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Existentialism andPhenomenology
Etymology
Exsistere- To stand out
Ex- Latin word of OUT and Stare- Latin word; meaning TO STAND
Phänomenologie- first used in Germany 1728
Phainomenon- Greek of “which appears to be seen”
Logia- Greek of ‘to speak treaties, doctrine etc.
Existentialism
Emphasizes the uniqueness and isolation
of the individual
We define ourselves in relationship to that existence by the choices we make
Highly Subjective
Phenomenology
A practice that focuses on lived experiences and their reflective meanings.
Seeks to expose universal elements of human existence
Subjective and self-critical
Existentialism and Phenomenology Values: Freedom of will
Responsibility
Personal Love
Creative Effort
Individual experiences
Existentialism and Phenomenology on:
Metaphysics Reality is subjective. Existence creates
and precedes essence.
Axiology Values should be freely chosen
Epistemology Personal choice on knowing what to know
Proponents:
Sören Kierkegaard (1813-1855)
Father of Existentialism
Human existence is always individual in character and never social.
Life is not a problem to be solved but a reality to be experienced
Proponents:
Martin Heidegger (1889-1976) Influenced existentialism and
phenomenology
Every man is born as many men and dies as a single one
Dasein- being involved and caring for the world you live in
Proponents:
Jean-Paul Sartre (1905-1980) French post-war philosopher
Existence precedes essence
Atheistic existentialist
The destiny of man is placed within himself
Proponents:
Albert Camus (1913-1960) Contributed to the
philiosophy of absurdism Believes that a has a core
element of dignity and value.
Considered existentialism as a complete and systematic world view.
Proponents:
Edmund Husserl
Uncovers and discloses the structure of conscious experience.
Depicts essential or invariant structures of empirical beings.
Field of systematic scientific experience
Educational Aims:
Encourages individuals to understand ones’ self.
Be responsible for ones’ own choices and actions.
Become a holistic individual in their own authentic self.
Curriculum:
Self-paced and self-directed
Electives are given and suggested in broad ranges to encourage freedom of choice
Emphasizes importance on humanities
Vocational education is more about a student’s potential than income gains.
Teaching Methods
Focuses on individual thought processes
Practices values clarification strategy for self- reflection.
Students are given open spaces for dialogues and discussions
Does not give much importance towards criticisms.
Teacher’s Role
Aid in student’s self-reflection and personal fulfillment.
Provide a conducive environment for learning in their preferences
Must be self-aware and able to encourage creative projects
Student’s Role
Able to identify their own interests and values
To be responsible for their own decisions.
To be able to examine life through authentic experiences and thinking.
Self-actualization