l aLÑr e~

i zFkea Lokè; k; l ksi kue~i Bue~&l a: i e~

( i | e~)

vkj ksX; a i j ea l q[ ke~

fVIi . kh

38

3

vkjksX;a ijea lq[ke~

Hkorka xgs vusdkfu oLrwfu n';Urs ;Fkk xSlpqYy%] lhou;U=a] rkyda uye~ bfrA ,rs"kka lE;d~ pkyuk; rSyiznkue~ vfuok;± HkofrA ,rs"kka lfU/kLFkys"kq ;fnrSya u nh;rs rnk ,rkfu lE;d~ dk;± u dqoZfUr dqf.Brkfu p HkofUrA vLekda'kjhje~ vfi ,da ;U=e~ boA dkfynklsu lR;eqDre~& ^^'kjhjek|a [kyq /keZlk/kue~A**'kjhjL; bfUnz;kf.k& ukfldk] d.kZ%] Rod~] us=s] gLrkS iknkS p lqn<kfu Hkos;q% rnFk±rSyenZue~ vko';de~A uwua rSyenZusu LokLF;a o/kZrsA LokLF;e~ ,o ijea izFkealq[ke~A vk;qosZns rSyenZuL; egÙoa lqLi"Va orZrsA pjd% vk;qZosnL; loZJs"B% fo}ku~vHkor~A izLrqr% ikB% pjdlafgrk;k% ,o ladfyr%A

mís';kfu

bea ikBa ifBRok Hkoku~

rSykH;³õL; ykHkku~ ysf[krqa leFkZ% Hkfo";fr(

rSyenZuL; mip;Z;k vilkfjrkuka jksxkuka ukekfu ysf[k";fr(

okD;s"kq drZinS% lECk)fØ;kinkuka p;ua drq± 'k{;fr(

erqi~izR;;kUr'kCnkuka iz;ksxa drq± 'k{;fr(

Lo] fuR;a] u] ,o] p] mPpS% bfr vO;;inkuka okD;s"kq iz;ksxa dfj";fr(

;.k~&xq.k&iwoZ:ilfU/k;qDrkuka inkuka p;ua dfj";frA

39l aLÑr e~

vkj ksX; a i j ea l q[ ke~ i zFkea Lokè; k; l ksi kue~i Bue~&l a: i e~( i | e~)

fVIi . kh

fØ;kdyki%

v/k% ds"kkfkpr~ oLrwuka fp=kf.k rs"kka ukekfu p nÙkkfu lfUrA rs"kq ;RÑrs rSye~vko';da rRle{ke~ ^vke~*] ;RÑrs p rSye~ vuko';de~ rRle{ka ^uSo* fy[krA

;Fkk&

vke~@uSo vke@uSo

3-1 'kdV% ---------------------- 3-2 n.Mnhi% ----------------------

3-2 f}pfØdk ---------------------- 3-4 rkyd% ----------------------

3-5 jFk% ---------------------- 3-6 lax.kde~ ----------------------

3-7 ukSdk ---------------------- 3-8 dkj;kue~ ----------------------

3-9 uye~ ---------------------- 3-10 lhou;U=e~----------------------

l aLÑr e~

i zFkea Lokè; k; l ksi kue~i Bue~&l a: i e~

( i | e~)

vkj ksX; a i j ea l q[ ke~

fVIi . kh

40

3-1 ewyikB%

vkjksX;a ijea lq[ke~

v= Hkofö% Kkra ;r~& ,rs"kq dkfufpr~ ;U=kf.k rSya fouk dk;± u dqoZfUr ,oeso'kjhje~ vfi rSya fouk lE;d~ dk;± u djksfrA bnkuha o;e~ ^vk;qosZns rSyenZuL;egÙoa Kkrqa ewyikBa iBke%A

fuR;a LusgknzZf'kjl% f'kj% 'kwya u tk;rsAu [kkfyR;a u ikfyR;a u ds'kk% izirfUr pAA1AA

cya f'kj% dikykuka fo'ks"ks.kkfHko/kZrsAn<ewyk'p nh?kkZ'p d".kk% ds'kk% HkofUr pAA2AA

u pkL;a d.B'kks"k% L;kUukS"B;ks% LQqVukö;e~Au p nUrk% {k;a ;kfUr n<ewyk% HkofUr pAA3AA

bfUnz;kf.k izlhnfUr lqRoXHkofr pkuue~AfunzkykHk% lq[ka p L;kUewf?uZ rSyfu"kso.kkr~AA4AA

lqLi'kksZifprk³õ'p cyoku~ fiz;n'kZu%AHkoR;H;³õfuR;RokUujks·Yitj% ,o pAA5A

tk;rs lkSdqek;± p cya LFkS;± p ikn;ks%Anf"V% izlkna yHkrs e#r'pksi'kkE;frAA6AA

3-2 cks/kiz'uk%

1- mi;qDre~ mÙkja ¼½ fpg~uhdq#r&

¼d½ f'kjfl rSyenZusu ds'kk% u HkofUr&

¼i½ d".kk% ¼ii½ nh?kkZ%

¼iii½ 'osrk% ¼iv½ n<ewyk%

¼[k½ uj% vYitj% dsu Hkofr&

¼i½ vkS"k/khuka izHkkosu ¼ii½ funzkykHksu

¼iii½ Lukusu ¼iv½ rSykH;³~xsu

'kCnkFkkZ%fuR;a ¾ izfrfnuLusgknzZf'kjl% ¾ flj esa rsy Mkyus lsf'kj%'kwya ¾ fljnnZ[kkfyR;a ¾ xatkiuikfyR;a ¾ ckyksa dk lQsn gksukizirfUr ¾ fxjrs gSaf'kj% dikykuka ¾ flj dh gfM~M;ksadh] vfHko/kZrs ¾ c<+rk gSn<ewyk% ¾ etcwr tM+ksa okysd".kk ¾ dkys] d.B'kks"k% ¾ xyk lw[kukvks"B;ks% ¾ gksBksa dsLQqVUkkö;e~ ¾ QVus dk Mju {k;a ;kfUr ¾ u"V ugha gksrsizlhnfUr ¾ izlUu gksrh gSalqRod~ ¾ dkfUr;qDr RopkfunzkykHk% ¾ vPNh uhan vkukewf?uZ ¾ flj esa

lqLi'kksZifprk³õ% ¾ 'kjhj lqLi'khZ ¼uje]eqyk;e½ gks tkrk gSA

vH;³õ% ¾ rsyekfy'kvYitj% ¾ cq<+kik /khjs /khjs vkrk gSlkSdqek;±e~ ¾ dkseyrkizlkna yHkrs ¾ rst gks tkrh gSe#r% ¾ ok;q ls gksus okyk fodkjmi'kkE;fr ¾ 'kkUr gks tkrk gS

41l aLÑr e~

vkj ksX; a i j ea l q[ ke~ i zFkea Lokè; k; l ksi kue~i Bue~&l a: i e~( i | e~)

fVIi . kh

¼x½ ,rs"kka 'yksdkuka ys[kd% d%\

¼i½ dkfynkl% ¼ii½ pjd%

¼iii½ Hkkl% ¼iv½ lqJqr%

2- ^d* LrEHkL; 'yksdka'kkuka ^[k* LrEHkL; 'yksdka'kS% lg esyua dq#r&

^d* LrEHk% ^[k* LrEHk%

¼d½ fuR;a LusgknZzf'kjl% ¼i½ {k;a ;kfUrA

¼[k½ u p nUrk% ¼ii½ ewf/uZ rSyfu"kso.kkr~A

¼x½ funzkykHk% lq[ka p L;kr~ ¼iii½ f'kj% 'kwya u tk;rsA

?k½ nf"V% izlkna yHkrs ¼iv½ u ds'kk% izirfUr pA

¼³½ u [kkfyR;a u ikfyR;a ¼v½ e#r'pksi'kkE;frA

3- ikBa ifBRok fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r&

¼d½ --------------- f'kj% dikykuka fo'ks"ks.kkfHko/kZrsA

¼[k½ lqLi'kksZifprk³õ'p ----------------------------------- fiz;n'kZu%A

¼x½ n<ewyk'p nh?kkZ'p ------------------------------------- ds'kk% HkofUr pA

¼?k½ fuR;a LusgknzZf'kjl% --------------------------------- u tk;rsA

¼³½ tk;rs lkSdqek;± p cya ------------------------------------------ p ikn;ks%A

3-3 v/kquk voxPNke%

izFke% va'k%Hkon~fHk% n"Veso ;r~ ekrk Lof'k'kks% f'kj% izHkfrikni;ZUre~ fuR;a rSya enZ;frA fdeFkZe~\ 'kjhjL;iq"VkFkZe~A vke~] lR;esoA eYyk% vfi fuR;a rSyaenZ;fUrA vr% rSyenZusu vLekda 'kjhjL; vaxkfudFka LokLF;;qDrkfu HkofUr bfr v= o;e~cks/kke%A

'yksd%& 1

vLrq izFkea 'yksda iBke%A

fuR;a LusgknzZf'kjl%f'kj% 'kwya u tk;rsA

u [kkfyR;a u ikfyR;au ds'kk% izirfUr pAA1AA

3.11

l aLÑr e~

i zFkea Lokè; k; l ksi kue~i Bue~&l a: i e~

( i | e~)

vkj ksX; a i j ea l q[ ke~

fVIi . kh

42

inPNsn% fuR;e~ LusgknZzf'kjl% f'kj% 'kwye~ u tk;rsAu [kkfyR;e~ u ikfyR;e~] u ds'kk% izirfUr pA

vUo;% ;% fuR;a f'kjfl rSyenZue~ djksfr rL;LusgknZzf'kjl% f'kj% 'kwye~ u tk;rsA rL; u[kkfyR;e~ u ikfyR;e~] u p rL; ds'kk% izirfUrAbnkuha 'yksde~ voxPNke%A

O;k[;k&

f'kj% 'kwye~ bfr fde~\ f'kjfl ihMkA

dL; f'kj%'kwya u tk;rs\ Lusgsu rSysu vknz± f'kj% ;L; rL;A vFkkZr~ ;L; f'kj% fuR;arSysu efnZra Hkofr] rL; f'kj%ihM+k u tk;rsA

rSyknZzr;k p iqu% fda fda u Hkofr\

¼d½ [kkfyR;a] ds'kjkfgR;e~ ¼xatkiu bfr½ f'kj% ds'kjfgra u HkofrA

¼[k½ ikfyR;e~] ds'kkuka 'osro.ksZ ifjorZue~ vFkkZr~ ds'kk% 'osrk% u HkofUrA

¼x½ ds'kkuka irua p u HkofrA

Hkko%

;% euq";% f'kjfl rSykfHklspua fuR;a djksfr rL; f'kjfl ihMk u HkofrA rL; ds'kkukao.kZ% d".k% ,o orZrs] 'osr% u tk;rsA rL; ds'kkuka iruefi u tk;rsA vr% vLekfHk%fuR;a f'kjfl rSykH;³õ% dj.kh;%A

'yksd%& 2

v/kquk f}rh;a 'yksda iBke%

inPNsn% cye~ f'kj% dikykuke~ fo'ks"ks.k vfHko/kZrsA

n<ewyk% p nh?kkZ% p d".kk% ds'kk% HkofUrAA

vUo;% f'kjfl rSyenZusu f'kj%dikykuke~ fo'ks"ks.k cye~ vfHko/kZrsA ds'kk% n<ewyk%nh?kkZ% d".kk% p HkofUrA

O;k[;k&

f'kj%dikyk% ds\ f'kjl% vLFkhfuA

f'kjfl rSykH;³õsu fda o/kZrs\ f'kjl% vLFuka 'kfDr% uwua rSykH;³õsu o/kZrsA

cya f'kj% dikykuka fo'ks"ks.kkfHko/kZrsAn<ewyk'p nh?kkZ'p d".kk% ds'kk% HkofUr pAA2AA

3.12

43l aLÑr e~

vkj ksX; a i j ea l q[ ke~ i zFkea Lokè; k; l ksi kue~i Bue~&l a: i e~( i | e~)

fVIi . kh

ds n<ewyk% HkofUr\ ds'kk%A ds'kkuka ewykfu rSysu n<kfu HkofUrA

,oa fg rSykH;³õsu ds'kk% dhn'kk% HkofUr\ nh?kkZ% d".kk% ';keo.kkZ% n<ewyk'p HkofUrA

Hkko%

f'kjfl rSyiz;ksxs.k f'kjl% vLFuka 'kfDr% o/kZrs vFkkZr~ efLr"d% vf/kd% fØ;k'khy%HkofrA ds'kkuka ewykfu lqn<kfu HkofUrA rsu ds'kk% nh?kkZ% ';keo.kkZ% p tk;UrsA vr%f'kjfl rSyiz;ksx% vo';eso drZO;%A lqUnjS% ds'kS% ekuo% fpja 'kksHkrsA

'yksd%& 3

v/kquk r`rh;a i|a iBke%A cks/kke% p vU;s% YkkHkk% ds HkofUr rSykH;³õsuA

inPNsn% u p vL; d.B'kks"k% L;kr~ u vks"B;ks% LQqVukr~ Hk;e~A

u p nUrk% {k;e~ ;kfUrA n<ewyk% HkofUr pAA

vU;o% vL; ¼ujL;½ u p d.B'kks"k% L;kr~ u vks"B;ks% LQqVukr~ Hk;e~A ¼vL;½nUrk% p {k;e~ u ;kfUr n<ewyk% p HkofUrA

ujL; d.B% dsu u 'kq";fr\ rSykH;³õsuA

rSykH;³õsu dLekr~ Hk;a ukfLr\ vks"B;ks% LQqVukr~A

rSyenZusu ds {k;a ¼uk'ka½ u ;kfUr ¼xPNfUr½\ nUrk%A

vFkkZr! & nUrs"kq vks"B;ks% d.Bs p rSyenZua dj.kh;e~A

Hkko%

eq[ks rSyenZusu d.B% u ifj'kq";frA vks"B;ks% LQqVukr~ Hkhfr% u HkofrA rSyiz;ksxs.kp nUrkuka ewykfu n<kfu HkofUrA rs p ckY;dkys ,o u fou';fUrA vr% eq[ks nUrs"kqp l"kZirSykH;k³õ% fuR;eso dj.kh;%A nUrS% ekuoL; u dsoya 'kksHkk Hkofr vfi rqHkkstus rq rs"kkeqi;ksx% iz'kaluh;% ,oA

O;kdj.kfcUno%

o;e~ v= inkuka lfU/kfoPNsna] foxzga] fØ;kin&ifjp;a p cks/kke%A

lfU/kfoPNsnk%

LusgknzZ% ¾ Lusg $ vknzZ% ¾ v $ vk ¾ vk nh?kZlfU/k%

pkL; ¾ p $ vL; ¾ v $ v ¾ vk nh?kZlfU/k%

u pkL;a d.B'kks"k%L;kUukS"B;ks% LQqVukö;e~A

u p nUrk% {k;a ;kfUrn`<ewyk% HkofUr pAA3AA

l aLÑr e~

i zFkea Lokè; k; l ksi kue~i Bue~&l a: i e~

( i | e~)

vkj ksX; a i j ea l q[ ke~

fVIi . kh

44

fo'ks"ks.kkfHko/kZrs ¾ fo'ks"ks.k $ vfHko/kZrs ¾ v $ v ¾ vk

ukS"B;ks% ¾ u $ vks"B;ks% ¾ v $ vks ¾ vkS

[kkfyR;a u ¾ [kkfYkR;e~ $ u ¾ e~ $ ¼O;atue~½ ¾ vuqLokj% ¼&a&½

{k;a ;kfUr ¾ {k;e~ $ ;kfUr ¾ e~ $ O;atue~ ¾ vuqLokj%

n<ewyk'p ¾ n<ewyk% $ p ¾ % $ p ¾ 'p ¼% & 'k~½

nh?kZ'p ¾ nh?kZ% $ p

LQqVukö;e~ ¾ LQqVukr~ $ Hk;e~ ¾ r~ $ Hk ¾ n~Hk ¼r~ n~½

L;kPp ¾ L;kr~ $ p ¾ r~ $ p ¾ Pp ¼r~ p~½

¼poxZ;ksxs roxZ% rq poxZ% tk;rs½

leklk%

leLrinkfu foxzg% lekluke

f'kj% 'kwye~ f'kjfl 'kwye~ lIrehrRiq#"k%

f'kj% dikykuke~ f'kjl% dikykuke~ "k"BhrRiq#"k%

d.B'kks"k% d.BL; 'kks"k% "k"BhrRiq#"k%

LusgknZzf'kjl% Lusgsu vknz± f'kj% ;L; l% rL; cgqozhfg%

n<ewyk% n<a ewya ;s"kka rs cgqozhfg%

fØ;kinkfu%

ine~ /kkrq% ydkj% iq#"k% opue~

tk;rs tu~ yV~~ izFke% ,dopue~

vfHko/kZrs vfHk $ o/k~ yV~~ izFke% ,dopue~

izirfUr iz $ ir~ yV~~ izFke% cgqopue~

HkofUr Hkw yV~~ izFke% cgqopue~

;kfUr ;k yV~~ izFke% cgqopue~

L;kr~ vl~ fof/kfy³~ izFke% ,dopue~

lkj%

fuR;a rSyenZusu f'kjksosnuk u tk;rsA ds'kk% d".kk% HkofUrA ds'kkuka ewykfu n<kfuHkofUrA rSyenZusu d.B% u 'kq";fr] vks"B;ks% LQqVukn~ Hk;a nwjhHkofr] nUrk% pn<ewyk% HkofUrA

45l aLÑr e~

vkj ksX; a i j ea l q[ ke~ i zFkea Lokè; k; l ksi kue~i Bue~&l a: i e~( i | e~)

fVIi . kh

fuR; flj ij rsy yxkus ls fljnnZ ugha gksrk vkSj u gh cky lQsn gksrs gSaA fljdh gfM~M;ksa dh 'kfDr c<+rh gSA ckyksa dh tM+sa etcwr gksrh gSaA blh rjg eq¡g esarsy dk dqYyk djus ls O;fDr dk xyk ugha lw[krk] gksaB ugha QVrs vkSj nakr ughaVwVrsA

ikBxriz'uk% 3-11- v/kksfyf[krinkuka lfU/kfoPNsna dRok fy[kr&

¼d½ LusgknzZ% ¾ ---------------------- $ --------------------------

¼[k½ {k;a ;kfUr ¾ ---------------------- $ --------------------------

¼x½ nh?kZ'p ¾ ---------------------- $ --------------------------

¼?k½ L;kPp ¾ ---------------------- $ --------------------------

¼³½ LQqVukö;e~ ¾ ---------------------- $ --------------------------

2- v/kksfyf[krkuka fØ;kinkuke~ vFkSZ% lg esyua fØ;rke~

fØ;kinkfu vFkkZ%

¼d½ tk;rs ¼i½ of)e~ vkIuksfr

¼[k½ vfHko/kZrs ¼ii½ irfUr

¼x½ izirfUr ¼iii½ xPNfUr

¼?k½ ;kfUr ¼iv½ Hkw;kr~

¼³½ L;kr~ ¼v½ mRi|rs

3- js[kkfp=s LusgknZzf'kjl% v"Vxq.kku~ v/k% iqu% fjDrLFkys"kq i|s iznÙk Øes.k fy[kr&

ds'kk% d".kk% HkofUr

f'kj% 'kwya u tk;rs ds'kk% nh?kkZ% HkofUrA

[kkfyR;a u HkofrA f'kj% dikykuka cya o/kZrsA

ikfyR;a u Hkofr ds'kk% n<ewyk% HkofUrA

ds'kk% u irfUr

l aLÑr e~

i zFkea Lokè; k; l ksi kue~i Bue~&l a: i e~

( i | e~)

vkj ksX; a i j ea l q[ ke~

fVIi . kh

46

(i) ------------------------------------------------- (v) -------------------------------------------------

(ii) ------------------------------------------------- (vi) -------------------------------------------------

(iii) ------------------------------------------------- (vii) -------------------------------------------------

(iv) ------------------------------------------------ (viii) -------------------------------------------------

4- js[kkfÄïrkfu inkfu vk/kR; mnkgj.kkuqlkja iz'ufuekZ.ka dq#r&

mnkgj.ke~&ds'kk% u izirfUr

iz'u%& ds u izirfUr\

¼d½ f'kjl% dikykuka cya rSyenZusu vfHko/kZrsA

¼[k½ ds'kk% nh?kkZ% HkofUrA

¼x½ nUrk% {k;a u ;kfUrA

¼?k½ LusgknZzL; f'kjl% 'kwya u tk;rsA

f}rh;% va'k%

bnkuhe~ iqu% rSykH;³õL; vU;s"kka ykHkkuka fo"k;s f}rh;e~ va'ka cks/kke%A

'yksd%& 4

inPNsn% bfUnz;kf.k izlhnfUr lqRod~ Hkofr p vkuue~AfunzkykHk% lq[ke~ p L;kr~ ewf/uZ rSyfu"kso.kkr~A

vUo;% ewf/uZ rSyfu"kso.kkr~ bfUnz;kf.k izlhnfUr vkuue~ p lqRod~ Hkofr lq[ke~funzkykHk% p L;kr~A

O;k[;k&

vLrq] vL; i|L; HkkokFk± foLrjs.k cks/kke%A fdaHkoUr% tkufUr&

rSyfu"kso.kkr ~ bfUn z;kf.k dhn`'kkfu HkofUr\rSyfu"kso.kkr~ bfUnz;kf.k izLkUukfu lfØ;kf.k n<kfup HkofUrA

vkuua dhn`'ka Hkofr\ vkuuL; Rod~ dkseyadkfUr;qDra p HkofrA

f'kjfl rSyenZusu vU; d% ykHk%\ funzk;k% izkfIr% HkofrA lq[ke~ vFkkZr~ ljyr;k'kh?kzr;k ,o funzk vk;kfrA

Hkko%

f'kjfl rSykH;³õsu bfUnz;kf.k izlUukfu lfØ;kf.k p HkofUrA vkuuL; dkfUr% o/kZrsAdf=e&midj.kkuka p vko';drk ,o u HkofrA lq[kiwoZda funzk HkofrA

bfUnz;kf.k izlhnfUr lqRoXHkofr pkuue~AfunzkykHk% lq[ka p L;kUk ewf?uZ rSyfu"kso.kkr~AA4AA

3.13

47l aLÑr e~

vkj ksX; a i j ea l q[ ke~ i zFkea Lokè; k; l ksi kue~i Bue~&l a: i e~( i | e~)

fVIi . kh

v/kquk o;a ikpea 'yksda iBke% rSyenZuL; vU;ku~ ykHkku~ p cks/kke%A

'yksd%& 5

inPNsn% lqLi'kksZifprk³õ% ¼lqLi'kZ $ mifpr $ v³õ%½ p cyoku~ fiz;n'kZu%AHkofr vH;³õfuR;Rokr~ uj% vYitj% ,o pA

vUo;% vH;³õfuR;Rokr~ uj% lqLi'kksZifprk³õ% cyoku~ fiz;n'kZu% vYitj% ,o pHkofrA

^lqLi'kksZifprk³õ%* inL; dks·FkZ%\ ¼lqLi'kZ $ mifprk³õ%½ lq[ksu Li';kfu ¾ dkseykfumifprkfu ¾ n<kfu v³õkfu ;L; l%A

lqLi'kksZifprk³õ% d% Hkofr\ ;% fuR;a rSykH;³õa djksfrA fuR;a rSyenZusu v³õkfudkseykfu HkofUrA Rod~ p lqLi'kZ;ksX;k HkofrA l% uj% cyoku~ dkfUreku~ p HkofrA

^fiz;n'kZu%* inL; dks·FkZ%\ ^fiz;a n'kZua ;L; l%* vFkkZr~ lqUnj%

^vYitj%* inL; dks·fHkizk;%\ vYik tjk ;L; l% vFkkZr~ vYio)% ¾ vFkkZr~ ;% uj%fuR;a rSyenZua djksfrA l% lqUnj%A n'kZuh;% Hkofr] l% 'kh?kza o)% u Hkofr] fpja ;qokHkofr bfrA

Hkko%

;% uj% izfrfnua rSykH;³aõ djksfr rL; 'kjhja dkseya iq"Va p HkofrA l% cyoku~lqUnj'kjhj% p tk;rsA l% foyEcsu ,o o)% HkofrA

v/kquk ,de~ vU;a 'yksda iBke% ;fLeu~ ikn;ks% rSyenZuL; ykHkk% of.kZrk%A

'yksd%& 6

inPNsn% tk;rs lkSdqek;Ze~ p cye~ LFkS;Ze~ p ikn;ks%Anf"V% izlkne~ yHkrs e#r% p mi'kkE;frA

vUo;% ikn;ks% ¼rSykH;³õkr~½ lkSdqek;Ze~ cye~ LFkS;Ze~ p tk;rsA nf"V% izlkne~ yHkrse#r% p mi'kkE;frA

O;k[;k&

ikn;ks% rSykH;³õkr~ fda Hkofr\ ikn;ks% lkSdqek;± dkseyrk HkofrA cya 'kfDr% LFkS;±fLFkjrk p HkofrA ;Fkk o{kewys tylspusu lexz% o{k% i='kk[kkfnfHk% lg Åtk± yHkrsrFkSo iknewys rSyiz;ksxsu losZ Luk;o% iks"k.ka izkIuqofUrA

vU;% dks ykHk%\ ikn;ks% rSyfu"kso.kkr~ nf"V% vfi fuEkZyk izlUuk HkofrA ok;qtfur&jksxk% vfi mi'kkE;fUr 'kkUrk% HkofUrA

lqLi'kksZifprk³õ'p cyoku~fiz;n'kZu%A

HkoR;H;³õfuR;RokUujks·Yitj%,o pAA5A

tk;rs lkSdqek;± u cyaLFkS;± p ikn;ks%A

n`f"V% izlkna yHkrse#r'pksi'kkE;frAA6AA

l aLÑr e~

i zFkea Lokè; k; l ksi kue~i Bue~&l a: i e~

( i | e~)

vkj ksX; a i j ea l q[ ke~

fVIi . kh

48

Hkko%

ikn;ks% rSyenZusu iknkS dkseykS cy;qDrkS n<kS p Hkor%A us=T;ksfr% o/kZrsA okrfodkjk.kkap mi'ke% ¼uk'k%½ tk;rsA vr% rSyenZua rq fuR;a dq;kZr~A

O;kdj.kfcUno%

v= o;a ikBxrfofo/kO;kdj.kfcUnwu~ ¼lfU/kfoPNsnleklerqi~izR;;knhu~½ cks/kke%A

lfU/kPNsn%

pkuue~ ¾ p $ vkuue~ ¾ v $ vk ¾ vk nh?kZlfU/k%

lqLi'kksZifprk³õ% ¾ lqLi'kZ $ mifprk³õ% ¾ v $ m ¾ vks xq.klafU/k%

HkoR;H;³õ% ¾ Hkofr $ vH;³õ% ¾ b $ v ¾ ;~ ;.klfU/k%

lqRoXHkofr ¾ lqRod~ $ Hkofr ¾ d~ $ Hk ¾ XHk t'Roe~

L;kUewf/uZ ¾ L;kr~ $ ewf/uZ ¾ r~ $ e ¾ Ue r~ & e~

fuR;RokUuj% ¾ fuR;Rokr~ $ uj% ¾ r~ $ u ¾ Uu r~ & u~

ujks·Yitj% ¾ uj% $ vYitj% ¾ v% $ v ¾ ks · iwoZ:ie~

e#r'p ¾ e#r% $ p ¾ % $ p ¾ 'p folxZlfU/k%

1- ;.k~lfU/k%& ;.k~ ¾ ;~ o~ j~ y~ ,rs pRokj% o.kkZ% ;.k~ dF;UrsA

iwoZ o.kZ mÙkj o.kZ ;.k~ mnkgj.ke~

1- b@bZ $ vlekuLoj% ¾ ;~ ¼i½ izfr $ ,de~ ¾ izR;sde~

¼ii½ Hkofr $ vH;³õfuR;Rokr~¾ HkoR;H;³õfu R;Rokr~

¼iii½ ;fn $ vfi  ¾ ;|fi

2- m@Å $ vlekuLoj% ¾ o~ ¼i½ lq $ vkxre~ ¾ Lokxre~

¼ii½ e/kq $ vfj% ¾ e/ofj%

3- _@_$ vlekuLoj% ¾ j~ ¼i½ fir $ vkKk ¾ fi=kKk

¼ii½ /kkr $ va'k% ¾ /kk=a'k%

4- y` $ vlekuLoj% ¾ y~ y $ vkÑfr% ¾ ykÑfr%

2- xq.klfU/k%& v ¼vj~ vy~½ ,] vks

v@vk $ b@bZ ¾ ^,* HkofrA

mnkgj.k%& ¼i½ nso $ bUnz% ¾ nsosUnz%

¼ii½ egk $ bZ'k% ¾ egs'k%

49l aLÑr e~

vkj ksX; a i j ea l q[ ke~ i zFkea Lokè; k; l ksi kue~i Bue~&l a: i e~( i | e~)

fVIi . kh

v@vk $ m@Å ¾ vks

mnkgj.k%& ¼i½ lw;Z $ mn;% ¾ lw;ksZn;%

¼ii½ egk $ ÅfeZ% ¾ egksfeZ%

v@vk $ _@_ ¾ vj~

mnkgj.k%& ¼i½ nso $ _f"k% ¾ nsof"kZ%

¼ii½ egk $ _f"k% ¾ egf"kZ%

v@vk $ y ¾ vy~

mnkgj.k%& ro $ ydkj% ¾ roYdkj%

3- iwoZ:ilfU/k%&

;fn inkUrs ,@vks o.kZ% Hkosr~ i'pkr~ ^v* gzLo vdkj% Hkosr~ rfgZ iwoZ&ij;ks%LFkkus , $ Å ¾ ^,*] vks $ Å ¾ vks bfr iwoZ:i% ,dkns'k% HkofrA vdkjLFkkusp ^·* fpàe~ iz;qT;rsA

mnkgj.k% vUrs $ vfi ¾ vUrs·fi

izHkks $ v= ¾ izHkks·=

lEkLrinkuka foxzg%

leLrinkfu foxzg% lekluke

funzkykHk% funzk;k% ykHk% "k"BhrRiq#"k%

rSyfu"kso.kkr~ rSyL; fu"kso.kkr~ "k"BhrRiq#"k%

fiz;n'kZu% fiz;a n'kZua ;L; l% cgqozhfg%

vYitj% vYik tjk ;L; l% cgqozhfg%

lqLi'kksZifprk³õ% lqLi'kkZfu mifprkfu v³õkfu ;L; l% cgqozhfg%

izR;;iz;ksx%

cyoku~ cy $ erqi~ izR;;% iq0 izFkekfoHkfDr % ,dopue~

erqi~ izR;;%

fgUnhHkk"kk;ka ^okyk* bfr vFksZ erqi~ izR;;% iz;qT;rsA ^erqi~* bfr izR;;L; ^er~* bfr'ks"k% HkofrA ;fn 'kCnL; vUrs v@vk Hkofr rfgZ er~ bfr LFkkus ^or~* Hkofr&

cy $ erqi~ ¾ cyor~A cyor~ inL; :ikf.k iqfYy³õs L=hfy³õs uiqaldfy³õs pnzOVO;kfu&

l aLÑr e~

i zFkea Lokè; k; l ksi kue~i Bue~&l a: i e~

( i | e~)

vkj ksX; a i j ea l q[ ke~

fVIi . kh

50

iq- L=h- uiqa-

cy $ erqi~ ¾ cyor~ cyoku~ cyorh cyor~

/ku $ erqi~ ¾ /kuor~ /kuoku~ /kuorh /kuor~

Jh $ erqi~ ¾ Jher~ Jheku~ Jherh Jher~

guq $ erqi~ ¾ guqer~ guqeku~ guqerh guqer~

fØ;kinkfu

izlhnfUr iz $ ln~ ¾ izlhn~ /kkrq% yV~ydkj% izFkeiq#"k% cgqopue~

L;kr~ vl~ /kkrq% fof/kfy³~ izFkeiq#"k% ,dopue~

mi'kkE;fr mi $ 'ke~ yV~ydkj% izFkeiq#"k% ,dopue~

tk;rs tu~ ¼vkReusin½ yV~ydkj% izFkeiq#"k% ,dopue~

yHkrs yHk~ ¼vkReusin½ yV~ydkj% izFkeiq#"k% ,dopue~

lkj%

f'kjfl rSyfu"kso.kkr~ bfUnz;kf.k izlUukfu HkofUrA funzk ljyr;k vk;kfrA fuR;e~vH;³õkr~ uj% cyoku~ fiz;n'kZu% p HkofrA ikn;ks% rSyenZusu iknkS n<kS Hkor%] nf"V%rhozk tk;rs] ok;qtfur% jksx% p u HkofrA

flj ij fuR; rsy dh ekfy'k djus ls bfUnz;k¡ izlUu gksrh gSaA pSu dh uhan vkrhgSA izfrfnu rsyekfy'k ls euq"; cyoku~ vkSj lqUnj gksrk gSA iSjksa esa rsy eyus lsVkaxsa etcwr gksrh gSaA us=T;ksfr c<+rh gS rFkk ok;qtfur jksx ugha gksrsA

ikBxriz'uk% 3-21- v/kksfyf[krs"kq vUo;s"kq fjDrLFkkuiwfrZ% fØ;rke~&

¼d½ vH;³õfuR;Rokr~ ¼i½ --------------------------- lqLi'kksZifprk³õ% ¼ii½ --------------------- fiz;n'kZu%¼iii½ ----------------- ,o ¼iv½ ------------------------ HkofrA

¼[k½ ikn;ks% ¼rSykH;³õkr~½ ¼i½ -------------------------- cye~ ¼ii½ ------------------- p tk;rsA ¼iii½

---------------------- izlkna yHkrs ¼iv½ ------------------------ p mi'kkE;frA

51l aLÑr e~

vkj ksX; a i j ea l q[ ke~ i zFkea Lokè; k; l ksi kue~i Bue~&l a: i e~( i | e~)

fVIi . kh

2- mi;qDre~ mÙkja fpRok fjDrLFkkus"kq fy[kr&

¼d½ ------------------ izlkna YkHkrsA ¼HkfDr%@eqfDr%@nf"V%½

¼[k½ ikn;ks% rSykH;³õkr~ ---------------------------- mi'kkE;frA ¼cye~@e#r%@LFkS;Ze~½

¼x½ ewf/uZrSyfu"kso.kkr~ ------------------------- L;kr~A ¼funzkykHk%@fo|kykHk%@/kuykHk%½

¼?k½ vH;³õfuR;Rokr~ uj% ----------------------- L;kr~A ¼d'kdk;%@LFkwy%@cyoku~½

3- leLrinkfu jp;r&

¼d½ funzk;k% ykHk% -----------------------------------------

¼[k½ fiz;a n'kZua ;L; l% -----------------------------------------

¼x½ vYik tjk ;L; l% -----------------------------------------

¼?k½ rSyL; fu"ksOk.kkr~ -----------------------------------------

3-4 fde~ vf/kxre~ rSykH;³õsu 'kjhjk³õkfu n<kfu HkofUrA vr% rSyenZua fuR;a drZO;e~A

f'kjfl rSyfu"kso.kkr~ f'kj% 'kwYke~ u tk;rsA ds'kk% p n<ewyk% HkofUrA

ikn;ks% rSyenZusu lkSdqek;±] cya LFkS;± p tk;rsA

rSykH;³õsu vks"B;ks% LQqVua u Hkofr nUrk'p n<ewyk% HkofUrA

^erqi~* ¼er~½ rf)rizR;;% vfLrA ^vfLr vL;* bfr foxzgs ^erqi~* HkofrA

3-5 ;ksX;rkfoLrkj%

¼d½ dfoifjp;%

pjd% vk;qosZL; izkphufo}Rlq pjd% vU;re% vfLrA l% jkK% dfu"dL; 'kklusjktoS|:is.k mf"kroku~A ewyr% rq v;a xkU/kkjoklh vklhr~A vL; dky% bZlkiwo±izFke'krkCnh bfr eU;rsA pjdL; ;'k% Hkkjrkr~ cfg% vfi izlre~A dfojktpjdL;fo"k;s lR;eqDre~ & ^pjdLrq fpfdRlrsA*

xzUFkifjp;%

pjdlafgrk pjdL; vk;qos Znh;% xzUFk% vfLrA v;a loZizFke% loZJs"B% pdk;fpfdRlk;k% xzUFk% orZrsA lglzo"ksZH;% vk;qfoZKkuL; ewya lzksr% pjdlafgrk ,o

l aLÑr e~

i zFkea Lokè; k; l ksi kue~i Bue~&l a: i e~

( i | e~)

vkj ksX; a i j ea l q[ ke~

fVIi . kh

52

vfLrA v;a xzUFk% v"VHkkxs"kq f=a'kr~Lkq v/;k;s"kq p foHkä%A xzUFks x|L; i|L; pmHk;ks% iz;ksx% dr%A vk;qosZn{ks=s rq v;a xzUFk% bZn'k% yksdfiz;% tkr% ;r~ v"VH;ka'krkCn~;ke~ ,o vL; vuqokn% vjchHkk"kk;ka tkr%A QkjlhHkk"kk;ke~ vfi vuqokn%miyH;rsA ikBs·fLeu~ izLrqr% va'k% lw=LFkkUkL; iape&v/;k;kr~ ladfyr%A

HkkofoLrkj%

rSyenZue~& u d.kZjksxk% okrksRFkk% ueU;kguqlaxzg%AuksPpS% JqfruZ ckf/k;± L;kfUuR;a d.kZriZ.kkr~AA

iknkH;³õ%& [kjRoa LrC/krk jkS{;a Je% lqfIr'p ikn;ks%Al| ,oksi'kkE;fUr iknkH;³õfu"kso.kkr~AAu p L;kn~ x/kzlhokr% ikn;ks% LQqVua u pAu f'kjkLuk;qladksp% iknkH;³õsu ikn;ks%A

¼[k½ Hkk"kk foLrkj%

/kkrq:ikf.k

yHk~&yV~ ydkj% ¼vkReusins½

,dopue~ f}opue~ cgqopue~

izFke% iq#"k% yHkrs yHksrs yHkUrs

e/;e% iq#"k% yHkls yHksFks yHk/os

mÙke% iq#"k% yHks YkHkkogs yHkkegs

vl~ ¾ yV~ ydkj% ¼ijLEkSins½

,dopue~ f}opue~ cgqopue~

izFke% iq#"k% vfLr Lr% lfUr

e/;e% iq#"k% vfl LFk% LFk

mÙke% iq#"k% vfLe Lo% Le%

vl~ ¾ fof/kfy³~ ydkj%

,dopue~ f}opue~ cgqopue~

izFke% iq#"k% L;kr~ L;krke~ L;q%

e/;e% iq#"k% L;k% L;kre~ L;kr

mÙke% iq#"k% L;ke~ L;ko L;ke

53l aLÑr e~

vkj ksX; a i j ea l q[ ke~ i zFkea Lokè; k; l ksi kue~i Bue~&l a: i e~( i | e~)

fVIi . kh

vl~ ¾ y`V~ ydkj%

,dopue~ f}opue~ cgqopue~

izFke% iq#"k% Hkfo";fr Hkfo";r% Hkfo";fUr

e/;e% iq#"k% Hkfo";fl Hkfo";Fk% Hkfo";Fk

mÙke% iq#"k% Hkfo";kfe Hkfo";ko% Hkfo";ke%

vl~ ¾ yksV~ ydkj%

,dopue~ f}opue~ cgqopue~

izFke% iq#"k% vLrq Lrke~ lUrq

e/;e% iq#"k% ,f/k Lre~ Lr

mÙke% iq#"k% vlkfu vlko vlke

vl~ ¾ y³~ ydkj%

,dopue~ f}opue~ cgqopue~

izFke% iq#"k% vklhr~ vkLrke~ vklu~

e/;e% iq#"k% vklh% vkLre~ vkLr

mÙke% iq#"k% vkle~ vkLo vkLe

'kCnkuka :ikf.k

gyUruiqaldfy³õe~ ¼ldkjkUr½

ewy'kCn% foHkfDr% ,dopue~ f}opue~ cgqopue~

f'kjl~ izFkek f'kj% f'kjlh f'kjkafl

eul~ f}rh;k eu% eulh eukafl

uHkl~ r`rh;k uHklk uHkksH;ke~ uHkksfHk%

ril~ prqFkhZ rils riksH;ke~ riksH;%

;'kl~ iapeh ;'kl% ;'kksH;ke~ ;'kksH;%

rstl~ "k"Bh rstl% rstlks% rstlke~

f'kjl~ lIreh f'kjfl f'kjlks% f'kjLlq

f'kjl~ lEcks/ku gs f'kj%! gs f'kjlh! gs f'kjkafl!

l aLÑr e~

i zFkea Lokè; k; l ksi kue~i Bue~&l a: i e~

( i | e~)

vkj ksX; a i j ea l q[ ke~

fVIi . kh

54

udkjkUriqfYyax'kCnkuka :ikf.k

ewy'kCn% foHkfDr% ,dopue~ f}opue~ cgqopue~

ew/kZu~ izFkek ew/kkZ ew/kkZukS ew/kkZu%

ew/kZu~ f}rh;k ew/kkZue~ ew/kkZukS ew/uZ%

efgeu~ r`rh;k efgEuk efgeH;ke~ efgefHk%

yf/keu~ prqFkhZ yf?kEus yf?keH;ke~ yf?keH;%

xfjeu~ iapeh xfjEu% xfjeH;ke~ xfjeH;%

v'oRFkkeu~ "k"Bh v'oRFkkEu% v'oRFkkEuks% v'oRFkkEuke~

ew/kZu~ lIreh ewf/uZ ew/uksZ% ew/kZlq

ew/kZu~ lEcks/ku gs ew/kZu~! gs ew/kkZukS! gs ew/kkZu%!

vuq:i'kCnk% efgeu~] yf?keu~] xfjeu~] v'oRFkkeu~A

3-6 ikBkURkiz'uk%1- fØ;kinkfu fpuqr&

¼d½ rSyiz;ksxsu ikn;ks% cya tk;rsA ---------------------------------------

¼[k½ nf"V% izlkna yHkrsA ------------------------------------

¼x½ Hkofr vH;³õfuR;Rokr~ uj% vYitj%A ------------------------------

¼?k½ ewf/uZ rSyfu"kso.kkr~ funzkYkkHk% L;kr~A ---------------------------------

¼³½ e#r'pksi'kkE;frA -----------------------------

2- ektw"kk;ka nÙkkuka 'kCnkuka lgk;r;k rSykH;³õL; ykHkku~ "kM~okD;s"kq o.kZ;r&

f'kjfl] ds'kk%] ewf/uZ] bfUnz;kf.k] lqRod~] vkuue~] uj%] cyoku~] ikn;ks%] LFkS;±]nf"V%] izlkne~] f'kj%'kwya] izlhnfUr] tk;rs] vH;³õsu] funzk] d".kk%] HkofUrA

3- v/kksfyf[krs"kq fjDrLFkkus"kq dks"Bdkr~ fpRok vO;;inkfu fy[kr&

¼u] p] fuR;a] ,o] mPpS%½

¼d½ o) -------------------------- Ük.kksfrA

¼[k½ --------------------- rSykH;³õkr~ uj% vYitj% HkofrA

¼x½ f'kjfl rSyfu"kso.kkr~ ds'kk% d".kk% nh?kkZ% ----------------------- HkofUrA

¼?k½ bZ'oj% --------------------- vLekda ekrk] firk] cU/kq% l[kk p vfLrA

55l aLÑr e~

vkj ksX; a i j ea l q[ ke~ i zFkea Lokè; k; l ksi kue~i Bue~&l a: i e~( i | e~)

fVIi . kh

4- lfU/ka@lfU/kPNsna ok dq#r&

¼d½ Hkofr $ vH;³õ% -----------------------------¼[k½ n<ewyk% $ p --------------------------

¼x½ p $ mi'kkE;fr --------------------------------

¼?k½ --------------- $ ---------------------- LusgknzZ%

¼³½ --------------- $ ---------------------- pkL;

¼p½ --------------- $ ---------------------- ujks·Yitj%

5- leLrinkuka foxzga ÑRok lekluke vfi fy[kr&

¼d½ Lusgknzf'kjl% ¼[k½ fiz;n'kZu% ¼x½ lqLi'kksZifprk³õ% ¼?k½ d.B'kks"k%

6- iznÙk&izÑfr&izR;;;ksxsu okD;iwfr± dq#r&

¼d½ ¼cy $ erqi~½ ------------------ uj% 'kksHkrsA

¼[k½ lk ukjh ¼:i $ erqi~½ ---------------- vfLrA

¼x½ ¼nku $ erqi~½ ------------------ y{eh% /kU;kA

¼?k½ v= v;a ¼Jh $ erqi~½ ------------------- d% vkxr%\

3-7 mÙkjkf.k

cks/kiz'uk%

1- ¼d½ iii] ¼[k½ iv] ¼x½ ii]

2- ¼d½ iii] ¼[k½ i] ¼x½ ii] ¼?k½ v] ¼³½ iv

3- ¼d½ cya] ¼[k½ cyoku~] ¼x½ d".kk] ¼?k½ f'kj%'kwya] ¼³½ LFkS;±AikBxriz'uk%

3-1 1- ¼d½ Lusg $ vknzZ%] ¼[k½ {k;e~ $ ;kfUr] ¼x½ nh?kZ% $ p]

¼?k½ L;kr~ $ p ¼³½ LQqVukr~ $ Hk;e~

2- ¼d½ v] ¼[k½ i] ¼x½ ii] ¼?k½ iii] ¼³½ iv]

3- ¼i½ f'kj% 'kwya u tk;rs ¼v½ f'kj% dikykuka cya c/kZrsA

¼ii½ [kkfyR;a u HkofrA ¼vi½ ds'kk% n<ewyk% HkofUrA

¼iii½ ikfyR;a u HkofrA ¼vii½ ds'kk% nh?kkZ% HkofUrA

¼iv½ ds'kk% u izirfUr ¼viii½ ds'kk% Ñ".kk% HkofUrA

4- ¼d½ f'kjl% dikykuka cya dsu vfHko/kZrs\

¼[k½ ds'kk% dhn'kk% HkofUr\

l aLÑr e~

i zFkea Lokè; k; l ksi kue~i Bue~&l a: i e~

( i | e~)

vkj ksX; a i j ea l q[ ke~

fVIi . kh

56

¼x½ ds {k;a u ;kfUr\

¼?k½ LusgknzZL; f'kjl% fda u tk;rs\3-2 1- ¼d½ i. uj%] ii- cyoku~] iii- vYitj% iv- p

¼[k½ i. lkSdqek;±] ii. LFkS;±] iii. nf"V% iv. e#r%

2- ¼d½ nf"V%] ¼[k½ e#r%] ¼x½ funzkykHk%] ¼?k½ cyoku~

3- ¼d½ funzkykHk%] ¼[k½ fiz;n'kZu%] ¼x½ vYitj% ¼?k½ rSyfu"kso.kkr~3-6 ikBkUriz'uk%1- ¼d½ tk;rs] ¼[k½ yHkrs] ¼x½ Hkofr] ¼?k½ L;kr~] ¼³½ mi'kkE;fr2- ¼i½ f'kjfl rSykH;³õsu f'kj%'kwya u tk;rsA

¼ii½ ds'kk% n`<ewyk%] nh?kkZ% d".kk% p HkofUrA¼iii½- ewf/uZ rSyfu"kso.kkr~ bfUnz;kf.k izlhnfUr] vkuua lqRod~ Hkofr funzk pljyr;k vkxPNfrA¼iv½ fuR;e~ vH;³õsu uj% cyoku~ HkofrA¼v½ vH;³õsu ikn;ks% cya o/kZrsA¼ vi½- vusu nf"V% izlkna yHkrsA

3- ¼d½ mPpS%] ¼[k½ fuR;a] ¼x½ p] ¼?k½ ,o4- ¼d½ HkoR;H;³õ% ¼[k½ n<ewyk'p ¼x½ pksi'kkE;fr ¼?k½ Lusg $ vknzZ%

¼³½ p $ vL; ¼p½ uj% $ vYitj%A5- ¼d½ Lusgsu vknz± f'kj% ;L; l% ¼cgqozhfg%½

¼[k½ fiz;a n'kZua ;L; l% ¼cgqozhfg%½¼x½ lq[ksu Li';kfu mifprkfu v³õkfu ;L; l% ¼cgqozhfg%½¼?k½ d.BL; 'kks"k% ¼"k"Bh r-½

6- ¼d½ cyoku~ ¼[k½ :iorh ¼x½ nkuorh ¼?k½ Jheku~