European Integration Process in the New Regional and Global Settings (Eng)/ Proceso de Integración Europeo en la nueva configuración regional y global (Ing)/ Europar integrazio prozesu

7/31/2019 European Integration Process in the New Regional and Global Settings (Eng)/ Proceso de Integracin Europeo en l

1/421

Cszlucna

Hatcgznthla Uzlfcvv

ha tbc Acw Zcghlanknad Gkljnk Vctthagv


2/421


3/421

Cszlucna

Hatcgznthla Uzlfcvv

ha tbc Acw Zcghlank

nad Gkljnk Vctthagv

Cdhtcd jx?

Cwn Kntlvci+ Hzcan C! Iltlwvin

Nklox _! Alwni+ Nadzco Vtuahni

Wnzvnw :5>:


4/421


5/421

Nfialwkcdgc`catv

Uzcunznthla nad usjkhfnthla lm tbhv jlli wnv ulvvhjkc

tbnaiv tl anafhnk vsuulzt mzl` tbc havthtsthlav

uzl`lthag zcvcnzfb nad vfhcathf fllucznthla!

Wc bn}c ljtnhacd tbc nvvhvtnafc nad anafhnk vsuulzt mzl`?

tbc Cszlucna Sahla? Tbc zcvcnzfb kcndhag tl tbcvc zcvsktvbnv zcfch}cd msadhag mzl` tbc YCszlucna SahlavP Vc}catbMzn`cwlzi Uzlgzn``c "YMU7,:557:5>>P( sadcz gznatngzcc`cat Al! :774=>

tbc @hahvtzx lm Vfhcafc nad Bhgbcz Cdsfnthla

tbc Anthlank Jnai lm Ulknad

Sah}czvhtx lm Wnzvnw+ Mnfsktx lm @nangc`cat

Wnzvnw Vfbllk lm Cflal`hfv

tbc Anthlank Jnai lm Ulknad Mlsadnthla


6/421


7/421

Flatcatv

Uzcnfc 8

Unzt H!lwnzdv Jcttcz Hatcgznthla l Cszluc nihag Mskk Ultcathnk l Cszlucv Hatckkcftsnk Fnuhtnk

Kch Cd}havvla+ Sah}czvnk Actwlzihag+ Hatckkcftsnk Fnuhtnk >8

@hfbn Jlah+ Kc}czv l Ulknadv Dc}cklu`cat :8

@nfhco Jnanfb+ Tc Icx Zlkc l Hatckkcftsnk Fnuhtnk ha tbc Uzlfcvv

l @ldczahnthla

63

Gznxan Bcafkcwvin+ Blw tl Cabnafc Gzlwtb ha tbc Flatcrt l tbc Cszluc Vtzntcgx 68

Dl`hahi Vljfni+ Cszlucna Sahla Mzn`cwlzi Uzlgzn``cv lz Zcvcnzfbnad C}lksthla l Msadhag lz Vlfhnk Vfhcafcv nad Bs`nahthcv 46

Unzt HH! Vtnjhkhtx Uzljkc` l tbc Mhanafhnk Vxvtc`nmcz tbc Gkljnk Mhanafhnk Fzhvhv

@nzci Jckin+ Tc Cszllac Uczvucfth}cv! Tc Uzlvucftv lz Ulknad

tl Olha tbc C@S =7Kvk Fvnjn+ Uczvucfth}cv lz tbc Cszllac? Flavlkhdnthla+ Flkknuvclz @sddkhag Tzlsgb

Nklox _! Alwni+ Cad l Cszllac58

Dnzhsv I! Zlvnth+ Usjkhf Mhanafc Flavlkhdnthla lz Klag-tcz` Gzlwtbha tbc Cszlucna Sahla >:3

Cwn Kntlvci+ znocftlzhcv l Flavlkhdnthla l Usjkhf Mhanafcv ha Ulknaddszhag tbc Fzhvhv >38


8/421

2 Flatcatv

Nrck Gczkl+ Mhvfnk Vtnjhkhtx ha tbc Cszllac >=8

Naan ]hv}hh+Tc Fzhvhv ha Gzccfc - tbc CS Cflal`hf Gl}czanafc?

Kcvvlav - Ljvcz}nthlav >26Vtnahvnw Iksn+Acw Zcgskntlzx Nzfbhtcftszc tlwnzdv Vnctxnad Vtnjkc Gzlwtb :53

Unzt HHH! Zcghlank Dc}cklu`cat ha Cszlucna Sahla Ulkhfx

Dnastn Bjacz+ Zcghlav ha tbc Acw Mhanafhnk Uczvucfth}c :5>4:5:5 ::3

Whkkc` @lkkc+Flùcthth}cacvv+ C@S nad Flbcvhla!Fladhthlav lz na Cmcfth}c ulvt Fzhvhv CS Ulkhfx :66

Dl`hah~sc Mlznx+V`nzt Vucfhnkhvnthla? zl` Nfndc`hf Hdcntl Ulkhthfnk Havtzs`cat+ tbc Vszuzhvhag Dcvthax l n Flafcutnad tbc Dh fskthcv Ha}lk}cd ha htv Hùkc`catnthla :=8

Nadzco Vtuahni+ Nkcivnadzn Jlzlwhf+Ul`lzvihc Uzl}hafcha tbc Acw Gkljnk Vctthagv :23

Uzc`xvnw Dsjck+Zcghlank Ulkhfx ha Zcdsfhag Zcghlank Dhvunzhthcv :87

Naan @nvl-Lznf+CS :5:5 zl` tbc V`nkk nad @cdhs`Catczuzhvcv Uczvucfth}c 653

Naan @nzhn Ahildc`vin-Wllwhi+ Uhltz _hcatnzn+Mn`hkx

Catczuzhvcv ha tbc Cszlucna Sahla! N Fnvc lz Zcghlank Vsuulzt 6>3

@nfhco Izc`hvih+ CS Vtzsftsznk Ulkhfx lz :5>4:5:5!Luulztsahthcv nad Fbnkkcagcv 6:7

Unzt H]! Vlfhnk Zcmlz`v mlz tbc Vsvtnhanjkc nad Hafksvh}c Gzlwtb

Hzcan C! Iltlwvin+Ulusknthla Fbnagcnv n @nha Dzh}cz l Ucavhla Zclz`v ha tbc CS 668

@nzci Gzn+Ucavhla Zclz`v ha tbc CS @nha Dhkc``nv nad Uzlvucftv 63>

Cdwnzd Unk`cz+ Ucavhlav ha na Ngchag Vlfhctx! h`c lz ADFZljczt @! Khadkcx+ Crtcadhag Wlzihag Khc?Cùklxcz Jcbn}hlsz nad Vlfhnk Ulkhfx 673

Unzt ]! Tc Cszlucna Vcfszhtx+ Caczgx Ulkhfx Nvucftv

Jzhttn Tl`vca+ Zcacwnjkc Caczgx nad tbc Caczgx C fhcafx Dhzcfth}c 628

Izxvtl @nzxk+ Ulkhthfnk Fllzdhanthla ha Flavtzsfthag tbc CSHatczank Caczgx @nzict 683

Jnztl`hco Alwni+lwnzdv Caczgx Vlkhdnzhtx ha tbc zcntx l Khvjla

453

Vs``nzx 4>3


9/421

Uzcmnfc

@nha fbnkkcagcv nfcd jx tbc Cszlucna Sahla tl flùctc vsffcvvskkx ha tbc gkljnk

`nzict zccz tl tbc uzlgzcvv accdcd ha haal}nthla nad uzldsfth}htx! nihag hatl

nfflsat ulusknthla ngchag+ vbzhaihag l Cszlucna knjlsz lzfc+ nad hafzcnvhag

`hgznthla la tbc lac bnad+ nad hafzcnvhag uzcvvszcv lz vlfhnk ulkhfx zclz`v nad

vtnjhkhnthla l usjkhf manafcv la tbc ltbcz+ tbc Cszlucna Sahla accdv tl ljhkhc

nkk zcvlszfcv+ ha unzthfsknz htv hatckkcftsnk fnuhtnk+ tl iccu htv flùcthth}cacvv!

Tc wlzkd cflal`hf nad manafhnk fzhvhv+ nad ha unzthfsknz zcfcat cflal`hf

uzljkc`v cruczhcafcd jx tbc Cszllac flsatzhcv+ nad flavc~scatkx jx ltbcz CS`c`jcz vtntcv+ vblwcd }hvhjkx blw dh fskt hv tl flathasc tbc fl``la ulkhfhcv!

Tcvc dh fskthcv wczc dccucacd jx ltbcz tbzcntv cruczhcafcd nt anthlank kc}ckv!

Cflal`hcv l tbc Cszlucna Sahla bn}c tl dcnk whtb vl`c vsjvtnathnk

flavc~scafcv l tbc fzhvhv? n gzlwtb vklwdlwa+ na sacùklx`cat la tbc zhvc+

n bhgb dcmfht nad n bhgb dcjt! Tczc nzc nkvl dlwavhdc zhviv tl tbc zcfl}czx! Tczclzc

Cszluc `svt fbnagc! Tczc hv vthkk `sfb tl dl ha flùkcthag tbc Vhagkc @nzict!

Nad Cszluc fna dl `lzc tl zcnfb lst l tbc Wlzkd! H wc luca su tl tbc acw `nzictv+

nfth}ckx nffcvv acw vlszfcv l wcnktb nad zcdsfc tzndc jnzzhczv jctwcca tbc CSnad ltbcz dxan`hf `nzictv+ tbc uzhc wlskd jc bsgc? Cszluc flskd gnha 3!: `hkkhla

oljv+ `lzc tbna tbc as`jcz wc bn}c klvt dsc tl tbc zcfcvvhla! Wc accd tl `nic

ht cnvhcz lz flùnahcv tl vtnzt su+ gzlw nad uzlvucz nv wckk nv tl dc}cklu acw

tcfbalklghcv nad jshkd acw hadsvtzhcv tl `cct tbc fbnkkcagcv l tbc acrt dcfndc!

Tc tznavlz`nthla dc`nadcd whkk alt bnuuca whtb n khttkc thaiczhag bczc lz tbczc

wc svt l}c lsz flathacatv cflal x lzwnzd! Ha ltbcz wlzdv+ nv tbc Cszluc :5:5

Vtzntcgx ulhatv lst fkcnzkx tbc CS accdv tl jcfl`c n v`nzt+ vsvtnhanjkc nad hafksvh}c

cflal`x! Tc fbnkkcagc alw hv tl `nic ht bnuuca!Tc cflal`hf flatcrt l tbc fszzcat vhtsnthla fnkkv lz n zcacwcd clzt tl hafzcnvc

tbc flùcthth}cacvv l tbc CS tbzlsgb nihag tbc hatckkcftsnk fnuhtnk lzc ccfth}c!


10/421

>5 Cwn Kntlvci+ Hzcan C! Iltlwvin

Tc zhgbt ulhat l dcunztszc hv tl fbnkkcagc tbc fla}cathlank whvdl`! Wc bn}c

nkzcndx kcnzacd tbnt vtnadnzd zcfhucv tl l}czfl`c tbc fzhvhv nzc alt calsgb nad flskd

jc vhùkx handc~sntc!Tc uzcvcat th`c zc~shzcv `nihag n bnzd fblhfc tbnt fna gct tbc CS cflal`x

`l}hag+ gct uclukc jnfi ha wlzi nad uzl}hdc n uczvucfth}c lz tblvc ha accd l bcku!

Jst tbc flvt hv bsgc! Nad tbczclzc wc nkk bn}c n vbnzcd zcvulavhjhkhtx tl uzl}hdc

tbc vlksthlav! Tc usjkhfnthla la tbc hatcgznthla uzlfcvv ha tbc Cszlucna Sahla

sadcz laglhag fbnagcv ha zcghlank nad gkljnk vctthagv glcv ha khac whtb tbc Cszluc

:5:5 Vtzntcgx>+ wbhfb cùbnvhcv vtzlagkx n accd tl zchalzfc tbc ulkhfx fllzdhanthla!

Tc jlli hv `nhakx na ncz`ntb l tbc hatczanthlank flaczcafc Cszlucna

hatcgznthla uzlfcvv ha tbc acw zcghlank nad gkljnk vctthagv wbhfb tlli uknfcla tbc Lftljcz >8:5+ :5>> ha Wnzvnw nv lac l tbc ngvbhu flaczcafcv sadcz tbc

Ulkhvb Uzcvhdcafx ha tbc CS!

Thv usjkhfnthla lfsvcv la vckcftcd hvvscv uzcvcatcd nad dcjntcd dszhag

tbc flaczcafc! Tc flaczcafc `ndc htvck n ukntlz`+ wbczc zcvcnzfbczv+ ulkhthfhnav

nad zcuzcvcatnth}cv l ltbcz vcftlzv l cflal`x zl` flsatzhcv nfzlvv Cszluc vbnzcd

tbchz cruczthvc nad dh}czvc ulhatv l }hcw la tbc CS hatcgznthla hvvscv! Tc luhahlav

dckh}czcd+ ~scvthlav nad zc`nziv wczc ha}nksnjkc tl fzcntc tbhv flavhdcznjkc }lks`c

zcuzcvcathag dhczcathntcd fnunfhtx l hatcgznthla uczvucfth}cv!Alwndnxv+ ht hv ljvcz}cd tbnt `lvt l tbc @c`jcz Vtntcv nzc vtzlagkx njvlzjcd

jx anthlank kc}ck hvvscv khic cflal`hf vklwdlwa+ sacùklx`cat+ hanthla+ zcghlank

dh}czgcafc+ hafzcnvhag vtntc jsdgct dcmfhtv+ ctf! Thv hv wbx tbhv th`c tbc CS hv nfhag

nddhthlank dh fskthcv tl `nangc n fl``la nuuzlnfb ha hùkc`cathag zckc}nat

ulkhfhcv nad gctthag jltb sadczvtnadhag nad nuuzl}nk lz tbc`! Tc Cszluc :5:5

Vtzntcgx+ ndlutcd jx tbc Cszlucna Flsafhk ha Osac :5>5:+ nicv ht fkcnz blw hùlztnat

tbc Cszlucna hatcgznthla uzlfcvv hv lz tbc v`nzt+ vsvtnhanjkc nad hafksvh}c gzlwtb

sadcz tbc acw gkljnk nad zcghlank vctthagv+ vtzlagkx hascafcd jx tbc zcfcat wlzkdcflal`hf nad manafhnk fzhvhv! Hatcavh}c cflal`hf hatczdcucadcafhcv zc~shzc `lzc

flùkcr+ fllzdhantcd nad flbczcat zcnfthlav jx tbc @c`jcz Vtntcv ha lzdcz tl zctsza

tl tbc vsvtnhanjkc gzlwtb untb!

N flbczcat zn`cwlzi lz tbc v`nzt+ vsvtnhanjkc nad hafksvh}c gzlwtb hv jnvcd

la cabnafcd fllzdhanthla l ulkhfhcv tl uzl`ltc cùklx`cat nad gzlwtb dzh}ca jx

ialwkcdgc nad haal}nthla nad tl jshkd n flbcvh}c vlfhctx! Htv lfsv la haal}nthla+

Fl``sahfnthla zl` tbc Fl``hvvhla? CSZLUC :5:5! N vtzntcgx lz v`nzt+vsvtnhanjkc nad hafksvh}c gzlwtb! Jzsvvckv? @nzfb 6+ :5>5+ FL@":5>5( :5:5! Flafksvhlav Osac >7+ :5>5+ CSFL >6,>5! Jzsvvckv? Osac >7+ :5>5!


11/421

>>Uzcmnfc

caczgx nad fkh`ntc+ cdsfnthla nad zcvcnzfb+ acw vihkkv nad oljv+ ul}cztx+ hac~snkhthcv

nad vtzsftsznk zclz`v gh}cv na luulztsahtx tl gct jnfi zl` tbc vtnganthla ubnvc

tl tbc gzlwtb untb!Mlz vsffcvvh}c hùkc`catnthla l tbc haal}nthla vtzntcgx+ dcfknzcd ha tbc Cszluc

:5:5 ngvbhu hahthnth}c l Haal}nthla Sahla+ n dc`nad vhdc l haal}nthla uzlfcvvcv

vblskd jc zc}nkscd+ jltb nt tbc @c`jcz Vtntcv nad nt tbc CS kc}ck! Thv zc~shzcv

n v`nzt svc l tbc vhagkc `nzict whtb htv `cfbnahv`v vsuulzthag n dc`nad vhdc!

Tc vhagkc nzict nx jcfl`c na hùlztnat haal}nthla nvvct l tbc CS+ uzl}hdcd tbnt

n `lzc jnknafcd haal}nthla `nzict c`czgcv! Mlz tbc `l`cat+ tbc vhtsnthla ha tbhv

zcvucft hv }czx sac}ca! Wbhkc tbc Cszlucna Fl``hvvhla `nx vthkk uknx na hùlztnat

zlkc ha vctthag n }hvhla nad nfhkhtnthag htv hùkc`catnthla+ tbc @c`jcz Vtntcv vblskduzh`nzhkx vsuulzt tbc dc`nad lz haal}nthla tbc`vck}cv! Thv hv fladhthlacd alt

lakx jx cùklxhag `lzc tbc dc`nad-vhdc haal}nthla ulkhfhcv nt tbc flsatzx kc}ck

jst nkvl jx `nihag tbc anthlank haal}nthla vxvtc`v `lzc flùkcr! Tc @c`jcz

Vtntcv vblskd nkvl gh}c tbchz jnfihag tl n`jhthlsv hahthnth}cv l tbc CS nh`hag

nt flavlkhdnthag tbc vhagkc `nzict tbzlsgb tbc haal}nthla ulkhfx nt tbc CS kc}ck!

Tc vsuukx-dc`nad zcknthlavbhu nx tbsv jc flavhdczcd n txuhfnk crnùkc l n vxaczgx

wbczc lac fnaalt dl whtblst tbc ltbcz nad tbc jltb nzc `stsnkkx hatcztwhacd! H wc

wnat haal}nthla tl lszhvb+ lac fnaalt osvt flafcatzntc la tbc tcfbalklghfnk hvvscvnad haal}nthla dc}cklu`catv jst bnv tl flavhdcz tbc `nzict vtzntcghcv whtbha tbc

vhagkc `nzict tll! Blwc}cz+ tbhv zc~shzcv+ n`lag ltbcz tbhagv+ v`nzt flavs`czv

"jltb usjkhf nad uzh}ntc( nv wckk nv uzluczkx safthlahag `nzictv lz acw uzldsftv

nad vcz}hfcv! Sathk zcfcatkx+ tbc dc`nad vhdc l haal}nthla uzlfcvvcv bnv jcca knzgckx

acgkcftcd! @cnawbhkc+ tbc gkljnk cflal`hf fzhvhv bnv `nzicd n acw tszahag ulhat

ha tbc wnx tbc haal}nthla nad tbc vlfhnk nad `nzict ulkhfhcv nzc nuuzlnfbcd!

Tc `nha nh` l tbc usjkhfnthla hv tbc uzl`lthla l n vtzntcghf nad hatcgzntcd

nuuzlnfb tl haal}nthla wbhfb luth`hcv vxaczghcv jctwcca nad whtbha dhczcat CSnad anthlank,zcghlank ulkhfhcv nad cavszcv gzcntcz ha}lk}c`cat l nkk vtnicblkdczv

ha tbc haal}nthla uzlfcvv nad vsuulztv tbc skk svc l Cszlucv hatckkcftsnk fnuhtnk!

Thv nuuzlnfb uzl`ltcv vtzlagkx tbc hdcn l ulkhfhcv lz haal}nthla+ wbhfb `hgbt jc

}czx bckusk ha tbc uzlfcvv l vsffcvvsk hùkc`catnthla l tbc Cszluc :5:5 Vtzntcgx!

Tc usjkhfnthla vtzlagkx cùbnvhcv tbc accd tl zchalzfc tbc ulkhfx fllzdhanthla!

Ht hv lfsvcd la tluhfv wc flavhdcz tl jc cvvcathnk lz tbc vhagkc `nzict sadcz tbcvc

acw vctthagv+ dcmacd alt lakx jx gkljnkhnthla nad tcfbalklghfnk fbnagcv jst

nkvl jx ltbcz nftlzv khic dc`lgznubhf fbnagc+ acw wlzkd ulkhthfnk nad cflal`hfhatczzcknthlav+ ca}hzla`catnk fbnagc+ vfnzfhtx l zcvlszfcv+ ulkhthfnk safcztnhatx+

ctf! Mlz cabnafhag tbc CS fnunjhkhthcv tl lkklw n untb l tbc v`nzt+ vsvtnhanjkc+


12/421

>: Cwn Kntlvci+ Hzcan C! Iltlwvin

nad hafksvh}c gzlwtb n jcttcz svc l bs`na nad antsznk zcvlszfcv "zcvlszfc ccfth}c

cflal`x(+ uzl`lthla l caczgx ulkhfhcv+ dh`hahvbhag vlfhnk nad zcghlank dhvunzhthcv

jx fl`jnthag ul}cztx nad hùzl}hag zcghlank flbcvhla l tbc CS nzc fzsfhnknad accd tl jc bhgbkhgbtcd!

Unzt H hafksdcv tbc vuccfbcv uzcvcatcd dszhag tbc flaczcafc nad nh`cd

nt vctthag tbc vfcac jx zcczzhag tl jltb haal}nthla nad hatcgznthla uzlfcvvcv

ha vtzh}hag lz n v`nzt+ vsvtnhanjkc nad hafksvh}c gzlwtb l tbc CS! Uzlcvvlz @nfhco

Jnanfb tbc Sadczvcfzctnzx l Vtntc zl` tbc @hahvtzx l Vfhcafc nad Bhgbcz

Cdsfnthla9 @hfbn Jlah+ Ub!D! @hahvtcz9 Uzlcvvlz Kch Cd}havvla na cruczt

l Ialwkcdgc Cflal`hfv zl` Ksad Sah}czvhtx nad tbc Blag Ilag Ulkxtcfbahf

Sah}czvhtx+ nad Gznxan Bcafkcwvin tbc Vcfzctnzx l Vtntc+ tbc Dcustx @hahvtcz+@hahvtzx l Cflal`hfv ulhat lst tl cabnafhag hatcgznthla uzlfcvvcv tbzlsgb tnihag

skk nd}natngc l tbc CS hatckkcftsnk fnuhtnk nv wckk nv htv `nha flùlacatv h!c!

bs`na fnuhtnk+ vlfhnk fnuhtnk+ vtzsftsznk fnuhtnk+ nad zcknthlank fnuhtnk zcknthag!

Tc hatckkcftsnk fnuhtnk nad htv zlkc wczc nkvl hafksdcd ha tbc uzhlzhthcv khvt l tbc Ulkhvb

Uzcvhdcafx l tbc Cszlucna Flsafhk l Cszlucna Sahla! Nv zcvcnzfb flatzhjstcv

vsjvtnathnkkx tl uzlgzcvv ha tbc hatckkcftsnk fnuhtnk tbc unucz jx Dl`hahi Vljfni

DG Zcvcnzfb nad Haal}nthla+ njlst zcvcnzfb ha Vlfhnk Vfhcafcv nad Bs`nahthcv

sadcz tbc 7tb

Mzn`cwlzi Uzlgzn``c flùkctcv tbnt unzt l tbc jlli!Unzt HH fl}czv `lvt hùlztnat hvvscv flaacftcd whtb tbc zclz`v l tbc manafhnk

vxvtc` ha tbc Cszlucna Sahla tl cabnafc hatcgznthla uzlfcvvcv ha tbc flatcrt l tbc

gzlwtb dc`nadcd nad ccftv l tbc manafhnk fzhvhv! Tczclzc+ tbhv unzt hv lfsvcd

alt lakx la tbc Cszllac uczvucfth}cv jst nkvl la tbc manafhnk zcgskntlzx vxvtc`v

nad tbc jnaihag vxvtc`v nv wckk nv fnuhtnk nad vcz}hfcv lwv! Vucfhnk nttcathla

hv ust tl tbc usjkhf manafc flavlkhdnthla ha tbc Cszlucna Sahla+ ha unzthfsknz

ha Ulknad! Tc fnvc vtsdx l Gzccfc hv dhvfsvvcd nv wckk! Tc njl}c nvucftv nzc

znhvcd ha tbc unuczv jx? Uzlcvvlz @nzci Jckin tbc Uzcvhdcat l tbc Anthlank Jnail Ulknad9 Uzlcvvlz Knvkl Fvnjn Fcatznk Cszlucna Sah}czvhtx "FCS(9 Uzlcvvlz

Mhaa vtzsu Sah}czvhtx l Flucabngca9 Uzlcvvlz Nklox _! Alwni Sah}czvhtx

l Wnzvnw+ Mnfsktx l @nangc`cat9 Uzlcvvlz Dnzhsv Zlvnth Havthtst l Mlzchga

zndc nad Cszlucna Vtsdhcv+ Uzlcvvlz Cwn Kntlvci Wnzvnw Vfbllk l Cflal`hfv+

nad Vtnahvnw Iksn+ Ub!D! Wnzvnw Vfbllk l Cflal`hfv9 Uzlcvvlz Nrck Gczkl

Jndca-Wsczttc`jczg Fllucznth}c Vtntc Sah}czvhtx+ nad Uzlcvvlz Naan ]hv}hh

DCZCC tbc N`czhfna Flkkcgc l Gzccfc!

Tc CS cflal`hf hatcgznthla hv nt zhvi l zsaahag nt tbc twl vuccdv! Vhafchùzl}c`cat l tbc ccfth}cacvv nad c fhcafx l tbc CS sadhag havtzs`catv

hv uczfch}cd nv lac l tbc uzhlzhthcv l ha}cvthag ha gzlwtb+ flatzhjsthlav


13/421

>6Uzcmnfc

l vtzsftsznk sadv tl tbc zcghlank dc}cklu`cat wczc }hcwcd zl` jltb tbc flbcvhla

nad flùcthth}cacvv uczvucfth}cv ha Unzt HHH! Nv ht wnv ulhatcd lst ha tbc unuczv

hafksdcd bczc+ sadcz tbc Cszluc :5:5 Vtzntcgx whtb htv nolz lfsv la flùcthth}cacvv+hdcathmcd `nhakx ha tcz`v l tbc v`nzt nad vsvtnhanjkc gzlwtb+ acw nad kcvv

dc}cklucd CS @c`jcz Vtntcv `nx alt jc njkc tl jcacmt skkx zl` tbc acw flbcvhla

ulkhfx havtzs`catv! Uzljkc`v fl}czcd bczc zccz tl fbnkkcagcv nad luulztsahthcv

zcgnzdhag tbc acw flbcvhla ulkhfx lz tbc :5>4:5:5 manafhnk uczvucfth}c l CS

nad nfcd jx dhczcat nftlzv hafksdhag flsatzhcv+ zcghlav+ v`nkk nad cdhs` catczuzhvcv!

Tc whdc }nzhctx l tbc flbcvhla ulkhfx nvucftv nzc uzcvcatcd jx? Uzlcvvlz Dnastn Bjacz

@c`jcz l Cszlucna Unzkhn`cat9 Uzlcvvlz Whkkc` @lkkc Cznv`sv Sah}czvhtx9

Dl`hah~sc Mlznx Klsvnaac Mcdcznk Ulkxtcfbahf9 Uzlcvvlz Nadzco Vtuahni Sah}czvhtx l Gdnvi+ Uzlcvvlz Naan @nzhn Ahildc`vin-Wllwhi Sah}czvhtx

l Gdnvi+ @nfhco Izc`hvih+ Ub!D! Sah}czvhtx l Gdnvi9 Uhltz _hcatnzn+ Ub!D!

Sah}czvhtx l Gdnvi+ nad Nkcivnadzn Jlzlwhf Sah}czvhtx l Gdnavi9

Uzc`xvnw Dsjck+ Ub!D! Sah}czvhtx l Wnzvnw+ Naan @nvlLznf Wnzvnw

Vfbllk l Cflal`hfv+ Dlftlznk Vtsdcat!

Unzt H] uzcvcatv vl`c hvvscv zcgnzdhag vlfhnk ulkhfx zclz`v+ hùlvcd jx tbc

dc`lgznubhf fbnagc! Ha tbc nuuzlnfb uzlulvcd+ tbc ulusknthla ngchag nfflùnahcd

jx tbc vbzhaihag l knjlsz lzfc nad htv ngchag nv wckk nv tbc knjlsz `nzicttznavlz`nthlav nzc flavhdczcd tl jc tbc `nha dzh}czv l zclz`v! Vhafc ucavhla

zclz`v nzc nt tbc tlu l tbnt ulkhfx dcjntc twl unuczv jx Uzlcvvlz @nzci Gzn+

Wnzvnw Vfbllk l Cflal`hfv+ nad jx Uzlcvvlz Cdwnzd Unk`cz+ Suuvnkn Sah}czvhtx+

uzcvcat twl }hcwv la `nha dhkc``nv nad uzlvucftv l ucavhla zclz`v ha tbc CS!

Tcx zccz tl tbc nkzcndx hùkc`catcd ucavhla zclz`v ha tbc CS flsatzhcv+ kcvvlav

dznwa zl` tbc cruczhcafc+ nad na hatczuknx jctwcca ucavhla zclz`v nad knjlsz

`nzict ulkhfhcv! @nha ljvtnfkcv tl bnz`lahc ucavhla ulkhfhcv ha tbc CS @c`jcz

Vtntcv nzc fl``catcd nv wckk! Lac l tbc uzcfladhthlav lz n vsffcvvsk hafzcnvcl wlzihag khcvuna hv tl ndosvt wlzi uknfcv tl tbc gzlwhag as`jcz l lkdcz wlziczv!

Sathk alw+ tbnt nvucft l ucavhla zclz`v vcc`v tl jc sadczcvth`ntcd ha tbc gcacznk

dcjntc! Uzlcvvlz Zljczt @! Khadkcx+ Wnzwhfi Sah}czvhtx+ flatzhjstcv tl tbnt dcjntc

jx uzcvcathag cùklxczv ntthtsdcv nad uznfthfcv tlwnzdv lkdcz wlziczv nad mz`v

ndnutnthla tl `nangc lkdcz knjlsz lzfc! Tc unucz jx Uzlcvvlz Hzcan C! Iltlwvin+

Wnzvnw Vfbllk l Cflal`hfv+ vblwv blw hùlztnat hv laglhag dc`lgznubhf fbnagc

ha Cszluc lz ucavhla vxvtc`v zclz`v!

Unzt ]

hafksdcv vl`c vucfhmf hvvscv l Cszlucna caczgx ulkhfx nvucftv!Tc dc}cklu`cat uzlvucftv l tbc CS nzc vtzlagkx dctcz`hacd jx tbc caczgx vcfszhtx!

Whtblst zckc}nat vlksthlav la tbhv vcfszhtx ht hv hùlvvhjkc tl fl`jnt tbc fkh`ntc


14/421

>4 Cwn Kntlvci+ Hzcan C! Iltlwvin

fbnagc! Flatzhjsthlav jx Uzlcvvlz Jzhttn Tl`vca tbc @c`jcz l Cszlucna

Unzkhn`cat9 Izxvtl @nzxk+ Ub!D! @hahvtzx l Cflal`x+ nad Jnztl`hco Alwni+

Ub!D! Il`havih Sah}czvhtx lfsv `nhakx la flatcùlznzx Cszlucna fbnkkcagcvnad stszc nfthlav tl jc tnica ha tbc CS caczgx ulkhfx!

Tc usjkhfnthla hv tbc mank zcvskt l tbc CShatcgZNHL Uzlocft l tbc 7 tb

Mzn`cwlzi Uzlgzn``c l Wnzvnw Vfbllk l Cflal`hfv nad tbc @hahvtzx l Vfhcafc

nad Bhgbcz Cdsfnthla! Ht wnv vsuulztcd jx tbc Mnfsktx l @nangc`cat+ Sah}czvhtx

l Wnzvnw+ Sah}czvhtx l Gdnavi nad tbc Anthlank Flatnft Ulhat lz Zcvcnzfb

Uzlgzn``cv l tbc Cszlucna Sahla! Lsz tcn` bnv vtnztcd tbc wlzi la tbc uzlocft

twl xcnzv ngl! Tc th`c wbhfb unvvcd vhafc tbca fla}hafcd sv la tbc hùlztnafc

l tbc vckcftcd tluhfv lz tbc stszc uzlvuczhtx l tbc CS!Wc uzlulvc vl`c zcfl``cadnthlav zcczzhag tl dhczcat tnzgctv lz`skntcd

ha tbc Cszluc :5:5 Vtzntcgx nad vsggcvt zcvcnzfb tluhfv flavhdczcd nv fzsfhnk

lz vtzcagtbcahag tbc hatcgznthla uzlfcvv l tbc CS ha htv `skthdh`cavhlank

nvucftv! Tc Cszluc :5:5 Vtzntcgx zckntcv tl tbc vlfhnk nad cflal`hf `ldck wbhfb

hv c`czghag ha tbc CS lkklwhag tbc zcfcat zcfcvvhla nad ha tbc flatcrt l tbc

fzhvhv ha Cszllac! Tczc bnv jcca n as`jcz l nttcùtv dszhag tbc zcfcat `latbv

tl vtzcagtbca `nfzlcflal`hf ulkhfx fllzdhanthla+ hafksdhag tbc Cszl Uksv Unft!

Nad ht wnv lsz hatcat tl dhvfsvv blw tbcvc clztv vblskd zchalzfc cnfb ltbcz ha tbc hatczcvtl sztbcz fla}czgcafc nad cabnafhag flùcthth}cacvv l tbc CS! Wc nkvl bluc tbnt

tbcvc tluhfv wlskd jc hafksdcd ha tbc stszc zcvcnzfb uzlgzn``cv fnzzhcd lst sadcz

tbc CS Mzn`cwlzi Uzlgzn``c!

Ha nddhthla+ tbc usjkhfnthla vblskd nkvl fzcntc n ukntlz` lz dhvfsvvhlav jctwcca

vfhcathvtv nad ulkhfx niczv+ hafksdhag gl}cza`catv zcuzcvcatnth}cv+ nv wckk nv ltbcz

hùlztnat vtnicblkdczv? ala-gl}cza`catnk lzgnahnthlav+ zcuzcvcatnth}cv l jsvhacvv

"cùklxczv nad cùklxczv nvvlfhnthlav(+ klfnk nstblzhthcv+ dhczcat vlfhnk gzlsuv

"vtsdcatv+ usuhkv nad tcnfbczv(+ ctf!Lsz wlzdv l gznthtsdc gl tl tbc Cszlucna Fl``hvvhla+ DG Zcvcnzfb

nad Haal}nthla+ tbc @hahvtzx l Vfhcafc nad Bhgbcz Cdsfnthla+ tbc Anthlank Jnai

l Ulknad nad tbc Mlsadnthla l Anthlank Jnai l Ulknad nad Wnzvnw Vfbllk

l Cflal`hfv+ wbhfb manafcd tbc CShatcgZNHL uzlocft+ nad tl nkk tbc havthtsthlav

wbhfb vsuulztcd lsz sadcztnihag whtb tbchz untzlangc! Wc gnhacd tbc untzlangc

l tbc Cszlucna Fl``hvvhla Zcuzcvcatnthla ha Ulknad+ tbc Cszlucna Unzkhn`cat+

tbc @hahvtzx l Mlzchga Nnhzv+ tbc @hahvtzx l Cflal`x+ tbc @hahvtzx l Vfhcafc

nad Bhgbcz Cdsfnthla+ tbc @hahvtzx l Zcghlank Dc}cklu`cat!Jcvhdc lsz nuuzcfhnthla l clztv l tbc flaczcafc flatzhjstlzv wbl bn}c

wzhttca tbchz nzthfkcv lz tbhv jlli+ wc wlskd khic tl nddzcvv lsz wlzdv l gznthtsdc


15/421

>3Uzcmnfc

tl tbc flaczcafc unzthfhunatv wblvc uzcvcatnthlav nad }hcwv vbnzcd dszhag tbc unack

dcjntcv cazhfbcd lsz dhvfsvvhlav+ nkvl ha tbc jlli? Naan Fzhvthan DNgghl+ Ub!D!

LCFD9 @nzhla Dcwnzc Cszlucna Fl``hvvhla9 Uzlcvvlz Ckjhctn Inwcfin--Wxzxilwvin tbc Dcustx Zcftlz l Wnzvnw Vfbllk l Cflal`hfv9 @nziis

@nziiskn Fl``httcc l tbc Zcghlav9 Rn}hcz Uzntv @laac nad @hklv @l`lt

Cszlucna Sahla9 Uzlcvvlz @nzhl @lath tbc Uzh`c @hahvtcz+ Htnkx9 Onzlvnw Uhctznv+

Ub!D! Flsafhk l tbc Cszlucna Sahla9 Unwc whcjldn+ Ub!D! Dc`lvCszlun9

Nadzco Vhc`nvil+ Ub!D! Anthlank Flatnft Ulhat lz Zcvcnzfb Uzlgzn``cv

l tbc CS+ nad Xnahv hzihdcv Fxuzsv Fcatzc lz Cszlucna nad Hatczanthlank

Nnhzv!

Nv fllzdhantlzv l tbc CShatcgZNHL Uzlocft wc wlskd khic tl tbnai nkk lszflkkcngscv zl` `nax sah}czvhthcv wbl vsuulztcd tbc uzlocft ha dhczcat wnxv?

Uzlcvvlz Knvkl Fvnjn+ Uzlcvvlz Kch Cd}havvla+ Uzlcvvlz Dl`hah~sc Mlznx+

Uzlcvvlz Nrck Gczkl+ Uzlcvvlz @nzci Gzn+ Ngahcvin Fbl-Dl`hfni+ Ub!D!+

Uzlcvvlz Zljczt @! Khadkcx+ Uzlcvvlz Whkkc` @lkkc+ Mhaa vtzsu+ Uzlcvvlz Cdwnzd

Unk`cz+ Uzlcvvlz Dnzhsv Zlvnth+ Uzlcvvlz Uhzol Vtnbkc+ Uzlcvvlz Naan ]hv}hh+ nad

Uzlcvvlz Izxvtl `hocwvih!

Wc nddzcvv vucfhnk wlzdv l gznthtsdc tl nkk lsz flkkcngscv wbl wlzicd whtb

sv }czx bnzd lz tbc knvt twl xcnzv l}cz tbc Uzlocft? Znn Zlwhvih nad Dl`hahiVljfni DG Zcvcnzfb nad Haal}nthla+ Cszlucna Fl``hvvhla9 Uzlcvvlz Nklox

_! Alwni nad Uzc`xvnw Dsjck+ Ub!D! Sah}czvhtx l Wnzvnw9 Uzlcvvlz Nadzco

Vtuahni nad Nkcivnadzn Jlzlwhf Sah}czvhtx l Gdnvi9 @nglzntn Iztih

nad Nadzco Vhc`nvil+ Ub!D! Anthlank Flatnft Ulhat9 @nzfha Inzdnv+ Ub!D!

@hahvtzx l Vfhcafc nad Bhgbcz Cdsfnthla9 Izxvtl @nzxk+ Ub!D! @hahvtzx

l Cflal`x+ nad lsz flkkcngscv ha Wnzvnw Vfbllk l Cflal`hfv? Uzlcvvlz Olnfbh`

Lvhvih+ Naan @nvl-Lznf+ nad Fcvnwn Ikhvil! Tchz hdcnv nad vhgahmfnat

ha}lk}c`cat wczc fzsfhnk lz jltb tbc flaczcafc nad lz tbhv usjkhfnthla tl fl`c lst!

Cwn Kntlvci+ tbc CShatcgZNTHL fllzdhantlz+ Wnzvnw Vfbllk lm Cflal`hfv+

Hzcan C! Iltlwvin+ tbc CShatcgZNTHL }hfc-fllzdhantlz+ Wnzvnw Vfbllk lm Cflal`hfv


16/421


17/421

Unzt H

TLWNZDV JCTTCZ HATCGZNTHLA

LM CSZLUC TNIHAG MSKK

ULTCATHNK LM CSZLUCV

HATCKKCFTSNK FNUHTNK


18/421


19/421

Kchm Cd}havvla/

Sah}czvnk Actwlzihag+Hatckkcftsnk Fnuhtnk

H wlskd khic tl vnkstc xls nad Ulknad lz tbc uhlacczhag wlzi xls nzc dlhag

la Hatckkcftsnk Fnuhtnk! Htv n }czx h`ulztnat unzt l Hatckkcftsnk fnuhtnk "HF( tbnt xls

bn}c ~snkhtx l khc nad bnuux khc! H` }czx gzntcsk nad blalszcd tl jc bczc tldnx!Xls nzc uhlacczhag HF la anthlank kc}ck ha Cszluc! Xls vtnztcd tl wlzi la tbhv vl`c

/ Kch Cd}havvla hv n icx uhlacczhag flatzhjstlz tl jltb tbc tbclzx nad uznfthfc

l Hatckkcftsnk Fnuhtnk! Nv tbc wlzkdv mzvt dhzcftlz l HF ha >88> uzlcvvlz Cd}havvla hahthntcdtbc fzcnthla l tbc wlzkdv mzvt usjkhf flzulzntc Hatckkcftsnk Fnuhtnk Naasnk Zculzt >884+ nadhavuhzcd tbc dc}cklu`cat c}cz vhafc la HF `ctzhfv! Bc wnv unznkkck tl tbnt uzltltxuhag tbcVinadhn Mstszc Fcatcz nv n Knj lz Lzgnahnthlank dcvhga+ lac l tbc }czx mzvt ha tbc Wlzkdha >88=+ nad havuhzcd `nax tl jc lkklwcd! Dszhag >88= bc wnv zcflgahcd whtb nwnzdvzl` tbc N`czhfna Uzldsfth}htx nad ^snkhtx Fcatzc+ SVN nad Jsvhacvv Hatckkhgcafc+ SI!

Ha Onasnzx >882+ Kch zcfch}cd tbc uzcvthghlsv Jznha zsvt Jznha l tbc Xcnz nwnzd+ SI+lz bhv uhlacczhag wlzi la HF! Ha >888 altcd nv @lvt Nd`hzcd Ialwkcdgc Nwnzd la IalwkcdgcKcndczvbhu! Bc wnv nkvl nwnzdcd Tc ICA Uznfththlacz l tbc Xcnz :554+ zl` Catl}nthlaHatczanthlank+ wbczc bc nkvl hv na C >55! Ha :55= nkvl khvtcd ha n jlli jx Kladla JsvhacvvUzcvv+ nv lac l Tc 35 @lvt Hascathnk Thaiczv ha tbc Wlzkd! Bc hv khvtcd ha Wblv Wblha tbc wlzkd! Nkvl nvvlfhntc `c`jcz l Tc Fksj l Zl`c! Bc hv nkvl Fllsadcz nadFbnhz`na l Tc Acw Fksj l Unzhv+ lfsvcd la tbc Ialwkcdgc Cflal`x hahthnth}cv!Bc hv tbc nstblz l as`czlsv nzthfkcv la tbc vcz}hfc nangc`cat nad la Hatckkcftsnk Fnuhtnk!Ha @nzfb >887+ tlgctbcz whtb @hfbnck V! @nklac+ bc knsafbcd lac l tbc }czx mzvt jlliv laHatckkcftsnk Fnuhtnk! Bc hv nkvl vucfhnk nd}hvlz la Vlfhctnk Catzcuzcacszvbhu tl tbc Vwcdhvb

Gl}cza`catnk Mlsadnthla lz Fl`uctcafc Dc}cklu`cat+ nv wckk nv la Vcz}hfc Vfhcafc tl tbcVwcdhvb Gl}cza`catnk Ngcafx lz Haal}nthla! Bhv lvt zcfcat jlli hv Anthlank HatckkcftsnkFnuhtnk+ :5>5+ whtb Uzlcvvlz Fnzlk Kha!


20/421

:5 Kchm Cd}havvla

xcnzv ngl+ klag jclzc tbc Cszlucna Uzcvhdcafx+ vl flagzntsknthlav nkvl lz xlsz

uczvhvtcafx! H bn}c jcca wlzihag la ht lz `lzc tbna twcatx xcnzv alw!

H wlskd khic tl vbnzc whtb xls vl`c uczvucfth}cv la HF+ vl`c hdcnv+ nv IzxvtlGskdn+ tbc @hahvtzx l Vfhcafc nad Bhgbcz Cdsfnthla+ Ulknad+ wnv vnxhag+ njlst

tbc zn`cwlzi! Thv HF zn`cwlzi hv n }czx `sfb njlst tbc tnrlal`x nad havhgbtv!

Nftsnkkx+ wc accd n knagsngc tl vbnzc tbc havhgbtv! Htv alt Ulkhvb+ htv alt Cagkhvb!

Havtcnd+ htv tbc acw HF knagsngc! l n knzgc crtcat wc nzc tznuucd whtbha tbc lkd

knagsngc! Htv fnkkcd cflal`hfv! Wc accd n dccucz sadczvtnadhag lz tbc vcavc

`nihag+ vl H whkk vbnzc whtb xls vl`c sadczvtnadhag tbnt H bn}c gnhacd dszhag tbc

zcfcat twcatx xcnzv vl`c uczvucfth}c la wbnt H bn}c vcca+ nad wbnt H vcc!

HF hv njlst `lzc tbna tbc Bs`na Fnuhtnk! Salztsantckx n fl``la`hvsadczvtnadhag! HF hv `sfb `lzc blkhvthf+ whtb hatcz dcucadcat fl`ulacatv khic

Bs`na Fnuhtnk+ Zcknthlank Fnuhtnk+ Lzgnahnthlank Fnuhtnk+ Haal}nthla Fnuhtnk+

Hatckkcftsnk Uzlucztx! Tc `cnahagv l tbc wlzdv HF nzc Dczh}cd Havhgbtv l Bcnd

]nksc+ lz Mstszc Cnzahagv Fnunjhkhthcv! Na c}cz `lzc vh`ukc dhvthafthla hv tbc zlltv

lz tbc zshtv.

HF hv vl`ctbhag tbnt H vtnztcd tl wlzi whtb nv Dhzcftlz l Hatckkcftsnk Fnuhtnk+

ha na catczuzhvc fnkkcd VINADHN! Wc nkvl vtnztcd VINADHN ULKNAD dszhag

tbnt uczhld! H cadcd su la tbc zlat fl}cz l Mlztsac! H alw bn}c `x nfndc`hf zlkcnv Uzlcvvlz l HF ha+ n`lag ltbczv+ Ksad Sah}czvhtx ha Vwcdca nad Tc Blag Ilag

Ulkxtcfbahf Sah}czvhtx! H bn}c nkvl zcfch}cd na nwnzd nv Jznha l tbc Xcnz+ zl` tbc

Jzhthvb lsadnthla fnkkcd Jznha zsvt+ lz tbhv uhlacczhag wlzi!

ldnx wc vcavc tbc vhgankv l zsvtznthla nzlsad sv! Ht `hgbt jc tbcvc acw

gzlsuv l xlsag uclukc dc`lavtznthag lstvhdc cdcznk jnaiv+ nad jhg jnaiv! Uczbnuv

whtb vl`c vh`hknzhthcv tl >8=2 nad tbc c`czghag vtsdcat dc`lavtznthlav! Klli

nt tbc h`ngc l tbc N`czhfna Uzcvhdcat Ljn`n+ wbl dlcvat klli }czx bnuux la tbc

ubltl wbczc bc hv acrt tl tbc Uzcvhdcat l Fbhan! Nad ha jctwcca wc bn}c vhtsnthlal Gzccfc nad tbc Cszl fzhvcv! Vl wbl hv ha ulwcz>! Wbnt wnv Vtc}c Oljv cvvcathnkkx dlhag ha Nuukc< Bc `nangcd htv


21/421

:>Sah}czvnk Actwlzihag+ Hatckkcftsnk Fnuhtnk

hatckkcftsnk fnuhtnk! Nad ht wnv njlst tbc fnunjhkhtx tl gh}c uzlucz dhzcfthla tl tbc

ialwkcdgc nvvh`hkntcd! Vl tbc ~scvthla lz sv hv wbctbcz wc bn}c jcca nvvh`hknthag

vl`c ialwkcdgc ha Cszluc< L flszvc+ n klt! Jst tbnt ialwkcdgc hv zcflzdcdnv crucavcv nad dcjt! Tc HF dh`cavhlav nzc ha}cvt`catv lz tbc stszc fnunjhkhthcv.

Wbctbcz ht `hgbt jc vl`ctbhag ckvc< Nad dl wc bn}c n uzlucz dhzcfthla484 ha Htnkx nad jnvhfnkkx bnvat c}cz fbnagcd! Vl wcnzc an}hgnthag whtb na lkd vxvtc` zl` >484! Alwndnxv wc bn}c GUV lz an}hgnthla!

Jst wc dlat bn}c cflal`hf an}hgnthla vxvtc`! Nad tbntv tbc uzljkc`! Wc dlat bn}c

tbc GUV lz tbc hatckkcftsnk fnuhtnk! Vl tbhv `hgbt jc lac l tbc h`ulztnat zcvcnzfb

tluhfv! Blw dl wc dc}cklu tbc ukntlz` whtb tbc GUV lz tbc hatnaghjkcv25 dcgzccv l unzndhg`

vbh! Nad tbntv tbc h`ulztnat unzt l ht! Jst zc`c`jcz wc bn}c tl gl zl` >484 tlvl`ctbhag tbnt hv lzc tbna HF jnvcd an}hgnthla tllk lz zcflzdhag nad lzcfnvthag

l tbc hatnaghjkc }nksc ha}cvt`catv!

Alwndnxv H n` nkvl Fbnhz`na lz Tc Acw Fksj l Unzhv! Tczc wc wlzi whtb

tbc Ialwkcdgc Ngcadn vctthag lz Anthlav+ wc wlzi whtb tbc fskth}nthlav l vl`c

l tbcvc HF nvucftv `cathlacd+ jst `lzc nad `lzc wc lfsv la Vlfhctnk Haal}nthla!

CS hv na lkd vlfhctnk haal}nthla! Vl+ uczbnuv wc accd n zcacwcd lac! Wbl whkk tnic

fbnzgc l tbnt< Nad blw dlcv tbnt klli khic< Wbnt hv tbc hatnaghjkc }nksc dlwa tbc

zlnd lz Cszluc88=+ whtb tbc gl}cza`cat l Vwcdca!


22/421


23/421

:6Sah}czvnk Actwlzihag+ Hatckkcftsnk Fnuhtnk

Jst tbnt tnicv nkvl tl naltbcz dh`cavhla l tbc acw hatnaghjkc cflal`x!

Tc GUV l ^snkhtx l Khc. Tc Uzcvhdcat Vnzilx nuulhatcd n vucfhnk zculzt tcn`

whtb Aljck Uzhc knszcntcv! Alw tbc tcn` whtb Fbzhvtlubcz Vfb`hdt hv ha uzlgzcvvwhtb n dnvbjlnzd lz `lahtlzhag cflal`hf uczlz`nafc zckntcd tl ^snkhtx l Khc

nad Vsvtnhanjhkhtx+ whtb cknjlzntcd vtnthvthfnk hadhfntlzv! ]czx hatczcvthag!

Nad tbczc nzc `lzc vsfb vhgankv dlwa tbc zlnd! Lac vsfb hv zl` tbc Gkljnk

Nnhzv ngnhac @LALFKC! Tczc tbcx nzc naasnkkx znaihag tbc jcvt uknfc tl wlzi

nad kh}c! As`jcz lac :5>> hv Bckvhaih+ ha Mhaknad+ lkklwcd jx _szhfb+ Flucabngca+

@sahfb+ nad @ckjlszac!

Tc h`ulztnafc l HF hv gzlwhag! Nad tbhv hv nftsnkkx blw tl tznavlz`

Bs`na fnuhtnk hatl vsvtnhanjkc zc}casc }nksc! N sztbcz zcmacd `ldck l HF@6!5 hv c`czghag+ la blw tl nft whtb tbcvc tbzcc `nolz fl`ulacatv l HF9 Bs`na

Fnuhtnk+ Lzgnahnthlank Fnuhtnk nad Zcknthlank Fnuhtnk! Nad htv alt nddhag su!

Ht hv `skthukxhag! Nad tbntv wbnt Vtc}c Oljv dhd! Tntv wbx Nuukc flskd uzcvcat

cnzkhcz ha :5>> tbnt tbcx bn}c 3# l tbc }lks`c jst 35# l tbc zc}cascv ha tbc

`ljhkc vcftlz! Ht hv n tltnkkx dhczcat jsvhacvv }nksc `ldck+ kc}cznghag actwlziv nad

Zcknthlank Fnuhtnk!

Naltbcz fzhthfnk dh`cavhla hv tbc gzlwtb l Cszluc! Ht `hgbt nftsnkkx alt jc tbc

zhgbt ubznvhag lz uczvucfth}c! Tc zhgbt ubznvhag hv zcacwnk! Ht hv jnvcd la n jhlklghfnkvsvtnhanjkc `ctnublz! Gzlwtb `hgbt jc nv fnafcz! Sadczvtnadhag tbc zbxtb`

l zcacwnk jcfl`cv cvvcathnk lz tbc HF an}hgnthla!

Ha @nx :5>> Jca Jczanaic+ Fbnhz`na l Mcdcznk Zcvcz}c SVN+ wnv uzcvcathag

n `nolz `hvvhag gnu ha tbc N`czhfna nfflsathag vxvtc` l zlsgbkx SV$ 4 tblsvnad

jhkkhla+ dsc tl tbc nkknfx l zculzthag la Hatnaghjkcv! Osvt h`nghac h xls ndd tbnt vs`

tl jnknafc vbcct l SV! Wbnt whkk bnuuca tl tbc }nksc l SV dlkknz nv na crfbnagc

fszzcafx< Whkk ht gl dlwa+ lz whkk ht gl su3 xcnzv+ jnvcd la hahthnkkx :2 hadhfntlzv+ nad alw 42 hadhfntlzv! Wc bn}c zcvcnzfb

flkknjlznthlav ha Mhaknad whtb uzlcvvlz Uhzol Vtnbkc+ nad ha Mznafc whtb uzlcvvlz

Nb`cd Jlsalsz! Xls fna mad `lzc halz`nthla la www!AHF45!lzg

Thv hv n ihad l HF an}hgnthla `nu la `nfzl kc}ck Yvcc `nu jcklwP! Wbnt wc vcc

hv tbnt Alzwnx hv gzlwhag suwnzd+ jst alt `l}hag lzwnzd! Mhaknad hv `l}hag

lzwnzd jst alt glhag su }czx `sfb! Vwcdca hv glhag su nad vl`cwbnt lzwnzd!Gcz`nax hv nk`lvt thkthag jnfiwnzdv! Nad Vhagnulzc bnv tbc `lvt vtznhgbt khac

suwnzdv nad lzwnzd dszhag tbc knvt >3 xcnzv+ gh}hag n anthlank HF tl htv fhthcav!


24/421

:4 Kchm Cd}havvla

Vl h xls tbca tnic Ulknad+ ht vblwv n }czx hatczcvthag ulwczsk lzwnzd HF

c}lksthla! Vcc tbc `nu jcklw! Vl`ctbhag bnuucacd ha :555+ jst tbnt uczbnuv bnd

nkzcndx vtnztcd ha >883! Nad h xls tbca tnic tbc vhtsnthla nad fl`unzc Ulknad whtbJznhk nad Zsvvhn+ nv n`lsv JZHF anthlav+ xls vcc tbnt Jznhk hv alt glhag vl `sfb

lzwnzd! Ulknad hv glhag lzwnzd nad suwnzdv! Nad Zsvvhn hv bn}hag n tszahag ulhat

:552 dlwawnzdv! Ltbcz jcafb`nzihag whtb c!g! Vlstb Ilzcn vblwv tbnt tbcx nzc

nbcnd! Nsvtznkhn hv nkvl nbcnd l Ulknad!

Mhgszc >! Vfntcz uklt Bs`na Fnuhtnk }v! Zcacwnk Fnuhtnk

lm Mhaknad+ Gcz`nax+ Alzwnx+ Vhagnulzc nad Vwcdca

Vlszfc? www!AHF45!lzg

Xls fna nkvl zckntc HF l Anthlav tl vl`ctbhag }czx hatczcvthag GHAH+ wbhfb

vblwv tbc hafl`c dhvtzhjsthla! Nad tbca Ulknad bnv n }czx glld nad nt ulvhthla+

wbhfb `cnav tbnt xls bn}c uzljnjkx n `lzc vsvtnhanjkc lstklli lz tbc wcnktb

fzcnthla tbna+ lz crn`ukc+ Jznhk! Nad dcmahtckx tbna Zsvvhn!


25/421


AHF hv alt tbc tltnk tzstb+ jst ht gh}cv xls hadhfnthlav! AHF hv n ihad l vtnzthag

ulhat lz Ulkhfx `nihag l Anthlav! H xls vtnzt xlszc `l}hag hatl uzltltxuhag

tbc GUV l Anthlav!H xls tbca gl dccucz hatl hfzl hadhfntlzv lz catczuzhvcv xls whkk mad Gcz`nax

nv tbc kcndhag crnùkc lz tldnx la blw tl wlzi whtb tbc hatckkcftsnk fnuhtnk! Nad xls

fna mad blw tbcx bn}c jcca uzltltxuhag n uzlfcvv whtb tbc` dhvtzhjsthag >55555 HF

gshdckhacv nad vlwnzc lz vsuulzt l tbc V@C l Gcz`nax! Thv hv n }czx hùzcvvh}c

hùnftsk HF wlzi tbnt vtnztcd nk`lvt >5 xcnzv ngl! N icx uknxcz ha ht bnv jcca Tc

@hahvtzx l Cflal`hfv nad cfbalklgx ha Gcz`nax nad xls fna zcnd `lzc njlst

ht la www!niwhvvcavjhkna!lzg

Mhgszc :! Vfntczukltt lm AHF45 }v GDUucz fnuhtn ha SVD mlz Jznhk+ Ulknad nad Zsvvhn

Vlszfc? www!AHF45!lzg

Lac }czx hùlztnat unzt l tbhv hv tbc vxvtc` dxan`hfv l HF nv n blkhvthf hatcz

dcucadcafx! Htv alt tbc nddhag dh`cavhla! Ht hv tbc vxvtc` dxan`hfv+ wbhfb bnv htv

lzhgha nt @H ha Jlvtla nad Uzlcvvlz Onx Mlzzcvtcz! Thv nuuzlnfb bnv nkvl jccacrunadcd hatl n as`jcz l Cszlucna flsatzhcv sadcz tbc vsuulzt l tbc Cszlucna

Fl``hvvhla Yvcc `lzc la www!hafnv-cszluc!lzgP! Thv hv alt tbc bhvtlzhfnk flvt


26/421

:= Kchm Cd}havvla

nfflsathag9 htv an}hgnthla hatl tbc stszc nad hatcznfthla l }nzhlsv HF fl`ulacatv

l}cz th`c+ nv HF `skthukhczv!

Naltbcz Anthla kcndhag vhafc klag bnv jcca Onuna! Tcx bn}c hahthntcd `nolzuzlgzn`v lz tbc Hatckkcftsnk Nvvctv @nangc`cat nad nkvl wbnt hv fnkkcd Tc Wlzkd

Hatckkcftsnk Fnuhtnk Hahthnth}c lz nfflsathag Yvcc www!wlzkdhfh!fl P! Ht hv alw whtb

tbc fbnhz`navbhu zl` @CH ha Onuna! Nkvl+ c}czx xcnz Onuna nzznagcv na HN Wcci

Hatckkcftsnk Nvvct Wcci+ tlgctbcz whtb tbc vtlfi `nzict+ whtb tbc sah}czvhthcv+ nad

whtb tbc catczuzhvcv tl vbnzc ialwkcdgc njlst tbc Hatnaghjkcv! Thv bnv jcca glhag

la lz 7 xcnzv alw ha Onuna+ nad vl`ctbhag lz Cszluc tl uhfi su zl`+ nad acrt lac :5>:!Msztbcz`lzc+ tbczc nzc nkvl alw c`czghag hahthnth}cv ha Nvhn nv wckk nv ltbcz uknfcv!


27/421


Vl tl vs``nzhc hatl vl`c ulhatv+ `nhakx lz nfthla?

Thai HF+ nad htv blkhvthf }nksc! Dlat dzlwa ha tbhaihag njlst tbc bhvtlzhfnk flvt,

crucadhtszc nfflsathag nad dcjtv tbntv tbc lkd wnx l >484 tbhaihag! Nzznagc HF lz HN wcciv+ khic ha Onuna+ lz }nzhlsv vtnicblkdczv+ tl kc}czngc Bhddca

Wcnktb!

]hvsnkhc nad zculzt HF+ khic HF l Ulknad vtnztcd ha :552 la bhddca }nkscv+

la 6 kc}ckv+ tbc vlfhctnk kc}ck+ tbc catczuzhvc kc}ck khic ha Gcz`nax nad tbc hadh}hdsnk

kc}ck!

Vbnuc HF knjv lz Mstszc Fcatzc lz znuhd uzltltxuhag l Haal}nthla+ vcc www!f

nkkhnafc!act

Hahthntc acw txuc l szjna dcvhga lz vucfhnk unztv l tbc fhtx+ khic szjna @hadlacv+ whtb tbc zhgbt dcavhtx l jznhav+ nad whtb tbc cadlzubhav lwhag ha jctwcca

tbc jznhav!

@ljhkhc nad caczghc Vlfhctnk nad Vlfhnk Catzcuzcacszv+ khic ha NFVH+ lz vlfhctnk

haal}nthla!

Vl+ @hfbn Jlah+ wbntv xlsz hatckkcftsnk fnuhtnk alw< Hv ht }nksnjkc nv n fbhu la

xlsz jsvhacvv fnzd+ lz wbca whkk ht jc n}nhknjkc la xlsz jsvhacvv fnzd nv n fbhu< Nad

blw nzc xls glhag tl `nic `lzc lst l ht4#( ha hatczcvt l jltb tbc alwndnxv nad tbc

stszc ucavhlaczv! l jcttcz jnknafc tbc usjkhf vcfszhtx nad ucavhlav vxvtc` ha tbc

stszc wc accd tl zhvc tbc zcthzc`cat ngc+ vl ha :5:7 ht wlskd jc =7 xcnzv lz `canad wl`ca+ wbhfb ha tsza whkk zcvskt ha UKA >35 ja ">5!3#( nd}natngc ha ucavhlav

vxvtc` ha :5:5:565!

Tc tbhzd kc}cz tbc kc}cz l haal}nthla! L flszvc htv cnvhcvt tl vnx tbnt tbc

uzljkc` whkk jc vlk}cd jx jhggcz vucadhag la zcvcnzfb nad dc}cklu`cat! Vszckx tbcx

vblskd jc jhggcz+ wc nvvs`c vl nkvl ha fnvc l Ulknad "n glnk thkk :565 hv 6# l whtb

crhjkc vtzsftszc+ tbnt hv :,6 l uzh}ntc vcftlz vbnzcv(! H wc flùnzc Cszluc tl tbc

SVN lz Onuna+ ht bnzdkx znaiv n}lsznjkx! Wbnt hv tbc icx< Tc icx hv tl sadczvtnad

tbnt tbc kc}cz l haal}nthla whkk wlzi h wc dc}cklu n flùkctc lz`skn l nfthlavuzl`lthag haal}nthla n ihad l haal}nthla }cbhfkc!

Wc vblskd jcgha whtb cnzkx ihadczgnztca cdsfnthla! Tc vfbllk nad dhghtnk

cdsfnthla ha vfbllk nv wckk nv dc}ckluhag flùctcafhcv zccfthag tbc fbnagcv ha

cflal`hf nad dhghtnk jnfigzlsad nzc nkk hùlztnat! Hùlztnat hv tbc gzndsntc wbl

hv ~snkhcd+ flùctcat nad `catnkkx `ntfbcd whtb tbc zc~shzc`catv l tbc knjlsz

`nzict! Hùlztnat hv tbc gzndsntc wbl whkk jc njkc tl fbnagc bcz,bhv ~snkhfnthlav

tbzlsgblst tbc wblkc uzlcvvhlank fnzzhcz! Haznvtzsftszc hv }czx hùlztnat tbc

haal}nthla }cbhfkc fnaalt `hvv tbc flatnftv jctwcca fhthcv+ jctwcca fhthcv nad}hkkngcv+ jctwcca }nzhlsv tczzhtlzhcv! Ubhklvlubx l vucadhag ha tbc ckd l vfhcafc+ htv

fl``czfhnkhnthla nad flùcthth}cacvv nzc l uh}ltnk hùlztnafc wbnt hv ccfth}ckx


32/421

6: @hfbn Jlah

uzl`ltcd ha jhkkv zcfcatkx nffcutcd ha Ulkhvb unzkhn`cat! N dhczcat ihad l jsvhacvv-

vfhcafc fllucznthla+ `lzc luca+ canjkhag tbc jsvhacvv tl nzthfskntc htv lwa accdv

nad fzcntc uzcvvszc+ tl uczvsndc wbnt ihad l zcvcnzfbcv hv accdcd tl dc}cklu nzictnd}natngcv ha tbc ckd l `czfbnadhvc nad vcz}hfcv! Htv th`c tl njnadla tbc bnjht

tbnt tbc wlzkd l vfhcafc dhftntcv wbnt ihad l zcvcnzfb ht wnatv tl vckk tl tbc cflal`x!

Nad hankkx tbc knvt nvucft l tbc kc}cz l haal}nthla flsatcznfthag

tbc wcniacvvcv l catczuzhvcv! ]czx cw Cszlucna catczuzhvcv flluczntc whtb

catczuzhvcv zl` ltbcz flsatzhcv "nzlsad >5>3#(! Tc Cszlucna `nzict htvck

hv nkvl dc}ckluhag vklwkx! Cszlucna catzcuzcacszv znzckx flluczntc whtb catzcuzcacszv

zl` ltbcz unztv l tbc wlzkd "kcvv tbna >5#(! Ulkhvb catzcuzcacszv nzc haal}nth}c

tl n }czx v`nkk crtcat vl wc vblskd nvi lszvck}cv nzc wc alt whtacvvhag tbc vklwdlwal Ulkhvb catzcuzcacszvbhu! Nmcz n gzcnt vsffcvv l Ulkhvb catzcuzcacszvbhu dszhag

tbc tznavlz`nthla uczhld wc vblskd nktcz tbc hùskvcv zsaahag tl tbc jsvhacvv-

wlzkd tl uzl`ltc haal}nthlav jcttcz!

Tc lsztb kc}cz tbc kc}cz l nvuhznthla! Wbx H jckhc}c htv hùlztnat< Jcfnsvc

nv tbc vlfhcthcv dc}cklu+ vl dl tbchz cflal`hcv! Jcfnsvc ha zcnkhtx tbc vlfhcthcv jshkd

nad caczghc tbc cflal`x+ alt vl`c `xtblklghfnk `nzictv! Tc vlfhcthcv caczghc

tbc cflal`hcv jx gcacznthag dc`nad lz }nzhlsv uzldsftv nad vcz}hfcv! Tc vlfhcthcv+

dcucadhag la tbc kc}ck l tbchz dc}cklu`cat+ bn}c tbchz vucfhf nad hadh}hdsnknvuhznthlav!

Ulknad hv n flsatzx l gzcnt nvuhznthlav+ cvucfhnkkx htv xlsagcz gcacznthlav! Mzl`

n fcztnha ulhat l }hcw tbc flavs`czhvt uzcvvszc hv gznatcd lz acrt hah`s` twcatx

cw xcnzv! Wbx hv ht vl hùlztnat< Jcfnsvc tbhv nft `cnav na nvuhznthla tl hùzl}c

tbc ~snkhtx l khc! Tc lakx zcnkkx hùlztnat havtzs`cat l dc}ckluhag tbc kc}cz

l nvuhznthla hv tl hùzl}c tbc vhtsnthla ha tbc knjlsz `nzict+ jcfnsvc lakx tbzlsgb

wlzi nad vnknzhcv uclukc `nx fbnvc wbnt tbcx nvuhzc! Wbnt dlcv ht `cna tbzlsgb

wlzi< Ht `cnav n bhgbcz cùklx`cat zntc? `lzc wl`ca whkk ad oljv "h tbc zntccùklx`cat l `ca nad wl`ca ha CS wnv c~snk+ tbc Cszlucna GAU wlskd zhvc

jx >5 uczfcatngc ulhatv(+ xlsag uclukc whkk vtnzt uzlcvvhlank fnzzhczv cnzkhcz nad

whkk nfbhc}c n vtnjkc vhtsnthla la tbc knjlsz `nzict vllacz! Tnt ha tsza `cnav vbhm

ha zcthzc`cat ngc nv wc whkk wlzi klagcz tbc navwczv nzc lj}hlsv! Lac nx nvi blw

tl dl ht jst nvihag hv ht acfcvvnzx hv lst l tbc ~scvthla tbc navwczv nzc vl lj}hlsv+

cvucfhnkkx zl` tbc ulhat l }hcw l dc`lgznubhf fbnkkcagcv! Tc vbhm ha zcthzc`cat

ngc gh}cv 655 tblsvnad `lzc uzlcvvhlankkx nfth}c uclukc thkk :5:5 nad >!: `hkkhla thkk

:565+ wbnt wlskd nkklw tl jnknafc tbc ccftv l ngchag vlfhctx nad klwczhag jhztbzntc!Nt tbc vn`c `l`cat+ h wc wnat tbnt Cszluc+ lz Ulknad+ icut jnknafc la tbc knjlsz

`nzict ha tbc acrt >5+ >3 lz :5 xcnzv+ wc vblskd alt jc nvbn`cd tl tnki tbnt n bhgbcz


33/421

66Kc}czv lm Ulknadv Dc}cklu`cat

jhztbzntc hv accdcd! Blwc}cz+ h tbhv hv tl bnuuca wc accd tl fzcntc jcttcz fladhthlav

nv nz nv jnjx fnzc hv flafczacd+ cvucfhnkkx wbca lac wnatv tl fl`jhac uzlcvvhlank

fnzzhcz whtb n`hkx nvuhznthlav!Tc mb kc}cz l dc}cklu`cat tbc kc}cz l dhghthnthla!Nv Olba Bngck HHH

nad Olba Vcckx Jzlwa dhvfsvv+ ha tbchz jlli Tc Ulwcz l Uskk+ blw gkljnkhnthla

nad Hatczact hascafc tbc dc}cklu`cat l tbc gkljnk cflal`x dszhag twcatx xcnzv

l Hatczact safthlahag+ tbcx hatzldsfc n tcz` Jhg Vbhm! Nkk tbc flavc~scafcv

l dhghtnk vlksthlav safthlahag ha }nzhlsv dh`cavhlav l khc nad dhczcat unztv

l cflal`x nzc zc}cnkhag tbc`vck}cv osvt alw! Wc bn}c n gzcnt fbnafc tl bnvtca

tbc uzlfcvv l dhghthnthla+ wbhfb l flszvc ha}lk}cv jzlndjnad nad nvt Hatczact

nv wckk nv dc}ckluhag dhghtnk flùctcafhcv ha tbc wblkc vlfhctx! Thv `nicvvlksthlav lz tbc dhghtnk vfbllk vl hùlztnat! Cùklxhag kc}cz l dhghthnthla `cnav

vihksk cruklhtnthla l tbc vuccd l halz`nthla `nangc`cat+ usjkhf halz`nthla

nad luca vlszfcv "uknfcd ha zculvhtlzhcv( cnvx n}nhknjkc nad zcc l fbnzgc! Nv nuvfltt

nad Whkkhn`v ust ht ha tbchz wlziv flafczahag whihal`hfv+ tbc flatcùlznzx

wlzkd hv n acw gzcnt Nkcrnadzhna zcnkhtx! Wc svc n gzcnt khjznzx+ khic fhthcav

l Nkcrnadzhn ha tbchz th`cv wczc svhag tbc vukcadhd khjznzx+ wc fna svc Hatczact

tl dc`lfznthfnkkx cruklht nffcvv tl ialwkcdgc nad bczhtngc! Thv nkvl ha}lk}cv

fbnaghag wnxv l fladsft ha tbc vubczc l cflal hfv! Alt klag ngl ha Jzsvvckv+ dszhagn flaczcafc la haal}nthla+ n zculzt flafczahag `hfzl-`skthanthlank catczuzhvcv wnv

dhvfsvvcd+ ihad l ngnhavt n vtczcltxuc tbnt lakx knzgc flzulznthlav nzc skthanthlank

catczuzhvcv! Tc `hfzlcatczuzhvcv+ vl tbc lacv cùklxhag kcvv tbna >5 uclukc+ gh}c

n gzcnt luulztsahtx tl c}czxlac nzlsad tbc wlzkd tl flluczntc+ hatzldsfc acw vcz}hfcv

nad uzldsftv! Hatczact `nicv tbhv uzlfcvv cnvhcz nad nvtcz! H vcc gzcnt dc}cklu`cat

zcvcz}cv ha dhghthnthla! Ht ha}lk}cv gzcntcz lucaacvv l ckcftzlahf cflal`x

nad tzndc! Nkzcndx tldnx ckcftzlahf cflal x ha Ulknad gcaczntcv :!3:!2# l tbc tltnk+

nktblsgb lakx :!3# l uszfbnvcv nzc dlac la tbc Hatczact+ wbhkc ha CS tbc n}czngchv =#! Lac l tbc glnkv l tbc Ulkhvb Uzcvhdcafx hv tl hatzldsfc tbc :2tb zcgh`c+ tbnt

hv na luthlank fblhfc tl hatzldsfc sakh`htcd Hatczact tzndc! H wc bn}c :7 kcgnk zcgh`cv

ha dhczcat Cszlucna Sahla flsatzhcv+ tbc :2tb hv tl jc luthlankkx fblvca tl uzl`ltc

ckcftzlahf crfbnagc whtblst jnzzhczv nad ha}lk}hag `sfb `lzc vhùkc uzlfcdszcv!

Dc}ckluhag dhghtnk hùctsv ha Ulknad whkk fzcntc }nvt zcvcz}cv l uzldsfth}htx+

hafzcnvc haal}nth}cacvv nad vtntcv ccfth}cacvv+ hatzldsfc unzthfhunthla ha n acw txuc

l fsktszc n fla}czgcat fsktszc+ jnvcd la hatcztwhahag `cdhn nad tznavczv+ fzcntc

n acw nftlz l fsktsznk unzthfhunthla n uzlvs`cz+ n sahcd fzcntlz nad uzldsfcznv wckk nv zcfch}cz nad flavs`cz l fsktszc! Ha ccft+ Ulkcv whkk jcfl`c `lzc fzcnth}c!

L}cz tbc acrt dcfndc tbhv whkk jc tbc nftlz dctcz`hahag tbc flùcthth}c nd}natngcv!


34/421

64 @hfbn Jlah

Tc vhrtb kc}cz l dc}cklu`cat+ tbc kc}cz l `ctzlulkhnthla! Ha `ctzlulkhvcv

n acw txuc l cflal`x jnvhag la acw txucv l vcz}hfcv hv dc}ckluhag! @lzc oljv

nzc fzcntcd ha `ctzlulkhvcv+ lz nv Mklzhdn fnkkv tbc` `cgn zcghlav! Thv fzcntcvna nddcd }nksc+ kh}hag hv jcttcz ha >5 jhg Ulkhvb fhthcv l}cz 35# l hv gcaczntcd!

Tc nfndc`hcv+ tbc fsktszc+ tbcx nzc ha `ctzlulkhvcv! Lac kh}cv n dhczcat khc

ha n `ctzlulkhv! Ht hv nkvl wlztb zc`c`jczhag tbnt tbc `ctzlulkhtna fsktszc

nad Ulwcz dcucad alt lakx la htv vhc nad as`jcz l htv fhthcav! Tczc nzc al knzgc

fhthcv ha Vfnadhan}hna flsatzhcv+ ac}cztbckcvv nkk dc}cklu cat unttczav nad vtzcagtbv

l `ctzlulkhvcv nzc safthlahag tbczc!

Lac l tbc ~scvthlav sadn`catnk lz cflal`hf dc}cklu`cat hv nad H whkk

vtntc ht ~shtc fkcnzkx? wbnt dl vlfhcthcv dl wbca tbcx nzc alt wlzihag< Ha tbc unvtht flafczacd tbc uzh}nfx l uclukc+ tldnx ht flafczav tbc dc}cklu`cat l jsvhacvv

kchvszc th`c! La lac bnad ht hv flùkcr nad whtb uzl`hvhag uzlvucftv! La tbc ltbcz

ht fzcntcv zn`cwlzi lz fbnaghag khcvtxkcv nad lz vnthvxhag tbc accd tl jnknafc

tbc wlzi nad uzh}ntc khc+ wbhfb hv alw uzcvcat la n vfnkc sah`nghanjkc ha tbc

unvt! @cdhc}nk fhthcv tl vnthvx tbhv accd dcvhzcd tbc Fnzah}nk! @ctzlulkhv l tldnx

hv n ucz`nacat fnzah}nk!

Nad tbc knvt kc}cz tbc kc}cz l unzthfhunthla+ fklvckx nttnfbcd tl acw

lz`v l dc`lfznfx nad vtntcv cmcfth}c nad fhthca-zhcadkx safthlahag!Ha tbc flatcùlznzx wlzkd+ ha unzthfsknz ha dc}cklucd flsatzhcv+ lac cckv n gzcnt

dcfht l jltb? l vtzlag kcndczvbhu nad l fhthcav unzthfhunthla ha zcnk dc`lfznfx!

Hùzl}hag tbc vhtsnthla hv hadhvucavnjkc! Blwc}cz+ tbczc hv n ccdjnfi jctwcca

nffcutnafc l tbc vtzlag nad ccfth}c kcndczvbhu nad luulztsahthcv lz unzthfhunthla

ha dcfhvhla-`nihag uzlfcvvcv! Htv n unzndlr jst vtzlagcz tbc unzthfhunthla `cnav

vtzlagcz kcndczvbhu! Vlfhnk fnuhtnk hv n uzc`hvc l glld fllucznthla jctwcca tbc Ulwcz

nad tbc vlfhctx!

l hùzl}c tbc vhtsnthla ha tbhv ckd ht hv hadhvucavnjkc tl hùzl}c tbc uznfthfcl nd`hahvtznthla+ tl fnzc njlst tbc fkhcat vnthvnfthla l tbc fhthcav lzc+ cvucfhnkkx

wbca tbcx nzc zcfch}czv l }nzhlsv usjkhf vcz}hfcv! Ccfth}c vcz}hfcv+ cùklxhag dhghtnk

tcfbah~scv lz tbchz gzcntcz tznavunzcafx nad vuccd+ whdc vucftzs` l flavsktnthlav

la-khac+ bcnktbx jnknafc jctwcca Hatczact zccdl` nad uzltcfthla l fhthcav

zhgbtv nad vtntcv vcfszhtx tbcvc nzc tbc tnviv tl jc zcnkhcd jx cùklxhag tbc kc}cz

l unzthfhunthla+ tbnt hv dc}ckluhag n unzthfhunat dc`lfznfx!

Fna Ulknad nfc tbc fbnkkcagcv khvtcd njl}c nad cùklx tbc kc}czv l dc}cklu`cat

flzzcftkx


35/421

@nfhco Jnanfb/

Tbc Icx Zlkc lm Hatckkcftsnk Fnuhtnkha tbc Uzlfcvv lm @ldczahnthla

L}cz tbc knvt cw dcfndcv+ tbc Cszlucna hatcgznthla bnv jcfl`c lac l tbc `lvt

hùlztnat uzlfcvvcv la n Cszlucna nad gkljnk vfnkc! Tc Cszlucna Sahla hv alw

n vx`jlk l hatcgznthag Cszluc+ l}czfl`hag tbc jnzzhczv nad madhag fl``lavlksthlav wbhfb vsuulzt tbc gzlwtb l wckk-jchag l nkk fhthcav!

ldnx tbc CS bnv zcnfbcd n vucfhnk `l`cat l dc}cklu`cat+ nv ht hv fbnaghag

ha tbc vfnkc nad vfluc savcca lz `nax xcnzv jclzc! Tc cflal`hf fzhvhv nad gkljnk

fbnkkcagcv tbc Cszlucna vlfhctx hv nfhag+ zc~shzc madhag nad hùkc`cathag acw

vlksthlav nt hatczanthlank vfnkc+ cvucfhnkkx ha lzdcz tl vtzcagtbca tbc cflal`hf gzlwtb

nad dc}cklu`cat!

Tc nfth}hthcv nh`cd nt vtzcagtbcahag cflal`hf gzlwtb ha Cszluc bn}c jcca

uzcvcatcd ha tbc Cszluc :5:5 Vtzntcgx! Nfflzdhag tl tbhv Vtzntcgx+ tbc }hvhla l`ldcza Cszlucna cflal`x nad vlfhctx vblskd jc jnvcd la v`nzt+ vsvtnhanjkc nad

hafksvh}c gzlwtb! Tc Cszluc :5:5 Vtzntcgx nkvl uzcvcatv }czx n`jhthlsv glnkv+ nv

/ @nfhco Jnanfb hv n dcustx `hahvtcz ha tbc @hahvtzx l Vfhcafc nad Bhgbcz Cdsfnthla!Bc bnv l}cznkk zcvulavhjhkhtx lz nkk ulkhfx `nttczv whtbha tbc vfhcafc vcftlz? hùkc`catnthlal tbc fbnagcv hatzldsfcd ha tbc vfhcafc vxvtc` ha Lftljcz :5>5+ cvucfhnkkx acw uzlfcdszcv hac}nksnthla l vfhcathmf sahtv nad hatczanthlank fllucznthla ha tbc mckd l vfhcafc nad zcvcnzfb!

Bc wnv nkvl n `c`jcz l Xlsag Vfhcathvtv Flsafhk nad tbc Fl``httcc lz Unzn`ctzhfC}nksnthla l Vfhcathmf Olszankv nt tbc @hahvtzx l Vfhcafc nad Bhgbcz Cdsfnthla l tbcZcusjkhf l Ulknad!


36/421

6= @nfhco Jnanfb

wckk nv nfth}hthcv nad hahthnth}cv tl cabnafc tbchz hùkc`catnthla! Vc}ca ngvbhu

hahthnth}cv bn}c jcca uzlulvcd tl nfbhc}c n`jhthlsv glnkv l tbc Cszluc :5:5 Vtzntcgx!

Hùkc`catnthla l tbcvc hahthnth}cv hv n fl``la uzhlzhtx zc~shzhag nfth}hthcv nt nkkkc}ckv? tbc Cszlucna Sahla+ nv wckk nv anthlank+ zcghlank nad klfnk nstblzhthcv!

Tc nfth}hthcv nh`cd nt vtzcagtbcahag cflal`hf gzlwtb ha Cszluc nzc nkvl lac

l tbc uzhlzhthcv l tbc Ulkhvb Uzcvhdcafx l tbc CS Flsafhk! Tcx caflùnvv hatcz nkhn

dccucahag tbc Vhagkc @nzict+ flùkcthag htv lz`nthla nad svhag Cszlucna jsdgct

tl hùzl}c Cszlucna flùcthth}cacvv "@skthanthlank Mhanafhnk Mzn`cwlzi ncz

:5>6(! Tcvc clztv nkvl hafksdc tbc hahthnth}cv nh`cd nt madhag acw vlszfcv

l Cszlucna gzlwtb nad wckk-jchag l Cszlucna vlfhctx+ wbhfb bn}c jcca dczh}cd

zl` htv sah~sc cruczhcafcv nad zcvlszfcv!Tc icx zcvlszfc hascafhag Cszlucna flùcthth}cacvv hv hatckkcftsnk fnuhtnk!

Tc hùlztnafc l tbc skk svc l hatckkcftsnk fnuhtnk lz flùcthth}cacvv l Cszlucna

cflal`x wnv sadczkhacd jx tbc Flùcthth}cacvv Flsafhk "ha Lftljcz :5>5(

nad tbc Cszlucna Flsafhk "ha Mcjzsnzx :5>>(! Thv tluhf wnv nkvl dhvfsvvcd dszhag

tbc `hahvtczhnk flaczcafc uzcfcdhag halz`nk `ccthag l tbc Flùcthth}cacvv

Flsafhk+ wbhfb wnv lzgnahvcd ha Oskx :5>> ha Vlult! Dszhag tbc flaczcafc+ cathtkcd

Hatckkcftsnk fnuhtnk fzcnth}c hùnft+ n }czx hatczcvthag nad havuhzhag dhvfsvvhla

wnv bckd njlst hatckkcftsnk fnuhtnk ha tbc flatcrt l `ldczahnthla l sah}czvhthcv+fllucznthla l vfhcafc nad jsvhacvv nad `ljhkhtx l zcvcnzfbczv! Tc dhvfsvvhla wnv

nttcadcd jx bhgb kc}ck zcuzcvcatnth}cv l nd`hahvtznthla+ jsvhacvv nad nfndc`hn+

ha unzthfsknz @zv! @! Gclgbcgna-^shaa+ tbc Fl``hvvhlacz lz Zcvcnzfb nad

Haal}nthla+ Uzl! K! Jlzxvhcwhf+ ]hfc-Fbnafckklz l Fn`jzhdgc Sah}czvhtx+ @z! Jca

]czwnnxca+ FCL l Nkfntck-Ksfcat nad Uzlcvvlz V! Jcztlksffh+ Dhzcftlz ha FCZA!

Tc nh` l tbc Uzhlzhtx tbc skk svc l Cszlucv hatckkcftsnk fnuhtnk hv tl vtzcagtbca

Cszlucna hatcgznthla tbzlsgb nfth}hthcv hùzl}hag flbcvhla nad vxaczgx jctwcca

ulkhfhcv nad hahthnth}cv l tbc Cszlucna Sahla+ nv wckk nv tl sadczkhac tbc zlkcl zcvcnzfb nad haal}nthla ha jshkdhag `ldcza Cszlucna vlfhctx! @ldcza Cszluc

zc~shzcv fnzzxhag lst zcvcnzfb nad hatzldsfhag haal}nthla+ wbhfb nddzcvv gkljnk

fbnkkcagcv nad nfhkhtntc tbc hafzcnvc l flùcthth}cacvv nad haal}nth}cacvv l mz`v

ha Cszluc! @lzcl}cz+ tbc skk svc l hatckkcftsnk fnuhtnk hafksdcv nfth}c cagngc`cat

l nkk Cszlucna zcghlav nad flsatzhcv ha vsuulzthag zcvcnzfb nad haal}nthla

tl dcfzcnvc tbc dhvunzhthcv ha tbc kc}ck l haal}nth}cacvv jctwcca tbc vtzlagcvt zcghlav

nad tbc fntfbhag-su zcghlav!

Tc dcjntc la tbc skk svc l Cszlucv hatckkcftsnk fnuhtnk hv alw bckd la `naxlzs`v l tbc Cszlucna Sahla+ ha unzthfsknz ha tbc mckdv l tbc `ldczahnthla


37/421

67Tbc Icx Zlkc lm Hatck kcftsn k Fnuhtnk ha tbc Uzlfcvv lm @ldczahnthla

l sah}czvhthcv+ unztaczvbhuv ha tbc nzcnv l zcvcnzfb nad haal}nthla+ fzcnth}c nad

fsktsznk flùctcafcv+ `ljhkhtx l zcvcnzfbczv nad xlstb!

Htv unzthfsknzkx hùlztnat tbnt tbc dcjntc la tbc skk svc l Cszlucv hatckkcftsnkfnuhtnk nad Cszlucna hatcgznthla nv acw vlszfcv l gzlwtb hv fladsftcd la `nax

dhczcat lzs`v! Tc gzcnt crnùkc l tbhv hv tbc flaczcafc Cszlucna hatcgznthla

uzlfcvv ha tbc acw gkljnk nad zcghlank vctthagv! N`lag tbc hvvscv `cathlacd

ha uzcvcatnthlav nad unuczv uzcvcatcd dszhag tbc flaczcafc tbczc nzc `nax hùlztnat

tluhfv zckntcd tl vlfhnk zclz`v+ manafhnk vxvtc`v+ caczgx ulkhfx nad zcghlank ulkhfx!

Tcx uzcvcat blw flùkcr tbc uzlfcvv l Cszlucna hatcgznthla hv! Tc uzcvcafc

l vsfb c`hacat Nstblzv nkvl flamz`v tbnt tbc dcjntc njlst Cszlucna hatcgznthla

hv vthkk hùlztnat nad tluhfnk!


38/421


39/421

Gznxan Bcafkcwvin/

Blw tl Cabnafc Gzlwtb ha tbcFlatcrt lm tbcCszluc :5:5 Vtzntcgx

Mhzvt l nkk H wlskd khic tl tbnai tbc lzgnahvczv lz ha}hthag `c bczc tldnx! Nv wc nkk

ialw+ Ulknadv mzvt CS Flsafhk Uzcvhdcafx tnicv uknfc ha n vucfhnk uczhld lz jltb

Ulknad nad Cszluc+ la nfflsat l tbc cflal`hf nad manafhnk hùnftv l tbc laglhagfzhvhv!

Ha nfflzdnafc whtb tbc Cszluc :5:5 Vtzntcgx+ wc nkk wnat tbc CS tl jcfl`c

n v`nzt+ vsvtnhanjkc nad hafksvh}c cflal`x! Jst lac l tbc fladhthlav lz nfbhc}hag

tbcvc ljocfth}cv hv tbc ccfth}c fllzdhanthla l @c`jcz Vtntcv cflal`hf ulkhfhcv+

nv uszvscd ha khac whtb tbc vl-fnkkcd Cszlucna Vc`cvtcz flafcut!

Blwc}cz+ ht hv l tbc st`lvt hùlztnafc tbnt wc uszvsc na cflal`hf ulkhfx tbnt

whkk+ la tbc lac bnad+ cavszc zcdsfthlav ha @c`jcz Vtntcv jsdgct dcmfhtv+ nad+

la tbc ltbcz+ whkk vcci lst acw vlszfcv l flùcthth}c nd}natngc!@lzc tbna naxtbhag+ tbc CS accdv nffszntc hdcathmfnthla l luulztsahthcv nad

tbzcntv+ vl tbnt ht fna tnic nuuzluzhntc uzc}cath}c nad uzl-nfth}c `cnvszcv+ ha lzdcz

tl cavszc vtnjkc lsadnthlav lz tbc gzlwtb nad dc}cklu`cat nvuhznthlav l uzcvcat

nad stszc gcacznthlav!

/

Gznxan Bcafkcwvin hv Sadczvcfzctnzx l Vtntc ha tbc @hahvtzx l Cflal`x ha tbcgl}cza`cat l Dlankd svi! Jclzc+ vbc wlzicd ha @hahvtzx l Cflal`x nv tbc dhzcftlz

l tbc Dcunzt`cat l Nankxvhv nad Mlzcfnvthag!


40/421

45 Gznxan Bcafkcwvin

Ha tbhv flatcrt+ tbc Uzcvhdcafx vccv tbc accd lz vczhlsv dhvfsvvhla l tbc

`ctbldv jx wbhfb Cszlucna cflal`hf ulkhfx hv uszvscd+ nad c`czghag gkljnkhvnthla

fbnkkcagcv zcvuladcd tl!Dszhag `x vblzt vuccfb+ H wlskd khic tl lfsv la lac l tbc Cszluc :5:5 vtzntcgxv

ljocfth}cv+ an`ckx v`nzt gzlwtb! Tc nfzlax` V@NZ hv lca svcd lz vctthag

tnzgctv! Ht fna jc zcnd nv Vucfhmf+ @cnvsznjkc+ Ngzccd sula+ Zcnkhvthf nad h`c-jnvcd!

ldnx H wlskd khic tl uzlulvc tl xls n acw nuuzlnfb tl tbc sadczvtnadhag l tbc

V@NZ nfzlax`+ wbhfb ha tbhv fnvc hv zcnd nv lkklwv?

Mhzvt+ V hv lz vlszfcv l gzlwtb

Tc Ulkhvb Uzcvhdcafx bnv hahthntcd n dcjntc la gzlwtb+ nad bnv lfsvcd CS nfth}hthcv

la ht+ jx usjkhvbhag la =tb

Lftljcz htv zculzt Tlwnzdv n Cszlucna flavcavsvla gzlwtb! Thv zculzt vsggcvtv hùkc`cathag vckcftcd hahthnth}cv ha?

Bs`na fnuhtnk+

Tc Vhagkc @nzict+

Tc V@C vcftlz+

Haznvtzsftszc+

Cszlucna ca}hzla`catnk ulkhfx+

Cszlucna zcghlank ulkhfx+

nad Crtczank vlszfcv l gzlwtb!

Nmcz V lz vlszfcv l gzlwtb+ wc bn}c @ lz `nangc`cat

Lsz vtzsggkcv tl l}czfl`c tbc fzhvhv bn}c vl nz lfsvcd la zclz`hag cflal`hf

gl}czanafc+ nad tbc CS alw bnv ulwczsk tllkv jx wbhfb tl cabnafc cflal`hf

ulkhfx fllzdhanthla+ nad cavszc tbnt zc~shzcd `cnvszcv tl uskk Cszluc lst l fzhvhv

nzc tnica!

N fzsfhnk vtcu wnv knvt `latbv halz`nk `ccthag l tbc CFLMHA Flsafhk+

nt wbhfb tbc unfingc lm vhr kcghvknth}c uzlulvnkv la cflal`hf gl}czanafc wnvngzccd! Thv whkk uzl}hdc lz tbc bhgbcz dcgzcc l vsz}chkknafc nad fllzdhanthla tbnt

hv vl `sfb accdcd tl cavszc vsvtnhanjkc usjkhf manafcv!

Kctv alw gl tl tbc acrt kcttcz l tbc V@NZ flafcut tl N lz n`jhthla

Vtzcagtbcahag CS gzlwtb nad flùcthth}cacvv zc~shzcv n bhgb kc}ck l n`jhthla+

nt jltb anthlank nad CS kc}ckv! Tc Cszlucna cflal`x hv alw flùcthag+ alt lakx

whtb tbc SV+ jst nkvl whtb tbc dxan`hf c`czghag cflal`hcv! Wc nkk accd n ulkhthfnk

fl``ht`cat nad hafzcnvcd lwaczvbhu h tbc glnkv l tbc Cszluc :5:5 vtzntcgx nzc tl

jc `ct! Ccfth}c `cnvszhag l uzlgzcvv nad `lahtlzhag l nfbhc}c`cat hv accdcd hazcknthla tl tbcvc ljocfth}cv+ vl flsatzx-vucfhmf zcfl``cadnthlav lz @c`jcz Vtntcv

`ndc ha tbc mzvt Cszlucna Vc`cvtcz vblskd jc hùkc`catcd whtblst dcknx!


41/421

4>Blw tl Cabnafc Gzlwtb ha tbc Flatcrt lm tbcCszluc :5:5 Vtzntcgx

Tc acrt kcttcz ncz N hv Z nv ha zcvulavhjhkhtx

Zhgbt alw+ wbca wc vcc uclukc la tbc vtzcctv tbnt cck crfksdcd "tbc vl-fnkkcd Nagzx

Lacv(+ ht hv fzhthfnk tbnt n vtzlag vhgank la tbc hùlztnafc l flkkcfth}c clzt vblskdjc gh}ca! Tc uzhlzhthcv lz sztbcz CS nfthla vblskd tbczclzc catnhk n vtzcagtbcahag

l fllucznth}c khaiv vl tbnt jzlnd vsuulzt lz tbc hùkc`catnthla l Cszluc :5:5

vtzntcgx ljocfth}cv fna jc jshkt! Nuuzluzhntc hdcathmfnthla l fbnkkcagcv+ nv wckk nv tbc

uzl}hvhla l n vunfc lz tbc crfbnagc l ialwkcdgc nad cruczhcafcv jctwcca n whdc

znagc l vtnicblkdczv+ whkk vtzcagtbca tbc ccftv l vxaczghcv jctwcca hadh}hdsnk CS

ulkhfhcv! Ht whkk nkvl hafzcnvc lwaczvbhu lz tbc vsffcvv l tbc Cszluc :5:5 vtzntcgx!

Tc ckc`cat tbnt fl`cv knvt+ jst alt kcnvt hv T lz tzsvt

Njl}c nkk+ wc `svt zcjshkd fladcafc+ fzcdhjhkhtx nad tzsvt ha tbc zcgskntlzv nad`nzictv! Tczc accdv tl jc hatcavh}c wlzi tl fbnagc tbc fsktszc l `stsnk zcknthlav

jctwcca usjkhf nstblzhthcv nad `nzict unzthfhunatv+ whtb n }hcw tl glld gl}czanafc

jchag uszvscd! Jclzc lsz cxcv+ n acw vlfhnk nad cflal`hf lzdcz hv dc}ckluhag!

Tc fbnkkcagc hv tl cruklht tbc ulvvhjhkhthcv tbhv gh}cv tl hafzcnvc tznavunzcafx nad

tzsvt zchalzfc`cat! Ha unzthfsknz+ ht hv hùlztnat lz sv tl nuukx nuuzluzhntc zhvi

`nangc`cat `ldckv+ ha lzdcz tl sadczvtnad tbc dxan`hfv l `nzictv nad cavszc

na ndc~sntc nad vwh zcvulavc tl nhkszcv!

Alw+ H bluc tbnt xls bn}c lsad tbc njl}c`cathlacd ckc`catv l tbc acwV@NZ flafcut hatczcvthag! Tc cflal`hf fzhvhv fnaalt jc nkklwcd tl tsza hatl

n fzhvhv lz tbc CS flafcut+ wblvc }czx cvvcafc hv fllucznthla+ vlkhdnzhtx nad vbnzcd

zcvulavhjhkhtx lz Cszluc!

Ht hv tbczclzc hùlztnat tbnt wc fbllvc tbc zhgbt fl`jhanthla l `cnvszcv+

ha lzdcz tl l}czfl`c tbc fzhvhv nad jshkd n vtzlag nad `lzc dh}czvc cflal`x tbnt

hv zcvhkhcat tl stszc vblfiv+ nad lucav su acw luulztsahthcv tl svc tbc ultcathnk

lz fllucznthla nad fzcnth}htx nad fzcntc vbnzcd }nksc!


42/421


43/421

Dl`hahi Vljfzni/>

Cszlucna Sahla Mzn`cwlziUzlgzn``cv mlz Zcvcnzfbnad C}lksthla lm Msadhagmlz Vlfhnk Vfhcafcv nad Bs`nahthcv

>! Hatzldsfthla

Thv nzthfkc nh`v nt uzcvcathag tbc c}lksthla l Cszlucna kc}ck sadhag l zcvcnzfb+

hafksdhag htv `ngahtsdc+ vfluc nv wckk nv fbnaghag nuuzlnfbcv nad uzhlzhthcv+ jltb

l}cznkk nad ha tbc nzcn l vlfhnk vfhcafcv nad bs`nahthcv ha unzthfsknz!

/ Dl`hahi Vljfni blkdv n dcgzcc ha Mhanafc nad Jnaihag nv wckk nv n dcgzcc ha CszlucnaVtsdhcv+ jltb zl` Wnzvnw Vfbllk l Cflal`hfv zl` wbhfb bc gzndsntcd ha :556 nadwbczc bc kntcz wlzicd nv na nfndc`hf lz twl xcnzv! Vhafc :553 bc wlziv nt tbc CszlucnaFl``hvvhla ha tbc DhzcftlzntcGcacznk lz Zcvcnzfb nad Haal}nthla nv n vfhcathmf l fczha tbc Vlfhlcflal`hf Vfhcafcv nad Bs`nahthcv Uzlgzn``c wbczc bc hv uzh`nzhkx zcvulavhjkclz zcvcnzfb ha manafc+ `nfzlcflal`hfv+ dc`lgznubx nad flzulzntc vlfhnk zcvulavhjhkhtx!

Tc }hcwv cruzcvvcd ha tbhv nzthfkc nzc vlkc zcvulavhjhkhtx l tbc nstblz nad dlalt acfcvvnzhkx zccft tbc }hcwv l tbc Cszlucna Fl``hvvhla alz cagngc tbc CszlucnaFl``hvvhla ha nax wnx!


44/421

44 Dl`hahi Vljfzni

Ha tbc mzvt unzt ht dhvfsvvcv tbc ulkhfx jnfigzlsad nad `nolz cntszcv l nkk

bhtbcztl zn`cwlzi uzlgzn``cv+ vhafc tbc mzvt lac ha tbc >825v tl tbc vc}catb

vfbcdskcd tl cad ha :5>6! Nt tbc vn`c th`c ht gh}cv na lstklli hatl tbc stszc whtbn vblzt uzcvcatnthla l nolz cntszcv l tbc Blzhla :5:5+ n acw zcvcnzfb uzlgzn``c

lz tbc acrt CS manafhnk uczvucfth}c! Ht unxv unzthfsknz nttcathla tl icx `l`catv

ha Cszlucna hatcgznthla nv wckk nv icx ulkhthfnk dc}cklu`catv wbhfb vbnucd tbc CS

zcvcnzfb ngcadn! Ht dhvfsvvcv tbc sadczkxhag nftlzv kcndhag tl vsjvtnathnk hafzcnvc

l Cszlucna kc}ck sadhag lz vfhcafc l}cz tbc xcnzv! Ht uzcvcatv tbc c}lk}hag znthlankc

jcbhad tbc CS zcvcnzfb sadhag nv wckk nv dcvfzhjcv blw acw uzlgzn``cv wczc

dcvhgacd jnvcd la n fl`jhanthla l flathashtx nad al}cktx!

Tc vcflad unzt hv dcdhfntcd tl tbc c}lksthla l sadhag lz vlfhnk vfhcafcv nadbs`nahthcv sadcz tbc dhczcat zn`cwlzi uzlgzn``cv zl` tbc `l`cat wbca

tbc CS zcfch}cd n fkcnz `nadntc l tbc @c`jcz Vtntcv tl tnic su vsfb zcvcnzfb!

Thv unzt whkk nkvl dc`lavtzntc tbc c}lksthla l CS sadhag ha tbhv mckd nad whkk

fbnznftczhvc nha uzhlzhthcv l cnfb l tbc uzlgzn``cv! Ht hv n tcvth`lax l dc}ckluhag

zcvcnzfb nfth}hthcv ha VVB tbzlsgb tbc knvt twl dcfndcv tl nddzcvv vlfhlcflal`hf

fbnkkcagcv nfhag Cszluc nad zcvulad tl dccucahag l Cszlucna hatcgznthla+

gkljnkhvnthla nad `ldczahvnthla l tbc cflal`x nad laglhag vtzsftsznk fbnagcv

ha tbc vlfhctx nv wckk nv c}lksthla l hatczanthlank zcknthlav!

:! C}lksthla lm zcvcnzfb ulkhfx nt tbc CS kc}ck

Tc Cszlucna Sahlav zcvcnzfb ulkhfx hv nv lkd nv tbc Cszlucna uzlocft htvck!

Tc hahthnk ckc`catv nuucnzcd whtb tbc fzcnthla l tbc Cszlucna Fl``sahtx+ nt tbccad l tbc >835v! Ha unzthfsknz+ tbc Cszlucna Flnk nad Vtcck Fl``sahtx nad Cszntl`

tzcnthcv hafksdcd uzl}hvhlav lz zcvcnzfb ha tbc mckdv l flnk nad vtcck+ nad asfkcnz

caczgx zcvucfth}ckx! Tc tbhzd tzcntx+ vctthag su tbc Cszlucna Cflal`hf Fl``sahtx+

dhd alt hafksdc naxtbhag khic tbhv! Blwc}cz+ lac l htv gcacznk nzthfkcv nkklwcd lz

tbc knsafb+ dszhag tbc >8=5v nad >875v+ l n fcztnha as`jcz l zcvcnzfb uzlgzn``cv

ha nzcnv flavhdczcd nv uzhlzhthcv nt tbc th`c+ khic lz crn`ukc caczgx+ ca}hzla`cat

nad jhltcfbalklgx YNadz :557P!

Tc hdcn tl fzcntc n zn`cwlzi uzlgzn``c nuucnzcd lakx ha tbc jcghaahagl tbc >825v ha lzdcz tl nddzcvv tbc uzlsvhla l zcvcnzfb nfth}hthcv nt Fl``sahtx

kc}ck jx ustthag tbc` tlgctbcz sadcz n vhagkc zn`cwlzi uknaacd lz n cdhs`tcz`


45/421

43Cszlucna Sahla Mzn`cwlzi Uzlgzn``cv mlz Zcvcnzfb nad C}lksthla lm Msadhag mlz Vlfhnk!!!

nad tbczclzc zcvskthag ha n jsdgct fl}czhag vc}cznk xcnzv zntbcz tbna osvt lac!

Ha ccft+ tbc >vt Mzn`cwlzi Uzlgzn``c wnv knsafbcd+ fl}czhag tbc uczhld >824>827

nad whtb n jsdgct l 6!73 ja!Vhafc tbc knsafb l tbc >vt Mzn`cwlzi Uzlgzn``c ">824>827(+ zcvcnzfb sadhag

nt Fl``sahtx kc}ck flavhvtcatkx gnhacd ha h`ulztnafc+ jltb ha tcz`v l hafzcnvhag

vfluc+ nv wckk nv gzlwhag jsdgct! Mhgszc > uzcvcatv na l}cz}hcw l tbc c}lksthla l tbc

Mzn`cwlzi Uzlgzn``c jsdgct l}cz tbc xcnzv+ jltb ha njvlkstc tcz`v nad naasnkkx+

hafksdhag tbc jsdgct lz tbc Cszntl` Mzn`cwlzi Uzlgzn``c! Ht hv fkcnz tbnt whtb

cnfb dcfndc CS zcvcnzfb sadhag hafzcnvcd }czx vsjvtnathnkkx zl` nzlsad > ja

n xcnz nt tbc cad l >825v+ tbzlsgb nk`lvt 6 ja nt tbc cad l tbc >885v tl fklvc tl

2 ja nt tbc cad l tbc mzvt dcfndc l tbc :>vt Fcatszx! Tc fszzcat Fl``hvvhlajsdgct uzlulvnk lz tbc acrt Mzn`cwlzi Uzlgzn``c+ fnkkcd Blzhla :5:5+ flathascv

tbhv tzcad! H ht hv nffcutcd+ CS kc}ck zcvcnzfb sadhag whkk zcnfb l}cz >> ja ucz

naas` jx :5:5!

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ltnk jsdgct N}czngc naasnk jsdgct

Mhgszc >! C}lksthla l tbc Mzn`cwlzi Uzlgzn``c sadhag ">824:5:5+ ha jhkkhla cszl(n Tc mgszc zcczv tl tbc :8,5=,:5>> Fl``hvvhla uzlulvnk lz n jsdgct lz BLZH_LA :5:5+ tbc vsffcvvlz tl tbc

7tb Mzn`cwlzi Uzlgzn``c+ whtbha tbc @skthnaasnk Mhanafhnk Mzn`cwlzi :5>4:5:5!

Vlszfcv? FLZDHV nad DG Zcvcnzfb nad Haal}nthla+ Cszlucna Fl``hvvhla!

Wbca tbc >vt

Mzn`cwlzi Uzlgzn``c wnv fzcntcd+ blwc}cz+ zcvcnzfb ulkhfx ntFl``sahtx kc}ck vthkk bnd al kcgnk jnvhv ha tbc zcntx! Vfhcafc jcfn`c n Fl``sahtx

zcvulavhjhkhtx lakx ncz tbc Vhagkc Cszlucna Nft+ ndlutcd ha >82=+ hatzldsfcd


46/421


47/421


tcfbalklgx fl`ulacatv sadcz Khc vfhcafcv nad tcfbalklghcv nad Ca}hzla`cat!

Mzl` tbc jsdgct uczvucfth}c+ 7=# l sadhag sadcz MU6 wnv dcdhfntcd+ ha jzlnd

tcz`v+ tl dc}cklu`cat l tcfbalklghcv YMzn`cwlzi Uzlgzn``c l Fl``sahtx>885>884P!

Hamlz`nthla

nad fl``sahfnthlav

tcfbalklghcv

62!>#

Hadsvtzhnk

`ntczhnkv

nad tcfbalklghcv

>3!6#

Ca}hzla`cat

2!8#

Khmc vfhcafcv

nad tcfbalklghcv

>:!7#

Caczgx

>=!>#

Bs`na fnuhtnk

nad ljhkhtx

2!8#

Mhgszc :! MU6 jsdgct jzcnidlwa hatl vhr khacv l nfthla

Vlszfc? Lwa fnkfsknthlav jnvcd la FLZDHV!

N }czx vhgahmfnat vtcu lzwnzd ha tbc 4tb Mzn`cwlzi Uzlgzn``c ">884>882(+nunzt zl` dlsjkhag l tbc jsdgct tl >6!: ja lz m}c xcnzv+ wnv n vhgahmfnatkx `lzc

`skthdhvfhukhanzx dcvhga! C}ca tblsgb tbc Uzlgzn``c `nhatnhacd n vhgahmfnatlfsv la tcfbalklgx dc}cklu`cat+ alatcfbalklghfnk zcvcnzfb gnhacd gzlsad! MU4

wnv vtzsftszcd dhczcatkx tbna htv uzcdcfcvvlz! Tczc wczc lsz nfth}hthcv+ tbc mzvt

l wbhfb Zcvcnzfb+ tcfbalklghfnk dc}cklu`cat nad dc`lavtznthla uzlgzn``cv

fl`uzhvcd nkk zcvcnzfb nfth}hthcv nad tlli 27# l tbc jsdgct! Tc zcvcnzfb nfth}hthcv

wczc vukht hatl nv `sfb nv >3 dhczcat uzlgzn``cv! Tc ltbcz tbzcc nfth}hthcv wczc

dcdhfntcd tl fllucznthla whtb tbhzd flsatzhcv nad hatczanthlank lzgnahvnthlav "4!6#(+

dhvvc`hanthla nad luth`hvnthla l zcvsktv ":!7#( nv wckk nv tznhahag nad `ljhkhtx

l zcvcnzfbczv "=#(! Tc mzvt twl l tblvc nfth}hthcv nzc acw+ wbhkc tbc tbhzd lac hvn flathasnthla l tbc tbhzd bcndhag zl` MU6! Mhgszc 6 uzcvcatv tbc jsdgct jzcnidlwa

n`lag tbcvc zcvcnzfb uzlgzn``cv!


48/421

42 Dl`hahi Vljfzni

Mhgszc 6! Jsdgct jzcnidlwa l MU4

Vlszfc? Lwa fnkfsknthlav jnvcd la Tc Mlsztb Mzn`cwlzi Uzlgzn``c+ FLZDHV!

@lvt l tbc zcvcnzfb uzlgzn``cv sadcz MU4 nzc n dhzcft flathasnthla l tbc

m}c zcvcnzfb lzhcatcd khacv l nfthla zl` MU6 sadcz tbc mzvt twl bcndhagv! Wbca

wc zcgzlsu tbc` hatl tbcvc knzgc fntcglzhcv wc fna vcc tbnt lakx twl zcvcnzfb

uzlgzn``cv nzc acw tznavulzt nad tnzgctcd vlfhlcflal`hf zcvcnzfb! Nv lz tbcltbczv+ HF tnic su :7!2# l tbc tltnk jsdgct+ hadsvtzhnk tcfbalklghcv nad `ntczhnkv

>=!:#+ ca}hzla`cat 2!2#+ khc vfhcafcv nad tcfbalklghcv >:!8#+ nad caczgx >2!6#!

Wbca fl`unzcd tl MU6+ nkk nzcnv `nhatnhacd `lzc lz kcvv tbchz jsdgct vbnzc nunzt

zl` HF wbhfb wnv zcdsfcd jx >> uczfcatngc ulhatv nad ht hv uzcdl`hanatkx nt tbc

crucavc l tbhv nzcn "tbc knzgcvt lac ha MU6 nad vthkk tbc knzgcvt ha MU4( tbnt acw

nfth}hthcv wczc sadcd!

Tc jnvhf vtzsftszc l tbc 3tb Mzn`cwlzi Uzlgzn``c ">882:55:(+ wbhfb caolxcd

lakx n vkhgbt jsdgct hafzcnvc l}cz htv uzcdcfcvvlz tl >4!8= ja lz m}c xcnzv+ wnvn flathasnthla l tbc dcvhga zl` MU4! Ngnha tbczc wczc lsz nfth}hthcv+ tbc mzvt lac

l wbhfb hafksdcd lsz tbc`nthf uzlgzn``cv+ wbhkc tbc zc`nhahag tbzcc flatnhacd

Hamlz`nthla

tcfbalklghcv>3!2#

Tckc`nthfv

=!8#

Fl``sahfnthla

tcfbalklghcv

3!>#

Hadsvtzhnk nad ntczhnk

tcfbalklghcv

>6!8#

Vtnadnzdv+

`cnvszc`cat nad

tcvthag

:!6#

Ca}hzla`cat nad

fkh`ntc

=!8#

@nzhac vfhcafcv nad

tcfbalklghcv

>!2#

Jhltcfbalklghcv

4!3#

Jhl`cdhfhac nad

bcnktb

:!2#

Ngzhfsktszc nad

mhvbczhcv

3!=#

Ala asfkcnz caczgx

2!>#

Asfkcnz mhvvhla vnmctx

6!6#

Flatzlkkcd

tbcz`lasfkcnz msvvhla

=!2#

Tznavulzt

:!5#

Tnzgctcd vlfhl-

cflal`hf zcvcnzfb

>!>#Nfth}hthcv :-4

>6!5#


49/421


blzhlatnk uzlgzn``cv vh`hknz ha vfluc tl tblvc zl` MU4! Ha nddhthla tl tbnt+

n vucfhmf jsdgct wnv vct nvhdc lz tbc Olhat Zcvcnzfb Fcatzc! N `nolz vtzsftsznk

haal}nthla khcd ha tbc nft tbnt tbc`nthf uzlgzn``cv wczc al klagcz dhvfhukhac-fcatzhf jst flavhvtcd l icx nfthlav wbhfb wczc uzljkc lzhcatcd nad wczc crucftcd

tl jc nddzcvvcd tbzlsgb n fl`jhanthla l dhczcat dhvfhukhacv nad nfth}hthcv! Mhgszc

4 uzcvcatv tbc jsdgct jzcnidlwa l MU3!

^snkhtx lm khmc

nad nangc`cat

lm kh}hag zcvlszfcv

>=!>#

Svcz-mzhcadkx

hamlz`nthla vlfhctx

:4!>#

Flùcthth}c nad

vsvtnhanjkc gzlwtb

>2!>#

Caczgx+ca}hzla`cat

nad vsvtnhanjkc

dc}cklu`cat

:5!7#

Flamhz`hag

tbc hatczanthla zlkc

lm Fl``sahtx

zcvcnzfb

6!:#

Uzl`lthlalm haal}nthla

nad caflszngc`cat

lm unzthfhunthla

lm V@Cv

:!4#

Hùzl}hag bs`na

zcvcnzfb ultcathnk

nad tbc

vlfhl-cflal`hf

ialwkcdgc jnvc

2!=#

Olhat Zcvcnzfb

Fcatzc

=!2#

Mhgszc 4! Jsdgct jzcnidlwa l MU3

Vlszfc? Mhb Mzn`cwlzi Uzlgzn``c+ Jsdgct dhvtzhjsthla+ FLZDHV!

Tc uzljkc`lzhcatcd dcvhga `cnat nkvl tbnt tbc wblkc uzlgzn``c wnv `sfb

kcvv dzh}ca jx tcfbalklghfnk dc}cklu`cat+ jst zntbcz jx kllihag lz vlksthlav tl

fl``la uzljkc`v nad fbnkkcagcv! Fcztnhakx n klt l tcfbalklgxlzhcatcd zcvcnzfb

wnv sadcd+ jst ht wnv hatcgzntcd jcttcz hatl n lzc gcacznk vlfhlcflal`hf flatcrt!

Whtbha tbc vfluc l tbc uzlgzn``c lac fna nkvl hdcathx twl flùkctckx acw

ckc`catv? n jsdgct lz tbc Olhat Zcvcnzfb Fcatzc cathzckx vcunzntcd zl` tbc ltbcz

nfth}hthcv+ nad n acw nfth}htx lfsvcd la V@Cv!Tzcc nolz ulkhthfnk vtzntcghcv dc}cklucd ha :555 nad :55: kcd tl tbc flafcuthla

l tbc =tb Mzn`cwlzi Uzlgzn``c ":55::55=( jcfl`hag htv flzaczvtlacv nad


50/421

35 Dl`hahi Vljfzni

vbnuhag htv vtzsftszc nad ljocfth}cv! Ha @nzfb :555 tbc Cszlucna Flsafhk Vs``ht

bckd ha Khvjla vct na ljocfth}c tl `nic tbc Cszlucna Sahla tbc `lvt flùcthth}c

nad dxan`hf ialwkcdgcjnvcd cflal`x ha tbc wlzkd jx :5>5 nad knsafbcd wbntjcfn`c ialw nv tbc Khvjla Vtzntcgx! Thv wnv hatczuzctcd nv zc~shzhag lfsvcd

fl``sahtxwhdc ha}cvt`cat ha zcvcnzfb+ nad tbc hùzl}c`cat l haal}nthla nad

catzcuzcacszvbhu!

Nt tbc vn`c th`c+ ha Onasnzx :555+ tbc Fl``hvvhla uzlulvcd tl fzcntc tbc

Cszlucna Zcvcnzfb Nzcn "CZN(! Ht wnv dcvfzhjcd jx htv `nha nzfbhtcft Ubhkhuuc

Jsv~sha+ tbc Fl``hvvhlacz lz Zcvcnzfb nt tbnt th`c+ ha tbc lkklwhag wlzdv?

Tc dc}cklu`cat+ nt Cszlucna kc}ck+ l na nzcn lz tbc flbczcat nad fllzdhantcd

uszvsht l zcvcnzfb nfth}hthcv nad ulkhfhcv+ nad na nzcn ha wbhfb zcvcnzfbczv nadialwkcdgc `l}c zcckx whkk caflszngc tbc cruzcvvhla l Cszlucna crfckkcafc

ha vc}cznk wnxv? Mhzvt+ jx `nihag ht ulvvhjkc tl cvtnjkhvb n fzhthfnk `nvv l ultcathnk

crfckkcafc+ jx actwlzihag tbc fnunfhthcv uzcvcat ha dhczcat @c`jcz Vtntcv+

unzthfsknzkx tbzlsgb hatcavh}c svc l halz`nthla nad fl``sahfnthla tcfbalklghcv!

Vcflad+ jx zckcnvhag uclukc nad tcn`v zl` tbc uzltcfthla l anthlank jnzzhczv+

tbsv hatzldsfhag flùcththla nad hafzcnvhag tbc gcacznk kc}ck l crfckkcafc! Thzd+

jx nttznfthag tl Cszluc tbc jcvt zcvcnzfbczv zl` tbc zcvt l tbc wlzkd+ ha tbc vn`c

wnx tbnt N`czhfna fnùsvcv nzc fszzcatkx nttznfthag zcvcnzfbczv YVlszfc? MU= Vtcujx Vtcu+ FLZDHVP!

Tc tbhzd flzaczvtlac wnv tbc vlfnkkcd Jnzfcklan nzgct! Ha @nzfb :55: tbc CS

Bcndv l Vtntc nad Gl}cza`cat+ dszhag tbc Vs``ht bckd ha Jnzfcklan+ ngzccd la na

ljocfth}c tl hafzcnvc crucadhtszc la Z-D nad haal}nthla ha tbc CS tl 6# l GDU

jx :5>5 ha lzdcz tl fklvc tbc gnu ha Z-D nad haal}nthla uczlz`nafc jctwcca tbc

CS nad htv `nolz flùcthtlzv!

Nkk tbcvc tbzcc ulkhfx dc}cklu`catv `cnat lac tbhag tbnt tbczc hv n accd

tl vsjvtnathnkkx vtzcagtbca nad zclzgnahvc tbc CS Mzn`cwlzi Uzlgzn``c!Nv n zcvskt+ MU= zcfch}cd vl`c 65# lzc lacx ucz xcnz tbna htv uzcdcfcvvlz nad ht wnv

zclzgnahvcd ha vsfb n wnx tl vsuulzt dhzcftkx jshkdhag tbc CZN tbzlsgb hatcgznthag

Cszlucna zcvcnzfb "7=!2# l sadhag(+ nddzcvvhag htv vtzsftsznk wcniacvvcv ">4!8#

l sadhag( nad vth`sknthag tbc flbczcat dc}cklu`cat l zcvcnzfb nad haal}nthla

ha Cszluc ">!2# l sadhag(! Nunzt zl` tbnt+ asfkcnz zcvcnzfb+ vsuulztcd tbzlsgb

Cszntl`+ zcfch}cd l}cz =!4# l sadhag!

Tc ljocfth}c Mlfsvhag nad hatcgznthag Fl``sahtx zcvcnzfb wnv dh}hdcd hatl

vc}ca vucfhmf tbc`cv tbnt wczc vcca nv vtzntcghfnkkx hùlztnat tl Cszlucv stszc!Tcx wczc dc}hvcd alt nklag tzndhthlank zcvcnzfb mckdv+ jst nv vtzntcghf tbc`cv tbnt

whkk jc nfbhc}cd tbzlsgb fl`jhanthlav l dhczcat vfhcathmf dhvfhukhacv! Ha nddhthla


51/421

3>Cszlucna Sahla Mzn`cwlzi Uzlgzn``cv mlz Zcvcnzfb nad C}lksthla lm Msadhag mlz Vlfhnk!!!

tl tbcvc vucfhmf tbc`cv tbc mzvt ljocfth}c hafksdcd tbzcc blzhlatnk nfth}hthcv "ulkhfx

vsuulzt+ zcvcnzfb ha}lk}hag V@Cv nad vsuulzt l hatczanthlank fllucznthla( nv wckk

nv alaasfkcnz nfth}hthcv l tbc Olhat Zcvcnzfb Fcatzc!Sadcz tbc vcflad ljocfth}c Vtzsftszhag tbc Cszlucna Zcvcnzfb Nzcn tbc

Fl``hvvhla vsuulztcd nfth}hthcv tl h`uzl}c Cszlucv haal}nthla uczlz`nafc+

tl vsuulzt dc}cklu`cat l wlzkdfknvv bs`na zcvlszfcv ha Cszlucna zcvcnzfb+ tl

dc}cklu zcvcnzfb haznvtzsftszcv+ nad tl cabnafc dhnklgsc jctwcca vfhcafc nad

vlfhctx! Tc tbhzd jklfi Vtzcagtbcahag tbc lsadnthlav l tbc Cszlucna Zcvcnzfb

Nzcn hafksdcd nfth}hthcv tl vsuulzt tbc fllzdhanthla l zcvcnzfb nfth}hthcv ha Cszluc

nad caflszngc flbczcat dc}cklu`cat l zcvcnzfb nad haal}nthla ulkhfhcv!

Khmc vfhcafcv+

gcal`hfv

nad jhltcfbalklgx

mlz bcnktb

>6!:#

Hamlz`nthla vlfhctx

tcfbalklghcv

:5!2#

Analtcfbalklghcv

nad analvfhcafcv+

ialwkcdgc-jnvcd

`skthmsafthlank

`ntczhnkv nad acw

uzldsfthla

uzlfcvvcv nad

dc}hfcv

7!3#Nczlansthfv

nad vunfc

=!:#Mlld ~snkhtx

nad vnmctx

6!8#

Vsvtnhanjkc

dc}cklu`cat+

gkljnk fbnagc

nad cflvxvtc`v

>:!:#

Fhthcav

nad gl}czanafc ha n

ialwkcdgc-jnvcd

vlfhctx

>!6#

Vucfhmhf nfth}hthcv

fl}czhag n whdcz

mhckd lm zcvcnzfb

7!4#

Ala-asfkcnz

nfth}hthcv lm tbc Olhat

Zcvcnzfb Fcatzc

4!4#

Vtzsftszhag tbc

Cszlucna Zcvcnzfb

Nzcn

>4!8#

Vtzcagtbcahag tbc

mlsadnthlav lm tbc

Cszlucna Zcvcnzfb

Nzcn

>!2#

Asfkcnz zcvcnzfb=!4#

Mhgszc 3! Jsdgct jzcnidlwa l MU=

Vlszfc? Vhrtb Mzn`cwlzi Uzlgzn``c+ Jsdgct dhvtzhjsthla+ FLZDHV!

Mhgszc 3 uzcvcatv tbc l}cznkk jsdgct jzcnidlwa l MU=! Ha `lvt tbc`nthf

nzcnv tbczc hv n fkcnz flathasnthla l tbc zcvcnzfb clzt l tbc uzc}hlsv zn`cwlzi

uzlgzn``cv whtb n acw mckd l zcvcnzfb la nczlansthfv nad vunfc nad na crunavhlal tcfbalklgx dzh}ca zcvcnzfb tl hafksdc analtcfbalklghcv nad analvfhcafcv!


52/421

3: Dl`hahi Vljfzni

Tc glnk l fzcnthag tbc Cszlucna Zcvcnzfb Nzcn wnv zccftcd ha tbhv Uzlgzn``c

ha twl wnxv! Mhzvt+ twl jklfiv l nfth}hthcv la vtzsftszhag nad vtzcagtbcahag tbc CZN

wczc nvvhgacd >=!73# l tbc tltnk sadhag+ wbhfb hv n }czx vhgahmfnat clzt! Vcflad+knzgc vfnkc uzlocftv wczc hatzldsfcd whtb tbc nh` tl jzhag `nax unztaczv zl`

nzlsad Cszluc tlgctbcz nad lvtcz tbchz dsznjkc hatcgznthla tbzlsgb olhat zcvcnzfb

nfth}hthcv nv wckk nv lzgnahvcd fl``sahfnthla nad crfbnagc l hadh}hdsnk wlzi!

Mlkklwhag la ulkhfx glnkv wbhfb knx jcbhad htv uzcdcfcvvlz+ an`ckx ljocfth}cv

l tbc Khvjla Vtzntcgx+ fzcnthla l tbc Cszlucna Zcvcnzfb Nzcn nad tbc Jnzfcklan

tnzgct+ tbc 7tb Mzn`cwlzi Uzlgzn``cv ":557:5>6( l}czzhdhag nh` hv tl flatzhjstctl tbc Sahla jcfl`hag tbc wlzkdv kcndhag zcvcnzfb nzcn YDcfhvhla l tbc Cszlucna

Unzkhn`cat :55=? K4>:,>P! l nfbhc}c tbhv ht wnv dcfhdcd tl dlsjkc tbc naasnkjsdgct l tbc Uzlgzn``c ha flùnzhvla tl MU= "wbhfb cnat nvvhgahag l}cz 33 ja

lz tbc vc}ca xcnz uczhld( nad dcvhga n flùzcbcavh}c vct l flùkc`catnzx nfth}hthcv

tbnt wlskd jllvt Cszlucna zcvcnzfb uczlz`nafc! Flavc~scatkx+ tbc icx ljocfth}cv

l tbc Uzlgzn``c nzc tl vsuulzt tznavanthlank fllucznthla nfzlvv tbc CS ha

n as`jcz l icx nzcnv+ cabnafc tbc dxan`hv`+ fzcnth}htx nad crfckkcafc l Cszlucna

zcvcnzfb nt tbc zlathcz l ialwkcdgc nv wckk nv vtzcagtbca bs`na ultcathnk ha

zcvcnzfb nad tcfbalklgx! Ha nddhthla tl tbnt vtzcagtbcahag zcvcnzfb nad haal}nthla

fnunfhthcv ha Cszluc zcfch}cd vucfhnk nttcathla! Tcvc ljocfth}cv wczc tznavkntcd hatllsz `nha txucv l nfth}hthcv lz`hag tbc MU7 flzc unztv? Fllucznthla wbczc `lvt

l flkknjlznth}c zcvcnzfb hv sadcd+ Hdcnv wbczc tbzlsgb tbc Cszlucna Zcvcnzfb

Flsafhk fstthag cdgc zcvcnzfb ha n }nvt znagc l dhvfhukhacv hv vsuulztcd+ Uclukc

wbczc `ljhkhtx l zcvcnzfbczv hv sadcd+ nad Fnunfhthcv wbczc zcvcnzfb fnunfhtx

jshkdhag hv vsuulztcd! Thv hv vsuukc`catcd whtb n jsdgct uzl}hvhla lz tbc Olhat

Zcvcnzfb Fcatzc nad lz asfkcnz zcvcnzfb sadcz Cszntl`!

Tnjkc >! Dhvtzhjsthla l MU7 jsdgct lz :557:5>6Uzlgzn``c

Jsdgct

hkkhla #

FLLUCZNHLA 6:!4>6 32!53

HDCNV 7!3>5 >6!43

UCLUKC 4!735 2!3>

FNUNFHHCV 4!587 7!64

OZF ) CSZNL@/ 7!5=: >:!=3

ltnk 33!26: >55!55/ Tc mgszc hafksdcv crtcavhla l tbc Cszntl` Mzn`cwlzi Uzlgzn``c tl :5>::5>6!

Vlszfc? DG Zcvcnzfb nad Haal}nthla+ Cszlucna Fl``hvvhla!


53/421


njkc > uzcvcatv tbc lzcvcca jsdgct lz cnfb l tbc dhczcat uzlgzn``cv whtb

32# l ht cnz`nzicd lz flkknjlznth}c zcvcnzfb ha tbc`nthf nzcnv flzzcvuladhag tl

`nolz mckdv l uzlgzcvv l ialwkcdgc nad tcfbalklgx whtb tbc nh` tl nddzcvv icxCszlucna vlfhnk+ cflal`hf+ ca}hzla`catnk+ usjkhf bcnktb nad hadsvtzhnk fbnkkcagcv!

Tc dhvtzhjsthla l sadhag nfzlvv tbcvc nzcnv hv uzcvcatcd ha Mhgszc =!

Bcnktb

>2!2#

Mlld+ Ngzhfsktszc

nad Mhvbczhcv+

nad Jhltcfbalklgx

=!5#

Hamlz`nthlanad Fl``sahfnthla

Tcfbalklghcv

:7!8#

Analvfhcafcv+

Analtcfbalklghcv+

@ntczhnkv

nad acw Uzldsfthla

Tcfbalklghcv

>5!7#

Caczgx

7!6#

Ca}hzla`cat

"hafksdhag Fkh`ntc

Fbnagc(

3!2#

Tznavulzt"hafksdhag

Nczlansthfv(

>:!2#

Vlfhl-cflal`hf

Vfhcafcv nad tbc

Bs`nahthcv

>!8#

Vunfc

4!4#Vcfszhtx

4!6#

Mhgszc =! Dhvtzhjsthla l sadhag ha tbc MU7 Fllucznthla Uzlgzn``c

Vlszfc? Cszlucna Fl``hvvhla!

Tc gzcnt al}cktx l MU7 hv tbc fzcnthla l tbc Cszlucna Zcvcnzfb Flsafhk "CZF(wblvc `hvvhla hv tl vsuulzt ha}cvthgntlzhahthntcd zlathcz zcvcnzfb nfzlvv nkk mckdv

l vfhcafc whtb n vlkc lfsv la vfhcathmf crfckkcafc! Tc nuuzlnfb tl nkklw zcvcnzfbczv

tl hdcathx acw luulztsahthcv nad dhzcfthlav ha nax mckd whtblst jchag kcd jx nax vct

uzhlzhthcv nad tl dhzcft nfth}hthcv tlwnzdv sadn`catnk nd}nafcv nt nad jcxlad tbc

zlathcz l ialwkcdgc hv nh`cd nt vth`sknthag acw nad sauzcdhftnjkc vfhcathmf nad

tcfbalklghfnk dhvfl}czhcv! Tc CZF sadhag hv dh}hdcd hatl tbzcc jzlnd nzcnv? khc

vfhcafcv "64# l sadhag(+ ubxvhfnk vfhcafcv "68#( nad vlfhnk vfhcafcv nad bs`nahthcv

">4#(! Ha nddhthla tl tbhv+ n althlank >6# hv cnz`nzicd lz hatczdhvfhukhanzx zcvcnzfb!MU7 nfth}hthcv alt bn}hag zcvcnzfb nv `nha lfsv nzc flafcatzntcd ha tbc Uclukc

nad Fnunfhthcv Uzlgzn``cv nad nzc tlgctbcz zcvulavhjkc lz fklvc tl >=# l tbc l}cznkk


54/421

34 Dl`hahi Vljfzni

jsdgct! Thv hv n flathasnthla l tbc MU= nfth}hthcv vtzsftszhag nad vtzcagtbcahag tbc

Cszlucna Zcvcnzfb Nzcn!

Tc zn`cwlzi uzlgzn``c lz tbc vc}ca xcnz manafhnk uczvucfth}c :5>4:5:5+ fnkkcd Blzhla :5:5+ nfflzdhag tl tbc Fl``hvvhla uzlulvnk l :8 Osac :5>>+hv uknaacd tl `nic naltbcz kcnu ha tbc CS kc}ck zcvcnzfb sadhag zcnfbhag l}cz

>> ja ucz xcnz! Htv nha ulkhfx lsadnthla hv tbc Cszluc :5:5 vtzntcgx whtb htv ngvbhu

hahthnth}cv+ ha unzthfsknz tbc fzcnthla l tbc Haal}nthla Sahla! Tc `nha hdcn jcbhad

tbc acw uzlgzn``c hv tl vct su n flùzcbcavh}c zcvcnzfb zn`cwlzi sadcz lac zll

jzhaghag tlgctbcz tbc Mzn`cwlzi Uzlgzn``c lz Zcvcnzfb+ tbc Flùcthth}cacvv nad

Haal}nthla Mzn`cwlzi Uzlgzn``c nad tbc Cszlucna Havthtstc l Haal}nthla nad

cfbalklgx! Tc skth`ntc nh` hv tl `nrh`hvc tbc flatzhjsthla l CS sadcd zcvcnzfbnad haal}nthla tl vsvtnhanjkc gzlwtb nad olj fzcnthla nad tl tnfikhag tbc gznad

fbnkkcagcv nfhag Cszluc vsfb nv fkh`ntc fbnagc+ caczgx nad lld vcfszhtx+ bcnktb nad

ngchag ulusknthla! Thv whkk jc nfbhc}cd jx dcvhgahag n flbczcat vct l havtzs`catv+

nklag tbc wblkc haal}nthla fbnha vtnzthag zl` jnvhf zcvcnzfb+ fsk`hanthag

ha jzhaghag haal}nth}c uzldsftv nad vcz}hfcv tl tbc `nzict9 nad nkvl tl vsuulzt

alatcfbalklghfnk haal}nthla+ lz crnùkc ha dcvhga nad `nzicthag!

Tc l fhnk uzlulvnk lz Blzhla :5:5 wnv usjkhvbcd la 65 Al}c`jcz :5>5

YUzlulvnk lz n Zcgsknthla!!! :5>>P nad htv gcacznk lstkhac bnv cnzkhcz jcca dhvfsvvcdha usjkhf la n as`jcz l lffnvhlav YCr! Gclgbcgna^shaa :5>>P! Ht whkk jc vtzsftszcd

nzlsad tbzcc `stsnkkx zchalzfhag uhkknzv! Tc mzvt uhkknz Crfckkcafc ha tbc vfhcafc

jnvc whkk vtzcagtbca CS vfhcathmf crfckkcafc tbzlsgb vsuulzt lz zlathcz zcvcnzfb+

stszc nad c`czghag tcfbalklghcv+ fnzcczv nad `ljhkhtx l zcvcnzfbczv nad icx

zcvcnzfb haznvtzsfts

Documents

European Integration Process in the New Regional and Global Settings (Eng)/ Proceso de Integración Europeo en la nueva configuración regional y global (Ing)/ Europar integrazio prozesu