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Copyright© 1995-2007 Underw riters Laboratories Inc. All rights reserved. No portion of this material may be reprinted
in any form w ithout the express written permission of Underwriters Laboratories Inc. or as otherw ise provided in w riting.
FR-4 Reclassification
FR-4クラス分け
Crystal Vanderpan March 2011
Copyright© 1995-2007 Underw riters Laboratories Inc. All rights reserved. No portion of this material may be reprinted
in any form w ithout the express written permission of Underwriters Laboratories Inc. or as otherw ise provided in w riting. 2
Agenda 議題
• Characterization of components
コンポーネントの特徴化
– PWB Hazards in the End Product
最終製品におけるPWBハザード
– PWB Abbreviated Test Programs
PWB簡易試験プログラム
• History of FR-4 Laminate
FR-4ラミネートの歴史
• Proposal to Reduce Testing
試験削減への提案
• Risk if No Action
対応しなかった場合のリスク
Copyright© 1995-2007 Underw riters Laboratories Inc. All rights reserved. No portion of this material may be reprinted
in any form w ithout the express written permission of Underwriters Laboratories Inc. or as otherw ise provided in w riting.
Who is UL? ULとは?
• Underwriters Laboratories Inc. アンダーライターズ・ラボラトリーズ社
– Is an independent, not for profit, safety testing and certification organization 非営利の第三者安全試験及び認証機関
• Global leader in product safety 製品安全のグローバルリーダー
– Promoting safe living and working environments by the application of safety science and hazard-based safety engineering 安全工学とハザードベースセーフティーエンジニアリングの適用を通して、安全な生活と労働環境を推進している
– Supporting the production and use of products which are physically and environmentally safe 物理的及び環境的に安全な製品の製造及び使用を支援
– UL name and marks are known and trusted around the globe ULの名称とマークは世界各国で認識され信頼されている
End-Product Listing Mark 最終製品リスティングマーク
Component Recognition Mark コンポーネント・レコグニション・マーク
3
Copyright© 1995-2007 Underw riters Laboratories Inc. All rights reserved. No portion of this material may be reprinted
in any form w ithout the express written permission of Underwriters Laboratories Inc. or as otherw ise provided in w riting.
Who is UL? ULとは?
• Leader in standards development, testing and certification 規格開発、試験及び認証のリーダー – PWB Safety Standards
PWB安全規格
Today
現在
1958
IPC founded 1958年
IPC創立
1965
UL 796
1985
UL 746E
1972
UL 94
1894
UL founded 1894年
UL創立
2000
UL 796F
2006
UL 746F
1990
CPCA founded 1990年
CPCA創立
4
Copyright© 1995-2007 Underw riters Laboratories Inc. All rights reserved. No portion of this material may be reprinted
in any form w ithout the express written permission of Underwriters Laboratories Inc. or as otherw ise provided in w riting.
Who is UL? ULとは?
• 175 Materials staff globally グローバルに175名のマテリアル部門スタッフ
– Asia: China, Hong Kong, Taiwan, Japan, Korea, India アジア:中国、香港、台湾、日本、韓国、インド
– US: California, Washington, Illinois, New York, North Carolina 米国:カリフォルニア、ワシントン、イリノイ、ニューヨーク、ノースカロライナ
– Europe: UK, Denmark, Netherlands, Italy 欧州:UK、デンマーク、オランダ、イタリア
• Materials testing labs マテリアルの試験ラボ
– Taiwan, US, Denmark, Germany 台湾、米国、デンマーク、ドイツ
5
Copyright© 1995-2007 Underw riters Laboratories Inc. All rights reserved. No portion of this material may be reprinted
in any form w ithout the express written permission of Underwriters Laboratories Inc. or as otherw ise provided in w riting.
UL Aims to Reduce Risks ULはリスク削減を目的としている
• Fire 火災
• Electric Shock 感電
• Personal Injury 人的傷害
• Environmental Hazards
環境ハザード
• Comply with International and North American
safety standards
国際及び北米安全規格との適合性
6
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in any form w ithout the express written permission of Underwriters Laboratories Inc. or as otherw ise provided in w riting.
“Hazard-Based” Engineering Approach 「ハザードベース」エンジニアリングの取り組み
HBSE – Hazard Based Safety Evaluation HBSE – ハザードベースの安全評価
• Analyze the installation 装置/設備の分析
– Location and intended use 位置/場所や使用用途
– Attachment systems, wiring systems 接続システム、配線システム
– Hazards ハザード
• Analyze the product 製品の分析
– Materials 材料
– Construction 構造
– Hazards ハザード
Copyright© 1995-2007 Underw riters Laboratories Inc. All rights reserved. No portion of this material may be reprinted
in any form w ithout the express written permission of Underwriters Laboratories Inc. or as otherw ise provided in w riting.
PWB Hazard Based Evaluation PWBのハザードベース評価
• PWB safety hazards in the end product
最終製品におけるPWBの安全ハザード
– Risk of electric shock
感電のリスク
– Risk of flammability
燃焼性のリスク
8
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in any form w ithout the express written permission of Underwriters Laboratories Inc. or as otherw ise provided in w riting.
PWB HBSE – Risk of Electric Shock PWB HBSE – 感電のリスク
– Risk of electric shock due to spacing/insulation deficiencies スペーシング/絶縁の欠陥による感電のリスク
• Reduced Spacings スペーシングの縮小
– Conductor adhesion 導体の接着
– Silver migration 銀マイグレーション
– Plating adhesion めっきの接着
– Delamination, warping or cracking 剥離、歪み、割れ
• Insulation Breakdown 絶縁破壊
• Mechanical Strength Deficiency 機械的強度の欠陥
– Ability to support components コンポーネントを支持する力
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in any form w ithout the express written permission of Underwriters Laboratories Inc. or as otherw ise provided in w riting.
PWB HBSE – Risk of Flammability PWB HBSE – 燃焼性のリスク
– Risk of flammability 燃焼性のリスク
• Fuel for fire and increased burn time 燃料と燃焼時間の増加
– Coatings without flame retardant - solder resist, plugged hole and marking material 難燃剤を含まないコーティング – ソルダーレジスト、穴埋め、及び マーキング材料
• Ignitability 発火性
– Hot wire exposure ホットワイヤへの露出
– Arcing exposure アーク放電への露出
10
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in any form w ithout the express written permission of Underwriters Laboratories Inc. or as otherw ise provided in w riting.
Why UL PWBs? なぜUL認証されたPWBなのか?
• Component and PWB certification driven by end-product requirements コンポーネントやPWBの認証は最終製品の要求事項によって推進される
– Many end-product standards require UL Recognized PWBs, for example: 最終製品規格の多くはULレコグナイズドされたPWBを要求する、例えば: • IEC 60950 (Information Technology Equipment)
• V-1 flame, MOT for application, and direct support
• IEC 60601 (Medical Equipment)
• IEC 60065 (Audio & Video Equipment)
• IEC 60335 (Appliances)
• Using Recognized materials and components can significantly reduce testing for OEMs レコグナイズドされた材料やコンポーネントを使用することで、OEMは試験を大幅に削減できる
11
Copyright© 1995-2007 Underw riters Laboratories Inc. All rights reserved. No portion of this material may be reprinted
in any form w ithout the express written permission of Underwriters Laboratories Inc. or as otherw ise provided in w riting.
Standards Development 規格の開発
• UL certifies products and is instrumental in the development and the recommendations for maintaining Safety Standards ULは製品を認証し、安全規格の開発や維持への推奨に尽力している
• Writing and maintaining Safety Standards is a collaboration exercise 安全規格の策定及び維持は共同的な作業である – UL experts, manufacturers, industry groups, product consumers
ULからの専門家、製造業者、業界グループ、製品の消費者
– Controlled by the Standards Technical Panel (STP) スタンダードテクニカル(規格策定)パネル(STP)によって管理される
• UL has only one vote within each STP ULは各STPにおいて1票のみ与えられている
– STP participation and membership information available at: STPへの参加やメンバーシップに関する情報は下記を参照ください: http://ulstandardsinfonet.ul.com/stp/call_4_members.html
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in any form w ithout the express written permission of Underwriters Laboratories Inc. or as otherw ise provided in w riting.
STP Representative Categories STPの代表カテゴリー
• Supply Chain: サプライチェーン: – Component producers for standards covering end-products 最終製品規格の対象となるコンポーネントの製造者
• Commercial/Industrial User: 商業用/工業用ユーザー: – Organizations that use the product in a commercial or industrial setting 製品を商業用又は工業用の設定で使用する組織
• AHJ (Authority Having Jurisdiction): AHJ(規制管理局): – Regulation or enforcement organizations of the code and standard
requirements at a regional (e.g. state or province) and/or local level 地域(例、州又は省)及び/又は現地レベルでのコードや規格の要求事項の規制又は執行機関
• Government: 政府: – Representatives from national government agencies. 国の政府機関からの代表者
13
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in any form w ithout the express written permission of Underwriters Laboratories Inc. or as otherw ise provided in w riting.
STP Representative Categories - cont. STPの代表カテゴリー – つづき
• Testing and Standards Organization: 試験及び標準化機関: – Organizations that test and/or certify products 製品を試験及び/又は認証する機関
• International Delegate: 国際代理人: – International delegate is an individual representing a National
Standards Body outside of the United States (e.g. JISC, DIN). This person is designated by the National Standards Body and approved by the STP Chair 国際代理人とは、米国外で国家規格機関を代表する個人である(例、JISC、DIN)。この代理人は、国家規格機関によって指定され、STP議長によって承認される
14
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in any form w ithout the express written permission of Underwriters Laboratories Inc. or as otherw ise provided in w riting. 15
Background for UL/ANSI Laminate UL/ANSIラミネートの背景
• UL/ANSI laminate types based on UL/ANSIラミネートタイプは以下に基づいている: – Chemistry and performance 化学的特性とパフォーマンス
– Characterization of material for use in PWBs PWBで使用するための材料の特徴化
• Benefits of classification system クラス分けシステムのメリット
– Industrial Laminate Abbreviated Test Program ラミネートの簡易試験プログラム
– PWB MCIL/CCIL* Test Program PWBのMCIL/CCIL*試験プログラム
– PWB Permanent Coatings Program PWBのパーマネントコーティングプログラム
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Background for UL/ANSI Laminate – cont. UL/ANSIラミネートの背景 – つづき
• Fundamental assumption of abbreviated testing programs: 簡易試験プログラムの原理となる想定: – Characterization criteria demonstrates that one material
performs similarly to another (no additional testing required) 特徴化の基準は、1つの材料が別の材料と同等のパフォーマンスを示すことを証明する(追加試験が要求されない)
• Characterization criteria must be maintain to allow the benefits of these programs to continue これらプログラムのメリットを継続するためには、特徴化の基準が維持されなければならない
* MCIL – metal clad industrial laminate, CCIL – copper clad industrial laminate * MCIL – メタルクラッド工業用ラミネート、CCIL – 銅張工業用ラミネート
Copyright© 1995-2007 Underw riters Laboratories Inc. All rights reserved. No portion of this material may be reprinted
in any form w ithout the express written permission of Underwriters Laboratories Inc. or as otherw ise provided in w riting.
PWB MCIL / CCIL Test Program PWBのMCIL / CCIL試験プログラム
• Reduced / No-Test Programs for Recognized Boards レコグナイズドされた基板のための削減された試験 / 試験なしプログラム
• MCIL / CCIL* Program MCIL / CCIL*プログラム – Addition of laminate and laminate/prepreg packages to existing boards 既存の基板に対するラミネート及びラミネート/プリプレグ・パッケージの追加
– Assumes each UL/ANSI material has the same performance 各UL/ANSI材料は同じパフォーマンスを示すと想定される
– Metal-clad laminate parameters need to be equal or more severe than PCB being added to メタルクラッドラミネートのパラメーターは、追加されるPCBと同等又はより厳しくなければならない
– Single-layer materials waive all testing 単層材料の場合は、全ての試験を免除できる
– Multi-layer materials waive all testing but delamination-only 多層材料の場合は、剥離以外は全ての試験を免除できる
– Multi-layer core materials to HDI boards waive all testing but delamination-only HDI基板で使用する多層のコア材料の場合は、剥離以外は全ての試験を免除できる
17
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in any form w ithout the express written permission of Underwriters Laboratories Inc. or as otherw ise provided in w riting.
PWB Permanent Coatings Program PWBのパーマネントコーティングプログラム
• No-Test Programs for Recognized Boards レコグナイズドされた基板の場合は試験なしプログラム
• Permanent Coatings Program パーマネントコーティングプログラム – Solder resist additions to existing boards 既存の基板へのソルダーレジストの追加
– Assumes each core UL/ANSI material has the same performance それぞれのコアUL/ANS材料が同じパフォーマンスを持つと想定される
– Solder resist to have equal or more severe parameters than PWB being added to ソルダーレジストは追加されるPWBと同等又はより厳しいパラメーターを持たなければならない
– No testing to add to single or multi-layer boards 単層又は多層基板に追加する場合は試験なし
18
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in any form w ithout the express written permission of Underwriters Laboratories Inc. or as otherw ise provided in w riting. 19
FR-4 History and Definition FR-4の歴史と定義
• FR-4 created in 1968 with NEMA FR-4は1968年にNEMAと共同作成
– Six IR reference scans 6つのIRリファレンススキャン
– NEMA – National Electrical Manufacturers Association NEMA – 米国電気工業会
• Scans represent industry intent at the time スキャンは当時の業界の意図を代表するものである
– Epoxy resin エポキシ樹脂
– Brominated flame retardant 臭素系難燃剤
– Dicy curing agent ダイサイ硬化剤
– No filler 充填剤なし
– Woven glass fabric reinforcement ガラス織布基材
• Electrical and mechanical performance criteria defined in UL746E 電気的及び機械的パフォーマンス基準はUL 746Eに規定される
Copyright© 1995-2007 Underw riters Laboratories Inc. All rights reserved. No portion of this material may be reprinted
in any form w ithout the express written permission of Underwriters Laboratories Inc. or as otherw ise provided in w riting. 20
FR-4 Survey Project – What is FR-4? FR-4サーベイプロジェクト – FR-4とは何か?
• 1996 UL/IPC Project intended to address 1996年のUL/IPCプロジェクトは以下に対応した – Poor quality of original six (6) FR-4 reference scans 現存の6つのFR-4リファレンススキャンの品質向上
– Modified FR-4 materials - “what is an FR-4?” 改良されたFR-4材料 - 「FR-4とは何か?」
– Do modified materials reflect the traditional FR-4 definition? 改良された材料は、元々のFR-4定義を反映しているだろうか?
Copyright© 1995-2007 Underw riters Laboratories Inc. All rights reserved. No portion of this material may be reprinted
in any form w ithout the express written permission of Underwriters Laboratories Inc. or as otherw ise provided in w riting. 21
PWB Evaluation Risks for FR-4 FR-4の場合にPWBを評価する上でのリスク
• Past and future FR-4 performance これまで、そして今後のFR-4のパフォーマンス – All current FR-4 materials do not represent each other
for the purpose of testing 全ての現行のFR-4材料が試験において互いを代表するものではない
– Some FR-4s are less thermally stable FR-4の中には熱的安定性がより低いものがある
– Delamination can be affected by brittle resins and filler 脆弱な樹脂や充填剤によって、デラミネーションに影響する場合がある
– Bond strength can be affected by resin type and filler 樹脂や充填剤によって、接着強度に影響する場合がある
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PWB Evaluation Risks for FR-4 FR-4の場合にPWBを評価する上でのリスク
• Flame retardants react through either physical or chemical means. 難燃剤は物理的あるいは化学的手段を通して作用する
– Bromine – oxygen scavenger 臭素系 – 脱酸素剤
– Phosphorus – carbon layer リン系 – 炭素層
– Aluminum Hydroxide – water vapor 水酸化アルミニウム – 水蒸気
• PWB flame retardant comes from the base material PWBの難燃剤は基材から得られる
• FR-4s contain different flame retardant systems FR-4は異なる難燃剤系を含む
• Solder resists do not always include flame retardant ソルダーレジストは必ずしも難燃剤を含むわけではない
• Most solder resists evaluated on brominated FR-4 only ほとんどのソルダーレジストは臭素系FR-4に対してのみ評価されている
Copyright© 1995-2007 Underw riters Laboratories Inc. All rights reserved. No portion of this material may be reprinted
in any form w ithout the express written permission of Underwriters Laboratories Inc. or as otherw ise provided in w riting.
UL746E Standard Revised by STP STPによるUL746E規格の改訂
• Add new IR reference scans for FR-4 FR-4へ新たなIRリファレンススキャンの追加 – Based on 1996 UL/IPC project
1996年のUL/IPCプロジェクトに基づく
– Include FR-4s with Dicy and Phenolic curing agents ダイサイ及びフェノール性硬化剤を含むFR-4の追加
– 14 IR reference spectra instead of 6 6つのスキャンの代わりに、14のIRリファレンススペクトル
– To maintain UL796 PWB CCIL and Solder Resist programs UL 796 PWBのCCIL及びソルダーレジストプログラムを維持するため
• UL746E, Paragraph 8.7 UL 746E 8.7項抜粋 8.7 A material with non-compliant IR spectra fundamental variations qualifies for additional testing including full performance profile indexing and two or four point thermal aging as described in the Full Test Program, Section 9. The material shall not be given a UL/ANSI type designation.
23
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QMTS2 FR-4 File Review QMTS2 FR-4ファイルレビュー
• Important Letter dated October 4, 2001 2001年10月4日付けインポータント・レター – All Recognized FR-4s compared with new 14 UL/ANSI FR-4 IR
reference spectra 全てのレコグナイズドFR-4を、UL/ANSIによる14の新規FR-4 IRリファレンススキャンと比較した
• File review results ファイルレビューの結果 – 270 Recognized FR-4s レコグナイズドFR-4が270種類
– 81 materials did not match FR-4 reference FR-4リファレンスに合致しなかった材料が81種類
– Need to create new ANSI groups 新規ANSIグループの作成が必要となった
• Laminate manufacturers requested to provide ラミネートメーカーには以下の情報提供を依頼
– description of resin system, curing agent, flame retardant, fillers, and reinforcement materials 樹脂系、硬化剤、難燃剤、充填剤及び補強剤の説明
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in any form w ithout the express written permission of Underwriters Laboratories Inc. or as otherw ise provided in w riting.
UL Working to Reduce Impact ULは影響を減尐すべく取り組んでいます
• Postponed FR-4 file review effective date FR-4ファイルレビューの発効日を延期
• Industry meetings to develop laminate and PWB solutions ラミネートやPWBの課題を解決するための工業会とのミーティング
– UL/ANSI groups UL/ANSIグループ
– PWB reduced testing programs PWB簡易試験プログラム
• Research to find test methods for material compatibility 材料の互換性をもたらす試験方法を特定するためのリサーチ
– Time to Delamination (T260) 熱剥離(T260)
– Oxygen Index 酸素指数
• FR-4 file review must be completed due to published UL746E standard requirements 発効されたUL 746E規格の要求事項のため、FR-4ファイルレビューを完了しなければならない
25
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in any form w ithout the express written permission of Underwriters Laboratories Inc. or as otherw ise provided in w riting.
FR-4 Research Timeline FR-4リサーチのタイムライン
• 1996 – UL and IPC FR-4 Project – What is FR-4? 1996 – ULとIPCによるFR-4プロジェクト – FR-4とは何か?
• 1999 - Review FR-4 results for possible grouping 1999 – グループ分けの可能性に対するFR-4結果のレビュー
• 2001 - Proposal to update UL746E with new FR-4 IR spectra 2001 – 新規FR-4 IRスペクトルでUL746Eを改訂するよう提案
• 2001 - FR-4 laminate file review begins 2001 – FR-4ラミネートのファイルレビュー開始
• 2002 - UL begins work with JTPIA and IPC to develop compatibility test program 2002 – ULは互換性のある試験プログラムを開発するためJTPIAとIPCと共に取り組みを開始
• 2003 - Industry requests UL to develop program for filled FR-4s 2003 – 工業会より充填剤入りFR-4のプログラムの開発依頼を受ける
• 2003 – 2004 Time to delamination (T260) test evaluated with IPC and JTPIA 2003 – 2004 IPC及びJTPIAと共に熱剥離(T260)試験を評価
• 2004 - File review effective date postponed due to high number of noncompliant FR-4s 2004 – 不適合FR-4の件数の多さからファイルレビューの発効日が延期される
26
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FR-4 Research Timeline – cont. FR-4リサーチのタイムライン – つづき
• 2005 - Announcement of FR-4 Reclassification sent to industry STP and Subscribers of standards UL746E and UL796 2005 – FR-4クラス分けの発表がインダストリーのSTP及びUL746E及びUL796規格のサブスクライバ―宛に発送される
• 2006 – Review of JTPIA FR-4 grouping, test data needed 2006 – JTPIAによるFR-4グループ分けのレビュー、試験データが必要となる
• 2007 – Report on Oxygen Index and Td Leadfree UL research 2007 – 酸素指数及びTd 鉛フリーに関するULリサーチのレポート
• 2007 and 2008 – UL/IPC/JPCA joint meeting at JPCA show in Tokyo, Japan 2007及び2008 – 東京にてUL/IPC/JPCAによる共同ミーティングが開催される
• 2008 – FR-4 STP task group teleconference to finalize grouping proposal 2008 – グループ分けの提案を最終化に向けてのFR-4 STPタスクグループによる電話会議
• 2008 – Meeting with Taiwan laminate manufacturers regarding FR-4 grouping 2008 – FR-4グループ分けに関する台湾のラミネートメーカーとの打ち合わせ
• 2009 – UL and JTPIA FR-4 Reclassification teleconference 2009 – UL及びJTPIAとのFR-4クラス分けに関する電話会議
• 2010 – IPC, JPCA, TPCA discussions regarding FR-4 Reclassification. 2010 – IPC、JPCA、TPCAによるFR-4クラス分けに関するディスカッション
27
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in any form w ithout the express written permission of Underwriters Laboratories Inc. or as otherw ise provided in w riting. 28
Search for Equivalency Tests 同等性試験の探求
• Time to Delamination (T260) test 熱剥離(T260)試験 – Test is not reproducible in different labs 試験所によって試験に再現性がなかった
– Must use a control material コントロール材料を使用しなければならない
– Control material varies based on materials tested コントロール材料は試験する材料によって異なる
– Mixed dissimilar materials – 2 controls needed (one of each pure material) 異種材料の混合 – 2つのコントロール材が必要となる(純物質毎に1つ)
• Oxygen Index test (ASTM D2863) 酸素指数試験(ASTM D2863) – Can not establish relationship between UL94 flammability
classification and oxygen index UL 94燃焼クラスと酸素指数との相関関係を確立できない
• Solder Resist – Epoxy and Acrylic ソルダーレジスト – エポキシとアクリル
• FR-4 Laminates – Traditional, Epoxy blend, Filled, Halogen Free FR-4ラミネート – 従来型、エポキシ、充填剤入り、ハロゲンフリー
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Options to Resolve FR-4 Issue FR-4問題を解決するためのオプション
1. Classify all Epoxy based materials as FR-4 without known chemistry or performance 既知の化学的性質やパフォーマンスなしに、エポキシベースの材料は全てFR-4と分類する
2. Maintain traditional FR-4s only 従来型のFR-4のみを維持する
3. Reclassify FR-4 based on performance only パフォーマンスにのみ基づきFR-4を分類する
4. Reclassify FR-4 based on chemistry and performance 化学的性質やパフォーマンスに基づきFR-4を分類する
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Impact to Industry 業界へのインパクト
Option 1 Classify all Epoxy materials as FR-4 Industry Laminate Solder Resist PWB End Product
Impact No File Review File Review
File Review
Specify
individual
PWBs
Abbreviated
program
discontinued
Solder Resist
program
discontinued
CCIL and Solder Resist
program discontinued
LTTA on all
new material
Flame testing
on each
material
Full testing on all
laminates and solder
resists
Option1 エポキシベースの材料はすべてFR-4と分類する
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in any form w ithout the express written permission of Underwriters Laboratories Inc. or as otherw ise provided in w riting. 31
Impact to Industry 業界へのインパクト
Option 2 Maintain traditional FR-4s only,
other epoxy based materials Non-ANSI Industry Laminate Solder Resist PWB End Product
Impact File Review,
epoxy based
now Non-ANSI
No File Review File Review Specify traditional FR-4
PWBs only
Abbreviated program
maintained
Solder Resist program
maintained
CCIL and Solder Resist program maintained
Specify non-ANSI as
individual PWBs
LTTA if IR
non-compliant,
Recognized
Non-ANSI
Option to test
on Non-ANSIs
Full testing Non-ANSI
laminates with all
solder resists
Option 2 従来型のFR-4のみを維持する。 その他のエポキシベースの材料はNon-ANSI
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in any form w ithout the express written permission of Underwriters Laboratories Inc. or as otherw ise provided in w riting. 32
Impact to Industry 業界へのインパクト
Option 3 Reclassify FR-4s based on performance only Industry Laminate Solder Resist PWB End Product
Impact File Review File Review File Review Specify
individual
PWBs
Abbreviated
program
discontinued
Change Solder
Resist program
to performance
Change CCIL and
Solder Resist program
to performance
Unable to
determine test
program
Unable to
determine test
program
Test based on
performance of all
laminates
LTTA on all
new materials
Flame testing
based on
performance
all materials
Test based on
performance of all
solder resists
Option 3 パフォーマンスのみに基づきFR-4を分類する
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in any form w ithout the express written permission of Underwriters Laboratories Inc. or as otherw ise provided in w riting. 33
Impact to Industry 業界へのインパクト
Option 4 Reclassify FR-4s based on chemistry and performance Industry Laminate Solder Resist PWB End Product
Impact Limited File
Review
No File Review
Limited File Review
Specify FR-4
and new ANSI group PWBs
Abbreviated
program
maintained for
existing and
new ANSI
groups
Solder Resist
program
maintained for
existing and
new ANSI
groups
CCIL and Solder
Resist program
maintained for
existing and new
ANSI groups
Specify non-ANSI as individual
PWBs
LTTA on new
material if IR
non-compliant
with new ANSI
groups
Option to test
new ANSI
groups and
Non-ANSI
materials
Test Non-ANSI
laminates with each
solder resist
Option 4 化学的性質とパフォーマンスに基づきFR-4を分類する
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in any form w ithout the express written permission of Underwriters Laboratories Inc. or as otherw ise provided in w riting. 34
Proposed New UL/ANSI Groups 提案されている新規UL/ANSIグループ
UL/ANSI Type
Primary
Resin
Secondary
Resin Filler
Curing
Agent
Flame
Retardant Reinforcement
FR-4 @1
Current Definition Epoxy None None
Dicy or
Novolac Bromine Woven Glass
FR-4F @1
(proposed filled FR-4) Epoxy None
Inorganic
Max 30%
Dicy or
Novolac Bromine Woven Glass
FR-4G (FR-7) @2
(proposed Low-
Halogen FR-4) Epoxy None None
Dicy or
Novolac Phosphorus Woven Glass
FR-4GF (FR-7F) @2
(proposed Low-
Halogen filled FR-4) Epoxy None
Inorganic
Max 30%
Dicy or
Novolac
Phosphorus
and
Aluminum
Hydroxide Woven Glass
FR-4B (FR-8)
(proposed Polymer
Blend FR-4) Epoxy
Cyanate
Ester None
Dicy or
Novolac Bromine Woven Glass
@1 - Types considered equivalent for MCIL and Permanent Coatings PWB programs.
@2 – Types considered equivalent for MCIL and Permanent Coatings PWB programs.
Inorganic filler – Includes Silica, Clay, Talc, Ceramic, Calcium Carbonate, Aluminum Hydroxide, Cab-O-
Sil (Mica?), Titanium Oxide
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in any form w ithout the express written permission of Underwriters Laboratories Inc. or as otherw ise provided in w riting. 35
Summary まとめ
• Intent of PWB CCIL and Coating programs CCILとコーティングプログラムの目的 – Reduced testing program for PWBs based on fundamental assumption
that each UL/ANSI material performs the same 各UL/ANSI材料が同様のパフォーマンスを示すとの原理となる想定をベースに、試験を減らすことができる
• Enhanced Epoxy laminates do not perform same 改良されたエポキシラミネートは全て同じパフォーマンスを示さない – Large amount of research available from industry 業界から多くのリサーチ結果が得られた
• Lead-free processing requires higher temps 鉛フリー処理により、より高温が要求されている – Past performance can’t predict the future 過去の実績は、将来を予見できない
• Reclassification must include characterization criteria to demonstrate equivalence to allow reduced testing of FR-4 in PWBs to continue クラス分けには、PWBにおけるFR-4の簡易試験を継続するためにも同等性を証明するための特徴化の基準を含まなければならない
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in any form w ithout the express written permission of Underwriters Laboratories Inc. or as otherw ise provided in w riting. 36
Proposed Timeline for File Review ファイルレビューのスケジュール案
• Written proposal to STP March 2011 STPへのプロポーザル(改訂案)提出
• Comment deadline April 2011 コメント期日
• Discuss comments at STP April 2011 STPでコメントについて議論
• Ballot proposal May 2011 プロポーザル(改訂案)への投票
• Publish requirements September 2011 要求事項の発行
• Laminate IFR effective date 2013 ラミネートのIFR発効日
• Solder resist IFR effective date 2013 ソルダーレジストのIFR発効日
• PWB IFR effective date 2015 PWBのIFR発効日