French Revolution(1789-1799)

Evolution of Civilization

• STATUS ( 신분 )

• SUBJECT ( 신민 )

• CLASS ( 계급 )

• CITIZEN ( 시민 )

MONARCHY vs. REPUBLIC ( 군주제와 공화정 )

Multiple Voices

Sieyès: What is the Third Estate? Everything. What has it been hitherto in the political order? Nothing. What does it desire to be? Something.

Robespierre: “virtue, without which terror is fatal; terror, without which virtue is impotent. Terror is nothing other than prompt, severe, inflexible justice…The government in a revolution is the despotism of liberty against tyranny”

Edmund Burke: “The French had shown themselves the ablest architects of ruin that had hitherto existed in the world. In that very short space of time they had completely pulled down to the ground, their monarchy, their church, their nobility, their law, their revenue, their army, their navy…Society is indeed a contract, but a partnership not only between those who are living, but between those who are dead, and those who are to be born”

Historical Terms

Deputy, delegate, representative: 대표 , 의원Estate, status, caste: 신분 <->Class: 계급Privilege: 특권 , privileged class: 특권층Commoner/Ordinary people: 평민Constitutional Monarchy: 입헌군주제Conservatism, conservative: 보수주의 ,

보수주의자Radical/Moderate Revolutionary: 급진 , 온건

혁명파◦ Jacobin/Girondist

Bourgeois/BourgeoisieStatus quo: 현재 상태Universal adult male suffrage: 보편남성참정권

Crisis of the French Monarchy

The Political Structure before the French Revolution

King

Assembleé des notables

Estates GeneralParlement

(Court)

1614

300

300

300

300

300 600

300

1614 Es-tates Gen-

eral

1789 Es-tates Gen-

eral

1st Es-tate

2nd Es-tate

3rd Estate

The opening of the Estates General in Versailles(May 1789)The Third Estates decides to call itself the National Assembly(June 1789)

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Gironde(Moderates)

Jacobins(Radicals)

The Convention

Estates General

National Assembly

2nd

3rd

1st

The Fall of the Bastille(July 1789)

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Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen (August 1789)Civil Constitution of the Clergy (1790)

Proclamation of the Constitution of 1791Louis XVI at Varennes

The First Phase of Revolution: Liberal Revolution

The opening of the Estates General in Versailles(May 1789)

The Third Estates decides to call itself the National Assembly(June 1789)

The Fall of the Bastille(July 1789)Declaration of the Rights of Man & Citizen(Aug.1789)Abolition of titles of nobility (June 1790)Civil Constitution of the Clergy divides Catholic popu-

lation(July 1790)The Flight to Varennes of the royal family(June 1791)

Counter-revolutionary

King

the other European countries

the nobles(2/3 of the

officer corps)

the half of clergy

The Center of Counter-revolu-tionary Forces

The second phase of Revolution: The Radical Revolution

Declaration of war on Austria (April 1792)Attack on the Tuileries Palace, suspension of the

King (August 1792)Establishment of the First French Republic and

the CONVENTION(Sept.1792)Execution of Louis XVI (Jan. 1793)Robespierre was elected to the Committee of

Public Safety (July 1793)The Terror(Sept.1793-July 1794)

◦ Causes of the Terror: War Situation/Cultural RevolutionThermidorian Reaction (July 1794)Napoleon coup d’etat(Nov.1799)

Attack on the Tuileries Palace, suspension of the King(August 1792)Execution of Louis XVI(January 1793)

The Terror(Sept.1793-July 1794) Thermidorian Reaction(July 1794)

Robespierre: “virtue, without which terror is fatal; terror, without which virtue is powerless. Terror is nothing other than prompt, se-vere, inflexible justice”

Festival of Supreme Being (1794)Republican Calendar (1794)

The Napoleonic EmpireModern French History

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군주제

입헌군주제

사회주의 Left

1789 1799 1815

War with EuropeRight

Napoleon

공화주의

Estates Gen-eral

National Assembly

DirectoryThe

Conven-tion

1792