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1. mgMÖ wek¦ 6.7 wewjqb

2. Gwkqv 3.9 wewjqb

3. Pxb 1.3 wewjqb

4. fviZ 1.1 wewjqb

5. Avwd«Kv 887 wgwjqb

6. BD‡ivc 774 wgwjqb

7. jvwZb Av‡gwiKv 558 wgwjqb

8. DËi Av‡gwiKv 332 wgwjqb

9. hy³ivóª 304 wgwjqb

10. B‡›`v‡bwkqv 231 wgwjqb

11. eªvwRj 187 wgwjqb

12. cvwK vb 163 wgwjqb

13. evsjv‡`k 158 wgwjqb

RvwZms‡Ni A_©bxwZ I mvgvwRK welq msµvš wefvM

RbmsL¨v wefvM

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m¤ú‡K©i w`‡K wb‡ ©k K‡i| AviI A‡b‡Ki gZ Avj †MviI e‡jb, GB M¨vmwUB we‡k¦i ZvcgvÎv e„w×i Rb¨ cÖavbZ `vqx |

Kve©b-WvB-A·vB‡Wi wbtmiY‡KB we‡k¦i ZvcgvÎv e„w×i cÖavbZg KviY wn‡m‡e Mb¨ Kiv nq| hwÌ GwUB †kl K_v bq

Ges G wm×v‡š †c․Qv‡bvi †¶‡Î eëüZ bgybv¸‡jvi wel‡q †ek wKQz cÖkœ i‡q †M‡Q|

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kxZjxKi‡Yi b„ZvwZ¡K cÖfveK¸‡jv m¤úwK©Z Ávb h‡_ó

AMÖMwZ jvf K‡i‡Q| djvdj¯îƒc GB wm×v‡š DcbxZ nIqv

hvq †h 1750 mvj †_‡K wek¦e¨vcx gvby‡li Kg©Kv‡Ûi Mo bxU

cwiYwZ nj Dòvqb- GB m¤¢vebvB AwZ cÖej|Õ Zv‡ì msÁv

Abyhvqx ÒAwZ cÖej m¤¢vebvÓ Ges ÒLye m¤¢eÓ Gi aviYv 90

fvM mwVK nIqvi m¤¢vebv‡K Ašf~©³ K‡i (hwÌ 2001 Gi

wi‡cvU© Abymv‡i 66 fvM mwVK nIqvi m¤¢vebv‡K Ašf©y³

K‡iwQj)|

BwZnvm e‡j †h, AvR ch©š kZKiv 80 fvM wbtmi‡Yi Rb¨

wk‡ívbœZ wek¦ `vqx| 1950 †_‡K gvwK©b hy³ivóª me©mvKz‡j¨ G

ch©š 50.7 wewjqb Ub Kve©b WvB A·vBW wbtmiY K‡i‡Q|

GKB mg‡q Pxb K‡i‡Q 15.7 wewjqb Ub (hLb Av‡gwiKvi

Zzjbvq Px‡bi RbmsL¨v 4.6 ¸b †ekx) Ges fviZ K‡i‡Q 4.2 wewjqb Ub (hLb Av‡gwiKvi Zzjbvq fvi‡Zi RbmsL¨v 3.5

¸b †ekx)| wk‡ívbœZ we‡k¦ †hLv‡b c„w_exi 20 fvM †jvK emevm K‡i †mLv‡b 60% fvM Kve©b wbtmiY nq|

wkí wec‡ei ïii w`K †_‡KB wk‡ívbœZ wek¦ e¨vcK cwigv‡Y Kve©b wbtmiY K‡i Avm‡Q| gvwK©b hy³ivóª Zvi 14 wUªwjqb

Wjv‡ii mgcwigvY A_©bxwZ wb‡q c„w_exi me©e„nr `~lYKvix †`k wn‡m‡e Avwef©~Z n‡q‡Q| ïay ZvB bq, †h †Kvb ai‡Yi

wbtmiY n«vmKvix Pzw³i e¨vcv‡i evav`vbKvix †`k wn‡m‡eI G †`kwUi f~wgKv i‡q‡Q| wbtmiY Kgv‡bvi A_© n‡Q cwðgv‡ì

Drcv`b Kgv‡Z n‡e-hv Zv‡ì A_©bxwZ-cuywRev`‡K msKzwPZ Ki‡e| Rxevk¥ R¡vjvwbi e¨vcK eënvi Kve©b wbtmi‡Yi AviI

GKwU cÖavb KviY| gvwK©bx‡ì gvÎvwZwi³ †fv‡Mi Kvi‡YB cwi‡ek `~lY †e‡oB Pj‡Q| gvwK©b hy³iv‡óªi Rxevk¥ R¡vjvwb

eënvi •ewk¦K Mo eënv‡ii cÖvq cvuP¸b|

•ewk¦K Dòvqb cwðgv‡ì e¨vcK wkívq‡bi gva¨‡g AwaK gybvdv Kivi nxb cÖe„wË †_‡K m„wó n‡Q| wbtmiY Kgv‡bvi DbœZ

cÖhyw³ _vK‡jI Gi mv‡_ cÖPzi e¨q hy³ _vKvq gvwK©b hy³ivóª G‡Z ivRx bq| †Kbbv G‡Z K‡i cÖwZØw›ØZvg~jK evRv‡i

gvwK©b cY¨ Kg g~‡j¨ wewµ n‡e bv | gvÎ 20 eQi Av‡M Pxb Ges fviZ Dbœq‡bi e¨vcK avivq mshy³ nq| wKš‧ wek¦

Dòvq‡bi mgm¨vwU AviI cyi‡bv| gvwK©b hy³ivóª civkw³ wn‡m‡e fviZ I Px‡bi Dbœq‡bi MwZ‡Z cikªxKvZi n‡q •ewk¦K

Dòvq‡bi Rb¨ Zv‡ì‡K †`vlv‡ivc K‡i Avm‡Q|

1. gvwK©b hy³ivóª 22%

2. Pxb 18%

3. ivwkqv 5%

4. fviZ 4.9%

5. Rvcvb 4.6%

6. Rvgv©bx 3.1%

7. KvbvWv 2.3%

8. hy³ivR¨ 2.2%

9. `w¶b †Kvwiqv 1.7%

10. BZvjx 1.6%

wesk kZvãxi ïi‡Z weª‡Ub I Rvg©vbxi wek¦e¨vcx AvwacZ¨ eRvq ivLvi Ø›Ø Zv‡ì‡K Zv‡ì KqjvwfwËK e„n`vKvi

hy×hvb¸‡jvi Rb¨ weKí R¡vjvbx Dr‡mi AbymÜv‡bi w`‡K †V‡j †`q| Avi H mgmvgwqK mg‡qB ga¨cÖv‡P¨ †Zj‡¶Î¸‡jvi

wek¦ 1.13 wUªwjqb

‡m․w` Avie 260 wewjqb

KvbvWv 179 wewjqb

Bivb 136 wewjqb

BivK 115 wewjqb

Kz‡qZ 99 wewjqb

mshy³ Avie AvwgivZ 97 wewjqb

‡fwbRy‡qjv 80 wewjqb

ivwkqv 60 wewjqb

wjweqv 41 wewjqb

bvB‡Rwiqv 36 wewjqb

BD.Gm.G 21 wewjqb

wewc we‡k¦i R¡vjvbxi cwimsL¨vMZ ch©v‡jvPbv

2007

Avwe®‥vi I bZzb bZzb cÖhyw³i D™¢veb bZzb avivi †fv‡Mi mgvReë¯v I wek¦ ivRbxwZi fvimv‡gï †¶‡Î behy‡Mi m~Pbv

K‡i|

¯^vfvweKfv‡eB Rxevk¥ R¡vjvwb AcÖZzj Ges GUv GKmgq †kl n‡q hv‡e| wesk kZvãx Ry‡o AwaKvsk †Zj‡¶Î¸‡jvi

AwaKvsk Abvwe®‥…Z _vKvq †Z‡ji welqwU Lye GKUv Av‡jvPbvq Av‡mwb| ciewZ©‡Z Rw½ wegvb, U¨v¼, A‡Uv‡gvevBj

BZ¨vwì Avwe®‥vi G R¡vjvbxi Dci mevi wbf©ikxjZv Acwinvh© n‡q c‡o| hw` GKmgq †Zj †kl n‡q hvq Zvn‡j Gme

hš¿cvwZ I cÖhyw&³ G‡Kev‡iB AcÖ‡qvRbxq n‡q co‡e|

1970 mv‡j cÖ_g ÔwcK A‡qjÕ w_Iix Avwef~©Z nq| Gi gva¨‡g †`Lv‡bv nq †Z‡ji †mB cwigvb †h cwigvb D‡Ëvjb n‡j

c„w_exi †gvU †Z‡ji A‡a©K D‡Ëvjb Kiv n‡e|

fwel¨‡Z KZUzKz †Zj Drcv`b Kiv hv‡e Zv wbiƒc‡bi Rb¨ wZbwU DcvË Lye ìKvi| cÖ_‡g ìKvi nj, G ch©š me©‡gvU

KZ e¨v‡ij †Zj D‡Ëvjb Kiv n‡q‡Q- hv‡K me©‡gvU Drcv`b ejv nq| wØZxqZ ìKvi nj, wewfbœ †Kv¤úvbx¸‡jv GKwU

†Zj‡¶Î‡K cwiZ¨³ †NvlYv Kievi Av‡M KZUzKz †Zj D‡Ëvjb Ki‡Z mg_©¨ n‡e| me‡k‡l ìKvi nj, GKwU we‡klÁ `j

Abvwe®‥…Z I D‡Ëvjb‡hvM¨ †Z‡ji cwigvY m¤ú‡K© M‡elYv wfwËK Z_¨ cÖ`vb Ki‡e| GB wZbwU DcvË †_‡K cwi®‥vi eySv

hv‡e K‡qK `kK ci †_‡K GB LwbwU cwiZ¨³ nevi c~e© ch©š wVK KZUzKz †Zj D‡Ëvjb Kiv m¤¢eci n‡e- G‡K me©‡gvU

D‡Ëvjb e‡j|

m‡e©vP wK cwigvY †Zj Drcvw`Z n‡e Zv eySvi Rb¨ G ch©š Drcvw`Z †Zj

Avwe®‥…Z †Z‡ji cwigvY‡K Qvwo‡q †Mj wKbv †mw`‡K ZvKv‡Z n‡e| G e¨vcv‡i

me‡P‡q fvj cÖgvY nj G ch©š †Zj‡¶Î Avwe®‥v‡ii w`K †_‡K 1960 Gi `kK

wQj me‡P‡q D‡jL‡hvM¨| mv¤cÖwZK mg‡qi me©e„nr †Zj‡¶ÎwU 1985 mv‡j

†gw·‡Kv‡Z Avwe®‥…Z nq Avi 1950 Gi `k‡K Avwe®‥…Z †Zj‡¶Î¸‡jvi Drcv`b

cÖvq †k‡li w`‡K| A_P c„w_ex‡Z GLb †h cwigvb †Zj Drcv`b n‡Q Zvi cÖvq

Pvi¸b eënvi nq| d‡j †Zj †Kv¤úvwb¸‡jv bZzb †Zj‡¶Î Avwe®‥v‡ii Rb¨

gwiqv n‡q D‡V‡Q| wKš‧ hvB wgj‡Q Zv Avevi †QvU †QvU Ges Drcv`bI LyeB

hrmvgvb¨| bZzb bZzb †Zj †¶Îi Avwe®‥vi wbgœMvgx nIqvq Ges †Z‡ji D‡Ëvjb

Ae¨vnZ _vKvq Kv‡jv‡mvbvi eZ©gvb gRyÌ wbt‡kl nevi w`‡KB G¸‡Q|

†Kvb †Kvb AwZ Drmvnx fwel¨Z`ªóv e‡jb †h, 2060 mvj ch©š †Z‡ji m‡e©vP

(wcK) Drcv`b m¤¢e| wKš‧ ev¯eZv nj, eZ©gvb mgq †_‡K 2012 mv‡ji g‡a¨B

†Z‡ji Drcv`b m‡e©vP (wcK) ch©v‡q wM‡q †c․uQv‡e|

Avgiv c„w_exi wewfbœ †`‡ki w`‡K ZvKv‡Z cvwi hviv B‡Zvg‡a¨ †Zj Drcv`‡bi m‡e©vP ch©v‡q †c․u‡Q †M‡Q A_ev AwZ kxNªB

hv‡e| †Zj Drcv`‡bi w`K †_‡K cÖ_g mvZwU †`‡ki w`‡K ZvKv‡j †`Lv hv‡e nq Zv‡ì Drcv`b wb¤œgyLx A_ev m‡e©vP

ch©v‡q †cu․‡Q †M‡Q| gvwK©b hy³ivóª 1971 mv‡j, biI‡q 2001 mv‡j Ges weª‡Ub 1998 mv‡j m‡e©vP Drcv`‡b †cu․‡Q

†M‡Q| ivwkqv, †gw·‡Kv I Pvqbv 2008 mv‡ji g‡a¨ m‡ev©P ch©v‡q †c․uQv‡e| †m․w` Avie 2005 mv‡j m‡e©vP ch©v‡q †c․u‡Q

†M‡Q| m‡e©vP Drcv`bKvix †`k¸‡jvi g‡a¨ GKgvÎ BivbB †Kej G Drcv`b evov‡bvi ¶gZv iv‡L|

GQvovI AviI A‡bK KviY _vK‡Z cv‡i †h¸‡jv `ªZ †Zj Drcv`‡bi †klcÖv‡š †c․uQv‡bvi Rb¨ `vqx| †mKvi‡Y eo eo

†Zj †Kv¤úvbx¸‡jvi (†hgb: †kj) Rb¨ †Z‡ji gRy` m¤ú‡K© Kiv AwZiwÄZ e³e¨ †gjv‡bv KwVb n‡q c‡o‡Q|

eZ©gvb gRy`‡K mvg‡b wb‡q G‡m †Zj Drcv`bKvix †`‡ki msMVb¸‡jv †Zj NvUwZ‡K XvKevi †Póv Ki‡Q| †Zj

Drcv`bKvix †Kv¤úvbx †hgb weªwUk †c‡Uªvwjqvg bZzb †Zj‡¶Î Avwe®‥vi bq eis cyi‡bv †¶Î¸‡jv †_‡K †Zj D‡Ëvjb Pzw³i

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†¶Îmg~‡n Pvjv‡bv we‡klÁ AbymÜv‡b †Zj cÖvwßi wb¤œgyLx cÖeYZv cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q| ga¨cÖvP¨, AvdMvwb vb, fviZ, Pxb I

Ab¨vb¨ Gwkqvb †`kmg~‡ni cÖwZ gvwK©b ciivóªbxwZ‡Z †Zj I M¨vm e¨vcK f~wgKv cvjb Ki‡Q|

G KviYmg~n Ô†Zj dzwi‡q hv‡QÕ- G ai‡Yi cÖPviYv‡K g~j avivq wb‡q G‡m‡Q Ges GwU GLb wek¦kw³mg~‡ni f~-ivR‣bwZK

†¶‡Î gv_v e¨_vi KviY n‡q uvwo‡q‡Q| hwÌ Gi Avov‡j AviI wKQz ivR‣bwZK `yiwfmwÜ jywK‡q Av‡Q|

cwðgv‡ì AwZwi³ †Zj LiPvi Dchy³ ARynvZ nj †Zj dzwi‡q hv‡Q| mxwgZ gRy‡ì †Zj m¤ú‡ì cÖwZ Ab¨vb¨

RvwZivóªmg~‡ni Pvwn`v •Zwi †nvK GUv cwðgviv Pvq bv| cwðgviv †gvU †Zj Drcv`‡bi Pvi fv‡Mi GK fvM Ki‡jI cÖvq

A‡a©K Zviv †fvM K‡i| Zv‡ì AwZwi³ e¨qB †Zj m¤ú` dzwi‡q hvIqvi †cQ‡b g~j KviY-†Z‡ji cÖvK…wZK gRy bq|

hy³ivóª gvÎ 8 fvM †Zj Drcv`b Ki‡jI cÖvq 25 fvM †Zj LiP K‡i| Zv‡ì G wekvj LiP enb Kiv Am¤¢e| KviY gvÎ

K‡qKwU wekvj †Zj‡¶‡Îi DciB Zv‡ì †Z‡ji wmsnfvM Pvwn`v c~i‡Yi `vqfvi eZ©vq| cy‡iv c„w_ex Ry‡o nvRvi nvRvi

†Zj‡¶Î _vK‡jI gvÎ 116 wU †¶Î †_‡K cÖwZw`b 100000 e¨v‡ij Drcvw`Z nq-hv cy‡iv we‡k¦i Drcv`‡bi kZKiv 50

fvM| G‡ì nv‡Z†Mvbv gvÎ K‡qKwU Qvov evKx¸‡jv Avwe®‥…Z n‡q‡Q wmuwK kZvãxiI Av‡M| †h¸‡jv GLb cÖvq dzwi‡q hvevi

c‡_| c„w_exi me‡P‡q eo eo †¶Îmg~‡ni g‡a¨ †m․w` Avi‡ei NvIqvi, Kz‡q‡Zi eviMvb, †gw·‡Kvi †KÈv‡ij Ges

ivwkqvi mv‡gvZji-GLb Drcv`‡bi w`K †_‡K wb¤œgyLx| Gme

e„nr‡¶Îmg~‡ni wb¤œgyLx Drcv`b GKwU eo NUbv| GB ¶wZ cywl‡q

†bqvi Rb¨ †QvU †QvU †¶Îmg~‡ni Dci e¨vcK Pvc m„wó n‡e| Z‡e

Gi gva¨‡gI mgm¨vi mgvavb my`~i civnZ| †h‡nZz gvwK©b ‡Zj LiP

†e‡oB P‡j‡Q †m‡nZz mxwgZ gRy‡ì G R¡vjvbxkw³‡K wN‡i cÖwZØw›ØZv

†e‡oB Pj‡e| GKvi‡Y Biv‡Ki gZ gymwjg we‡k¦i Ab¨vb¨ AskI G

Kv†jv †mvbvi Rb¨ gvwK©bx‡ì ivûMÖv‡mi wkKvi n‡Z cv‡i|

†Zj m¤ú‡ì ¯íZvi Rb¨ bq eis cwðgv we‡k¦i †Z‡ji AwZiwÄZ

eënviB †Zj dzwi‡q hvevi cÖavb KviY|

GKwU hyw³m½Z kvwš cÖ vebvi AvIZvq we‡klZ K‡mv‡fv‡Z GKwU AvšR©vwZK kvwši¶v evwnbx †gvZv‡q‡bi cwiKíbvq

hy‡Mv vwfqvi GK‡cu‡k A¯xK…wZ Rvbv‡bv‡K 1993 mv‡j cwðgviv b¨v‡Uv KZ©…K hy‡Mv vwfqv Avµg‡Yi †cQ‡b KviY wn‡m‡e

D‡jL K‡i _v‡K| b¨v‡Uv KZ ©…K ejKvb AÂ‡j n ‡¶c Ges †evgvel©‡bi gva¨‡g gva¨‡g cwðgviv eZ©gvb „mš¿v‡mi wei‡×

hy×‟ †K ïaygvÎ Bmjv‡gi wei‡× GKwU Awfhvb ej‡Z bvivR; eis Zviv ej‡Z Pvq, c„w_exi †hLv‡b gvbeZv Avµvš nq

wek¦ 85 wgwjqb

BD.Gm.G 20.6 wgwjqb 24%

Pxb 7.8 wgwjqb 9.3%

ivwkqv 2.6 wgwjqb 3.2%

Rvg©vbx 2.3 wgwjqb 2.8%

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mywbwðZ Kiv| Av‡gwiKv †RiRv‡j‡gi AvšR©vwZKxKi‡Yi cÖ‡Póv Pvwj‡q Avm‡Q| †Kbbv †RiRv‡jg A‡bK m¤cÖ`v‡qi

Rb¨ GKwU ¯ck©KvZi ¯vb- we‡klZ Lªx÷vbiv G‡Z †ek mš‧ó n‡e Ges Gi gva¨‡g RvwZms‡Ni bv‡g gvwK©b AvwacZ¨

mywbwðZ Kiv m¤¢e n‡e|

BmivBj Ges gvwK©b hy³iv‡óªi ciivóªbxwZi †¶‡Î eZ©gvb †h Ae¯vb i‡q‡Q Zvi †bc‡_¨ i‡q‡Q †ek wKQy KviY:

1. A‡bK Av‡gwiKvb BmivBjx‡ì cÖwZ GKai‡Yi Av‡ewMK m¤úK© Abyfe K‡i we‡klZ hviv D`vigbv miKvix

†bZ…e„›` Ges cÖPvigva¨g| AwaKvskB BmivB‡ji HwZnvwmK msMªvg, kZvãxi ci kZvãx msL¨vjNy GKwU

Rb‡Mvôxi †eu‡P _vKvi wbweo cÖ‡Póv cªf„wZ‡K h‡_ó kª×vi †Pv‡L †`‡L|

2. Av‡gwiKvb Lªx÷vb‡ì Wvbcšxiv HwZnvwmKfv‡e wgwjqb wgwjqb wicvewjKvb mg_©K‡ì wb‡q memgq wgwWqv I

ivR‣bwZKfv‡e BmivBj‡K I Wvbcšx BmivBjx †bZv‡ì mg_©b w`‡q Avm‡Q| ag©ZË¡ Abymv‡i cweÎ f~wg‡Z

Bû`x‡ì cÖZ¨veZ©b wØZxqevi hxï Lªx÷ Avmevi c~e©kZ© g‡b Kiv nq Ges ejv nq BmivBjx I wdwjw wb‡ì

ga¨Kvi G msNvZ GUvB cÖgvY K‡i ‡h BmivBj Ck¦‡ii BQvq †KejgvÎ Bû`x‡ì|

3. g~javivi Bû`x Ges i¶Ykxj Bû`x msMVbmg~n Z`wei Kiv, Znwej msMÖn, cÖPvigva¨gmg~‡n BmivBjx miKv‡ii

c‡¶ bvMwiK Pvc cÖ‡qvM cÖf„wZi Rb¨ kw³kvjx wmwÛ‡KU •Zix K‡i‡Q| Bû`x mg_©K‡Mvôxi KvR n‡Q BmivBj

iv‡óªi ¯^v‡_©i c‡¶ GKwU cwi‡ek •Zix Kiv Ges D`vigbv I cÖMwZkxj Bû`x‡ì †fZi BmivBjwe‡ivax †PZbvi

wec‡¶ Pvc m„wó Kiv|

4. G.AvB.wc.G.wm (Av‡gwiKvb BmivBj cvewjK A¨v‡dqvm© KwgwU) Ges Ab¨vb¨ Bû`xev`x msMVb¸‡jvi †P‡q A ¿

cÖ¯‧ZKvix †Kv¤úvbx¸‡jv cvuP¸Y †ekx A_© e¨q K‡i Ks‡MÖmbvj cÖPvi I jwei Rb¨| Gme †Kv¤úvbx BmivBj I

ga¨cÖv‡P¨ Av‡gwiKvb wgÎ‡ì Kv‡Q e¨vcK cwigvY A ¿ weµq K‡i _v‡K| †mKvi‡Y wbR GjvKvq Aew¯Z A¯¿ª

we‡µZv †Kv¤úvbx¸‡jvi ¯^v‡_©i w`‡K ZvKv‡j wewfbœ Ks‡MÖmg¨vb‡ì BmivB‡ji c¶ Aej¤b Kiv Qvov Avi wKQzB

Kievi _v‡K bv| BmivB‡j 2 wewjqb Wjv‡ii A ¿ wewµi GK cÖ v‡ei Kv‡Q B‡›`v‡bwkqvq 60 wgwjqb Wjv‡ii

A ¿ wewµi cÖ ve ZvB †av‡c †U‡K bv|

BmivBj Lye mdjfv‡e GKwU ivóª MVb K‡i‡Q Ges `xN©‡gqv`x wewea cwiKíbv ev¯evq‡bi Rb¨ Zvi m¤ú`‡K Kv‡R

jvwM‡q‡Q| Aek¨B cwðgv‡ì cÖZ¨¶ mn‡hvwMZv Qvov AvR‡Ki BmivB‡ji Ae¯vb m¤¢e nZ bv| Z‡e Bû`x‡ì fvlvq Zviv

¯vqx mxgvbvwewkó †mB ivóªwU GLb ch©š Kv‡qg Ki‡Z cv‡iwb hvi f~LÛ¸‡jvi e¨vcv‡i Ck¦‡ii cÖwZkÖwZ i‡q‡Q| Gi

GKwUB KviY| Avi Zv nj gvwK©bx‡ì cwiKíbvi †fZi GUv †bB|

hy³iv‡óªi cwiKíbv Abyhvqx Ggb GKwU Bû`x iv‡óªi K_v i‡q‡Q hvi cv‡k i‡q‡Q GKwU wdwjw¯wb ivóª| BmivB‡ji

BwZnv‡m †h `jwU me‡P‡q †ekx mgq a‡i ¶gZvq wQj Zv nj wjKz` cvwU©-hv BmivB‡ji mxgvbv wba©vi‡Yi Rb¨ gymwjg‡ì

nwU‡q wewfbœ ¯vcbv wbgv©Y K‡i Avm‡Q| wKš‧ †h †Kvb ai‡Yi P~ovš ¯vcbvi Rb¨ Av‡gwiKvi mg_©b BmivB‡ji ìKvi|

†mKvi‡Y gvwK©b I wek¦ cÖPvigva¨g I wewfbœ jwei gva¨‡g Bû`xiv Zv‡ì P~ovš ¯^v_©wmw×i †Póv Pvwj‡q Avm‡Q| e„nËi

BmivB‡ji aviYv †ek RwUj| †Kbbv †jevi cvwU© g‡b K‡i cÖ‡qvR‡b wKQz f~wg Qvo w`‡q n‡jI BmivB‡ji mxgvbv‡K mywbw`©ó

Ki‡Z n‡e| Avi GB Qvo †`qv f~wg cÖ‡qvRb e„nËi BmivB‡ji wbivcËvi Rb¨|

myZivs BmivBj gvwK©b hy³ivóª‡K cy‡ivcywi wbqš¿b K‡i bv eis wewfbœ cwiKíbv MÖn‡Yi ‡¶‡Î cÖfvweZ K‡i gvÎ| Av‡gwiKv

ga¨cÖvP¨‡K msMwVZ Ki‡Q| †ek wKQz ‡¶‡Î hy³ivóª I BmivBj GKB bxwZ MªnY K‡i _v‡K wKš‧ BmivB‡ji Kvi‡Y

Av‡gwiKv Zvi bxwZ †_‡K m‡i Av‡m bv| BmivB‡ji cÖwZ gvwK©b hy³iv‡óªi mg_©b Zvi Ab¨vb¨ wgÎ‡ì cÖwZ mg_©‡bi gZB|

†Kvb ai‡Yi •bwZK `vqe×Zv GLv‡b KvR K‡i bv| hy³iv‡óªi ciivóªbxwZ me©`vB Zvi †K․kjMZ ¯v_©‡K PwiZv_© Kievi

Rb¨B cÖYxZ nq|

1948 mv‡j BmivBj m„wói ci ‡_‡K Gi mvgwiK kw³‡K dzwj‡q duvwc‡q Aciv‡Rq wn‡m‡e Zz‡j aievi Ac‡Póv Pvjv‡bv

n‡q‡Q| gRvi e¨vcvi nj G ai‡Yi Avlv‡pi Mí BmivBj wb‡R ¯^cÖ‡Yvw`Z bv n‡q hZUv cÖKvk Kievi †Póv K‡i‡Q Zvi

†P‡q †ekx KvR K‡i‡Q wek¦vmNvZK gymwjg kvmK¸‡jv|

1948, 1956, 1967 I 1973 Gi hy&×¸‡jv‡Z cvi`wk©Zv mvgwiK‡¶‡Î BmivB‡ji cwi®‥vi cÖvavb¨‡K cÖgvY K‡i| G

cwi®‥vi cÖvavb¨ I gymwjg f~wgi Rei`Lj Avie ivóªmg~n‡K GB aviYv †`q †h, mvgwiK bq eis K~U‣bwZK mg‡SvZvB

GKgvÎ ev¯em¤§Z weKí| †mKvi‡Y kvwš cÖwµqvi bv‡g wewfbœ cwiKíbvq BmivB‡ji mve©‡f․gZ¡‡K ¯^xKvi K‡i wb‡q

wm×vš MÖnY Ki‡Z nq|

BmivB‡ji GB mvgwiK ¶gZv m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvKcvZ Ki‡Z n‡j cÖ_‡gB eyS‡Z n‡e †Kvb ¯^v‡_© G ai‡Yi Avlv‡p M‡íi

cÖPjb Kiv n‡q‡Q?

1948 mvj wQj BmivBj iv‡óªi m„wói eQi| evwn¨Kfv‡e GUv eySv hv‡Q bv wKfv‡e 40 wgwjqb Avie gvÎ 600000 Bû`xi

mv‡_ hy‡× †c‡i DVj bv| cÖwZ‡ekx ivóªmgy‡ni eZ©gvb I AZxZ f~wgKv BmivB‡ji cÖwZôvi †cQ‡b e¨vcK f~wgKv cvjb

K‡i‡Q|

UªvÝRW©v‡bi ev`kvn Ave`yjvn, wgk‡ii ev`kvn dviK, c¨v‡j÷vB‡bi gydwZMY mK‡jB e„wUk wbqwš¿Z `~e©j kvmK wQ‡jb-

hviv cÖv_wgKfv‡e wdwjw¯bx‡ì cÖwZwbwa wQj| ev`kvn Ave`yjvn wb‡R‡K wdwjw¯bx‡ì i¶vKeP wn‡m‡e `vex KivUv wQj

Qjbv gvÎ| †kvbv hvq wZwb Ges BmivB‡ji cÖ_g cÖavbgš¿x †eb ¸wiqb GKmv‡_ B¯v¤^y‡j cov‡kvbv Ki‡Zb Ges GKwU

†Mvcb •eV‡K Ave`yjvn‡K Avie RbAay¨wlZ AÂj wdwjw¯‡bi Dci RW©v‡bi wbqš¿‡bi wewbg‡q BmivB‡ji cÖwZôv‡K MÖnY

K‡i †bevi cÖ ve Kiv nq|

ev`kvn Ave`yjvni we`v‡qi mgq Avie RbM‡Yi g‡a¨ Bs‡iR †Rbv‡ij Rb Mv‡ei †bZ…‡Z¡ 4500 †jv‡Ki GKwU mycÖwkw¶Z

BDwbUI wQj| Mve Zvi ¯§„wZPvi‡Y D‡jL K‡i‡Qb †h, e„‡U‡bi c¶ †_‡K Zv‡K Kov wb‡ ©k †`qv wQj hv‡Z wZwb Bû`x

wbqwš¿Z GjvKv¸‡jv‡Z cÖ‡ek bv K‡ib| wgki BmivB‡ji Dci Avµg†bi avi Kwg‡q †`q Ges ZLb cÖavbgš¿x bvKivwk

cvkv wbqwgZ †mbvevwnbx‡K Avµg‡bi `vwqZ¡ †_‡K mwi‡q gvÎ †meQ‡ii Rvbyqvix‡Z MwVZ nIqv †¯^Qv‡meK evwnbx †cÖiY

K‡i| RW©vb Zvi AÂj w`‡q hvevi mgq BivKx †mbvevwnbxi hvÎv‡K cÖjw¤^Z K‡i BmivB‡j nvgjvi e¨vcv‡i cÖwZeÜKZv

m„wó K‡i| GKvi‡b RW©v‡bi †mbvevwnbxi g‡bvej RvwM‡q Zzjevi Rb¨ wb‡qvM cvIqv GKRb AÜ Bgvg hy‡× AcÖ¯Z ev`kvn

Ave`yjvn‡K GB e‡j AcgvwbZ K‡iwQ‡jb †h, Ò‡n †mbvevwnbx hw` †Zvgiv Avgv‡ì n‡ZÓ (Avie AÂj weªwUk KZ©„‡Z¡i

Awab¯ nIqvi w`‡K Bw½Z K‡i)|

40000 gymwjg •m‡bï g‡a¨ gvÎ 10000 wQj cÖwkw¶Z| Bû`x‡ì 30000 mk¯¿ †hv×v wQj, 10000 ¯vbxq wbivcËvq

wb‡qvwRZ Ges Ab¨ 25000 wQj Avf¨šixY wbivcËvi Rb¨| GQvovI 3000 Gi gZ Bi¸b I óvY© M¨vs mš¿vmx wQj|

mieivn Kiv nq mev©aywbK gviYv ¿ Ges weª‡Ub Ges Av‡gwiKvi Rvqbev`x msMVb¸‡jv Zv‡ì A_©vqb K‡i| Bû`x‡ì cÖ¯wZ

QvovI gymwjg kvmK‡ì Pig wek¦vmNvZKZv wdwjw¯‡b Rvqbev`x‡ì AvLov Mo‡Z e¨vcK f~wgKv cvjb K‡i|

G hy×wU †Kvbµ‡gB wdwjw wb‡ì ¯^vaxbZvi Rb¨ wQj bv, eis GwU wQj †K․kjMZfv‡e ¸iZ¡c~Y© my‡qR Lvj‡K wbqš¿‡bi

Rb¨ Av‡gwiKv I e„‡U‡bi ga¨Kvi GKwU msNvZ|

ga¨cÖv‡P¨ gvwK©b cÖwZcwË‡K mymsnZ Kievi Rb¨ wgki‡K Zviv ¸iZ¡c~Y© mn‡hvMx wn‡m‡e †`‡LwQj| wm.AvB.G-i mnvqZv

wb‡q 1952 mv‡j GKwU Af~Ìv‡bi gva¨‡g e„wUk AbyMZ ev`kvn dviK‡K AcmviY K‡i Rvgvj Avãyj bv‡m‡ii †bZ…‡Z¡ wd«

Awdmvm©-†K ¶gZvq wb‡q Avmv nq| “GKRb gymwjg wewj MÖvnvg- Gi †Luv‡R (The Search for a Moslem Billy

Graham)” bv‡g 1951 mv‡j wm.AvB.G GKwU cÖ‡R± cwiPvjbv K‡i| wm.AvB.G Kg©KZ©v gvBK †Kvcj¨vÛ 1989 mv‡j „w`

†Mg †cqvi‟ bvgK m¥viKMÖ‡š D‡jL K‡ib wKfv‡e Zv‡ì cÖZ¨¶ g`‡` e„wUk cyZyj kvmK ev`kvn dviK‡K Kz¨ Gi gva¨‡g

AcmviY Kiv nq| GB cÖ‡R‡±i `vwq‡Z¡ _vKv †Kvcj¨vÛ eY©Yv K‡ib †h, ÕAÎ AÂ‡j Av‡gwiKvwe‡ivax cÖPviYv‡K i‚Levi

Rb¨ wm.AvB.G Gi GKRb AwZ RbwcÖq Zz‡Lvo †bZvi ìKvi n‡q c‡owQj|Õ wZwb AviI D‡jL K‡ib †h, wm.AvB.G Ges

bv‡m‡ii g‡a¨ BmivB‡ji e¨vcv‡i GKwU Pzw³ nq| hwÌ bv‡m‡ii mv‡_ BmivB‡ji hy‡×i e¨vcv‡i Av‡jvPbv Kiv wQj wbZvš

B A‡h․w³K| Av‡jvPbvi welq wQj my‡qR Lv‡ji Dci e„wUk KZ…©Z¡‡K Lv‡Uv Kiv| †Kbbv weª‡Ub wQj bv‡m‡ii kÎ|

1956 mv‡j bv‡mi Av‡gwiKvi `vwe †gvZv‡eK my‡qR Lvj‡K RvZxqKiY K‡i| weª‡U‡bi cÖ‡Póv wQj Gi mv‡_ d«vÝ Ges

BmivBj‡K mshy³ Kiv| HwZnvwmK K‡iwj ev‡b©U Zvi Ô w` Kjvá Ae weªwUk cvIqvi (weªwUk KZ©„‡Z¡i cZb)Õ MÖ‡š D‡jL

K‡ib, Ôd«vÝ bv‡m‡ii cÖwZ wei‚c wQj KviY wgki Avj‡RwiI we‡`ªv‡ni mvnvh¨ KiwQj Ges HwZnvwmK †cÖ¶vc‡U dÖvÝ GB

Lv‡ji mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z wQj †Kbbv GKRb divmx GwU Lbb K‡iwQ‡jb| wdwjw¯—‡bi wd‡`Bb nvgjv Ges wgki KZ©„K wZivb

cÖbvjxi Ae‡iv‡ai Kvi‡b BmivCj †h‡Kvb Dcv‡q bv‡m‡ii wei‚‡× Awfhvb Pvjv‡bvi A‡c¶vq wQj| †mKvi‡Y m¨vi

A¨vš’bx G‡Wb (weªwUk cÖavbgš¿x) d«vÝ Ges BmivB‡ji mv‡_ GKwU wÎc¶xq K~U cwiKíbv nv‡Z ‡bb |Õ wZwb AviI e‡jb,

‘wmbvB DcØxc GjvKv w`‡q BmivBj wgki‡K `Lj K‡i †b‡e| weª‡Ub Ges d«vÝ ZLb wee`gvb c¶¸‡jv‡K hy× eÜ Kievi

Rb¨ GKwU mgqmxgv †e‡a †`‡e A_ev LvjwU‡K ‘i¶vi’ Rb¨ n¯—‡¶c Ki‡e|Õ

gvwK©b hy³ivóª Ges †mvwf‡qZ BDwbqb m‡i hvevi Rb¨ weª‡U‡bi Dci K~U‣bwZK Pvc cÖ‡qvM K‡i| ivwkqv- jÛb Ges

c¨vwim‡K cvigvYweK nvgjvi ûgwK †`q| e¨vcK AvšR©vwZK Pv‡ci Kvi‡Y weª‡Ub Ges d«vÝ wgki †_‡K m‡i Avm‡Z eva¨

nq| AvB‡RbnvIqvi Gi †bZ…Z¡vaxb gvwK©b cÖkvmb A_©‣bwZK Ae‡iva Av‡iv‡ci gva¨‡g BmivBj‡K AwaK…Z wgk‡ii f~wg

†_‡K m‡i Avmevi Rb¨ Pvc w`‡Z _v‡K-hwÌ BmivB‡ji Rb¨ ZLb G ai‡Yi wm×vš MÖnY Kiv wQj AmyweavRbK| Avi

GiciB gvwK©bxiv ga¨cÖv‡P¨ cÖvavb¨ we¯viKvix kw³ wn‡m‡e Avwef~©Z nq|

G hy×wUI wQj G AÂ‡j B½-gvwK©b Avwac‡Zï Ø‡›Øi ewntcÖKvk| cÖfve we¯ viKvix kw³ wn‡m‡e 11 eQi Av‡M f~wgKv Le©

n‡jI RW©vb, wmwiqv I BmivB‡j weª‡U‡bi cÖwZ AbyMZ kvmKMY ZLbI wQj| bv‡mi‡K ye©j Kievi j‡¶¨ fwel¨Z kvwš

cÖwµqvq ì KlvKwli DcKiY wn‡m‡e wgk‡ii wKQz f~wg `Lj K‡i †bevi Rb¨ weª‡Ub BmivBj‡K hy‡× wjß n‡Z eva¨ K‡i|

1967 mv‡ji 5 Ryb Zvwi‡L BmivBj AvµgY K‡i wgk‡ii kZKiv 60 fvM f~wg‡Z Ae¯vbiZ wegvbevwnbx Ges wmwiqv I

RW©v‡bi kZKiv 66 fvM hy×iZ wegvbevwnbx aŸwm‡q †`q| RW©vb wbqwš¿Z cwðg Zxi I c~e© †RiRv‡jg BmivBj `Lj K‡i

‡bq| hy‡×i Av‡M ev`kvn †nv‡mb Zvi †mbvevwnbx‡K g~j hy×‡¶Î †_‡K A‡bK y‡i mwi‡q iv‡L| gvÎ 48 N›Uvi g‡a¨ cwðg

Zx‡ii ¸iZ¡c~Y© knimg~n BmivBj `Lj K‡i †bq| hy‡×i lô w`‡bi gv_vq Zviv †K․kjMZfv‡e ¸iZ¡c~Y© †Mvjvb gvjf~wg

`Lj K‡i †bq| ‡Mvjvb gvjf~wg‡Z Ae vbiZ wmixq †mbvevwnbx Zv‡ì wbR¯ ivóªwbqwš¿Z †eZv‡ii gva¨‡g Rvb‡Z cv‡i

BmivBj †Mvjvb gvjf~wg `Lj K‡i wb‡q‡Q-hwÌ ZLbI †Mvjvb gvjf~wg wmwiqvi AwaKv‡iB wQj| wZiv‡b hvevi Rjc_

kvg©-Avj-†kL `Lj K‡i †bevi gva¨‡g BmivBj gvwK©bcšx bv‡mi‡K fqven av°v †`q| bv‡m‡ii ¶gZv‡K Le© Kivi j¶¨

AwR©Z nq Ges AÎ AÂ‡j weªwUk AvwacZ¨ cvKv†cv³ nq| BmivB‡ji AviI f~wg `Lj K‡i †bevi m¶gZv wQj Ges

1948 mv‡ji gZ `L‡ji LvwZ‡i `L‡ji Rb¨ bq eis GUv‡K GLb ch©š kvwš cÖwµqvq ì KlvKwli Rb¨ eënvi Kiv

n‡Q| 1947 mv‡j RvwZmsN wefvRb cwiKíbvi (UN Partition plan) AvIZvq BmivBj‡K kZKiv 57 fvM f~wg I

wdwjw bx‡ì kZKiv 42 fvM f~wg cÖ`vb K‡i| wKš‧ 1967 mv‡ji hy‡×i gva¨‡g BmivBj GUv‡K evwo‡q HwZnvwmK wdwjw¯

‡bi 78 fvM `Lj K‡i †bq|

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