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チャームで見るエキゾチックハドロン・原子核
KEK安井 繁宏
「J-PARCで展開されるハドロン原子核物理」研究会@KEK 10-11 June 2011
1. Introduction2. Symmetry and dynamics of heavy quark hadrons3. New charmed heavy hadrons and nuclei4. Experimental researches5. Summary
Contents
Eichten in QWG 2008 Nara
Many new cc states above threshold
quarkonium cc
quarkonium cc+ exotic states
1. Introduction
Eichten in QWG 2008 Nara
Many new cc states above threshold
quarkonium cc
quarkonium cc+ exotic states
1. Introduction
Eichten in QWG 2008 Nara
Many new cc states above threshold
quarkonium cc
quarkonium cc+ exotic states
1. Introduction
1. IntroductionX(3872), X(3940), Y(4260), Z(4430)+, ... Yb , Zb, ...
ccd
u
Z(4430)+ (Zb)Y(4260)
c
cgc
cu
u
X(3872)
ccd
u
ccg hybridS. L. Zhu (2005)
Why are they exotic?- unusual decay widths and branching ratios- mass difference from cc in quark model (〜100 MeV)
DD* (ccuu) moleculeTornqvist (1991)
ccud (bbud)really tetraquark
ccudreally tetraquark
DD* threshold ? gluon dynamics ? new correlation ? diquark correlation ?
Tcc1
1. IntroductionX(3872), X(3940), Y(4260), Z(4430)+, ... Yb , Zb, ...
ccd
u
Z(4430)+ (Zb)Y(4260)
c
cgc
cu
u
X(3872)
ccd
u
ccg hybridS. L. Zhu (2005)
Why are they exotic?- unusual decay widths and branching ratios- mass difference from cc in quark model (〜100 MeV)
DD* (ccuu) moleculeTornqvist (1991)
ccud (bbud)really tetraquark
ccudreally tetraquark
DD* threshold ? gluon dynamics ? new correlation ? diquark correlation ?
Tcc1
What states are allowed as solutions of QCD?Can we construct effective theories from QCD?
2. Symmetry and dynamicsof heavy quark hadrons
u d s c bm
ΛQCD
3 5 150 200 1500 4700
Chiral Symmetry
SU(3)L x SU(3)R
[MeV]
π, K as Nambu-Goldstone bosonsChiral multiplets (ρ-a1, N-N*, ...)Nucleus formed by tensor forceHypernuclei as g.s. of QCD matter...
2. Symmetry and dynamicsof heavy quark hadrons
u d s c bm
ΛQCD
3 5 150 200 1500 4700
Chiral Symmetry
SU(3)L x SU(3)R
[MeV]
π, K as Nambu-Goldstone bosons
Nucleus formed by tensor forceHypernuclei as g.s. of QCD matter...
Chiral multiplets (ρ-a1, N-N*, ...)
2. Symmetry and dynamicsof heavy quark hadrons
u d s c bm
ΛQCD
3 5 150 200 1500 4700
Chiral Symmetry
SU(3)L x SU(3)R
[MeV]
π, K as Nambu-Goldstone bosons
Nucleus formed by tensor forceHypernuclei as g.s. of QCD matter...
SU(4)L x SU(4)R
Chiral Symmetry
Chiral multiplets (ρ-a1, N-N*, ...)
SU(3)f symmetry SU(4)f symmetry ?
ρ+ρ- ρ0 ω
K*+
K*- K*0
K*0
φ
π+π- π0 η
K+
K-
K0
K0
η’
D+D0Ds
+
D-D0
Ds-
vector
pseudo-scalar
D*+D*0Ds*+
D*-D*0
Ds*-
mps
mv
SU(3)f symmetry SU(4)f symmetry ?
ρ+ρ- ρ0 ω
K*+
K*- K*0
K*0
φ
π+π- π0 η
K+
K-
K0
K0
η’
Ds+
D+D0
D-D0
Ds-
D*+D*0Ds*+
D*-D*0
Ds*-
pseudo-scalar
vector
mps
mv
SU(3)f symmetry SU(4)f symmetry ?
ρ+ρ- ρ0 ω
K*+
K*- K*0
K*0
φ
π+π- π0 η
K+
K-
K0
K0
η’
Ds+
D+D0
D-D0
Ds-
D*+D*0Ds*+
D*-D*0
Ds*-
pseudo-scalar
vector
mps
mv
SU(3)f symmetry SU(4)f symmetry ?
π+π- π0 η
K+
K-
K0
K0
η’
D+D0Ds
+
D-D0
Ds-
pseudo-scalar
ρ+ρ- ρ0 ω
K*+
K*- K*0
K*0
φ
D*+D*0Ds*+
D*-D*0
Ds*-
vector
mps
mv
SU(3)f symmetry SU(4)f symmetry ?
π+π- π0 η
K+
K-
K0
K0
η’
D+D0Ds
+
D-D0
Ds-
pseudo-scalar
ρ+ρ- ρ0 ω
K*+
K*- K*0
K*0
φ
D*+D*0Ds*+
D*-D*0
Ds*-
vector
mps
mv
SU(3)f symmetry SU(4)f symmetry ?
π+π- π0 η
K+
K-
K0
K0
η’
D+D0Ds
+
D-D0
Ds-
pseudo-scalar
ρ+ρ- ρ0 ω
K*+
K*- K*0
K*0
φ
D*+D*0Ds*+
D*-D*0
Ds*-
vector
mps
mv
SU(3)f symmetry SU(4)f symmetry ?
π+π- π0 η
K+
K-
K0
K0
η’
D+D0Ds
+
D-D0
Ds-
pseudo-scalar
D*+D*0Ds*+
D*-D*0
Ds*-
ρ+ρ- ρ0 ω
K*+
K*- K*0
K*0
φ
vector
mps
mv
SU(3)f symmetry SU(4)f symmetry ?
π+π- π0 η
K+
K-
K0
K0
η’
D+D0Ds
+
D-D0
Ds-
pseudo-scalar
D*+D*0Ds*+
D*-D*0
Ds*-
ρ+ρ- ρ0 ω
K*+
K*- K*0
K*0
φ
vector
mps
mv
D*+D*0Ds*+
D*-D*0
Ds*-
SU(3)f symmetry SU(4)f symmetry ?
π+π- π0 η
K+
K-
K0
K0
η’
D+D0Ds
+
D-D0
Ds-
pseudo-scalar
ρ+ρ- ρ0 ω
K*+
K*- K*0
K*0
φ
vector
mps
mv
D*+D*0Ds*+
D*-D*0
Ds*-
SU(3)f symmetry SU(4)f symmetry ?
π+π- π0 η
K+
K-
K0
K0
η’
D+D0Ds
+
D-D0
Ds-
pseudo-scalar
ρ+ρ- ρ0 ω
K*+
K*- K*0
K*0
φ
vector
mps
mv
D*+D*0Ds*+
D*-D*0
Ds*-
SU(3)f symmetry SU(4)f symmetry ?
π+π- π0 η
K+
K-
K0
K0
η’
D+D0Ds
+
D-D0
Ds-
pseudo-scalar
ρ+ρ- ρ0 ω
K*+
K*- K*0
K*0
φ
vector
mps
mv
D*+D*0Ds*+
D*-D*0
Ds*-
SU(3)f symmetry SU(4)f symmetry ?
π+π- π0 η
K+
K-
K0
K0
η’D+D0
Ds+
D-D0
Ds-
pseudo-scalar
ρ+ρ- ρ0 ω
K*+
K*- K*0
K*0
φ
vector
mps
mv
D*+D*0Ds*+
D*-D*0
Ds*-
SU(3)f symmetry SU(4)f symmetry ?
π+π- π0 η
K+
K-
K0
K0
η’D+D0
Ds+
D-D0
Ds-
pseudo-scalar
ρ+ρ- ρ0 ω
K*+
K*- K*0
K*0
φ
vector
mps
mv
D*+D*0Ds*+
D*-D*0
Ds*-
SU(3)f symmetry SU(4)f symmetry ?
π+π- π0 η
K+
K-
K0
K0
η’ D+D0Ds
+
D-D0
Ds-
pseudo-scalar
ρ+ρ- ρ0 ω
K*+
K*- K*0
K*0
φ
vector
mps
mv
D*+D*0Ds*+
D*-D*0
Ds*-
SU(3)f symmetry SU(4)f symmetry ?
π+π- π0 η
K+
K-
K0
K0
η’ D+D0Ds
+
D-D0
Ds-
pseudo-scalar
ρ+ρ- ρ0 ω
K*+
K*- K*0
K*0
φ
vector
mps
mv
D*+D*0Ds*+
D*-D*0
Ds*-
SU(3)f symmetry SU(4)f symmetry ?
π+π- π0 η
K+
K-
K0
K0
η’ D+D0Ds
+
D-D0
Ds-
pseudo-scalar
ρ+ρ- ρ0 ω
K*+
K*- K*0
K*0
φ
vector
mps
mv
D*+D*0Ds*+
D*-D*0
Ds*-
SU(3)f symmetry SU(4)f symmetry ?
π+π- π0 η
K+
K-
K0
K0
η’D+D0
Ds+
D-D0
Ds-
pseudo-scalar
ρ+ρ- ρ0 ω
K*+
K*- K*0
K*0
φ
vector
mps
mv
D*+D*0Ds*+
D*-D*0
Ds*-
SU(3)f symmetry SU(4)f symmetry ?
π+π- π0 η
K+
K-
K0
K0
η’D+D0
Ds+
D-D0
Ds-
pseudo-scalar
ρ+ρ- ρ0 ω
K*+
K*- K*0
K*0
φ
vector
mps
mv
D*+D*0Ds*+
D*-D*0
Ds*-
SU(3)f symmetry SU(4)f symmetry ?
π+π- π0 η
K+
K-
K0
K0
η’D+D0
Ds+
D-D0
Ds-
pseudo-scalar
ρ+ρ- ρ0 ω
K*+
K*- K*0
K*0
φ
vector
mps
mv
400-600 MeV
140 MeV
D*+D*0Ds*+
D*-D*0
Ds*-
SU(3)f symmetry SU(4)f symmetry ?
π+π- π0 η
K+
K-
K0
K0
η’D+D0
Ds+
D-D0
Ds-
pseudo-scalar
ρ+ρ- ρ0 ω
K*+
K*- K*0
K*0
φ
vector
mD ≈ mD*
mps
mv
400-600 MeV
140 MeV
D*+D*0Ds*+
D*-D*0
Ds*-
SU(3)f symmetry SU(4)f symmetry ?
π+π- π0 η
K+
K-
K0
K0
η’D+D0
Ds+
D-D0
Ds-
pseudo-scalar
ρ+ρ- ρ0 ω
K*+
K*- K*0
K*0
φ
vector
Heavy Quark Symmetry
mps
mv
mD ≈ mD*
400-600 MeV
140 MeV
Heavy Quark Symmetry
c quark
u quark
D0 meson (cu)1865 MeV
Heavy Quark Symmetry
c quark
u quark
quark loop
gluon self-int.
D0 meson (cu)1865 MeV
D0 meson (cu)
Heavy Quark Symmetry
c quark
u quark
quark loop
gluon self-int.
1865 MeV
D0 meson (cu)
Heavy Quark Symmetry
c quark
u quark
quark loop
gluon self-int.
1865 MeV
D0 meson (cu)
Heavy Quark Symmetry
c quark
u quark
quark loop
gluon self-int.
1865 MeV
D0 meson (cu)
Heavy Quark Symmetry
c quark
u quark
quark loop
gluon self-int.
1865 MeV
mD ≈ mD*
2. Symmetry and dynamicsof heavy quark hadrons
u d s c bm
ΛQCD
3 5 150 200 1500 4700
Chiral Symmetry
SU(3)L x SU(3)R
[MeV]
π, K as Nambu-Goldstone bosons
Nuclei formed by tensor forceHypernuclei as g.s. of QCD matter...
SU(4)L x SU(4)R
Chiral Symmetry
Chiral multiplets (ρ-a1, N-N*, ...)
2. Symmetry and dynamicsof heavy quark hadrons
u d s c bm
ΛQCD
3 5 150 200 1500 4700
Chiral SymmetryHeavy QuarkSymmetry
SU(3)L x SU(3)R SU(2)spin x SU(Nh)
[MeV]
π, K as Nambu-Goldstone bosons
Nuclei formed by tensor forceHypernuclei as g.s. of QCD matter...
D-D* (Σc-Σc*, Ξcc-Ξcc*) mass degeneracy (heavy quark sym.)
Charmed nuclei ?
More exotics? (like Tcc with no pion decay)
Chiral multiplets (ρ-a1, N-N*, ...)
3. New exotic hadrons and nuclei
tetraquark Tcc1
ccd
u
N
D
D and nucleon
NK
K N
π, , ⟩
Weinberg-Tomozawa One pion exchange potential(OPEP)
ND(*)
D(*) N
NB(*)
B(*) N
One pion is absent.(short range force)
One pion is present.(long range force)
KN interaction D(B)N interaction
π, , ⟩ π, , ⟩
S. Y. and K. Sudoh, PRD80, 034008 (2009)Y. Yamaguchi, S. Ohkoda, S. Y., A. Hosaka, arXiv:1105.0734
D and nucleon
3. New exotic hadrons and nuclei
with
G. Burdman and J.F. Donoghue (1992)M.B. Wise (1992)T.-M. Yan, H.-Y. Cheng, C.-Y. Cheung, G.-L. Lin, Y.C. Lin and H.-L. Yu (1997)
vector + pseudoscalar
Heavy Quark Symmetry
D(*)
D(*)
N
N
π-exchange pot.
π, , ⟩
P=D, B
S. Y. and K. Sudoh, PRD80, 034008 (2009)
ω and ρ-exchange pot. Y. Yamaguchi, S. Ohkoda, S. Y., A. Hosaka,arXiv:1105.0734
D and nucleon
3. New exotic hadrons and nuclei
I(JP)=0(1/2-)
I(JP)=0(3/2-)
DN(2S1/2), D*N(2S1/2), D*N(4D1/2)
DN(2D3/2), D*N(4S3/2), D*N(4D3/2), D*N(2D3/2)
See Y. Yamaguchi, S. Ohkoda, S. Y., A. Hosaka, arXiv:1105.0734, for omega and rho-exchange potential.
D and nucleon
3. New exotic hadrons and nuclei
DN bound state
140 MeV
B.E. 2 MeV
D*N
DN
I(JP)=0(1/2-)
BN
B*N
BN bound state
45 MeV
B.E. 22 MeV
S. Y. and K. Sudoh, PRD80, 034008 (2009)
I(JP)=0(1/2-)
D and nucleon
Y. Yamaguchi, S. Ohkoda, S. Y., A. Hosaka,arXiv:1105.0734
3. New exotic hadrons and nuclei
140 MeV Γ = 17 MeV
D*N
DN resonance
20 MeV
DN
I(JP)=0(3/2-)
Y. Yamaguchi, S. Ohkoda, S. Y., A. Hosaka,arXiv:1105.0734
D and nucleon
3. New exotic hadrons and nuclei
140 MeV Γ = 17 MeVI(JP)=0(3/2-)
D*N
DN resonance
20 MeV
DN
Feshbach resonance
D and nucleon
Y. Yamaguchi, S. Ohkoda, S. Y., A. Hosaka,arXiv:1105.0734
3. New exotic hadrons and nuclei
BN
B*N
BN resonance
140 MeV
45 MeVΓ = 0.13 MeV
8 MeV
Γ = 17 MeV
D*N
DN resonance
20 MeV
DN
I(JP)=0(3/2-)
I(JP)=0(3/2-)
D and nucleon
Y. Yamaguchi, S. Ohkoda, S. Y., A. Hosaka,arXiv:1105.0734
3. New exotic hadrons and nuclei
BN
B*N
BN resonance
140 MeV
45 MeVΓ = 0.13 MeV
8 MeV
Γ = 17 MeV
D*N
DN resonance
20 MeV
DN
I(JP)=0(3/2-)
I(JP)=0(1/2-) bound stateI(JP)=0(3/2-) narrow resonance state
heavy quark mass dependence is very interesting!
I(JP)=0(3/2-)
D and nucleon
Y. Yamaguchi, S. Ohkoda, S. Y., A. Hosaka,arXiv:1105.0734
3. New exotic hadrons and nuclei
Λ(1405)
KN
πΣ
1433 MeV
1330 MeV
ΞN
ΛΛ
2255 MeV
2230MeV
H dibaryon
BN6217 MeV
BN state
DN2807 MeV
DN state2946 MeV
6263 MeVD*N B*N
3. New exotic hadrons and nuclei
Λ(1405)
KN
πΣ
1433 MeV
1330 MeV
ΞN
ΛΛ
2255 MeV
2230MeV
H dibaryon
K nuclei
Hypernuclei
Charm/Bottom nuclei
BN6217 MeV
BN state
DN2807 MeV
DN state2946 MeV
6263 MeVD*N B*N
3. New exotic hadrons and nuclei
|Strange Nuclei 〉 = U|Normal Nuclei〉
proton
neutron
Strangeness
Hyperons (Λ, Σ, Ξ, ...)K meson cf. Λ(1405)
Norml Nucleus
U : unitary transformation SU(3)f for some rep.
3. New exotic hadrons and nuclei
|Strange Nuclei 〉 = U|Normal Nuclei〉
proton
neutron
Strangeness
Hyperons (Λ, Σ, Ξ, ...)K meson cf. Λ(1405)
Norml Nucleus
U : unitary transformation SU(3)f for some represetationBB system 8 x 8 = 1 + 8s + 8a + 10 + 10* + 27 Inoue et al.
PTP124, 591 (2010)
3. New exotic hadrons and nuclei
Charm
proton
neutron
CharmedBaryons (Λc, Σc, Ξcc, ...)Mesons (ηc, J/ψ, D, ...)
Norml Nucleus
|Charmed Nuclei 〉 ≠ U|Normal Nuclei〉
No unitary transformation
3. New exotic hadrons and nuclei
ccd
u
Tcc1
dc+
Spin-color int. sBa (a=1,..,8) induces
cc pair
cu pair
ud pair
1/mQ2
1/mQ1
1/mQ0
?
dominant attraction (3c, 3f, s=0)
further suppressed
D*-D0
uc
suppressed
tetraquark Tcc1
Carlson, Heller, Tjon (1988)Silvestre-Brac and Semay (1993)Manohar and Wise (1993)Lee, SY, Liu and Ko (2008)Lee and SY (2009)
„explicitly“ exotic
I(JP)=0(1+)
3. New exotic hadrons and nuclei
ccd
u
Tcc1
dc+
Spin-color int. sBa (a=1,..,8) induces
cc pair
cu pair
ud pair
1/mQ2
1/mQ1
1/mQ0 dominant attraction (3c, 3f, s=0)
further suppressed
D*-D0
uc
suppressed
tetraquark Tcc1
No strong decay
Carlson, Heller, Tjon (1988)Silvestre-Brac and Semay (1993)Manohar and Wise (1993)Lee, SY, Liu and Ko (2008)Lee and SY (2009)
„explicitly“ exotic
I(JP)=0(1+)
3. New exotic hadrons and nuclei
ccd
u
Tcc1
dc+
D*-D0
uc
tetraquark Tcc1
No strong decay
Carlson, Heller, Tjon (1988)Silvestre-Brac and Semay (1993)Manohar and Wise (1993)Lee, SY, Liu and Ko (2008)Lee and SY (2009)
„explicitly“ exotic
Binding energy of Tcc(bb)1 [MeV]
→ Tcc(bb)1 are stable as 3f multiplet of SU(3)f.
I(JP)=0(1+)
3. New exotic hadrons and nuclei
tetraquark Tcc1
ccd
u
N
D
D and nucleon
e+e- collisionspp (ppbar) collisionsheavy ion collisions
✔
✔
3. New exotic hadrons and nuclei
4. Experimental researchesExotic hadrons from heavy ion collisions at RHIC and LHC
Nucleus Nucleus
4. Experimental researchesExotic hadrons from heavy ion collisions at RHIC and LHC
Nucleus Nucleus
QGP
4. Experimental researchesExotic hadrons from heavy ion collisions at RHIC and LHC
Hadron phase
QGP
p, Λ, ...
π, K, ...
f0, a0, ...
Λ3H
Exotics?
STAR (2003)
STAR (2010)
4. Experimental researchesExotic hadrons from heavy ion collisions at RHIC and LHC
Hadron phasep, Λ, ...
π, K, ...
f0, a0, ...
Λ3H
Exotics?
STAR (2003)
STAR (2010)
4. Experimental researchesExotic hadrons from heavy ion collisions at RHIC and LHC
ExHIC (Exotics from Heavy Ion Collisions) collaborationS. Cho (Yonsei U.), T. Furumoto (YITP and RIKEN), T. Hyodo (Tokyo Inst. Technology), D. Jido (YITP), C.-M. Ko (Texas A&M U.), S. H. Lee (Yonsei U. and YITP), M. Nielsen (U. de Paulo), A. Ohnishi (YITP), T. Sekihara (YITP and Kyoto U.), K. Yazaki (YITP and RIKEN), S. Y. (KEK)
S. Cho et al. (the ExHIC collaboration), PRL106, 212001 (2011)
4. Experimental researchesYields of exotic hadrons at RHIC and LHC
Normal hadron0.2
1Hadron molecule
Multi-quark
4. Experimental researchesHadron molecule vs. multi-quark
CERN, 2 Dec. 2010 J. Schukraft
4. Experimental researches
CERN, 2 Dec. 2010 J. Schukraft
4. Experimental researches
5. Summary
Heavy quarks have new symmetry and dynamics.
Many exotic heavy hadrons and nuclei.
Searches in e+e-, pp (ppbar) and heavy ion collisions.
Heavy quark symmetryD-D* mixing...
Tcc1
Zb (I=1)DbarN bound and resonance states...