Gastro Terminado

8/9/2019 Gastro Terminado

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DIGESTIVE APPARATUS

Matter and energy we need we get from food. In cells only can can get smallmolecules (monomers), very rare in nature, Where did that abound are largemolecules (polymers). Therefore we must transform supplying monomers to

polymers in these cells. This is done by the digestive enzymes, which aremolecules (proteins) very specic. The digestive tract is the responsible fortransforming food into simple molecules (monomers). It does through a processthat happens step by step in its di!erent parts" mouth, pharyn#, esophagus,stomach, small intestine (duodenum, $e$unum and ileum), large intestine(cecum, colon ascending, transverse colon, descending and right) colon andanus. %i!erent enzymes, secreted by the gut wall or by specialized glands (se#glands) completely brea& down food, leaving it ready to be distributed to cells

The digestive system is really a tube. The food during his tour of the it issub$ected to a series of actions that are transformed. These actions are of twotypes" a mechanical (the food fragments, &neaded, mi#ing, etc.) and other

chemicals (certain substances, digestive enzymes attac& the decomposingfood, other chemicals help the action of enzymes). Therefore, in addition to acharge attached gut glands secrete e#ist Many of these substances (othersecrete tube walls themselves). %igestive function is the transformation of comple# molecules food in simple and easily usable by the body substances.

These simple nutritional compounds are absorbed by the intestinal villi, whichlining the small intestine. Thus, enter the blood and feed every one of bodycells 'rom the mouth to the anus, the digestive tube is about seven meterslong. In mouth and starts proper digestion. Teeth crush the food and secretionsfrom the salivary glands of wet and begin their chemical brea&down. Then inswallowing, the bolus passes the pharyn#, the esophagus continues andreaches the stomach, a muscular bag liter medium capacity, whose secretmucosa the potent gastric $uice in the stomach, food is stirred into a mushcalled chyme. n leaving the stomach, the digestive tract e#tends to the smallintestine, about seven meters long, although very retracted about himself. Inthe rst portion or duodenum receives secretions from glands intestine, bileand pancreatic $uices. These secretions contain a large degrading enzymesamount food and transformed into simple soluble substances. The digestivetract continues through the large intestine, of $ust over ve feet length. isnal portion is the rectum, which ends at the anus, where are evacuated toremains outside the indigestible food.

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The gastrointestinal tract is formed by" oral cavity, pharyn#, esophagus,stomach, intestines

which is divided into small duodenum, $e$unum, ileum. The large intestine.which comprises

of" blind, appendi#, colon and rectum.



The attached glands"

The liver (with the gallbladder and pancreas) are part of the digestive system,although no gut.

Oral cavity"

The mouth is the point of entry of food into the body. In it are di!erentstructures that prepare"

T--T

Teeth that fragment, glands that secrete saliva and tongue that moves andmi#. To properly fragment the di!erent types of food there are di!erent types

of teeth" the cutting, the tearing and grinding.

Teeth are hard calcied tissue organs, have a comple# structure formed bytissue &nown comoperiodonto, whose role is to support and protection teeth.

The structures are"

1 rown" the part of the tooth we can see.

1 /oot" the part of the tooth that is within the gum.

1 -namel" covering the white part the crown, especially compound salts

calcium and phosphorus.

1 %entin" the part that is below the It enamel on the crown, is a less hard tissueand the yellowish enamel.

1 2um" ealthy gingiva is pin& pale and shaped as hell orange, which is thepart between teeth is triangular and is called Mobile papila.*yuda &eep teeth#ed $aw facilitates the sliding of the preventing food deposit on teeth.

1 0ulp" the soft part is located inside the tooth, in a cavity all pulp chamberdentin formed. It is responsible for nurturing tissue and defend the tooth, it hasblood vessels, nerves also react to any painful stimulus.

1 West" It is thin and compact that holds the tooth roots #ed in the bone,disappearing when teeth are e#tracted by atrophy. Their structure, theirnumber and arrangement varies in children and adults. +umber of Teeth0rimary, deciduous or deciduous, teething is composed of what is &nown teeth3baby3. 45 is formed by teeth arranged in the two arches, top and bottom.





S"all intestine!

mall intestine begins and ends at the pylorus in the ileocecal valve, which itbinds to the rst part of the large intestine. Its length is variable and its calibergradually decreases from its origin to the ileocecal valve. %uodenum, part of the small intestine, is about 4@ to 75 cm longA the small intestine consists of a

ne#t or portion and a distal $e$unum or ileumA the boundary between the twoportions is not very apparent. %uodenum $e$unum binds to 75cm after from thepylorus. The $e$unumBileum is part of the small intestine that is characterizedby a relatively #ed ends" The rst originates in the duodenum and the secondileocecal borders lavClvula and rst portion of the blind. Its size decreasesslowly but progressively towards the large intestine. The boundary between the

$e$unum and ileum is not appreciable. The small intestine has numerous villiwhich increase the surface of intestinal absorption of nutrients.

Large intestine!

The large intestine. it starts from the valve an ileocecal pouch called blind fromwhere elapDndice vermiforme and ends at the rectum. 'rom the cecum to therectum describes a series of curves, forming a frame in the center are thehandles the yeyunoEleon. Its length is variable, between :45 and :F5 cm, andits size decreases steadily with the narrowest portion the region where it $oinsthe rectum or rectosigmoid $unction where its diameter is not normally e#ceed7 cm, while the blind is F or G cm. *fter the blind, the second portion of the

large intestine is called and ascending colon with a length of :@cm, to givebirth to the third portion is the transverse colon with an average length of @5cm, resulting in onethe fourth portion is the descending colon to :5cm long.<astly =nli&e the sigmoid, rectum and anus colon. The rectum is the last part of the tuve digestive. It is the continuation of the sigmoid colon and ends openingto the outsidethe anal orice.

Pancreas"It is a closely related gland with duodenum, the e#cretory duct of the pCncreasends meet with the bile through the ampulla of Hater, their secretions areimportant in the digestion of food.

<iver"



The liver is the largest internal organ of the body weighs :@55 grams. Itconsists of two lobes. The bile ducts are e#cretory ducts of the liver, bile bythem is conveyed to the duodenum. usually get two channels" right and left,which converge together to form a single conduit. thehepatic duct receives athinner duct, cystic duct, which comes gallbladder in housed liver visceralsurface. Meeting of the cystic duct and the common bile liver, descendingduodenum is formed in which ows along with the e#cretory duct of thepancreas. The gallbladder i one reservoir musculomembranous placed inparallel on the bile duct Main. ontains @5BF5 cm7 bile. Is oval or slightlypiriform and its larger diameter is about 8 to :5 cm.

Spleen!

The spleen, for its main functions should be considered an organ systemcirculatory. Its size depends on the amount of blood contained therein.

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Gastro Terminado