Esp Erection Manual

电除尘器使用说明书 Electrostatic Precipitators Operator’s Manual

(共享版)

工程服务处制作

电除尘器使作说明书 (共享版) 工程服务处制作

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目录 CONTENT

1. 范围 Subject and Coverage................................................................................................................... 3 2. 规范性引用文件 Quoted standards ....................................................................................................... 3 3. 概述 General ............................................................................................................................................. 3 3.1 型号说明 Description of model numbers:...................................................................................... 4 3.2 常规电除尘器使用条件 Application conditions of conventional ESP...................................... 5 4. 工作原理: Principle of electrostatic precipitator................................................................... 5 5. 设备简介 Briefing of the equipment................................................................................................. 6 5.1 电气部分 Electrical portion............................................................................................................... 7 5.2 机械部分 Mechanical portion............................................................................................................... 8 6. 设备的安装和检查与调整 Installation, Check and Adjustment of Equipment....................... 12 6.1 安装要求 Erection requirements...................................................................................................... 12 6.2 设备的检查调整 Check and Adjustment of Equipment................................................................... 12 7. 设备的安全规程 Safety Regulations of equipment....................................................................... 16 7.1 人身安全 Personal safety.................................................................................................................. 16 7.2 设备的安全检查 Safety checks of Equipment................................................................................. 17 7.3 检修整流变压器的安全注意事项 Safety Measures during T/R Maintenance............................ 17 7.4 进入电除尘器内部检修的安全规程 Safety Measures for Maintenance inside ESP.................. 18 8. 设备的试运转 Trial Run of Equipment............................................................................................. 19 8.1 设备试转的目的Purpose of trial run for the equipment............................................................. 19 8.2 设备试运转的步骤 procedures of trial run for the equipment............................................... 19 9. 设备的操作规程 Operation Regulations of the Equipment....................................................... 22 9.1 对操作人员的要求 To the operation personnel's request........................................................ 22 9.2 投运前的准备工作 Preparation work before start-up.................................................................. 22 9.3 投运步骤 Start-up procedures of ESP............................................................................................. 22 9.4 运行过程 Operation process.............................................................................................................. 23 9.5 停车步骤 Shutdown procedures of ESP............................................................................................ 24 9.6 电控设备操作 electric equipments operation................................................................................ 25 10. 设备的维修保养及故障处理 Maintenance and troubleshooting of Equipment....................... 25 10.1 常规检查保养 Routine checks and maintenance........................................................................... 26 10.2 警告 Warning.......................................................................................................................................... 27 10.3 常见故障分析 ordinary failure analysis.................................................................................... 29 10.4 综合性故障分析与处理 Analysis of comprehensive defaults and their solutions. ........ 30 10.5 电气方面常见故障及处理The hackneyed breakdown and processing of the electricity .... 38 10.6 螺旋线和绝缘瓷套的更换 Replacement of spiral wires and support insulators. .............. 41 11. 专用工具 special tool ........................................................................................................................... 44 12. 翻译说明 TRANSLATOR’S NOTE: ........................................................................................................... 44


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1. 范围 Subject and Coverage 本说明书规定了电除尘器的使用条件、考核标准、设备调整、试运转、操作、维修

保养和故障分析处理的方法以及安全注意事项。

This instruction defines the operating conditions, verification criteria,

methods of adjustment, trial run, operation, maintenance and troubleshooting, and

safety points for attention concerning electrostatic precipitators (ESP)

本说明书适用于火电、冶金、造纸、建材和化工等行业用的干式、板式、卧式 SY 型

电除尘器的调试、操作、维修管理。GP 型、ZH 型等电除尘器也可参照采用。不适用于湿

式、立式电除尘器。

This standard is suitable for the commissioning, operation and maintenance

and management of dry and plate – type, horizontal SY-model ESPs in industries of thermal power generation, metallurgy, paper-making, building materials and

chemicals etc. This standard can be used as reference code for GP-model and ZH-model

ESP, not for wet and vertical ESPs.

2. 规范性引用文件 Quoted standards 下列文件中的条款通过本说明书的引用而成为本说明书的条款。凡是注日期的引用

文件，其随后所有的修改单（不包括勘误的内容）或修订版均不适用于本说明书，然而，

鼓励根据本说明书达成协议的各方研究是否可使用这些文件的最新版本。凡是不注日期的

引用文件，其最新版本适用于本说明书。

The items of the following standards are part of this manual through quoted

standards. For all quoted ones with marked dates, its following revised lists

which exclude mistaken content or revised edition don’t apply to the manual, however, related department which have agreed on the manual are encouraged to

research whether the latest edition is available. For all cited standards without

marked dates, its latest one is suitable for the standards.

FWJ/2006-10 电除尘器安装说明书

Erection Manual of Electrostatic Precipitator

JB6406-1992 电除尘器调试运行维修安全技术规范

Electrostatic Precipitator-technical specifications of

commissioning, Operation, and Maintenance

JB/T5910-1997 电除尘器

Technical Specification of Electrostatic Precipitator

GB/T13931-1992 电除尘器性能测试方法

Electrostatic Precipitator-Methods of Performance Test

3. 概述 General

电除尘器是一种高效节能的烟气净化设备，具有收尘效率高、处理烟气量大、使用

寿命长、维修费用低等优点，在当前国内外对环保要求越来越高的情况下，电除尘得到了

越来越广泛的应用。在使用电除尘器时必须按电除尘器使用说明书的规定操作。本说明


书未涉事项，应按电除尘器产品有关图纸和技术文件的规定处理。

ESP is a highly-efficient, energy-saving equipment for air cleaning with

high superiority such as high collection efficiency, large gas volume to be treated,

long service life, low-cost maintenance. At present, public demands on

environmental protection are more and more stringent, ESPs are more commonly used.

During the operation of an ESP, its operators’ manual must be strictly followed.

Any points without mentioned in the standards should be handled according to the

requirement of relevant drawings and technical documents.

3.1 型号说明 Description of model numbers:

我公司生产的电除尘器其主要型号及其意义说明如下:

The main model numbers with the designation of from our company as follows: 例：

2 SY 3 × 45 M – 2 × 88 – 145

电场有效高(dm)

Effective height of electric fields (dm)

小室有效宽度(dm)

Effective width per cell (dm)

单台并列小室数

Number of cells in parallel per ESP

同极间距 400mm(H 为 300mm)

Passage spacing code for 400mm (H is 300mm)

电场有效长度(dm)

Effective length per field (dm)

电场数

Number of fields per ESP

FLAKET 型钢结构

FLAKET- steel structure

一套设备并列台数

Number of ESPs in parallel per boiler

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注：上述型号简写为： Note: The above model number can be simplified as

2 F 197 - 3 电场数为 3 个 Number of fields per ESP 电场有效流通面积为 197m2

Effective cross-sectional area (197m2)

FLAKET 型钢结构 FLAKET-steel structure 一套设备并列台数为 2 台 Number of ESPs per boiler (2 sets)


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3.2 常规电除尘器使用条件 Application conditions of conventional ESP

其使用范围是： The range of ESP application as follows:

烟气处理量： ≤6 x 106m3/h

Gas volume to be treated: ≤6 x 106m3/h

烟气温度： ≤400℃(＞250℃为高温型)

Flue gas temperature: ≤400℃(＞250℃ is within high temperature model)

比电阻为： 1 x 105~ 1x 1014

Ω.cm

Specific resistance: 1 x 105~ 1x 1014

Ω.cm

同级间距： 250~600mm Spacing of same electrode: 250~600mm

承受许用压力： -4.0x104~0Pa

(其中 -1.0 x104~0Pa为常规型；-4.0 x10

4~-1.0 x10

4Pa为高压型)

Pressure drop across ESP proper: -4.0x104~0Pa

(among of this: -1.0 x104~0Pa is as normal model; -4.0 x104~-1.0 x104

Pa is as

high pressure model)

入口烟气含尘浓度：≤100g/Nm3（在标准状态下）

Dust concentration of inlet flue gas ≤100g/Nm3(under normal status)

电除尘器可以处理含有腐蚀性物质的烟气(防腐蚀型电除尘器)。

ESPs can be used to treat flue gas that contains corrosives material (called

anti-corrosive ESP).

本标准不适用于处理易燃、易爆的烟气（对易燃易爆烟气应进行特殊处理）。

ESP are not applicable for the treatment of inflammable and explosive gases

(For these should be done special treatment).

当设计的工况条件超过本标准适用范围时，其质量指标应在产品的技术文

件（如技术协议书）中具体规定。

When working conditions for designing is beyond application range of the

standard, its quality basis should be in conformity with those stipulated in

the technical agreements such as technical agreement document.

4. 工作原理: Principle of electrostatic precipitator

电除尘器除尘原理是含尘烟气通过高压静电场时，与电极间的正、负离子和电子发生

碰撞或在离子扩散运动中荷电，带上电子和离子的尘粒在电场力作用下向异性电极运动并

吸附在异性电极上，通过振打等方式使电极上的灰尘落入集灰器中。


实践证明：静电场场强越高，电除尘器效果越好，且以负电晕捕集灰尘之效果最好，

所以，本设备设计为高压负电晕电极结构型式。运行简图如下： The principle of dust collection in an ESP as follows:

When passing through the high voltage electrostatic fields, dust particles

will be charged by colliding with positive ions, negative ions and electrons among

electrodes or in the ion dispersion movement.

The particles with electrons and ions on them will move and accumulate on the

electrodes of opposite polarity under the influence of the electric field. By means

of rapping, the layer of dust particles on the electrodes will be dislodged into

the bottom hoppers.

Practice has shown that the higher the strength of electrostatic field, the

more effective as ESP will be and it is preferable to capture dust particle in

and ESP operation with negative corona, therefore, our ESPs are designed as the

structure of high voltage negative corona electrodes with flow chart as follows:

自由电子 Free electron

高压静电场 HV field

气体介质电离

GAS ionization

含尘烟气

Flue gas

正离子

Positive ion

负离子

Negative ion

含尘烟气

Flue gas

粘附尘粒

Adherenc

粘附尘粒

Adherenc

带正电荷尘粒

Positive particle

带负电荷尘粒

Negative particle

受电场力作用

Field influence

受电场力作用

Field influence

趋向阴极

To negative electrode

趋向阳极

To positive electrode

振打

Rapping

振打

Rapping

落灰

Dislodgment

落灰

Dislodgment

灰斗

Hopper

净气

Clean air 出灰

Ash discharge

净气

Clean air

5. 设备简介 Briefing of the equipment

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电除尘器结构包括电气及机械两大部分，其主要构件及功能分述如下：

Structurally an ESP is divided into two portions, electrical portion and

mechanical portion. Its main components and functions are described respectively

as follows:

5.1 电气部分 Electrical portion

电除尘器电气部分由高压直流电源(包括其控制系统)和低压控制系统组成。

The electrical portion comprises high voltage DC power supply including to

their control system and low voltage control system.

5.1.1 高压电源目前常规配用型号为 GGAJ02 型，其型号意义为：

Conventionally we use Model GGAJ02 high voltage power supply. The designation

of the model as follows:

G G AJ 02

可控硅控制 Control with thyristor

油浸自冷 Oil immersed and self-cooling

硅整流 Silicon rectification

高压用 Use for high voltage

该套装置一般包括高压整流变压器﹑自动控制柜和电抗器，或高阻抗整流变压器和自动控制柜。

Such a set of power supply usually consists of high voltage transformer

rectifier, auto-control cabinet and reactor or high impedance transformer

rectifier and auto-control cabinet.

该套装置能灵敏地随电场烟气条件的变化，自动调整电场电压；能根据电流反馈信号

调整电场火花频率，使其工作在最佳状态下，达到最佳收尘效果。

This power supply can automatically adjust the voltage applied to the electric

field according to the changes of gas conditions therein and can adjust the spark

ratio in the field at the optimum level according to feedback signals from current

so as to achieve the effects of dust collection in the best way.

该装置有比较完善的连锁保护系统。

This power supply is equipped with perfect interlocking protective system.

该装置可按用户需要加配计算机管理系统和上位机。

It is possible to set extra computer management system and upper level machine

in the power supply followed by customers’ request.

5.1.2 低压控制系统及其功能可包括：

Low voltage control system and its functions:

a. 阴、阳极振打程序控制；

Programmable control of rapping for both collecting and discharge

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electrodes;

b. 高压绝缘件的加热和加热温度控制；

Control of heating for high voltage insulators and heating temperature;

c. 料位检测及报警控制；

Control of indication and alarming for ash level;

d. 排灰及输灰控制；

Control of ash removal and transmission;

e. 门﹑孔﹑柜安全连锁控制；

Control of safety interlocking for doors, holes and cabinets;

f. 灰斗电加热功能；

Functions of electrical heating of hopper;

g. 进、出口烟气温度检测及显示；

Measurement and indication of inlet and outlet flue gas temperature;

h. 通过上位机设定低压系统的功能和参数；

Set up the functions and parameters of low voltage system through Remote

Supervisor Unit;

i. 综合信号显示和报警装置。

Indication of comprehensive signals and alarm;

注：根据需要选择设置上述功能。

Note: Above functions are set according to needs.

5.2 机械部分 Mechanical portion

机械部分从结构来分可划分为内件﹑外壳和附属部件。

This portion can be structurally divided into internals, casing and auxiliaries.

5.2.1 内件 Internals

5.2.1.1 阳极系统 Collecting system

阳极系统由阳极悬挂装置﹑阳极板和撞击杆等零部件组成。阳极板为收尘极，它是由

δ1.2～δ1.5的薄板在专用轧机上成型的，我公司目前主要有480C型和735C型两种板型。

由若干块阳极板组成的阳极排平面应具有较好的刚性，保证其平面度在规定范围内，以保

证阴、阳极间距的极限偏差。

The collecting system consists of suspension devices, collecting plates and

shock bars etc. Colleting plates are shaped with steel coil 1.2 to 1.5mm-thickness

plate on the special rolling machine. Currently, our company can provide two kinds

of colleting plates ----480C type and 735C type.

The curtain of collecting plates linked together must have better rigidity

and its plan flatness should be kept within the specified limits so as to ensure

the limited deviation of distance between collecting plates and discharge

electrodes.

5.2.1.2 阴极系统 Discharge system

阴极系统由阴极吊挂、上横梁、竖梁、上、中、下部框架、阴极线等零部件组成。

阴极线为放电极，它是由专用设备制成的，我公司主要有管型芒刺线系列和螺旋线两

种线型，是电除尘器的关键零部件之一。阴极吊挂是把整个阴极系统吊挂在顶部大梁

上并引入高压负极。由竖梁、上横梁、角钢等组成的平面结构的功用是固定上、中、


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下部框架和阴极振打轴系。上、中、下部框架是阴极线的支持体。 The discharge system consists of suspension devices and top horizontal

beam, vertical beam, upper, middle and lower frames, discharge electrodes.

The discharge electrodes-emitting electrode are manufactured with special

equipment. Two types can be offered by our company i.e series of tubular barbed

wire and spiral wire which are key parts of ESP.

Suspension for discharge system are used to support the discharge system

from the top girder and collected with negative polarity of high voltage. The

function of plane structure which is composed of vertical beam, top horizontal

beam and angle bar, etc is to fix the upper, middle and lower frames and

discharge rapping shafts. The supper, middle and lower frames are the holders

of discharge electrode..

5.2.1.3 阳极振打 Collecting rapping system

阳极振打由阳打传动装置、振打轴系和尘中轴承等零部件组成(侧部传动)。

Collecting rapping system consists of drive, shafting, plain bearing etc.

Normally it is driven from the ESP side.

5.2.1.4 阴极振打 Discharge rapping system

阴极振打由阴打传动装置、竖轴、大小针轮、振打轴系和尘中轴承等零部件(顶部传

动)或阴打传动装置、振打轴系和尘中轴承等零部件(侧部传动)组成。

Discharge rapping system consists of drive, vertical shafting, big and small

pin wheels, rapping shafts, rapper bearing etc. (for top-driven design)or of are

drive device, rapping shaft, rapper bearing etc.(for side driven design).

振打装置是电除尘器的一个重要装置，通过振打使积附在极板、极线上的灰尘振落

下来落入灰斗。

Rapping devices are of great importance to ESPs. By rapping, dust accumulated

on both collecting plates and discharge electrodes are dislodged and fallen into

hoppers.

阴、阳极振打均采用侧面摇臂锤旋转振打。

Both collecting and discharge rapping systems use rotary hammers to carry out

side rapping.

由于阴极振打尘中轴承固定在带有负高压的阴极系统构件上，所以阴极振

打轴端串连有一支用来绝缘的电瓷转轴，以便隔离高压电。

Since the rapper bearings are attached to the elements of discharge system

at negative high voltage. A porcelain shaft insulator is inserted to isolate the

high voltage between two runs of the same emitting rapping shaft.

5.2.2 外壳 casing

5.2.2.1 进口封头 inlet nozzle (inlet funnel)

进口封头是进口烟道和电场外壳之间的连接过渡段。进口封头内部装有二

至三道气流分布板，其目的是使烟道中来的含尘烟气经过时气流尽可能均匀进

入全电场。

Inlet nozzle is the transition between inlet duct and casing of the field.

There are two or three layers of gas flow distribution plates inside the inlet


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hood to make the passing dust laden gases from duct enter the whole field as even

as possible.

因为喇叭接口有一个气流降速过程，所以一些较大尘粒的灰尘易自然沉降而积附在封

头和分布板上。因而在一些灰尘粘性较大的电除尘器中设置了气流分布板振打(结构类似

阳极振打)。

The gas flow will speed down when passing through the nozzle, some larger dust

particles will accumulated by natural sedimentation on the nozzle and gas

distribution screens, thus some ESPs treating flue gas with clogging dust particle,

distribution screens for rapping are laid, which its structurally similar to

collecting rapper

5.2.2.2 出口封头 Outlet nozzle (outlet funnel)

出口封头是使净化后的烟气接入排气烟道的装置。它的结构形状同样对气流分布有

关。一般情况下，在出口封头内部靠近与壳体相接的截面上间隔装有槽形出口气流分布板。

The outlet nozzle makes clean flue gas go into the exhaust flue duct, which

its structure and shape have relevance to gas flow distribution, under normal

conditions, a row of outlet gas distribution plate (channeled plates with no holes)

is installed at the interface between the outlet nozzle and the casing.

5.2.2.3 屋顶 Roofs

内顶盖和外顶盖组成了屋顶。其中的顶横梁是一个重要零部件，它担负阳极、阴极的

支撑悬挂，载荷较大。因为高压电(不管高压电源是装于顶部或地面)通过顶横梁引入阴极，

为保证瓷套的干燥以利绝缘，绝缘子室内部设有加热装置。加热装置有两种型式：电加热

或电加热附加热空气加热。

Roofs consist of inner roof and outer roof, of which the top girder is a key

element as it carries larger loads between collecting and discharge system. Since

higher voltage power from the power supply (either at the top or on the ground)

is fed in the discharge system through the top girder. To ensure good insulating

status of insulators, heating devices are installed inside the insulator

compartment to maintain its dryness, which two types can be adopted: electric

heating or electric heating plus hot air heating.

5.2.2.4 壳体 casing

壳体由立柱、侧封、端封、管撑等组成，是电除尘器钢壳受力支撑件，它与前后的进、

出口封头和上下的屋顶、灰斗组成一个密闭的容器, 侧封上装有人孔门。

Casing is made up of columns, side panels, end panels, pipe bracings, etc as

support components of steel casing of ESP and together with inlet and outlet nozzle

and upper and lower roof and hopper, form a sealed container. There are access

doors on the side panels.

5.2.2.5 底梁和灰斗 Hopper Ridge Beam (bottom beam) and hopper

底梁把壳体部件和灰斗连接成一体。灰斗是收集振落灰尘的容器。为了防止烟气流经

灰斗旁路串气而降低除尘效率，灰斗内部装有挡风装置。灰斗角度需保证灰尘自卸。为防

止温度降至露点以下使灰斗结灰，一般在灰斗下部设置加热装置(个别全灰斗)。加热装置


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有两种型式：电加热或蒸汽加热。灰斗下口直接气力输灰装置或接抽板阀和排灰阀。

Hopper ridge beam is used to connect components of casing with hopper. Hopper

is a container which used to collect dislodged dust. Anti-sneaking baffles are

installed inside the hopper, which prevent flue gas from bypassing the hopper,

thereby leads to reduction of collecting efficiency. The hopper must have a correct

valley angle to ensure that ash can flow down by itself in the hoper. To avoid

condensation occurrence as a result of dust temperature dropping below dew point,

heating device is usually installed on the lower part of hopper (in some cases

all over the hopper). Alternatives of hopper heating are either electric heating

or steam heating. From the flange at the hopper bottom, pneumatic ash conveying

system or gate valve and discharge valve can be connected.

5.2.3 附属部件 Auxiliaries

5.2.3.1 走梯平台 ladders and platform

走梯平台是为了方便电除尘器的就地操作、日常维修保养之用，所有主要维修点皆可

通过走梯平台到达。

These are provided for easy access to different locations at various levels

so as to facilitate ground operation and daily maintenance.

5.2.3.2 支承 Support bearings

支承位置在电除尘器本体和支承(水泥柱或钢支架)之间。由于电除尘器是热体，支

座是冷体，因而支承除担负电除尘器重载外，还需有补偿热膨胀引起位移的功能。支承一

般采用平板型复合材料(摩擦片)滑动轴承，电除尘器中等以下规格的也有用平面滚珠支承

轴承的。

Support bearings located between ESP proper and support elements (concrete

pillars or steel columns). Its function is not to support heavy loading from ESP,

but compensate displacement caused by thermal expansion since ESP is a hot body

in operation while its support elements are cold. Support bearings are usually

taken the form of plate type of compound material (friction pad ) as slide bearings.

Plane ball bearings are sometimes used in ESPs of medium size or smaller.

5.2.3.3 保温结构 Thermal insulation.

为保证电除尘器的正常运行，防止烟气温度因散热而降止露点以下，必须对电除尘器

外壳进行保温。保温的基本原则是减少热交换，保温的基本要求是保证烟气介质的最低温

度必须在露点以上 20℃～30℃。保温结构设计确定了保温材料的种类、主保温层的厚度、

外壳保护板的型式以及它们的用量。

To guarantee an ESP in normal operation and prevent flue gas temperature from

dropping below dew point due to thermal dispersion, thermal insulation should be

laid over the ESP casing. The function of the thermal insulation is to reduce heat

exchanging. By applying thermal insulation, the minimal gas temperature must be

guarantee as high as 20℃ to 30℃ above dew point. The structural design of ESP

thermal insulation should specify the kind of insulating material, thickness of

main lagging and respective quantities.

5.2.3.4 接地 Earthling


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第 12 页共 44 页

电除尘器在高电压下运行，且采用负电晕制，即阳极与壳体等电位。为保

护高压设备和人身安全，必须对设备进行可靠接地。接地的基本要求如下：

The ESP is operating under high voltage and normally with negative corona which

means its casing and collecting system have the same potential. To protect high

voltage equipment and ensure person safety, the ESP must be earthed reliably with

requirements as follows:

a. 接地网应考虑全年均能达到 2欧姆以下；

Resistance of the earthed grid can reach less than two ohms all the year

round.

b. 接地网的设置，力求使周围对地电压均匀。

The arrangement of the earthed grid should be such that the surroundings

have an even voltage to ground.

6. 设备的安装和检查与调整 Installation, Check and Adjustment of

Equipment

6.1 安装要求 Erection requirements

设备的安装应符合《电除尘器安装说明书》要求。

The installation of the equipment should meet the requirement of Erection

manual of Electrostatic precipitator.

6.2 设备的检查调整 Check and Adjustment of Equipment

设备在安装完毕投入生产以前，应对机械部分和电气部分分别进行适当的调整和检

查，使其能安全正常运行。

Respective check and adjustment of mechanical portion and electrical portion

should be properly made in order to guarantee ESP under safe and normal running

after the equipment is erected and prior to its being put into operation.

6.2.1 设备机械部分的检查调整 Check and Adjustment of Mechanical Portion

6.2.1.1 对电场内弯曲变形的极板、极线进行二次校正，使全部通道的异极距极限偏差在

下列范围：阳极板高度 h≤7m 的电除尘器为±7mm,阳极板高度 h＞7m 的电除尘器为±10mm。

Make second corrections to some deformed or bent collecting plates and

discharge electrodes in the electric fields to ensure that all the distances

between opposite electrodes are kept within the following deviations: for ESPs

with height of collecting plates H≤7m and the deviations is ±7mm and for H

＞7m, ±10mm .

6.2.1.2 对电场内高低电位间距小于异极距处均必须予以处理。

Make adjustments in the electric fields wherever the distance between parts

at high and low potential is less than the distance between opposite electrodes.

6.2.1.3 电场内的螺栓是否按要求拧好并作止转焊接。


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第 13 页共 44 页

Check all the bolts and nuts to see that they are tightened and welded firmly.

6.2.1.4 阴、阳极振打锤头与承击砧位置是否符合按规定程序批准的图样要求，轴、锤转

动是否灵活。

Check to see whether contact positions between the rapping hammers and anvils

are exactly as requited in the approved drawings and the shafts and hammers can

rotate freely.

6.2.1.5 清除电场内存有的异物。

Remove all foreign materials left inside the electric fields.

6.2.1.6 检查风门电机、振打减速电机、排灰电机转向是否正确，运转是否灵活，链

条松紧是否适当，各润滑部位是否已加油。其调试方法参见《电除尘器安装说明书》

附录 B进行。

Check whether the motors for dampers, rapping, ash discharge, etc. have

the correct direction of revolving and turn freely and the chains are mounted

with proper tension and each of locations of lubrication have been oiled and

greased. For methods of commissioning, refer to appendix B of Erection Manual

of Electrostatic Precipitator.

6.2.1.7 检查各瓷套接触是否平稳，受力是否均匀，各瓷件是否干燥干净。

Check whether all support insulators are mounted steady under even distributed

loads and are kept dry & clean.

6.2.1.8 检查本体各部位及人孔门等处密封性是否良好，并作密封性试验，其方法参见《电

除尘器安装说明书》附录 B进行。

Check to see that different parts o f the ESP casing and all inspection doors

are well sealed. Make gas-tightness tests followed by Appendix B of Erection Manual

of Electrostatic Precipitator.

6.2.1.9 振打制度一般是根据提高清灰效果，减少二次飞扬，提高除尘效率，延长振打元

件的使用寿命以及降低电气控制的复杂程度等原则来确定的。具体内容详见该工程电除尘

器的电气技术协议书。振打制度先试行一段时间后再根据观察到的实际情况不断调整直至

确定最佳振打制度。

The rapping system is designed on the principle of improving dust cleaning

effects and reducing dust re-entrainment, enhancing dust collection efficiency,

lengthening service life of rapping elements and minimizing the degree of

complexity of electric control for rapping. For details, specify the ESP electric

technical technical agreement of the project. After a period of trial run, the

rapping system is to be constantly adjusted to its optimum mode according to

observed actual situation.

6.2.1.10 对于灰斗下部的排灰阀开、停制度详见电除尘器电气技术协议书。如出灰机构采

用气力输灰则无排灰阀装置，灰斗下口直接接仓泵，其卸灰由仓泵料位计控制仓泵上的进

料阀门来达到。


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第 14 页共 44 页

For details of the ON-OFF of dust discharge valve on the lower hopper specify

the ESP electric technical agreement. Pneumatic ash conveying system is used, there

is no need for ash discharge valves, In such a case, the hopper outlet is directly

connected with the ash transmitter and the discharge of ash is controlled by the

level detector of the inlet valve on the transmitter.

6.2.1.11 气流分布装置因我公司在厂内已做过气流分布模拟试验，气流分布装置是按试验

结果要求设计制造的，故规定现场不再做气流分布装置调整试验。

Actual gas distribution devices are designed and manufactured on the

acceptable results of gas distribution model tests with a scale model, which the

simulated tests are made by out company. So no adjustment tests for the gas

distribution devices are made on site.

6.2.2 设备电气部分的检查调整

Check and adjustment of Electric Portion

6.2.2.1 测量本体接地电阻，要求小于 2欧姆。

Measure the ground resistance of the ESP proper with available value below

two ohms

6.2.2.2 正常天气下用 2500 伏兆欧表测定高压绝缘件的绝缘电阻应大于 500 兆欧。

Measure insulation resistance of high voltage net work by using a 2500V

megameter under normal weather and make sure it is larger than 500 mega-ohms.

6.2.2.3 电除尘器外壳及高压整流变压器正极电缆联线应完好并紧固。

The cable between the ESP casing and the positive terminal in the HV T/R should

be kept as a whole part and fastened.

6.2.2.4 用 500 伏兆欧表检查振打电机、风门电机、卸灰电机及其电缆绝缘情况，其绝缘

电阻不低于 0.5 兆欧。

Use a 500Vmegameter to measure the insulation resistance of all motors and

their cables, of which its insulation resistance is not less than 0.5 mega-ohms.

6.2.2.5 高压隔离开关操纵机构应灵活、位置准确。

The operating mechanism in the high voltage isolating switch should have high

mobility and be placed in the exact position.

6.2.2.6 按规定程序批准的产品图样检查各部位接线是否正确。

Check to observe that all wiring in the different electric parts is correctly

laid as per approved product drawings.

6.2.2.7 根据烟气的导电性质和对除尘效率的要求，调整电场运行的火花频率次数。在高

压控制柜上设有电压上升率和电压下降率的控制电位器，可以调整火花率，设有一对寿命

较长的闪络熄弧指示灯，当电场内有一个火花时，电子闪光灯就亮一次，可用秒表计算火

花频率次数。也可先调整火花率在下列范围：入口电场为 30~60 次/分，中间电场类 20~50


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第 15 页共 44 页

次/分，出口电场为 10~20 次/分。如使用后发现此值不妥可调整之，直到找出合适的火花

率。微机控制的可控硅整流变压装置有火花自动跟踪控制等多种功能，使电除尘器运行在

最佳状态，达到理想的除尘效率和最低的运行费用。

Adjust the spark frequency in the electric field according to electric

conductivity of flue gas and required collection efficiency. There is a control

potentiometer showing the rates of or voltage climb and drop on the high voltage

control cubicle, which its function is to adjust spark ratio through a pair of

indication lamps with longer life for flashover and quenching. When there is a

flash of spark in the electric field the electronic flash lamp will shine once,

so the spark frequency can be counted with a stopwatch or adjust spark rates within

the following range: 30 to 60 sparks/minutes for inlet field, 20 to 50 sparks/min.

for middle fields and 10 to 20 sparks/minute for outlet field. If the figures are

found to be improper after a period of operation, then adjust them until an optimum

one is reached. Microprocessor-controlled thyristor transformer rectifier has

multiple functions such as automatic tracing of sparks, hence it makes possible

that running for ESP is under optimum status with perfect collection efficiency

and lowest operation cost.

6.2.2.8 绝缘瓷件加热恒温整定值一般在烟气露点以上 15℃~25℃ 左右，要求低于下限温

度时指令管状电加热器通电，高于上限温度时断电，电控部分应按此要求进行调整。因瓷

套盖结构设计成使少量热空气吸入瓷套内，可减少瓷套污染，因瓷套盖带高电压，所以温

度测点离热源较远，并离冷风吸入处较近，因此实际显示温度较低，不影响瓷套绝缘。 The set value of the thermostat for insulator heating is normally around 15

℃ to 25℃ above dew point of flue gas. It is required that when the temperature

falls below the inferior limit, the electrical heaters are energized. And when

the temperature exceeds the superior limit, it is de-energized. The electric

controls should be adjusted by the above requirement. Since cover of support

insulator is structurally designed that small amount of thermal air is led in the

support insulators so as to reduce the ones being contaminated. And for cover of

support insulators with high voltage, measuring points of temperature air either

quite farther from thermal supply and rather nearer from the cold wind section.

Consequently, the actual temperature is much lower without any effects on its

insulating.

6.2.2.9 按所确定的振打制度、卸灰制度，调整好电气控制线路。

Electric control circuits are to be adjusted properly according to specified

rapping and ash discharge system.

6.2.2.10 关于电除尘器低压控制回路、高压控制回路调试、空载通电升压试验、冷态无烟

电场负荷调试和热态负荷整机调试等的具体方法参见《电除尘器安装说明书》附录 B或电

气设备制造厂的《使用说明书》进行。

For various items in electric commissioning refer to Appendix B of Erection

Manual of Electrostatic Precipitator or instruction manual offered by electric

manufacturer


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第 16 页共 44 页

7. 设备的安全规程 Safety Regulations of equipment

电除尘器操作人员及临时上电除尘器工作的人员，除了熟悉一般的安全常识外，还必

须严格遵守 JB6407《电除尘器调度、运行、维修安全技术规范》规定，并要有专人负责安

全工作。

ESP operators and those who work temporarily on an ESP must strictly abide

by standard JB6407 with general knowledge on safety as basic requirement. There

should be specialized personnel are to be in charge of safety.

7.1 人身安全 Personal safety

7.1.1 电除尘器是高压设备，人身安全要特别注意，在整流变压器附近高压引入部位绝缘

子室，设备投运时，人必须在安全距离之外。

ESP is an high voltage installation, so special attention must be paid to

personal safety. Whenever the insulator compartment and the inlet part of high

voltage T/R are in service. Any person must be away from a safe distance.

7.1.2 凡电场内腔均属高压危险区域，运行时绝对不允许人员进入，所有人孔门必须有安

全联锁。

The inside of any electric field is a dangerous area of high voltage and no

one is allowed to enter during the operation of the ESP. All inspection doors must

be interlocked for safety.

7.1.3 控制室各控制屏及布线架沟、人孔门、高压设备均应挂上“高压危险”标志牌，严

禁非操作人员乱动或接近。

Boards or signs bearing “Danger! High voltage!” must be hung on each of the

control cubicles in the control room, cable trays & trenches and inspection doors,

and all high voltage equipment. They are not be moved at random or approached by

non-operators.

7.1.4 电除尘器是金属高空运行设备，供人员上下的走梯、平台、栏杆必须牢固可靠，不

允许积水、积雪及禁止过道上堆积杂物和无需用的材料设备。

ESP is a metal operating equipment at high altitude. Ladder, platform and

handrails must be reliably firm and solid. No accumulation of water or snow is

existed thereon. All the walkways should be free of odds ands or needless objects.

7.1.5 凡在外壳高空检修或在电场内攀登于阴阳极部件、振打部件、分布板部件等高空构

件之上进行作业检查维修、测定时，施工人员必须戴上安全帽，系上带有缆绳或自动闭锁

装置的安全带。

When performing inspection, maintenance, measurement at high altitude, where

it is outside the ESP casing or at high-located parts inside the ESP such as

components/parts of collecting and discharge rapping distribution plate. The

personnel must wear safety helmets and tie safety belts with ropes or automatic

lock.


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第 17 页共 44 页

7.1.6 电除尘器是属高温负压多尘的危险作业设备，故在运行期间不准用手或人体其他部

位接触高温部位，检查时必须停车打开人孔门通风冷却，使温度降至 40℃以下时方可进入

电场内作业。

ESP is an dangerous installation at high temperature, high negative pressure

and dusty, so no part of the human body is allowed to touch any hot part in its

operation. When the ESP is shut down for inspection/maintenance, the inspection

doors should be opened to cool down via ventilating and people can enter when the

internal temperature drop below 40℃.

7.1.7 电除尘器处于负压状态下工作，若当人孔门开着时，人接近人孔门有可能会被吸入

电场内造成损伤，甚至高压电击事故，所以人孔门必须安全联锁。

If any inspection door is left opened during the operation of ESP with negative

pressure status, anyone near the door is likely to be sucked in due to high negative

pressure as a result of body in juries and even electric shock accidents by high

voltage, therefore, the doors must be securely interlocked.

7.1.8 停机后，人员如要进入电场内，必须佩带安全帽和密封良好的保护工作服、靴子和

手套等。

Personnel enter the ESP must wear safety helmets, well-sealed protective

overalls, shoes and gloves etc after its shutdown.

7.1.9 施工完成后，应该及时清洗人体和保护工作服，以免所粘带烟尘感染人体。

To prevent human bodies from being infected by smoke and dust, wash the body

and protective overalls after the construction is finished.

7.1.10 施工人员进入电除尘器内腔时，如烟尘太多应戴上防毒面具。

Wear gas masks when construction staff enter inlet of the ESP where there is

too much dust and smoke.

7.2 设备的安全检查 Safety checks of Equipment

7.2.1 定期检查接地线和接头情况，导电性能是否良好，其他所有保护装置是否都完好无

损。

Make regular checks of the earthing cable and other connections to see if they

have good electric conductivity and other protective devices are in good order.

7.2.2 检查所有继电器箱和开关箱的锁是否保险，无关人员不可随便打开箱锁。

Make sure that all the locks on boxes for relays and switches are reliable,

so irrelevant personnel can not open them easily.

7.2.3 电除尘器内所使用的手用照明灯必须是安全电压灯具。

The portable lamps for use inside the ESP must be as lamps with safety voltage.

7.3 检修整流变压器的安全注意事项 Safety Measures during T/R Maintenance

7.3.1 确认整流变压器的电源已经切断，安全开关处于断开位置上，并且已用锁保险。

Make sure that the transformer-rectifier (T/R) has been cut off with its safety


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第 18 页共 44 页

switch in exact “OFF” position and locked with a lock.

7.3.2 检查控制柜面板上所有开关，使其都处于关闭状态。

Check to see that all the switches on the control panel are in “OFF”

positions.

7.3.3 在控制柜面板前显眼处挂一块写有“正在检修变压器，禁止合闸”字样的标牌。

A sign showing ‘T/R Under Repair! Inhibit reclosing’ should be placed

in an eye-catching position in front of the control panel.

7.3.4 检查接地线端头的接地情况是否良好。

Check whether the earthing terminal is well earthed.

7.3.5 将整流器的高压部件用所提供的接地装置接地。

Earth high voltage parts of the T/R with the earthing devices provided.

7.3.6 按上述步骤检查完成后方可进行整流变压器检查。

Make sure the above procedures have been executed before T/R maintenance.

7.4 进入电除尘器内部检修的安全规程 Safety Measures for Maintenance inside ESP

7.4.1 在控制屏显眼的地方挂上一块写有“电场内有人工作，禁止合闸”字样的标牌。

A sign showing ‘PEOPLE inside ESP, Inhibit reclosing’ should be placed in

and conspicuous position in front of the control panel.

7.4.2 进入电除尘器电场内的检修人员至少要有两人，其中一人担任负责工作（监护），检

修人员必须熟悉电除尘器结构和各部件的作用，还必须充分了解烟气和灰尘的性质，可能

造成的危害以及有效的安全保护措施。

For maintenance inside the electric field of the ESP, at least two persons

are needed and one of them is in charge of monitoring. Maintainers of ESP must

be familiar with the design and structure of the ESP as well as the function of

its various parts/components. They should also know the properties of the flue

gas and the dust, their potential harms and the effective protective measures to

be taken.

7.4.3 电除尘器投运后停机，进入电除尘器内部，具体应遵守如下规程：

The shutdown of an ESP and Personnel to enter it should follow the regulations

listed below:

a. 严格按照 7.1 条的有关规定。

Strictly follow the relevant specifications stipulated in the items of 7.1;

b. 遵照 7.3 条规定的有关步骤。

Carry out the related procedures stipulated in the items of 7.3;

c. 断开电除尘器所有振打电机及排灰阀电机的安全开关，并用锁保险。

Turn off the safety switches of all rapping motors and the motor for ash

discharge valve and secure them with locks;

d. 切断高压硅整流变压器边上的高压隔离开关并接地，同时把放电极系统接地，并用


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第 19 页共 44 页

锁保险。

Turn off the HV isolating switch, secure it with a lock and earth the

discharge system with the earthing devices provided;

e. 将电除尘器的送、引风机开关拨在关闭位置，并用锁保险。

Turn the switches of ESP blower and I.D. fan to “OFF” position and secure

them with locks;

f. 关闭进出口烟道上的风门，关掉风门电动操作装置并加锁保险。

Shut off the dampers on ESP inlet and outlet ducts, turn off electric

actuators of damper and secure them with locks;

g. 打开所有人孔门（检修门），使电场通风，等温度降至 40℃以下时人员方能进入。

若要加速降温，可以打开出口烟道风门，开启引风机，这时人孔门必须锁定在开启

位置，以防突然关闭。

Open all the inspection (access) doors to ventilate the ESP internal. When

the temperature drop below 40℃, people can enter. To speed up the process

of cooling, the dampers in outlet duct can be opened and the I.D. fan can

be turned on. But in such a case, the access doors must be locked in the

“OPEN” positions to avoid sudden closing.

h. 进入人员应注意电场内部各部件冷却程度的不一，以免烫伤。

When maintainer enter the ESP, they should be aware of the risk of being

scalded because of different degrees in cooling for different

parts/components.

i. 进入电场后，应先检查一下有否危险隐患的灰尘堆积层，如有应先设法清除，以免

发生意外，并应查明积灰原因。

After entering the ESP, maintainers should first inspect to see if there

is dust accumulated somewhere with potential of danger. If there does exist,

clean it to avoid accidents. At the same time, the causes for dust

accumulation should be worked out.

j. 检修结束后，要清点带进电场的检修工具，以免遗留在电场内，影响电场功能。

When the maintenance is over, maintainers should check their tools at lest

some of them are left to impair ESP function.

8. 设备的试运转 Trial Run of Equipment

8.1 设备试转的目的 Purpose of trial run for the equipment

为保证设备运行的可靠性，设备在安装调整完毕后和正式投运前或设备长期不用后再

重新使用前，都必须进行投运前的试运转。

To ensure the ESP in reliable operation, before a new installation is put into

formal service after erection and commissioning or before an old one is to resume

operation after a long period of stoppage, a pre-operation trial run must be made.

8.2 设备试运转的步骤 procedures of trial run for the equipment

8.2.1 试运转需有一名有经验的工程师任总指挥，并按本条规定制定检查项目，有严格的

现场记录，指定专人登记。为防止启运期间因烟气中水份结露和未对各部件进行检查而造

成对设备的损坏，必须进行以下主要检查：

An experienced engineer should be appointed to be a general director of the


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trial run. And the items to be checked should be planned and strict records on

site should be kept and special personnel should be designated to register. To

avoid damages caused by condensation of moisture in flue gas or by not inspection

all the parts/components during operation, the following checks should be made:

a. 检查确认 6.2 条中所有检查调整项目都已落实解决合格；

Check to confirm all the items listed in 6.2 above have been carried out

with acceptable results;

b. 关紧各保温箱门并上锁；

All the doors of thermal insulated boxes are locked;

c. 锁上人孔门投入安全联锁；

All the inspection doors are closed and interlocked;

d. 检查进出口烟道风门开启情况，手动、电动是否灵活；

Check the open & close of flue duct dampers to ensure reliable operation

both manually and electrically;

e. 检查电气控制板上报警装置的功能是否正常，可揿压每块控制板上标有“试验”字

样的按钮来模拟报警；

Check the functions of alarm on the electric control panels by pressing the

‘TEST’ buttons thereon to simulate alarming;

f. 检查电源网络电压是否正确；

Check to see if the power net voltage is correct;

g. 确认所有的人都已离开电除尘器内部和其他高压危险区域。

Check to confirm that no one is inside the ESP or in other dangerous areas

with high voltage;

8.2.2 在确认设备已进行过试运转前的所有各项检查并正常后再进行下列操作：

After all the pre-operation items of inspection have been made with acceptable

results, perform the following operations:

a. 开通各绝缘子室电加热器；

Turn on the electric heaters in the each insulator compartment

b. 逐步轮流开动各振打、排灰电机，注视各环节情况，运行半小时；

Start up the motors for rapping and ash discharge and observe each parts

and keep them running for 30minutes;

c. 拆除高压部分的接地构件，将阴极和阳极之间开路。

Detach the earthing devices from the high voltage parts to have an open

circuit between the discharge and collecting system;

d. 合上各供电单元的高压隔离开关并锁定，使其处于工作位置。

Turn off the HV isolating switches on the power units and lock them in the

operation positions.

8.2.3 送电合上自动调压系统，观察空载通电电压上升情况。

Energization —Turn on the automatic voltage-adjusting system and observe the

rising for no-load voltage.

8.2.4 如需观察电场内电晕闪络情况应由负责人亲自在人孔门外组织，要特别注意安全。


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第 21 页共 44 页

If it is need to observe the status of corona flashover in field. Appointed

in-charge should organize outside man hole. More safety attention should be taken

care.

8.2.5 记录初级次级电压电流值的变化。空载电流与当时空气湿度有关，所以空载试车要

注意设备容量和电压电流值。

Keep records of the changes of primary and secondary voltage and current. Since

the no-load current has something to do with the temperature and humidity of the

air. At the very time of trial run with no-loads, pay attention to the capacity

of the equipment and values of voltage and current

8.2.6 空载试车结束后分析情况消除试运转中出现的全部故障。

After the trial run with no-loads is over, analyze and eliminate all the

breakdown occurred under the trial run.

8.2.7 绘制各电场伏安特性曲线。将每上升一定电流的电压值标在坐标纸上，直到电

流额定值为止，然后把这些点连成一条曲线即为“伏安特性曲线”，可作为安装质量

的检查及今后每次检修后空载伏安特性的参考。

Plot the voltage-current characteristic curves for each electric field. Mark

the values of voltage corresponding to a certain degree of rising in current on

a sheet of coordinate paper until the current reaches its rated value. Connecting

these points together will form a piece of curve, which is called voltage-current

characteristic curve and can be used as reference for the check of erection quality

and comparison with later no-load curves of the same electric field.

8.2.8 当锅炉已经燃煤，电场内温度高于烟气露点后，可向电场送电投入高压，并观察电

压、电流的自控系统工作情况，此时比空载时电流有较大减少，电压也有下降，可根据情

况调整火花频率，并在实际运行中找出合适的火花率。

While coal fired in boiler and the inside field temperature is higher than

flue gas dew point, apply the high pressure to field and observe working status

of auto-controlling system of voltage, current. At this time, comparing with empty

load, the current shall be dropped as well as the voltage; adjusting the spark

frequency according to actual condition and find proper spark frequency during

operation process.

8.2.9 记录有负载时初级次级电压电流值。

Keep records of the on-load primary and secondary voltage and current.

8.2.10 用同样方法可以绘出负载时的伏安特性曲线并分析之。

Plot the on-load V-A curves and work out analysis to them by the same methods.

8.2.11 再次检查壳体、检查门等处的漏风情况。

Re-check the air leakage in the ESP casing and inspection door etc.

8.2.12 停车（停车步骤见 9.5 条）。


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第 22 页共 44 页

Shut the ESP down (Procedures of shutdown refer to item 9.5).

8.2.13 检查绝缘瓷套内壁、电瓷转轴、气流分布板两侧等处是否有灰尘迅速积聚及损坏现

象。

Check the inner wall of the support insulator and the shaft insulator and two

sides of the gas distribution screen to see if there are phenomena of rapid dust

accumulation and damages.

8.2.14 消除在负载试运转中出现的全部故障。

Eliminate all the troubles occurred during the on-load trial run.

9. 设备的操作规程 Operation Regulations of the Equipment

9.1 对操作人员的要求 To the operation personnel's request

电除尘器应有专业人员进行操作管理，专业人员必须对本设备性能、操作要求、安全

和维护保养知识有较全面的了解，并熟悉本说明书。操作管理前应由企业对管理人员进行

考核，合格后方可参加操作。

The ESP should be operated and managed by professional people who have

comprehensive knowledge on performances of the equipment, requirements of

operation, safety and maintenance and are familiar with this manual. The owner

of the ESP must first have these qualified by means of examination and check before

they are to be operated and managed the ESP.

9.2 投运前的准备工作 Preparation work before start-up

投运前必须对设备再一次进行严格的检查，逐项做好检查纪录，并经现场运转总负责

人签字认可。

Before the start of ESP operation, make a final strict check of the equipment,

keep inspection records for each items and the records should be signed and approved

by the person in charge of field operation.

9.3 投运步骤 Start-up procedures of ESP

9.3.1 投运前的检查工作完毕，所有的安全措施得以落实，有关人员已就位。

Make sure that pre-operation inspection is over, all the safety measures are

taken and all the operators are in place.

9.3.2 各加热器至少在开始启动前 8小时投运，以确保灰斗内和各绝缘件（绝缘瓷套、电

瓷转轴等）的干燥；防止因结露爬电而引起的任何损害。检查各加热器系统的电流是否正

常。

All the heaters have been turned on for at least 8 hours prior to start-up

of ESP, which ensure inside the all hoppers and various insulators (support

insulators, shaft insulators, etc) are dry and to avoid any damage caused by

electric creepage owing to condensation. Check all electric heaters to see if the

current is correct.

9.3.3 打开进出口烟道（进出口连通烟道除外）上各挡板风门。


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第 23 页共 44 页

Open all the dampers in inlet and outlet flue ducts (but with the exception

of those in inlet and outlet interconnecting sections).

9.3.4 起动引风机。

Start up the I.D. fan.

9.3.5 向电场通烟气预热以消除电除尘器内部机件上的潮气，预热时间依电场内气体温度

湿度而定，一般以末电场出口端温度达到烟气露点以上即可。锅炉烧油时不应启用高压硅

整流电源。

Lead flue gas into the ESP to eliminate the moisture on various internals.

This period of warm-up depends on the temperature and humidity within each field

and is usually ended when the temperature at the outlet of the last field reaches

higher than gas dew point. At this time be sure to let go the moisture from within

the insulator compartments. When the temperature of gas at ESP outlet remains lower

than dew point, never put the high voltage T/R into operation. When the Boiler fire

with oil, never put the high voltage T/R into operation. (Expect the ESP for the

oil fired Boiler)

9.3.6 起动排灰系统。

Start up the ash discharge system.

9.3.7 起动所有振打机构。

Start up all the rapping devices.

9.3.8 开动所有振打系统的各种功能，使报警和安全联锁、温测温控装置、灰位检测和排

灰输灰处于可控制运行状态。

Turn on all the functions of the low voltage operating system. Set alarms,

safety interlocking, temperature detector and controller, ash level indicator,

ash discharger, etc. are all in a mode of auto-controlled operation.

9.3.9 当锅炉已投煤运行且电场内温度高于烟气露点后，电除尘器可投入运行，但必须在

零火花率状态下运行。

The ESP can’t put into operation until the boiler is in steady operation with

firing coal and the temperature inside ESP is higher than gas dew point. And it

should be operated with zero spark rate.

9.3.10 热风吹扫系统起动时：电加热先投 5分钟左右，然后起动风机。停止时，先关闭风

机，再停止电加热。

While start up the hot air blowing system, first, keep above 5 minutes for

electrical heating, then start fans. While cease the blowing system, first,

discontinue the fans, then stop electrical heating.

9.4 运行过程 Operation process

9.4.1 控制室应有足够的人员值班。当班人员应经常观察设备运行情况，如发现异常情况，

均应找出原因，排除故障。除控制室值班外，每班至少有二次巡回检查变压器和各旋转部


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第 24 页共 44 页

件工作情况，检查减速机的油检及时加足润滑油。

There should be sufficient staff on duty in the ESP control room. They should

make regular checks to the operation of the equipment. For occurrence of abnormal

phenomena, analyze the causes of breakdown and solve them. For each work shift,

at least two checkers should be made to the transformers and all rotary devices

to see if they function properly and check oil inspection of speed reducer and

adequately grease.

9.4.2 主要检查下列内容：Main items to be inspected are as follows:

a. 各加热系统工作电流是否正常。

Check to see whether the operating current of each heating system is correct.

b. 检查各指示灯及报警控制板的功能是否良好。

Check all the indicating lamps and alarms to see if they function properly;

c. 高压控制柜指示的一次侧电流 A，电压 V，二次侧电流 mA 和电压 KV 是否正常。

Check to see if the values of primary current A and primary voltage V and

secondary current mA and secondary voltage KV as indicated by the rectifiers

are correct.

d. 排灰系统出灰有否故障。

Check to see if the ash discharge system has any problem in discharging the

collected ash;

e. 经常检查振打轴是否转动，锤头锤击是否正常（外面可以听到）。

Regularly check to see if the rapping shafts turn normally and the hammers

hit properly (as can be heard from outside of ESP).

9.4.3 观察各电场火花率、振打制度、排灰程序，并在实际运行中逐步调到最佳状态，直

至有满意的除尘效率。

Observe and optimize the spark ratio, rapping sequence and ash discharge

program of each electric field until a satisfactory collection efficiency is

obtained.

9.4.4 每班必须对设备运行情况进行认真记录，尤其是对一次电压电流值、二次电压电流

值的记录要完整（一般可二小时记录一次）。

The staff on duty must keep records of the operation status of the equipment

with carefulness, especially values of the primary and secondary current and

voltage, which are to be recorded per two-hours.

9.5 停车步骤 Shutdown procedures of ESP

9.5.1 临时关闭 Temporary shutdown

a. 关闭所有风机,静待 3～5分钟。

Switch off the I.D. fans and wait for three to five minutes;

b. 按电场顺序关掉各供电单元的高压电源，并将高压控制柜锁定。

Switch off, in the order of electric field, the high voltage power source

to each bus section and have the control cubicles locked;

c. 关闭进出口烟道中的所有风门。

Shut off all the dampers in both inlet and outlet flue ducts;


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第 25 页共 44 页

d. 让振打系统和加热系统在暂停阶段继续运行。

Keep on running for heating systems during temporary shutdown;

e. 此时严禁人员时入电场内；

Any person isn’t allowed to enter into field of ESP. f. 如确实需要人员进入电场检修则应使高压部件接地，阴阳极振打停转，并等电场内

降温后穿着防护服装，有照明方可进入。

While inspect inside field, the high pressure parts should be earthed and

the collecting &emitting rapping should be stopped, after the temperature

falling down, the inspection personnel can enter into field for inspection

& maintenance by wearing the exposure suit under the proper illumination

condition.

9.5.2 长期关闭 Long-term shutdown

a. 完成临时关闭所要求的 a～c步骤。

Complete the procedures steps a, b and c in 9.5.1 above;

b. 切断各供电单元的高压隔离开关转至接地位置并锁定。

Turn off the high voltage isolating switches to each bus section and turn

it in the earthing position and have it locked;

c. 关掉所有加热器系统、温测温控系统，灰位控制系统。

Shutdown all systems of heating, temperature measuring controlling and ash

level controlling;

d. 振打系统和排灰系统在高压电源切断后再继续运行直至让所有烟灰从电除尘器中

清除干净为止。

Keep on operation the rapping and ash discharge systems after high voltage

power supply is cut off until all the smoke and dust are cleaned and removed

inside the ESP;

e. 切断总的电源开关（不包括照明线路）。

Turn off the main power switch, excluding lighting;

9.6 电控设备操作 electric equipments operation

高低压控制系统和上位机的操作见《电控设备使用说明书》。

For operation of the electric portion, refer to Electric Instructions of

electrical equipment.

10. 设备的维修保养及故障处理 Maintenance and troubleshooting of

Equipment

为了使电除尘器长期稳定地运行，达到预期的除尘效率，设专人负责对电除尘器的运

行和维护，负责人必须对电除尘器做到四懂三会。四懂即懂结构、懂原理、懂性能、懂作

用。三会即会操作、会维护保养、会排除故障。

To achieve the reliable operation of ESP in long term with required collection

efficiency, professional personnel should be appointed to be is charge of ESP

operation and maintenance. These people must know the design, principles,


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第 26 页共 44 页

functions and performance of the ESP and are able to operate and to maintain and

to troubleshoot the ESP.

电除尘器每次停机都应进行一次检查，清理电场，校正变形大的极板、极线，擦洗绝

缘瓷件，测量绝缘电阻，排除运行中出现的故障。此外，每年中修一次，中修内容包括更

换损坏件等，每三年左右（或根据电厂大修周期）进行一次大修，对电场作全面清扫、调

整，更换影响性能或已经损坏的各零部件等，并定期更换润滑油。

During each shutdown of ESP, a general check should be made to clean its inside

and correct the deformed plates and electrodes and clean the insulators of dirt

and measure the earth resistance and eliminate all defects occurred during its

previous operation. Normally an ESP needs a minor overhaul once a year, of which

items includes the replacement of worn parts. The ESP need major overhaul every

third year (or followed by overhaul schedule of the boiler). Overall cleaning and

adjustment are done in electric field and replacement of some defective or worn

parts/components are made, moreover, lubricants are to be changed at regular

interval.

10.1 常规检查保养 Routine checks and maintenance

10.1.1 进入电场先检查积灰情况，再进行清扫。

After entering the ESP, first check if there any phenomena of dust accumulation

and clean these.

10.1.2 检查电场侧壁、检查门、顶盖上绝缘子室等部位是否有漏风结露灰尘板结腐蚀现象

或积灰现象，并实施消缺。

Check the side panels, access doors and insulator compartments at the top of

ESP to observe if there are phenomena or air leakage, condensation, corrosion or

dust accumulation, if there are, eliminate them.

10.1.3 检查各传动电机的温度、减速机内油面、振打轴轴承处有否卡住，锤头转运是否灵

活，有否脱落，击打接触位置是否正确，对减速机按产品要求施加润滑油。

Check the motor temperatures oil level in speed reducers, shaft bearings and

rapping hammers to see if they are in good order and if the hammers hit on the

correct locations. Lubricate the motors as per manufacturer’s manual.

10.1.4 有时烟气流速较低部位气流分布板有可能积灰、堵塞，检查并进行人工清扫。

Sometimes the gas distribution screens may have dust accumulations or

blockages somewhere due to low gas velocity thereon. Check and clean manually.

10.1.5 检查阴极框架以及极线的弯曲情况和积灰情况。

Check the discharge frames and discharge electrode to ensure that they are

not deformed and that there is no dust deposition.

10.1.6 检查阳极板及振打杆的弯曲情况和积灰情况。

Check the collecting plates and shock bars to ensure that they are not bent

and that there is no dust deposition.


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第 27 页共 44 页

10.1.7 绝缘瓷套用来支承和绝缘放电系统。运行中，瓷套表面往往会沉积一层灰尘和污物，

这就容易导致表面高压电击穿，从而击裂绝缘子。所以瓷套应保持清洁，每次停机应抹擦

瓷套内腔和外壁，并用手电筒仔细检查是否有细小裂缝。为了吸入热空气减少瓷套内部污

染，瓷套盖板上二腰孔需留有 5 至 10mm 的孔。 Support insulator is used to support and insulate for discharge system.

Possible cracks result from high voltage breakdown due to accumulated dirt and

moisture, thus clean inner and outer wall of the insulator and search for tiny

crack by using a flashlight. In order to suck thermal air to reduce contamination

from internal support insulator, two slot holes (5mm to 10mm) of its cover plate

are left.

10.1.8 放电极振打的电瓷转轴也应检查有无粘灰并揩干净，有裂缝时必须更换。

Clean the shaft insulators in discharge rapping shafts and search for possible

flaws with a flashlight.

10.1.9 检查高压硅整流变压器（按制造厂说明书）、高压隔离开关、继电器、加热元件功

能、温测温控仪表、报警装置、接地装置是否正常，并消除故障。

With reference to the manufacturer’s manual, check the HV T/R sets to see

if the functions of the high voltage isolating switches, relays, heaters,

instruments for temperature measuring and controlling, alarms, earthing devices.

etc. are normal and eliminate the breakdown if there are any.

10.2 警告 Warning

10.2.1 严防电场内出现严重积灰

Take strict precautions against excessive accumulation of ash in field of

ESP.

电场中大量积灰通常是由于输灰系统故障，或出力不足，或是由于灰斗加热器损坏和

保温不良，导致落入灰斗中的灰尘粘接或“搭桥”，使粉尘不能及时排出，形成大量粉尘

在灰斗中堆积，等粉尘堆积到电极时，会产生电场短路，阳极振打系统损坏，阳极板吊挂

脱钩，甚至阴极框架变形等，从而导致电场失效并产生严重后果。另需高度关注的是电场

虽停止运行，而锅炉仍在运行，电除尘器内仍有大量的自然沉降灰。如果灰斗过量积灰没

有及时处理，会对电除尘器造成进一步的破坏，因此急需将灰排除，具体措施如下：

Heavy dust accumulations in electric fields are usually caused by failure

of dust discharge system or its insufficiency of conveying capacity. Maybe dust

adherence or ‘bridging’ in hoppers on account of hopper heaters with breakages

and poor thermal insulation, and it make the ash can’t discharge smoothly in time.

Huge amount of dust piled in hoppers, when it continuously accumulates and touch

electrode, it will inevitably result in short circuit in electric fields. The

rapping system of collecting system will be damaged. The collecting plate will

be moved out from its suspension frame. The emitting frame will be deformed. It

accordingly makes the electrical field malfunction and result in severe problem.

We should pay extra attention to this situation. At this period the field has been

stopped running, but the boiler is still working. Large numbers of dust hereby

still fall into hopper by gravity. If there is excessive deposit of dust in the

hopper and that is not discharged in time, it will result in a severe and


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第 28 页共 44 页

nonreversible damage of ESP. So the exigent method for discharging the dust should

be made to prevent the ESP from being further damaged，the details as follows:

a.严防灰斗过量积灰：当灰斗高料位报警时必须检查输灰系统的实际运行情况，并采

取措施保证输灰顺畅，以降低灰位，从而解除高料位报警。

Avoid over deposit of dust in hopper. Check the actual operation condition

of conveyor system, when the high level detector alarms, and take measures

to make the dust conveying unhindered. It will reduce the level of dust and

conceal the alarm.

b.当任一灰斗积灰超过灰斗的上平面且使电场跳闸时，必须在极短时间内采取紧急排

灰措施，要在 3 小时内及时清灰，8 小时内使灰斗积灰低于灰斗大口以下，保证电

场能投入正常运行。

When dust deposit in any of hoppers is over its upper level and make the

switch break out, exigent measures must be taken to discharge the dust in

extremely short time. The dust discharging should be done in 3 hours and

the deposit level is lower than the upper opening of the hopper in 8 hours

to make the field working again.

c.如果 8 小时内还未能及时清灰，则必须进行强制措施排灰，例如：灰斗下口割口、

打开挖手孔等排灰方法。

If the dust discharging is not done in 8 hours, mandatory measures must be

taken, for example, cutting a hole near the outlet of hopper, open the hand

hole for discharging the dust, etc.

d.经过各种排灰努力，若 48 小时之内，灰斗内的积灰仍不能清到大口以下，电场还

在跳闸状态，则必须强制停机停炉，确保设备可靠安全，否则可能会产生严重的后

果。

If every great efforts has been made in 48 hours, and the dust in hopper

is still beyond the upper opening of hopper, and the switch is still out

of work, the generator and boiler have to be compulsively shut down to make

sure of safety and avoid worst results.

e.排灰时注意人身安全，特别是灰搭桥时，当受到其他外力作时，可能会突然下坠，

另外应防止发生烫伤及其它事故。

Pay extra attention to the safety when the dust be discharged from hopper,

especially the bridging dust, because it will drop suddenly if effected by

other outer force. Besides this other accidents such as scald should also

be avoided.

10.2.2 无安全措施，严禁人员进入电场。

No safety measure, No allowance for entering into electrical field

10.2.3 非专业人员不得进入电除尘器顶部。

Nobody is allowed to go to the ESP roof, otherwise the professional person


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第 29 页共 44 页

of ESP

10.3 常见故障分析 ordinary failure analysis

10.3.1 阴极线断裂 fracture of emitting electrode

阴极线处于恶劣的工作环境中，如果极线断裂，就可能造成电极短路，从而迫使整

个电场关闭，失去除尘能力。

The emitting electrode work in vile environment, it is possible to cause

short circuit if it fractures, shut-down of whole field shall be occurred

accompanying with the inability of dedust.

某些电除尘器的阴极线采用不锈钢螺旋线。须注意螺旋线在如下情况下会变弱；

Some stainless spiral wire will be used as emitting electrode of ESP, but

spiral wire shall become weak under the following situation:

a.阴极线上有折点，有不必要的弯曲。

Break point or unrequired bend appeared on emitting electrode.

b.在安装过程中因拉伸过头，使张力达不到要求而电腐蚀折断。

Overstressing during erection, the tension can’t reach requirement so

as to make wire break off by galvanic corrosion.

c.阴极线上的划痕，极易引起阴极线的断裂，所以在安装、调换阴极线、使用工具

时应注意保护。

Nicks on emitting electrode can easily cause break off of electrode,

therefore, more attention should be paid for erection and changing of

electrodes and tools.

d.挂钩套管与阴极线不压紧，太松，会引起电火花腐蚀。

If sleeve of hook is not closely tie with emitting electrode or too loose,

it shall cause spark corrosion.

e.阴极线对氯化物很敏感，像食盐、氯化铵等物质会腐蚀阴极线。因此，在运输、

贮存时应注意避免与氯化物接触。

Emitting electrode is sensitive to chloride, the common salt and ammonium

chloride can corrupt emitting electrode. Therefore, avoid touching with

chloride during transporting and storage.

10.3.2 振打失灵 rapping failure

如果振打机构发生故障，就会使放电极和集尘极上大量积灰，导致运行电流下降，

火花增加，电晕封闭和电场短路。造成振打失灵的原因有可能是电气故障，也可能是机械

故障，需仔细检查、修复。

If rapping system failure occurred, it shall cause dust deposit on emitting

system and collecting system, result in current drop down, spark increasing, corona

blockage and short circuit of field. The causes of rapping failure may be electrical

failure or equipment failure which should be inspected and repaired carefully.


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第 30 页共 44 页

10.3.3 绝缘子破裂 insulator break off

绝缘子包括支持瓷套、电瓷转轴、穿墙套管等，当锅炉启动时，燃油点火、油煤混

烧时间过长或电加热器损坏时，灰尘和湿气积聚在绝缘子表面后，表面绝缘电阻减少，在

高压情况下易产生表面爬电击穿，同时，也有可能绝缘子受热不均匀而破裂，此时就需调

换。

Insulator is composed by supporting insulator, shaft insulators, feedthru

insulator, etc. While start up boiler, if the period of ignition or firing of mill

&oil mixture is too long or electric heater is damaged, the dust and moisture will

be gathered on insulator surface result in the decrease of insulation resistance,

so that it will be penetrated under the high voltage effect. Moreover, the heating

may be uneven to the insulator surface, it is need to change.

10.3.4 灰斗堵灰、电场积灰形成短路。Hopper blockage & dust deposit result in short

circuit

电场中大量积灰通常是由于灰斗或输灰系统故障引起的。由于灰斗加热器损坏和保

温不良，使落入灰斗中灰尘粘结或“搭桥”，或是由于输灰系统失灵，使粉尘不能及时排

出，形成大量粉尘在灰斗中堆积，等灰斗达到电极时，形成了电场短路。

Heavy dust accumulations in electric fields are usually caused by failure

of dust discharge system or its insufficiency of conveying capacity. Maybe dust

adherence or ‘bridging’ in hoppers on account of hopper heaters with breakages

and poor thermal insulation, and it make the ash can’t discharge smoothly in time.

Huge amount of dust piled in hoppers, when it continuously accumulates and touch

electrode, it will inevitably result in short circuit in electric fields.

10.3.5 高压整流装置故障见电气配套厂说明书

HV rectifier facilities failure refers to attached instruction manual of

electrical equipment.

10.4 综合性故障分析与处理 Analysis of comprehensive defaults and their

solutions.

序号

No.

故障情况

Defaults

故障原因

Possible Causes

排除措施

Remedies

1．放电极高压部分可能被导

电性异物接地。

Possible earthing from HV

part by foreign electric

conductive material.

检查电场或绝缘子室，清除异

物。

Examine the field and

insulator compartment,

then remove the foreign

material. 1

二次工作电流大，二

次电压升不高，且无

火花。

The secondary

working current is

large, secondary

voltage can’t rise up, and no flash.

2．高比电阻粉尘或烟气性质

改变电晕电压。

The character of high

specific resistance of

dust and flue gas change

the corona voltage.

改变煤种或采用烟气调质。

Change the type of coal or

adopt gas extender.


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第 31 页共 44 页

序号

No.

故障情况

Defaults

故障原因

Possible Causes

排除措施

Remedies

3．控制柜内高压取样回路故

障,施电管软击穿或表计卡

死。

HV sampling loop in control

cabinet has malfunction

and discharge rube are

under soft breakdown

condition, or the meter

gets stuck.

检修高压回路，更换元器件。

Repair the HV loop and

change the broken

component.

1

二次工作电流大，二

次电压升不高，且无

火花。

The secondary

working current is

large, secondary

voltage can’t rise up, and no flash.

4．整流变内部高压取样电阻

并联的放电管软击穿。

The discharge tube

comprised of paralleled HV

sampling resistance in T/R

is under soft breakdown

condition.

更换元器件

Change the broken

component.

1．放电极高压部分可能被导

电性异物接地。

Possible earthing from HV

part by foreign electric

conductive material.

清除异物

Remove the foreign

material.

2．折断的阴极线与阳极板搭

通造成短路。

If cutted emitting

electrode touch with

collecting plate which

will cause short circuit.

更换已断阴极线

Replace the broken wires.

3．高压回路已短路。

The high voltage loop is

short-circuit.

检修高压回路

Check the high voltage

loop.

2

二次工作电流正正

常或偏大，二次电压

升不高，甚至接近于

零,或是电场出现严

重闪络而跳闸,高压

开关合上后，重复性

跳闸。

The secondary

current is normal

or a little bigger,

the secondary

voltage can’t rise up or remains lower

even nearly 0,

serious flashover

cause tripping,

while block HV

switch, tripping

shall be occurred

again.

4．某处绝缘子严重积灰而击

穿。

If dust logged seriously on

insulator which will be

penetrated.

清除积灰结露，更换已击穿绝

缘子。

The dust & dew should be

clean away and the

penetrated insulator

should be dhanged.


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第 32 页共 44 页

序号

No.

故障情况

Defaults

故障原因

Possible Causes

排除措施

Remedies

2

二次工作电流正正

常或偏大，二次电压

升不高，甚至接近于

零,或是电场出现严

重闪络而跳闸,高压

开关合上后，重复性

跳闸。

The secondary

current is normal

or a little bigger,

the secondary

voltage can’t rise up or remains lower

even nearly 0,

serious flashover

cause tripping,

while block HV

switch, tripping

shall be occurred

again.

5 灰斗内积灰大量增加至灰

斗上口以上,使极板、极线，

埋在灰内，造成两极间绝缘性

能降低。

The depositing dust in

hopper increases greatly

and even exceeds the upper

opening of hopper and

buries lower parts of the

collecting plate and

emitting wire and make the

insulation character

greatly decrease.

电场跳闸后,要在 3 小时内及

时清灰，8小时内使灰斗积灰

低于灰斗大口以下，保证电场

能投入正常运行。如果 8小时

内还未能及时清灰，则必须进

行强制措施排灰，例如：灰斗

下口割口、打开挖手孔等排灰

方法。经过各种排灰努力，若

48 小时之内，灰斗内的积灰

仍不能清到大口以下，电场还

在跳闸状态，则必须强制停机

停炉，确保设备可靠安全，否

则可能会产生严重的后果。

After the field trips, it

should discharge the dust

in 3 hours, and make the

dust be lower than the

upper opening of hopper,

keep the field can work

normally again. If the dust

can not be cleaned in 8

hours, forcible

measurements must be made

such as cut a hole on lower

part of the hopper, open

the hand hole for clean the

dust, etc. if every great

effort has been made in 48

hours, the dust is still

not lower than the upper

opening of hopper and the

field is still in trip

situation, the boiler and

generator have to be

compulsively shut down to

make sure the safety, and

to avoid worst results.


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第 33 页共 44 页

序号

No.

故障情况

Defaults

故障原因

Possible Causes

排除措施

Remedies

1．绝缘子污染严重或由于绝

缘子加热元件失灵和保温不

良而使绝缘子表面结露，绝缘

性能下降，引起爬电。或电场

内烟气温度低于实际露点温

度，导致绝缘子结露引起爬

电。

Insulator is seriously

contaminated or its

heating elements are out of

order and poorly

insulated, resulting in

condensation on the

insulator surface, hence

decreasing the surface

creepage or flue gas

temperature in field is

lower than that of dew

point, this leads to the

same consequences as

above.

更换修复加热元件或保温设

施，擦干净绝缘子表面。烟温

低于实际露点温度，设备不能

投入运行。

Repair or replace the

heating elements or

insulation equipment.

Clean the surface of the

insulator. When flue gas

temperature is lower than

its dew point, the

equipment can’t be put into operation.

2．阴阳极上严重积灰，使两

极之间的实际距离变近。

Heavy dust deposition on

both collecting and

discharge systems, thereby

shortening their actual

distance.

清除积灰，检查调整异极距

Remove the accumulated

dust, check and adjust it.

3．极距安装偏差大。

The erection error of

voltage distance is too

big.

检查调整异极距

Check and adjust it.

3

二次电流正常或偏

大，电压升不高或电

压升高就产生严重

闪络而跳闸。

The secondary

current is normal

or a little bigger,

the second voltage

can’t rise up or

the flashover will

cause tripping of

voltage rise up

4．壳体焊接不良、人孔门密

封差，导致冷空气冲击、阴阳

极元件致使结露变形，异极距

变小。

Poor welding in casing or

access doors are not sealed

well, result in cold air

rushing in and to deform

the internals and to

decrease voltage distance.

补焊外壳漏洞，紧闭人孔门。

Make remedial welding in

the leakage of casing and

shut the access doors

tight.


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第 34 页共 44 页

序号

No.

故障情况

Defaults

故障原因

Possible Causes

排除措施

Remedies

5．不均匀气流冲击加上振打

的冲击引起极板极线晃动，产

生低电压下严重闪络。

Uneven airflow and rapping

impulsion shall create

shake of collecting plate

and electrode line, the

serious flashover shall be

happened under the LT

performance.

调整气流分布均匀性,检查

阴、阳极定位装置。

Adjust airflow

distributing uniformly,

inspect collecting

&emitting positioning

fixture.

6．灰斗灰满，接近或碰到阴

极部分，造成两极间绝缘性能

下降。

Full of dust in hoppers and

dust approach or contact

discharge system,

resulting in reduction of

insulation property

between opposite

electrodes.

疏通排、输灰系统，清理积灰，

检查灰斗加热元件，不使灰斗

堵灰。

Make the ash discharge and

transmission systems work

properly, clean the dust

blockage in hopper, check

heating elements of

hopper, and keep the dust

never be clogged in hopper.

7．高压整流装置输出电压较

低。

Lower output voltage from

T/R.

检修高压整流装置

Check HV T/R

3

二次电流正常或偏

大，电压升不高或电

压升高就产生严重

闪络而跳闸。

The secondary

current is normal

or a little bigger,

the second voltage

can’t rise up or

the flashover will

cause tripping of

voltage rise up

8．在回路中其它部分电压降

低较大（如接地不良）。

Larger voltage drop in

other parts of the loop

(such as with poor

earthing).

检修系统回路

Check the system loop.

4

二次电流不规则变

动

Irregular changes

of secondary

current

1．电极积灰，某个部位极距

变小产生火花放电。

Dust deposits on

electrodes and sparkover

occurs where the voltage

distance is smaller.

清除积灰

Remove the accumulated

dust

5

二次电流周期性变

动

Periodical changes

of secondary

current.

1．电晕线折断后，残余部分

晃动。

The remaining part swings

after a string of discharge

electrode is broken

换去断线

Replace the broken wires.


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第 35 页共 44 页

序号

No.

故障情况

Defaults

故障原因

Possible Causes

排除措施

Remedies

1．粉尘浓度过大出现电晕闭

塞。

Excessive dust loading

cause corona blockage.

改进工艺流程，降低烟气的粉

尘含量。

Improve the technological

process to reduce dust

loading in flue gas.

2．阴阳极积灰严重。

Severe dust deposits on

collecting and discharge

systems;

加强振打，清除积灰使

Intensify rapping and

remove deposited dust.

3．接地电阻过高，高压回路

不良。

Higher ground resistance

and poor high voltage loop.

使地电阻达到规定要求。

Reduce the ground

resistance to the

specified value.

4．高压回路电流表测量回路

断路。

Broken circuit in the

measuring loop of ampere

meter in HV loop.

修复断路

Rectify the broken

circuit.

5．高压输出与电场接触不良。

Poor contact between HV

outlet and electric field.

检修接触部位，使其接触良

好。

Check the connections and

make them in full contact.

6

有二次电压而无二

次电流或电流值反

常地小

There is secondary

voltage but no or

extremely little

secondary current.

6．毫安表指针卡住。

Pointer of milli-ampere

meter gets stuck.

修复毫安表。

Repair the meter.

1．人孔漏风，湿空气进入，

锅炉泄漏水份，绝缘子脏。

Wet air leaks in through

access door, damp gas from

leaking boiler or dirty

insulators.

针对性措施

Take corresponding

corrective measures.

2．变压器内部二次侧接触不

良事整流桥二极管开路

Poor contact of secondary

side in T/R or the diode of

rectifier bridge is

open-circuit.

找出原因修理或更换

Find out the reason then

repair or change.

3．气流分布不均匀

Uneven gas distribution.

更换气流分布析

Change the gas flow screen.

7 火花过多

Excessive spark.

4．异极距变小

Passage distance becomes

smaller.

调整异极距

Adjust the passage

distance.


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第 36 页共 44 页

序号

No.

故障情况

Defaults

故障原因

Possible Causes

排除措施

Remedies

5．灰斗法满灰，或电场内存

在积灰死角，落灰不畅。

The hopper is full of dust

or there is dead angle of

dust depositing in field,

that result in bad dust

discharging.

清除积灰

Clean the depositing dust.

7 火花过多

Excessive spark

6．阻尼电阻断裂放电

The damping resistance

breaks and discharges.

更换阻尼电阻

Change the damping

resistance.

1．异极间距超差过大。

The error of voltage

distance is too big.

调整异极距

Adjust it,

2．气流分布不均匀，分布板

堵灰。

Uneven gas distribution,

gas screens blocked by

dust.

清除堵灰或更换分布板

Remove the dust or replace

the gas screens.

3．漏风率大工况改变，使烟

气流速增加，温度下降，从而

使尘粒荷电性能变弱。

Excessive air leakage

causes change in operation

condition: increase of gas

velocity, decrease of

temperature, weak charging

possibility do dust

particles, etc.

补焊堵塞漏风处

Make remedial welding

where there is air leakage.

8

一、二次电流电压均

正常，除尘效率不高

The primary and

secondary current

& voltage are all

normal, but

collection

efficiency is

lower.

4．尘粒比电阻过高，甚至产

生反电晕使驱极性下降，且沉

积在电极上的灰尘泄放电荷

很慢，粘附力很大使振打难以

脱落。

Much higher specific

resistance of dust

particle, back-corona may

exist, slow charge

neutralization in dust

layers on electrodes and

rapping is unable to

dislodge them due to

significant adherence.

烟气调质，调整工作点

Condition the gas quality.


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第 37 页共 44 页

序号

No.

故障情况

Defaults

故障原因

Possible Causes

排除措施

Remedies

5．控制参数设置不合理

The control parameter is

not set in reason.

调整参数

Repair or replace the power

supply.

6．进入电除尘器的烟气条件

不符合本设备原始设计条件，

工况改变。

Conditions of gas entering

the ESP do not accord with

the original ones,

resulting in changes of

operation conditions.

根据修正曲线按实际工况考

核效率。

Collection efficiency

should be calculated by

using correction curves

under the actual working

conditions.

7．设备有机械方面的故障，

如振打功能不好等。

Mechanical problem such as

abnormal rapper.

检修振打，使其转动灵活或更

换加大锤重

Repair as needed, if

rapping is not sufficient,

make it rotate freely or

instead of heavier

hammers.

8

一、二次电流电压均

正常，除尘效率不高

The primary and

secondary current

& voltage are all

normal, but

collection

efficiency is

lower.

8．灰斗阻流板脱落，气流旁

路。

Gas flow by-passes due to

fallen gas baffles in

hoppers.

检查阻流板并作处理

Check gas baffles and solve

the problem.

1．有掉锤、掉极线故障。

Dropping hammer &

electrode failure.

停机清理，检查电场内部振打

锤、阴极线

Stop operation and

cleaning, inspect rapping

hammer and emitting

electrode in field.

2．机内有杂物，焦块掉入排

灰装置。

Foreign substance in

discharge mechanism and

blocks of coke fall into

ash discharge device.

清理杂物

Cleaning of sundries

9

排灰装置卡死或保

险跳闸

Stuck ash

discharge device,

or tripped safety

device.

3．若是拉链机则可能发生断

链故障。

Broken chain, in case a

drag chain conveyor is

used.

停机修理

Shut down the equipment to

repair.


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第 38 页共 44 页

10.5 电气方面常见故障及处理 The hackneyed breakdown and processing of the

electricity

(详见电气产品制造厂说明书) 序号

No.

故障情况

Defaults

故障原因

Possible Causes

排除措施

Remedies

1.可控硅击穿

The SCR is breakdown.

2．一次电源供电故障。

Primary power supply break

down.

3．可控硅触发线错位或插脚

短路

The touching off line of

SCR disturbs or pinouts is

short circuit.

4．整流变一次侧接地或短路，

或二次侧取样回路前短路或

负高压接，或电流、电压取样

回路短路。

The primary side of T/R is

earthed or short circuit,

the sampling loop of

secondary side of T/R or

the minus HV is earthed. Or

the sampling loop of

circuit and voltage is

short circuit.

1

控制失灵，报警跳闸

Control is out of

order, and the

alarm trip.

5．控制系统自身故障

Control the system oneself

break down

找出原因，修理或更换

Find out the reason then

repair or change.

1．可控硅击穿

Breakdown of SCR.

更换零件

Replace the parts.

2．反馈量消失。取样电阻排

损坏

Disappeared feedback and

sample resistance damaged.

检查有关元件和回路

Check related elements and

loops. 2

硅整流装置输出失

控

T/R output is out

of control. 3．参数设置错误

The setting of parameter is

wrong

调整参数

Adjust the parameter.

3

控制回路及主回路

操作不起来

Control and main

loops do not

function.

1．安全联锁未到位闭合

Safety interlocking is not

in place.

检查人孔门及开关柜门是否

关闭到位

Check the access doors and

cubicle doors of for their

exact closure.


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第 39 页共 44 页

序号

No.

故障情况

Defaults

故障原因

Possible Causes

排除措施

Remedies

2．高压隔离开关联锁未到位

Interlocking for HV

isolating switch are not in

the exact position;

检查高压隔离开关到位情况

Check the HV disconnecting

for their exact closure.

3．合闸线圈及回路断线

Broken closing winding and

loop;

更换线圈，检查接线

Check the line and replace

the winding

3

控制回路及主回路

操作不起来

Control and main

loops do not

function. 4．辅助开关接触不良

Poor contact of auxiliary

switch

检修开关

Repair the switch.

1．回路元件接触不良

Poor contact of loop

elements

检查各元件及回路接线

Check the line and loop

elements

2．灯泡损坏

Burnt bulbs

更换灯泡

Replace the bulbs.

4

送电操作时，控制盘

面无灯光信号指示

No indication from

lamps on panel when

energized. 3．熔断器熔断

Burnt fuse.

更换熔断器

Replace the fuse.

1．仪表内部有毛病

Faults inside the meters

修理、校验仪表

Check and calibrate the

meters.

2．无触发输出脉冲

No outlet impulses

用于波器查输出脉宽及个数

Use an oscilloscope to

determine the amplitude

and number of outlet

impulses.

3．快速熔断器熔断

Broken quick-break fuse

更换

Replace.

4．可控硅元件开路

Open circuit in thyristor

elements

更换

Replace.

5．交直流取样回路断线

Broken sampling loops for

AC & DC.

检查二次接线

Check the secondary wiring

and contact points of

switches.

5

调压时表盘仪表均

无指示

No indication of

meters on panel

during voltage

adjustment.

6．交流电压表测量切换开关

接触不良

Poor contact of

change-over switch for

measurement in AC

voltmeter.

检查开关触点

Check the touch point of

switch.


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第 40 页共 44 页

序号

No.

故障情况

Defaults

故障原因

Possible Causes

排除措施

Remedies

1．外来干扰

Foreign interference.

对屏蔽接地检查

Check the shield earthing

status.

6

闪络指示有信号，而

控制屏其它仪表不

相应连动

There is signal on

flashover

indicator but no

corresponding

actions on other

meters of the

panel.

2．闪络封锁信号转换环节及

元件损坏

Signal transform in

blocked by flashover and

failed elements.

加旁路措施，更换

新件

Add a by-pass and replace

elements.

1．闪络时第一次封锁脉冲宽

度过大

Excessive width of the

first blocking pulse upon

the flashover.

改变参数调整脉宽

Change the parameters to

adjust the pulse width.

7

闪络一次后二次电

压不再自动上升而

报警

Secondary voltage

won’t rise

automatically upon

a flashover, but

initiates an

alarm.

2．电压上升率+△v/△t 给定

值过低

The given value of rate of

voltage rise +△v/△t is

too low.

增大给定电压

Enlarge the given level.

1.电流取样回路开路

Open circuit in current

sampling loop.

检查二次接线

Check the secondary

wiring.

8

带负荷升压，电压指

示正常，电流指示为

零

During on-load

voltage step-up,

there is normal

voltage but zero

current.

2.电流表内部断线

Internal line breaks in the

ammeter.

测量电压值

Measure the sampling

voltage.

1.整流变二次线圈及硅堆开

路及虚焊点

Open circuit and false

soldering point in T/R

secondary winding and

silicon stack.

吊芯检查整流变，并将故障排

除

Lift the T/R core for

checks and eliminate the

defaults.

9

升压时一次电压调

压正常，二次电压时

有时无，并伴有放电

声。

During voltage

step-up, primary

voltage adjustment

is normal, but

secondary voltage

exists and

disappears

alternatively and

is accompanied by

noise of discharge.

2.高压引线对壳体安全距离

不够。

Insufficient safety

distance from HV inlet to

ESP casing.

检查并装好高压引线

Check and relocate the HV

inlet.


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第 41 页共 44 页

序号

No.

故障情况

Defaults

故障原因

Possible Causes

排除措施

Remedies

9

3.直流采样分压回路有开路

现象。

Open circuit in DC sampling

voltage dividing loop.

吊芯检查整流变并修复

Lift the T/R core for

checks and repair.

10

油压报警跳闸，整流

变排出臭氧味

Ripping of alarm

for oil pressure;

odour of ozone from

T/R

整流变二次线圈或整流硅堆

击穿短路

Breakdown and short

circuit of T/R secondary

winding or silicon stack.

吊芯检查整流变，损坏部位更

换新品

Lift the T/R core and

replace the damaged parts.

11

油位信号动作跳闸

报警

Tripping and

alarming of

signal, from oil

level

整流变油布低于油位低限线

T/R oil level below the oil

lower limit.

查明原因，排除故障，同时给

整流变补充油至适当油位。

Make troubleshooting and

add oil to suitable level.

12

操作时油压报警跳

闸

Tripping of alarm

for oil pressure.

瓦斯继电器内有气体

Flue gas within gas relay.

打开排气阀排尽气体

Open the discharge valve to

get rid of the gas.

10.6 螺旋线和绝缘瓷套的更换 Replacement of spiral wires and support insulators.

10.6.1 放电极螺旋线的更换 Replacement of spiral discharge electrodes

放电极螺旋线是电除尘器的心脏部件，在一套电除尘器中有上万根螺旋线。它把电能

释放于烟气中，同时又长期处于一种恶劣的工作环境中，在高电压运行过程中可能发生电

场闪络和拉弧，每次闪络和拉弧，对螺旋线来说就是一次电火花腐蚀。同时，在振打时螺

旋线就像提琴弦一样不断振动，因此螺旋线在长期运行后也有疲劳而发生断裂的可能(断

线率极低)。如果有一根阴极线断裂就会落下造成短路，导致一个供电分区停运。

Discharge electrodes are the heart part of an ESP with tens of thousands of

spiral wires. They set off electric energy to the gas and function in an adverse

environment. Under high voltage conditions there would occur flashover and arc,

each of which is a kind of electro-corrosion to the discharge wires. For spiral

wires, when they are rapped, they will constantly vibrate like strings on a musical

instrument, therefore, after long-run service, the spiral wires may break due to

fatigue (but the rate of breakage is greatly low). If a spiral wire breaks, it

will lean against one of the adjacent collecting plates and short-circuit will

happen, resulting in the shutdown of the related bus section. In such a case, the

broken wires must be replaced.

调换螺旋线时，应注意第 10.2.1 条中的五点，同时应按如下步骤进行：

During the replacement of spiral wires, in addition to the five points of


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第 42 页共 44 页

attention as described in 10.2.1 above, follow the steps below:

1). 将螺旋线的上端钩子挂入吊环中。

Put the upper end hook of the spiral wire into the hanger ring;

2). 用安装专用工具(极线挂钩)钩住螺旋线的另一端，慢慢往下拉，让它自由转动，

拉至约小于实际悬挂长度 200mm-300mm 停住，再用手把螺旋线下端钩子勾入框架上的吊环

中。并要注意以下三点：

Connect the other end hook of the spiral wire with special stretching tool

(lifting hook of discharge electrode) and pull down gently by holding the rope

on the tool. By doing so, be sure to make the spiral wire turn freely. When the

wire is stretched to a point of 200mm to 300mm away from the lower hanger ring,

manage to put the hook into the ring by hand. Special car should be taken to the

following:

a.如果螺旋线拉过实际悬挂长度，这根螺旋线只能作报废处理，绝不能用挤压方式使

其恢复原状而重新使用。

If a spiral wire stretched beyond its length as hung, it would be discarded.

It is never allowed to squeeze or compress an overstretched one to its

original state for reuse;

b.不能用于直接拉伸螺旋线，因这样做会使螺旋线积聚内应力而引起螺旋线断裂。

Do not pull the wire directly by hand, as this will cause uneven stretching

of the wire, resulting in easy breakage;

c.螺旋线应当挂在框架上、下两个相对应的吊环上。

The spiral wire must be hung between the two corresponding hanger rings of

a support frame.

10.6.2 绝缘瓷套破损后的更换方法(见下图)：

Replacement of broken support insulator (refer to the following figure)


在绝缘子顶部水平放置一根梁作基准 Lay a horizontal beam on the top of the insulation compartment for basis

尺寸记录Record this dimension

C

尺寸记录Record this dimension B

瓷套 Support insulator

阴极吊杆Emitting lift bar

支承垫圈Support washer

A 尺寸记录 Record this dimension

绝缘子室壁Wall of the insulation compartment

用一根直尺测出吊杆至绝缘子室顶盖及内壁之间的距离 A、B、C、并记录下来（或

写在绝缘子室的壁上）。

Use a straight ruler to measure the distances (A.B.C) from the tie rod to

the top cover of compartment and the internal walls and have them recorded (or

written on walls of the insulator compartment);

10.6.2.1 拆卸 Dismounting

a.拆去绝缘子室的顶盖板；

Remove the top cover of the insulator compartment;

b.放入提升工具穿过衬套将它钩住阴极框架上部支撑梁支架；

Inset the lifting tool through the bushing and hook onto the upper support

beam of the discharge frame;

c.利用提升工具上螺母提起阴极框架，松开绝缘瓷套，卸下吊杆螺母拆除上部支承垫

圈，然后再拆除绝缘瓷套。

Turn the nut on the lofting tool to raise the discharge frame to loosen

support insulator. Unscrew the nut on the tie rod, remove the top supporting

washer and dismount the broken insulator.

10.6.2.2 安装 Mounting

a.检查清扫上下部支承垫圈的表面；

Check and clean the top and bottom washers of the insulator;

b.检查绝缘瓷套上部长底部的密封垫材料是否完好，位置是否正确；

Check to see if the packing material at the top and bottom of insulator

support is in good order and in place.

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第 43 页共 44 页


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第 44 页共 44 页

c.与拆卸步骤相反地安装支承绝缘瓷套；

Mount the new insulator in the reverse order of dismounting;

d.再检查吊杆位置变动情况，将吊杆调至像拆卸前那样的高度和方位上。

Check the location of the tie rod again, make sure that it is in the exact

position as it was before the replacement of insulator.

11. 专用工具 special tool

11.1 对于一般 FLAKET 型电除尘器应提供专用工具：阴极框架提升工具。

For FLAKET type ESP, the special tools should be provided: hoisting facilities

for emitting frame.

11.2 对于采用螺旋线和虎克螺栓的电除尘器还应提供下列专用工具：

Following special tools should be prepared for ESP composing spiral wire &

huck nut

a.紧固虎克螺栓的液压工具(所有权属制造厂)；

Hydraulic facilities for fixing huck nut (the property belongs to

manufactory)

b.螺旋线挂钩工具；

Hook tools for spiral wire.

12. 翻译说明 TRANSLATOR’S NOTE:

英文版使用手册只是对原中文版手册的翻译,如译文中有不明确的地方应以中文版

手册为准.

The English Edition manual is only translation of the original in Chinese.

Should there be anything unclear herein. The Chinese version must govern.

工程服务处

2006-10-25

本说明书中难免有错误或不合理的之处,希望各位阅读者能及时指出,以便完善本说明书.

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