasteManagement at Paks NPP

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Content

• Introduction• WAC in Hungary

• Waste classification and characterization

• Data collection• Transport and Final disposal

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Budapest:  - Budapest Research Reactor

- Training Reactor at the Budapest University of Technology and Economics

Püspökszilágy:  - Radioactive Waste Treatment and Disposal Facility (RWTDF)

Paks:  - Nuclear Power Plant

- Interim Spent Fuel Storage Facility (ISFSF)

Bátaapáti:  - National Radioactive Waste Repository (NRWR)

Mecsek Hills:  - Area investigated for HLW repository

Budapest 

Paks 

Bátaapáti 

Püspökszilágy 

A 

SK 

SLO  RO 

SRB 

HR 

UA Vienna 

Mecsek Hi l ls  

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Facilities and Activities in Hungary

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Introduction

The radioactive wastes generated in

Hungary mainly originate from theoperation of Paks NPP.

This facility provides 40 % of the

produced electrical energy of

Hungary, based on Soviet-design

WWER-440/213 type reactors

Four units. 

Main Projects:

• Service Life Extension

• Capacity Upgrade

• New Unit(s)

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National figuresshare of the MVM Paks Nuclear Power Plant Ltd.

The units of the MVM Paks NPP Ltd. produced 15 793 GWh

electric-energy in 2012

Imports

Other domestic

production

Nuclear

Import: 7 965,8 GWh

Domestic production: 34 408,9 GWh

Share of nuclear within domestic

production: 45,89 %

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Solid Waste

• 170 m3/y (850 drums/y)

Distribution:

 – Compacted: 55 %

 – Non-compacted: 30%

 – Filters: 5 %

 – Sludge (from the bottom of the

items of equipment): 10 %

Liquid Waste• Evaporation residues: 250 m3/y

• Ion exchange resins: 5 m3/y

•  Acidizing solutions of evaporator: 15 m3/y

• Decontamination solutions (separately

since 2003): 220 m3

• Sludge:

 – Settling tank: 270 m3  – Evaporation bottom tanks: 270 m3 

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VOLUME OF RADIOACTIVE WASTE

Wet Waste

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Developments in the legal framework

The Act on Atomic Energy was amended in 2011. Changes

relevant to SF/RW management are:• A national programme for RW and SF management has tobe maintained by the national waste management

organization (PURAM Ltd.)

• Any closure option of the fuel cycle  –  not only disposal  – can be financed by the Central Nuclear Financial Fund

New executive orders of the Act on Atomic Energy:

 Amendment of the Nuclear Safety Codes

Legislation work is going on in order to transpose the new

COUNCIL DIRECTIVE 2011/70/Euratom

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The Central Nuclear Financial Fund

The Central Nuclear Financial Fund (CNFF) /established by the Act in 1998/

• all costs of RW and SF management as well as closure of the fuel cycleand decommissioning

• the main contributor is the Paks NPP

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

   B   i    l    l   i   o   n

   H   U   F

 665 million EUR

 Accumulation in CNFF

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Scope of duties

Paks NPP

Collection

Treatment

Conditioning

Characterization

Interim storage

PURAM

Buffer storage

Overpacking

Disposal

   T  a   k  e  -  o  v  e

  r ,   t  r  a  n  s  p  o  r   t  a   t   i  o  n

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• The operation of NPP must be free of disturbancepotentially caused by the presence of radioactive wastes

• Waste volume optimization/minimisation with the use of

suitable techniques

• Waste treatment processes must be capable of

generating waste packages to satisfy all WAC

• Safe interim storage until transport to final disposal facility

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Goals of waste producer

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Process of classification

Waste produced in controlled zone

Radioactive waste Waste for clearance

< 1 µSv/h > 10 mSv/h Preclassification

Waste assay Waste assay

HLW

Scaling factor

Final disposal

Waste processing plant

Municipal dump

Metalworks, etc.

Interim storage

LILW CLW

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The basic of WAC

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Hungarian

legistlationsSafety

 Assessment

 Authority

requirements

International

recommendation

Waste Acceptance CriteriaTaking into account the transportation, storage and finaldisposal technology aspects

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Criteria for the waste form

• Structural stability

• voids volume could not exceed 10 %

• compressive strength shall be in the range of 10-30 N/mm2

• leaching rate limit is 3*10-5 g/cm2/day

• Free liquid criterion is 1% (volume)

• Limit for the corrosive materials is 1% (mass)

• Limit of chelating and complexing agents is 0,5% (mass)

• The amount of gas generating materials should be kept as

low as possible

• If the heat generation is higher than 3,5 W/m3, the impact onthe waste form should be evaluated

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Criteria for the waste package

• Size of the package shall be chosen for the purpose ofeasy handling, storing (systematically) and transport

• No parts causing hurt or uneasy handling should be

formed on the package

• The contact dose rate should be kept below 2,5 mSv/h• Surface contamination limits

• Beta, gamma: 4 Bq/cm2

• Gamma: 0,4 Bq/cm2

• Packages shall be provided with identification numbers

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Collection of data

COLLECTION CONDITIONING CLASSIFICATION

INTERIM

STORAGE

Fixed collection

device

Mobile

collection device

Handover/acceptancereport

Waste assayreport

• point of origin,

• physical state,

• type of waste,

• danger of treatment,

• dose rate,

• activity concentration,

• mass,

• date of measurement,

• storage position,

• special properties• treatment method,

• date of treatment,

• package

identification

DATABASE SYSTEM

Generation of handover/acceptance report between Paks NPP and PURAM

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The waste producer has to ensure that the produced wastefulfil all requirements

Valuation included the checking of:

• Procedures of treatment, conditioning, packaging and

transport,

• Operational condition,

• Control procedures of technical parameters,

• Operation of equipments and devices,

•  Assessment, reports and statements.

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Supervision

Qualification of the whole process

Self-control

Authority controlControl by PURAM

Public control

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First transport from the NPP

site

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Transport to the NRWR

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First transport: 02. 12. 2008.

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Arrangement of transport

One shipment: 16 drums (4 holder)

Specific shielding for drums if they

doserate above 2 mSv/h

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NRWR f L/ILW t f l l t

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NRWR for L/ILW waste of nuclear power plant

origin

• Bátaapáti: NRWR -

commissioning of thefirst underground

disposal gallery in 2012

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Waste to be placed in Bátaapáti 

• 30 years initial lifetime for the reactors• Estimated amount of waste:

 – Operational waste: ~20.000m3

• Solid waste 200 l drum

• Cemented concentrate 400 l drum

• Ion exchange resins 200 l drum

 – Decommissioning waste:~20.000m3

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Technological Storage Building – Buffer Storage

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Fi t h b t i t ti

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First chamber put into operation

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C t d F th Ch ll i Bát áti

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Current and Further Challenges in Bátaapáti 

Licensing (pre-operational safety case submitted inJune, 2012) of the first gallery

2012 December: start of disposal operation

Continuous waste shipments from the NPP

2nd stage: an optimized disposal concept is under

preparation. The construction of further disposal

galleries could be done hopefully by implementing this

new concept. This enables that the first tunnel field

will be enough to accommodate the waste generated

during the originally planned life time of the NPP.

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Ch i th t k d i th di l

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Change in the waste package and in the disposal

concept

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F th ti i ti

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Further optimizations

• More drummed waste than place in the compact

waste packages• More drummed waste in the vault

• New disposal chambers can have bigger

diameters therefore more compact waste

packages can be disposed in them.

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ISFSF IN HUNGARY

ISFSF planned for 50 years of storageEntered into operation in 1997 with 3 vaults

Stages 1&2: 16 vaults with 450 tubes each ( 7200)

Further stages with 527 tubes/vault

Stored assemblies: 5107 by 2008, 5587 by 2009

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Back-end of the Nuclear Fuel Cycle

There is no approved strategy for the back-end.

Practically a „do and see” strategy is implemented

with a reference scenario, which is currently the direct

disposal of SF (basis for the cost calculation).

The end-point is clearly defined: the SF together with

other HLW and/or long-lived waste shall be disposed

of in a domestic deep geological repository.

DO:  preparing the domestic DGR

SEE:  following and incorporating the

developments in the field of the back-end28

S

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• Waste classification is part of the waste

treatment process

• Aligned activity of every participant

Waste producer, operator of waste treatment technologies,

dosimetry service, waste classification group

• Generated data has to satisfy criteria

Clearance level citeria, waste acceptance criteria

• Strict control over all stages of wastetreatment, mostly the operation of waste

producers at the plant site.

Summary

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Thank You For Your Attention!