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1. - 16. sorularda, cümlede boşbırakılan yerlere uygun düşen sözcükya da ifadeyi bulunuz.
1. Vacationers in Bodrum and Marmaris arehaving a hard time finding ---- rentalunits, as prices have risen above $1,000for houses close to the sea..
A) affordable
B) productive
C) attentive
D) reducible
E) prestigious
2. Soccer‘s many creative possibilities ----in part from its being played on such alarge field..
A) entail
B) consist
C) conclude
D) claim
E) derive
3. In the opinion of most scientists,engineering does not ---- offeruniversally acceptable solutions. .
A) randomly
B) previously
C) necessarily
D) excessively
E) extremely
4. The genetic fingerprinting technique,which was developed in the UK and isnow used as a ---- of legal identification,determines the pattern of certain partsof the genetic material DNA that isunique to each individual..
A) benefit
B) structure
C) sufficiency
D) combination
E) means
5. Recent findings answer key questionsabout how tumour cells ---- residence inother parts of the body..
A) cut down
B) pull up
C) slow down
D) wait for
E) take up
6. Solar heating never ---- in the USbecause of the cost and limited wintersunlight in most areas. .
A) caught on
B) played up
C) turned over
D) waited on
E) looked back
7. On long space flights, astronauts’ bones----, much as if they ---- fromosteoporosis, at a rate of 1-2% permonth..
A) thin / were suffering
B) will thin / suffer
C) are thinning / have suffered
D) will have thinned / would have suffered
E) have thinned / will suffer
8. For a long time now, Asia’s emergingeconomies---- the world’s most dynamic,with GDP ---- at an annual rate of 7.5%..
A) were / to have grown
B) would have been / having grown
C) have been / growing
D) would be / to be growing
E) are / to grow
9. During the past 40 years, research ---- tosupport the hypothesis that physicalactivity ---- with both cardiovascularhealth and improved psychologicalfunctioning..
A) is accumulating / has been associated
B) accumulates / will be associated
C) accumulated / had been associated
D) has been accumulating / would beassociated
E) has accumulated / is associated
10. It has been four centuries since theCatholic Church condemned GalileoGalilei ---- declaring that the earthrevolved ---- the sun..
A) about / from
B) against / with
C) for / around
D) with / near
E) on / through
11. A bar code is a pattern of bars andspaces that can be read by a scanningdevice ---- a computer, which determinesthe code ---- the widths of the bars andspaces..
A) over / into
B) through / at
C) off / from
D) on / by
E) for / across
12. Animals such as raccoons and foxes eatalmost anything edible that they comeacross---- specializing in one type offood..
A) just as
B) as regards
C) rather than
D) owing to
E) in terms of
13. --- electric cars are a welcomedevelopment, they are neither as usefulnor as green as their supporters claim..
A) Since
B) Although
C) Just as
D) Because
E) Before
14. Inhabitants of a nation generally possessa common history, geographical placeand language; ----, a nation-state may bethought of as a place in which peoplefollow the same cultural and socialpatterns..
A) though
B) otherwise
C) besides
D) therefore
E) still
15. Some evolutionary biologists argue thatif the clock of evolution ---- to thebeginning and allowed to run again tothe present day, the resulting animals onEarth ---- very different from the ones weknow now. .
A) has been rewound / would have been
B) is rewound / will be
C) might be rewound / will have been
D) had been rewound / had been
E) could be rewound / might be
16. Scientists recently completed thelargest-ever astronomical survey of thesky, during ---- they retained images thatare expected to help them understandthe origins of galaxies..
A) whose
B) that
C) when
D) whom
E) which
17. - 21. sorularda, aşağıdaki parçadanumaralanmış yerlere uygun düşensözcük ya da ifadeyi bulunuz.
The traditional Ottoman house was verypractical. In fact, until the 19th century, (17) ----furniture was used. Space was used efficiently tomeet the needs of daily life. Beds (18) ---- simplymattresses, aired with the rest of the bedding inthe morning, then rolled up and stored untilnight-time. Meals were served on a large tray,cleared away after eating. A large brazier(mangal) (19) ---- the modern fire places usedtoday. Low seating called sedir, was built onthree sides (20) ---- a room, and was coveredwith rugs (kilims). It was easy to keep the rugson the floor clean and in good shape, (21) ----outdoor shoes were replaced by soft indoorslippers before entering the house.
17. .
A) little
B) many
C) least
D) most
E) much
18. .
A) had to be
B) can be
C) were
D) have been
E) should be
19. .
A) kept away
B) worked out
C) turned down
D) substituted for
E) dealt with
20. .
A) to
B) near
C) by
D) at
E) of
21. .
A) but
B) as
C) therefore
D) unless
E) although
22. - 26. sorularda, aşağıdaki parçadanumaralanmış yerlere uygun düşensözcük ya da ifadeyi bulunuz.
Not so long ago, doctors in the West wereforbidden(22)---- remove kidney stones, sincethat was reserved for surgeons. However, thelatest technology makes the distinction (23)----.Today, kidney stones can be dealt with by usinga dose of shock waves to break them up ‒ withno cutting required. These waves are aparticular sort of sound wave. More gentle soundwaves, such as ultrasound, (24)---- in medicineto peer inside the body and produce images ofinternal organs. Now, (25)---- light rays focusedby a lens can create extreme heat, so too cannew ultrasound rays, generated from aspecially-designed instrument, burn awaytumours.Shockwave therapy, as it is known, isjust one of arange of non-invasive techniquesthat reduce the need to slice people open inorder to treat them.Such techniques promise toblur still further the(26)---- sharp distinctionbetween physician and surgeon.
22. .
A) about
B) from
C) by
D) through
E) to
23. .
A) inconsistent
B) irrelevant
C) incoherent
D) particular
E) contradictory
24. .
A) will long be employed
B) would long be employed
C) had long been employed
D) have long been employed
E) would long have been employed
25. .
A) just as
B) even if
C) as though
D) although
E) whereas
26. .
A) ambiguously
B) hastily
C) formerly
D) infinitely
E) rarely
27. - 36. sorularda, verilen cümleyiuygun şekilde tamamlayan ifadeyibulunuz.
27. ----, infectious disease continued to killhalf of all Europeans before they reachedthe age of twenty..
A) Although famines became less commonand less widespread in Europe in theeighteenth century
B) Unless the total number of urban dwellersacross Europe as a whole did not changemarkedly between 1600 and 1800
C) Because improved sanitation, togetherwith a better diet, may have played somerole in the rise of Europe‘s population inthe 1820s
D) Since Naples went from a population of300.000 in 1600 to nearly half a million bythe late eighteenth century
E) Just as many of the million or so men andwomen employed in the textile trade innorthern France in the seventeenthcentury lived in cities
28. Hypnosis was first used as a surgicalanaesthetic in India in 1845, ----..
A) if doctors had used hypnosis for patientswho are allergic to anaesthetics
B) since hypnotized patients will recovermore quickly, with less pain and withfewer side effects
C) although hypnosis as an alternative tosedation is making a comeback in theoperating room
D) but it was quickly abandoned with theintroduction of ether the following year
E) even if studies using advanced scanningtechnology have shed new light on howhypnosis works to block pain
29. ----, analysts had to rely on a moreprimitive urine screen for this purpose..
A) Unless drugs opened the way to a bettersystem
B) Although an athlete could beat the testby ingesting artificial testosteronethroughout the testing period
C) If later screens for testosterone levelsmatched the preliminary results
D) Only if the body were able to maketestosterone from an artificial compound
E) Before the carbon isotope radio (CIR) urinetest became standard protocol for testingathletes for doping
30. A person with leukemia has an unusuallyhigh number of leukocytes, ----..
A) since it is usually fatal unless treated
B) although cancerous cells growuncontrollably
C) most of which do not function normally
D) that is, cancer of the white blood cells
E) whereas, in some cases, they do notrespond to the standard treatments
31. Illegal aliens in America have been aproblem ----..
A) when the early regulations encouragedimmigration
B) ever since the first immigration restrictionwas imposed
C) if necessary precautions are not taken
D) because it was virtually impossible tomaintain control over them all
E) although the use of false IDs increases atan alarming rate
32. Though all observed differences in thebehaviour of men and women were longassumed to be due to biological factors,----..
A) such effects are small and often differentfor male and female individuals
B) it seems increasingly likely that manytypical masculine and femininecharacteristics are in fact acquired
C) social psychologists were not totally sureof how self-confidence could be developed
D) children are rewarded for engaging ingenderappropriate behaviour
E) recent studies provide much evidenceconcerning widely-held stereotypes
33. Unless governments take action tocontrol population growth, ----..
A) a great majority of our environmentalproblems will be solved
B) population control can be possible throughstrict policies
C) the natural resources in the world willsoon become insufficient
D) sustainability policies were formulated bydeveloped countries
E) thousands starved to death in the poorerparts of the world
34. ---- because they have been found toharm human health..
A) Some forms of plastic used in bottles havebeen banned
B) The use of plastics and other syntheticmaterials in medicine is on the rise
C) Recyclable plastic bottles are widely usedin food industry
D) Certain types of plastic are more suitablefor recycling than some others
E) Researchers are trying to develop a newtype of plastic good for the environment
35. While heavy drinking is known to reducelifespan, ----..
A) alcoholics develop a greater tolerance foralcohol
B) alcoholism is becoming increasinglycommon in the modern world
C) ethanol is the type of alcohol used indrinks like beer, wine, and brandy
D) genetic, psychological, and social factorsinfluence the development of alcoholism
E) a moderate consumption of alcohol canreduce the risk of heart disease
36. Despite the political upheavals in theArab world, ----..
A) the Middle East is gaining ground tobecome one of the world’s popular touristdestinations
B) business boom, in places like Dubai andAbu Dhabi, has had little impact on theeconomies
C) the airlines are rapidly expanding theirroutes in Europe and Asia
D) emphasis on new policies is required toovercome recession in these countries
E) stability, strong economic growth andvalue for money are the key factors ofeconomic mobility
37. - 42. sorularda, verilen İngilizcecümleye anlamca en yakın Türkçecümleyi, Türkçe cümleye anlamca enyakın İngilizce cümleyi bulunuz.
37. Many studies show that when peoplefight over ideas with mutual respect,they are more productive and creative..
A) Birçok araştırmada, insanların karşılıklısaygı çerçevesinde tartışmasının,üretkenliği ve yaratıcılığı geliştirdiğinedikkat çekiliyor.
B) Birçok araştırma gösteriyor ki insanlarsaygı duydukları fikirler üzerindetartıştıklarında daha üretken ve yaratıcıolabiliyorlar.
C) Birden fazla araştırma insanların ortaktartışmalarda yaratıcı ve üretken fikirlerortaya çıkardığını gösteriyor.
D) Çok sayıda araştırma, karşılıklı saygıçerçevesinde belirli fikirler üzerindetartışan insanların üretken ve yaratıcıolduklarını gösteriyor.
E) Birçok araştırma insanların fikirlerüzerinde karşılıklı saygı çerçevesindetartıştıkları zaman daha üretken veyaratıcı olduklarını gösteriyor.
38. It is difficult to handle health issueswithout knowing all the aspects of anindividual’s lifestyle and genetics..
A) Bir bireyin yaşam tarzı ve genetiközellikleri ile ilgili genel bilgiye sahipdeğilseniz sağlık sorunlarına çözümüretmek kolay değildir.
B) Bir bireyin yaşam tarzını ve bazı belirgingenetik özelliklerini bilmeden, onunla ilgilisağlık sorunlarını ele almak zordur.
C) Genetik özelliklerin yaşam tarzı üzerindekietkilerini bilmeden, bir kişinin sağlıksorunlarına çözüm üretmek zordur.
D) Bir kişinin hem yaşam tarzı hem degenetik özellikleri tüm yönleriyle bilinse deo kişiyle ilgili sağlık sorunlarını ele almakzordur.
E) Bir bireyin yaşam tarzı ve genetiközelliklerinin tüm yönlerini bilmeden,sağlık sorunlarını ele almak zordur.
39. Because much is still unknown aboutbreast cancer and no single treatmentworks all the time, doctors may havedifferent opinions about the mostappropriate treatment..
A) Göğüs kanseri için her zaman sonuç verentek bir tedavi yönteminin bulunmamasınınyanı sıra hastalıkla ilgili yeterli bilgininolmaması nedeniyle hekimler arasında enetkili tedaviye ilişkin farklı görüşlermevcuttur.
B) Göğüs kanserine ilişkin çok az şey ortayakonduğu ve her zaman sonuç veren belirlibir tedavi yöntemi bulunamadığı için,hekimler en geçerli tedavi hakkında farklıdüşünceler ileri sürmektedir.
C) Hekimler göğüs kanseri için en uyguntedavi hakkında çeşitli görüşler ilerisürmektedir; çünkü, bu hastalık hakkındayeterli bilginin olmaması, tek bir tedavininher zaman geçerli kılınmasınıengellemektedir.
D) Göğüs kanseri hakkında yeterli bilgiolmadığı için her zaman sonuç veren tekbir tedavi yöntemi yoktur ve bu nedenlehekimler en uygun tedaviye ilişkin çelişkilidüşünceler ortaya atmaktadır.
E) Göğüs kanseri hakkında çok şey hâlâbilinmediğinden ve hiçbir tedavi tekbaşına her zaman sonuç vermediğinden,hekimler, en uygun tedaviye ilişkin farklıgörüşlere sahip olabilirler.
40. Oyunlara ve özellikle çocuk oyunlarınailişkin inançlarımız, teknoloji veküreselleşme ile köklü değişimlergeçirmiştir..
A) We seem to have radically changed ourbeliefs about plays, and children’s plays inparticular, because of advances intechnology and globalization.
B) We believe that plays, and children’s playsin particular, have encountered radicalchanges due to technology andglobalization.
C) Our beliefs about plays, and children’splays in particular, have undergone radicalchanges with technology andglobalization.
D) Owing to the radical changes in plays, andchildren’s plays in particular, we haveshifted our attitude towards technologyand globalization.
E) As to technology and globalization, ourbeliefs about plays, and children’s plays inparticular, have changed radically.
41. Projenin çok büyük olduğu ve denizderinliklerini araştırmanın birçokgelişmiş teçhizat gerektirdiği doğrudur..
A) It is true that the project of investigatingsea depths is very big and requires a lot ofspecial equipment.
B) What is true is that the project is very bigand investigating sea depths may requiresome sophisticated equipment.
C) It is true that the project is very big a thatinvestigating sea depths requires a lot ofsophisticated equipment.
D) That the project is very big is true andinvestigating sea depths requires a lot ofsophisticated equipment.
E) That the project is very big is true and theinvestigation of sea depths requires a lotof expensive equipment.
42. Nüfusları azalıp yaşlandıkça veAvrupa’nın dünyadaki gücü düşüşegeçtikçe Almanlar refahlarının tehditaltında olduğunu düşünmeyebaşlıyorlar..
A) As their population shrinks and ages, andas Europe’s power in the world declines,so does the threat to Germans’ prosperity.
B) As their population shrinks and ages, andas Europe’s power in the world begins todecline, Germans notice that theirprosperity has been under threat.
C) While their population shrinks and agesand Europe’s power in the world declines,Germans have begun to notice that theirprosperity is under threat.
D) Germans are starting to think that theirprosperity is under threat as theirpopulation shrinks and ages, and asEurope’s power in the world declines.
E) Germans now see that their prosperity isunder threat with their populationshrinking and aging, coupled with thespeedy decline of Europe’s power in theworld.
43. - 46. soruları aşağıdaki parçayagöre cevaplayınız.
The contemporary climate of the Konya Plain isof adry Mediterranean character, with a drysummer anda moister winter and spring. Annualrainfall is low, anannual average of 250mm,though it increases towards the edge of theplain, reaching 315mm.Unirrigated crops sufferfrom regular failure in the area. Palaeoclimaticresearch suggests that the climate was moisterthrough Çatalhöyük’s Neolithic occupation thanit is today. Greater precipitation might haveincreased flood frequency, the extent off loodand soil waterlogging, as precipitation in theriver catchment was the main determinant ofalluvial systems dynamics. It might also haveincreased the reliability of rain-fed agriculture inthe drier subenvironments of the plain whilemaking agriculture in the alluvial zone morerisky. The sudden end of alluviation, before theonset of Chalcolithic occupation, indicated aperiod of dryness, which notonly affected thealluvial system, but also reduced the reliabilityof rain-fed agriculture in the drier zones.
43. We can understand from the passagethat duringthe Neolithic Period ----..
A) wetland birds migrated to other parts ofthe Konya Plain
B) the plain had a drier spring and summerthan it does today
C) regional rainfall was probably determinedby alluvial systems dynamics
D) rain-fed agricultural crops happened tobecome extinct
E) the people of Çatalhöyük stored a range ofcrops that were all adapted to theMediterranean climate
44. The writer of the passage claims thatduring Çatalhöyük’s Neolithic Period ----..
A) the soils never had a surplus of water
B) the alluvial zone barely supported farming
C) there was no rain-fed agriculture
D) people relied completely on irrigation forgrowing crops
E) more floods occurred in the region
45. One point made in the passage is thatbefore the Chalcolithic Period started, ----..
A) the irrigation-based methods ofagriculture were more common in theplain
B) excessive rainfall brought about floodfrequency, flood extent and soilwaterlogging in fertile soils
C) the inhabitants of the plain relied moreheavily on irrigation in order to sustainland management
D) there was a cease in the alluvial systemand this affected rain-fed agriculture inthe drier areas of the Konya Plain
E) the Konya Plain had a climate of dryMediterranean character much as it doestoday
46. It is explicitly stated in the passage that----..
A) some parts of the Konya Plain receivemore rain annually than the others
B) the climate of the Konya Plain was drierduring the Neolithic Period than it is today
C) population dynamics and social relationsare partly reflected in the history of theregion
D) it is now almost impractical to grow cropsin the Konya Plain
E) more irrigation is required to efficientlycultivate the soils of the region
47. - 50. soruları aşağıdaki parçayagöre cevaplayınız.
A deficiency in Vitamin D is known to causevarious diseases due to insufficient calcium orphosphate in the bones. Vitamin D is actually anumbrella term that covers a group of steroidmolecules. Of these, only Vitamin D3 requiressunlight to synthesize. It is formed in the skin ofall mammals when light energyis absorbed by aprecursor molecule called 7-dehydrocholesterol.A recent study found that at theheight ofsummer, two minutes’ exposure of the faceandarms to the sun, three to four times a week,could supply enough Vitamin D3. This rose to 15minutes in the winter. Ironically, Vitamin Ddeficiency, which may also lead to skin cancer,is actually very common in some of the sunniestbut most under developed countries in theworld. This is notbecause of malnutrition or alack of dietary supplements, as most peoplemistakenly think. Infact, it is because very darkskin colour slows the rateof Vitamin D3production by a factor of six, and people inthese countries are usually heavily veiled whenoutside, as well. In addition, wearing sunscreenwith a sun protection factor greater than eightwillalso block Vitamin D3 production.
47. According to the passage, the high rateof Vitamin D3 deficiency in underdeveloped countries with plenty ofsunshine ----..
A) may be prevented through the use ofhigh-factor sun protection
B) is mainly due to malnutrition
C) is due to the fact that people are darkcoloured and dress heavily
D) can easily be blocked with dietarysupplements
E) results in the formation of steroidmolecules
48. It can be understood from the passagethat Vitamin D ----..
A) is found in sunscreens with protectionfactor greater than eight
B) is synthesized at a higher rate in peoplewith darker skin colour
C) has to be supplemented in the diet for thehealth of the bones
D) might cause cancer when consumed inexcessive amounts
E) provides protection from both skeletaldiseases and skin cancer
49. It is clear from the passage that ----..
A) Vitamin D is absorbed only by 7-dehydrocholesterol
B) not all forms of Vitamin D require sunlightto synthesize
C) some mammals cannot synthesize VitaminD
D) steroid molecules need Vitamin D3 tofunction properly
E) Vitamin D3 production is increased by afactor of six in the summer
50. One can understand from the passagethat ----..
A) exposure to the sun in summer for eventwo minutes can cause skin cancer
B) one should wear sunscreen in very sunnyareas to facilitate Vitamin D synthesis
C) the human body can synthesize VitaminD3 all year round, including winter
D) steroid molecules function better whencombined with dietary supplements
E) lack of dietary supplements is a majorcause of skeletal diseases
51. - 54. soruları aşağıdaki parçayagöre cevaplayınız.
Following the terrorist attacks of September 11,2001, Americans understandably rallied aroundthe flag. Having just suffered the deadliestattack ever on the US soil, a great majority ofthe people believed another attack wasimminent. But Americans alsohad enormousfaith the 'Global War on Terror' would help keepthem safe. Just one month after 9/11, forinstance, 94 per cent of Americans fullyapproved of how the fight against terrorism wasbeing handled.The United States then quicklywent to war in Afghanistan, closing down aterrorist camp and capturing or killing a numberof high-level al Qaeda operatives in the process.However, since 2001, terrorists have found theirtargets on almost every continent, withbombings in Bali, London, Madrid, Istanbul, andelse where. Now Americans appear lessconvinced that their country is winning the waronterror. In the face of persisting threats,including agrowing number of terrorist attacksaround the world, numerous reports show thatAmericans are losing faith in their government’sability to wage the war successfully and toprotect them from the terrorists’next majorattack.
51. As pointed out in the passage, sinceterrorist attacks and threats have notceased in the world, ----..
A) the American government is convincedthat some major cities in the country canbe the targets of terrorist attacks
B) the United States has stepped up itsoperations in Afghanistan in order tocapture the al Qaeda operatives
C) Americans are very concerned about thesecurity and success of their forces inAfghanistan
D) the American people hardly believe thatthe government will be able to win the waron terror
E) it is admitted by all the governments thatthe socalled \'Global War on Terror\' willlast indefinitely
52. According to the passage, the 9/11terrorist attacks ----..
A) could have been prevented if the al Qaedaoperatives had been captured in time
B) made the American people united as anation and feel more patriotic
C) were part of a series of terrorist actsplanned in advance by the al Qaedaleaders
D) demonstrated the fact that the UnitedStates was more vulnerable to terrorismthan any other country in the world
E) convinced the al Qaeda operatives thatthe United States would be an easy targetin the future
53. It is stressed in the passage that, for theal Qaedaleaders, ----..
A) any part of the world could be a target fortheir attacks
B) the war in Afghanistan is causing muchdamage to their operatives
C) their future attacks must focus on theAmerican homeland
D) more threats from them will turn theAmerican people against their government
E) their attacks on a number of cities,including Istanbul, were not effective at all
54. As can be clearly understood from thepassage, in the aftermath of the 9/11attacks, almost all the Americans ----..
A) thought that America’s invasion ofAfghanistan would be futile
B) were disappointed with theirgovernment’s policies
C) believed that their country was still thesafest place in the world
D) supported the way the war on terror wasbeing carried out
E) believed that the government would soonbring the war on terror to an end
55. - 58. soruları aşağıdaki parçayagöre cevaplayınız.
Government planners and social scientists frommany countries are developing a number ofstrategi to help us adapt to global warming. Forexample, what should people living in coastalareas do? They can move inland away from thedangers of storm surges, although this solutionhas high economic costs. An alternative plan,which is also extremely expensive, is to builddikes to protect coastal land. The Dutch, whohave been doing this sort of thing for severalhundred years, have offered their technicalexpertise to several developing nationsthreatened by a rise in sea level. We also haveto adapt to shifting agricultural zones. Manytemperate countries are in the process ofevaluating semitropical crops to determine thebest ones to substitute for traditional crops if orwhen the climate warms. Drought-resistantspecies of trees are being developed by largelumber companies now, because the treesplanted today will be harvested many decadeslater when global warming may already getmuch worse.
55. It is pointed out in the passage that alarge number of countries with atemperate climate ----..
A) have already applied to the Dutchgovernment to help them protect theircoastal areas against a rise in sea levelowing to global warming
B) have urgently developed some costlystrategies in order to protect themselvesfrom the extreme effects of globalwarming
C) are developing new agricultural zones forsemitropical crops, since they areeconomically more profitable thantraditional crops
D) are experimenting with semitropical cropsfor the replacement of their traditionalcrops in case the climate gets warmer
E) are exposed to the dangers of stormsurges and have therefore taken radicalmeasures to rescue their people in coastalareas
56. One understands from the passage thatthe development of tree species that canresist droughts ----..
A) is being carefully studied by governmentplanners and scientists as an alternativesolution
B) is a precaution that major lumber firmsare taking against global warming
C) has been so costly that governments oftemperate countries have given it up
D) is indispensable because, due to globalwarming, most forests will disappear in afew decades
E) is important for countries whereagricultural zones have been badlyaffected by global warming
57. As implied in the passage, the Dutch ----..
A) have a long history of experience in theconstruction of dikes
B) are very concerned about some coastalareas threatened by a rise in sea level
C) have been reluctant to cooperatetechnically with some developingcountries
D) learned how to build dikes about ahundred years ago to protect their coastalareas
E) think that it is extremely expensive fordeveloping countries to build dikes
58. It is stated in the passage that, for ouradaptation to global warming, ----..
A) an alternative strategy is that all thecoastal areas in the world have to beevacuated so that the inhabitants can besafe from the dangers of storm surges
B) many scientists and planners are involvedin a series of activities that are primarilysuitable for temperate countries
C) not only the Dutch but also governmentsof many countries have devoted a greatdeal of hard work to the development ofurgent strategies
D) new agricultural zones suitable for thegrowth of semitropical crops and also thedevelopment of drought-resistant treesare the only suitable strategies
E) state planners and social scientists ofdifferent nationalities are working todevelop various strategies
59. - 62. soruları aşağıdaki parçayagöre cevaplayınız.
Several years ago, biochemists studying marineecosystems noticed something unusual: asponge thriving in the middle of a coral reef thatwas dying from bacterial infection. Theresearchers identified asubstance made by thesponge in order to defendit self from harmfulmicrobes. They realized that it wasa naturalantibacterial molecule called 'ageliferin'.Thismolecule can break down the formation ofaprotective biofilm coating that bacteria use toshield themselves from threats, includingantibiotic drugs.Now the same researchers areusing this natural compound to createinnovative ways to fight drug resistant bacteria.They have recently modified the structure ofageliferin to make it more potent andformulated to help conventional medicationscombat otherwise drug-resistant bacteria, suchas staph and cholera. The newly-developedchemical does not stop bacteria fromproliferating, but it allows the antibiotic to workagain. The researchers hope eventually toincorporate the altered ageliferin as ahelperdrug within commercial antibiotic products,allowing them to fight off formerly drug-resistantstrains of diseases.
59. It can be understood from the passagethat bacteria that cause infections ----..
A) protect themselves from threats using abiofilm coating
B) preserve their biofilm coating with thehelp of ageliferin
C) break down the formation of protectivebiofilms of other bacteria
D) defend certain sponge types againstharmful microbes
E) have a naturally occurring molecule calledageliferin
60. It is clear from the passage thatageliferin is asubstance ----..
A) easily broken down by harmful bacteria
B) produced by a sponge found in coral reefs
C) used in order to study bacterial infection
D) helping bacteria to form a protectiveshield around them
E) usually abundant in dying coral reefs
61. According to the passage, scientists areusing ageliferin ----..
A) although they wanted to discardconventional medications
B) so that the natural compound can be usedto save dying sponge species
C) in case they altered the structure of thecompound
D) to develop new methods to fight drug-resistant bacteria
E) as if it were more potent in combatingotherwise drug-resistant bacteria
62. One can understand from the passagethat thenewly-developed compound ----..
A) helps ageliferin to proliferate in spongecolonies in coral reefs
B) can easily be used to alter biofilms likeageliferin
C) is currently used in most commercialantibiotic products
D) is ruled out to be an effective way offighting drug-resistant strains of diseases
E) does not help to stop bacteria fromincreasing in number
63. - 67. sorularda, karşılıklıkonuşmanın boş bırakılan kısmınıtamamlayabilecek ifadeyi bulunuz.
63. Alice :- What did you think of the Peléfilm?
Polly :- What struck me was that whenhe joined his first team he was 17 butlooked like a 14-year old.
Alice :- ----
Polly :- And that of parasites too..
A) In fact, he always was small.
B) That was the result of malnutrition, poorkid.
C) It shocked me to learn that until that timehe had never had a pair of sports shoes.
D) Right. And had various health problems,including malnutrition.
E) I hated the way other teams turnedagainst him.
64. Sally : Have you spoken to Bobby‘sparents yet?
Rose : Yes, I have. But it wasn‘t a verysatisfactory meeting.
Sally : ----
Rose : Unfortunately not. They seemeddetermined to put me in the wrong!.
A) I don‘t know what else I can suggest.
B) I can believe that. They are not verycooperative; are they?
C) That‘s no surprise. Everyone knows howdifficult they are.
D) That‘s a shame. Bobby needs help.
E) How was that?
65. Robert :- Have you seen the Frenchdocumentary film March of thePenguins?
Cherie :- ----
Robert :- Yes, and I’ve read an articlethat says that it was also really difficultto film because of the rough terrain andthe harsh climate.
Cherie :- Shall we go see it this evening?.
A) No, I haven’t.
B) Yes, I have.
C) Not yet, but I’ve heard it’s reallyfascinating.
D) How much does it cost these days to see afilm?
E) I don’t think it’s playing in cinemas anylonger.
66. Doctor : Good to see you again. What‘sthe problem this time?
Patient : Upon awakening, I feel pain andtightness on the sides of my face.
Doctor : ----
Patient : I hope it‘s not serious and canbe treated easily..
A) Sleeping pills may be used occasionally tohelp people who have trouble sleepingbecause of pain.
B) How interesting! I have always stated thatpeople can take steps to break the habitof tooth grinding.
C) I see. Generally, a case like this resultsfrom muscle spasms brought on byrepeated muscle or tooth clenching andtooth grinding.
D) Of course, treatment is needed when aperson has jaw pain or trouble moving hisjaw.
E) People with this condition need tosuppress yawns, cut food into smallpieces, and eat food that‘s easy to chew.
67. Charles : Aircraft manufacturers aredoing their best to build ever moreefficient, more reliable, less polluting,quieter planes.
Colleague : Yes, but there is a long waybefore absolute reliability can beachieved!
Charles : ----
Colleague : There‘s no doubt about that.Yet every effort must be made forultimate reliability..
A) Let me stress once again that, as theeconomy develops and per capita incomerises, per capita travel rises even faster.
B) Considered in technical terms, there havebeen few dramatic changes in large-aircraft design since the 1960s.
C) It is a fact that, by the early 1940s,airplanes had made it possible to cross theAtlantic in one long day of travel.
D) On the other hand, in the 1960s, touringfamilies and students could fly from theUS to Europe on overnight charter flights.
E) Agreed. However, despite occasionalhorrific crashes, modern airliners areabout the safest means of travel everdevised.
68. - 71. sorularda, verilen cümleyeanlamca en yakın cümleyi bulunuz.
68. Stopping the international obesityepidemic is as tough a problem as anynow facing public-health officials..
A) Public-health officials are trying hard, asthey do with any other problem, toprevent the spread of obesity throughoutthe world.
B) Public-health officials are finding it veryhard to prevent obesity throughout theworld, which is very serious like any otherproblem that concerns them.
C) Obesity is so common throughout theworld that its prevention is a very difficultproblem for health-officials, who arealready dealing with other problems.
D) For public-health officials, the preventionof obesity, which is widespreadthroughout the world, is an extremelydifficult problem like any other they arecurrently concerned with.
E) It is not so challenging a task for public-health officials, who are already dealingwith many serious problems, to preventobesity in the world
69. Take-off was delayed again and again, sowe began to wonder if there wassomething seriously wrong with theaircraft..
A) Unless the problem were serious, theywouldn‘t have delayed the flight for solong.
B) If there had been no problem with theaircraft, they wouldn‘t have delayed take-off like that.
C) The flight was postponed indefinitely, sowe presumed there was engine-trouble.
D) We began to feel that there might be areal problem with the aircraft as take-offwas continually being delayed.
E) We assumed that, since there was aproblem with the aircraft, they wereobliged to delay take off indefinitely.
70. People have usually assumed that thismountain village was abandonedbecause easier living conditions wereavailable elsewhere..
A) The prospect of better living conditions inanother place must have tempted theinhabitants to desert this mountainvillage.
B) Apparently, people abandoned thismountain village, tempted by the prospectof a better way of life elsewhere.
C) It must have been hard to make alivelihood in this mountain village, sopeople opted out and went in search of aneasier way of life.
D) The mountain village was presumablyabandoned when people realized thateasier conditions were on offer elsewhere
E) It has generally been presumed thatpeople deserted this mountain villagebecause there was the prospect of apleasanter way of life in another place.
71. What is certain is that Azerbaijan‘s oil-fired economy has been booming inrecent years..
A) Although Azerbaijan‘s economy is largeldependent on oil, in recent years it hasentered a period of recession.
B) There is no doubt that, over the past fewyears, Azerbaijan‘s economy, whichthrives entirely on oil, has been growingfast.
C) Since Azerbaijan‘s economic prosperity isrelated to oil, there has been some minorimprovement lately.
D) It is only in recent years that, because ofits oil, Azerbaijan has experienced someeconomic progress.
E) Over the past few years, due to anincrease in its oil output, Azerbaijan‘seconomy has become much stronger.
72. - 75. sorularda, boş bırakılan yere,parçada anlam bütünlüğünü sağlamakiçin getirilebilecek cümleyi bulunuz.
72. In the annals of computing, nothing hascaused as much disappointment asputting ideas on paper. ----. However,with the coming of the inkjet printer itwas soon possible to print reallyhighquality images. .
A) For decades, printing computer files was athankless task for users seeking toreproduce precisely what they saw ontheir screens
B) To start with, thermal inkjets were nomatch for the costlier laser printers thathad just been introduced
C) For all its originality the idea behind theinkjet is far from new
D) The first inkjet printers were slow, messymachines, but they gradually got betterand better
E) Designers of printers grew more ambitiousand they started to want colour, speedand low costs
73. Health food stores and popular magazinearticles advertise a variety of proteinsupplements, and people take thesesupplements for many different reasons.----. Dieters take them to maintain theirbodies’ protein while losing weight.Women take them to strengthen theirfinger nails..
A) The “liquid protein” diet, advocated someyears ago for weight loss, caused deathsin many users
B) Protein and amino acid supplements don’twork these miracles
C) Athletes do not need protein supplementsbecause muscle work builds muscle
D) Protein supplements are expensive andless completely digested than protein-richfoods
E) Athletes take them to build muscle
74. Compared to its Balkan neighbours,Greece is a wealthy country, but itremains one of the poorer members ofthe European Union. ---- . Nevertheless,with a nominally capitalist orientation, ithas overcome its resemblance to pre-1989 Eastern Europe. Loss-making stateenterprises have been sold off, andinflation and interest rates have fallen.However, unemployment remains high..
A) It is still a developing economy, with theagriculture and service sectors accountingfor two-thirds of its GNP. B) C) D) E)
B) Still, the Greek islands attract thousandsof tourists, many of whom come simply toenjoy the sun and sand and the relaxedpace of life.
C) Accordingly, it now seems poised tobecome a significant regional power.
D) Furthermore, it has one of the lowest birthrates in Europe.
E) Yet family life and social life are usuallyone and the same, and tend to revolvearound eating out.
75. The human body changes in manynoticeable ways with age. Perhaps thefirst sign of aging occurs when the eyecannot focus easily on close objects.Often by age 40 or so, many people findit difficult to read without using glasses.---- . People tend to lose some ability tohear the highest pitched tones.Therefore, older people may find thatviolin music no longer sounds as excitingas it did when they were young. .
A) Hearing loss may be caused by amechanical problem in the ear canal ormiddle ear that blocks the conduction ofsound.
B) Some hearing tests can detect disorders inthe auditory processing areas of the brain.
C) Neural hearing loss may be caused bybrain tumours that also damage nearbynerves and the brain stem.
D) People who can‘t hear well enough mayneed hearing aids that keep the volume ofsound at a suitable level
E) Hearing also changes with age.
76. - 80. sorularda, cümleler sırasıylaokunduğunda parçanın anlambütünlüğünü bozan cümleyi bulunuz.
76. (I) The eruption of Nevada del Ruiz inColumbia in 1985 illustrates how a lackof monitoring and poor evacuation canlead to loss of life. (II) The eruption itselfwas a small one and didn‘t kill anyone.(III) Disaster came later when moltenrock melted the ice cap. (IV) This causedmudflows which wiped out 230, 000people. (V) Sometimes there are earlysigns that an eruption is imminent. .
A) I
B) II
C) III
D) IV
E) V
77. (I) In his article “The Future Doesn’tNeed Us”, the scientist Bill Joy describesadvances in three fields:geneticengineering, nanotechnology androbotics.(II) The first has created thepossibility of gene therapy that couldbring diseases like cancer under control.(III) These technological advances carryastrong potential for improving ourquality of life in the not-too-distantfuture. (IV) The second refers totechnologies that manipulate matter onthe extremely small scale of nanometres,allowing the creation of novel plantspecies or new viruses. (V) Finally,robotics will eventually raise thepossibility of intelligent and self-replicating machines that are barelydistinguishable from humans..
A) I
B) II
C) III
D) IV
E) V
78. (I) Many different conditions exist alongthe length of a river or stream. (II) Thenature of a flowing-water ecosystemchanges greatly from its source, where itbegins, to its mouth, where it emptiesinto another body of water. (III) Forexample, headwater streams are usuallyshallow, cold, swiftly flowing. (IV) Incontrast, rivers downstream from theheadwaters are wider and deeper, lesscold and slower-flowing.(V) Unlessstrong conservation measures areinitiated soon, human population growthand industrialization in tropical countrieswill spell the end of tropical rain forestsby the middle of the century..
A) I
B) II
C) III
D) IV
E) V
79. (I) Systemic anaphylaxis is a dangerousallergic reaction that can occur when aperson develops an allergy to a specificdrug such as penicillin. (II) In seriousallergic disorders, patients aresometimes given a form ofimmunotherapy known asdesensitization. (III) A widespreadallergic reaction takes place withinminutes after the drug enters the body.(IV) Mast cells release large amounts ofhistamine and other compounds into thecirculation, and these compounds causeextreme vasodilatation and permeability.(V) So much plasma may be lost from theblood that circulatory shock and deathcan occur within a few minutes..
A) I
B) II
C) III
D) IV
E) V
80. (I) It is clear that nuclear power presentsmany risks.(II) Other large-scale energy-conversion methods, such asconventional coal-burning steam plants,also present health and environmentalhazards. (III) When we speak of avibration or an oscillation, we mean themotion of an object that regularlyrepeats itself, back and forth, over thesame path. (IV) These include airpollution, oil spills, and the release ofcarbon dioxide.(V) In fact, while trying tomeet the world’s needs for energy, wemust find ways to overcome all theseenvironmental hazards..
A) I
B) II
C) III
D) IV
E) V
SORU CEVAP
1 A
2 E
3 C
4 E
5 E
6 A
7 A
8 C
9 E
10 C
11 D
12 C
13 B
14 D
15 E
16 E
17 A
18 C
19 D
20 E
21 B
22 E
23 B
24 D
25 A
26 C
27 A
28 D
29 E
30 C
31 B
32 B
33 C
34 A
35 E
36 A
37 E
38 E
39 E
40 C
SORU CEVAP
41 C
42 D
43 C
44 E
45 D
46 A
47 C
48 E
49 B
50 C
51 D
52 B
53 A
54 D
55 D
56 B
57 A
58 E
59 A
60 B
61 D
62 E
63 B
64 B
65 C
66 C
67 E
68 D
69 D
70 E
71 B
72 A
73 E
74 A
75 E
76 E
77 C
78 E
79 B
80 C
