Upload
berne
View
46
Download
1
Embed Size (px)
DESCRIPTION
Functional Groups. What is the family name?. H. H. H. C. C. H. H. H. alkanes. Only carbon and hydrogen All single bonds. Q : What should you call cyclic hydrocarbons made up o of just single bonds?. A : Cycloalkanes. H. H. C. C. H. H. alkenes. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Citation preview
Functional Groups
What is the family name?
alkanes
Only carbon and hydrogen
All single bondsCC H
H
HH
H
H
Q: What should you call cyclic hydrocarbons made up o of just single bonds?
A: Cycloalkanes
alkenes
Only carbon and hydrogen
A carbon to carbon double bond
C C
H H
HH
Q: What should you call a molecule with two C=Cs?
A: A diene
alcohols
Only one oxygen Has an O-H group Can classify as 1º/2º/3º
according to position of O-H group on carbon skeleton
CC
H H
H
HH
HO
Q: Why are short-chain alcohols so soluble in water?
A: They can form hydrogen bonds with H2O molecules
phenols
Only one oxygen Has an O-H group The O-H group is
directly attached to a benzene ring
HO
Q: The C6H5- group has a special name. What is it?
A: Phenyl
aldehydes
Only one oxygen Has a C=O group C=O group is at the
end of carbon chain, so is next door to a hydrogen atom
C C
H
H
O
HH
Q: Aldehydes can be easily oxidised to form …?
A: Carboxylic acids
ketones
Only one oxygen Has a C=O group C=O group is not
at the end of carbon chain, so is next door to 2 carbons
C C
H
H
O
H
H
C
H
H
Q: Ketones cannot easily be oxidised. Why not?
A: No hydrogen atom attached to the C=O group.
carboxylic acids
Has 2 oxygens Has O-H and C=O
groups on the same carbon atom
This -COOH group has to be at the end of a carbon chain (why?)
C C
H
H
O
OH
H
Q: Write an equation showing how ethanoic acid can a act as a (weak) acid.
A: CH3COOH(aq) CH3COO–(aq) + H+(aq)
esters
Has 2 oxygens One oxygen is part
of a C=O bond, the other is next door, sandwiched between two carbons
C C
H
H
O
OH
C H
H
H
Q: This ester can be made by reacting ethanoic acid with a an alcohol. Name the alcohol, and name the ester.
A: Alcohol = methanol; ester = methyl ethanoate
ethers
Has 1 oxygen No O-H or C=O
group The oxygen is
sandwiched between two carbon atoms
C C
H
H O
H
C H
H
H
H
H
Q: Why do ethers have much lower boiling points t than their isomeric alcohols?
A: No hydrogen bonds between ether molecules (why?)
“What family…?” quiz
Family names: cycloalkane alkene primary (1º) alcohol secondary (2º) alcohol tertiary (3º) alcohol phenol
aldehyde ketone carboxylic acid ester ether
… are you ready?
5 … 4 … 3 … 2 … 1 … GO!
What family does it belong to? (1)
C C
H H
HH
What family does it belong to? (2)
C C
H
H
O
HH
What family does it belong to? (3)
CC
H O
H
HH
HC
H
H
H
What family does it belong to? (4)
OC
H
H
H
What family does it belong to? (5)
H C O C H
H
H
H
H
What family does it belong to? (6)
C C
H
H
O
OH
C H
H
H
What family does it belong to? (7)
C C
H
H
O
H
H
C
H
H
What family does it belong to? (8)
HO
What family does it belong to? (9)
C C
H
C
O
OH
H
H
H
H
What family does it belong to? (10)
CC
H
H
H
HO
CH H
H
C
H H
H
What family does it belong to? (11)
CC
H
H
H
H
H
Answers: “What family?” quiz (1)
C C
H H
HH
alkene
Answers: “What family?” quiz (2)
C C
H
H
O
HH
aldehyde
Answers: “What family?” quiz (3)
secondary alcohol
CC
H O
H
HH
HC
H
H
H
Answers: “What family?” quiz (4)
primary alcohol
OC
H
H
H
Answers: “What family?” quiz (5)
ether
H C O C H
H
H
H
H
Answers: “What family?” quiz (6)
ester
C C
H
H
O
OH
C H
H
H
Answers: “What family?” quiz (7)
ketone
C C
H
H
O
H
H
C
H
H
Answers: “What family?” quiz (8)
phenol
HO
Answers: “What family?” quiz (9)
carboxylic acid
C C
H
C
O
OH
H
H
H
H
Answers: “What family?” quiz (10)
tertiary alcohol
CC
H
H
H
HO
CH H
H
C
H H
H
Answers: “What family?” quiz (11)
cycloalkane
CC
H
H
H
H
H
“Spot the functional groups” quiz
Functional groups: alkene primary (1º) alcohol secondary (2º) alcohol tertiary (3º) alcohol phenol arene (NEW!)
aldehyde ketone carboxylic acid ester ether
… are you ready?
5 … 4 … 3 … 2 … 1 … GO!
Spot both the functional groups (1)
OH
OH
O
OH phenol
OH
O
carboxylic acid
Spot all three functional groups (2)
OH
OO
O
O
OOH
O
carboxylic acid
arene
ester
Spot both the functional groups (3)
OO
OH
OO
OH
phenol
ester
OHOH
OH
Spot both the functional groups (4)
OHOH
OH
primary alcohols
secondary alcohol
Spot all three functional groups (5)
OHO
OH
tertiary alcohol
ketone
alkene
O
Spot all three functional groups (6)
HO
HO
arene
alkene
aldehyde
Spot all three functional groups (7)
OCH3
OOOCH3
ketone
arene
ether
Functional groups quiz: results
Maximum score = 18
How did you do?