English Vocabulary

Lecture 1

“ 没有语法不能很好地表达，而没有词汇则什么也不能表达。”

Call the rollCall the roll

Today’s lectureToday’s lecture

I. About this course

II. Basic vocabulary knowledge

III. Some vocabulary learning skills

Classroom arrangementClassroom arrangement

• 单周：中 3-2341

• 双周（包括本周）：中 3-3315

Course RequirementsCourse Requirements

• Regular attendance • Class performance • Quiz• Homework

Final ResultFinal Result• 学期总成绩 = 平时成绩 (60%)+ 期末成绩 (40%)• 平时成绩 60%

• 期末成绩 40%

小测验 (quiz) 40%

课堂表现 (performance)10%

出勤 (attendance)10%

About quizAbout quiz

• Dictation; • Explaining English words; • Filling in blanks with Chinese meaning given; • Word matching; • Cloze; • Reading comprehension• Translation

AttendanceAttendance

Total points 10, butLateness -1Leave Sick -1 Private -1 Business (with official proof)Absence -3Note: As for the sick leave, the first 2 times will be pardoned.

Vocabulary book for this courseVocabulary book for this course

《淘金式巧攻大学英语词汇 4 级分册》 5.0升级版

2005 年 2 月第 5 版伍乐其主编

中山大学出版社定价 14.80元

Content of the bookContent of the book

• 内容 :

• 注 : 由于四级题型的变化，书中所区分的高频和低频没有意义。教学中只按照 lesson 的编号进行。

60 个 lessons ( 约 2100 个单词 )

领会式掌握词汇约 900 单词总数约为 3000 词

Vocabulary in CET 4Vocabulary in CET 4

• 1999 《大学英语四级考试大纲》对四级词汇的要求是：“领会式掌握 4200单词（其中复用式掌握的单词为 2500 ），以及由这些词构成的常用词组1600 条（中学所掌握的词和词组均包括在内），并且有按照基本构词法识别生词的能力。”　

Vocabulary StudyVocabulary Study

A question• How do you learn vocabulary in the

past?

3 English words3 English words

• insight

• gallon

• coo

What do you think of vocabulary learning? How can you improve memorize vocabulary?

What does insight mean?What does insight mean?

in + sight = insight

inside + seeing = seeing into

deep + understanding = deep understanding

sentence meaning

• We must have an insight into consumers’ attitudes — what do people really think about counterfeit ( 假冒的 ) goods and why do they choose to buy or, indeed, not to buy, fake products.

Insight: the power of seeing into a situation; the power of using one’s mind to see or understand the true nature of a situation ； deep understanding ( 褒 ) 洞察力

More examples

• She is a woman of great insight.

• The scientist has an insight into the future of this technology.

gallongallon

e.g. A gallon of oil produces up to 0.67 gallons of gasoline.

A unit of volume; 1 gallon is about 4.5 litres

加仑

coocoo

• Her voice, when she spoke, was as sweet and soft as the cooing of a dove.

to make a sound like the soft

cry of a dove or pigeon; 咕咕地叫

Vocabulary and affix

Prefixes: modifying the meaning.

Suffixes: determining the parts of speech affix

Magniloquent :

magn(i)= big, great ( 大 ) ； loqu= language （语言、话） ; -ent 是一个形容词后Malodorous:

ma1= bad ， evil （不好的）， odor: 气味， ous 是形容词后缀 .

夸张的

有臭味的 ; 不合法的 ( 引申 )

Exercise:Exercise:With the meaning of the affixes given, choose the right answer or With the meaning of the affixes given, choose the right answer or

use the right words to fill in blanks.use the right words to fill in blanks.1. predict, ( pre-=before; dict=to say)The weather service centre predicts rain for tomorrow. A. 预告，预言 B. 汇报2. prescribe: pre-=before; scribe= writeThe law prescribes what should be done.A. 描述 B. 规定 3. prejudice: pre-=before, judice=judgementMany employers( 雇主 ) have a prejudice against women

workers. A. 喜爱 B. 偏见 4. postpone: post-=after; pon=putThe sports meeting was postponed because of rain.A. 推迟 B. 取消

5. childish: -ish=like …; of …Crying for things you can’t have is childish. A. 幼稚的 B. 愚蠢的6. enlarge ： en-=to make; Different people have different ways to enlarge

their vocabulary.A. 强化 B. 扩大7. enrich ： en-=to makeMusic can certainly enrich your whole life.A. 使明亮 B. 使丰富

8. imaginative: imagine= to form a picture, to think; -tive=active imaginary: imagine= to form a picture, to think; -ary=of…, being… imaginable: -able=able to be … V.edHe is an writer and he always brings his readers

into an totally unknown world. Harry Porter is just an character popular with

young men. It is that he failed in this exam because he was

always late for school.

imaginative

imaginary

imaginable

Vocabulary and PronunciationVocabulary and Pronunciation

ampere 安培calorie 卡路里pence 便士ounce 盎司volt 伏特watt 瓦ballet 芭蕾舞bowling 保龄球cartoon 卡通

golf 高尔夫guitar 吉他jazz 爵士乐champagne 香槟酒cigar 雪茄pudding 布丁soda 苏打toast 土司hormone 荷尔蒙

vitamin 维生素X-ray X 光tyre 轮胎

heroin 海洛因opium 鸦片

romantic 罗曼蒂克的typhoon 台风utopia 乌托邦

Exercise: Point out the Chinese meanings of the Exercise: Point out the Chinese meanings of the underlined words by means of their pronunciation.underlined words by means of their pronunciation.

1. I often use baby shampoo to wash my little son’s hair. 2. Penicillin is an effective medicine for reducing pain

and diminishing inflammation ( 消炎 ). 3. One shouldn’t drive after drinking whiskey.4. Some scientists are against cloning, that is, to make a

copy of a plant, animal or gene, in spite of some advantages that may be brought to the gene technology.

5. The old lady made a marathon speech of 6 hours which is a bore for everyone in the room

Vocabulary and ContextVocabulary and Context

I was trying to make up a good excuse.

She never goes out without making herself

up first.

Farming and mining make up most of the

country’s industry.

We often quarrel but we always make it up

soon after.

make up

ExerciseExercise

• 阅读短文，并借助上下文猜测短文中所列出的词语。猜词时从横线下面所列的若干词义选项中选择一项意思最接近的。

A drunk (1) decides to go ice fishing, so he gathers (2) his gear (3) and goes walking around until he finds a big patch (4) of ice. He heads (5) into the center of the ice and begins to saw (6) a hole.

All of a sudden, a loud booming (7) voice comes out of the sky. “You will find no fish under that ice.”

The drunk looks around, but sees no one. He starts sawing again. Once more, the voice speaks, “As I said before, there are no fish under the ice.”

The drunk looks all around, high and low, but can’t see a single soul (8). He picks up the saw (9) and tries one more time to finish. Before he can even start cutting, the huge (10) voice interrupts (11), “I have warned (12) you three times now. There are no fish!”

The drunk is now somewhat scared (13), so he asks the voice, “How do you know there are no fish? Are you God trying to warn me?”

“No”, the voice replied. “I am the manager of this hockey ( 冰球 ) area!”AA. area B. very loud C. cut D. person E. told what may happen, usually

something bad or dangerous F. person who has drunk too much wine G. stops him H. full of fear I. things needed for fishing J. deep K. gets L. goes M. cutting tool

Vocabulary Learning SkillsVocabulary Learning Skills

• Comparison( 比较法 )spelling attribute, distribute, contribute altitude 海拔高度 attitude 态度 latitude 纬度，范围usage and meaning depend on, count on, rely on lead to, result in, give rise to attribute to, owe to because of, owing to, due to

appeal 请求，对…有吸引力 appear 出现

Vocabulary Learning SkillsVocabulary Learning Skills

• Association ( 联想记忆 ) gl- 开头的单词大多有“闪光”的意思，表示发光，闪耀或表面光亮的东西。如： glass（玻璃）， glory （光荣） glow （发光） glitter （闪光） gleam （闪烁） gl-也与“看”有关，如 glance[ 一瞥（有意的）；扫视 ], glimpse[瞥见（无意的） ]

Vocabulary Learning SkillsVocabulary Learning Skills

• Association ( 联想记忆 ) fl- 听起来有飞翔流动的声音。flow 流动 flame 火焰 flood 洪水 float 漂流 fluid 流动性 flush 冲洗 flexible 是“灵活的”，可以想象成因为流动不固定而有灵活性。flu 流感（有意识的联系到“流”的意思中）。

heroine 中有二男二女和毒品： he, her, hero, heroine, heroin ( 海洛因 )

climb(攀登 ) 时要利用 limb （肢体）大夫 diagnose （诊断）病有时也用 nose 。科学理论的 example 和 sample （样品）都

（ ample ）大量存在。论堆（ heap ）卖的东西就便宜（ cheap ）。

widow 寡妇—— window 窗——寂寞的寡妇（ widow ）站在窗（ window ）前张望

scar伤疤—— car 小汽车——小汽车（ car ）被擦了一下，“嘶（ s ）”的一声，留下一道伤疤（ scar ）。

broom笤帚—— room房间； b象把朝上的笤帚——笤帚（ broom ）放在房间（ room ）把要朝上。

cylinder圆锥体——谐音：谁拎的——圆锥体没有把柄，不好拿，是谁拎的？

Vocabulary Learning SkillsVocabulary Learning Skills

• Frequent use.

How to be an efficient learner?How to be an efficient learner?Stage 1Stage 1

• 把每天要记忆的词汇分成 2-3段时间来记忆，多次少量比一次多量要效果好。

• 每次记忆新词之前，务必先浏览前一天已背词汇。

• 识记新词的第一步，就是把它大声地读出来。

• 识记新词务必理解其含义和用法，认真读例句，仍不明白查字典。

How to be an efficient learner?How to be an efficient learner? Stage 2 Stage 2

• 快速第一遍：每天 2 个 lessons ，约70 个单词。方法：读音 +理解含义用法 +标识难易程度。

• 强化标记内容第二遍• 查漏补缺第三遍• 融会贯通第四遍

背单词的误区背单词的误区• 企图找到一个好的记忆捷径 • 把背单词看成是极其痛苦的事情，不断可怜自己。

• 这页的单词没背下，决不前进。

More tips on learning new wordsMore tips on learning new words

• 背记的过程中应该不断调整自己• 不断变换方式 • 复习的窍门

艾宾浩斯遗忘曲线艾宾浩斯遗忘曲线

遗忘先慢后快的规律

4 小时

9 小时

• 及时复习。 • 多次复习。 • 间时复习。 • “ 使用“复习。

Today’s Homework Today’s Homework

• Learn the new words of Lesson 1 to Lesson 15.