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· V{‘b ZmSy> Ho$ dmbnamB© joÌ Ho$ hmWr J{b¶mao ‘| bJmE JE EH$sH¥$V MoVmdZr g§¶§Ì Ho$ O¡gm hr EH$ g§¶§Ì ¶hm§ ^r bJm¶m J¶m h¡&

· joÌ ‘| ‘mZd - hmWr ‘wR>ô‹S> Ho$ H$maU hmoZo dmbr ‘¥Ë¶w H$s Xa eyÝ¶ hmo JB© h¡&

òmoV : http://vikalpsangam.org/article/ping-elephants-ahead-reducing-human-elephant-conflict-one-sms-at-a-time/#.XIdb7yIzaM8

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2. XÿaXer© bmoJ

Jm§YrOr Am¡a ñdamO

{H$emoa goÝV"‘oao {dMma go, h‘Zo ñdamO eãX H$m Cn¶moJ CgHo$ Agbr ‘hËd H$mo g‘Po {~Zm {H$¶m h¡&'

E‘.Ho$.Jm§Yr, "qhX ñdamO'

n[aM¶ñdamO, Jm§Yr Ho$ AÝ¶ {dMmam| Am¡a Cn¶moJm| H$s Vah hr, H$mo H$B© ‘m¶Zm| ‘| g‘Pm J¶m Am¡a bmJy {H$¶m J¶m Am¡a Eogo H$maUm| go ^r Omo Jm§Yr Or Zo H$^r gmoMo ^r Zht hm|Jo& Bgo Kaoby emgZ ¶m ñd-emgZ, ñd-{ZYm©aU, amOZr{VH$ ñdm¶ÎmVm, ñWmZr¶ ñd-emgZ Am¡a n§Mm¶Vr amO go ^r Omo‹S>m J¶m h¡& ¶h g^r AdYmaUmE§ amîQ´> - amÁ¶ H$s amOZr{V Ho$ A§VJ©V pñWV h¢& BgHo$ H$maU ì¶pŠVJV, gm‘m{OH$ Am¡a nm[apñW{VH$ H$m¶©joÌm| ‘| ñd H$m ‘hËdnyU© {dMma (A{YH$ma, àH$me Am¡a {Oµå‘oXmar d à¶mg Ho$ {Z¶§ÌU Ho$ ê$n ‘|) AñnîQ> hmo J¶m h¡& BgZo Jm§d ¶m J«m‘ ñdamO H$s Jm§Yr H$s Xÿgar ‘m¡{bH$ AdYmaUmAm| H$mo gË¶ Am¡a Aqhgm na AmYm[aV amîQ´>r¶ Am¡a {díd ì¶dñWm Ho$ {Z‘m©U Ho$ {bE ‘yb VËd Ho$ ê$n ‘| {dH${gV hmooZo go ^r amoH$m h¡&

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g§nmXH$ Ho$ ê$n ‘| CZHo$ {dMma nyN>Vm h¡& nyao nmR> ‘| ñdamO Ho$ ~mao ‘| gdmb nyN>o JE h¢ Am¡a CZHo$ Odm~ {XE JE h¢ {H$ Bgo H¡$go àmá {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡ Am¡a Bggo Š¶m àmá hmo gH$Vm h¡& AÜ¶m¶ 4 ‘|, "ñdamO Š¶m h¡?' Bg àíZ H$mo ñnîQ> ê$n go àñVwV {H$¶m J¶m h¡ Am¡a nmR>H$ H$s pñW{V ~VmB© JB© h¡ {H$ ^maV ‘| A§J«µOr emgZ Am¡a g§ñWmZ hmoZo Mm{hE§ bo{H$Z A§J«oµOr Ho$ {~Zm& Jm§Yr Ho$ {dMma, Omo {H$ ‘m¡{bH$ ê$n go Bggo AbJ h¢, CÝh| ¶hm§ àñVwV Zht {H$¶m J¶m h¡ bo{H$Z Anojm H$s JB© h¡ {H$ do "ñdV: Bg MMm© Ho$ Xm¡amZ IwX H$mo {dH${gV H$a|Jo', Š¶m|{H$, "‘oao (Jm§Yr) {bE ñdamO Ho$ dmñV{dH$ ê$n H$mo g‘PZm CVZm hr ‘wpíH$b h¡ {OVZm {H$ Amn (nmR>H$) H$mo AmgmZ bJVm h¡'& ¶h Jm§Yr Ho$ X¥pîQ>H$moU H$mo Xem©Vm h¡ {H$ MMm© EH$ Eogm VarH$m h¡ {OgHo$ ‘mÜ¶‘ go nañna gmW©H$ gË¶ VH$ nhþ§Mm Om gH$Vm h¡&

ñdamO Ho$ ~mao ‘| Jm§Yr Ho$ {dMma qhX ñdamO Ho$ ~mX Ho$ AÜ¶m¶m| ‘| {dH${gV {H$E JE h¢, Omo {H$ nmR>H$ Ho$ ñdamO Ho$ {dMmam| Ho$ n[aUm‘ñdê$n "B§½b¢S> H$s X¶Zr¶ pñW{V' Am¡a B§½b¢S> Ûmam em{gV “^maV H$s {dH$Q> pñW{V’ Ho$ ~mao ‘| ~mV H$aVo h¢& B§½b¢S> Am¡a ¶yamon Ho$ ‘m‘bo ‘| CZH$s XþX©em Ho$ nrN>o CZH$s gä¶Vm ‘| H$maU ~VmE JE h¢& ñdamO na Jm§Yr Ho$ AnZo {dMmam| Ho$ òmoV Ho$ ê$n ‘| do ^maVr¶ gä¶Vm H$mo Q>Q>mobVo h¢ Am¡a gƒr gä¶Vm H$s AnZr AdYmaUm H$m CXmhaU Bg Vah go XoVo h¢ {H$ "..AmMaU H$m dh VarH$m... Omo ‘Zwî¶ H$mo CgHo$ H$V©ì¶ H$m nW {XImVm h¡& H$V©ì¶ Am¡a Z¡{VH$Vm H$m nmbZ n[adV©Zr¶ eãX h¢& Z¡{VH$Vm H$m nmbZ H$aZm h‘mao {X‘mJ Am¡a OwZyZ na ‘hmaV hm{gb H$aZm h¡& Eogm H$aHo$ h‘ IwX H$mo OmZVo h¢&'

¶hm§ ñdamO H$m {dMma OrdZ Ho$ Cg CÔoí¶ go Ow‹S>m h¡ Omo H$V©ì¶ H$m nmbZ H$aZm h¡, Omo Jm§Yr Ho$ AZwgma, ^maV H$mo {dXoer emgZ go ‘wŠV H$amZo Am¡a B©ída H$s aMZm H$s godm H$aZm h¡& BgHo$ {bE h‘mao {X‘mJ Am¡a OwZyZ na ‘hmaV hm{gb H$aZm EH$ Am¡a ¶mo½¶Vm h¡& ¶hm§ ñd-{Z¶§ÌU ¶m AmË‘-AZwemgZ Ho$ ‘mÜ¶‘ go AmË‘~moY hmoZm hr ñdamO H$m Agb AW© h¡...

ñd-{Z¶§ÌU Ho$ ‘mÜ¶‘ go AmË‘~moY Ho$ ê$n ‘| ñdamOñd-{Z¶§ÌU Ho$ ê$n ‘| ñdamO H$m {dMma Jm§Yr Ho$ AÝ¶ boIm| Am¡a dmVm©Am| ‘| {dñV¥V ê$n go ~Vm¶m J¶m h¡, ImgH$a "ñdmñÏ¶ H$s Hw§$Or' "AmË‘ g§¶‘ ~Zm‘ AmË‘ ^moJ' Am¡a gm~a‘{V Aml‘ ‘| JrVm Ho$ 1926 àdMZ& ¶hm§ ñd ¶m ñd¶§ na µOmoa {X¶m J¶m h¡& Jm§Yr Ho$ {bE ñd¶§ ì¶pŠVJV ‘Z- AmË‘m- eara go {ZH$bH$a, ‘mZg - AmË‘m- qnS>, ~«÷m§S> VH$ OmVm h¡ Omo {H$ na‘mË‘Z - ~«÷m§S> h¡, Omo nm§M VËdm| ¶m n§MVËd go ~Zm h¡ - YaVr ¶m n¥Ïdr, Ob ¶m nmZr,

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J«m‘ AmYm[aV aMZmË‘H$ H$m¶m}§ Ho$ ê$n ‘| ñdamOñdV§ÌVm Am§XmobZ Am¡a gm‘m{OH$ gwYma Ho$ g§X^© ‘| ñdV§ÌVm-nyd© ^maV ‘| ‘mZdVm Am¡a àH¥${V H$s godm Ho$ ê$n ‘| nyOZr¶ H$m¶© H$mo aMZmË‘H$ H$m¶©H«$‘ Ho$ ê$n ‘| V¡¶ma {H$¶m J¶m Wm& Bg‘| gm§àXm{¶H$ gm¡hmX©, ANy>V àWm H$mo Xÿa H$aZm, ñdXoer Ho$ {bE ImXr Am¡a J«m‘moÚmoJ H$mo ~‹T>mdm XoZm, J«m‘ ñdamO ¶m J«m‘ AmË‘-{Z^©aVm, Zerbr dñVwAm| H$m ~{hîH$ma, CËnr{‹S>V Am¡a d§{MVm| H$m CËWmZ, OoÝS>a g‘mZVm Am{X em{‘b h¢& Jm§Yr Ho$ AZwgma, aMZmË‘H$ H$m¶© Ho$ gmW-gmW amOZr{V Ho$ ~mha AmË‘-~moY H$m à¶mg ñdamO H$m ‘mÜ¶‘ Am¡a A§V, XmoZm| ¶hr h¢& O¡go {H$ AZwamYm dramdbr Zo ~Vm¶m "CZH$m (Jm§Yr H$m) nyU© ñdamO Ho$ {bE "aMZmË‘H$ H$m¶©H«$‘' Wm ... ¶h hm{gb H$aZo H$s H$ënZm Wr {H$ ... amÁ¶ gÎmm H$s g§aMZm Am¡a gepŠVH$aU {ZaW©H$ hmo OmE&' Bg‘| ‘mJ©Xe©H$ {gÕm§V h¡ bmoJm| H$s g§àämwVm Omo {H$ amÁ¶ H$s g§àämwVm go AbJ h¡&

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¶hm§ Zohê$-Jm§Yr Ho$ ‘VôXm| H$s ~mV H$aZo H$s OJh Zht h¡& BVZm hr H$hZm H$m’$s h¡ {H$ Zohê$ Jm§Yr Ho$ ‘yb {dMma {H$ Jm§d Ho$ OrdZ ‘| gË¶ Am¡a Aqhgm H$m {Zdmg h¡, go gh‘V Zht h¢, hm§bm{H$ do ¶h ‘mZVo h¢ {H$ {dH$mg H$m dV©‘mZ amñVm g§^dV: {dZme H$s Amoa bo OmEJm& CZHo$ eãXm| ‘|, "Amn H$s ~mV ghr h¡ {H$ {díd ¶m H$‘-go-H$‘ CgH$m A{YH$m§e ^mJ AmË‘hË¶m H$aVm hþAm àVrV hmoVm h¡& g§^d h¡ {H$ gä¶Vm ‘| Bg ~wamB© Ho$ ~rO Ho$ nZnZo H$m ¶hr A§V hmoJm& ‘¢ gmoMVm hÿ§ {H$ Eogm hr h¡& Bg ~wamB© H$mo H¡$go IË‘ {H$¶m OmE Am¡a nhbo H$s Vah hr dV©‘mZ ‘| ^r AÀN>mB© H$mo H¡$go H$m¶‘ aIm OmE, ¶h h‘mao gm‘Zo H$s MwZm¡Vr h¡&'

Jm§Yr Ho$ ñdamO Ho$ X¥pîQ>H$moU H$s nwpîQ> Am¡a Bgo dmñV{dH$Vm ‘| ~XbZo H$s aUZr{V EH$ g§{já boI ‘| àñVm{dV H$s JB© h¡ {OgH$m erf©H$ h¡ "AmpIar dgr¶VZm‘m Am¡a gmú¶' {Ogo CZH$s 30 OZdar 1948 H$mo hË¶m hmoZo go nhbo dmbr amV H$mo {bIm J¶m Wm& Bg‘| do nhMmZVo h¢ {H$ "^maV H$mo amOZr{VH$ ñdV§ÌVm Vmo {‘b JB© h¡ ... bo{H$Z A^r Cgo AnZo eham| Am¡a H$ñ~m| go AbJ, gmV bmI Jm§dm| Ho$ g§X^© ‘| gm‘m{OH$, Z¡{VH$ Am¡a Am{W©H$ ñdV§ÌVm àmá H$aZm ~mH$s h¡& ^maV Ho$ bmoH$Vm§{ÌH$ bú¶ H$mo àmá H$aZo Ho$ {bE Cgo g¡Ý¶ epŠV Ho$ ‘wH$m~bo ZmJ[aH$Vm H$mo ‘O~yV H$aZo Ho$ g§Kf© go JwµOaZm n‹S>oJm& Bgo amOZr{VH$ Xbm| Am¡a gm§àXm{¶H$ {ZH$m¶m| Ho$ gmW AñdñW ‘wH$m~bo go ~MmZm µOê$ar h¡&'

¶hm§ Hw$N> VrIo dmŠ¶m| ‘| Jm§dm| Ho$ ñdamO Ho$ {bE H$m¶© Am¡a aUZr{V¶m§ noe H$s JB© h¢& Bgo bmJy H$aZo Ho$ {bE Jm§Yr gwPmd XoVo h¢ {H$ EH$ amOZr{VH$ Xb Ho$ ê$n ‘| H$m§J«og H$m {dKQ>Z H$a XoZm Mm{hE Am¡a Bgo bmoH$ godm g§K Ho$ ê$n ‘| n§Mm¶Vm| H$m JR>Z H$aZm Mm{hE, {OgH$s ewéAmV nm§M d¶ñH$m| H$s EH$ ‘yb BH$mB© go hmo, Am¡a dh Eogr hr AÝ¶ B©H$mB¶m| Ho$ gmW {‘bH$a ì¶mnH$ ñVa na emgZ Ho$ {bE à{V{Z{Y¶m| H$m MwZmd H$ao, Am¡a Bgr àH$ma nyao Xoe Ho$ ñVa na emgZ ì¶dñWm V¡¶ma H$s OmE& bmoH$ godH$m| Ho$ {bE AmMaU Ho$ Hw$N> {Z¶‘ Am¡a {Oµå‘oXm[a¶m§ Xr JB© h¢ : ImXr nhZZo H$s AmXV, ‘mXH$ Ðì¶m| H$m Ë¶mJ, Añn¥í¶Vm H$m Ë¶mJ, gm§àXm{¶H$ gX²^md ‘| {dídmg Am¡a g^r Y‘m}§ Ho$ à{V ~am~a gå‘mZ Am¡a Om{V, n§W ¶m qbJ Ho$ ~mdOyX ^r g^r Ho$ {bE Adgam| Am¡a ñVa H$s g‘mZVm ‘| {dídmg& {Oµå‘oXm[a¶m| ‘| em{‘b h¡ J«m‘rU H$m¶©H$Vm©Am| H$m Zm‘m§H$Z Am¡a à{ejU, H¥${f Am¡a {eën Ho$ ‘mÜ¶‘ go J«m‘rU bmoJm| H$mo AmË‘{Z^©a ~ZmZo Ho$ {bE g§J{R>V H$aZm, ñdÀN>Vm ‘| Jm§d dmbm| H$m à{ejU, ZB© Vmbr‘ H$s VO©µ na Jm§d dmbm| H$mo AmOrdZ {ejm Ho$ {bE g§J{R>V H$aZm, Am¡a ‘Vm{YH$ma Ho$ A{YH$ma {XbdmZo Ho$ {bE ‘VXmVm gy{M ‘| g^r ¶mo½¶ bmoJm| H$m em{‘b {H$¶m OmZm gw{ZpíMV H$aZm& AnZo H$m‘ Ho$ {bE g§K Jm§d dmbm| d AÝ¶ bmoJm| go Am{W©H$ ‘XX OwQ>mEJm, {deofH$a "Jar~ H$s H$m¡‹S>r' H$m ¶moJXmZ gw{ZpíMV H$aVo hþE&

ñdV§ÌVm Ho$ ~mX J«m‘ ñdamO20dt gXr Ho$ ‘Ü¶ H$s d¡pídH$ ämy-amOZr{VH$ dmñV{dH$Vm H$mo XoIVo hþE, ¶h ñdm^m{dH$ Wm {H$ ñdamO ¶m ñd-emgZ H$mo amîQ´> - amÁ¶ H$s g§àämwVm Ho$ g§X^© ‘| aIm OmE& Jm§Yr Zo Bg ~mV H$mo ‘mÝ¶Vm XoVo hþE d¶ñH$m| H$mo ‘VXmVmAm| Ho$ ê$n ‘| n§OrH¥$V H$aZo H$s {Oµå‘oXmar H$mo bmoH$ godH$ Ho$ H$V©ì¶m| ‘| em{‘b {H$¶m h¡& hm§bm{H$, bmoH$ godH$m| H$m à‘wI H$V©ì¶ Jm§d ñdamO Ho$ AZwHy$b J{V{d{Y¶m| H$m g§MmbZ H$aZm Wm& Bg àH$ma, ñdamO H$mo AmË‘-àm{á Am¡a J«m‘ ñdamO Ho$ ê$n ‘|, bmoJm| H$s g§àämwVm Ho$ {gÕm§V Ho$ AmYma na, ‘m¡OyXm Cn{ZdoedmXr amOZr{V Ho$ J^© ‘| amo{nV Am¡a nmo{fV {H$¶m OmZm Wm& hm§bm{H$, Jm§Yr H$s gbmh Ho$ {dnarV, H$m§J«og H$mo ^§J Zht {H$¶m J¶m, bo{H$Z Jm§YrdmXr aMZmË‘H$ H$m¶©H$Vm©Am| Zo CZHo$ X¥pîQ>H$moU H$mo gmH$ma H$aZo Ho$ {bE gd© godm g§K H$s ñWmnZm H$s& J«m‘ ñdamO Ho$ {bE à‘wI µOmoa Omo BgHo$ VËdmdYmZ ‘| Câm, dmo Wm ämyXmZ-J«m‘XmZ Am§XmobZ, {OgH$m ZoV¥Ëd nX¶mÌm Ho$ ê$n ‘| {dZmo~m ^mdo Zo {H$¶m& Bg Am§XmobZ Zo g‘{n©V g‘W©H$m| H$mo AmH${f©V {H$¶m O¡go {H$ O¶àH$me Zam¶U, AÝZmgmho~ ghò~wYo, XmXm Y‘m©{YH$mar, YraoZ ‘Oy‘Xma, {d‘bm R>ŠH$a, ‘Z‘mohZ Mm¡Yar, R>mHw$aXmg ~m§J, JmoqdXamd Xoenm§S>o, Am¡a {gÕamO YS²S>m& ~‹S>o µO‘rZXmam| Ûmam XmZ H$s JB© hµOmam| EH$‹S> µO‘rZ ämy{‘hrZm| ‘| ~m§Q>r JB©& bo{H$Z, ewéAmVr


g’$bVm Ho$ ~mX, µO‘rZm| Am¡a bmoJm| H$mo g‘o{H$V H$aZo H$m ‘wpíH$b H$m‘ ‘hËdnyU© n¡‘mZo na Zht {H$¶m J¶m Am¡a J«m‘rU {dH$mg Ho$ à‘wI amñVo na Bg Am§XmobZ H$m à^md {d’$b hmo J¶m&

amîQ´>r¶ Zr{V ñVa na, g§{dYmZ g^m ‘| Ja‘mJa‘ ~hg Ho$ ~mX, J«m‘ ñdamO H$s A{^ì¶pŠV Ho$ ê$n ‘| n§Mm¶V amO H$mo ~‹T>mdm XoZo H$mo g§{dYmZ ‘| EH$ {ZX}eH$ {gÕm§V Ho$ ê$n ‘| em{‘b {H$¶m J¶m& Bgo µO‘rZr ñVa na ì¶mdhm[aH$ ê$n XoZo Ho$ {bE H$mZyZ ~Zm¶m J¶m& Bg‘| Jm§Yr Ho$ X¥pîQ>H$moU Ho$ AZwgma, ñdm¶ÎmVm Ho$ ~OmE AYrZñWVm H$m {gÕm§V ‘mJ©Xe©H$ {dMma ahm& BgHo$ Abmdm ‘hËdnyU ¶h h¡ {H$ d¡H$pënH$ Am§XmobZ Ho$ {bE, O¡gm {H$ gw[aÝXa Eg. OmoYH$m Zo H$hm h¡, "...Jm§Yr H$s {dkmZ H$s AmbmoMZm Am¡a d¡H$pënH$ OrdZ Ho$ CZHo$ {dMma ...bmoH${à¶ aho h¢ ... n¶m©daU{dXm| Ho$ ~rM ... Am¡a H$B© g{H«$¶ g‘yhm| Ho$ ~rM...&'

A§V ‘| H«$m§{VH$mar nm[apñW{VH$s¶ bmoJV§Ì H$s ‘yb g§aMZm go àmá {dH$ën T>m§Mo Ho$ g§~§Y ‘| ñdamO Ho$ ~mao ‘| EH$ {dMma& CX¶nwa ‘| Zd§~a 2017 ‘| hþE {dH$ën g§J‘ ‘|, O¶ goZ Zo gwPmd {X¶m {H$ ñdamO H$mo d¡H$pënH$ T>m§Mo ‘| ‘w»¶ ‘yb Ho$ ê$n ‘| COmJa {H$¶m OmE& Cg g‘¶ ‘¢Zo Bg {dMma H$m g‘W©Z {H$¶m& bo{H$Z A~, ñdamO Ho$ {df¶ na Jm§Yr Ho$ {dMmam| H$mo JhamB© go g‘PZo Ho$ ~mX, ‘¢ gwPmd XoZm MmhVm hÿ§ {H$ Jm§Yr d AÝ¶ bmoJm| Ho$ ñdamO na {dMmam| H$mo Ü¶mZ ‘| aIVo hþE Bg ‘m‘bo na Am¡a ~hg H$s OmZr Mm{hE& BZ‘| gm§p»¶H$s{dX², VH$ZrH$s - à~§YH$s¶, dm{UpÁ¶H$ Am¡a gmå¶dmXr X¥pîQ>H$moU em{‘b {H$E OmZo Mm{hE Am¡a CZ‘| {Z{hV ‘Zwî¶m| Ho$ ~rM nmañn[aH$ VWm ‘mZd-B©ídar¶ [aíVm| H$s YmaUmE§ ^r&

boIH$ Ho$ ~mao ‘| : {H$emoa goÝV X{jU amOñWmZ H$s ‘odm‹S> Aamdbr l¥§Ibm ‘| Am{Xdmgr g‘wXm¶ AmYm[aV nm[apñW{VH$s¶ nwZO©ZZ Ho$ H$m‘ ‘| em{‘b aho h¢& dV©‘mZ ‘| do Jm§Yr H$s AmÜ¶mpË‘H$ nm[apñW{VH$s H$mo g‘PZo H$s H$mo{ee H$a aho h¢& do CX¶nwa ‘| ahVo h¢&

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3. VH©$ - {dVH©$

‘hmË‘m Am¡a n§{S>V

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AmBE "ñdamO' eãX na {dMma H$aVo h¢& BgH$s g§ñH¥$V ^mfm ‘| ì¶wËn{Îm gmYmaU Am¡a ñdm^m{dH$ h¡ : ñd µ amÁ¶, ‘Vb~ {H$ AnZm emgZ& {deofU eãX "àmH¥${VH$' H$mo Hw$XaVr Ho$ ê$n ‘| g‘Pm Om gH$Vm h¡, ¶m ‘mZd ñd^md H$s A{^ì¶pŠV Ho$ ê$n ‘| g‘Pm Om gH$Vm h¡ {Oggo {H$ h‘mao Amgnmg H$s àH¥${V Ho$ b¶ ‘| aho&

21dt gXr ‘| ñdamO Ho$ ~mao ‘| ~mV H$aVo hþE, BgH$s AmídmgZ ahVm h¡ {H$ h‘ EH$ Eogo ñdßZ H$mo Xmo~mam àmá H$aZo Am¡a nwZOr©{dV H$aZo H$m bú¶ ~Zm aho h¢, Omo {H$ ̂ maVr¶ Xme©{ZH$ {dMma, g§ñH¥${V Am¡a amOZr{VH$ Aä¶mg H$s EH$ ‘O~yV ñdXoer Ymam go g§~§{YV h¡&¶h ¶mX aIZm µOê$ar h¡ {H$ ¶h YmaUmE§ (g§ñH¥$V Am¡a nmbr ‘|) - {OZgo AmYw{ZH$ ^maVr¶ bmoH$V§Ì H$s ^mfm H$m Hw$N> A§e àmá hmoVm h¡ - Am¡n{Zdo{eH$ H$mb go H$B© g{X¶m| nwamZr h¢, H$B© ~ma Vmo H$B© hµOma gmb nwamZr, Am¡a {H$gr ^r Vah go ¶o npíM‘r Xoem| go bmoH$a ^maV ‘| AZwdm{XV Zht H$s JB© h¢& BgH$m ‘Vb~ h¡ {H$ ¶h YmaUmE§ ^maVr¶ B{Vhmg Ho$ {H$gr g‘¶ ‘| Cn¶moJ H$s JB© hm|Jr Am¡a {’$a ~mX ‘| ¶o H$m’$s hX VH$ {ZpîH«$¶ hmo JB©§, AŠga {OgH$m H$maU ahm AmYw{ZH$ H$mb ‘| Am¡n{Zdo{eH$ emgZ&

amOZr{VH$ ñVa na, O¡gm {H$ ‘hmË‘m Jm§Yr Zo ñdamO H$mo g‘Pm¶m Wm, ¶h g§gXr¶ bmoH$V§Ì Vmo {~ëHw$b Zht h¡& do Vmo AmYw{ZH$ g§gX H$s ""Jwbm‘r Ho$ àVrH$'' Ho$ ê$n ‘| h§gr C‹S>m¶m H$aVo Wo; ¶h Xþ^m©½¶nyU© h¡ {H$ AŠga ñdamO H$mo “bmoH$V§Ì’ Ho$ ê$n ‘| g‘Pm OmVm h¡& dmñVd ‘|, BZH$m g§kmZmË‘H$ AmYma EH$ Xÿgao go EH$X‘ AbJ h¡&

g~go nhbo, ñdamO gmd©O{ZH$ amOZr{V go ‘ob Zht ImVm, Omo {H$ AmO Ho$ bmoH$V§Ìm| H$s amoµO‘am© H$s dmñV{dH$Vm h¡& Xÿgam, AmYw{ZH$ bmoH$V§Ì ha ì¶pŠV H$s amÁ¶ Ho$ gmW grYo, {~Zm hñVjon Ho$ [aíVo na µOmoa XoVm h¡ Ohm§ Cgo H$mZyZr ê$n go ZmJ[aH$Vm Ho$ A{YH$ma àmá


hm|& Vrgam, AmYw{ZH$ bmoH$V§Ì ‘|, EH$ ì¶pŠV H$mo, "ñdV§ÌVm' Ho$ Zm‘ na, bJ^J CXmgrZVm Ho$ gmW, CgH$s é{M¶m| Am¡a MmhVm| na N>mo‹S> {X¶m OmVm h¡ (AmYw{ZH$ AW©emñÌ nyar Vah go Bgr AdYmaUm na AmYm[aV h¡)&

Jm§Yr Ho$ ñdamO H$m {dMma Bggo {~ëHw$b AbJ h¡& Bg‘| ì¶pŠV ¶m g‘wXm¶ H$s MwZmd H$aZo H$s ñdm¶ÎmVm na µOmoa {X¶m OmVm h¡, ~OmE BgHo$ {H$ {ZpîH«$¶ ê$n go CÝh| MwZZo Ho$ {bE Xr JB© EH$ gr{‘V MwZmd gy{M H$mo ñdrH$ma H$a {b¶m OmE&

AmYw{ZH$ {díd ‘| ~Xbmd H$s VoµO µaVma H$mo XoIVo hþE, 70 df© {H$gr ^r ñdV§Ì Xoe Ho$ OrdZ H$m EH$ b§~m g‘¶ h¡& ¶h ^maV O¡go {demb Xoe go ^r Jar~r IË‘ H$aZo Ho$ {bE n¶m©á g‘¶ hmoZm Mm{hE Wm, ¶h XoIVo hþE {H$ Xoe ‘| {H$VZr Am{W©H$ VaŠH$s hþB© h¡& H$B© Xoem| Zo Eogm {H$¶m h¡& bo{H$Z, gM ¶h h¡ {H$ AmO, 2017 ‘|, Jar~m| H$s Am{YH$m[aH$ g§»¶m, Omo {H$ AnZo Amn ‘| gr{‘V AZw‘mZ ‘mÌ h¡, 1947 ‘| AIÊS> ^maV H$s nyar OZg§»¶m go ^r A{YH$ h¡& ‘mZm OmVm Wm {H$ Am{W©H$ {dH$mg Jar~r H$s MwZm¡Vr go {ZnQ> boJm& Eogm Š¶m| Zht hþAm? Š¶m g§^d h¡ {H$ h‘| {dH$mg H$s àH¥${V Am¡a M[aÌ Ho$ ~mao ‘| R>Jm J¶m hmo? Š¶m ¶h h‘oem go hr Hw$N> AW©empñÌ¶m| Ho$ AZwgma “ñdV§ÌVm’ Ho$ ~OmE, g§^dV: ¶wÕ H$m hr EH$ {N>nm hþAm ê$n Wm, EH$ Eogr gƒmB© Om A~ ha ‘hrZo, ha gámh Am¡a ^r ñnîQ> hmoVr Om ahr h¡, {Ogo ì¶§OZmnyU© ê$n go "{dñWmnZ' Ho$ ê$n ‘| d{U©V {H$¶m OmVm h¡, Am¡a {OgHo$ A§VJ©V Cn‘hÛrn ‘| àUmbr~Õ VarHo$ go nm[apñW{VH$s¶ byQ> H$s JB© h¡, Am¡a ¶h g~ {dH$mg H$s à{H«$¶m Ho$ Zm‘ na&

{dH$mg ewé go hr EH$ Am¡n{Zdoer {dMma Wm& Bg {N>nr hþB© dmñV{dH$Vm H$mo g‘PZo Ho$ {bE, 1940 Ho$ XeH$ ‘| dmng OmZm ghr hmoJm, O~ {dH$mg Ho$ {dMma H$mo nhbr ~ma EH$ ~‹T>Vr hþB© emhr epŠV Ûmam V¡¶ma {H$¶m J¶m Wm, Am¡a Bg{bE ^r Š¶m|{H$ 1940 Ho$ XeH$ ‘| hr Xoe Ho$ nho àYmZ‘§Ìr Zo Jm§Yr Ho$ ñdamO Ho$ {dMma H$mo Im[aO H$a {X¶m Wm& ¶h g~ OmZVo h¢ {H$ Odmha bmb Zohê$ H$m ñdV§Ì ̂ maV {H$g àH$ma AnZo ̂ m½¶ H$mo gmH$ma H$aoJm Ho$ gdmb H$m Odm~ Jm§Yr Ho$ Odm~ go H$mµ’$s AbJ Wm& EH$ à{V~Õ AmYw{ZH$H$ma Ho$ ê$n ‘|, Zohê$ Zo ñdV§ÌVm go nhbo hr Jm§Yr Ho$ ñdamO Ho$ {dMma H$mo AñdrH$ma H$a {X¶m Wm&

AmYw{ZH$ g‘¶ Ho$ ‘hmZJar¶ ^maV ‘| OrdZ Ho$ ~mao ‘| J§^ra ^{dî¶dmUr H$aZo dmbo EH$ dmŠ¶ ‘| Jm§Yr Zo AnZo {dMma H$mo BZ eãXm| ‘| ì¶ŠV {H$¶m Wm : "‘wPo {dídmg h¡ {H$ ¶{X ^maV H$mo gƒr ñdV§ÌVm àmá H$aZr h¡ Am¡a ^maV Ho$ ‘mÜ¶‘ go {díd H$mo ^r, Vmo

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Odmha bmb Zohê$ H$mo bJVm Wm {H$ ^maV H$m eharH$aU Am¡a Am¡Úmo{JH$aU hmoZm µOê$ar h¡ Am¡a do “g~Ho$ {bE ImÚmÝZ, H$n‹S>o, Amdmg, {ejm, ñdÀN>Vm...’ àmá H$aZo Ho$ g§X^© ‘| A{db§{~Vm ì¶ŠV H$aVo Wo& CZH$m H$hZm Wm {H$ "Bgr CÔoí¶ Ho$ ‘ÔoZµOa, h‘| {deof ê$n go nVm bJmZm Mm{hE {H$ OëX go OëX BÝh| H¡$go àmá {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡&' CÝh| Eogm ^r bJVm Wm {H$ "¶mVm¶mV Ho$ AmYw{ZH$ gmYZ d AÝ¶ H$B© AmYw{ZH$ {dH$mg H$s MrµO| MbVr ahZr Mm{hE Am¡a CZH$m {dH$mg {H$¶m OmZm A{Zdm¶© h¡& BZgo ~MZo H$m H$moB© VarH$m Zht h¡ ~OmE BgHo$ {H$ CÝh| àmá H$a {b¶m OmE& Am¡a AJa Eogm h¡ Vmo ¶h ‘Z boZm Mm{hE {H$ Hw$N> hX VH$ ^mar CÚmoJ ‘m¡OyX h¢& Zohê$ AŠga qMVm H$aVo Wo {H$ ¶h {H$g hX VH$ nyar Vah go J«m‘rU g‘mO ‘| AnZr OJh ~Zm gH$Vm h¡&' CZH$s Amem Wr {H$ "^mar ¶m hëHo$ CÚmoJm| H$mo Ohm§ VH$ hmo gHo$ {dHo$ÝÐrH¥$V {H$¶m Om gHo$&' bo{H$Z gmW hr CÝh| S>a ^r Wm {H$ "AJa Xoe ‘| Xmo Vah H$s AW©ì¶dñWm ‘m¡OyX hmoJr Vmo ¶m Vmo A§VÛ©ÝÛ H$s pñW{V n¡Xm hmo OmEJr ¶m {’$a BZ‘| go EH$ Xÿgao H$mo nam{OV H$a XoJr&' EH$ AmYw{ZH$ g‘mOdmXr hmoZo Ho$ ZmVo Zohê$ EH$ {Z¶§{ÌV eharH$aU MmhVo Wo&

Zohê$ ñnîQ> ê$n go Jm§Yr H$s qhX ñdamO H$s gmoM H$mo ZH$maVo Wo : "‘¢Zo qhX ñdamO H$mo H$B© df© nhbo n‹T>m Wm Am¡a A~ CgH$s Ho$db EH$ Yw§Ybr gr Vñdra ‘oao {X‘mJ ‘| ah JB© h¡& bo{H$Z O~ ‘¢Zo Bgo 20 gmb nhbo n‹T>m Wm V~ ^r ‘wPo ¶h nyar Vah go H$ënZm‘¶r bJm Wm&' Jm§Yr Ho$ IwX {XE JE BgHo$ {darV dŠVì¶ Ho$ ~mdOyX, Zohê$ H$mo bJVm Wm {H$ qhX ñdamO Ho$ N>nZo Ho$ ~mX go Jm§Yr Ho$ IwX Ho$ boI Am¡a ^mfU "CZH$s nwamZr gmoM go AmJ ~‹T> MwHo$ Wo Am¡a do A~ AmYw{ZH$ MrµOm| H$m g‘W©Z H$aZo bJo Wo&' "Bg{bE do AM§{^V Wo' O~ Jm§Yr Zo CÝh| {bIm {H$ nhbr ~ma {H$Vm~ {bIo OmZo Ho$ ~mX go Jm§Yr Ho$ {dMmam| ‘| ~hþV H$‘ VãXrbr AmB© Wr& CZH$m H$hZm Wm {H$ Jm§Yr H$s "nwamZr Vñdra' H$mo H$m§J«og Zo H$^r J§^raVm go Zht {b¶m Am¡a Z hr Jm§Yr Zo CZgo Bgo "Hw$N> N>moQ>o go nhbwAm| Ho$ Abmdm' bmJy H$aZo Ho$ {bE H$hm& Jm§Yr Zo Eogo hr ""J«m‘ ñdamO'' H$m gnZm Zht XoI {b¶m Wm& 1909 ‘|, CÝhm|Zo CZH$m g~go ‘hËdnyU© H$m¶© qhX ñdamO àH$m{eV {H$¶m Wm& ñdamO eãX


Ho$ Ow‹S>md H$m’$s ZmQ>H$s¶ ê$n go ~Xb OmVo h¢ O~ {VbH$ 1890 Ho$ XeH$ ‘| ^maVr¶ ñdV§ÌVm g§J«m‘ Ho$ g§X^© ‘| BgH$m Cn¶moJ H$aVo h¢& ¶hm§ ¶h ñdmYrZVm Am¡a ñdV§ÌVm Ho$ AmYw{ZH$ nmíMmË¶ {dMmam| Ho$ ~am~a {XImB© XoVm h¡& O~ XmXm^mB© ZmamoOr Zo ^maVr¶ amîQ´>r¶ H$m§J«og Ho$ amîQ´>n{V Ho$ ê$n ‘| 1906 ‘| KmofUm H$s Wr {H$ ñdamO amîQ´>r¶ Am§XmobZ H$m CÔoí¶ hmoJm, V~ CZHo$ ‘Z ‘| BgH$s ¶hr gr{‘V ê$n hr ‘m¡OyX Wm& Jm§Yr H$m gnZm Bggo H$ht AmJo OmVm h¡&Zohê$ gVV Ý¶m¶ na gm‘y{hH$ ñnîQ>rH$aU Ho$ nj ‘| Wo, Am¡a CÝh| H$moB© eµH$ Zht Wm {H$ ¶h amñVm (nyao {díd Ho$ gmW-gmW ^maV Ho$ {bE ^r) nyar Vah go µJbV ^r hmo gH$Vm h¡& Bgo AJa Am¡a µÁ¶mXm Ý¶m¶nyU©Vm Ho$ gmW H$hm OmE Vmo - Zohê$ Ho$ ‘Z ‘| gVVVm na H$moB© {dMma Z hmoVo hþE, Am¡a Z hr AmYw{ZH$Vm na CÝh| H$moB© Z¡{VH$ ê$n go g§Xoh hr Wm, hmbm§{H$ ¶wÕ Am¡a Cn{ZdoedmX BgHo$ ñdm^m{dH$ gmWr Wo - CZH$m ‘mZZm Wm {H$ do Omo ì¶ŠV Am¡a Cå‘rX H$a aho h¢, Cg‘| Ý¶m¶ Am¡a ñnîQ>Vm XmoZm| h¡& Zohê$ H$m ‘mZZm Wm {H$ Jm§Yr H$m ñdamO H$m {dMma H$mb^«{‘V Am¡a nwamZm Wm&

Xmo~mam {dMma {H$¶m OmE Vmo, Zohê$ H$m ~hþV ~‹S>m ^«‘ Wm {H$ AmYw{ZH$ Xþ{Z¶m H$s "AÀN>mB©' {H$gr Vah go ~Mm H$a aIr Om gH$Vr h¡ Am¡a Xÿgar Amoa "~wamB© H$m ~rO' (gÎmm H$s ämyI) H$mo {dZmeH$mar bmo^ Ho$ O§Jb ‘| nZnZo Ho$ {bE N>mo‹S> {X¶m OmE, EH$ Eogm A{Zdm¶© n[aUm‘ {OgH$m h‘| 21dt gXr ‘| nyao {díd ‘| gm‘Zm H$aZm n‹S> ahm h¡, O~ {H$ ~~©aVm ha Ka H$mo AnZm {ZemZm ~ZmE XadmµOo na I‹S>r h¡& Jm§Yr Ho$ S>a H$s AmO {díd ñVa na nwpîQ> hmo ahr h¡&

EH$ {dMma Ho$ ê$n ‘| "{dH$mg' H$m OÝ‘ npíM‘r, CÚmoJdmX Ho$ ZE dm[ag g§¶wŠV amÁ¶ ‘| hþAm Wm&'$ {dH$mg Ho$ {dMma H$m OÝ‘ h‘mao ñdV§ÌVm goZm{Z¶m| Ho$ {Xbm Am¡a {X‘mJ ‘| Zht, ~pëH$ dm°qeJQ>Z S>r.gr. Am¡a ~«oQ>Z dwS²g, Ý¶y h¡ånea ‘| hþAm Wm, Am¡a dh ^r ^maV H$s 1947 ‘| ñdV§ÌVm go H$m’$s nhbo, ¶h EH$ Eogr gƒmB© h¡ {Ogo µÁ¶mXmVa ~w{ÕOrdr Am¡a {dÛmZ AmgmZr go ñdrH$ma Zht H$aVo (em¶X EgHo$ nrN>o amîQ´>r¶ K‘§S> H$mo H$maU ‘mZm Om gH$Vm h¡)& Am¡a Bg gƒmB© H$s ñdrH$m¶©Vm Vmo Am¡a ^r H$‘ h¡ {H$ "{dH$mg' EH$ Eogm {dMma Wm "{OgH$m g‘¶ Am MwH$m Wm', EH$ Eogm {dMma {Ogo {díd Ho$ ZE emgH$m| Zo, {díd ¶wÕ 2 ‘| gh¶moJr nj H$s OrV Ho$ ~mX, AnZo ZE ämy‘ÊS>br¶ gm‘«mÁ¶ H$s gr‘mE§ ~‹T>mZo Am¡a nwZ: {ZYm©[aV H$aZo Ho$ {bE Cn¶moJr nm¶m, {H$ ¶h {dMma ("bmoH$V§Ì' Am¡a "‘mZd A{YH$ma' Ho$ gmW {‘bH$a) "ídoV nwéfm| Ho$ ^ma' Am¡a "B©gmB© {‘eZ' (Omo AnZm g‘¶ nyam H$a MwHo$ Wo) H$m EH$ Z¶m AdVma Wm, {Oggo CÝh| AnZo {hV ‘| {díd na amO H$aZo H$m A{YH$ma àmá hþAm ({Oggo {H$ do IwX H$mo g‘mOdmX Ho$ S>a go

~Mm nmE§)& Bg g~ H$mo ñdrH$ma H$aZo H$m ‘Vb~ Wm {H$ h‘ g~ H$m {‘bmOwbm amîQ´>r¶ nmI§S> COmJa hmo OmVm& Bg{bE h‘| AmO ^r AnZo ZE 2000 énE Ho$ ZmoQ> na ‘wñHw$amVo hþE ‘hmË‘m Ho$ Mohao H$s µOê$aV h¡ {OgHo$ nrN>o h‘ AnZo PyR> Am¡a nmnm| H$mo {N>nm gH|$&Jm§Yr Ho$ ZoV¥Ëd ‘| h‘mao ñdV§ÌVm goZm{Z¶m| Zo "{dH$mg' Ho$ A‘arH$s {dMma Ho$ g§X^© ‘| bmoJm| H$s MwZm¡{V¶m| Am¡a g‘ñ¶m| Ho$ ~mao ‘| Hw$N> Zht gmoMm, BgH$m H$‹S>m g~yV h¡ {H$ ¶h eãX ^maV Ho$ 1949 Ho$ g§{dYmZ ‘| H$ht na {bIm ^r Zht J¶m& Bggo ^r µÁ¶mXm ‘hËdnyU© h¡ "{dH$mg' eãX H$m ämy‘ÊS>br¶ MMm©Am| ‘| àdoe H$aZo H$m g‘¶& hm§bm{H$ ¶h eãX d¡km{ZH$ d AÝ¶ {d{eîQ> g§X^m}§ ‘| H$m’$s g‘¶ go Cn¶moJ hmoVm Am¶m h¡, bo{H$Z ämy‘ÊS>br¶ gmd©O{ZH$ Zr{V H$s ñVa na BgH$m AmJ‘Z nhbr ~ma ~«oQ>Z dwS²g, Ý¶y h¡ånea ‘| hþB© A{V ‘hËdnyU© Jmoð>r ‘|, OwbmB© 1944 ‘| hþAm& A‘arH$m Ho$ CÎma nyd© ‘| ~go BÝht gw§Xa nhm‹S>m| ‘| {díd ¶wÕ 2 Ho$ A§V ‘|, AmO H$s Am{W©H$ ì¶dñWm H$s ê$naoIm nhbr ~ma aMr JB© Wr, {OgZo Cg ämy‘ÊS>br¶ ¶wJ H$m AmµJmµO {H$¶m, Omo {H$ 1990 ‘| erV ¶wÕ Ho$ ~mX g‘mOdmX Zo Am¡nMm[aH$ ê$n go H$X‘ nrN>o bo {b¶o Wo& ¶hm§ ‘hËdnyU© h¡ {H$ {díd ¶wÕ 2 Ho$ ~mX h‘Zo npíM‘r ZoVmAm| H$mo Jar~r Am¡a A{dH$mg Ho$ ~mao ‘| ~mV H$aVo hþE ~hþV H$‘ gwZm h¡&

CZHo$ AmpIar dfm}§ ‘|, Zohê$ Zo Hw$N> g§Ho$V {XE {H$ CÝh| AnZo {dH$mg Ho$ {demb {dMma na nN>Vmdm Wm, Am¡a em¶X ‘Z-hr-‘Z do ‘hmË‘m H$s XÿaX{e©Vm H$s bmbgm aIVo Wo& 1958 ‘| CÝhm|Zo Hw$N> qgMmB© A{^¶§VmAm| go ¶h H$hm : ""bo{H$Z, Hw$N> g‘¶ go ‘¢ ¶h gmoMZo bJm hÿ§ {H$ h‘ "{dembVm Ho$ amoJ' go OyP aho h¢& h‘ ¶h {XImZm MmhVo h¢ {H$ h‘ ~‹S>o ~m§Y ~Zm gH$Vo h¢ Am¡a ~‹Sµ>o ~‹S>o H$m‘ H$a gH$Vo h¢ . . . {g’©$ ¶h {XImZo Ho$ {bE {H$ h‘ ^r ~‹S>o H$m‘ H$a gH$Vo h¢, BgHo$ {bE ~‹S>o ~‹S>o àm¶moOZ H$aZm Am¡a ~‹S>o H$m‘ H$aZm, ¶h AÀN>m X¥pîQ>H$moU Zht h¡ . . . h‘| g‘PZm hmoJm {H$ h‘ AnZr g‘ñ¶mAm| H$m OëXr Am¡a à^mdH$mar hb ~‹S>r g§»¶m ‘| bmJy H$s JB© N>moQ>r ñH$s‘m| go ^r {ZH$mb gH$Vo h¢, ImgH$a O~ N>moQ>r ñH$s‘ Ho$ {bE ~h§V H$‘ g‘¶ H$s Amdí¶H$Vm hmoVr h¡ Am¡a OëX n[aUm‘ àmá hmoVo h¢& BgHo$ Abmdm, BZ N>moQ>r ñH$s‘m| ‘| h‘| bmoJm| H$s gh^m{JVm ^r àmá hmoVr h¡, Am¡a Bg{bE, Eogr N>moQ>r ñH$s‘m| ‘| bmoJm| H$mo Omo‹S>Zo H$m EH$ gm‘m{OH$ ‘hËd h¡&

¶h g~ ~hþV nhbo H$s ~mV h¡ O~ {demb em°qnJ ‘m°b, VoµO µaVma EoŠgà¡gdo Am¡a hdmB© AÈ>m| Zo ^maV Ho$ eham| ‘| AnZm dM©ñd ñWm{nV Zht {H$¶m Wm& bo{H$Z 1958 VH$ ^r Zohê$ ~hþV Xoa H$a MwHo$ Wo& {nN>bo S>o‹T> XeH$ Ho$ CZHo$ AnZo eãX Am¡a H$m‘ Zo nhbo go hr epŠVembr pñW{V¶m§ ñWm{nV H$a Xr Wt Omo AmO ^r ^maV H$s gm§ñH¥${VH$, amOZr{VH$ Am¡a Am{W©H$ {H$ñ‘V H$mo Jhao VarHo$ go


AmH$ma Xo ahr h¢& Xoe Ho$ nhbo àYmZ‘§Ìr H$s ¶h XoIZo ‘| Ag’$bVm {H$ {dH$mg EH$ AmYw{ZH$ Am¡a AÀN>o go {N>nm hþAm Am¡n{Zdo{eH$ {dMma h¡, {OgHo$ H$maU H$amo‹S>m| bmoJ - H$B© hµOma {H$gmZm| {OÝhm|Zo AmË‘hË¶m H$s go boH$a H$amo‹S>m| bmoJ {OZHo$ OrdZ, AmOr{dH$mE§ Am¡a g§ñH¥${V¶m§ "amîQ´>r¶ {hV' ‘| ~ZmE Om ahr "{dH$mg' n[a¶moOZmAm| Ho$ {bE OJh ~ZmZo ‘| ZîQ> hmo JB©§ - gmV XeH$m| go H$s‘V MwH$mVo Am aho h¢&

boIH$ Ho$ ~mao ‘| : Agr‘ lrdmñVd {X„r ‘| pñWV EH$ boIH$ Am¡a nm[apñW{VH$s¶ AW©emñÌr h¢& CÝh| ‘¡goMwgoQ²g {díd{dÚmb¶ go AW©emñÌ ‘| nr.EMS>r àmá h¡& CÝhm|Zo Amerf H$moR>mar Ho$ gmW EH$ {H$Vm~ ^r {bIr h¡ {OgH$m erf©H$ h¡ M{Z©§J X AW© : X ‘oqH$J Am°’$ ½bmo~b B§{S>¶m (noÝJwBZ dmBqH$J, ZX© {X„r, 2012), {Og‘| CÝhm|Zo 1947 go boH$a ^maV H$s {dH$mg aUZr{V H$s J§^ra g‘m{OH$-nm[añW{VH$s¶ AmbmoMZm H$s h¡& dV©‘mZ ‘| do Xmo MrµOm| na H$m‘ H$a aho h¢, EH$ adrÝÐZmW Q>¡Jmoa H$s nm[apñW{VH$s¶ gmoM, Am¡a Xÿgam, bmo^ H$s gyÌ-ê$nr Am¡a Xme©{ZH$ Om§M&

ZmoQ> : ¶h boI gahX JmoIbo Zo Agr‘ lrdmñVd Ûmam {bIo Xmo AbJ-AbJ boIm|, ""àmH¥${VH$ ñdamO'' Am¡a ""hÿ {H$ëS> ñdamO'' Ho$ EH$-O¡go VËdm| H$mo em{‘b H$aHo$ ~Zm¶m h¡& BgHo$ {bE boIHo$ H$s nyd© AZw‘{V bo br JB© Wr&

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Jm§Yr {ZpíMV ê$n go ewÕ bmoH$Vm§{ÌH$ Wo& do OrdZâ bmoH$Vm§{ÌH$ A{YH$mam| Ho$ {h‘m¶Vr aho Am¡a CÝhm|Zo h‘oem bmoH$Vm§{ÌH$ g§Km| H$mo AnZm gh¶moJ Am¡a AmdmµO Xr, Mmh| do H$ht ^r hm|& bo{H$Z {Og bmoH$V§Ì H$m Jm§Yr g‘W©Z H$aVo Wo dh bmoH$V§Ì H$m àË¶j ê$n h¡, Z {H$ à{V{Z{YËd bmoH$V§Ì&

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Bgr g§^mdZm H$mo amoH$Zo Ho$ {bE Jm§Yr Zo Amng ‘| Ow‹S>o hþE, AmË‘ {Z^©a, J¡a-loUr~Õ, g‘mOdmXr J«m‘rU g‘wXm¶m| Ho$ {Z‘m©U H$m gnZm XoIm Wm {OZH$m Zm‘ ñdamO hmoVm, Am¡a CZ‘| go ha EH$ àË¶j bmoH$V§Ì Ho$ ê$n ‘| H$m‘ H$aVm& Jm§Yr Zo ""ñdamO'' H$mo bmJy H$aZo Ho$ {bE AnZo {Z‘m©U H$m¶©H«$‘ H$s aMZm H$s& CZH$m ‘mZZm Wm {H$ AJa ""ñdamO'' H$mo {Z‘m©U H$m¶©H«$‘ Ho$ ‘mÜ¶‘ go bmJy {H$¶m


OmEJm, Vmo bmoJ {dH$mg H$mo ñdV§ÌVm Ho$ ê$n ‘| AnZmE§Jo Z {H$ Am{W©H$ àJ{V H$mo& BgHo$ Abmdm CÝh| ny§{OdmXr Xoe go ~Xb H$a amÁ¶-{dhrZ gm‘m{OH$ g‘mO H$s aMZm H$aZo Ho$ {bE EH$ AqhgH$ ì¶dñWm H$s ^r Amdí¶H$Vm Wr& Jm§Yr H$m A{^^mdH$Vm H$m {dMma, ‘mŠ©g Ho$ VmZmemhr Ho$ {dMma H$s Vah hr, Bgr CÔoí¶ go ~Zm¶m J¶m Wm& do ‘mZVo Wo {H$ ¶hr EH$‘mÌ VarH$m h¡ {Oggo ^maV amîQ´> amÁ¶ ~ZZo Am¡a Xmo ~wamB¶m| Ho$ ~rM ‘| MwZmd H$aZo go ~M gH$Vm h¡&Š¶m ¶h ghr àñVmd Wm? ¶m {’$a Jm§Yr H$m àñVmd à{V{H«$¶mË‘H$ Am¡a ‘yI©VmnyU© Wm, O¡gm {H$ Zohê$ Zo Jm§Yr H$mo 11 OZdar 1928 H$mo {bIo nÌ ‘| {bIm Wm& EH$ ì¶pŠV {Ogo bJVm Wm {H$ ¶{X ^maV Zo Jm§Yr H$s ~mV na Ü¶mZ {X¶m hmoVm Vmo ~hþV hr ~{‹T>¶m hmoVm, do Wo Zmo‘ MmoåñH$s& EH$ gmjmËH$ma ‘| MmoåñH$s Zo H$hm Wm: ""Hw$N> gH$mamË‘H$ MrµO| ^r h¢ - O¡go {H$, CZH$m J«m‘ {dH$mg, ñd¶§ ghm¶Vm Am¡a gm‘wXm{¶H$ H$m¶©H«$‘m| na µOmoa XoZm& ¶h ^maV Ho$ {bE ~hþV ñdñW hmoVm& EH$ Vah go, do {dH$mg Ho$ Eogo àmê$n H$m gwPmd Xo ah Wo Omo {H$ AnZmE JE ñQ>m{bZ Ho$ àmê$n ({Og‘| ^mar CÚmoJm| H$m {dH$mg Am{X em{‘b Wm) go H$ht µÁ¶mXm g’$b Am¡a ‘mZdr¶ hmoVm&''

2017 H$s bmoH$V§Ì loUr~µÕVm ‘| ^maV H$mo XmofnyU© bmoH$V§Ì H$s loUr ‘| aIm J¶m h¡& h‘ ‘| go µÁ¶mXmVa bmoJm| Ho$ {bE ¶h AmíM¶©OZH$ ~mV Zht h¡& à{V{Z{Y bmoH$V§Ì Ho$ A§§Yoao J{b¶mao g~ Ho$ XoIZo Ho$ {bE Iwbo h¢& A‘arH$s bmoH$V§Ì H$s Vah, ¶h ^r ì¶dpñWV bmoH$V§Ì h¡& n¡gm, AÝ¶ àbmo^Z Am¡a AnmaYr MwZmdm| ‘| EH$ ‘hËdnyU© ämy{‘H$m {Z^mVo h¢& dm‘n§Wr nm{Q>©¶m| Ho$ Abmdm, ~mH$s g^r nm{Q>©¶m§ ¶m Vmo {H$gr ì¶pŠV Ho$ ñdm{‘Ëd ‘| MbVr h¢, ¶m {’$a {H$gr n[adma ¶m {H$gr g§ñWmZ Ho$& Bg àH$ma nm{Q>©¶m| Ho$ A§VJ©V bmoH$V§Ì ‘m¡OyX Zht h¡& ¶h à{H«$¶m nhbr Jma H$m§J«og ‘| B§{Xam Jm§Yr Ho$ AmZo na ZµOa AmB©& Yrao-Yrao BgH$m Aga AÝ¶ nm{Q>©¶m| na ^r n‹S>Zo bJm& BgHo$ n[aUm‘ñdê$n, nm{Q>©¶m| Zo CZ ì¶pŠV¶m| Ho$ {Z{O {hV ‘| H$m‘ H$aZm ewé H$a {X¶m Omo BZ nm{Q>©¶m| Ho$ ""ñdm‘r'' Wo, A¡a Bg à{H«$¶m ‘| Am‘ OZVm Ho$ {hV AŠga ZµOa§XmO hmoZo bJo&BgHo$ Abmdm, ^maV O¡go EH$ ~hþ-gm§ñH¥${VH$, ~hþ-Om{V¶ Am¡a ~hþ-Ym{‘©H$ g‘mO ‘|, à{V{Z{Y bmoH$V§Ì ‘| “”dmoQ> ~¢H$m|’’ H$m {Z‘m©U H$aZo Ho$ H$s EH$ {Z{hV àd¥{Îm hmoVr h¡& BZ g‘mOm| ‘| AŠga hmoVm h¡ {H$ {d{^ÝZ g‘yh Eogr nmQ>r©/Cå‘rXdma H$mo dmoQ> XoVo h¢, Omo CÝh| bJVm h¡ CZHo$ {hVm| H$s gwajm H$aoJm& Bg àd¥{Îm H$m g^r amOZr{VH$ Xb ’$m¶Xm CR>mVo h¢& bo{H$Z qhXþËd Am§XmobZ Am¡a CgH$s ~‹T>moVar Omo {H$ Bg àd¥{Îm na AmYm[aV h¡, A~ ^maVr¶ à{V{Z{Y bmoH$V§Ì H$mo EH$ ~hþg§»¶H$ bmoH$V§Ì ‘| ~XbZo H$s H$mo{ee H$a ahm h¡& qhXþËd Am§XmobZ EH$sH¥$V “”qhXþ Ym{‘©H$ g‘yh’’ Am¡a CgHo$ AmYma na ""qhXþ dmoQ> ~¢H$'' ~ZmZo H$s pñW{V ‘| V¡¶ma I‹S>m

h¡& AmZo dmbo g§gXr¶ MwZmdm| ‘|, ¶{X qhXþËd Xb gÎmm ‘| bm¡Q>Vo h¢, Vmo ̂ maV H$s {H$ñ‘V H$mo OëXr Am¡a {ZUm©¶H$ ê$n go grb H$a {X¶m OmEJm& ¶{X Bg ~ma {dnjr nm{Q>©¶m| Ho$ gmPm à¶mg go Bg g§^mdZm H$mo Q>mb ^r {X¶m OmVm h¡, Vmo MwZmdr amOZr{V Ho$ VH©$ AZwgma, nm§M gmb ~mX ¶h IVam Am¡a ^r µÁ¶mXm ~‹T> OmEJm&

¶{X ̂ maV ~hþg§»¶H$ bmoH$V§Ì Am¡a EH$ ""qhXþ amîQ´> ~Z OmVm h¡, Vmo BgHo$ n[aUm‘ J§^ra hm|Jo& ¶{X h‘ Zht MmhVo {H$ ^maV à{V{Z{Y bmoH$V§Ì Ho$ MwZmdr VH©$ Ho$ H$maU Xÿgam gr[a¶m ~Z OmE, Vmo h‘| Jm§Yr Ho$ {dH$ën na Ü¶mZ XoZm hmoJm& BgHo$ {bE h‘| Eogo VarHo$ Ty>§T>Zo hm|Jo {Oggo {H$ g^r ‘hËdnyU© joÌm| H$s àUm{b¶m| ‘| h‘ àË¶j bmoH$V§Ì H$mo bmJy H$a gH|$& EH$ g§^d VarH$m h¡ gbmh-‘í{dao Ho$ AmYma na dmoQ> S>mbZm& Bg VarHo$ go dmoQ> S>mbZo H$s à{H«$¶m H$m MmBZm ‘| ^r H$B© g§X^m}§ ‘| BñVo‘mb {H$¶m Om MwH$m h¡& gbmh-‘pídao Ho$ AmYma na dmoQ> S>mbZo Ho$ gmW àË¶j bmoH$V§Ì bmJy H$aZo Ho$ Abmdm, gmW hr gmW h‘| g§gX Am¡a {dYmZ g^mAm| H$mo gbmh-‘pídam AmYm[aV bmoH$V§Ì ‘| ~XbZm hmoJm& BgH$m ‘Vb~ h¡ {H$, BZ g§ñWmZm| Ho$ gXñ¶m| H$mo CZH$s nmQ>r© Ho$ ‘V go ñdV§Ì {ZU©¶ boZo H$s ñdV§ÌVm hmoZr Mm{hE, Omo {H$ ‘wÔo na MMm© H$aZo Ho$ ~mX {b¶m OmE&

boIH$ Ho$ ~mao ‘| : Ho$.nr. e§H$aZ g|Q> ñQ>r’$Z H$m°boO, {X„r {díd{dÚmb¶ ‘| Xe©ZemñÌ n‹T>mVo Wo&òmoV : https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/ indian-democracy-mahatma-gandhi-teachings-indian-parliament-5560286/

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5. ~mVMrVB©H$moZmardmX Am¡a H«$m§{VH$mar nm[apñW{VH$ bmoH$V§Ì?E[a¶b gboh (E.Eg.) Am¡a Amerf H$moR>mar (E.Ho$.) Ho$ ~rM ~mVMrVE.Ho$. : d¡pídH$ X{jU ‘| "{dH$mg H$Å>amX' na gdmb CR>mZo Ho$ {bE nm[apñW{VH$s¶ gmoM Am¡a ZmardmX ‘| Š¶m g‘mZVmE§ h¢?

E.Eg. : CÎma Am¡a X{jU, XmoZm| ‘| B©H$moZmardmXr amOZr{V Am¡aVm| Ho$ AnZo g‘wXm¶m| ‘| OrZo Ho$ amoµO Ho$ à¶mgm| na AmYm[aV h¡, Ohm§ CÝh| ~‹T>Vo hþE ‘m¡V Ho$ S>a Am¡a bm^-AmYm[aV nwéfdmXr g§ñH¥${V H$m gm‘Zm H$aZm n‹S>Vm h¡& ewé go hr, nm[apñW{VH$s¶ Zmardm{X¶m| Zo Am{W©H$ ämy‘§S>brH$aU Ho$ àmê$n H$mo ZH$ma {X¶m Wm Am¡a do npíM‘r CXmadmXr ì¶pŠVJV ZmardmX go AbJ I‹S>o aho h¢& {dH$mg n[a¶moOZmAm| Am¡a ¶wÕ ‘| g~go µÁ¶mXm Am¡aV| Am¡a ~ƒo hr à^m{dV hmoVo h¢&

1970 Am¡a 1980 Ho$ XeH$m| ‘|, Am¡aVm| Ûmam na‘mUw CÚmoJ Ho$ {damoY Zo Bg MoVZm H$mo OJmZo ‘| AnZr ämy{‘H$m {Z^mB©, Am¡a H$B© nm[apñW{VH$s¶ ZmardmXr H$m¶©H$Vm©Am| Zo AnZm Ü¶mZ amÁ¶ Am¡a goZm Am¡Úmo{JH$ g§Hw$b H$s Amoa ‘mo‹S> {X¶m& A‘arH$s noÝQ>mJZ, ¶y.Ho$. ‘| J«rZh¡‘ H$m°‘Z {‘gmBb ~og, Am¡a Am°ñQ´>o{b¶m ‘| Am{Xdmgr µO‘rZm| go ¶yao{Z¶‘ Ho$ IZZ Ho$ {déÕ àVrH$mV‘H$ àXe©Z {H$E JE& "YaVr na OrdZ Ho$ {bE Am¡aV|' àË¶j H$m¶©dmhr Ho$ gmW-gmW {nV¥gÎmmË‘H$ kmZ {Z‘m©U ‘| AmB© H$‘r na J§^ra ê$n go qMVZ ^r H$a|Jr&

E.Ho$. : B©H$moZmardmX H$m H$moB© gm{hË¶ ^r h¡?E.Eg. : hm§, Am¡a ¶h A^r V¡¶ma ^r hmo ahm h¡& ‘yb ê$n go, B©H$moZmardmXr "àH¥${V ‘m§’ Ho$ ¶yamoHo$pÝÐV emofU, Am¡aVm| Ho$ X‘Z, Am¡a Bgr {dMmaYmam Ho$ AmYma na, H$Å>adm{X¶m| Ho$ X‘Z Am¡a àOm{V¶m| "AÝ¶' Ho$ ~rM Jham gm§ñH¥${VH$ Ow‹S>md XoIVo h¢& hm§bm{H$ "B©H$moZmardmX' eãX H$m nhbr ~ma à¶moJ ’«¡$ÝH$moBµO S>r” ¶y~moZ H$s ’o${‘{ZµO‘ Am¡a S>¡W (1974) ‘| {H$¶m J¶m Wm, bo{H$Z ha ‘hmÛrn H$s Am¡aV| AnZo {damoY Ho$ Am§XmobZm| H$mo ì¶ŠV H$aZo Ho$ {bE Eogo hr eãXm| H$m {Z‘m©U H$a ahr Wt& H¡$amobrZ ‘M}ÝQ> H$s X S>¡W Am°’$ ZoMa (1980) Zo, ~oH$Z go boH$a S>oH$mQ>©g VH$ Ho$ "d¡km{ZH$ H«$m§{V’'H$m {díbofU H$aHo$, {nV¥gÎmmË‘H$ A{YH$ma H$s Bg AmbmoMZm H$mo Am¡a Jham {H$¶m& B§½b¢S> ‘|, amÁ¶ Ûmam ‘{hbm d¡Úm| Am¡a XmB¶m| H$mo S>m¶Z H$hH$a CZH$m {eH$ma H$aZo H$s à{H«$¶m Ho$ H$maU nwéfm| H$s am°¶b gmogm¶Q>r H$s ñWmnZm H$aZo ‘| ‘XX {‘br& OëX hr AmYw{ZH$ {M{H$Ëgm eara H$mo EH$ Ord Zht ~pëH$ ‘erZ H$s ZµOa go XoIVo hþE CgH$m CnMma H$aZm ewé H$a XoJr {Ogo g§Ho$VH$m| Ho$ ‘mn Ho$ AmYma na Am§H$m OmEJm& H$Q>m¡VrdmXr Am¡a ¶§Ìm| na AmYm[aV Bg

{dkmZ H$s nm[apñW{VH$s¶ H$s‘Vm| H$mo d§XZm {edm Zo AnZr {H$Vm~ ñQ>oq¶J AbmBd (1989) ‘| n[a^m{fV {H$¶m& AV: 20dt gXr Ho$ ^maV ‘|, "{dH$mg' àm¡Úmo{JH$s O¡go {H$ n¡Q́>mo-IoVr Am¡a AZwdm§{eH$ VH$ZrH$m| go ~ZmE JE ~rOm| H$mo "h[aV H«$m§{V' Ho$ ê$n ‘| noe {H$¶m J¶m {OgHo$ {‘Å>r, nmZr, O§Jbm| Am¡a bmoJm| H$s AmOr{dH$mAm| na {dZmeH$ à^md hþE& ‘¢ Vmo H$hÿ§Jr {H$ {OZ boIH$m| H$m ¶hm§ dU©Z {H$¶m J¶m h¡, CÝhm|Zo B©H$moZmardmX Ho$ ‘yb dmŠ¶ h‘| {XE, Am¡a ¶wdm Am¡aVm| H$s nr‹T>r Zo aMZmË‘H$ VarHo$ go Bg amOZr{V H$mo AmJo ~‹T>m¶m&

E.Ho$. : Š¶m B©H$moZmardmX ì¶mnH$ g‘mOdmXr gyÌrH$aU ‘| {’$Q> hmoVm h¡?E.Eg. : g‘mOdmX Agb ‘| B©H$moZmardmX go g§H$sU© T>m§Mm h¡! ‘mŠg© Zo Am¡aVm| H$s EH$ "dJ©' ¶m "B{Vhmg Ho$ H$Vm©Am|' Ho$ ê$n ‘| nhMmZ Zht H$s& bo{H$Z Am¡aVm| H$m {Z:ewëH$ Kaoby H$m‘ n{V¶m| Ûmam h‹S>n {b¶m OmVm h¡ Am¡a Bg eãX Ho$ O¡{dH$ Am¡a gm§ñH¥${VH$, XmoZm| AWm}§ ‘| g‘mO H$mo nwZéËnm{XV H$aHo$ dh ny§{O H$mo gpãgS>mBµO H$aVm h¡& {X nmda Am°’$ {d‘oZ E|S> {X g~dµO©Z Am°’$ {X H$å¶y{Z{Q> (1972) ‘| ‘m[a¶mamoµOm S>mbm H$moñQ>m Ho$ AZwgma, Am¡aV| ha nr‹T>r Ho$ H$m‘Jmam| H$mo {~Zm {H$gr ämwJVmZ Ho$ OÝ‘ XoVr h¢ Am¡a n¡gm H$‘mZo dmbo nwéfm| H$s godm H$aVr h¢, Omo ny§{OdmX Ho$ {bE A{Yeof ‘yë¶ H$m CËnmXZ H$aVo h¢& ‘m[a¶m ‘mBg H$s {H$Vm~ no{Q´>AmH$s© E|S> EŠ¶y‘wboeZ Am°Z A dëS>© ñHo$b (1986) Zo amoµOm b½µO‘~J© Ho$ Cn{Zdoe Xoem| Ûmam An[ahm¶© l‘, g§gmYZ, Am¡a g§M¶ Ho$ {bE ~mµOma CnbãY H$amZo Ho$ {dMma H$mo Am¡a AmJo ~‹T>m¶m& BgHo$ A{V[aŠV, Cn{Zdoer ì¶mnma Zo npíM‘r A’«$sH$m H$s Am¡aVm| H$s Am{W©H$ ñdV§ÌVm H$m {dZme H$a {X¶m Am¡a Xÿgar Amoa, O‘©Zr H$s Am¡aVm| H$mo "Cn^moŠVm Kaoby Am¡aVm|' Ho$ ê$n ‘| Ka Ho$ H$Q>Kao VH$ gr{‘V H$a {X¶m& Bg‘| H$moB© eµH$ Zht h¡ {H$ B©H$moZmardmX EH$ ^m¡{VH$dmXr amOZr{V h¡, hm§bm{H$ g‘ñ¶mË‘H$ goŠg - OoÝS>a Am¶m‘ Ho$ MbVo, ‘¢ Bgo "EH$ ‘yV© ^m¡{VH$dmX' Ho$ ê$n ‘| n[a^m{f{V H$aZm ng§X H$aVr hÿ§& Eo{Vhm{gH$ ê$n go, nwéfdmXr g§ñWmZ "{díd H$s nhbo amOZr{VH$ ì¶dñWm' H$m {Z‘m©U H$aVo AmE h¢, Omo hµOmam| dfm}§ go Mbr Am ahr h¡ - O~{H$ ny§{OdmX Ho$db 500 df© nwamZm h¡& g‘mOdmXr ñnîQ>rH$aU A^r ^r ny§{OdmX H$mo àmW{‘H$Vm XoVo h¢, Am¡a goŠg - OoÝS>a Ho$ Am¶m‘ H$mo Ho$db EH$ A{V[aŠV nhby Ho$ ê$n ‘| ‘mZVo h¢& ‘oar {H$Vm~, B©H$mo’¡${‘{ZµÁ‘ EoµO nm°{b{Q>Šg (1997) Bg JbVr Ho$ amOZr{VH$ Am§XmobZm| - ‘µOXÿa Am§XmobZ, ‘{hbm Am§XmobZ, Am{Xdmgr Am§XmobZ, Am¡a nm[apñW{VH$s¶ Am§XmobZ - H$s §g^m{dV EH$Vm na hmoZo dmbo à^mdm| H$m Am§H$bZ H$aVr h¡& Am¡a ¶h {H$Vm~ nwéf gm{W¶m| go "goŠg-OoÝS>a [ab¡pŠg{dQ>r’ H$m AmôdmZ H$aVr h¡ - R>rH$ d¡go hr O¡go EH$ g‘¶ na Am¡aVm| H$mo nVm Mbm {H$ 'ì¶pŠVJV hr amZr{VH$ h¡'&


E.Ho$. : B©H$moZmardmX {H$Z VarH$m| go {díd ñVa na gm‘m{OH$ Am¡a nm[apñW{VH$s¶ Ý¶m¶ Ho$ g§Kfm}§ H$mo gy{MV Am¡a g‘W©Z XoVm h¡? Am¡a Obdm¶w n[adV©Z H$m Š¶m?E.Eg. : Am¡aV|, Mmh| do IwX H$mo "B©H$moZmardmXr' H$m bo~b XoVr hm| ¶m Z XoVr hm|, n¶m©daUr¶ J¡a-gaH$mar g§ñWmAm| ‘| H$m‘ H$aZo dmbm| ‘| g~go A{YH$ g§»¶m ‘| ñd¶§go{d¶m| Ho$ ê$n ‘| H$m‘ H$aVr h¢& do dZm| H$s H$Q>mB© ¶m µOharbr {‘{Å> Am¡a nmZr Ho$ àXÿfU H$m {damoY H$aVo hþE AnZo n‹S>mo{g¶m| H$mo gmW boH$a nhb H$aVr h¢& A§Vam©îQ´>r¶ amOZr{V ñVa na Am¡aV| Iwb H$a ~mobVr h¢ - CéJwE Ho$ {díd dfm©dZ Am§XmobZ Ho$ ê$n ‘|; A’«$sH$m ‘| IZZ Ho$ pIbmµ’$ Am¡aVm| Ho$ ê$n ‘|; ¶m {’$a g§¶wŠV amîQ´> Obdm¶w MMm©Am| ‘| OoÝS>a gr.gr. Ho$ ê$n ‘|& B©H$moZmardmXr VH©$ XoVo h¢ {H$ d¡pídH$ amOZr{VH$ AW©ì¶dñWm, Omo {H$ nwéfm| H$s YZ Am¡a ñVa Ho$ {bE à{VñnYm©Ë‘H$ ImoO, Am¡a gmW hr nwéfdmXr {ZUm©¶H$ g§ñWmZm| H$s Amoa g‘{n©V h¡, Eogo ‘| Obdm¶w g§H$Q> A{Zdm¶© ê$n go EH$ goŠg-OoÝS>a g‘ñ¶m h¡& BgHo$ A{V[aŠV, ZdCXmadmXr ~mOma Ho$ VH©$ Ho$ gmW H$Q>m¡VrdmXr d¡km{ZH$ àmê$nm| H$m Zr{V ~ZmZo Ho$ {bE Cn¶moJ Zo Obdm¶w na Am¡Úmo{JH$ à^mdm| H$s nm[apñW{VH$s¶ g‘P H$mo ZµOa§XmµO H$aVo hþE, H$m~©Z H$s {JZVr H$mo àmW{‘H$Vm Xr h¡&

E.Ho$. : B©H$moZmardm{X¶m| H$mo Š¶m {damoY H$m gm‘Zm H$aZm n‹S>m h¡? CZHo$ Hw$N> g’$b à¶mg Š¶m ah h¢?E.Eg. : ‘{hbmAm| Ho$ g^r gmd©^m¡{‘H$ CËnr‹S>Z {d{^ÝZ VarH$m| go nm[apñW{VH$dmXr amOZr{V H$mo à^m{dV H$aVo h¢& g’$b ‘{hbmAm| Ho$ ZoV¥Ëd dmbo A{^¶mZm| H$mo gmd©O{ZH$ àdŠVm H$s ämy{‘H$m boH$a AŠga nwéf h{W¶m boVo h¢& ‘mŠg©dm{X¶m| Zo B©H$moZmardm{X¶m| H$mo “dJ© H$m {díbofU’ Z H$aZo H$m H$maU XoVo hþE ZH$ma {X¶m& AmYw{ZH$moÎma Am¡a VH$ZrH$dmXr ZmardmXr Am¡aVm| Ho$ àOZZ l‘ Ho$ {H$gr ^r VH©$ H$mo ¶h H$h H$a AñdrH$ma H$a XoVo h¢ {H$ Bggo Am¡aVm| H$s nma§n[aH$ goŠg-OoÝS>a ämy{‘H$mAm| Ho$ gwX¥{‹T>H$aU hmoVm h¡& bo{H$Z ZmardmXr nm[apñW{VH$s¶ AW©emñÌr A~ d¡pídH$ AW©ì¶dñWm ‘| XoIaoI Ho$ H$m‘ H$s Ho$ÝÐr¶Vm H$mo ‘mÝ¶Vm XoZo bJo h¢& Am°ñQ´>o{b¶m ‘|, ¶yao{Z¶‘ IZZ Ho$ pIbmµ’$ Am¡aVm| Ho$ ZoV¥Ëd dmbo EH$ Am§XmobZ Zo bo~a nmQ>r© Ho$ gmW g’$bVmnyd©H$ n¡adr H$aVo hþE CÚmoJ na à{V~§Y bJdm¶m, hmbm§{H$ Bgo ~mX ‘| AmB© gaH$ma Zo dmng bo {b¶m& EH$ Cƒ ñVar¶ B©H$moZmardmXr Zo nm{Q>©¶m| H$mo g§J{R>V H$aHo$ {díd ì¶mnma g§K Ý¶m¶mb¶ ‘| EH$ ‘m‘bo ‘| OrV hm{gb H$s, {Og‘| ^maVr¶ Zr‘ Ho$ no‹S> na H$m°anmoaoQ> noQ>oÝQ> H$mo aÔ {H$¶m J¶m& AmO Ho$ {XZ EH$ g’$b A‘arH$s n¶m©daUr¶ Am§XmobZ H$s ewéAmV Agb ‘| ‘m§Am| Ûmam H$s JB© Wr {OZHo$ n[adma {‘{g{g{n ZXr ‘| Am¡Úmo{JH$ àXÿfU ’¡$bmE OmZo go à^m{dV hmo aho Wo&

B©H$moZmardm{X¶m| Zo nm[apñW{VH$s¶-XjVm Ho$ {gÕm§V na AmYm[aV "{Zdm©h X¥pîQ>H$moU' Ho$ gmW {dKQ>Z Ho$ {dMma H$m ZoV¥Ëd {H$¶m& B©H$moZmardmXr {dMmaH$ Am¡a boIH$ AmO ^r ZdCXmadmX, nm[apñW{VH$ AW©{dkmZ, gm‘mOdmX, n¶m©daUr¶ AmMma, AdZV Am¡a {dKQ>Z Am§XmobZm| ‘| nwéfdmXr A§Y q~XþAm| H$mo MwZm¡Vr Xo aho h¢& My§{H$ Am¡aV| ‘mZdVm H$m AmYm {hñgm h¢, Bg{bE CZHo$/h‘mao AZw^dm| Am¡a H$m¡eb H$mo gå‘mZnyd©H$ gwZo {~Zm VWm n¥Ïdr bmoH$V§Ì Ho$ {bE d¡pídH$ g§Kf© ‘| EH$sH¥$V {H$E {~Zm H$moB© d¡pídH$ gm‘m{OH$ Ý¶m¶ àmá Zht {H$¶m Om gH$Vm&

E[a¶b gmboh EH$ emoY emñÌr Am¡a H$m¶©H$Vm© h¢ Vmo dV©‘mZ ‘| {gS>Zr {díd{dÚmb¶ ‘| amOZr{VH$ AW©ì¶dñWm go g§~Õ h¢& CZH$s nwñVH$m| ‘| em{‘b h¢ - B©H$mo’o${‘{ZµÁ‘ EoµO nm°{b{Q>Šg : ZoMa, ‘mŠg© E|S> {X nmoñQ>‘m°S>Z© (2017) Am¡a B©H$mog{’${e¶oÝgr E|S> ½bmo~b OpñQ>g (2009)& gm‘m{OH$ napñWpñÏ{VH$ {dMmam|, d¡ídrH$aU, Am‘ {dkmZ, Ob Am¡a Obdm¶w amOZr{V na CZHo$ boI Am¡a AÜ¶m¶ ¶hm§ na XoIo Om gH$Vo h¢ - www.arielsalleh.info& CZH$m "gpÝZ{hV ̂ m¡{VH$dmX' ‘mZd-àH¥${V g§~§Ym| Ho$ {df¶ na EH$ CâVm hþAm AÜ¶¶Z h¡ Omo {H$ amZOr{VH$ nm[apñW{VH$s Ho$ {df¶ Ho$ AÜ¶¶Z Ho$ {bE EH$ àmW{‘H$ nhby h¡& CZH$s ZdrZV‘ nwñVH$ - ""B©H$mo’¡${‘{ZµÁ‘ EoµO nm°{b{Q>Šg'' aoS> Ho$ nmR>H$m| Ho$ {bE 40 à{VeV Ny>Q> Ho$ gmW www.zedbooks.net na CnbãY h¡ {OgHo$ {bE àmo‘mo H$moS> h¡ ECOFEMINISM> &

Amerf H$moR>mar H$ënd¥j n¶m©daUr¶ EoŠeZ g‘yh Ho$ gh-g§ñWmnH$ h¢&òmoV : http://www.radicalecologicaldemocracy.org/ecofeminism-and-radical-ecological-democracy/

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6. Cå‘rX Ho$ {Zem§

ndbJ‹T> ‘| g‘wXm¶-AmYm[aV n¶©Q>Zgr‘m ^Å> Ûmam EH$ AÜ¶¶Z

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H$m°a~¡Q> gd©loð> g§a{jV CÚmZm| ‘| go EH$ h¡, Ohm§ 164 ~mK Am¡a 600 go µÁ¶mXm hmWr h¢& hmb Ho$ EH$ gd}jU go nVm Mbm h¡ {H$ H$m°a~¡Q> ‘| ~mKm| H$m g~go µÁ¶mXm KZËd h¡ Omo {H$ 20/100 dJ© {H$.‘r. h¡& ¶hm§ na 600 go A{YH$ no‹S>m|, Pm{‹S>¶m|, O‹S>r-~y{Q>¶m|, ~m§g, Kmg, bVmAm| Am¡a ’$Z© H$s àOm{V¶m| H$s nhMmZ H$s JB© h¡& H$m°a~¡Q> Am¡a amOmOr amîQ´>r¶ CÚmZm| ‘| ^maV Ho$ CÎmanpíM‘r joÌ Ho$ A{YH$V‘ ~mK nmE OmVo h¢ Am¡a E{e¶mB© hmWr H$s ^r {díd ‘| g~go ‘hËdnyU© Am~mXr h¡& 550 n{j¶m| H$s àOm{V¶m| Ho$ gmW ¶h EH$ ‘hËdnyU© njr joÌ ^r h¡&

A§J«µOm| Ho$ AmJ‘Z go nhbo, 1815-20 Ho$ ~rM ¶h O§Jb ñWmZr¶ amOmAm| H$s {Z{O g§n{Îm Wo& 1820 ‘|, O~ A§J«oµOm| H$mo BZH$m ñdm{‘Ëd gm¢n {X¶m J¶m, V~ bH$‹S>r Ho$ {bE BZ O§Jbm| H$m ^mar H$Q>mZ {H$¶m J¶m& ¶h O§Jb gmb Ho$ {bE à{gÕ Wo Am¡a ¶hr bH$‹S>r Ho$ {bE ^r g~go ng§XrXm àOm{V Wr& gmJdmZ, Omo Am¡a ^r ‘h§Jr bH$‹S>r hmoVr h¡, Cgo O§Jbm| Ho$ {H$Zmam| na bJm¶m J¶m Am¡a ~mX ‘| Cgo aobdo Ho$ ñbrnam| Ho$ {bE Cn¶moJ {H$¶m J¶m&

1858 ‘| nhbr ~ma ‘oOa am‘go Zo BZ O§Jbm| Ho$ g§ajU H$s ¶moOZm ~ZmB© Am¡a 36 dfm}§ H$s gVH©$Vm ~aVZo Ho$ ~mX, BZ O§Jbm| H$s hmbV ‘| Hw$N> gwYma Am¶m& 1879 ‘|, BZ O§Jbm| H$mo Ama{jV Kmo{fV H$a {X¶m J¶m Am¡a 1907 ‘| EH$ g‘{n©V A{YH$mar ‘mBH$b Ho$ÝQ> Ûmam BZ O§Jbm| H$mo Iob Aä¶maÊ¶ ~ZmZo H$m à¶mg {H$¶m J¶m& Xþ^m©½¶ go, joÌ H${‘íZa {dÝY‘ Ûmam CZHo$ àñVmd H$mo Rw>H$am {X¶m J¶m& ¶hr g‘¶ Wm O~ H$Z©b {O‘ H$m°a~¡Q> Za^{j¶m| H$s ImoO ‘| BZ O§Jbm| ‘| ¿my‘m H$aVo Wo Am¡a CZH$s BZ O§Jbm| Ho$ ~mao ‘| OmZH$mar gamhZr¶ Wr& 1934 ‘|, g§¶wŠV àm§V (Omo ~mX ‘| CÎma àXoe ~Zm Am¡a A~ CÎmamI§S> h¡) Ho$ amÁ¶nmb, ‘¡ëH$‘ hobr Zo Bgo Iob Aä¶maÊ¶ ~ZmZo Ho$ àñVmd H$m g‘W©Z {H$¶m& BgHo$ ~mX, ñ‘mBWrµO Zo Bgo H$mZyZr ê$n go amîQ´>r¶ CÚmZ Kmo{fV H$admZo Ho$ à¶mg {H$E& ñ‘mBWrµO Zo {O‘ H$m°a~¡Q> Ho$ gmW MMm© H$aHo$ àñVm{dV amîQ´>r¶ CÚmZ H$s gr‘mAm| H$m {ZYm©aU {H$¶m, Am¡a Bgo ~mX ‘| ~‹T>mE OmZo H$s H$mµ’$s Jw§OmBe ^r aIr& 1936 ‘|, g§¶wŠV àm§V amîQ´>r¶ CÚmZ A{Y{Z¶‘ ~Zm Am¡a BgHo$ n[aUm‘ñdê$n, hobr amîQ´>r¶ CÚmZ ^maV H$m nhbm Am¡l {díd H$m Vrgam amîQ´>r¶ CÚmZ ~Zm& 1952 ‘| BgH$m Zm‘ ~Xb H$a am‘J§Jm amîQ´>r¶ CÚmZ aIm J¶m, Omo {H$ Bg CÚmZ Am¡a Cg‘| ahZo dmbr àOm{V¶m| Ho$ {bE OrdZaoIm ZXr H$m Zm‘ ^r h¡& bo{H$Z 1957 ‘| {O‘ H$m°a~¡Q> Ho$ {ZYZ Ho$ ~mX, BgH$m Zm‘ {’$a go ~Xb H$a H$m°a~¡Q> amîQ´>r¶ CÚmZ aI {X¶m J¶m, Cg ì¶pŠV Ho$ Zm‘ na {OgZo BgH$s gr‘mAm| Ho$ {ZYm©aU ‘| ‘hËdnyU© ämy{‘H$m {Z^mB© Am¡a {OZH$m Zm‘ AmO ^r Bg joÌ H$m n¶m©¶ h¡&

1973 H$m df© ^maV ‘| dÝ¶Ord g§ajU Ho$ g§X^© ‘| EH$ Eo{Vhm{gH$ df© Wm Š¶m|{H$ Xoe ‘| ~mK n[a¶moOZm Ho$ Zm‘ go EH$ AJ«Ur ì¶mnH$ g§ajU n[a¶moOZm H$s ewéAmV hþB©& H$m°a~¡Q> amîQ´>r¶ CÚmZ Bg Eo{Vhm{gH$ ewéAmV H$m ñWmZ ~Zm Am¡a 1973 ‘|, ¶h CÚmZ Xoe H$m nhbm ~mK Ama{jV joÌ ~Zm& H$m°a~¡Q> amîQ´>r¶ CÚmZ Am¡a ~mK Ama{jV joÌ AmO Ho$ {XZ 1288.31 dJ© {H$.‘r. ‘| ’¡$bm hþAm h¡ Am¡a ¶h ì¶mnH$ H$m°a~¡Q> n¥ð>ämy{‘ H$m EH$ {hñgm h¡& Bgo b§~o g‘¶ go “Xhm‹S> Vwahr Am¡a JrV H$s ämy{‘‘ H$hm OmVm ahm h¡& BZH$m ‘Vb~ h¡ ~mK H$s Xhm‹S>, hm{W¶m| H$s Vwahr Am¡a n{j¶m| H$m ‘Ywa JrV&

ndbJ‹T> g§ajU Ama{jV joÌH$m°a~¡Q> ~mK Ama{jV joÌ go AmYm {H$.‘r. na ndbJ‹T> g§ajU Ama{jV joÌ h¡, Omo {H$ ì¶mnH$ ~mK n¥ð>ämy{‘ H$m hr EH$ {hñgm h¡& {O‘ H$m°a~¡Q> Zo nmdbJ‹T> H$mo ~gm¶m Wm, Omo {H$ BZ O§Jbm| Ho$ g~go ~‹S>o ~mKm H$m {eH$ma H$aZo Ho$ {bE OmZo OmVo h¢& ""ndbJ‹T> H$m Hw$‘ma'' H$s Cnm{Y {XE JE H$m°a~¡Q> Zo EH$ à»¶mV {H$Vm~ ""Hw$‘mD$§ Ho$ Za^jr'' ‘| Bg ~mK H$m nrN>m Am¡a {eH$ma H$aZo H$s nyar JmWm ~VmB© h¡&

dÝ¶Ord (g§ajU) A{Y{Z¶‘, 1972 ‘| df© 2002 ‘| {H$E JE g§emoYZ ‘| g§a{jV joÌm| Ho$ {bE Xmo ZB© lo{U¶m§ H$m àmdYmZ {H$¶m J¶m& EH$ loUr Wr g§ajU Ama{jV joÌ (Xÿgar loUr gm‘wXm{¶H$ Ama{jV joÌ h¡), {Ogo amÁ¶ gaH$ma g§~§{YV g‘wXm¶m| Ho$ gmW {‘bH$a H$s JB© MMm©Am| Ho$ AmYma na Kmo{fV H$a gH$Vr h¡& nhbo go Kmo{fV g§a{jV joÌm| H$s gr‘mAm| go bJVo hþE joÌ ¶m EH$ g§a{jV joÌ go Xÿgao H$mo Omo‹S>Vo hþE joÌm| H$mo àmW{‘H$Vm Wr& BgHo$ AZwgma, ndbJ‹T> g§ajU Ama{jV joÌ df© 2012 ‘| ñWm{nV {H$¶m J¶m& Bg joÌ ‘| VrZ Z{X¶m§ JwµOaVr h¢& npíM‘ ‘| H$mogr ZXr Am¡a npíM‘ ‘| ~wAma ZXr& X~H$m ZXr CÎmar joÌ ‘| nyd© go npíM‘ H$s {Xem ‘| ~hVr h¡ Am¡a nyao joÌ H$mo ~m§Q>Vr hþB© X{jU H$s Amoa VamB© joÌ ‘| Mbr OmVr h¡& Bg g§ajU Ama{jV joÌ ‘| ~‹S>o ~‹S>o {ZO©Z dZ h¢& ¶h 58.25 dJ© {H$.‘r. Ama{jV joÌ n{j¶m| H$mo XoIZo ‘| é{M aIZo dmbm| Ho$ {bE ñdJ© h¡ Oh§ na 365 njr àOm{V¶m§ nmB© OmVr h¢& H$m°a~¡Q> ~mK Ama{jV joÌ ‘| Vmo g§^d Zht h¡, na ¶hm§ na O§Jbm| ‘| n¡Xb ¿my‘m Om gH$Vm h¡& Bg Ama{jV joÌ ‘| ñVZYmar OmZdam| H$s ^r 32 àOm{V¶m§ h¢ Am¡a 125 go µÁ¶mXm àOm{V¶m| H$s {VV{b¶m§&

B©H$mo h¡ar‘¡Ýg [aµOm¡Q>©ndbJ‹T> g§ajU Ama{jV joÌ Ho$ nmg hr EH$ {Zambm Kaoby n¶©Q>H$ Amdmg h¡ {OgH$m Zm‘ h¡ B©H$mo h¡ar‘¡Ýg (¶h Agb ‘| B©H$mo h¡ar‘¡Z H$s nhbr g§MmbZ g{‘{V Ho$ gXñ¶m| Ho$ Zm‘m| Ho$ AmYma na ~Zm EH$ b¿mw eãX h¡)& BgHo$ ‘m{bH$ Am¡a à~§YH$ D$Om© go âo


‘ZabOr h¢& ‘ZabOr EH$ Eogo n[adma go h¢ {OgHo$ ~hþV go gXñ¶ ^maVr¶ goZm ‘| h¢& do ^r goZm ‘| hr ^Vr© hmoZm MmhVo Wo, bo{H$Z CZH$m n[adma MmhVm Wm {H$ do Hw$N> Am¡a H$m‘ H$a|& CÝhm|Zo {X„r go BboŠQ´>mo{ZŠg H$m {S>ßbmo‘m {H$¶m Am¡a do A^r amoµOJma Vbme hr aho Wo {H$ Hw$N> KQ>ZmAm| Ho$ H$maU CÝh| dmng CÎmamI§S> bm¡Q>Zm n‹S>m& Bg g‘¶ CÎmamI§S> ñdV§Ì amÁ¶ ~ZZo Ho$ Am§XmobZ ‘| g§Kf©aV Wm& do ^r Bg Am§XmobZ H$m {hñgm ~ZZm MmhVo Wo Am¡a {H$gr Vah go amÁ¶oH$ àmH¥${VH$ gm¢X¶© H$mo ~‹T>mdm XoZm MmhVm Wo& V~ CÝhm|Zo ndb~‹T> ‘| AnZo nm[adm[aH$ ‘H$mZ go n¶©Q>Z à¶mg ewé H$aZo H$m {ZU©¶ {b¶m& df© 2000 ‘|, amÁ¶ dZ {d^mJ Zo O~ B©‘mZXmar go B©H$mon¶©Q>Z H$s {Xem ‘| XoIZm ewé {H$¶m, Vmo BgHo$ {bE ‘ZabOr H$s OJh g~go AÀN>r nmB© JB©&

Bg [aµOm¡Q>© ‘| g~go ZrMo VrZ H$‘ao, Am¡a nhbr ‘§{Oµb na VrZ H$‘ao h¢, {OZ‘| AbJ AbJ g§»¶m ‘| nb§J CnbãY h¢& H$‘ao gmµ’$ Am¡a Amam‘Xm¶H$ h¢& nrN>o H$s Vaµ’$ em¡Mmb¶ Am¡a ~mWê$‘ ~Zo h¢& BgHo$ gm‘Zo EH$ Am¡a {Z‘m©U h¡ {Og‘| nhbr ‘§{Oµb na ~mha ~¡R>H|$ H$aZo Ho$ {bE OJh h¡& Iy~ gmar {H$Vm~m| Am¡a Xrdma na gOr dÝ¶Ordm| go g§~§{YV H$bmE§ Xem©Vr h¢ {H$ Amn EH$ ghr àH¥${V{dX² H$s g§J{V ‘| h¢& EH$ gw§Xa ’$bm| Ho$ ~JrMm| go JwµOaVo hþE Amn ImZo Ho$ hm°b ‘| nhþ§MVo h¢, Ohm§ na µOê$aV n‹S>Zo na bmoJ gmo ^r gH$Vo h¢& nyao [aµOm¡Q>© H$s Xrdmam| na ñWmZr¶ H$bmH$mamHo$ Ûmam ~ZmE hþE àH¥${V go g§~§{YV {MÌ Q>§Jo hþE h¢, Omo {H$ Bg OJh H$mo Am¡a ^r Ord§V Am¡a AmH$f©H$ ~ZmVo h¢& ¶h ñHy$b/ H$m°boO Ho$ {e{dam| Ho$ {bE AÀN>r OJh h¡& ‘ZabOr H$s npËZ H$s {ZJamZr ‘| agmoB© ‘| ñdm{XîQ> ñWmZr¶ Am¡a O¡{dH$ ì¶§OZ nH$mE OmVo h¢&

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na§namJV Iocmo H$mo S>§{JV H$aVm ~moS>©

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CÎmamI§S> ‘| njr CËgd : EH$ AZyR>m à¶mgCÎmamI§S> H$s CËH¥$îQ> njr O¡d{d{dYVm H$mo ‘mÝ¶Vm Am¡a CgHo$ g§ajU H$s Amdí¶H$Vm na µOmoa XoVo hþE, CÎmamI§S> dZ {d^mJ Zo df© 2011 go nyao amÁ¶ ‘| njr-AdbmoH$Z {e{da bJmZo ewé {H$E& 2011 go 2016 Ho$ ~rM, dZ {d^mJ H$s B©H$mo-n¶©Q>Z BH$mB© Zo 25-30 Eogo {e{dam| H$m gh¶moJ {H$¶m& BZ {e{dam| Zo njr CËgdm| H$m ê$n bo {b¶m, Omo nhbr ~ma AmgZ ‘| 2014 ‘| hþAm& amÁ¶ ‘| njr-AdbmoH$Z H$mo àmoËgmhZ XoZo Am¡a Bg {df¶ na OmJéH$Vm ~‹T>mZo H$s ¶h gamhZr¶ nhb Cg g‘¶ Ho$ à‘wI dZnmb Am¡a B©H$mo-n¶©Q>Z Ho$ g§MmbH$, amOrd ^V©ar Zo H$s& BZHo$ à{V bmoJm| H$s à{V{H«$¶m H$m’$ä CËgmhnyU© ahr Am¡a {V{Vbr Q´>ñQ>,1 H$ënd¥j VWm {h‘b àH¥${V O¡go g‘yhm| H$s ^mJrXmar go ¶h CËgd amÁ¶ ‘| A~ {Z{¶{‘V ê$n go hmo aho h¢& ¶h CËgd Eogo Adga h¢ Ohm§ dZ {d^mJ Ho$ H$‘©Mmar, ñWmZr¶ g‘wXm¶m| Ho$ bmoJ, Qy>a JmBS> d AÝ¶ bmoJm| H$mo n{j¶m| Ho$ ~mao ‘| ‘ybämyV OmZH$mar àmá hmoVr h¡ Am¡a do {’$a CZHo$ g§ajU Ho$ XÿV ~Z OmVo h¢&

Xÿgam njr CËgd df© 2015 ‘| ndbJ‹T> ‘| hþAm& Bg CËgd Ho$ Xm¡amZ hþB© EH$ g‘wXm¶-AmYm[aV n¶©Q>Z Ho$ {df¶ na H$m¶©embm go, Am¡a A{YH$ à{e{jV àH¥${V JmBS>m| H$s Amdí¶H$Vm {ZH$b H$ma AmB©, {deofH$a O~ go ndbJ‹T> g§ajU Ama{jV joÌ H$s KmofUm hþB©, V~ go& {VVbr Q´>ñQ>1 Zm‘H$ J¡a-gaH$mar g§ñWm Zo dZ {d^mJ go AmJ«h {H$¶m {H$ do EH$ àH¥${V JmBS> à{ejU H$m¶©H«$‘ Ho$ {bE gh¶moJ X|, {Oggo {H$ J«m‘rU ¶wdmAm| H$mo ^r g§ajU go Omo‹S>Zo ‘| ‘XX {‘boJr& Bg µOê$aV H$mo Ü¶mZ ‘| aIVo hþE, ndbJ‹T> àH¥${V àhar H$s ñWmnZm H$s JB©& nr.nr.nr. H$mo EH$ J¡a-‘wZm’$m àH¥${V g§ajU gmogmBQ>r Ho$ ê$n ‘| {Xg§~a 2015 ‘| n§OrH¥$V {H$¶m J¶m& Bg gmogmBQ>r H$m à‘wI CÔoí¶ h¡ àH¥${V g§ajU, n¶m©daU gwajm Am¡a gVV OrdZ H$mo ~‹T>mdm XoZo Ho$ {bE d¡H$pënH$ ì¶dgm¶m| O¡go {H$ B©H$mon¶©Q>Z H$mo Kaoby Amdmg ì¶dñWm, AZw^dr JmBS>m| Ho$ gmW àH¥${V g¡a Am¡a ñWmZr¶ CËnmX VWm ImZ-nmZ H$mo ~‹T>mdm XoZm& nr.nr.nr. àH¥${V ì¶m»¶m CËnmX ~oMZo ‘| ^r gh¶moJ H$aVm h¡, O¡go {H$ {H$Vm~|, nM}, {eën, {MÌ Am{X& gmogBQ>r µÁ¶mXmVa ndbJ‹T> g§ajU joÌ Ho$ A§Xa hr H$m‘ H$aVr h¡ Am¡a BgHo$ gXñ¶ ndbJ‹T> Ho$ Amgnmg Ho$ Jm§dm| ‘| hr ahVo h¢& BZ‘| em{‘b h¢ : ndbJ‹T>, ‘ZH§$Wnwa, Š¶mar, H$moQ>m~mK, ñ¶mV, am‘ZJa, J~wAm, N>moB© Am¡a Am‘Q>mobr&

ñWm{nV hmoZo Ho$ ~mX, {VVbr Q´>ñQ> Zo 70 {XZm| VH$ àH¥${V JmBS>m| H$m JhZ à{ejU {H$¶m& Bg à{ejU ‘| em{‘b Wm, njr AdbmoH$Z

1. {VVbr Q´>ñQ> EH$ J¡a-‘wZm’$m g§ñWm h¡ Omo {H$ XohamXÿZ ^maV ‘| pñWV h¡& CgH$m à‘wI H$m‘ h¡ {h‘mb¶ ‘| g§ajU Am¡a AmOr{dH$mE§&

H$m ‘yb H$m¡eb {dH$mg {OgHo$ ~mX ‘mh ‘| Xmo ~ma BgH$m Aä¶mg {H$¶m OmVm Wm; àmW{‘H$ CnMma; ~mVMrV H$aZo H$m VarH$m; Am¡a H$hm{Z¶m§ gwZmZo H$m VarH$m& AÝ¶ g§ñWmAm| O¡go {H$ dmBëS> bmB’$ Q´>ñQ> Am°’$ B§{S>¶m Am¡a CÎmamI§S> dZ {d^mJ Ûmam ^r AÝ¶ à{ejU {H$E JE& BZ‘| em{‘b Wo, ES>dm§ñS> àH¥${V JmBS> H$m à{ejU Am¡a Q´>¡qH$J brS>am| H$m à{ejU& 2016 Ho$ A§V ‘| EH$ Mma-{Xdgr¶ narjm Am¶mo{OV H$s JB©& 65 ¶wdmAm| Zo ¶h narjm br, {OZ‘| go dZ {d^mJ Ho$ AZwamoY Ho$ AZwgma 30 H$m M¶Z {H$¶m J¶m& ¶hr g‘¶ Wm O~ dZ {d^mJ AnZr ~mV go nrN>o hQ> J¶m Am¡a CgZo à{e{jV àH¥${V JmBS>m| H$mo Zm¡H$ar na Zht aIm, O¡gm {H$ nhbo g‘Pm¡Vm hþAm Wm& ¶h ñnîQ> Zht h¡ {H$ ¶h Š¶m| H$s JB©& Bg ~rM à{e{jV ¶wdmAm| H$s AnojmE§ ~hþV ~‹T> JB© Wt, Am¡a A§V ‘| CÝh| {Zame hmoZm n‹S>m& nhbo AZw~§Y Ho$ Xmo gmb ~mX, hmb ‘|, àH¥${V JmBS> H$m¶©H«$‘ Ho$ A§VJ©V {’$a go JmBS>m| Ho$ n§OrH$aU H$s ~mV hþB©& bo{H$Z Xþ^m©½¶ go, H$B© à{e{jV àH¥${V JmBS> ¶wdmAm| Zo Xÿgao ì¶dgm¶ ewé H$a {XE h¢ Am¡a A~ Hw$N> hr ~mH$s ~Mo h¢&

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{XbdmZm {Og‘| n¶©Q>H$m| Ho$ {bE H$B© Vah Ho$ CËnmX CnbãK H$amE Om gH$Vo h¢, O¡go {H$ Jm‹S>r g’$mar Am¡a {M{ˆV n¡Xb nWm| Ho$ {bE àH¥${V JmBS> H$m H$m‘, ñWmZr¶ J¥h-Amdmg, ñWmZr¶ ì¶§OZ d AÝ¶ ñWmZr¶ CËnmX&

· gw{ZpíMV H$aZm {H$ ndbJ‹T> g§ajU Ama{jV joÌ ‘| n¶©Q>Z n¶m©daU-njr, gVV Am¡a Vwë¶ aho Ohm§ ñWmZr¶ g‘wXm¶m| VH$ ’$m¶Xo nhþ§M|&

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g‘ñ¶m I‹S>r hmo JB© h¡ {OgHo$ H$maU Amdmg joÌ ‘| j{V Am¡a dÝ¶Ordm| H$mo naoemZr hmo ahr h¡& H$m°a~¡Q> ~mK Ama{jV joÌ H$m {X„r go nmg hmoZm Am¡a BgH$s bmoH${à¶Vm "nm§M {gVmam' g§ñH¥${V H$mo ~‹T>mdm Xo ahr h¡, {Og‘| g§nÝZ bmoJ BZ joÌm| ‘| AmZo bJo h¢, bo{H$Z CÝh| Anr {dbm{gVm H$s g^r MrµO| Mm{hE§ Am¡a do CZHo$ {bE n¡gm XoZo Ho$ {bE ^r V¡¶ma h¢& am‘ZJa Ho$ nmg CÚmZ H$s nydr© gr‘m na ^mar g§»¶m ‘| bŠµOar [aµOm¡Q>© ~Z JE h¢ Am¡a CZ‘| gmb â n¶©Q>H$ AmVo ahVo h¢& H$m°a~¡Q> ~mK Ama{jV joÌ Xoe Ho$ g~go ‘ehÿa g§a{jV joÌm| ‘| go EH$ h¡& ¶hm§ dm{f©H$ ê$n go bJ^J 2 bmI n¶©Q>H$ AmVo h¢& CÚmZ Ho$ A{YH$m[a¶m| Ho$ AZwgma, grµOZ ‘| 150 Jm{‹S>¶m| ‘| 600 bmoJ à{V{XZ CÚmZ Ho$ A§Xa OmVo h¢& Ama{jV joÌ Ho$ Amgnmg Ho$ joÌ ‘| 3000 bmoJm| Ho$ ahZo H$s ì¶dñWm h¡ (www.indiaenvironmentportal.org.in/

files/corbett_tourism_report.pdf)& ^maVr¶ dÝ¶Ord g§ñWmZ Zo H$m°a~¡Q> Ho$ nydr© {H$Zmao Ho$ ~mha ~go {T>Hw$br Jm§d ‘| n¶©Q>Z Ho$ à^mdm| H$m EH$ AÜ¶¶Z {H$¶m& Bg AÜ¶¶Z go nVm Mbm {H$ CÚmZ Ho$ Amgnmg Ho$ Jm§dm| ‘| n¶©Q>Z Ho$ H$maU gm‘m{OH$ Aem§{V ’¡$b ahr h¡, Š¶m|{H$ n¶©Q>Z go Hw$N> bmoJm| Zo ~hþV n¡g H$‘m {b¶m h¡ {OgHo$ H$maU Am{W©H$ Ag‘mZVm, AmH«$mof Am¡a PJ‹S>o ~‹T> aho h¢& joÌ Ho$ b½µOar [aµOm¡Q>m}§ Ho$ H$maU ¶hm§ Ho$ Jm§dm| ‘| nmZr H$s H$‘r hmo JB© h¡ Š¶m|{H$ BZ [aµOm¡Q>m|©§ ‘| ~hþV µÁ¶mXm nmZr H$m Cn¶moJ hmoVm h¡ (http://www.sanctuaryasia.com/magazines/cover-

story/10094-tourists-from-the-dark-side.html)&

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Am{W©H$ gh¶moJ : {‘Oo[aAmoa, AmMod, O‘©Zr

{ZOr {dVaU Ho$ {b¶o àH$m{eV {df¶dñVw (Printed matter)

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g‘wXm¶ AmYm[aV O¡d{d{dYVm g§ajU VWm AmOr{dH$m gwajm · g‘wXm¶ d g§ajU A§H$ , Z§. 2-3 OyZ 21 - ‘B© 21 3 1. H$hm{Z¶m§ n¶m©daU H$s amOZr{V Am¡a AmOr{dH$m H$s b‹S>mB©