ძროხის მოზარდის გამოზრდა

თბილისი 2018

ფერმერებისათვის

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mozardis gamozrda fermeris saqmianobaSi yvelaze rTuli da sapasuxismgeblo procesia. masze didad aris damokidebuli moSenebuli naxiris momavali produqtiuloba da warmoebi-dan miRebuli Semosavali. cu-dad gamozrdili, dakninebuli mozardsagan, ramdenadac kargi jiSis ar unda iyos, ver miReba didtaniani da maRalproduqti-uli furi. amitom, sakuTari pi-rutyvis gaumjobesebaze zrunva fermerma unda daiwyos xbos swo-ri gamozrdiT. mozardis gamozr-dis sitema mraval teqnologiur sakiTxs moicavs, romelTa Ses-ruleba unda moxdes zooveteri-nariuli wesebis sruli dacviT.

make furis kveba da movla

monaSenze zrunva iwyeba furis dasagrileblad momzadebiT da kargi sanaSene Rirsebis buRasTan SewyvilebiT. janmrTeli nayofis misaRebad furi dagrilebaze gaSvebul unda iqnes mogebidan 60-85 dRis Semdeg. dagrilebis wina periodSi furi gansa-kuTrebiT kargad unda ikvebodes. aucilebelia aikrZalos furebis Tavisufali dagrileba, rac mra-vali daavadebis da susti namatis miRebis erT-erTi mizezia.

nayofis normaluri ganviTarebi-saTvis saWiroa mogebamde 50-60 dRiT adre make furis gaSroba. am periodSi, nayofi cocxal masa-Si intensiurad matulobs, rasac xelSewyoba esaWiroeba. CvenSi furebis daxboianebas sezonuri xasiaTi aqvs da adre gazafxulze iwyeba. amdenad, makeobis bolo Tveebi zamTris periods emTx-veva, rodesac pirutyvis kveba

yvelaze mwiria. cudad nakvebi furebisagan miRebuli xboebi, rogorc wesi, ganuviTarebeli ibadebian da xSir SemTxvevaSi pirvelive dReebidan avaddebi-an. amitom, mSralobis periodSi furi imgvarad unda ikvebebodes, rom misi cocxali masis matebam 10-12% Seadginos, xolo sxeulSi dagrovdes im raodenobiT saz-rdo da mineraluri nivTierebis maragi, rac uzrunvelyofs kar-gad ganviTarebuli xbosa da moma-val laqtaciaze maRali monawve-lis miRebas.

make mSrali furis kvebis ulufa unda Sedges furis cocxali ma-sisa da momavali sarZeo produq-tiulobis gaTvaliswinebiT. saWiroa ulufaSi CairTos kargi xarisxis Tiva (4-6 kg), silosi (10-12 kg), sakvebi Warxali (4-5 kg) da koncentratebis narevi an spe-cialuri kombinirebuli sakvebi (1-1,5 kg). Tivis naklebobis Sem-TxvevaSi masze moTxovnilebis 1/3 SeiZleba Seicvalos qeris namjiT an simindis CaliT, romelic winas-war unda Semzaddes (daqucmaceba, marilwyaliT an kiriT damuSaveba da sxv). furis ulufaSi wvniani sakvebi da koncentrati SeiZleba mogebamde darCes. amasTan, curis Sevsebis naadrevad dawyebisas da mastitebisadmi midrekil furebs mogebamde erTi kviriT adre am sakvebis micema unda Seuwydes. mineraluri nivTierebis, mikro-elementebis da cilebis defi-citis aRmosafxvrelad reko-mendirebulia furebs mieceT briketirebuli saloki blokebi.

maRalganviTarebuli mecxovele-obis mqone qveynebSi miRebulia make furebis kveba im normebiT da ulufebiT, romelic gaTval-iswinebulia mewveli cxovelebi-

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saTvis laqtaciis bolo sami Tvis ganmavlobaSi.

dabmuli wesiT Senaxvis dros, za-mTarSi, sicivis miuxedavad, make furi saWiroa aranakleb ori saa-TiT gayvanil iqnes saseirnod, raTa Tavidan aviciloT gar-Tulebuli mSobiaroba. furebis darwyuleba unda iyos Tavisu-fali, 10-120C wyliT. Rrma make furis mdinareze an guburaze dasarwyuleblad garekva ara-rekomendebulia.

furis mogeba da xbos miReba

xSirad, xbos mogeba RamiT an adre diliT xdeba, ris gamo namati da deda saTanado daxmarebas moklebulia. furs samSobiarod esaWiroeba izolirebuli baga, e.w. boqsi, sadac cxoveli mogebis win gadaiyvaneba da axalSobil xbosTan erTad daubmelad rCeba erTi dRe-Ramis ganmavlobaSi. wi-naswar, samSobiaro boqsSi unda Catardes dezifenqcia, xolo gaSrobis Semdeg saWiroa mS-rali qveSsafenis dafena. xbos miReba unda moxdes higienur pi-robebSi, Carevis gareSe, Tu nay-ofs normaluri mdebareoba aqvs. fiziologiuri mSobiaroba erT saaTamde grZeldeba. misi gaWi-anurebisas saWiroa furisaTvis kvalificiuri daxmarebis gaweva. axalSobil xbos aTavseben namjis sufTa qveSsafenze, CvriT usuf-Taveben nestoebsa da piris Rrus lorwosagan, gadauWrian Wiplars muclidan 10-12 sm-is daSore-biT, romelsac amuSaveben iodis 5%-iani xsnariT. Semdeg sxeuls kargad amSraleben da miusva-men janmrTel dedas gasalokad. Zlieri yinvebis dros, axalSo-

bils afareben sufTa, mSral namjas. im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac fermeri mozards dedasTan ar tovebs, gamSrali axalSobili calke galiaSi moTavsdes. aq mas 10-15 dRis ganmavlobaSi amyofe-ben. galiis zomebia: sigrZe -1,2 m, sigane - 1-1,1 m, simaRle - 1 m. misi Ziri unda iyos RreCoebiani. galia unda ganTavsdes sadgomis yvelaze Tbil, qarisagan dacul da myudro adgilas, iatakidan 15-20 sm simaRleze, raTa masSi Sardi ar dagrovdes. Tu aseTi galiebi ar gvaqvs, xboebs Tavi-suflad inaxaven saerTo galiaSi, sufTa, mSral qveSsafenze. jgu-fur galiaSi susti da avadmyofi xbos sxvebTan moTavseba ar Sei-Zleba. pirveli asakis xbos sad-gomis optimaluri temperaturaa 18-200C. Tumca Tanamedrove te-qnologiebis mixedviT ucxoeli mecxoveleebi did upiratesobas aniWeben xbos e.w. „civi“ meTodiT gamozrdas. am meTodis gamoy-enebisas galiebi idgmeba fermis Senobis gareT naxevrad Ria an Ria moedanze, sadac xboebi ga-dahyavT dabadebisTanave da ori Tvis ganmavlobaSi, nebismier amindSi, sufTa haerze amyofeben. „civi“ meTodiT gamozrda uzrun-velyofs janmrTeli cxovelis miRebas.

xbos gamozrdis aRniSnuli meTodi Cven mier Seswavlil iqna yofili zooveterinaruli universitetis eqsperimentul meurneobaSi. axalSobili xboe-bis erTi jgufi gamovzardeT saxboreSi, sadac zamTris peri-odSi haeris temperatura +11-180C farglebSi meryeobda, xolo meore jgufi ganvaTavseT nax-evrad Ria fardulSi, namjis Rrma qveSsafenze. aq, meterologiuri

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pirobebis Sesabamisad, haeris temperatura -8-dan +180C-mde cvalebadobda. sicivis miuxeda-vad Ria fardulebSi gadayvani-li xboebis cocxali masa, Tbil sadgomSi gamozrdil xboebTan SedarebiT ar Semcirebula, mo-zardis gacivebis SemTxvevebi ar dafiqsirebula, xolo kuWnawla-vis daavadebebi oTxjer Semcir-da. sakontrolo dakvlis monace-

mebiT fardulebSi gamozrdili xboebis filtvisa da gulis masa 1,3-1,4 jer ufro meti aRmoCnda, aseve ukeTesi iyo sisxlis mor-fologiuri maCveneblebi, rac maT konstituciur simkvrivesa da janmrTelobaze miuTiTebs. am-Jamad, xbos gamozrdis am meTods TeleTis sanaSene meurneobaSi mimarTaven.

sur. 1. xbos „civad“ gamozrda in-dividualur galiaSi

sur. 2. axalSobili xbos samSo-biaro

unda gaviTvaliswinoT, rom xbos „civi“ meTodiT da gaumTbar SenobebSi gamozrdisas kargi Sedegebis miiRebas esaWiroeba rZis da sxva saxis sakvebis ufro meti xarji, vidre infrawiTeli naTurebiT an sxva gamaTbobele-biT daTbunebul sadgomebSi gamomozrdisas.

mozardis kveba da movla

xbos gamozrda sam periods moicavs. prveli - xsenis an ax-alSobilobis periodi, ro-melic 7-15 dRes grZeldeba. meore - rZiT kvebis periodi 3-6 Tvis ganmavlobaSi. mesame - rZiT kvebis Semdgomi periodia 16-24 Tvis asakis miRwevamde. maTgan

yvelaze rTulia pirveli, rode-sac organizms imuniteti susti aqvs, ris gamo didia misi daa-vadebis da dakninebis saSiSroeba. am etapze organizmis dacvisa da kvebis saukeTeso saSualebaa xse-ni. pirveli dRis xseni 3-4-jer met mSral masas Seicavs, vidre Cveulebrivi rZe. igi mdidaria albuminebiT, globulinebiT, mineraluri nivTierebiT da vi-taminebiT, romelic axalSobil-isaTvis aucilebelia. xbosaTvis xsenis miwodeba xdeba dedasTan Tavisufli miSvebiT, rac miRe-bulia Cveni qveynis eqstensiur meurneobebSi, an sawovrebiT, ra-sac CvenSi erTeuli intensiuri meurneobebi mimarTaven. xelze gamozrdisas, axalSobil xbos sawovriT xseni pirvelad unda mieces dabadebidan araugvianes

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1-3 saaTSi, dReSi 3-5-jer. sust xboebs igi eZleva mcire por-ciebad, risTvisac sawovaras pa-tara naCvreti unda hqondes.

sxvadasxva mizeziT (dedis mas-titi, infeqcia da sxv.) xsenis ar-qonis SemTxvevaSi SeiZleba sxva furidan miRebuli, gayinviT da-konservebuli xsenis gamoyeneba an misi xelovnurad damzadeba. saojaxo pirobebSi am mizniT Sei-Zleba Semdegi receptis gamoyene-ba: erT litr axalmowvelil rZes (an gadaduRebul da 400C-mde gaciebul wyals) umateben 15 ml vitaminizebul Tevzis qons, 5-7 g sufris marils da 2 cal aTqve-fil kvercxs. miRebuli masa xbos eZleva sawovaris meSveobiT, por-ciebad, 370C-mde SemTbari.

xbos gamozrdaSi aseve metad mniSvnelovania xsenis Semd-gomi rZiT kvebis periodi, rom-lis drosac rZiT kveba 2-3 Tves grZeldeba. rZiT kvebis vadebis Semokleba rekomendebulia mx-olod im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac fermeri gamosazrdelad iyenebs rZis maRalefeqtian Semcvle-

lebs da starterul kombinire-bul sakvebs. winaaRmdeg SemTx-vevaSi mozardi knindeba.

or Tvemde asakis xbos dRis gan-mavlobaSi rZe unda mieces misi cocxali masis 1/4-1/5-is raode-nobiT, rac patarataniani jiSebis mozardisaTvis, romelTa wona dabadebisas 12-15 kg-ia, dReSi 2-3 litrs Seadgens, xolo saSua-lotanianebisaTvis, romlebsac kavkasiuri wablac miekuTvneba (xbos wona dabadebisas, saSua-lod, 25-45 kg) - 5-8 litrs. xelze gamozrdisas xbos unda mieces saRi, axalmowvelili, 37-380C temperaturis mqone rZe, radgan swored mas gaaCnia baqterio-ciduli Tvisebebi da unari, gaaq-tiuros maWikis funqcia. kvebis Semdeg, WurWeli (sawovari an vedro) jer irecxeba civi wyliT, Semdeg - cxeliT. sufTa WurWeli unda damuSavdes sodis 3%-iani xsnariT an wylis orTqliT. Wu-Wyiani WurWlidan kveba xSirad mozardis kuW-nawlavis daavade-bebis (dispefsia, diarea da sxv.) gamomwvevi mizezia.

sur. 3. xbos kveba sawovaraTi sur. 4. axalSobili xbos rZiT kveba TeleTis meurneobaSi

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naturaluri rZis ekonomiisaT-vis mecxoveleobis mowinave qveynebi xbos rZiT kvebas 20-25 dRis asakSi wyveten da igi gada-hyavT srulfasovani rZis Semcv-lelebis gamoyenebaze („elvor klasiki“, „elvor premio“ da sxv.). rZis Semcvlelidan rZis damza-deba xdeba kvebis win, risTvisac fxvnils xsnian +39-400C temper-aturis wyalSi (SefardebiT 1kg fxvnili 8 litri wyali) da xbos vedroTi aZleven.

erTi kviris asakidan xbo aucile-belad unda SeeCvios TiviT kvebas. Tiva unda iyos maRali xarisxis, mwvane, nazi, foTlovani. galia-Si mas konad kideben an sakve-burSi deben. 10-12 dRidan xbos ulufaSi SeiZleba CairTos kon-centrati. specialuri start-eruli kombisakvebidan xbos gamozrdaSi gamoiyeneba - „kal-vofit luqsi“, „lak eko iuniori“,

„superfit-20%“, „kk-62“ da sxv. starterebis gareSe saukeTeso sakvebia moxaluli Svriis Rer-Rili an qeris da simindis Rer-Rilis narevi, romelic gamdi-drebulia soios an mzesumziras SrotiT, carciT, sakvebi maril-iT da premiqsiT. pirvel xanebSi aseTi sakvebis narevi, 100-150 g-s odenobiT, cxovels miCvevis mizniT eZleva. Semdeg mis raode-nobas zrdian im angariSiT, rom dRiurad, sami Tvis asakSi gaix-arjos 1,5-1,6 kg, 18 Tvis asakSi - 1,8 kg. Tivasa da koncentratze adreulad miCveva aCqarebs mo-zardis faSvis ganviTarebas, ro-melic swrafad matulobs mocu-lobaSi, ukeTesad viTardeba misi kunTovani nawili, xaoebi, ris gamo organizmi kargad inelebs moculobian, ujredaniT mdidar sakvebs da rac maRalproduqti-uli furis formirebisaTvis Za-lze mniSvnelovania.

sur. 5. mwvane Tiva xbos sakvebad sur. 6. mineralur-vitaminovani blokebi

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mozardis janmrTelobis gaum-jobesebaSi didi mniSvneloba aqvs wvniani sakvebiT, gansakuTrebiT stafiloT kvebas. susti ganviTa-rebis xboebs stafilo SeiZleba mieces orjer erT kg cocxal ma-saze gaangariSebiT 5-7 gr, sakep manqanaSi daqucmacebuli for-miT, rZesTan Sereuli. meore Tvi-dan ki ulufaSi irTveba sakvebi Warxali, silosi, kartofili da sxva advilad mosanelebeli, mad-is momgvreli sakvebi. xboebisaT-vis silosi an senaJi specialurad mzaddeba marcvlovan-parkos-nebis maRali xarisxis masisagan.

sakveb marils da carcs mozards aZleven 5-10 dRis asakidan 5 gra-mis odenobiT. vitaminebiT uz-runvelyofis mizniT, romlis deficiti gansakuTrebiT maTa-lia zamTrisa da gazafxulis periodebSi da iwvevs xbos zr-daSi CamorCenas, saWiroa ulufis gamdidreba balaxis fqviliT, Te-vzis qoniT, dasxivebuli sakvebi safuariT an sxva vitaminovani preparatebiT. amave daniSnule-biT gamoiyeneba saloki nakrebi „loki-bloki“ an biosakvebi pre-paratebi („oligoviT eqstra“, „reqsvital eleqtroliti“, „li-proti“ da sxv.), romelTa SeZena SesaZlebelia veterinariuli momsaxureobis centrebSi, Tand-arTul rekomendaciebTan erTad.

mozardis kvebaSi novacias war-moadgens probiotikebis („bi-fidoflorini“, „energobifi-dini“, „laqtobaqterini“ da sxv.) gamoyeneba. es aris rZemJava baqteriebis nakrebi, romlebic organizmSi aaqtiureben rZis da misi Semcvlelebis monelebas da

xels uSlian kuW-nawlavis daa-vadebebis ganviTarebas. prebio-tiki rZeSi an mis SemcvlelebSi SeaqvT 1% danamatis saxiT. masas, romlis temperatura unda iyos +17-230C, aCereben 12 saaTis ganma-vlobaSi da 1-2 dRis asakida xbos aZleven 30-50 mg-is odenobiT.

ori kviris asakidan rekomende-bulia ezosTan axlos mdebare saZovarze xbos xanmokle droiT gayvana mocionis mizniT, xolo saZovarze gaSveba - 3-4 Tvis asaki-dan. saZovrul Senaxvaze gadas-vla da ulufidan Tivis da wvni-ani sakvebis gamoricxva TandaTan unda xdebodes. saZovris mwvane sakvebiT kvebisas damatebiTi koncentratis an starteruli kombinirebuli sakvebis micema savaldebuloa. winaaRmdeg Sem-TxvevaSi xbo zrdaSi CamorCeba. cocxali masidan gamomdinare, 3-4 Tvis asakids xbos 6-12 kg mwvane masa esaWiroeba.

gamozrdis normireba da kvebis sqemebis SerCeva xdeba dagegmili cocxali masisa da dReRamuri wonamatis maCveneblebis mixed-viT, romelic xSirad saWiroebs koreqtirebas. normebi Zroxis qarTuli jiSebisaTvis SemuSave-buli ar aris, magram SesaZle-belia mozardis kvebis mecnier-ulad SemuSavebuli normebiT sargebloba, sadac gadaangariSe-ba xdeba 100 kg cocxal masaze. sakvebis arsebuli resusrsebis gaTvaliswinebiT kvebis optimal-uri sqemebisa da ulufebis Sesad-genad fermers SeuZlia mimarTos municipalitetebis sakonsulta-cio centrebs an samecniero dawe-sesbulebebs.

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mozardis moTxovnileba sakvebis energiaze

ასაკი, თვეჯიშები

სანაშენე მოზვრებიპატარატანიანი საშუალო და

დიდტანიანი1 5,8-6.0 5,0-5,2 5,6-5.82 4,4-4,6 3,8-4.0 4,2-4,33 3,6-3,8 3,2-3,4 3,6-3,84 3,3-3,4 3,0-3,1 3,2-3,45 3,0-3,1 2,8-2,9 2,8-2,9

6-12 2,9-3,0 2,6-2,7 2,6-2,913-15 1,9-2,0 1,8-1,9 1,9-2,016-20 1,7-1,9 1,5-1,7 1,6-1,8

(s.e. 100 kg cocxal masaze gaangariSebiT)

SeniSvna: proteinis Semcveloba erT sakveb erTeulze - 100-110 gr.

xbos swrafi zrda sicocxlis pirveli wlis ganmavlobaSi vlindeba, gansakuTrebiT, pirvel TveebSi. amitom fermeri unda eswrafodes am periodis efeqti-anad gamoyenebas. am mizniT, eqvsi Tvis asakamde gamozrdaze unda daixarjos 220-230 kg Tiva, 200 kg silosi, 100-120 kg Zirxvenebi, 200kg-mde koncentrati.

umjobesia, mTeli wlis ganmav-lobaSi eqvs Tveze meti asakis xboebis Senaxva fardulebSi, jgufurad, Tavisufali wesiT, Rrma qveSsafenze. seqciis far-Tobi, asakidan gamomdinare, erT sulze 4-6 m2 Seadgens. jgufis si-dide ar unda aRematebodes 40-50 suls, xolo jgufSi asakobrivi sxvaoba 1,5-2,0 Tves. xboebis kveba warmoebs sakveb-saseirno moedan-ze. nakelis gatana xdeba weliwad-Si erTxel, buldozeriT.

mozardis kveba unda iyos uxvi, xarisxiani da ekonomikurad momgebiani. 6-12 Tvis asakis sa-Sualo da didtaniani cxove-lis kvebis ulufaSi SeiZleba CairTos 3,5-4 kg Tiva, romlis naxevari maRali xarisxis par-kosnebis Tivaa; silosi - 9-12 kg; simindi+qeris RerRili - 0,5 kg, soios fqvili - 100 g an meore asakis xbos starteruli sakvebi; zafxulSi, mwvane masa - 18-20 kg. erT welze uxnesi mozardis kve-baSi Tivis raodenoba SeiZleba Semcirdes 2 kg-mde, silosis gaiz-ardos 18-25 kg-mde, koncentrati - 1,5-2,0 kg-mde, xolo mwvane masa asakobrivad matebadi grafikiT - 20-dan-40 kg-mde. saqarTveloSi fermerebis umravlesoba siloss ver amzadeben da xbos gamozr-das axdenen martivi ulufebiT, romelic Sedgeba mxolod Tivis, Calis an namjisagan, zafxulSi ki mwvane masisagan. aseT SemTxvevaSi gamozrdis kargi Sedegebis mis-aRebad ulufidan premiqsebiT

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gamdidrebuli koncentratis gamoricxva dauSvebelia, radgan mxolod am sakvebiT SeiZleba ulufis dabalanseba samimocvlo energiasa da proteinebze. swored calmxrivi, daubalansebeli kveba aris patarataniani da dabal-produqtiuli furis miRebis um-Tavresi mizezi. amitom, fermerma saWiroa gaiTavisos, rom xbos gamozrdaze sakvebis ekonomia da misi arsebul SesaZleblobebze morgeba, wamgebiania.

wyali mozardis janmrTelo-bisa da produqtiulobisaT-vis iseve aucilebelia, rogorc sakvebi. mis naklebobas cxoveli ufro Znelad gadaitans vidre

SimSils, amis garda igi xels uwy-obs sakvebis SeTvisebas. wyali ZuZuTa xboebs unda mieces me-3-5 dRidan, kvebamde erT saaTiT adre an kvebis Semdeg anaduRari da gacivebuli 30-350C temper-aturamde. erTi Tvis asakSi wylis temperatura unda iyos 150.. dRiurad wylis saWiro ra-odenoba unda Seadgendes cxove-lis wonis 10%-s.

mozardis ganviTarebaze karg gavlenas axdens moZraoba, sufTa haeri da mzis sxivebi. amitom, amindis gaTvaliswinebiT, igi yoveldRiurad 5-6 saaTis ganma-vlobaSi aqtiur moZraobaSi unda iyves.

sur. 7. qarTuli mTis Zroxis ji-Sis dekeulebi ezospira saZovar-ze

sur. 8. sanaSene xbos gamozrda TeleTis meurneobaSi msubuqi tipis fardulebSi

saWiroa sistematiurad kontr-oldebodes xbos zrda-ganvi-Tarebisa da janmrTelobis md-gomareoba, dadgenil vadebSi tardebodes gadamdeb daavade-baTa sawinaaaRmdego samkurna-lo-profilaqtikuri RonisZie-bebi, romelTa Sesaxeb fermerma daxmareba da saTanado konsul-taciebi unda miiRos veterinari specialistisagan.

mozardis gamozrdis donis makon-trolebelia misi konstitucia, temperamenti da cocxali masa.

gamozrdis saukeTeso maCvene-blad iTvleba Tu 12 Tvis asakSi misi cocxali masa dabadebis ma-sas 7-9 jer aRemateba, 18 Tvis asakSi - 11-12-jer, xolo pirveli dagrilebisas igi Seadgens zr-dasruli furis cocxali masis standartis aranakleb 70%-s. zrdis gasakontroleblad fer-merma SeiZleba isargeblos mo-zardis gamozrdis parametrebiT, romlebic gaTvlilia rogorc Zroxis adgilobrivi, aseve maRalproduqtiuli jiSebis ge-netikur SesaZleblobebze.

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sanaSene dekeulebis zrdis maCveneblebi

ფურის მასა (კგ)

ხბოს მასა დაბადები

მასა (კგ)

ხბოს ასაკი (თვე)

3 6 9 12 15 18 24

ხბოს ცოცხალი მასა (კგ)

280-320 15-18 55 90 125 155 185 205 240

370-400 20-25 70 120 165 205 240 265 320

400-450 25-30 80 130 175 215 250 285 350

500-550 30-35 95 155 210 260 305 345 430

600-650 35-40 105 175 240 300 355 405 490

xbos daavadebebi. mozardis gamozrdis Seferxebis mravali faqtori arsebobs. maTgan um-Tavresia daavadebebi, romelTa profilaqtikas udidesi mniSvn-eloba aqvs.

dispefsia - xboebis gansa-kuTrebiT gavrcelebuli daa-vadebaa. misTvis damaxasiaTe-belia saWmlis momnelebeli traqtis aSliloba, romelic iwvevs sakveb nivTierebaTa Sewov-is funqciis darRvevas, organiz-mis gauwylovnebas. daavadebis ganviTarebis umTavresi mizeze-bia make furebis arasrulfaso-vani kveba, furebisa da xboebis movla-Senaxvis moTxovnaTa dar-Rveva.

dispefsiis gamowvevis erT-erTi mizezi SeiZleba iyos xboebisaT-vis xsenis aradroulad miwodeba an misi dabali xarisxi. amasTan, daavadebis pirveli niSnebi Cnde-ba xsenis pirveli-meore miRebis Semdeg. kerZod, xbo modunebu-lia, ar iRebs sakvebs, upiratesad wevs. Tavdapirvelad cxvirisa

da piris Rrus lorwovani garse-bi uferulia, Semdeg molurjo elfers iZens. viTardeba faRara-Ti. Tu droulad ar ganxorciel-da samkurnalo RonisZiebebi, xbo iRupeba. pirveli daxmarebis gaw-evis mizniT aucilebelia xboebi-saTvis xsenis micemis Sewyveta an mniSvnelovnad Semcireba da mis magivrad sufris marilis 1%-iani xsnaris micema. dispefsiis sawi-naaRmdegod efeqtiani samkurna-lo-profilaqtikuri saSuale-bebia mcenareebis (farsmanduki, pilpilisebri pitna, askili, se-lis Tesli Txmelis girCa, kraza-na, mziura) nayenebi da naxarSebi.

kolibacilozi - xboebis mwvave formiT mimdinare infeqciuri daavadebaa. igi xSirad sicocx-lis pirvel sam kviraSi vlindeba. daavadebis aRmZvrelia nawla-vis Cxiri, romelic organizmSi xvdeba dabinZurbuli WurWlidan an sadgomis kedlebis, iatakis, in-ventaris da movlis sxva sagnebis lokvisas. koloibaciloziT avaddeba 1-3 dRidan 7-8 Tvemde asakis mozardi.

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daavadeba vlindeba sxeulis tem-peraturis matebiT, cxoveli sakvebs aRar iRebs. saWmlis mom-nelebeli traqtis aSliloba gamoixateba faRaraTiT, fekals moyviTalo-moruxo feri aqvs. cxoveli swrafad xdeba da sust-deba. sxeulis temperatura 32-34°-mde ecema. amasTan, Zalze maRalia sikvdilianobis maCvene-beli. gajansaRebuli xbo zrdaSi Zlier CamorCeba.

samkurnalo preparatebidan iy-eneben abusalaTinis (sasaqmebel) zeTs (kuWis gasawmendad), aseve rZis erT-or micemas cvlian magari CaiT an Svriis yaviT. sa-sargebloa acidofilinis gam-oyeneba, romelsac dasawyisSi aZleven 50 g odenobiT. Semdeg, yoveldRiurad, dozas 50-100 gramiT zrdian im TvalsazrisiT, rom 30 dRis asakSi normam 1,5 kg Seadginos. acidofilini xels uwyobs nawlavSi lpobadi proce-sebis Sesustebas da axdens pro-filaqtikur zemoqmedebas.

am daavadebis profilaqtika emyareba cxovelis movlis zoohi-gienuri moTxovnebis dacvas, aseve imunuri (damcavi) sxeule-biT mdidari xseniT axalSobili xbos uxvad kvebas, rac zrdis xbos organizmis rezistento-bas (mdgradobas) nebismieri daa-vadebis mimarT.

gastroenteriti - sakvebis monelebis aSlilobiT gamowveu-li daavadebaa, romlis mizezia araxarisxiani sakvebiT (aSmoreb-uli Tiva, daobebuli koncentra-ti, daZvelebuli moxdili rZe da sxv.) kveba. igi, aseve, SeiZleba gamoiwvios xboebisaTvis civi, amJavebuli an dabinZurebuli rZis an xsenis micemam; vedrodan

rZiT kvebam, rodesac xbo xar-bad da didi ylupebiT svams rZes, agreTve erTi saxeobis sakve-bidan meoreze uecarma gadasv-lam. daavadebis ZiriTadi klini-kuri niSania damauZlurebeli faRaraTi, romelic organizmis gauwylovnebas iwvevs. profilaq-tikis RonisZiebebi dafuZnebu-lia daavadebis gamomwvevi mize-zebis aRmofxvraSi. pirvel rigSi, dauSvebelia uxarisxo sakvebiT kveba, xbos mier qveSsafenis un-eblied, agreTve gayinuli Tivis SeWma. amitom, adre gazafxulsa da gvian SemodgomiT xboebi saZ-ovarze unda gavuSvaT dRisiT, mas Semdeg, rac mze balaxs gaaT-bobs.

sakvebis monelebis aSlilobis pirvel dRes xbos rZis micemas uwyveten, magram aZleven Tbil, odnav marilian (1%-ze naklebi marili) aduRebul wyals, meore dRes - Tanabrad, marilian wy-als da axalmowvelil rZes. daa-vadebis mesame dRes mariliani wylis xvedriTi wili sadReRa-miso darwyulebaSi erT meoTxeds Seadgens. darwyuleba unda ganx-orcieldes dReRameSi aranakleb oTxjer. SesaZlebelia rZis erTi micemis magivrad xbos mieces Cai, romelSic gaxsnili iqneba qaTmis kvercxis cila (sami wili cila + 10 g sufris marili erT l Caize). Cais xarji xbos erT kg cocxal masaze 5-10 grams Seadgens.

paratifi - erT-erTi yvelaze gavrcelebuli daavadebaa, rom-lis aRmZvrelia paratifozuri Cxiri. Cveulebriv, avaddeba rva dRidan or Tvemde asakis xboebi. daavadebis gavrcelebis xelSem-wyobi faqtorebia: WuWyi, nesti, uhaeroba da sxv.

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sawyis etapze daavadeba usimp-tomod mimdinareobs, magram erTi kviris Semdeg mwvave for-mas iZens. cxovelis sxeulis temperatura 41°-mde matulobs; pulsi aCqarebulia, sunTqva - gaxSirebuli, aRiniSneba faRara-Ti, zogjer sisxlnarevi. xSirad daavadeba sikvdiliT mTavrdeba. daavadebis ioli formiT mimdin-areobisas cxovelis gajansaReba me-5-14 dRes xdeba. paratifis sawinaaRmdego saSualebaa Srati, romliTac mkurnaloben aSkarad daavadebul xboebs. mkurnalo-bis da daavadebis sawinaaRmdego RonisZiebebi iseTivea, rogorc kolibaciloziT dasnebovnebis dros.

filtvebis anTeba (pnevmonia) - up-iratesad avadoben erTi Tvis asa-kis xboebi, gansakuTrebiT xSirad - zamTar-gazafxulis periodSi. daavadebis gamomwvevi mizezebia: gaciveba, nestian, cudad ven-tilirebad sadgomSi, qveSsafe-nis gareSe civ iatakze Senaxva, mocionis uqonloba, sakvebSi A vitaminis ukmaroba. daavadebuli xbos sunTqva gaxSirebulia, aRin-iSneba xvela, gamonadeni cxviri-dan da Tvalidan, sxeulis maRali temperatura (40-42°). xSiria faR-araTi.

sur. 9. pnevmoniis dros gaviTare-buli paTanatomiuri suraTi

daavadebis profilaqtikisaT-vis aucilebelia misi gamomwvevi mizezebis aRmofxvra.

salmonelozi - infeqciuri daa-vadebaa, romelsac mikroorga-nizmebi - salmonelebi iwveven. xbo SeiZleba dainficirdes sicocx-lis meoTxe dRes, Tumca xSirad es daavadeba 1-4 kviris asakSi gvxvdeba. misi mwvave formiT mim-dinareobisas aRiniSneba cieb-cxeleba, sxeulis temperatu-ris mateba. naklebad gamoxatul SemTxvevebSi daavadebis erTad-erTi niSania faRaraTi, xSirad - sisxlnarevi. zogjer xboebi koWloben, rac dakavSirebulia saxsrebis dazianebasTan. xbos dasnebovnebis wyaroa furi. daa-vadebis mizezi SeiZleba iyos daa-vadebuli cxovelebis fekaliT dabinZurebul saZovarze xbos Zoveba. profilaqtikis mizniT xboebs vaqcinacias utareben.

raqiti - xasiaTdeba fosfor-kalciumis cvlis aSlilobiT da Zvlis warmoqmnis procesis dar-RveviT. raqitiT avaddeba yvela asakis mozardi. daavadeba Sei-Zleba gamovlindes wlis nebis-mier dros Tu xboebi ar gahyvT saZovarsa da seiranze, maT inax-aven nestian, bnel sadgomebSi. daavadebis mizezi SeiZleba iyos organizmSi D vitaminis nakle-boba. organizmSi es vitamini war-moiqmneba mzis ultraiisferi sxivebisa da specialuri lam-febis zemoqmedebiT. raqitis niS-nebia Zvlebis cudi zrda, maTi gawvrileba. arasakmarisi gaZva-leba da kidurebis gaRunva.

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sur.10. raqituli xbos klinikuri suraTi

profilaqtikis mizniT aucile-belia xbos saZovarze gayvana da seiraniT misi uzrunvelyofa. kvebis racionSi rTaven Tevzis qons, D vitaminis preparatebs. xbos uxvad unda mieces mineral-uri marilebiT mdidari sakvebi (sufris marili, Zvlis fqvi-li). Zalze efeqtiania safuari, romelsac winaswar amyofeben mzeze an asxiveben ultraiisferi lamfiT. safuari xbos eZleva sufTa saxiT, koncentratebTan an rZesTan erTad 200 g odenobiT dReSi.

timpania 1,5-2 Tvis asakis xboe-bis daavadebaa. igi viTardeba im periodSi, rodesac iwyeben xbos kvebas uxeSi da wvniani sakvebiT. daavadebis gamowvevis mizezi SeiZleba iyos advilad fuebadi sakvebiT (wvniani balaxi, kombos-tos foTlebi, stafilo, Warxali) kveba. gansakuTrebiT saxifaToa gayinuli da daobebuli sakvebis (gansakuTrebiT Zirxvenebi), agreTve didi odenobiT koncen-trirebuli sakvebis micema. daa-vadebis damaxasiaTebeli niSnebia muclis Rrus marcxena nawilis Seberva, coxnis Sewyveta, qoSini.

aucilebelia daavadebul cxov-els gaewios saswrafo daxmareba.

upirvelesad, muStiT atareben misi marcxena ferdis masaJs boy-inis gamowvevisa da airebis gamos-vlis mizniT. SesaZlebelia axal-mowvelili rZis (0,5-1 l), rogorc airebis mSTanTqavi saSualebis gamoyeneba. sasurvelia xbos mieces saWmeli, selis an abusala-Tinis (sasaqmebeli) zeTi 80-150 g odenobiT da vaiZuloT cxoveli imoZraos. mZime SemTxvevebSi vet-specialistebi iyeneben zonds, xolo ukidures SemTxveveSi faS-vs troakariT xvreten.

dauSvebelia mSieri xboebis saZ-ovarze gaSveba, gansakuTrebiT namis SemTxvevaSi an wvimis Sem-deg. ar aris rekomendebuli xboebis darwyuleba didi odeno-biT mwvane an koncentrirebuli sakvebis micemis Semdeg.

mkreWavi muni - qronikulad mim-dinare gadamdebi daavadebaa, romlisaTvis damaxasiaTebe-lia kanisa da bewvis safaris da-zianeba. daavadebis aRmZvrelia umartivesi sokoebi, romlebic didi xnis ganmavlobaSi imyofe-bian cxovelis kanze da maTTvis xelsayreli pirobebis (nakaw-rebis saxiT kanis mTlianobis darRveva, organizmis rezis-tentobis daqveiTeba) Seqmnisas daavadebas iwveven. aRmZvreli mdgradia garemos araxelsayre-li faqtorebis mimarT. SenobaSi isini sicocxlis unars inarCune-ben 6-8 wlis ganmavlobaSi. maTze ar moqmedebs gayinva da gamoSro-ba, magram mzis pirdapiri sxivebis zemoqmedebis Sedegad erT saaTSi iRupebian. amitom, zafxulis mS-ral amindSi daavadeba iSviaTad vlindeba, xolo Semodgomasa da zamTarSi, rodesac SenobaSi nes-ti da sibinZurea, - xSirad.

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mkreWavi munis sawinaaRmdegod iyeneben vaqcinebs. profilaqti-kis mizniT aucilebelia Senobis guldasmiT dasufTaveba da dez-inficireba kreolinis an tutis susti xsnarebiT. kategoriulad unda aikrZalos mecxoveleo-bis fermebSi mawanwala katebis yofna, romlebic daavadebis gavrcelebis ZiriTadi wyaroa.

kanis bora. xboebs xSirad awuxebs kanis borebi, romlebic mwere-bia. isini kvercxebs deben bew-vis safarvelze, romlebidan 4-5 dRis Semdeg larvebi iCekebian. larvebi SeiWrebian kanSi da vi-Tardebian, rac momavali wlis zafxulamde grZeldeba. daa-

vadebis niSania mindaodan gavamde kanze borcvebis gaCena. zafxulSi larvebi borcvebidan gamodian, miwaze cvivian da CaWuprdebian. eqvsi kviris Semdeg Wuprebidan zrdasruli borebi gamodian. daavadeba iwvevs cxovelis mous-venrobas, klebulobs wonamati, ziandeba kani. boras sawinaaR-mdego RonisZiebaTa umTavresi mizania larvebis ganadgureba, vidre isini borcvebidan gamov-len. saamisod iyeneben inseqti-cidebs (hipoderminqlorofosi, dioqsafosi, sulfidofosi-20) orjerad, 30 dRis intervaliT, romelTac asxureben dozato-riT, wvrili nakdiT, xerxemlis orive mxares.

ufro vrceli ganmartebebisa da konsultaciebisaTvis mo-cemul Temaze SegiZliaT

mimarToT soflis meurneobis saministros samecniero-kv-leviT centrs!

0159, saqarTvelo Tbilisi,

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Semmdgenlebi: cisana qilifTari, Sadiman focxveria

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