Entrenador en Electricidad Electromecanica

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Building Training Systems

for the Global Workplace

For over four decades, Lab-Volt has provided state-of-the-art

systems for technician training in the basic and most advanced

applications of electricity and electronics, fluid power, industrial

controls, process control and instrumentation, mechatronics and

telecommunications.

Today, Lab-Volt’s highly effective approach to training and

education has earned us the distinction as the leading North

American producer of hands-on technical training systems. Key

to our success has been our ability to anticipate the applicationsof new technologies and develop modular training systems that

allow us to address the basic, as well as specialized, needs of

industry and education. In our approach to training and educa-

tion, we begin by carefully defining each new training need.

Next, we methodically design and create the best curriculum,

instrumentation, delivery method, management platform, and

laboratory furniture and configuration to suit real-world training

goals and the real needs of students and instructors. Lab-Volt

training systems are carefully balanced to provide a solid theoreti-

cal grounding in the subject matter, along with numerous and

diverse hands-on applications. By design, our first-quality,

industry-standard training systems are modular and open-ended

so that students may enter or exit a program at many points. Lab-

Volt training systems bring technical theory to life, teaching the

latest technologies along with valuable troubleshooting, critical

thinking, and reasoning skills.

Lab-Volt maintains a staff of

educators, instructional system

designers, and engineers who are

available to assist teachers, training

directors, and administrators in

designing program content, select-

ing or modifying equipment and

software, and providing profes-

sional teacher training.

In designing our laboratory

equipment, we ensure compatibility

with internat iona l power

requirements that prevail through-

out North America, Africa, Asia,

Europe, the Middle East, South

America, and Southeastern Asia.

Whether at a high school or com-

munity college in the United States,

an air traffic control center in Saudi

Arabia, or a technical institute in thePhilippines, Lab-Volt training sys-

tems provide state-of-the-art teach-

ing and classroom-management

tools built on computer-mediated

platforms that deliver, manage, and

control the educational process.

Lab-Volt’s systems have been

used to train technicians who are successfully employed in

leading multinational companies such as General Telephone &

Electronics, Lockheed Aviation, United States Steel, Western

Electric and Westinghouse, Intel and Micron Semiconductor, Ford

Motor Company, General Motors, IBEW, and many others. Inaddition, Lab-Volt-trained technicians hold positions throughout

the world at leading colleges, universities, educational ministries,

and military installations.

FACET®, Lab-Volt Simulation Systems®, Lab-Volt Automa-

tion™, and Tech-World® by Lab-Volt are among the most widely

used integrated technology education systems today. Trainees

in over 30,000 schools, industrial sites, and military installations

in over 50 countries worldwide use Lab-Volt systems to learn skills

that are necessary to keep up with the world’s rapid technological

growth well into the next millennium.


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– Electromechanical

– Power Electronics and Drives

– Power Transmission, Distribution, and

Protection

– Industrial Controls

– Digital and Analog Telecommunications

– Radar Technology

– Microwave Technology– Antenna

– Telephony

– Fiber Optic Communications

– Mechanical Systems

– Fluid Power

– Instrumentation and Process Control

– Web-Based Industrial Training

Automation and Robotics

– Exploratory Technology

Electronics

Electric Power and Controls

Telecommunications

Manufacturing / Mechatronics

Computer-Based Learning

–

– Communications

– Transportation

– Construction

– Manufacturing

– Bio-Related

– Applications in Manufacturing

– Applications in Information Technology

– Basic Principles of Electricity and Electronics– Circuit Simulations

– Digital and Microprocessor

– Telecommunications

– Industrial Electronics

Tech-Design

Tech-World

for

Electronics Training (FACET )

®

®

®

P.O. Box 686

Farmingdale, New Jersey, USA 07727

Telephone: (732) 938-2000 Fax: (732) 774-8573

Toll Free U.S. Telephone: (800) LAB-VOLT

E-MAIL: [email protected]

675, rue du Carbone

Charlesbourg, Québec, CANADA G2N 2K7

Telephone: (418) 849-1000 Fax: (418) 849-1666

Toll Free CanadaTelephone: (800) LAB-VOLT

E-MAIL: [email protected]

www.labvolt.com

MANUFACTURING AND

CENTRAL SALES OFFICES

LAB-VOLT SYSTEMS, INC.

LAB-VOLT LIMITED

LAB-VOLT’S WEB SITE

©Copyright 2007,Lab-Volt Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.All products featured in this guide are subject to change

without notice. Lab-Volt recognizes all product names used herein as trademarks or registered trade marks of

their respective holders. Lab-Volt is not responsible for typographical errors.

TECHNICAL TRAINING SYSTEMS


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INTERNATIONAL AWARD WINNER FOR

EXCELLENCE IN TECHNICAL TRAINING PRODUCTS

Lab-Volt is the proud recipient of more International Worlddidac Awards for product excellence than any other manufacturer

of scientific and technological training apparatus for student and classroom use. Lab-Volt serves thousands of trade schools,

colleges and universities, educational ministries, military training centers, and industrial plants throughout most countries in

Africa, Asia, Europe, the Middle East, Pacific Rim, and the Americas.

To meet the needs of its global customers, Lab-Volt has sales offices and manufacturing plants in the United States, Canada,

Malaysia, and Colombia, along with a network of factory-trained staff strategically placed around the world. Reflecting Lab-Volt's

commitment to high quality standards in product, design, development, production, installation, and service, our manufacturing

and distribution facility has received the ISO 9001 certification.

Lab-Volt is proud to continue the tradition of excellence that has become its international trademark.


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ELECTRIC POWER & CONTROLS

5

Electromechanical Training Systems

(EMS Series)

Lab-Volt has developed a modular approach in the study of

basic and advanced electric power technology. These sys-

tems, called EMS (Electromechanical Systems), contain many

types of modules: loads, power supplies, transformers, mea-suring instruments, machines, etc. The modular approach

allows the users to perform an unlimited number of setups.

Lab-Volt offers four systems to learn electrical power technol-

ogy.

0.2-kW ELECTROMECHANICAL TRAINING SYSTEM

The 0.2-kW Electromechanical Training System, Model 8001,

is a low-power educational system. The system allows the

students to perform laboratory observations using pointer measuring instruments. With this type of measuring instru-

ments, the students must read the data and manually transfer

the results in data tables. Laboratory reports can then be

produced manually or by using a personal computer.

COMPUTER-ASSISTED 0.2-kW ELECTROMECHANICAL TRAINING

SYSTEM

To provide new opportunities for laboratory measurements

and observations, Lab-Volt has developed the Computer-

Assisted 0.2-kW Electromechanical Training System, Model

8006. This system uses a data acquisition interface module,

a computer, and a data acquisition and management software

to measure, observe, and analyze electrical and mechanical

parameters. The Data Acquisition and Management system

(LVDAM-EMS) is specially developed by Lab-Volt to perform

electrical measurements and observations in an educational

context. This computer-based approach makes it possible to

significantly decrease the time required by the students to

perform the exercises and to produce laboratory

reports. Moreover, this new approach allows students to

integrate modern measuring instruments such as an 8-traces

oscilloscope, phasor analyzer, harmonic analyzer, mechanical

and VA power meters, which are not available in the 8001

system.


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LVSIM ®-EMS SIMULATION SOFTWARE

The exercises of the Computer-Assisted 0.2-kW

Electromechanical Training System, Model 8006,

can also be performed using the simulation soft-

ware LVSIM-EMS developed by Lab-Volt. The

LVSIM-EMS simulation software, Model 8970,

integrates a 3D visual interface that provides

faithful reproductions of all modules in the 8006

system. Virtual modules are inserted into a virtual

workstation by the students and interconnected

using leads. Once a setup is completed, it is

powered by a virtual power supply module, and

the calculation engine, developed by Lab-Volt,

determines the voltages, currents, speed, torque

and all other parameters related to the modules

in the setup. Since LVSIM-EMS includes the

same computer-based instruments as in the

Lab-Volt Data Acquisition and Management for

Electromechanical Systems (LVDAM-EMS), stu-dents obtain the same results as those obtained

with the actual equipment. Because the calculation engine operates in a continuous mode, students can immediately observe

the effect of a parameter change in the equipment setup. Note that being familiar with the notions of conventional simulation

software is not necessary for students to use the system.

2-kW ELECTROMECHANICAL TRAINING SYSTEM

For those who prefer to handle higher power

machines, Lab-Volt offers the 2-kW Electromechanical Training System,

Model 8013. This system is offered with

pointer measuring instruments only.


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Three-Phase Wound-Rotor Induction Motor

0.2-kW Electromechanical Training SystemMODEL 8001

The 0.2-kW Electromechanical Training System, Model 8001,

was developed by educators to satisfy educational require-

ments that include industrial applications of electric power

technology. The design objective was to develop a low-powereducational system with equipment that operates like indus-

trial equipment. Through careful attention to engineering

detail, the Lab-Volt EMS System meets this objective, and in

so doing, provides laboratory results that are easy to under-

stand, with data values that are easily observed.

The system’s modular approach allows new equipment

to be added to existing EMS laboratories without needless

duplication of equipment. There are two standard module

sizes: full size, 308 mm (12.1 in) high, and half size, 154 mm

(6.1 in) high. The modules are constructed of heavy-gauge

steel, finished in baked enamel. Symbols and diagrams spe-

cific to each module are clearly silk-screened on the frontpanels. Standard, color-coded, 4-mm safety jacks are used to

interconnect all system components.

All machines have cutaway bell housings (front and rear)

to permit visual inspection of the internal construction and

observation of the machine during operation.

The metering modules are designed to cover the complete

range of required measurements with a minimum number of

meters. The AC ammeter and voltmeter modules contain

three meters for simultaneously measuring all three currents

and voltages in three-phase systems.

All meters are designed to sustain starting currents even

when used on a low range. Wattmeters are internally con-

nected to read power directly when the input is connected

to the source and the output to the load. Protection of vulnera-

ble meter components is accomplished without fuses.


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TOPIC COVERAGEPower Circuits

! Series and Parallel Equivalent Resistances

! Resistances in Parallel

! Resistances in Series and in Series-Parallel

! Safety and the Power Supply

! Ohm’s Law

! Circuit Solution, Part I

! Circuit Solution, Part II

! Power in DC Circuits, Part I

! Power in DC Circuits, Part II

! The Transmission Line

! AC Voltage and Current

! AC Voltage and Current Measurement

! The Wattmeter

! Phase Angle, Real and Apparent Power

! Capacitive Reactance

! Inductive Reactance

! Watt, Var, Volt-Ampere and Power Factor

! Vectors and Phasors – Series Circuits

! Vectors and Phasors – Parallel Circuits

! Impedance

! Three-Phase Circuits

! Three-Phase Watts, Vars and Volt-Amperes

! Three-Phase Power Measurement

! Phase Sequence

DC Machines

! Prime Mover & Torque Measurement

! The Direct Current Motor, Part I

! The Direct Current Motor, Part II

! The DC Shunt Motor

! The DC Series Motor

! The DC Compound Motor! The DC Separately-Excited Shunt Generator

! The DC Self-Excited Shunt Generator

! The DC Compound Generator

! The DC Motor Starter

! Thyristor Speed Controller

! Thyristor Speed Controller with Regulation

Single-Phase Transformers and AC Machines

! The Single-Phase Transformer

! Transformer Polarity

! Transformer Regulation

! The Autotransformer

! Transformers in Parallel

! Distribution Transformer


! The Split-Phase Induction Motor, Part I! The Split-Phase Induction Motor, Part II

! The Split-Phase Induction Motor, Part III

! The Capacitor-Start Motor

! The Capacitor-Run Motor

! The Universal Motor, Part I

! The Universal Motor, Part II

Three-Phase Transformers and AC Machines

! Three-Phase Transformer Connections


! The Wound-Rotor Induction Motor, Part I

! The Wound-Rotor Induction Motor, Part II

!

The Wound-Rotor Induction Motor, Part III! The Squirrel-Cage Induction Motor

! The Synchronous Motor, Part I

! The Synchronous Motor, Part II

! The Synchronous Motor, Part III

! The Three-Phase Alternator

! The Alternator Under Load

! Alternator Synchronization

! Alternator Power

! The Three-Phase Induction Motor Starters

! Frequency Conversion

! Reactance and Frequency

! Selsyn Control

ESTIMATED PROGRAM HOURS

150 Hours

SYSTEM VOLTAGES

120 V, 60 Hz

220 V, 50 Hz

240 V, 50 Hz


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Computer-Assisted 0.2-kW Electromechanical Training SystemMODEL 8006

The Computer-Assisted 0.2-kW Electromechanical TrainingSystem, Model 8006, is a modern modular program that

provides new opportunities for laboratory observations in the

study of electric power technology.

The system is based on the same modular approach as

the 8001 Training System. However, instead of using pointer

measuring instruments, it uses a computer-based system for

measuring, observing, and analyzing electrical and mechani-

cal parameters in electric power systems and power electron-

ics circuits.

The computer-based system, referred to as the Lab-Volt

Data Acquisition and Management for Electromechanical

Systems (LVDAM-EMS), Model 9062, allows training invarious areas, such as electric power technology, AC/DC

machines, and power electronics, using modern and versatile

measuring instruments.

The exercises of the manuals Power Circuits and Trans-

formers, and AC/DC Motors and Generators have been up-

dated to account for the special capabilities of the computer-

based measuring instruments, and of the evolution in the field

of modern electrical engineering.

TOPIC COVERAGEPower Circuits and Transformers

! Fundamentals for Electric Power Technology

– Voltage, Current, Ohm’s Law

– Equivalent Resistance

– Power in DC Circuits

– Series and Parallel Circuits

! Alternating Current

– The Sine Wave

– Instantaneous Power

– Phase Angle

! Capacitors in AC Circuits

– Capacitive Reactance

– Equivalent Capacitance– Capacitive Phase Shift and Reactive Power

! Inductors in AC Circuits

– Inductive Reactance

– Equivalent Inductance

– Inductive Phase Shift and Reactive Power


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Metering Panel in LVDAM-EMS

! Power, Phasors and Impedance in AC Circuits

– Power in AC Circuits

– Vectors & Phasors in Series AC Circuits

– Vectors & Phasors in Parallel AC Circuits

– Impedance


– Balanced Three-Phase Circuits

– Three-Phase Power Measurement

– Phase Sequence! Single-Phase Transformer

– Voltage and Current Ratios

– Transformer Polarity

– Transformer Regulation

! Special Transformer Connections

– The Autotransformer

– Transformers in Parallel

– Distribution Transformers

! Three-Phase Transformers

– Three-Phase Transformer Connections

– Voltage and Current Relationships

– The Open-Delta Connection

AC/DC Motors and Generators

! Fundamentals for Rotating Machines

– Prime Mover Operation

– Dynamometer Operation

– Motor Power, Losses, and Efficiency

! DC Motors and Generators

– The Separately-Excited DC Motor

– Separately-Excited, Series, Shunt, and Compound DC

Motors– Separately-Excited, Shunt, and Compound DC

Generator

! Special Characteristics of DC Motors

– Armature Reaction and Saturation Effect

– The Universal Motor

! AC Induction Motors

– The Three-Phase Squirrel-Cage Induction Motor

– Eddy-Current Brakes and Asynchronous Generators

– Effect of Voltage on the Characteristics of Induction

Motors

– Single-Phase Induction Motors

! Synchronous Motors

– The Three-Phase Synchronous Motor– Synchronous Motor Pull-Out Torques

! Three-Phase Synchronous Generators (Alternators)

– Synchronous Generator No-Load Operation

– Voltage Regulation Characteristics

– Frequency and Voltage Regulation

– Generator Synchronization


120 Hours

SYSTEM VOLTAGES

120 V, 60 Hz

220 V, 50 Hz

240 V, 50 Hz

LVDAM-EMS makes lab reports easy.


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Data Acquisition and Management for Electromechanical Systems (LVDAM-EMS)MODEL 9062

The Data Acquisition and Management for Electromechanical

Systems (LVDAM-EMS), Model 9062, is a computer-based

system for measuring, observing, and analyzing electrical and

mechanical parameters in electric power systems and power

electronics circuits. It allows training in various areas, such

as electric power technology, AC/DC machines, and power

electronics, using modern and versatile measuring instru-

ments.

The LVDAM-EMS system consists of a data acquisi-

tion interface (DAI) and the Lab-Volt software Data

Acquisition and Management for Electromechanical

Systems (LVDAM-EMS).

Data Acquisition Interface

The Data Acquisition Interface (DAI) consists of isolation and

data acquisition units. The isolation unit converts high-level

voltages and currents found in electric power systems and

power electronics circuits into low-level signals, and routes

these signals to the data acquisition unit. The data acquisition

unit converts the low-level signals into digital numbers (data)

that are sent to the personal computer that runs the LVDAM-

EMS software.

Interconnection between the DAI module and the computer

is made through a supplied standard USB cable.

The DAI module has isolated voltage and current inputs

fitted with 4-mm banana safety jacks, which can be con-

nected to AC or DC power circuits. Low-level inputs for

torque and speed measurement can be connected to the

Prime Mover / Dynamometer, Model 8960, which provides

output signals proportional to torque and speed.

Eight software-programmable, low-level, auxiliary analog

inputs allow measurement of additional circuit parameters.

Two analog outputs, also software-programmable, allow

direct control of the Prime Mover / Dynamometer, or of the

Power Electronics modules to which they are connected.

LVDAM-EMS Software

The LVDAM-EMS software consists of a set of conventional

and specialized instruments that run on an IBM®-compatible

personal computer under the Microsoft® Windows® operating

environment. Each instrument appears as a window on the

computer screen. The conventional instruments include

AC/DC voltmeters and ammeters, power meters, and an

eight-channel oscilloscope. The specialized instruments

include a six-channel phasor analyzer, a harmonic analyzer,


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a spectrum analyzer, torque, speed, and mechanical power

meters, and six user-programmable meters. The LVDAM-EMS

software is also equipped with data-recording and graph-

plotting facilities. The various instruments are briefly de-

scribed in the next section.

Metering

The Metering window can include up to eighteen meters,

which can be configured for measuring voltage and current,electrical power (active, reactive, and apparent), torque,

speed, mechanical power, etc. The voltage and current meters

have several modes of operation that allow measurement of

the mean (DC) value, Root Mean Square (RMS) value, crest

factor, RMS value of a particular harmonic (up to the 15 th),

RMS value of the harmonics, and total harmonic distortion

(THD). Six of the 18 meters are user-programmable for access

to a larger variety of functions, allowing measurement of:

power factor, efficiency, impedance, frequency, energy, phase

shift, etc. The arrangement (layout) of the meters in the

Metering window can be customized by the user.

Data Table and Graph

The values displayed by the various meters in the Metering

window as well as values measured by the other instruments

in LVDAM-EMS can be recorded in the Data Table window

with a click of the mouse. The values recorded in the Data

Table can be saved to a file (ASCII-formatted file). The re-

corded data also can be used to plot graphs by selecting

which parameter(s) to plot in the Graph window. This allows

lab results to be plotted quickly and easily. More sophisticated

graphs can be created by exporting the contents of the DataTable window to any popular spreadsheet program, such as

Microsoft® Excel®, directly through the Windows® Clipboard.

Oscilloscope

The Oscilloscope can display up to eight waveforms

simultaneously. The waveforms are displayed using different

colors to simplify identification. Each channel has independ-

ent vertical controls similar to those found on conventional

oscilloscopes. An automatic scale-setting function allowsthe sensitivity of each channel to be set automatically accord-

ing to the magnitude of the observed parameter. The time

base and trigger controls are similar to those found on most

oscilloscopes to simplify adjustment. The RMS value, average

value, and frequency of each of the observed parameters can

be displayed in a table in the Oscilloscope window. Two

vertical cursors can be activated to perform precise measure-

ments at particular points on the displayed waveforms. The

Oscilloscope has two memories for saving the displayed

waveforms.


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Phasor Analyzer

The innovative Phasor Analyzer allows students to analyze

AC power circuits with the phasors related to voltages and

currents instead of the values and waveforms of these volt-

ages and currents. Circuit voltages and currents can be

monitored easily for relative amplitudes and phase differences

simply by looking at their respective phasors on the Phasor

Analyzer display. This produces a unique and dynamic display

of the voltages and currents in a circuit, especially in three-

phase circuits, that cannot be obtained with conventional

instruments. The RMS value, phase angle, and frequency of

the voltage or current related to each phasor is displayed in

a table in the Phasor Analyzer window.

Harmonic Analyzer

The Harmonic Analyzer allows observation and analysis of the

harmonic components in voltages and currents. The funda-

mental frequency can be set to the AC power network

frequency, set manually by the user, or set automatically to

the frequency of the fundamental component of the selected

voltage or current. The number of harmonic components

displayed can be varied between 5 and 40. The harmonic

components of the selected voltage or current can be dis-

played using a vertical scale graduated in either absolute or

relative values. Various vertical scale settings are available.

A group of data displays in the Harmonic Analyzer indicates

the values of the DC component, fundamental component,

and harmonic components of the selected voltage or current,

as well as the total harmonic distortion (THD). Vertical and

horizontal cursors can be activated to perform precise mea-

surements at particular points on the display.

Spectrum Analyzer

The Spectrum Analyzer allows frequency-domain observation

and analysis of voltages and currents. It is a frequency-selec-

tive instrument that measures the level of the frequency

components in the selected voltage or current, and displays

the results on a graduated screen. The vertical scale of the

screen can be either linear or logarithmic. The center fre-

quency is set manually or using the Seek function which

searches for the next frequency component in the observed

spectrum. Various frequency spans can be selected to display

the observed frequency spectrum. Vertical and horizontal

cursors can be activated to perform precise measurements at

particular points on the frequency spectrum displayed on the

graduated screen. The Spectrum Analyzer has two memories

for saving frequency spectra.


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Electromechanical Systems Simulation Software (LVSIM®-EMS)MODEL 8970

The Lab-Volt Electromechanical Systems Simulation Software

(LVSIM®-EMS), Model 8970, is a Windows®-based software

that covers the same course work as the Computer-Assisted

0.2-kW Electromechanical Training System, Model 8006.

LVSIM®-EMS recreates a three-dimensional classroom labora-

tory on a computer screen. Using the mouse, students can

install an EMS training system in this virtual laboratory, set

up equipment, and perform exercises in the same way as if

actual EMS equipment were used.

The EMS equipment that can be installed in the virtual

laboratory faithfully reproduces the actual EMS equipment

included in the Computer-Assisted 0.2-kW Electromechanical

Training System (Model 8006).

Sophisticated mathematical models fully simulate the

electrical and mechanical characteristics of all the actual EMS

modules: power supply, motors, generators, transformers, and

electrical and mechanical loads. All modules contained in the

LVSIM-EMS software feature the same front panel information

as the actual EMS modules. Short-circuit connections, in the

virtual equipment setup, cause the virtual circuit-breaker

protection to trip as on the actual EMS modules.

Used either as a complement to the actual EMS laboratory

equipment or as a stand-alone product, LVSIM-EMS is a cost-

effective learning tool that enables students to perform the

same exercises as in the Computer-Assisted 0.2-kW Electro-

mechanical Training System, Model 8006, courseware.

As a stand-alone package, the LVSIM-EMS software

program provides hands-on activities to familiarize students

with electrical power and machines, including active, reactive

and apparent power, phasors, AC/DC motors and generators,

three-phase circuits, and transformers.

The LVSIM-EMS virtual equipment is so representative

of the actual EMS laboratory equipment that by using it, the

students can develop hands-on abilities as they would with

actual equipment. By combining stations using virtual equip-

ment with stations using actual equipment, the students canuse each type alternately. This approach allows the establish-

ment of a virtual/actual station ratio that corresponds to your

budget while maintaining a training program of very high

quality in power technology.

Lab-Volt authorizes students to copy the software onto

their personal computers to prepare their lab setups in ad-

vance. With this free copy of the software, students do not

have access to measuring functions. However, they can

determine the equipment connections associated with the

schematic diagrams shown in the exercises. They can also

check if the circuit is working, save the equipment setup on

a floppy disk or any other data storage media, and print the

equipment setup. This preparation will significantly reduce

the time required to perform the exercises in the laboratory,

and will result in the need for less physical hardware per

student.


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2-kW Electromechanical Training SystemMODEL 8013

The 2-kW Electromechanical Training System, Model 8013,

is a modular program in electric power technology. The

system consists of several modules, which can be grouped

to form three subsystems dealing with the different tech-

niques associated with the generation and use of electrical

energy.

All modules can be inserted into a standard Mobile

Workstation, Model 8110. The modules are constructed from

heavy-gauge steel, finished in baked enamel. Symbols and

diagrams specific to each module are clearly silk-screened on

the front panel. Standard color-coded safety jacks are used to

interconnect all system components.

Each 2-kW machine is permanently mounted on a mobile

cart, and includes a double-extension shaft ended with

geared-type flanges. Different machines may be joined with

a hard rubber coupling device and patented locking fasteners

designed to eliminate vibrations. Any combination of ma-

chines may be studied simultaneously.

The machines have a high inertia to simulate high-power

machines. The frame of the machines is equipped with trans-

parent shatterproof shields for inspection of the interior.

In addition, all machines are equipped with search coils

through which the magnetic flux distribution, at various

locations in the machine, can be observed on an oscilloscope.

All machine windings are brought out to the faceplate of

a connection module through a heavy-duty, interconnecting

cable fitted with a keyed connector: therefore, a particularmachine can only be connected to its associated connection

module. All windings are individually accessible on the face-

plate of the connection module associated with that machine.

Power windings are ended on 4-mm color-coded safety

banana jacks and search coils on 2-mm banana jacks. The

different size jacks prevent accidental connections between

power windings and search coils.


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The metering modules are designed to cover the complete

range of measurements required with a minimum number of

meters. The AC ammeter and voltmeter modules contain

three meters each for simultaneously measuring all three

currents and voltages in three-phase systems. All meters are

designed to sustain starting currents even when used on a

low range. Wattmeters are internally connected to read power

directly when the input is connected to the source and the

output to the load.

TOPIC COVERAGEPower Circuits

! Series and Parallel Equivalent Resistances

! Resistances in Parallel

! Resistances in Series and in Series-Parallel

! Safety and the Power Supply

! Ohm's Law

! Circuit Solution – Part 1

! Circuit Solution – Part 2

! Power in DC Circuits – Part 1

! Power in DC Circuits – Part 2

! The Transmission Line! AC Voltage and Current

! AC Voltage and Current Measurement

! The Wattmeter

! Phase Angle, Real and Apparent Power

! Capacitive Reactance

! Inductive Reactance

! Watt, Var, Volt-Ampere and Power Factor

! Vectors and Phasors – Series Circuits

! Vectors and Phasors – Parallel Circuits

! Impedance


! Active, Reactive, and Apparent Power in Three-Phase

Circuits

! Three-Phase Power Measurement

! Phase Sequence

DC Machines


! The Direct Current Motor – Part 1

! The Direct Current Motor – Part 2

! The DC Shunt Motor

! The DC Series Motor

! The DC Compound Motor

! The Separately-Excited DC Shunt Generator

! The Self-Excited DC Shunt Generator

! The DC Compound Generator

! The DC Motor Starter

Transformers and AC Machines

! The Single-Phase Transformer

! Transformer Polarity

! Transformer Regulation


! Transformers in Parallel

! The Distribution Transformer

! Three-Phase Transformer Connections

! Prime Mover and Torque Measurement! The Wound-Rotor Induction Motor – Part 1

! The Wound-Rotor Induction Motor – Part 2

! The Wound-Rotor Induction Motor – Part 3

! The Squirrel Cage Induction Motor

! The Synchronous Motor – Part 1



! The Three-Phase Alternator

! The Alternator Under Load

! Alternator Synchronization

! Alternator Power

! Three-Phase Motor Starters

! Frequency Conversion! Reactance and Frequency

! Selsyn Control

Advanced Experiments

! Losses and Moment of Inertia of DC Motor

! Braking of DC Motor

! Equivalent Circuit of a Three-Phase Induction Motor

! Single Phasing of a Three-Phase Induction Motor

! Asynchronous Generator

! DC Braking of an Induction Motor

! Synchronous Impedance of a Three-Phase Alternator

! Direct and Quadrature Axis Reactance of a Synchronous

Machine

! Transient and Subtransient Reactance of a Synchronous

Alternator


200 hours

SYSTEM VOLTAGES

120 V, 60 Hz

220 V, 50 Hz

240 V, 50 Hz


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Electromechanical Systems Computer-Based Learning (EMS-CBL)MODEL 8980

The Electromechanical Systems Computer-Based Learning

(EMS-CBL) program, Model 8980, is a modern instructional

tool that runs under the Lab-Volt platform Tech-Lab System

and Utilities. It makes learning the principles of electric power

technology faster, easier, and more enjoyable than the more

traditional, manual method.

The EMS-CBL program consists of complete courses in

electric power technology delivered on a CD-ROM. It is

designed for use with the Computer-Assisted 0.2-kW Electro-

mechanical Training System, Model 8006, or the Electro-

mechanical Systems Simulation Software (LVSIM ®-EMS),

Model 8970.

Using the EMS-CBL program with LVSIM-EMS, students

can follow a complete course in electric power technology at

home, using their own computers and learning at their own

pace. Throughout the course, students are prompted to

answer questions to verify their understanding of the subject

matter. Incorrect answers are rejected, feedback is given, and

students are prompted to answer again until they give the

correct answer.

This efficient self-guided method greatly reduces the time

instructors must spend on assessing students progress while

increasing the time they can spend helping students who

experience difficulties with the course material.

Instructors can assess students' knowledge by adminis-

tering periodic hands-on exams that require students to

demonstrate their knowledge on actual EMS laboratory

equipment. This efficient approach to learning and instruction

allows schools to offer remote courses, an educational trend

that is gaining increasing acceptance throughout the world.

FEATURES

! Computer-based program makes learning faster and easier,

and allows students to progress at their own pace.

! Complete course prompts students to answer questions

to verify their understanding of the course material.

! More than 600 highly detailed color figures and animations

clearly illustrate concepts and hands-on exercise proce-

dures.


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Dissectible Machines

Three-Phase Reluctance Motor, Two-Value Capacitor Motor,

and Triple-Rate Motor

Additional Electromechanical Equipment

The modular system approach allows equipment to be added to existing EMS laboratories to offer more advanced exercises

or to cover specialized fields of study.

ADDITIONAL MOTORS AND STARTERS

The additional equipment offered by Lab-Volt includes a

Dahlander Two-Speed Constant Power Induction Motor, Two-

Pole Squirrel-Cage Induction Motor, Linear Motor, Three-Phase

Wound-Rotor Induction Motor, Three-Phase Synchronous Reluc-

tance Motor, Repulsion-Start Induction-Run Motor, Triple-Rate

Motor, High-Leakage Reactance Transformer, Manual DC Motor

Starter, Synchronous Motor Starter, Three-Phase Full-Voltage

Starter, Star (Wye)/Delta Starter, Reduced Voltage Primary Resis-

tor Starter, Reduced Voltage Autotransformer Starter, Three-

Phase Rheostat,and many others.

DISSECTIBLE MACHINES TRAINING SYSTEM AND MOTOR WINDING KIT

Many motors can be constructed and operated by the students

using the Dissectible Machines Training System, Model 8020. It

is even possible to carry out the motor windings using the Motor

Winding Kit, Model 8022. With this system, students can analyze

the behavior of a motor with different configurations of windings.

MAGTRAN ® TRAINING SYSTEM

To complete the study of electric power technology, Lab-Volt

offers the MagTran ® Training System, Model 8024. This system

covers the inductance, transformer, and electromagnetic princi-

ples.


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Additional Equipment for the 0.2-kW EMS Training SystemsMODELS 8223, 8224, 8225, 8227, 8228, 8231, 8233, 8234, 8243, 8246, 8253, 8255, 8259, 8266, 8350,8631, 8641, 8651, 8653, 8661, 8671, 8731

Linear Motor, Model 8228

The Linear Motor, Model 8228, is a useful teaching tool for

instructors who wish to demonstrate the basic principles of

magnetism as applied to the operation of linear induction

motors. It can also be used by students for determining basic

electrical characteristics of a linear induction motor and

studying the dynamic behavior (tractive force, acceleration,

top speed) of a linear induction motor. The simple construc-

tion of the Linear Motor also allows students to apply their

theoretical knowledge of electromagnetism.

The Linear Motor consists of a moveable vehicle and a

stationary rail. The moveable vehicle, which is mounted on

four bearing rollers, contains what is usually called the stator

of a conventional induction motor. The stationary rail is

referred to as the rotor in a conventional induction motor. At

both ends of the stationary rail, a cushioned shock absorberand a lever mechanically coupled to a DPDT switch (mounted

under the stationary rail) allow the direction of motion of the

moveable vehicle to be changed. This is done by reversing the

phase sequence of the voltages applied to the motor wind-

ings, allowing the moveable vehicle to go back and forth over

the rail continuously when power is applied to the motor.

Two-Phase Wound-Rotor Induction Motor, Model 8233

Each phase of the stator windings of the Two-Phase Wound-

Rotor Induction Motor, Model 8233, is independently termi-

nated and identified on the faceplate to permit operation with

a two-phase electric power source. The rotor windings are

brought out to the faceplate via external slip rings and

brushes.

This machine can be used as a wound-rotor induction

motor, phase shifter, single-phase variable coupling trans-

former, two-phase transformer, selsyn control, frequencyconverter or asynchronous induction generator.


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Schrage Motor, Model 8234

The Schrage Motor, Model 8234, is a variable-speed

polyphase AC motor with both high torque and efficiency.

The motor is basically a special wound-rotor motor in

which a built-in variable-frequency source is connected to one

winding, while the network frequency is applied to the other

winding. The voltage of the variable frequency source can be

set over a certain range and the resulting speed of the motor

depends upon this setting.

Three-Phase Brushless AC Generator, Model 8243

The Three-Phase Brushless AC Generator, Model 8243, is a

synchronous generator without its conventional brush-gear

for field excitation. It comprises an AC power generator and

an exciter, which can be set in one of two modes: separately

excited (PILOT) or self-excited (AUTO). The exciter voltage

is adjustable in both modes using a rheostat control on the

module faceplate.

A shaft-mounted rectifier assembly interconnects the

exciter and generator rotors. Connections of these devices

have been brought out to the faceplate through externally

mounted slip rings and brushes.

Each phase of the stator windings is independently

terminated to permit operation in either delta or star (wye)

configuration.

Additional Motors and Starters

Lab-Volt offers many other motors and starters supplied with

their corresponding courseware to complete more advanced

programs. This includes:

! Dahlander Two-Speed Constant Power Induction Motor,

Model 8223

! Dahlander Two-Speed Variable Torque Induction Motor,

Model 8224

! Dahlander Two-Speed Constant Torque Induction Motor,Model 8225

! Two-Pole Squirrel-Cage Induction Motor, Model 8227

! Three-Phase Wound-Rotor Induction Motor, Model 8231

! Three-Phase Synchronous Reluctance Motor, Model 8246

! Capacitor-Run Motor, Model 8253

! Repulsion-Start Induction-Run Motor, Model 8255

! Two-Value Capacitor Motor, Model 8259

! Triple-Rate Motor, Model 8266

! High-Leakage Reactance Transformer, Model 8350

! Manual DC Motor Starter, Model 8631

! Synchronous Motor Starter, Model 8641

! Three-Phase Full-Voltage Starter, Model 8651

! Star (Wye)/Delta Starter, Model 8653

! Reduced Voltage Primary Resistor Starter, Model 8661

! Reduced Voltage Autotransformer Starter, Model 8671

! Three-Phase Rheostat, Model 8731

TOPIC COVERAGE

! The Ward-Leonard System

! The Two-Speed Constant Torque Motor

! The Schrage Motor

! The Synchronous Reluctance Motor

! The Two-Value Capacitor Motor

! The High-Leakage Reactance Transformer

! Phase-Shifting with Transformers

! The Repulsion-Start Induction-Run Motor

! The Brushless AC Generator

!


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Dissectible MachinesMODEL 8020

The Dissectible Machines, Model 8020, is an electromechani-

cal (EMS) trainer that provides hands-on instruction in the

construction and operation of rotating machines. The system

fulfills educational requirements that include industrial appli-

cations of electric power technology. It employs training

equipment that has characteristics similar to industrial equip-

ment.

Without tools, the students use a complete set of compo-

nents, including stators, rotors, armatures, rheostats, and

capacitors, to assemble many machines. Once assembled, themachines can be mounted on basic modules that will lock into

place on one of the Lab-Volt EMS Workstations.

TOPIC COVERAGE

! Equipment Familiarization

! Assembly of a

– Direct Current Machine

– Split-Phase Capacitor-Start Motor

– Capacitor-Run Motor

– Two-Value Capacitor Motor

– Universal Motor

– Repulsion-Start/Induction-Run Motor

– Three-Phase Wound-Rotor Induction Motor

– Three-Phase Squirrel Cage Induction Motor

– Synchronous Machine

– Synchronous Reluctance Motor

– Two-Speed Variable-Torque Motor

– Two-Speed Constant-Torque Motor

– Two-Speed Constant-HP Motor

– Two-Phase Wound-Rotor Induction Motor

– Triple-Rate Motor


40 hours


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Motor Winding KitMODEL 8022

The Motor Winding Kit, Model 8022, offers a new approachto teaching construction techniques for electrical machines.

Starting with such basic components as laminations, motor

ends, and magnet wire, the Motor Winding Kit permits the

construction of a squirrel-cage induction motor, wound-rotor

induction motor, three-phase synchronous machine, and split-

phase capacitor-start motor.

All parts necessary for assembly and construction of the

four machines are included in the kit. Two types of stator

laminations are included for winding a three-phase stator and

a single-phase stator.

Three types of rotors are included in the kit: a squirrel-

cage rotor (completely assembled), a rotor with open-slot

laminations allowing winding of a wound rotor by the student,

and a rotor with cruciform laminations and a damper assem-

bly, allowing winding of a four-pole synchronous machine

rotor by the student.

Once the machine is mounted on the support module, it

can be inserted into a Lab-Volt EMS Workstation and coupled

to a prime mover or a dynamometer to check its electrical

specifications and confirm that it is wound properly. A com-

pleted machine can be used to perform exercises in the EMSstudent manual.

When the characteristics of the machine have been

verified, the windings are removed from the slots to salvage

the stator and rotor laminations for the next student.

TOPIC COVERAGE

! Equipment Familiarization

! Split-Phase Capacitor-Start Motor

! Three-Phase Squirrel Cage Induction Motor

! Three-Phase Wound-Rotor Induction Motor

! Synchronous Machine


40 hours


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MagTran® Training SystemMODEL 8024

The MagTran® Training System, Model 8024, is designed to

teach magnetic circuit principles and the application of these

principles to basic transformers. It is suitable for a broad range

of teaching programs, from vocational schools to universities.

The MagTran® Training System consists of a set of lami-

nated iron bars, a vise-type nonmagnetic base that holds thebars in place, coils, and other related components that can be

assembled in many ways. Correlated courseware contains an

extensive set of laboratory experiments that illustrate basic

principles of magnetism and electromagnetic induction.

The system is designed to operate at the 0.2 kW power

level, using standard Lab-Volt instrumentation. It includes all

the equipment required to perform the exercises contained

in the courseware, except an oscilloscope.

The system is an add-on to the 0.2-kW Electromechanical

Training System, Series 8001.

FEATURES! Enables students to build single- and three-phase trans-

formers.

! Incandescent lamp enables observation and study of

magnetic coupling.

! Enables students to rearrange magnetic circuits to learn

about inductance and transformer ratios.

! Enables measurement of magnetic fluxes as low as

10 Wb to demonstrate leakage flux, saturation, and

magnetic shunts.

! Low-cost flux meter, with a special built-in circuit, enables

observation of hysteresis loops on an oscilloscope (not

included).

! Exploration of the shaded-pole principle magnetic amplifi-

ers, and permanent magnet properties.

TOPIC COVERAGE! Examples of Faraday's Law

! Principles of AC Induction and Magnetic Coupling

! Resistance, Reactance, and Inductance of a Coil

! Saturation Curve and Voltage Ratio of a Transformer

! Impedance Transformation

! Current Ratio and Impedance of a Transformer

! Regulation Curves of a Transformer

! Polarity of a Transformer


! Eddy Currents and Laminated Cores

! Properties of a Permanent Magnet

! The Choke

! The Magnetic Amplifier


40 hours


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Vector Control Drive Converter Module

Power Electronics and Drives

THYRISTOR SPEED CONTROLLER AND VECTOR-CONTROL DRIVE CONVERTER MODULES

Power electronics and motor drives occupy a significant place

in the Lab-Volt product line. To provide a basic knowledge of

power electronics and motor drives, Lab-Volt offers the follow-

ing two training modules:

The Thyristor Speed Controller, Model 9017, which allows

control of a DC motor by using an AC-to-DC converter made

of a thyristor single-phase half-bridge rectifier. This module

is included in the 0.2-kW Electromechanical Training System,

Model 8001. It is optional in the Computer-Assisted 0.2-kW

Electromechanical Training System, Model 8006.

The Vector-Control Drive Converter, Model 9013, which

enables control of a three-phase induction motor by using an

AC-to-DC converter made of a diode three-phase bridge

rectifier, and an IGBT inverter that converts DC to AC. This

module is an excellent addition to the Computer-Assisted

0.2-kW Electromechanical Training System, Model 8006,

because it makes it possible to study power electronics with

a minimum of equipment.

POWER ELECTRONICS TRAINING SYSTEM

For a more comprehensive study in power electronics, Lab-Volt offers the Power

Electronics Training System, Model 8032. This entirely modular system allows

for complete comprehension of most power electronics circuits through the use

of self-commutated and line-commutated converters. The system courseware consists of ten manuals (43 exercises).

POWER ELECTRONICS SIMULATION SOFTWARE (PESIM)

Many exercises in power electronics can also be performed using the Power Electronics

Simulation Software (PESIM), Model 8971. This software also allows the simulation of

power electronics circuits that cannot be implemented with the actual Lab-Volt equip-

ment.

DC VARIABLE SPEED DRIVE AND AC VARIABLE SPEED DRIVE

Lab-Volt offers two other optional motor drive modules: the DC Variable Speed Drive, Model

3250, and the AC Variable Speed Drive, Model 3260. Each module is an industrial drive

mounted to a table-top chassis. Models 3250 and 3260 can be used with any one of the

following three training systems: 0.2-kW Electromechanical Training System, Model 8001,

Computer-Assisted 0.2-kW Electromechanical Training System, Model 8006, and Industrial

Controls Training System, Model 8036.


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0.2-kW Power Electronics Training SystemMODEL 8032

The 0.2-kW Power Electronics Training System, Model 8032,

is a versatile and flexible teaching system, covering many

topics that can be included in any power electronics program.

The 0.2-kW Power Electronics Training System uses thesame modular approach as the Lab-Volt EMS Training Sys-

tems, Models 8001 and 8006. It even shares several modules

with these systems. The modular design allows experiments

other than those suggested in the courseware to be per-

formed.

Although the modules operate like industrial equipment,

they are designed to satisfy the special needs of students. The

equipment is easy to set up and operate. Because all of the

important circuit points are readily accessible through front-

panel safety banana jacks, the interconnection between

modules is simple and straightforward. Special attention has

been given to the circuit protection provided in all modules,

thus making it possible to perform many experiments withvirtually no risk to equipment.

Voltage and current isolators allow students to observe,

on an oscilloscope (to be purchased separately), the high-level

voltage and current waveforms found in power electronics

circuits. The use of isolators allows the voltages and currents

to be handled without risk of an electric shock, a short circuit,

or equipment damage. Conventional voltmeters, ammeters,

power meters, a tachometer, and an electrodynamometer are

provided for the measurement of electrical and mechanical

parameters in power electronics circuits.

As a highly modular, flexible, open-ended system, the

0.2-kW Power Electronics Training System lends itself wellto a wide variety of sophisticated applications not covered in

the courseware. As a result, the equipment also can be used

for comprehensive research work, allowing complex power

electronics systems to be set up easily and in a relatively short

time.


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The system courseware consists of a nine-volume educa-

tional program plus an equipment familiarization guide. The

educational program is divided into two separate subjects

covering line-commutated and self-commutated convert-

ers, which respectively use power thyristors (SCRs) and power

IGBTs or power MOSFETs.

The conventional voltmeters, ammeters, power meters,

oscilloscope, and electrodynamometer used in the 0.2-kWPower Electronics Training System can be replaced with the

Lab-Volt Data Acquisition and Management for Electrome-

chanical Systems (LVDAM-EMS), Model 9062, and the Prime

Mover / Dynamometer, Model 8960. This provides a complete

set of versatile computer-based instruments that opens new

opportunities for laboratory measurement, observation, and

analysis.

TOPIC COVERAGE

! Thyristor Circuits

– Power Diode Single-Phase and Two-Phase Rectifiers

– Power Diode Three-Phase Rectifiers– The Power Thyristor

– Introduction to AC Phase Control

– Thyristor Single-Phase Bridge Rectifier/Inverter

– Thyristor Three-Phase Rectifier/Inverter

– Thyristor Three-Phase Six-Pulse Converter

! MOSFET Circuits

– Introduction to High-Speed Power Switching

– The MOSFET Buck Chopper

– The MOSFET Boost Chopper

– The MOSFET Buck/Boost Chopper

– The MOSFET Four-Quadrant Chopper

– The MOSFET Single-Phase Inverter

– The MOSFET Two-Phase Inverter– The MOSFET Three-Phase Inverter

! AC Network Control Systems

– General Theory and Operation

– Open-Loop Operation

– Regulation Systems

– Automatic Power-Factor Control using a Synchronous

Capacitor

! HVDC Power Systems

– Introduction to HVDC Power System Control

– Manual and Automatic Control of HVDC Power Systems

– Power Flow in HVDC Systems

– Commutation at the Inverter End of an HVDC Power

System

! Thyristor DC Motor Drives

– The Four-Quadrant Converter

– A Four-Quadrant Converter Application– DC Motor Control using Speed Feedback

– DC Motor Control using Speed and Current Feedback

! MOSFET DC Motor Drives

– The MOSFET Buck Chopper Drive

– The MOSFET Buck/Boost Chopper Drive

– The MOSFET Four-Quadrant Chopper Drive

– DC Motor Control using Speed and Current Feedback

! Thyristor AC Motor Drives

– Induction-Motor Drive with Voltage Control

– Wound-Rotor Induction-Motor Drive with Static Cascade

! MOSFET AC Motor Drives

– Saturation and Effect of Frequency in Magnetic Circuits

– Three-Phase Voltage-Source Inverter Induction-Motor

Drive

– Constant V/f Ratio PWM-Inverter Induction-Motor Drive

– Operation of a Synchronous Motor as a Stepper Motor

! Industrial AC Motor Drives

– VSI Induction-Motor Drive Powered by a Phase-Con-

trolled Thyristor Bridge

– VSI Induction-Motor Drive Powered by a Buck Chopper

– VSI Induction-Motor Drive Powered by a Thyristor Four-

Quadrant Converter

– VSI Induction-Motor Drive with Speed Feedback and

Torque Limitation

– VSI Induction-Motor Drive Powered by a DC Link with

a Dump Resistor


145 hours


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Power Electronics Simulation Software (PESIM)MODEL 8971

The Power Electronics Simulation Software (PESIM),

Model 8971, is a computer simulation package that delivers

quick, efficient, and effective tools for learning power electron-

ics circuit design and analysis.

The PESIM package consists of the following three

elements:

! a schematic circuit editor that enables students to create

and edit electronic circuits from a comprehensive set of

components and function blocks.

! a powerful calculation engine that uses efficient algorithms

to speed simulation and prevent convergency failure.

! SIMVIEW, a waveform and post-processing tool that

enables students to manipulate and observe simulations

and their results.

FEATURES! Electronic circuit editor

! Fast simulation calculator

! Time or X/Y waveform viewer (SIMVIEW)

! Create subcircuits in the main circuit or inside other

subcircuits

! Edit an element or create a new element

! Undo delete support

! Cut, copy, and paste selected item(s)

! 90, 180, 270, and 360 device rotation

! Mirroring of devices

! Repeat placement of a device

! Easy to draw and edit

! Complete annotation of devices

! Zoom in or out, zoom an area

! Fit circuit-to-window function

! FFT analysis

! Flexible simulation-control parameters

! Generate a parts list

! Choice between manual and automatic scaling in all

analysis windows. In manual mode, the user fully controls

both horizontal and vertical settings, while in automatic

mode, scaling is set to maximize the size of the displayed

waveform(s).

! Multiple waveforms can be displayed simultaneously.

! Depending on the data type, waveforms can be plotted on

linear or logarithmic axes.

! Vertical cursors provide quick and accurate graph mea-

surements.

! Windows can be easily tiled, cascaded, and sized.

TOPIC COVERAGE! Power Diode Single-Phase and Two-Phase Rectifiers

! Power Diode Three-Phase Rectifiers

! The Power Thyristor

! Introduction to AC Phase Control

! Thyristor Single-Phase Bridge Rectifier/Inverter

! Thyristor Three-Phase, Six-Pulse Converter

! Introduction to High-Speed Power Switching

! The MOSFET Buck Chopper

! The MOSFET Boost Chopper

! The MOSFET Buck/Boost Chopper

! The MOSFET Four-Quadrant Chopper

! The MOSFET Single-Phase Inverter

! The MOSFET Two-Phase Inverter

! The MOSFET Three-Phase Inverter

COMPONENTS AND DEVICES AVAILABLE

! Resistors, Inductors, Capacitors, and RLC branches

! Switches (Diodes, Thyristors, MOSFET’s, etc.)

! Transformers

! Transfer function blocks (Proportional controllers, Integra-

tors, Differentiators, etc.)

! Computational function blocks (Summers, Trigonometric

functions, FFT, etc.)

! Digital components

! Voltage/Current sources (DC, Sinusoidal, Square Wave,

Triangular, etc.)

! Voltage/Current sensors, probes, and meters

! On-Off, Alpha, and PWM controllers


30 hours


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Thyristor Speed ControllerMODEL 9017

The Thyristor Speed Controller, Model 9017, is designed to

control the speed of the DC Motor/Generator, Model 8211, in

both the open-loop and closed-loop modes of control. It is

included in the 0.2-kW Electromechanical Training System,

Model 8001, and optional in the Computer-Assisted 0.2-kW

Electromechanical Training System, Model 8006.

The Thyristor Speed Controller contains a thyristor single-

phase half-bridge rectifier installed in a full-height EMS module.

Speed control of the DC motor is achieved by varying the firing

angle of the thyristors. In the open-loop mode of control, the

firing angle is set manually using a potentiometer. While in the

closed-loop mode, it is set by a controller, which compares the

motor armature voltage to a voltage reference set by the user.

The mode of control is selectable using a toggle switch.

Other characteristics that can be controlled using the Thy-

ristor Speed Controller include ramp control, IR compensation,

and current limitation. These controls are accessible directly on

the faceplate of the module.

Schematic symbols and their electrical interconnections are

silk-screened on the faceplate of the module. Where student

access is required, the components have been terminated by

4-mm color-coded safety jacks.

The Thyristor Speed Controller is similar to an industrial DC

drive with protections against misconnections. Its operation is

the same as the industrial drive included in the DC Variable

Speed Drive, Model 32501.

Using the Thyristor Speed Controller in conjunction with the

Computer-Assisted 0.2-kW Electromechanical Training System,

Model 8006, provides students with a basic introduction to

power electronics.

TOPIC COVERAGE2

! Thyristor Speed Controller

! Thyristor Speed Controller with Regulation

1All exercises supplied with the DC Variable Speed Drive, Model 3250, can be per-

formed using the Thyristor Speed Controller module.2

These exercises are included in the modular courseware of the 0.2-kW EMS Training

System, Model 8001 (DC Machines).


3 hours


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Vector-Control Drive Converter

MODEL 9013

The Vector-Control Drive Converter, Model 9013, is a flux vector-

control inverter. It is the ultimate industrial AC motor drive,

packaged and protected for rugged educational use. This com-

pact drive features four control methods, which students can

select through an alphanumeric digital operator: Open-Loop

Volts per Hertz, Closed-Loop Volts per Hertz, Open-Loop Flux

Vector, and Closed-Loop Flux Vector.

The three-phase input and output, as well as the DC bus

of the Vector-Control Drive Converter, are accessible through

4-mm safety banana jacks fitted on the front panel of the mod-

ule. Each phase of the three-phase input and output is individu-

ally protected by a quick-acting circuit breaker.

Seven protected test points allow the user to observe the

control signals of the Insulated-Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT)

used to implement the inverter. The output currents of the IGBT

inverter can be observed from three current sensors accessible

through 2-mm banana jacks.

The Vector-Control Drive Converter also includes a DC

smoothing inductor and a braking resistor. Three output line

inductors, not shown on the front panel, protect the motor

windings and improve signal waveforms by preventing voltage

transients.

The Vector-Control Drive Converter is supplied with an

alphanumeric digital operator, an RS-232 serial interface cable,

software for entering and reading drive parameter values, a

student manual, and an instructor guide.

Adding the Vector-Control Drive Converter to the

Computer-Assisted 0.2-kW Electromechanical Training System,

Model 8006, is an excellent choice for those who wish to extend

the teaching of basic electric power technology to power elec-

tronics. Lab-Volt also offers the Vector-Control Drive Training

System, Model 9013-A, to those who are interested in teaching

power electronics only. This system includes the Vector-Control

Drive Converter as well as all equipment required to perform the

hands-on exercises related to the topic coverage below.

TOPIC COVERAGE

! Introduction to Vector-Control Drive Converters

– Familiarization

– Vector Drive Operation

! AC-to-DC Conversion Fundamentals

– Half-Wave and Full-Wave Single-Phase Rectifiers– Three-Phase Bridge Rectifier Operation

– Line Current Harmonics and Power Factor

! DC-to-AC Conversion Fundamentals

– Three-Phase PWM Inverters

– Frequency and Voltage Control Using Pulse Width

Modulation (PWM)

– Motor Voltage Waveforms

! Squirrel-Cage Induction Motor Characteristics

– Equivalent Circuit of the Induction Motor

– Effect of the Frequency at No-Load Operation

– Effect of the Load at Various Frequencies

! Constant Flux Operation Using PWM Inverters

– Torque Boost Operation– Automatic Flux Regulation with Vector Control


25 hours


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MODEL 3250 MODEL 3260

DC and AC Variable Speed DrivesMODELS 3250 AND 3260

The DC Variable Speed Drive, Model 3250, and the AC Vari-

able Speed Drive, Model 3260, enable students to develop

competence in operating and troubleshooting control systemsthat include industrial-type drives. The DC Variable Speed

Drive and the AC Variable Speed Drive are designed to be

used with any one of the following three training systems:

0.2-kW Electromechanical Training System, Model 8001,

Computer-Assisted 0.2-kW Electromechanical Training

System, Model 8006, and Industrial Controls Training System,

Model 8036. They can also be used with most commercial

motors. Each Variable Speed Drive includes specific

courseware that consists of an Operation Manual and Project

Job Sheets addressing setup and operation of the drive and

its control.

MODEL 3250The DC Variable Speed Drive, is an industrial-type drive

whose power circuitry is composed of a half bridge with

two thyristors and two diodes. A ful l-wave f ield voltage is

provided for shunt wound motors. The drive includes con-

trols for Minimum Speed, Maximum Speed, Acceleration, IR

Compensation (Regulation), and Current Limit by means of

five potentiometers located on the main circuit board. The

speed of the motor is set by the means of a potentiometer

located on the faceplate of the drive, or an insulated voltage

source of 0 to 12 V dc.

TOPIC COVERAGE

! Trainer Familiarization! Maximum Speed, Minimum Speed, Speed Regulation,

Current Limit, and Accceleration Trimpot Adjustment

Characteristics

! Remote Control Characteristics

! System Configuration


10 hours

MODEL 3260

The AC Variable Speed Drive uses the latest solid-state PWM

technology to control a three-phase squirrel-cage inductionmotor. A keypad and an LCD screen allow modification and

visualization of many different parameters, such as min/max

speed, acceleration/deceleration time, torque, etc. The V/Hz

output characteristic is user-selectable for constant torque,

pump, and fan applications. Up to eight preset speeds can be

programmed.

Speed can be controlled using either the digital keypad

or the analog input on the front panel of the module.

The AC Variable Speed Drive is available in two variants:

Models 3260-1 and 3260-2. Model 3260-1 requires 120-V,

60-Hz power available from any standard wall outlet. This

single-phase option is not available for 220-V and 240-V,

50-Hz, line supplies. Model 3260-2 requires three-phase

power, that is applied to 4-mm banana jacks on the module

front panel.

TOPIC COVERAGE

! Trainer Familiarization

! Maximum and Minimum Speed Control Characteristics

! Acceleration and Deceleration Control Characteristics

! Boost Control Characteristics

! System Configuration


10 hours


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System shown with optional equipment

Power Transmission, Distribution, and Protection

0.2-kW ELECTRIC POWER TRANSMISSION TRAINING SYSTEM

In the field of power transmission, Lab-Volt offers the 0.2-kW Electric Power

Transmission Training System, Model 8055, which operates in the same environ-ment as the 8001 EMS Training System. The 8055 system is designed to be used

with pointer measuring instruments, but it can also be used with the Lab-Volt Data

Acquisition and Management for Electromechanical Systems (LVDAM-EMS),

Model 9062.

0.2-kW PROTECTIVE RELAYING TRAINING SYSTEM

In the field of electric equipment protection, Lab-Volt offers

a complete system of protection relays. The 0.2-kW Protective

Relaying Training System, Model 8007, allows study of the

protection of generators, transformers, and induction motors.

This system is designed to be used with pointer measuring

instruments, but it can also be used with the Lab-Volt Data

Acquisition and Management for Electromechanical Systems

(LVDAM-EMS), Model 9062.

DISTRIBUTION TRANSFORMER TRAINING SYSTEM

For the study of distribution transformers, Lab-Volt offers the Distribution Trans-

former Trainer module, Model 8361, in addition to the basic exercises included

in the courseware of the 8001 and 8006 EMS Training Systems. This module is

autonomous and does not require any other module to carry out the exercises

in the student manual provided.

POWER LINE SERIES COMPENSATION DEMONSTRATOR

In the field of electric power transmission, Lab-Volt offers the Power Line Series Compensation Demonstrator module, Model

8362, for teaching the principles of series compensation. This module is autonomous and does not require any other module

to carry out the suggested hands-on demonstrations in the accompanying manual.


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0.2-kW Protective Relaying Training SystemMODEL 8007

The innovative 0.2-kW Protective Relaying Training System,

Model 8007, extends training in protective relaying beyond

the operation and calibration of individual relays into broader

circuit applications. The system provides hands-on training,

at the system level, in the following fields of protective relay-

ing: Generator Protection, Transformer Protection, and Induc-

tion Motor Protection.

The 0.2-kW Protective Relaying Training System consists

of several modules, which can be divided into four groups, as

follows:

! Common Electrical Modules – Power supply, synchronous

generator, induction motor, prime mover / dynamometer,

resistive loads, voltmeters, ammeters, and others. Most of

these modules are part of the Lab-Volt

0.2-kW Electromechanical System (EMS), Model 8001 or

8006.

! Power System Modules, 3700 Series – Modules specially

designed for training in the protective relaying area, in-

cluding current transformers, voltage transformers, power

transformers, source impedances, power contactors, and

others. These modules are designed to be installed in the

Lab-Volt EMS workstation.

! Protective Relays, 3800 Series – Selection of protective

relays. Each relay is mounted on a metal panel, which

facilitates relay installation in the Protective Relaying

Control Station. Each relay panel is equipped with fault

switches that allow fault insertion for troubleshooting at

the system level. The following types of protective relays

are available: undercurrent/overcurrent, under-

voltage/overvoltage, synchronism check, underfre-

quency/overfrequency, phase balance, phase sequence,

reverse power, and power factor.


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Phase Sequence Relay Module

Faultable Transformers Module

! Additional and Optional Equipment – Various modules,

such as distribution busses, a ring bus, transmission lines,

transmission grids, distribution transformers, protective

relays, and reactive loads are available. These modules can

be added to the basic 0.2-kW Protective Relaying Training

System to allow instructors to create more elaborate

hands-on exercises.

FEATURES

! Modular system approach allows:

– Selection of areas of interest for study

– Equipment selection to match budgets

– Setup of complete power systems/generators feeding

various devices such as transformers, transmission

lines, and others

– Progressive system enhancement

! Use of many modules from the tried and proven Lab-VoltElectromechanical System (EMS)

! Fault-insertion capability for troubleshooting at the system

level

! All device connections are terminated with 4-mm safety

banana jacks mounted on the module front panels.

! Ability of power utility customers to combine their own

protective relays with the 0.2-kW Protective Relaying

Training System to obtain equipment setups that corre-

spond to existing one-line and three-line diagrams.

TOPIC COVERAGE

! Synchronous Generator Protection

– Differential Protection– Reverse Power Protection

– Rotor Earth Fault Protection

– Loss-of-Excitation Protection

– Overvoltage Protection

– Overspeed Protection

– Overcurrent Protection

– Generator Synchronization

– Synchronous Generator Protection Scheme

! Three-Phase Power Transformer Protection

– Transformer Magnetizing Inrush

– Differential Protection

– Restricted Earth Fault Protection

– Three-Phase Power Transformer Protection Scheme

! Induction Motor Protection

– Stator-Winding Fault Protection

– Overcurrent Protection

– Phase Reversal Protection

– Phase Unbalance and Undervoltage Protection

– Stall Protection

– Mechanical Overload/Underload Protection


60 hours


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Distribution Transformer TrainerMODEL 8361

The Distribution Transformer Trainer, Model 8361, is a porta-

ble, hands-on trainer designed to allow students to develop

competence in completing single- and three-phase trans-

former connections similar to those performed in the field. The

trainer includes a three-phase, wye-connected primary line

with ground and neutral, and two sets of independent second-

ary lines to exhibit the complexity of the distribution network.

The trainer contains two sets of three single-phase trans-

formers to demonstrate three-phase banking configurations,

such as wye-wye, delta-delta, closed delta-wye, closed wye-

delta, open-wye, open-delta, and others. Various faults can

be inserted in the unit using fault (FLT) switches accessedthrough a hinged door on the rear panel of the trainer. Each

individual transformer winding is thermally protected and

designed to accept multiple faults.

The Distribution Transformer Trainer is available in two

variants. On the first variant (Model 8361-0X), each trans-

former has a primary winding with a nominal voltage equal

to the line-to-line voltage of the AC power network. On the

second variant (Model 8361-1X), each transformer has a

primary winding with a nominal voltage equal to the line-to-

neutral voltage of the AC power network, but that can sustain

the line-to-line voltage.

TOPIC COVERAGE

! Distribution Transformer Trainer

! Transformer Polarity and Terminal Markings

! Single-Phase Transformers Supplying Single-Phase Loads

! Single-Phase Paralleling

! Three-Phase Banking of Single-Phase Transformers


10 hours


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Power Line Series Compensation DemonstratorMODEL 8362

The Power Line Series Compensation Demonstrator,

Model 8362, is specifically designed for hands-on training in

the principles of series compensation for electric power

transmission lines. All equipment is provided in a single,

integrated mobile console.

The unit is powered from a standard single-phase wall

outlet. It simulates two high-voltage (735 kV) three-phasetransmission lines: one uncompensated, the other compen-

sated to 17%, 25%, or 34%. Line voltage, current, active power,

and reactive power are measured at the inputs and outputs

of the lines.

The Power Line Series Compensation Demonstrator

includes all the test equipment required to perform the sug-

gested hands-on demonstrations in the accompanying man-

ual. Input and output metering, dual transmission lines, and

various loads are available from the front panel of this self-

contained unit. Mounted on casters, the trainer can be easily

moved.

TOPIC COVERAGE

! Power Transfer Capability of a Transmission Line

! Effects of Series Compensation on Power Transfer Capabil-

ity and System Stability

! Effect of Series Compensation on Regulation of the Re-

ceiver Voltage

! Reduction of Transmission Losses on Parallel Lines Using

Series Compensation


5 hours


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Industrial Controls Series

INDUSTRIAL CONTROLS TRAINING SYSTEM AND CONTROL OF INDUSTRIAL MOTORS TRAINING SYSTEM

In the field of industrial controls, Lab-Volt offers two systems. The first system, Industrial Controls Training System, Model 8036,

operates in an autonomous environment. This system comprises a wide variety of modules and is very representative of

electromechanical, electronic, and programmable control components found in industry. The second system, Control of Industrial

Motors Training System, Model 8045, trains students in the concepts and applications of conventional motor control. It is designed

to operate in the 8001 EMS Training System environment.


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Industrial Controls Training SystemMODEL 8036

The Industrial Controls Training System, Model 8036, is amultilevel system that provides training in the operation and

troubleshooting of conventional, electronic, and programma-

ble industrial controls. Level 1 covers basic industrial controls

as well as electromechanical and electronic starters for AC

induction motors. Three other levels can be added to Level 1

to cover programmable logic controller (PLC) control circuits,

AC and DC motor drives, as well as mechanical and elec-

tronic sensors.

The system allows students to select and interconnect

control devices to form a large variety of industrial control

circuits, and troubleshoot them once a fault is inserted by the

instructor. All connections are made using flexible

PVC-insulated connecting leads terminated with 4-mm safety

banana plugs. These leads allow safe connections of compo-

nents, since the live parts of their plugs are concealed and

insulated so they cannot be contacted accidentally.

All training modules consist of actual industrial devices. Most training modules are

provided with faults that can be inserted through switches mounted behind the module

front panel. The faults have been carefully selected to properly reflect typical faulty

situations commonly encountered in the field.

The Industrial Controls Training System is autonomous and does not require any

external equipment. However, the modules of the Industrial ControlsTraining Systemcan be interconnected with those of other Lab-Volt training systems for interdisciplinary

training applications.

Other Lab-Volt industrial control training modules can be added to the Industrial Controls Training System to cover

conventional (electromechanical) starters for two-speed AC induction motors, wound-rotor induction motors, synchronous motors,

and DC motors.



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TOPIC COVERAGELevel – Basic Controls

! Basic Principles of Electric Motor Control

– Lockout/Tagout Procedure

– Control Panel Devices

– Manual Starters

– Contactors and Control Relays

– Current Protection Devices! Circuit Layout and Specifications

– Specifications Reading

– Symbols, Designations, and Diagrams

! Basic Control Circuits

– Motor Starters

– Two-Wire and Three-Wire Controls

– Manual Reversing Starters

– Reversing Starters

– Multiple Push Buttons

! Jogging Control Circuits

– Friction Brakes

– Motor Starter with Jogging

– Reversing Starter with Jogging! Reduced AC Voltage Starters

– Primary Resistor Starter

– Soft Starters

! Time Relay Circuits

– Time Relays

– Plugging with Time Relays

– Primary Resistor Starters with Time Relays

Level 2 – Programmable Logic Controller

! Programmable Logic Controller

– PLC Review

– Control Relay Functions

– Boolean Logic and Markers

– Timing Relay Functions

– Counter and Comparator Functions! PLC Control Circuits

– Interfacing Voltages

– Motor Starters with Jogging

– Reversing Starters with Jogging

Level 3 – Motor Drives

! DC Motor Drive

– Speed Adjustment and Control

– Current Limiting and IR Compensation

! AC Motor Drive

– Basic Settings and Operation

– Drive Used as a Soft Starter

– Speed Variation– Overload Protection

– DC Braking

– Remote Controls

Level 4 – Sensors

! Sensors

– Limit Switch

– Photoelectric Sensor

– Inducti

Documents

Entrenador en Electricidad Electromecanica