アジア諸国における地方分権と地方自治

106-8677 7-22-1

TEL: 03-6439-6158 FAX: 03-6439-6010

Email: localgov@grips.ac.jp

1990 19992000

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2012 48

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2015 3 12

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1 The Local Government Code of the he Philippines Local Government Code of 1991 2 2010 3 HP

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IRA IRA

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Brillantes and Perante-Calina (2013); Basic data from the Department of Budget and Management based on the total new appropriations (1998-2013), General Appropriations Act (GAA)

33 21 34 P46 of Brillantes, Alex B. and Perante-Calinaa-Lizan, “Making Reform happen: The Philippine Experience: Reorganization and Decentralization , workshop Proceedings on Making Reform Happen in Southeast Asia and Korea , International Collaborative Workshop conducted by the Center for International Development , Korea Development Institute, Korea and Korea Research Institute, University of new South Wales, Australia held at Siem Reap, Cambodia September 4-7, 2013

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Alex Brillantes Jr and Lizan Perante-Calina “Decentralization and Local Autonomy in the Philippines: Issues and Concerns and Directions” (2015 1 22 23

”Reviewing the present and Designing the future”)

http://www.idcj.or.jp/pdf/idcjr201003.pdf

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4 Wyatt, David K 1984 Thailand A Short History, New Haven: Yale University Press.

5

1970

6

7

8

1

4

1851 1868 5 1868

1910 4 1855

9

4 5 5

10

5 1975 16-456 Akin, Rabibhadana 1971 The Organization of Thai Society in the Early Bangkok Period, 1782-1873, Ithaca: Cornell University Data Paper 74, Southeast Asia Program.7 1989 49 508 1972 55 6

1972 11 33 73 9 1994a 1994b 1

2 135 2 1994 5 49 71 136 1 199410 58 80

10 1997NTT 163-166

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11 1972 1972

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197012 Tej Bunnag. 1977 The Provincial Administration of Siam 1892-1915: The Ministry of the Interior under Prince Damrong Rajanuphap, Kuala Lumpur: Oxford University Press. 13 1989 1912 5

15 3 4 1989 3 149 18314 (1999a) ( ) 50 4 8 Choowong, Chayabutra. (1997) Local Government in Thailand, Bangkok; Local Affairs Press of Local Administration, p. 70.

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17 198918 Morell, David and Chai-anan Samudavanija (1981). Political Conflicts in Thailand: reform, reaction, revolution, Cambridge: Oelgeschlager Gunn & Hain. 19 2011

101 123

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1991 2006 2014

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2015 5

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2007 20 Riggs, Fred. 1966 Thailand: The Modernization of a Bureaucratic Polity, East-West Center Press.21 Anek, Laothamatas. 1992 Business Association and the New Political Economy of Thailand: From Bureaucratic Polity to Liberal Corporatism, Boulder: Westview Press and Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies.

2007

2014 328-329

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32 Amara Raksasataya (1996), “Centralization-Decentralization: A Hundred – Year – Tug – of - War in Thailand,” Susumu Kurosawa, Toshihiro Fujiwara, Mila A. Reforma eds, New Trends in Public Administration for the Asia-Pacific Region: Decentralization, Tokyo: Local Autony College, Ministry of Home Affairs, p. 75.

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96 1998 2001 Kanokpan 2002 p.30 2002 20062006 8 21 2007 2009 2010 9 14 2010

2013 2014 10 3

( 12 )

(VAT)

( ) Sakon Varanyuwatana (2009). “Fiscal Decentralization in Thailand: Concepts, Issues, and Challenges,” Akira Nakamura ed., Local Governance under stress: fiscal retrenchment and expanding public demands on government, Tokyo: EROPA, p. 151.

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Wathana Wongsekiarttirat (1999). “Central-Local Relations in Thailand: Bureaucratic Centralism and Democratization,” Mark Turner ed., Central-Local Relations in Asia-Pacific: Convergence or Divergence?, Macmillan and St Martin's Press: London and New York, pp.81-88.

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62

2 35

25 27

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p<0.010.001<p 2006

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(1088 ) (485 ) (242 ) (232)

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1932

1932

1974

1997 1997 2

71 Nagai, Fumio. 2014 A Note on factors that determine local governance and decentralization - A reflection from the experiences in Thailand, Indonesia, the Philippines and Japan-, a paper presented to the international workshop at the Graduate Institute of Policy Studies Grips , Tokyo January 24, 2014

NPO

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1991 2006 No 568

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145 181

(1984) 25

10 53-76

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120-140

(1998) 195-223

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1997

NTT

1996

1968

(1980) < >

18 2 207-221

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2000

2005 2007

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1

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49 1898

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Table F.4 SUMMARY OF RECEIPTS AND EXPENDITURES OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT UNITS, FY 2013-2015 46

18 1998 6-8 47 1998 8 48 1998 8 9 2004 64 49 2004 64

50 1942

51

1955

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53

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53 2012 173 174 1998 9-11

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54 1973 1

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56

57 1973 1983

1983

58 1987 2 25 local governments

10 1the territorial and political subdivisions

2 shall enjoy local autonomy 59 1987 1991 54 1998 12 55

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118 1991

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63 National Statistic Office 2010 2010 Census of Population and Housing

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186,543 Quezon City 10https://psa.gov.ph/sites/default/files/attachments/hsd/pressrelease/National%20Capital%20Region.p

df 64 17 16

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71 1998 18 72 Republic of the Philippines Commission of Audit FY2013 Annual Financial Report Local Government Volume (September, 2014) 904 73 Republic of the Philippines Commission of Audit 4 74 1 175 153 75

National Statistic Office 2010 2010 Census of Population and Housing( https://psa.gov.ph/content/2010-census-population-and-housing-reveals-philippine-population-9234-million )

1991 152 Cataning 610

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95

1960

1946 96

1972

97

2014

95 Alex B. Brillantes, Jr. Decentralization and Local Autonomy in the Philippines: Issues and Concerns and Directions

Decentralization in Asian Countries Reviewing the Present and Designing the Future (4th International Research Meeting Report) Part 1 International Symposium 2015 9 174 96 2012 167 170 97 2004

2

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2012165-198

2003

159-225 2012

67-104 2015

http://www.soumu.go.jp/menu_seisaku/hakusyo/chihou/pdf/h27.pdf 2005

1998 18 1-36

Alex B. Brillantes, Jr. (2015) Decentralization and Local Autonomy in the Philippines: Issues and Concerns and Directions

Decentralization in Asian Countries Reviewing the Present and Designing the

Future (4th International Research Meeting Report) Part 1 International Symposium 2015 9 169-189

Badan Pusat Statistik (2015a Statistik Indonesia (Statistical Yearbook of Indonesia) 2015 (Badan Pusat Statistik, June 2015)

http://www.bps.go.id/website/pdf_publikasi/Statistik-Indonesia-2015.pdf Badan Pusat Statistik (2015b Statistik Keuangan Pemerintah Desa (Financial

statistics of village government) 2014 (Badan Pusat Statistik, June 2015) (http://www.bps.go.id/website/pdf_publikasi/Statistik-Keuangan-Pemerintahan-Desa-

2014.pdf B. Raksaka Mahi 2015 Indonesian Decentralization: Evaluation, Recent Movement

and Future Perspectives Decentralization in

Asian Countries Reviewing the Present and Designing the Future (4th International Research Meeting Report) Part 1 International Symposium

2015 9 65-72 129-166

Republic of the Philippines Commission of Audit (2014) FY2013 Annual Financial Report Local Government Volume (September, 2014)

http://www.coa.gov.ph/phocadownloadpap/userupload/Annual-Financial-Report/lgu/2013/2013_AFR_LGUs_Vol3.pdf

IPDN Press 2014 Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 6 Tahun 2014 Tentang Desa IPDN Press

Table A.5 SECTORAL DISTRIBUTION OF PUBLIC EXPENDITURES, 2013 - 2015 http://www.dbm.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/BESF/BESF2015/A5.pdf

Table F.4 SUMMARY OF RECEIPTS AND EXPENDITURES OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT UNITS, FY 2013-2015

http://www.dbm.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/BESF/BESF2015/F4.pdf Table Basic Data of Local Governance in Asian Countries 2015

2 Decentralization in Asian Countries Reviewing the Present

and Designing the Future –(4th International Research Meeting Report) Part 2 International Seminar 2015 12

http://www.bps.go.id/Subjek/view/id/13#subjekViewTab3|accordion-daftar-subjek2 http://www.bps.go.id/linkTabelStatis/view/id/1288 http://www.bps.go.id/linkTabelStatis/view/id/1290 http://www.bps.go.id/linkTabelStatis/view/id/1293

https://www.google.com/fusiontables/DataSource?docid=1OlmGuziakXDKU7EB-By-xUZH_2YiQdTGP5HWMohG#rows:id=6

1987

http://www.gov.ph/constitutions/1987-constitution/ 1991

https://ppp.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2010/11/The-Local-Government-of-the-Philippines.pdf http://www.dilg.gov.ph/PDF_File/reports_resources/DILG-Resources-201162-99c00c33f8.pdf http://pcij.org/blog/wp-docs/LGC1991.pdf

Malabog https://psa.gov.ph/sites/default/files/attachments/hsd/pressrelease/Davao.pdf National Capital Region https://psa.gov.ph/sites/default/files/attachments/hsd/pressrelease/National%20Capital%20Region.pdf

Cataning https://psa.gov.ph/sites/default/files/attachments/hsd/pressrelease/Central%20Luzon.pdf

Poblacion Oriental

https://psa.gov.ph/sites/default/files/attachments/hsd/pressrelease/Central%20Visayas.pdf

2010 https://psa.gov.ph/content/2010-census-population-and-housing-reveals-philippine-population-9234-million

Cataning http://cataning.cityofbalanga.gov.ph/barangay-profile Poblacion Oriental http://poblacion-oriental.valencia-bohol.gov.ph/finances/

Department of Budgets and Management http://www.dbm.gov.ph/?page_id=10197

http://www.soumu.go.jp/kouiki/kouiki.html http://www.soumu.go.jp/gapei/gapei2.html

http://www.soumu.go.jp/main_content/000391772.pdf

http://www.stat.go.jp/data/jinsui/new.htm

https://www.mof.go.jp/budget/budger_workflow/account/fy2013/ke2611c.htm

http://jp.investing.com/currencies/idr-jpy-converter

1986

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10

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3 Human

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1 20

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2011 6

Region 17

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2010 365,725 1,409,660 25.9

6 258,864 106,861

70.8 97.3

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2 80 29

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2011 15 2008 199691 2011 15 Brillantes & Tiu Sonco II 2011 p.362

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Commission on Higher Education

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2014 3 11

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Antonio Gabriel M. La Viña

Maria Fe Villamejor-Mendoza

Center for Local and Regional Governance CLRG

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Development Academy of the Philippines DAP

Antonio D. Kalaw, Jr.

Magdalena L. Mendoza

Trygve A. Bolante

2014 3 12

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Interior and Local Government

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Sen. Aquilino Pimentel Jr. Center for Local

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Philippine Institute for Development Studies

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Ethics, Power and Accountability Applied Economics for the Public Sector Public Governance and the Bureaucracy Public Policy Development and Analysis Leadership in the Public Sector

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Local Governance Modern Management in Local Government

Local Planning and Development Local Government Finance Local Investment and Enterprise Development

Health Governance Health Financing and Equity

Health Technology Assessment and Regulations Health Human Resource Management and Development Management and Governance Paradigms in Health Health Promotion and Social Determinants of Health Information and Communication Technology in Health

Climate Change and Environmental Governance Environmental Governance and Climate Change

Science and Technology Tools for Climate Change Adaptation Policy and Economics for Climate Change Mainstreaming Climate Change into Policy and Planning

Technology-based Enterprise Development Technology Development Policies and Challenges

Intellectual Property and Investment and Incentives Laws Investment and Enterprise Development Marketing Management

Rural Agricultural Development Asset Reform and Natural Resource Management

Agricultural and Rural Development Tools Rural Development Models and Approaches

General Electives Organizational Development

Operations Management Understanding National Security and Insecurity Public Budget and Finance Statistics for Public Management

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Governance Innovation Seminar Governance Innovation Report

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MPM- Local Governance Management 7

MPM- Development and Security 69

Master in Productivity and Quality Management 8

131 Development Academy of the Philippines, Providing Elegant Solutions to Development

Problems 2006-2010, p.28.

2012 National Government Career

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2

296

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2006 2010 5 56

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2014 2 19 Memorandum Circular 2014-19

Liga ng mga Barangay

Barangay Newly-Elected Officials (BNEO) Program

participation to the various training under the BNEO Program

must be provided for in the Capacity Development (CapDev) Agenda of the barangay

and may be charged against local funds subject to existing government auditing rules and regulations. 2014 8 18

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Alinio, Buenafe F. (2008) Philippine Local Government Officials Perceptions of Decentralization and Its Effects on Local Governments’ Administrative Capabilities,

Dissertation submitted to the Faculty of the Trachtenberg School of Public Policy

and Public Administration of the George Washington University

Brillantes Jr., Alex B. (2003) Innovations and Excellence: Understanding Local Governments in the Philippines, Center for Local and Regional Governance,

National College of Public Administration and Governance, University of the

Philippines Brillantes Jr., Alex B. & Bootes Esden-Lopos (2015) Factors Which Determined the

Form of Decentralization in Local Governance: The Philippine Experience ,

3

pp.103-128.

Brillantes Jr., Alex B. and Jose Tiu Sonco II (2011) “Decentralization and Local

Governance in the Philippines”, in Evan M. Berman (ed.), Public Administration in Southeast Asia, CRC Press, pp.355-380.

Co, Edna E. A. & Rosa R. Cordero (2012) “Professionalization of the Philippine Local

Government Workforce under Devolution”, in Local Governance Under Stress: Integrated Human Capacity Building In the Age of Decentralization, EROPA Local

Government Center, pp.99-112.

Green, Amanda E. (2005) “Managing Human Resources in a Decentralization Context”,

in East Asia Decentralizes, World Bank, pp.129-153.

Joaquin, Ma. Ernita T. (undated) Human Resource Challenges in a Decentralizing State: Some Notes

Local Government Academy (2009) Trainings, Researches and other Technical Services for Local Government Units (TREATS) Digest

Mangahas, Joel V. and Jose O Tiu Sonco II (2011) “Civil Service System in the

Philippines”, in Evan M. Berman (ed.), Public Administration in Southeast Asia,

CRC Press, pp.423-459

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(A)

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214 258 206 242 186

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58 28 128 288 296

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B.Raksaka Mahi and Suahasil Nazara,”Survey of Recent Developments”, Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Suties,vol48,No.1,2012,21

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O.Tiu Sonco , Decentralization and Local Finance in the Philippines

18

O.Tiu Sonco , Trends and Patterns: Local Operating Income/Revenues and Current

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IRA

Alinio(2008)22

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1998 NGO

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( )

26 2014

LAW OF THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA NUMBER 28 YEAR 2009

CONCERNING LOCAL TAXATION AND CHARGES

WITH THE BLESSING OF THE ONE AND ONLY GOD ALMIGHTY THE PRESIDENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA

CHAPTER II

TAXES

First Part Types of Taxes

(1)

-

’

Disclaimer

TRANSLATION

(3)

(4)

(5)

(1)

(3)

(4)

1990

A

2015 3 1 2

1 7 5

2 3

2 7

3 3

1 1 2

2 6 7

8

1 2 6

2 9

1 4

1 5

1 3

2 11

2 10

2

2011 2014

4 1

2

3

2

1993 20

1 1 4

7 42015 9 2015 12

2

45 1 201346 12 2015

3

28 1

106-8677 7-22-1 TEL: 03-6439-6333 FAX: 03-6439-6334