36
Copyright© 1995-2007 Underw riters Laboratories Inc. All rights reserved. No portion of this material may be reprinted in any form w ithout the express written permission of Underwriters Laboratories Inc. or as otherw ise provided in w riting. FR-4 Reclassification FR-4クラス分け Crystal Vanderpan March 2011

FR-4 Reclassification FR-4クラス分け - ul.com and hazard-based safety engineering

Embed Size (px)

Citation preview

Page 1: FR-4 Reclassification FR-4クラス分け - ul.com and hazard-based safety engineering

Copyright© 1995-2007 Underw riters Laboratories Inc. All rights reserved. No portion of this material may be reprinted

in any form w ithout the express written permission of Underwriters Laboratories Inc. or as otherw ise provided in w riting.

FR-4 Reclassification

FR-4クラス分け

Crystal Vanderpan March 2011

Page 2: FR-4 Reclassification FR-4クラス分け - ul.com and hazard-based safety engineering

Copyright© 1995-2007 Underw riters Laboratories Inc. All rights reserved. No portion of this material may be reprinted

in any form w ithout the express written permission of Underwriters Laboratories Inc. or as otherw ise provided in w riting. 2

Agenda 議題

• Characterization of components

コンポーネントの特徴化

– PWB Hazards in the End Product

最終製品におけるPWBハザード

– PWB Abbreviated Test Programs

PWB簡易試験プログラム

• History of FR-4 Laminate

FR-4ラミネートの歴史

• Proposal to Reduce Testing

試験削減への提案

• Risk if No Action

対応しなかった場合のリスク

Page 3: FR-4 Reclassification FR-4クラス分け - ul.com and hazard-based safety engineering

Copyright© 1995-2007 Underw riters Laboratories Inc. All rights reserved. No portion of this material may be reprinted

in any form w ithout the express written permission of Underwriters Laboratories Inc. or as otherw ise provided in w riting.

Who is UL? ULとは?

• Underwriters Laboratories Inc. アンダーライターズ・ラボラトリーズ社

– Is an independent, not for profit, safety testing and certification organization 非営利の第三者安全試験及び認証機関

• Global leader in product safety 製品安全のグローバルリーダー

– Promoting safe living and working environments by the application of safety science and hazard-based safety engineering 安全工学とハザードベースセーフティーエンジニアリングの適用を通して、安全な生活と労働環境を推進している

– Supporting the production and use of products which are physically and environmentally safe 物理的及び環境的に安全な製品の製造及び使用を支援

– UL name and marks are known and trusted around the globe ULの名称とマークは世界各国で認識され信頼されている

End-Product Listing Mark 最終製品リスティングマーク

Component Recognition Mark コンポーネント・レコグニション・マーク

3

Page 4: FR-4 Reclassification FR-4クラス分け - ul.com and hazard-based safety engineering

Copyright© 1995-2007 Underw riters Laboratories Inc. All rights reserved. No portion of this material may be reprinted

in any form w ithout the express written permission of Underwriters Laboratories Inc. or as otherw ise provided in w riting.

Who is UL? ULとは?

• Leader in standards development, testing and certification 規格開発、試験及び認証のリーダー – PWB Safety Standards

PWB安全規格

Today

現在

1958

IPC founded 1958年

IPC創立

1965

UL 796

1985

UL 746E

1972

UL 94

1894

UL founded 1894年

UL創立

2000

UL 796F

2006

UL 746F

1990

CPCA founded 1990年

CPCA創立

4

Page 5: FR-4 Reclassification FR-4クラス分け - ul.com and hazard-based safety engineering

Copyright© 1995-2007 Underw riters Laboratories Inc. All rights reserved. No portion of this material may be reprinted

in any form w ithout the express written permission of Underwriters Laboratories Inc. or as otherw ise provided in w riting.

Who is UL? ULとは?

• 175 Materials staff globally グローバルに175名のマテリアル部門スタッフ

– Asia: China, Hong Kong, Taiwan, Japan, Korea, India アジア:中国、香港、台湾、日本、韓国、インド

– US: California, Washington, Illinois, New York, North Carolina 米国:カリフォルニア、ワシントン、イリノイ、ニューヨーク、ノースカロライナ

– Europe: UK, Denmark, Netherlands, Italy 欧州:UK、デンマーク、オランダ、イタリア

• Materials testing labs マテリアルの試験ラボ

– Taiwan, US, Denmark, Germany 台湾、米国、デンマーク、ドイツ

5

Page 6: FR-4 Reclassification FR-4クラス分け - ul.com and hazard-based safety engineering

Copyright© 1995-2007 Underw riters Laboratories Inc. All rights reserved. No portion of this material may be reprinted

in any form w ithout the express written permission of Underwriters Laboratories Inc. or as otherw ise provided in w riting.

UL Aims to Reduce Risks ULはリスク削減を目的としている

• Fire 火災

• Electric Shock 感電

• Personal Injury 人的傷害

• Environmental Hazards

環境ハザード

• Comply with International and North American

safety standards

国際及び北米安全規格との適合性

6

Page 7: FR-4 Reclassification FR-4クラス分け - ul.com and hazard-based safety engineering

Copyright© 1995-2007 Underw riters Laboratories Inc. All rights reserved. No portion of this material may be reprinted

in any form w ithout the express written permission of Underwriters Laboratories Inc. or as otherw ise provided in w riting.

“Hazard-Based” Engineering Approach 「ハザードベース」エンジニアリングの取り組み

HBSE – Hazard Based Safety Evaluation HBSE – ハザードベースの安全評価

• Analyze the installation 装置/設備の分析

– Location and intended use 位置/場所や使用用途

– Attachment systems, wiring systems 接続システム、配線システム

– Hazards ハザード

• Analyze the product 製品の分析

– Materials 材料

– Construction 構造

– Hazards ハザード

Page 8: FR-4 Reclassification FR-4クラス分け - ul.com and hazard-based safety engineering

Copyright© 1995-2007 Underw riters Laboratories Inc. All rights reserved. No portion of this material may be reprinted

in any form w ithout the express written permission of Underwriters Laboratories Inc. or as otherw ise provided in w riting.

PWB Hazard Based Evaluation PWBのハザードベース評価

• PWB safety hazards in the end product

最終製品におけるPWBの安全ハザード

– Risk of electric shock

感電のリスク

– Risk of flammability

燃焼性のリスク

8

Page 9: FR-4 Reclassification FR-4クラス分け - ul.com and hazard-based safety engineering

Copyright© 1995-2007 Underw riters Laboratories Inc. All rights reserved. No portion of this material may be reprinted

in any form w ithout the express written permission of Underwriters Laboratories Inc. or as otherw ise provided in w riting.

PWB HBSE – Risk of Electric Shock PWB HBSE – 感電のリスク

– Risk of electric shock due to spacing/insulation deficiencies スペーシング/絶縁の欠陥による感電のリスク

• Reduced Spacings スペーシングの縮小

– Conductor adhesion 導体の接着

– Silver migration 銀マイグレーション

– Plating adhesion めっきの接着

– Delamination, warping or cracking 剥離、歪み、割れ

• Insulation Breakdown 絶縁破壊

• Mechanical Strength Deficiency 機械的強度の欠陥

– Ability to support components コンポーネントを支持する力

9

Page 10: FR-4 Reclassification FR-4クラス分け - ul.com and hazard-based safety engineering

Copyright© 1995-2007 Underw riters Laboratories Inc. All rights reserved. No portion of this material may be reprinted

in any form w ithout the express written permission of Underwriters Laboratories Inc. or as otherw ise provided in w riting.

PWB HBSE – Risk of Flammability PWB HBSE – 燃焼性のリスク

– Risk of flammability 燃焼性のリスク

• Fuel for fire and increased burn time 燃料と燃焼時間の増加

– Coatings without flame retardant - solder resist, plugged hole and marking material 難燃剤を含まないコーティング – ソルダーレジスト、穴埋め、及び マーキング材料

• Ignitability 発火性

– Hot wire exposure ホットワイヤへの露出

– Arcing exposure アーク放電への露出

10

Page 11: FR-4 Reclassification FR-4クラス分け - ul.com and hazard-based safety engineering

Copyright© 1995-2007 Underw riters Laboratories Inc. All rights reserved. No portion of this material may be reprinted

in any form w ithout the express written permission of Underwriters Laboratories Inc. or as otherw ise provided in w riting.

Why UL PWBs? なぜUL認証されたPWBなのか?

• Component and PWB certification driven by end-product requirements コンポーネントやPWBの認証は最終製品の要求事項によって推進される

– Many end-product standards require UL Recognized PWBs, for example: 最終製品規格の多くはULレコグナイズドされたPWBを要求する、例えば: • IEC 60950 (Information Technology Equipment)

• V-1 flame, MOT for application, and direct support

• IEC 60601 (Medical Equipment)

• IEC 60065 (Audio & Video Equipment)

• IEC 60335 (Appliances)

• Using Recognized materials and components can significantly reduce testing for OEMs レコグナイズドされた材料やコンポーネントを使用することで、OEMは試験を大幅に削減できる

11

Page 12: FR-4 Reclassification FR-4クラス分け - ul.com and hazard-based safety engineering

Copyright© 1995-2007 Underw riters Laboratories Inc. All rights reserved. No portion of this material may be reprinted

in any form w ithout the express written permission of Underwriters Laboratories Inc. or as otherw ise provided in w riting.

Standards Development 規格の開発

• UL certifies products and is instrumental in the development and the recommendations for maintaining Safety Standards ULは製品を認証し、安全規格の開発や維持への推奨に尽力している

• Writing and maintaining Safety Standards is a collaboration exercise 安全規格の策定及び維持は共同的な作業である – UL experts, manufacturers, industry groups, product consumers

ULからの専門家、製造業者、業界グループ、製品の消費者

– Controlled by the Standards Technical Panel (STP) スタンダードテクニカル(規格策定)パネル(STP)によって管理される

• UL has only one vote within each STP ULは各STPにおいて1票のみ与えられている

– STP participation and membership information available at: STPへの参加やメンバーシップに関する情報は下記を参照ください: http://ulstandardsinfonet.ul.com/stp/call_4_members.html

12

Page 13: FR-4 Reclassification FR-4クラス分け - ul.com and hazard-based safety engineering

Copyright© 1995-2007 Underw riters Laboratories Inc. All rights reserved. No portion of this material may be reprinted

in any form w ithout the express written permission of Underwriters Laboratories Inc. or as otherw ise provided in w riting.

STP Representative Categories STPの代表カテゴリー

• Supply Chain: サプライチェーン: – Component producers for standards covering end-products 最終製品規格の対象となるコンポーネントの製造者

• Commercial/Industrial User: 商業用/工業用ユーザー: – Organizations that use the product in a commercial or industrial setting 製品を商業用又は工業用の設定で使用する組織

• AHJ (Authority Having Jurisdiction): AHJ(規制管理局): – Regulation or enforcement organizations of the code and standard

requirements at a regional (e.g. state or province) and/or local level 地域(例、州又は省)及び/又は現地レベルでのコードや規格の要求事項の規制又は執行機関

• Government: 政府: – Representatives from national government agencies. 国の政府機関からの代表者

13

Page 14: FR-4 Reclassification FR-4クラス分け - ul.com and hazard-based safety engineering

Copyright© 1995-2007 Underw riters Laboratories Inc. All rights reserved. No portion of this material may be reprinted

in any form w ithout the express written permission of Underwriters Laboratories Inc. or as otherw ise provided in w riting.

STP Representative Categories - cont. STPの代表カテゴリー – つづき

• Testing and Standards Organization: 試験及び標準化機関: – Organizations that test and/or certify products 製品を試験及び/又は認証する機関

• International Delegate: 国際代理人: – International delegate is an individual representing a National

Standards Body outside of the United States (e.g. JISC, DIN). This person is designated by the National Standards Body and approved by the STP Chair 国際代理人とは、米国外で国家規格機関を代表する個人である(例、JISC、DIN)。この代理人は、国家規格機関によって指定され、STP議長によって承認される

14

Page 15: FR-4 Reclassification FR-4クラス分け - ul.com and hazard-based safety engineering

Copyright© 1995-2007 Underw riters Laboratories Inc. All rights reserved. No portion of this material may be reprinted

in any form w ithout the express written permission of Underwriters Laboratories Inc. or as otherw ise provided in w riting. 15

Background for UL/ANSI Laminate UL/ANSIラミネートの背景

• UL/ANSI laminate types based on UL/ANSIラミネートタイプは以下に基づいている: – Chemistry and performance 化学的特性とパフォーマンス

– Characterization of material for use in PWBs PWBで使用するための材料の特徴化

• Benefits of classification system クラス分けシステムのメリット

– Industrial Laminate Abbreviated Test Program ラミネートの簡易試験プログラム

– PWB MCIL/CCIL* Test Program PWBのMCIL/CCIL*試験プログラム

– PWB Permanent Coatings Program PWBのパーマネントコーティングプログラム

Page 16: FR-4 Reclassification FR-4クラス分け - ul.com and hazard-based safety engineering

Copyright© 1995-2007 Underw riters Laboratories Inc. All rights reserved. No portion of this material may be reprinted

in any form w ithout the express written permission of Underwriters Laboratories Inc. or as otherw ise provided in w riting. 16

Background for UL/ANSI Laminate – cont. UL/ANSIラミネートの背景 – つづき

• Fundamental assumption of abbreviated testing programs: 簡易試験プログラムの原理となる想定: – Characterization criteria demonstrates that one material

performs similarly to another (no additional testing required) 特徴化の基準は、1つの材料が別の材料と同等のパフォーマンスを示すことを証明する(追加試験が要求されない)

• Characterization criteria must be maintain to allow the benefits of these programs to continue これらプログラムのメリットを継続するためには、特徴化の基準が維持されなければならない

* MCIL – metal clad industrial laminate, CCIL – copper clad industrial laminate * MCIL – メタルクラッド工業用ラミネート、CCIL – 銅張工業用ラミネート

Page 17: FR-4 Reclassification FR-4クラス分け - ul.com and hazard-based safety engineering

Copyright© 1995-2007 Underw riters Laboratories Inc. All rights reserved. No portion of this material may be reprinted

in any form w ithout the express written permission of Underwriters Laboratories Inc. or as otherw ise provided in w riting.

PWB MCIL / CCIL Test Program PWBのMCIL / CCIL試験プログラム

• Reduced / No-Test Programs for Recognized Boards レコグナイズドされた基板のための削減された試験 / 試験なしプログラム

• MCIL / CCIL* Program MCIL / CCIL*プログラム – Addition of laminate and laminate/prepreg packages to existing boards 既存の基板に対するラミネート及びラミネート/プリプレグ・パッケージの追加

– Assumes each UL/ANSI material has the same performance 各UL/ANSI材料は同じパフォーマンスを示すと想定される

– Metal-clad laminate parameters need to be equal or more severe than PCB being added to メタルクラッドラミネートのパラメーターは、追加されるPCBと同等又はより厳しくなければならない

– Single-layer materials waive all testing 単層材料の場合は、全ての試験を免除できる

– Multi-layer materials waive all testing but delamination-only 多層材料の場合は、剥離以外は全ての試験を免除できる

– Multi-layer core materials to HDI boards waive all testing but delamination-only HDI基板で使用する多層のコア材料の場合は、剥離以外は全ての試験を免除できる

17

Page 18: FR-4 Reclassification FR-4クラス分け - ul.com and hazard-based safety engineering

Copyright© 1995-2007 Underw riters Laboratories Inc. All rights reserved. No portion of this material may be reprinted

in any form w ithout the express written permission of Underwriters Laboratories Inc. or as otherw ise provided in w riting.

PWB Permanent Coatings Program PWBのパーマネントコーティングプログラム

• No-Test Programs for Recognized Boards レコグナイズドされた基板の場合は試験なしプログラム

• Permanent Coatings Program パーマネントコーティングプログラム – Solder resist additions to existing boards 既存の基板へのソルダーレジストの追加

– Assumes each core UL/ANSI material has the same performance それぞれのコアUL/ANS材料が同じパフォーマンスを持つと想定される

– Solder resist to have equal or more severe parameters than PWB being added to ソルダーレジストは追加されるPWBと同等又はより厳しいパラメーターを持たなければならない

– No testing to add to single or multi-layer boards 単層又は多層基板に追加する場合は試験なし

18

Page 19: FR-4 Reclassification FR-4クラス分け - ul.com and hazard-based safety engineering

Copyright© 1995-2007 Underw riters Laboratories Inc. All rights reserved. No portion of this material may be reprinted

in any form w ithout the express written permission of Underwriters Laboratories Inc. or as otherw ise provided in w riting. 19

FR-4 History and Definition FR-4の歴史と定義

• FR-4 created in 1968 with NEMA FR-4は1968年にNEMAと共同作成

– Six IR reference scans 6つのIRリファレンススキャン

– NEMA – National Electrical Manufacturers Association NEMA – 米国電気工業会

• Scans represent industry intent at the time スキャンは当時の業界の意図を代表するものである

– Epoxy resin エポキシ樹脂

– Brominated flame retardant 臭素系難燃剤

– Dicy curing agent ダイサイ硬化剤

– No filler 充填剤なし

– Woven glass fabric reinforcement ガラス織布基材

• Electrical and mechanical performance criteria defined in UL746E 電気的及び機械的パフォーマンス基準はUL 746Eに規定される

Page 20: FR-4 Reclassification FR-4クラス分け - ul.com and hazard-based safety engineering

Copyright© 1995-2007 Underw riters Laboratories Inc. All rights reserved. No portion of this material may be reprinted

in any form w ithout the express written permission of Underwriters Laboratories Inc. or as otherw ise provided in w riting. 20

FR-4 Survey Project – What is FR-4? FR-4サーベイプロジェクト – FR-4とは何か?

• 1996 UL/IPC Project intended to address 1996年のUL/IPCプロジェクトは以下に対応した – Poor quality of original six (6) FR-4 reference scans 現存の6つのFR-4リファレンススキャンの品質向上

– Modified FR-4 materials - “what is an FR-4?” 改良されたFR-4材料 - 「FR-4とは何か?」

– Do modified materials reflect the traditional FR-4 definition? 改良された材料は、元々のFR-4定義を反映しているだろうか?

Page 21: FR-4 Reclassification FR-4クラス分け - ul.com and hazard-based safety engineering

Copyright© 1995-2007 Underw riters Laboratories Inc. All rights reserved. No portion of this material may be reprinted

in any form w ithout the express written permission of Underwriters Laboratories Inc. or as otherw ise provided in w riting. 21

PWB Evaluation Risks for FR-4 FR-4の場合にPWBを評価する上でのリスク

• Past and future FR-4 performance これまで、そして今後のFR-4のパフォーマンス – All current FR-4 materials do not represent each other

for the purpose of testing 全ての現行のFR-4材料が試験において互いを代表するものではない

– Some FR-4s are less thermally stable FR-4の中には熱的安定性がより低いものがある

– Delamination can be affected by brittle resins and filler 脆弱な樹脂や充填剤によって、デラミネーションに影響する場合がある

– Bond strength can be affected by resin type and filler 樹脂や充填剤によって、接着強度に影響する場合がある

Page 22: FR-4 Reclassification FR-4クラス分け - ul.com and hazard-based safety engineering

Copyright© 1995-2007 Underw riters Laboratories Inc. All rights reserved. No portion of this material may be reprinted

in any form w ithout the express written permission of Underwriters Laboratories Inc. or as otherw ise provided in w riting. 22

PWB Evaluation Risks for FR-4 FR-4の場合にPWBを評価する上でのリスク

• Flame retardants react through either physical or chemical means. 難燃剤は物理的あるいは化学的手段を通して作用する

– Bromine – oxygen scavenger 臭素系 – 脱酸素剤

– Phosphorus – carbon layer リン系 – 炭素層

– Aluminum Hydroxide – water vapor 水酸化アルミニウム – 水蒸気

• PWB flame retardant comes from the base material PWBの難燃剤は基材から得られる

• FR-4s contain different flame retardant systems FR-4は異なる難燃剤系を含む

• Solder resists do not always include flame retardant ソルダーレジストは必ずしも難燃剤を含むわけではない

• Most solder resists evaluated on brominated FR-4 only ほとんどのソルダーレジストは臭素系FR-4に対してのみ評価されている

Page 23: FR-4 Reclassification FR-4クラス分け - ul.com and hazard-based safety engineering

Copyright© 1995-2007 Underw riters Laboratories Inc. All rights reserved. No portion of this material may be reprinted

in any form w ithout the express written permission of Underwriters Laboratories Inc. or as otherw ise provided in w riting.

UL746E Standard Revised by STP STPによるUL746E規格の改訂

• Add new IR reference scans for FR-4 FR-4へ新たなIRリファレンススキャンの追加 – Based on 1996 UL/IPC project

1996年のUL/IPCプロジェクトに基づく

– Include FR-4s with Dicy and Phenolic curing agents ダイサイ及びフェノール性硬化剤を含むFR-4の追加

– 14 IR reference spectra instead of 6 6つのスキャンの代わりに、14のIRリファレンススペクトル

– To maintain UL796 PWB CCIL and Solder Resist programs UL 796 PWBのCCIL及びソルダーレジストプログラムを維持するため

• UL746E, Paragraph 8.7 UL 746E 8.7項抜粋 8.7 A material with non-compliant IR spectra fundamental variations qualifies for additional testing including full performance profile indexing and two or four point thermal aging as described in the Full Test Program, Section 9. The material shall not be given a UL/ANSI type designation.

23

Page 24: FR-4 Reclassification FR-4クラス分け - ul.com and hazard-based safety engineering

Copyright© 1995-2007 Underw riters Laboratories Inc. All rights reserved. No portion of this material may be reprinted

in any form w ithout the express written permission of Underwriters Laboratories Inc. or as otherw ise provided in w riting. 24

QMTS2 FR-4 File Review QMTS2 FR-4ファイルレビュー

• Important Letter dated October 4, 2001 2001年10月4日付けインポータント・レター – All Recognized FR-4s compared with new 14 UL/ANSI FR-4 IR

reference spectra 全てのレコグナイズドFR-4を、UL/ANSIによる14の新規FR-4 IRリファレンススキャンと比較した

• File review results ファイルレビューの結果 – 270 Recognized FR-4s レコグナイズドFR-4が270種類

– 81 materials did not match FR-4 reference FR-4リファレンスに合致しなかった材料が81種類

– Need to create new ANSI groups 新規ANSIグループの作成が必要となった

• Laminate manufacturers requested to provide ラミネートメーカーには以下の情報提供を依頼

– description of resin system, curing agent, flame retardant, fillers, and reinforcement materials 樹脂系、硬化剤、難燃剤、充填剤及び補強剤の説明

Page 25: FR-4 Reclassification FR-4クラス分け - ul.com and hazard-based safety engineering

Copyright© 1995-2007 Underw riters Laboratories Inc. All rights reserved. No portion of this material may be reprinted

in any form w ithout the express written permission of Underwriters Laboratories Inc. or as otherw ise provided in w riting.

UL Working to Reduce Impact ULは影響を減尐すべく取り組んでいます

• Postponed FR-4 file review effective date FR-4ファイルレビューの発効日を延期

• Industry meetings to develop laminate and PWB solutions ラミネートやPWBの課題を解決するための工業会とのミーティング

– UL/ANSI groups UL/ANSIグループ

– PWB reduced testing programs PWB簡易試験プログラム

• Research to find test methods for material compatibility 材料の互換性をもたらす試験方法を特定するためのリサーチ

– Time to Delamination (T260) 熱剥離(T260)

– Oxygen Index 酸素指数

• FR-4 file review must be completed due to published UL746E standard requirements 発効されたUL 746E規格の要求事項のため、FR-4ファイルレビューを完了しなければならない

25

Page 26: FR-4 Reclassification FR-4クラス分け - ul.com and hazard-based safety engineering

Copyright© 1995-2007 Underw riters Laboratories Inc. All rights reserved. No portion of this material may be reprinted

in any form w ithout the express written permission of Underwriters Laboratories Inc. or as otherw ise provided in w riting.

FR-4 Research Timeline FR-4リサーチのタイムライン

• 1996 – UL and IPC FR-4 Project – What is FR-4? 1996 – ULとIPCによるFR-4プロジェクト – FR-4とは何か?

• 1999 - Review FR-4 results for possible grouping 1999 – グループ分けの可能性に対するFR-4結果のレビュー

• 2001 - Proposal to update UL746E with new FR-4 IR spectra 2001 – 新規FR-4 IRスペクトルでUL746Eを改訂するよう提案

• 2001 - FR-4 laminate file review begins 2001 – FR-4ラミネートのファイルレビュー開始

• 2002 - UL begins work with JTPIA and IPC to develop compatibility test program 2002 – ULは互換性のある試験プログラムを開発するためJTPIAとIPCと共に取り組みを開始

• 2003 - Industry requests UL to develop program for filled FR-4s 2003 – 工業会より充填剤入りFR-4のプログラムの開発依頼を受ける

• 2003 – 2004 Time to delamination (T260) test evaluated with IPC and JTPIA 2003 – 2004 IPC及びJTPIAと共に熱剥離(T260)試験を評価

• 2004 - File review effective date postponed due to high number of noncompliant FR-4s 2004 – 不適合FR-4の件数の多さからファイルレビューの発効日が延期される

26

Page 27: FR-4 Reclassification FR-4クラス分け - ul.com and hazard-based safety engineering

Copyright© 1995-2007 Underw riters Laboratories Inc. All rights reserved. No portion of this material may be reprinted

in any form w ithout the express written permission of Underwriters Laboratories Inc. or as otherw ise provided in w riting.

FR-4 Research Timeline – cont. FR-4リサーチのタイムライン – つづき

• 2005 - Announcement of FR-4 Reclassification sent to industry STP and Subscribers of standards UL746E and UL796 2005 – FR-4クラス分けの発表がインダストリーのSTP及びUL746E及びUL796規格のサブスクライバ―宛に発送される

• 2006 – Review of JTPIA FR-4 grouping, test data needed 2006 – JTPIAによるFR-4グループ分けのレビュー、試験データが必要となる

• 2007 – Report on Oxygen Index and Td Leadfree UL research 2007 – 酸素指数及びTd 鉛フリーに関するULリサーチのレポート

• 2007 and 2008 – UL/IPC/JPCA joint meeting at JPCA show in Tokyo, Japan 2007及び2008 – 東京にてUL/IPC/JPCAによる共同ミーティングが開催される

• 2008 – FR-4 STP task group teleconference to finalize grouping proposal 2008 – グループ分けの提案を最終化に向けてのFR-4 STPタスクグループによる電話会議

• 2008 – Meeting with Taiwan laminate manufacturers regarding FR-4 grouping 2008 – FR-4グループ分けに関する台湾のラミネートメーカーとの打ち合わせ

• 2009 – UL and JTPIA FR-4 Reclassification teleconference 2009 – UL及びJTPIAとのFR-4クラス分けに関する電話会議

• 2010 – IPC, JPCA, TPCA discussions regarding FR-4 Reclassification. 2010 – IPC、JPCA、TPCAによるFR-4クラス分けに関するディスカッション

27

Page 28: FR-4 Reclassification FR-4クラス分け - ul.com and hazard-based safety engineering

Copyright© 1995-2007 Underw riters Laboratories Inc. All rights reserved. No portion of this material may be reprinted

in any form w ithout the express written permission of Underwriters Laboratories Inc. or as otherw ise provided in w riting. 28

Search for Equivalency Tests 同等性試験の探求

• Time to Delamination (T260) test 熱剥離(T260)試験 – Test is not reproducible in different labs 試験所によって試験に再現性がなかった

– Must use a control material コントロール材料を使用しなければならない

– Control material varies based on materials tested コントロール材料は試験する材料によって異なる

– Mixed dissimilar materials – 2 controls needed (one of each pure material) 異種材料の混合 – 2つのコントロール材が必要となる(純物質毎に1つ)

• Oxygen Index test (ASTM D2863) 酸素指数試験(ASTM D2863) – Can not establish relationship between UL94 flammability

classification and oxygen index UL 94燃焼クラスと酸素指数との相関関係を確立できない

• Solder Resist – Epoxy and Acrylic ソルダーレジスト – エポキシとアクリル

• FR-4 Laminates – Traditional, Epoxy blend, Filled, Halogen Free FR-4ラミネート – 従来型、エポキシ、充填剤入り、ハロゲンフリー

Page 29: FR-4 Reclassification FR-4クラス分け - ul.com and hazard-based safety engineering

Copyright© 1995-2007 Underw riters Laboratories Inc. All rights reserved. No portion of this material may be reprinted

in any form w ithout the express written permission of Underwriters Laboratories Inc. or as otherw ise provided in w riting. 29

Options to Resolve FR-4 Issue FR-4問題を解決するためのオプション

1. Classify all Epoxy based materials as FR-4 without known chemistry or performance 既知の化学的性質やパフォーマンスなしに、エポキシベースの材料は全てFR-4と分類する

2. Maintain traditional FR-4s only 従来型のFR-4のみを維持する

3. Reclassify FR-4 based on performance only パフォーマンスにのみ基づきFR-4を分類する

4. Reclassify FR-4 based on chemistry and performance 化学的性質やパフォーマンスに基づきFR-4を分類する

Page 30: FR-4 Reclassification FR-4クラス分け - ul.com and hazard-based safety engineering

Copyright© 1995-2007 Underw riters Laboratories Inc. All rights reserved. No portion of this material may be reprinted

in any form w ithout the express written permission of Underwriters Laboratories Inc. or as otherw ise provided in w riting. 30

Impact to Industry 業界へのインパクト

Option 1 Classify all Epoxy materials as FR-4 Industry Laminate Solder Resist PWB End Product

Impact No File Review File Review

File Review

Specify

individual

PWBs

Abbreviated

program

discontinued

Solder Resist

program

discontinued

CCIL and Solder Resist

program discontinued

LTTA on all

new material

Flame testing

on each

material

Full testing on all

laminates and solder

resists

Option1 エポキシベースの材料はすべてFR-4と分類する

Page 31: FR-4 Reclassification FR-4クラス分け - ul.com and hazard-based safety engineering

Copyright© 1995-2007 Underw riters Laboratories Inc. All rights reserved. No portion of this material may be reprinted

in any form w ithout the express written permission of Underwriters Laboratories Inc. or as otherw ise provided in w riting. 31

Impact to Industry 業界へのインパクト

Option 2 Maintain traditional FR-4s only,

other epoxy based materials Non-ANSI Industry Laminate Solder Resist PWB End Product

Impact File Review,

epoxy based

now Non-ANSI

No File Review File Review Specify traditional FR-4

PWBs only

Abbreviated program

maintained

Solder Resist program

maintained

CCIL and Solder Resist program maintained

Specify non-ANSI as

individual PWBs

LTTA if IR

non-compliant,

Recognized

Non-ANSI

Option to test

on Non-ANSIs

Full testing Non-ANSI

laminates with all

solder resists

Option 2 従来型のFR-4のみを維持する。 その他のエポキシベースの材料はNon-ANSI

Page 32: FR-4 Reclassification FR-4クラス分け - ul.com and hazard-based safety engineering

Copyright© 1995-2007 Underw riters Laboratories Inc. All rights reserved. No portion of this material may be reprinted

in any form w ithout the express written permission of Underwriters Laboratories Inc. or as otherw ise provided in w riting. 32

Impact to Industry 業界へのインパクト

Option 3 Reclassify FR-4s based on performance only Industry Laminate Solder Resist PWB End Product

Impact File Review File Review File Review Specify

individual

PWBs

Abbreviated

program

discontinued

Change Solder

Resist program

to performance

Change CCIL and

Solder Resist program

to performance

Unable to

determine test

program

Unable to

determine test

program

Test based on

performance of all

laminates

LTTA on all

new materials

Flame testing

based on

performance

all materials

Test based on

performance of all

solder resists

Option 3 パフォーマンスのみに基づきFR-4を分類する

Page 33: FR-4 Reclassification FR-4クラス分け - ul.com and hazard-based safety engineering

Copyright© 1995-2007 Underw riters Laboratories Inc. All rights reserved. No portion of this material may be reprinted

in any form w ithout the express written permission of Underwriters Laboratories Inc. or as otherw ise provided in w riting. 33

Impact to Industry 業界へのインパクト

Option 4 Reclassify FR-4s based on chemistry and performance Industry Laminate Solder Resist PWB End Product

Impact Limited File

Review

No File Review

Limited File Review

Specify FR-4

and new ANSI group PWBs

Abbreviated

program

maintained for

existing and

new ANSI

groups

Solder Resist

program

maintained for

existing and

new ANSI

groups

CCIL and Solder

Resist program

maintained for

existing and new

ANSI groups

Specify non-ANSI as individual

PWBs

LTTA on new

material if IR

non-compliant

with new ANSI

groups

Option to test

new ANSI

groups and

Non-ANSI

materials

Test Non-ANSI

laminates with each

solder resist

Option 4 化学的性質とパフォーマンスに基づきFR-4を分類する

Page 34: FR-4 Reclassification FR-4クラス分け - ul.com and hazard-based safety engineering

Copyright© 1995-2007 Underw riters Laboratories Inc. All rights reserved. No portion of this material may be reprinted

in any form w ithout the express written permission of Underwriters Laboratories Inc. or as otherw ise provided in w riting. 34

Proposed New UL/ANSI Groups 提案されている新規UL/ANSIグループ

UL/ANSI Type

Primary

Resin

Secondary

Resin Filler

Curing

Agent

Flame

Retardant Reinforcement

FR-4 @1

Current Definition Epoxy None None

Dicy or

Novolac Bromine Woven Glass

FR-4F @1

(proposed filled FR-4) Epoxy None

Inorganic

Max 30%

Dicy or

Novolac Bromine Woven Glass

FR-4G (FR-7) @2

(proposed Low-

Halogen FR-4) Epoxy None None

Dicy or

Novolac Phosphorus Woven Glass

FR-4GF (FR-7F) @2

(proposed Low-

Halogen filled FR-4) Epoxy None

Inorganic

Max 30%

Dicy or

Novolac

Phosphorus

and

Aluminum

Hydroxide Woven Glass

FR-4B (FR-8)

(proposed Polymer

Blend FR-4) Epoxy

Cyanate

Ester None

Dicy or

Novolac Bromine Woven Glass

@1 - Types considered equivalent for MCIL and Permanent Coatings PWB programs.

@2 – Types considered equivalent for MCIL and Permanent Coatings PWB programs.

Inorganic filler – Includes Silica, Clay, Talc, Ceramic, Calcium Carbonate, Aluminum Hydroxide, Cab-O-

Sil (Mica?), Titanium Oxide

Page 35: FR-4 Reclassification FR-4クラス分け - ul.com and hazard-based safety engineering

Copyright© 1995-2007 Underw riters Laboratories Inc. All rights reserved. No portion of this material may be reprinted

in any form w ithout the express written permission of Underwriters Laboratories Inc. or as otherw ise provided in w riting. 35

Summary まとめ

• Intent of PWB CCIL and Coating programs CCILとコーティングプログラムの目的 – Reduced testing program for PWBs based on fundamental assumption

that each UL/ANSI material performs the same 各UL/ANSI材料が同様のパフォーマンスを示すとの原理となる想定をベースに、試験を減らすことができる

• Enhanced Epoxy laminates do not perform same 改良されたエポキシラミネートは全て同じパフォーマンスを示さない – Large amount of research available from industry 業界から多くのリサーチ結果が得られた

• Lead-free processing requires higher temps 鉛フリー処理により、より高温が要求されている – Past performance can’t predict the future 過去の実績は、将来を予見できない

• Reclassification must include characterization criteria to demonstrate equivalence to allow reduced testing of FR-4 in PWBs to continue クラス分けには、PWBにおけるFR-4の簡易試験を継続するためにも同等性を証明するための特徴化の基準を含まなければならない

Page 36: FR-4 Reclassification FR-4クラス分け - ul.com and hazard-based safety engineering

Copyright© 1995-2007 Underw riters Laboratories Inc. All rights reserved. No portion of this material may be reprinted

in any form w ithout the express written permission of Underwriters Laboratories Inc. or as otherw ise provided in w riting. 36

Proposed Timeline for File Review ファイルレビューのスケジュール案

• Written proposal to STP March 2011 STPへのプロポーザル(改訂案)提出

• Comment deadline April 2011 コメント期日

• Discuss comments at STP April 2011 STPでコメントについて議論

• Ballot proposal May 2011 プロポーザル(改訂案)への投票

• Publish requirements September 2011 要求事項の発行

• Laminate IFR effective date 2013 ラミネートのIFR発効日

• Solder resist IFR effective date 2013 ソルダーレジストのIFR発効日

• PWB IFR effective date 2015 PWBのIFR発効日