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ENDOCRINOLOGY

P. Shyi-Gang Wang, Ph. D.

Department of Physiology,

School of Medicine

National Yang-Ming University

Taipei 11221, Taiwan, Republic of China

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王錫崗 教授•台灣 台北市北投區（ 11221 ）立農街二段155 號

•國立陽明大學醫學院生理學科暨生理學研究所

• Tel: 886-2-28267082

• Fax: 886-2-28264049

• E-mail: pswang@ym.edu.tw

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Chapter I. Introduction

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4Weichert Anatomy of the Chordates 1965 3th ed #662

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Weichert Anatomy of the Chordates 1965 3th ed #661

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Endocrine Gland Hormone

Blood Stream

Target Organ Soma

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Receptors

Actions

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Hormone

a Greek word meaning “stimulate”

first used by Bayliss and Starling in 1904 for the finding of secretin

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Definition of Hormone

1. A chemical substance

2. Produced by ductless gland(s)

3. Transported by blood stream

4. Physiological control effects; control of metabolic functions

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Physiological Properties of Hormones

1. small amounts (pg~μg)

2. the secretion rate is determined by the need

3. no effect on the source

4. act on soma or target organs

5. as trigger substances

6. may have many effects, e.g. oxytocin

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Mono- Hexa-

Bi- (Di-) Hepta-

Tri- Octa-

Tetra- Nona-

Penta- Deca-

e.g. Tetradecapeptide (14 AA)

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Endocrine and Nervous Systems Both are coordinating systems; providing for

homeostasis, integration, differentiation, and growth.

Comparison N Eroute wire wireless

signals electric impulse chemicals

speed fast (msec) slow (sec to days)

Neuroendocrinology = CNS + Hypophysis

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12McDonald Veterinary Endocrinology and Reproduction 1976 2nd ed

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Substances from Neurosecretory Cells

Neurohumors1. do not enter the circulation2. excite the adjacent cells3. e.g. EP, NE

Neurohormones1. enter the circulation2. excite the target cells3. e.g. hypothalamic releasing hormones

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Hormone Regulation 1. Feedback: negative and positive A B

2. Three loops (1). long feedback loop: H/P target (2). short feedback loop: H P (3). ultra short feedback loop: H H Nonhormonal Control 1. light 2. stress 3. sleeping 4. feeding 5. others

Regulation of Hormone Secretion

-+

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a

b

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Caligaris, Astrada, & Taleisnik (Argentina), Endocrinology 88:810, 1971

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GLUCOSE

BETA CELL

INSULINPS Wang/ 2004.05

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Chemical Classes of Hormones

1. Peptide, protein hormones

2. Amino acid derivatives

3. Steroids and lipids

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Hormones1. Peptides, Protein Hormones (1). Pituitary Gland (Hypophysis)

A. Adenohypophysis a. Pars distalis growth hormone (GH, somatotrophin); Adrenocorticotrophin (ACTH,

corticotrophin); Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH, thyrotrophin); Male: Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH); Interstitial-cell- stimulating hormones (ICSH, luteinizing hormone, LH);

Female: FSH; LH; Prolactin b. Pars intermedia Melanocyte-stimulating hormones (α- and β-MSH, Intermedin) B. Neurohypophysis (posterior lobe)

Oxytocin (Let-down factor, milk-ejection factor); Vasopressin (anti- diuretic hormone, ADH)

(2). Pancreas Insulin; Glucagon (3). Ovary Relaxin; Inhibin (4). Thyroid Thyrocalcitonin (calcitonin) (5). Parathyroid Parathyroid hormone (6). Kidney Erythropoietin; Renin (7). Stomach andGastrin; Enterogastrone; Cholecystokinin; Secretin; Duodenum Pancreozymin

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2. Amino Acid Derivatives (1). Thyroid Thyroxin; Triiodothyronine (2). Adrenal Medulla Norepinephrine; Epinephrine (3). Pineal gland Melatonin (4). Argentaffin cells, Sterotonin (5-hydroxy-tryptamin

e) platelets, nerves

3. Steroids and Lipids (1). Testes Androgen (testosterone) (2). Ovary Estrogen (estradiol-17β) (3). Corpus luteum Progesterone (4). Adrenal cortex Hydrocortisone; Cortisone;

Aldosterone (5). Prostate, Seminal Prostaglandins

Vesicles, Brain, Nerve

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Hypothalamic HormonesOxytocin --------------------------- 9 A.A., PV.Vasopressin (ADH) ------------- 9 A.A., SO.LHRH (GnRH) ------------------- 10 A.A.FSHRHTRH -------------------------------- 3 A.A.Somatostatin (SRIF) ----------- 14 A.A.GRFPIF (= Dopamine ?)PRF (= TRH or serotonin ?)CRFMIFMRF

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