gazeT ,,menoras“ redaqcia guliTadad gilocavT kvlav gvewvia … · 2016-12-12 · biznesmeni da filantrofi mixeil mirilaSvili gaxda Jurnal `top _ 100“ mecamete gamoS-vebis gmiri

damoukidebeli ebrauli gazeTi saqarTveloSi

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dekemberiqislevi#12 (423)(5777)2016

ikiTxeT gazeT `menoras~ eleqtronuli versia veb misamarTze WWW.MENORA.GE

gazeT ,,menoras“ redaqcia guliTadad gilocavT _ kvlav gvewvia xanuqis dResaswauli!

rogor aRiniSneboda xanuqis dResaswauli bolo wlebis saqarTveloSi.

donald trampi israelis dedaqalaqad ierusalimis aRiarebas apirebssaCxeris beiT qneseTi ebraelobas daubrunda.qarTveli ebraeli biznesmenisa da filantropis _ mixeil mirilaSvilis kidev erTi aRiareba Zarcva beiT qneseTSi

am statiaSi drodadro waawydebiT sityvas ,,kongenialuri“ _ rogor afasebs ve-fxistyaosnis ebraul _ boris gaponoviseul _ Targmans didebuli qarTveli mec-nieri, bibliologi zurab kiknaZe

premier-ministris meuRlis policiaSi dakiTxva 11 saaTi grZeldeboda.aSS-Si palestinis avtonomias asamarTleben,. israelSi qarTveli `devnilebi“ momravldnen,israelis yofil mTavar rabins bralad sdeben, rom...

rabi aharon mdinaraZis sakvirao sakiTxavis komentari. medvedevis quCas ramalahSi ra unda?ruseTis ebraelTa kongresis prezidenti cdilobs antisemiti Jurnalisti swor

gzaze daayenos.

gaecaniT òlami jorjias~ saiubileo RonisZiebebskote marjaniSvilis Teatri 19 da 20 dekembers Tel-avivis prestiJul _ kameru-

li Teatris festivalze Solom aleixemisa da guram baTiaSvilis nawarmoebebs le-van wulaZiseuli warmtaci interpretaciiT, vaxtang kaxiZis musikaluri gaazrebiT da Cinebuli aqtioruli SesrulebiT TamaSobs.

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dRes nomerSia:

2 m e n o r a dekemberi (qislevi) №12, 2016 w.

2 4 - 3 1 d e k e m b e r ixanuqa _ sinaTlis dResaswauli

mogilocavT, mravals daswrebodeT!

b o l o w l e b i s

s a q a r T v e l o S i

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3m e n o r adekemberi (qislevi) №12, 2016 w.

Z a r c v agoris beiT qneseTidan moipares ramdenime seferTora. seferToris aron ha kideSidan

gaqroba aRmoaCines 1 dekembers, xuTSabaT diliT, roca jamaaTi salocavad Seikriba. ve-ravin ambobs, Tu rodis moxda qurdoba radgan SabaTis _ 26 noembris Semdeg beiT qneseTi daketili gaxldaT.

dakarguli sefer, Torebis erTi nawili mogvianebiT ipoves iqve sinagogasTan axlos _ seferTorebi dazianebuli iyo. policiam aRZra sisxlis samarTlis saqme. es danaSauli is-jeba 3-5 wlamde Tavisuflebis aRkveTiT.

israelis qneseTis deputati qsenia svetlova (`sionisturi banaki“)erTob mkacrad gamoexmaura sinagogasTan dakavSirebul incidents, romelic mas adre mounaxulebia:

_ es Zalian saSiSi precedentia, romelsac Cven, ebraulma saxelmwifom gadaudeblad unda mivaqcioT yuradReba _ manam sanam es maxinji movlena gaxSirdeba. saqarTvelo is-raelis erTob megobruli saxelmwifoa, amitom is, rac moxda, Zalian sagangaSoa. saqarT-velo saukuneebis ganmavlobaSi cnobilia, tolerantulobiT, ebraul TemTan mWidro urTierTobiT. mivmarTav saqarTvelos xelisuflebas, israelis elCs saqarTveloSi, dauyonebliv Caerion saqmeSi, monaxon da dasajon am vandaluri aqtis monawileni da mka-crad dagmon sinagogaze Tavdasxma _ saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi, mTel qveyanaSi gaaZlieron ebrauli obieqtebis dacva.

mixeil mirilaSvili _ wlis saukeTeso inovatoribiznesmeni da filantrofi mixeil mirilaSvili gaxda Jurnal `top _ 100“ mecamete gamoS-

vebis gmiri. am Jurnals scems gazeT `delovoi peterburgis“ redaqcia da mkiTxvels uambobs im peterburgelebze, `romlebmac xelidan ar gauSves TavianTi SesaZlebloba.“ mix. mirilaS-vilma miiRo `wlis saukeTeso inovatoris“ wodeba. `gonivruli inovaciebisa da saTamaSo bi-znesSi IT proeqtebis gamoyenebiT Tavisi qonebis gadarCenisa da gamravlebisaTvis.“ biznes-menisa da filantropis fotosuraTi Jurnalis garekanzea moTavsebuli. Jurnalis garekanze Tqven xedavT adamians, romelmac gasuli saukunis feTqebadsaSiS 90-ian wlebSi, saTamaSo bi-znesi wamoiwyo, axla ki eweva warmatebul investiciebs maRalteqnologiur kompaniebSi sakom-piutero TamaSebiT dawyebuli haeridan wylis mwarmoebeli generatorebis gamoSvebiT dam-Tavrebuli. mix. mirilaSvili im mcirericxovan peterburgel biznesmenTa rigs miekuTvneba, romelTac internetiT didi Semosavali miiRes.

mimdinare wels mix. mirilaSvili meore adgilze moxvda yvelaze mdidar peterburgel bi-znesmenTa Soris. 2015 wels `delovoi peterburgis“ mier Sedgenil miliarderTa reitingSi mix. mirilaSvili meeqvse adgilze iyo. wels Tavisi qoneba swored gonivruli investiciebis meoxebiT, 2.5-jer gazarda. eqspertTa mier ruseTSi, israelSi, aRmosavleT evropaSi, afri-kasa da aSS-Si misi ojaxis aqtivebi 229.3 miliard maneTad (3.5 miliardi dolari) aris Sefasebuli.

beiT qneseTi ebraelobas daubrundasaCxereSi didZali ebraeloba xcovrobda. am qalaqis ebraeloba cnobili gaxldaT

rogorc mSromeli, muyaiTi, rwmenisadmi erTgulebiT aRvsili sakrebulo. erT dros am qalaqis ebraeloba saqarTvelos ebraelobis Zvirfas Tvals warmoadgenda.

wavidnen, istoriul samSoblos miaSures. beiT qneseTi (sinagoga) dacarielda. ax-laxans ki saqarTvelos religiis sakiTxTa saxelmwifo saagentom beT qneseTi ebraul Tems gadasca.

aseTi gadawyvetileba iqna miRebuli saagentos sarekomendacio komisiis mier. es komisia Seiswavlis religiur gaerTianebaTa qonebriv da safinanso sakiTxebs.

komisiis wevrebi gaxlavan da gadawyvetilebis miRebaSi monawileobdnen: saqarT-velos marTlmadidebeli da somxuri samociqulo eklesiis, muslimuri da iudaisturi Temis warmomadgenlebi.

religiis sakiTxTa saxelmwifo saagentos informaciiT, saqarTveloSi arsebuli 19 sinagogidan 17 ukve gadaeca ebraul Tems, amaTgan umetesobas kulturis Zeglis sta-tusi aqvs mikuTvnebuli.

donald tarmpis feisbukze gamoCnda cnoba... rogorc Cvens mkiTxvelebs ukve vauwyebdiT, 13 oqtombers iuneskoSi gaimarTa

ebviptisa da palestinis avtonomiis mier Setanili antisraeluri rezoluciis kenWisyra, romlis mixedviTac ebraelebs Turme ara-ra kavSiri ara aqvT taZris mTasTan. imasac viuwyebodiT, rom rezolucias mxari ar dauWira eqvsma saxelm-wifom--aSS-m, didma britaneTma, litvam, niderlandebma, germaniam da estoneTma, xolo iuneskos aRmasrulebeli komitetis wevri 58 saxelmwifodan ocdaoTxma miiCnia, rom ebraelobas Turme ara-ra kavSiri ara aqvs taZris mTasTan da igi muslimuri Zeglia.eseni arian: alJiro, maroko, omani, katari,ruseTi da sxv. aR-maskomis wevrma 28 saxelmwifom kenWisyrisas Tavi Seikava, an kenWisyraze saer-Tod ar gamocxadda.

dekembris damdegs donald trampis feisbukze gamoCnda Semdegi cnoba: _ me araerTgzis ganmicxadebia, rom amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis xelmZR-

vaneli Tu viqnebi, SeerTebuli Statebi ierusalims aRiarebs erTiani da ganuy-ofeli israelis namdvil dedaqalaqad.

gaerTianebuli erebis organizaciis (iunesko gaeros struqturaa.red.) ZiZgi-laoba israelisagan ganacalkevos ierusalimi gaxlavT calmxrivi mcdeloba arad Caagdo ebraeli xalxis dedaqalaqis 300 wlovani istoria, aseve gaeros

didi antiisraeluri winaswarganzraxulobis damadasturebeli faqti..ierusalimi ebraeli xalxis maradiuli dedaqalaqia. Cveni qveynis kongresis wevrTa didma umetesobam mxari dauWira imas, rom ierusalimi

swored aseT statusSi vcnoT.imasac davsZen, rom obamas administraciam ar isurva yuradReba gaemaxvlebina am sakiTxze _ imaze, rom ierusalimi da israeli erTiania.

amaswinaT obamas israelSi stumrobisas, man araferi Tqva amis Taobaze. es gaxlavT kapitulacia israelis mtrebis winaSe. obamas ewada pativi miego israelis yofili prezidentis xsovnisaTvis, sinamdvileSi es aris Simon peresis xsovnis Seuracxyofa.

cursorinfo.co.il

1938 wlis 9 noembris Rames nacistebma moawyes masiuri ebrauli po-gromi, romelsac mogvianebiT `brolis Rame“ ewoda. im Rames daxoces 90-ze meti ebraeli,xanZari gauCines 200 sinagogas, daangries da gaZ-arcves ebraelebis asobiT bina da maRziebi, ramdenime dReSi 30 aTasi ebraeli sakoncentracio banakebSi gagzavnes.

9 noembers, roca mTel msoflioSi aRiniSneboda `brolis Ramis“

78-e wlisTavi, romelic faqtiurad holokostis dasawyisad iTvle-ba, germanelma neonacistebma socialur qselSi gamoaqveynes ruqa. am ruqaze aRniSnulia 70 ebrauli dawesebulebis adgilsamyofeli: sina-gogebi, skolebi, restornebi, sasaflaoebi.

ruqas wamZRvarebuli hqonda Semdegi teqsti: èbraelebi Cvens So-ris arian. dRes mSvenieri dRea“.

`brolis RamesTan“ dakavSirebiT...


xolo rac Seexeba rusTvelurs RmerTo erTo _ am ori qarTuli sityvis TanaJRera TiTqos ma-terialuradac asaxavs azrobriv kavSirs uzen-aesi arsebis saxelsa da mis upirveles epiTets Soris.

„Sen Sehqmen“ _ Tavkiduri aliteraciiT Sek-ruli ori sityva TargmanSi zust leqsikur Ses-atyviss poulobs: aTTa ჲacarTa, xolo aliter-aciaSi aq bolokiduri marcvlebi monawileobs. am sityvebiT iwyeba Targmnili taepi da maTi kadansebi bgerobrivad imeorebs originalis da-sawyisi sityvebis daboloebebs: RmerTo erTo. aqve unda aRiniSnos, rom ebrauli ჲacarTa („ga-mosaxe“, „gamoZerwe“) ufro zustad gamosaxavs am taepSi nagulisxmev azrs, vidre dedniseuli „Sehqmen“. Zveli aRTqmis wignebis ena ganarCevs orgvar „Seqmnas“ _ Seqmnas araraobidan (cre-atio ex nihilo) da Seqmnas ukve qmnilisagan anu gaformebas (formare) qmnilisas. ჲacarTa am ukanasknel aqts gulisxmobs, rogorc naTqvamia fizikuri adamis Seqmnis gamo: va ჲicer ჲahve elohim eT ha-adam yaфar min ha-adama „da gamo-saxa ufalma RmerTma kaci miwis mtverisagan“ (dab. 2:7) .

Tu mivayuradebT xmovanebas am taepisas, mogvesmeba samjeradi gameoreba erTi da imave Zirisa: ჲacarTa qol-cura ha-mictaჲereT, rac qarTulad sityvasityviT niSnavs: „Sen gamo-saxe saxe yoveli gamosaxulisa“. es rusTave-lis kongenialuri striqonia WeSmaritad. amave dros igi avlens ebrauli poeziis saukeTeso tradiciebs . Tu SevecdebiT analogi movuZeb-noT am striqons vefxistyaosnis dedanSi, umal gagvaxsendeba „man uTxra: saxe ra giTxra mis usaxosa saxisa“ (896,1).

car, cur, mi-ctaჲer _ erTi aliteraciuli dinebaa, magram am taepSi da mis kvalze mTels strofSi sxva bgerac dominirebs (T), romlis im-pulsi strofis dasawyiss sityvebSia mocemuli: aTTa ჲacarTa. egeve bgera gaismis am Sairis en-ergiul kadansebSi _ ereT, ereT, ereT, ereT. amis gavleniT meore taepi imave bgeriT iwyeba da mTels manZilze ar Sordeba mas:

Ten li yoz ve TayacomeT yal ha-ჲecer miT-gabereT.

Sen damifare, Zleva mec daTrgunvad me sa-tanisa.

mkiTxveli advilad SeniSnavs TanaJReras: Ta-yacomeT _ Zleva mec, magram aq sxva ramec aris aRsaniSnavi: taepis pirveli xana fsalmunTa erTi adgilis reminiscenciaa: noTen yaz ve-Tay acumoT (68:36). „ufali, momcemi Zalisa da simt-kicisa“. rogorc vxedavT, bibliuri fraza odnav modificirebulia da damorCilebulia taepis tonikasa da evfonias (cezura modis marcvalze omeT, rac exmianeba taepis kadanss _ ereT da TiTqos eriTmeba kidec. fsalmuniseuli Tay-acumoT disonanss Seitanda striqonSi. mis nacv-lad ikiTxeba: Ten sirTa vegevurali, romelic sityvierad TiTqos axlos aris dedanTan (momec mfarveloba da Zleva), magram amovardnilia ta-epis evfoniidan.

meore xanaSi am taepisa „daTrgunvad me sa-tanisa“ nacvlad sityvisa „satana“ (raic war-moSobiT ebraulia: satan) zis ჲecer, romelic ukanasknelad kidev gvaxsenebs pirveli ta-epis aliteraciul JReras (ჲacarTa, cura mictaჲereT. amas emateba meore taepis Taya-comeT). erTi mxriv, amis gamo iqna mTargmne-lis mier uaryofili Zireuli ebrauli sityva satan; meore mxriv, ჲecer am konteqstSi mniS-vnelovan niuanss Seicavs: igi niSnavs „survils“, „cTunebas“ _ is, rac dedanSi satanis saxiT aris warmodgenili, Targmanis mixedviT adamianis bunebaSi Zevs, misi Sinagani SesaZleblobaa da adamianis ZaliTve unda daiTrgunos. am mxriv satana da (avi) survili zneobriv planSi erT-maneTis sinonimebia. egeve sityva Segvxvdeba TargmanSi 809-e strofisa: „momec daTmoba sur-vilTa...“ (anu satanur, macTunebel survilTa).

mesame taepSi „momec mijnurTa survili, sikvdimde gasatanisa“ fax-bi ahava nilheveT yad xaliфaTi boyereT _ Cndeba axali aliteraci-uli wyvili ahava nilheveT (amave dros grZel-deba pirveli taepidan daZruli Tan-is dineba). „aalebuli siyvaruli“, rac gagvaxsenebs cno-bil adgils qebaTa qebidan: „saxmili misi (si-

yvarulis) _ saxmili cecxlisa; ali (SalheveT) RvTiuri“ (8:9) . mesame taepi ebraul TargmanSi aseTi Sinaarsisaa: „STambere siyvaruli aale-buli, sikvdilamde rom enTos“.

meoTxe taepi „codvaTa Semsubuqeba mun Tana wasatanisa“ zedmiwevniTi sizustiT aris na-Targmni da raime ganmartebas ar moiTxovs. unda aRiniSnos mxolod, rom am striqonSi kulmina-cias aRwevs Tan-ze agebuli aliteracia da amave dros Semodis kidev ori wyvili: xata’a xataTa da Se-iTi le-Sam. axla mTlianobaSi aRviqvaT es Sairi, rogorc kongenialuri Targmanis nimuSi:

el ჲaxid aTa ჲacarTa / qol-cura ha-mictaჲereT,

Ten-li yoz ve TayacomeT / yal ha-ჲecer miT-gabereT,

fax bi ahava nilheveT / yad xaliфaTi boyer-eT,

sa eT-xata’a xataTa, / Se-iTi le-Sam yovereT.

raki mijnurobas SevexeT zemoT, aqve unda movitanoT Rrma Targmanebis anu interpre-taciis magaliTi, roca TargmanSi ufro mkve-Trad da mniSvnelovnad aris gamoxatuli azri, romelic mTeli poemis paToss Seadgens. erTi SexedviT ordinaruli fraza, sadac TiTqos arc mJRavndeba poetis msoflmxedveloba _ „gulsa missa mijnuroba misi hqonda damalulad“ (41, 1) _ TargmanSi sakraluri azriT itvirTeba da, rogorc davinaxavT, savsebiT Seesabameba mijnu-robis rusTveliseul gagebas:

va iSmor eT-zoT be-seTer! levavo va ჲekadeS.

rac niSnavs: „da imarxavda mas idumalad Ta-vis gulSi da wmidad racxda“. zmna ჲekadeS (kdS _ yvela semitur enaSi dadasturebuli Ziri) sakraluri sityvaridan aris moxmobili da iseT sulier da fizikur moqmedebas gamoxatavs, rom-lis wyalobiTac raime cneba an sagani siwmides iZens, biwierebisagan iwmideba. igi obieqtad gu-lisxmobs RvTis saxels (meore rj. 32:51), SabaTs (gam. 20:8), adgils (gam. 19:23) calkeul adamians an mTel ers (mag. „gardamovida mose mTiT erisa mis da ganwmidna igini“, gam. 19:14).

Zvel aRTqmaSi ganwmedili upirispirdeba yovelgvar sayovelTaos, yoveldRiurs anu vulgaruls (xol), iseve rogorc Cvens poemaSi mijnuroba upirispirdeba siZvas („igi sxvaa, siZva sxvaa, Sua uzis didi zRvari“). biwisagan amgvarad ganwmedili siyvaruli hbaZavs mijnu-robis im saxes, romlis gamo rusTaveli ambobs: „vTqva mijnuroba pirveli da tomi gvarTa ze-naTa“; da aqac, ebraul TargmanSi, amovikiTxavT imave Ziris (kdS) sityvas: ahava, reSeT qol-dere nexceva mikodeS mayla, rac niSnavs: „siyvaruli, sawyisi yoveli zneobisa gamokveTilia, uzenaesi siwmindis (kodeS) mier“. swored amitomaa mijnu-roba „saqme sazeo“, romelsac, rusTvelisave TqmiT, „Wkvianni ver mixvdebian“.

axla vnaxoT, rogor aris gaazrebuli is striqoni, sadac rusTaveli „mijnuris“ etimo-logias gvamcnobs, razec „mijnurobis“ koncef-cias afuZnebs:

mijnuri Smagsa gviqvian arabuliTa eniTa. sxva mTargmnelTagan (nucubiZe, zabolocki,

wulaZe) gansxvavebiT, romelnic Targmanis te-qstSi ucvlelad stoveben qarTul sityvas „mijnurs“, da amrigad, bukvalur gzas adganan, gaponovi sakuTari enis wiaRSi poulobs saSu-alebas, rom adekvaturad gamohxatos am striqo-nis azri. raki uarhyo ebraulisTvis ucxo sityva „mijnuri“, aRarc „arabuli ena“ dasWirvebia; man bibliis teqstSi miagno saWiro „etimologias“:

meohav nikra mikedem meSugay ve iS ha-ruax.

rac ukuiTargmneba: „mijnurs (meohav) Zvel-Taganve ewoda gaxelebuli da sulis kaci“. aq gaxazuli sityvebi ebraul TargmanSi brWyaleb-Sia Casmuli, raki isini nasesxebia Zveli aRTqmis teqstidan, saxeldobr, osias winaswarmetyve-lis wignidan (9:7): evil ha-nabi, meSugay iS ha-ruax e. i. „SeSlili iyo winaswarmetyveli, xeli iyo sulis kaci?“ am sityvebiT osia winaswarme-tyveli ironiulad amxels gareSeTa (profanTa)

Sexedulebas winaswarmetyvelebaze. maT TvalSi isini marTlac xelni da SeSlilni Candnen, raki RvTiuri suliT iyvnen Sepyrobilni (rogorc mijnurni „jiniT“) da ar hgavdnen Cveulebriv mokvdavT. aris marTlac Sinagani msgavseba mi-jnursa da Zveli aRTqmis winaswarmetyvels So-ris (maTive msgavsia ZvelberZenTa mantisi, Rv-Taebrivi sigiJiT Sepyrobili misani), rac maTs garegan siSmagesa da Sinagan sibrZneSi cxaddeba. xolo rac Seexeba zenaTa gvarTa tomis mijnu-robas, aq unda gavixsenoT erTi adgili axali aRTqmidan: „SeudeqiT siyvarulsa da hbaZav-deT suliersa mas, ufroisRa, raTa swinaswarm-etyvelebdeT“ (1 kor. 14:1) rusTavelis mijnuri marTlac aris iS haruax „kaci sulisa“, romelsac aqvs saRmrTo siaxle da mudam aRmafreniT daS-vrebis. ara hgavs igi im „WkvianT“, romelTa gamo naTqvamia, rom isini ver eziarebian pirvel da uzenaes gvarTa tomis mijnurobas, raki es saRv-To saqmea, iseve rogorc winaswarmetyveleba.

„mze aRar mzeobs CvenTana, dari ar darobs darulad“ (820:4) _ es striqoni rusTveluri aliteraciis saqrestomaTio nimuSia. alit-eracia aq semantikur-etimologiuri bunebi-saa. amave dros es gamonaTqvami _ „mze mzeobs“ asaxavs im ontologiur realobas, rom movlena (mze an dari) mudmiv asxivebs Tavis bunebriv sub-stancias, naTels. amis analogiurad gramatiku-li subieqti _ mze _ ar saWiroebs sxva Ziridan warmomaval Semasmenels; igi mis sakuTarsave materiaSia mocemuli. mze mzeobs, dari darobs _ aq gamoxatulia movlenaTa ucvleli bunebis mimarT rwmena. mze ar moiSlis mzeobas, mudam igiveobrivia Tavis TavTan. igi pirobisamebr ga-naxldeba yovel diliT, rogorc ambobs poeti, samyaros wesrigir mimarT moimede: Как обещало, не обманывая проникло солнце утром рано... roca raime movlena dasabamiT dadgenil bunebas icv-lis, roca mze aRar mzeobs, Tavisi substanciisa-gan iSriteba, adamians eufleba usasoobis ganc-da. rusTavelis gmiris mTeli arseba aRvsilia am gancdiT, roca gaiazrebs, rom „dilasa adre“ aRar mova „igi nazardi sosani“, avTandili, pir-mze spaspeti. usasoobaSi mTlianad danTqmuli individis sulieri mdgomareobis gamoZaxilia es aliteraciuli fraza, romlis Sesatyvisad ebraul TargmanSi vkiTxulobT:

Samemu Seme Samenu, / lo ჲazriax ha-zoreax!

es niSnavs: „gaudaburdnen (gaukacrieldnen) cani CvenTa caTana, manaTobeli aRar anaTebs“. pirveli sityva dadasturebulia Zveli aRTq-mis erT apokalipsur frazaSi, sadac dasaxulia Semzaravi perspeqtiva miwis piris ganadgurebi-sa, winaswarmetyvelis piriT rom ganecxadeba xalxs: ve naTaTi eT-ha-arec Semama u-meSama... veSamemu hare israel... (ezek. 33:28). aqac vak-virdebiT etimologiur-semantikur alitera-cias, rac sxva enaSi ausaxvelia: „da mivscne qvey-ana oxrad da warwymedad... da mooxrdnen mTani israelisani“.

bgeriTi agebulebisa da dedanTan mimarTebis TvalsazrisiT es ebrauli striqoni mxatvru-li adekvaturobis klasikur nimuSad SeiZleba

vefxistyaosnis ebrauli Targmani zurab kiknaZe

SoTa rusTavelis dabadebis 850-wlisTavisaTvis

(dasasruli. dasawyisi ix. `m~ #11)


CaiTvalos. masSi daculia dedniseuli saalit-eracio kompozicia: frazas „dari ar darobs darulad“ Seesabameba Samemu Seme Samenu, sami TanaJReri sityva. iyo sacTuri meoTxe saalit-eracio sityvis gaCenisa _ SemeS („mze“), rac taepis azrisaTvis ar iqneboda moulodneli, magram im SemTxvevaSi dairRveoda taepis bger-iTi struqtura, sadac erTaderTi SesaZlebeli fraza unda yofiliyo da aris kidec: lo ჲazriax ha-zoreax, rac zusti materialur-Sinaarso-brivi Sesatyvisia frazisa „mze aRar mzeobs“.

bednier SemTxvevas unda mieweros is garemoe-ba, rom ebraul enaSi sityvebi „viwro“ da „klde“ TanaJReradi sityvebia. bednieria es damTx-veva imis gamo, rom orive es sityva erTimeoris gverdiT gvxvdeba rusTavelis genialur afor-izmSi „ver daiWiravs sikvdilsa gza viwro, ver-ca kldovani“. am taepis evfoniur mxares aRar Sevexebi, igi yvelasaTvis cxadia, aseve cxadi unda iyos ebrauli Targmanis bgeriTi struq-tura:

lo yaxsom beyad ha-maveT / qol mecar ve cur va faxaT.

aq yuradReba unda mivaqcioT bgeriT TanJRe-ras originalsa da Targmans Soris: viwro, verca _ mecar ve cur, agreTve kadanss faxaT „ormo“, „mTxrebli“ (Targmanis mixedviT „ver daiWiravs sikvdilsa gza viwro, verca kldovani“ da verca mTxrebli), romelsac momdevno taepSi eriTmeba faxad („SiSi“), xolo orive es sityva erTad gvx-vdeba magiur mawyevar daZaxilSi faxad va-faxaT va-fax yalexa ჲoS ev ha-arec (esaia 24:17): „SiSi, mTxrebli da saTxeveli mogelis, mkvidro miwi-sa!“.

aris SemTxveva, roca dedniseuli erTi sityva dabadebs bibliur reminiscencias da mTels idi-omas wamoiyolebs Tan. mag., strofSi „TinaTin _ misi saxeli, ars ese sacodnaria“, xsenebuli sityva „saxeli“ ebr. Sem, mTargmnelisaTvis im-pulss iZleva imisaTvis, raTa moxmobil iqnes TinaTinis garegnuli portretis asagebad cno-bili fraza qebaTa-qebidan, sadac sityva Sem bunebrivad iwvevs sityvas Semen (zeTi, nelsacxe-beli): Semen Turay Semexa „daRvrili nelsacxe-belia saxeli Seni“ (q. q. 1:3). TargmanSi: TinaTin Semah qa-Semen ve-qanoфeT ha-novayaT, rac niSnavs „TinaTin _ saxeli misi viTarca nelsacxebeli da Tafli mwTolvare“. meore nawili am frazisa agreTve gamoZaxilia gamoTqmisa imave qebaTa-qebidan: noфeT Titofna sif ToTaix, qala, rac niSnavs: „Tafli damoswveTs bageTa SenTa, sZa-lo“ (4:11). Sem (saxeli) da Semen (nelsacxebeli), rogorc TanaJReradi sityvebi kidev qmnian sxva frazas, amjerad negatiuri Sedarebisas: Sem tob mi-Semen tob, rac niSnavs „saxeli umjobesia, vi-dre saukeTeso nelsacxebeli“ (ekles. 7:1). es aforizmi sruliad moulodnel adgilas aris gamoyenebuli mTargmnelis mier, saxeldobr, striqonSi: „vah, Cemi Tavi uebro davkarge dava-SaviTa“ (763, 4) _ sogratis sityvebSi, odes man rostevanis risxva daimsaxura. TargmanSi vkiTx-ulobT: hoჲ Semi ha-toф mi-Semen...“ „hoi, saxeli Cemi nelsacxebelze umjobesi...“

Targmanis calkeuli adgilebi mkveTrad ga-moavlenen poemis gmirebis RvTaebriv atrib-utebs. rostevanis daZaxilSi gaparuli avTandi-lis gamo „sad wahxe da sad dahkargen sinaTlisa ege svetni“ (821, 4) xazgasmuli sityvebi igivea, rac „sveti cecxlisa“, romelic Ram-RamobiT miuZRoda win egviptidan gamomaval ebraelTa toms (gamo. 13:21-22). cecxlis sveti RvTis epi-faniis erTi saxea, misi munmyofobis niSani. ze-moT moyvanil striqonSi ki avTandilia wyaro am madlisa, raic moniWebia mas „misTa mWvretelTa“ saimedod da gasaxarad. mkiTxvelisaTvis, visT-visac kargad aris cnobili bibliuri saswauli „cecxlis svetisa“ (yamud ha-eS), gansakuTrebiT sagrZnobi unda iyos rostevanis sasowarkveTa avTandilTan ganSorebis gamo, es striqoni sa-magaliTo sizustiT aris naTargmni: „sad waxvel, rad damale sveti cecxlisa TvalTagan CemTa?!“ sxva adgilas yamud eS ukve zegardmo Camosuli naTelia, romelic poemis sam gmirs efineba: „maT samTa gmirTa mnaTobni hfarven naTlisa sve-tiTa“ (1409, 2). naTlis sveti _ yamud eS _ maTi araamqveyniuri auraa.

msgavsadve mniSvnelovnad JRers ebraul te-qstSi RrmadqarTuli koloritis epiTetebi, rogoricaa, kerZod, „pirmze“, rac arsebiTad avlens poemis gmirebis RvTiur warmomavlobas. amas Seesatyviseba wminda semituri gamoTqma ben ha-SemeS, sityvasityviT „Ze mzisa“, rac niSnavs „mziurs“ anu „mzesTan wilnayars“. roca epiTe-ti qals miewereba _ baT ha-SemeS „mzis asuli“ (nestani, 1143, 1) an baT ha-xeres, rac igives niS-navs (xeres_ „mze“ poetur enaSi). aseve nestanis mimarT „qali pir-mze“ Zaldautanebliv iTargm-neba rogorc yalmaT ha-SemeS _ „mzis qalwuli“ (1190, 2). gansakuTrebiT aRsaniSnavia TinaTinis

epiTeti striqonSi „mixval, dagxvdebis Tina-Tin, anaTebs dResa mziansa“ (191, 2): dedniseuli metafora TargmanSi kvlav mniSvnelovan epiTe-tad SenivTdeba baT ha-zohar _ „asuli naTli-sa“, raic Cveulebrivi titulia mociqulebisa an RvTis rCeulTa, qristianTa: „rameTu Tqven yovelni Svilni naTlisani xarT da Svilni dRi-sani, da ara varT Ramisani, arc bnelisani“ (ase miuwers mociquli pavle pirvel qristianeT, 1 Tes. 5:5).

sawuTros bnelSi manaTobeli es saxeni TiTqos adastureben, rom poemis avtors mxedveloba-Si hqonda ganRmrToebis (Teozisis) idea, raic qristianuli Tvalsazrisis mixedviT (pavle mo-ciquli, dionise areopageli) unda ganxorciel-des kacebriv bunebaSi. es saxeni winaswar asad-gureben am grandiozul momavals _ xorcieli adamianisa da qveynis feriscvalebas. es gansa-kuTrebiT mkveTrad aris warmoCenili ebraul teqstSi, sadac poemis gmirTa portretis dasax-atad RvTaebrivi atributebia moxmobili. Zveli aRTqmis personaJTa Soris erTaderTi winas-warmetyveli mose miiRebs amgvar saxes sinas mTaze RmerTTan laparakis Semdeg: karan yor fa-nav „didebul (anu brwyinvale) iyo feri pirisa misisa“ (gam. 34:29) . bibliur apokrifebSi moses Tan sdevs es uCveulo „usxeulo“ naTeli. rode-sac mose, naTqvamia iq, xorebidan (igive sina) Camovida, igi dafaruli iyo uxilavi naTeliT... misi piris naTelma dahfara naTeli mzisa da mT-varisa“. aseTive Zalisaa poemis gmirTa saxidan gamosxivebuli naTeli, romelic Zlevs mnaTo-bTa fizikur naTels: „mze veRaras iqms mis met-sa, mas gaenaTla rom are“ (nestani, 555, ); „arca mze hgvanda, arc mTvare, xe alva, edems xebuli“ (nestani, 522, 2), „ra mWvretelTa igi naxon, mze maT Tana gaaflidon (avTandili da fridoni, 988, 3). magram Tu amgvari saxiT gamocxadebuli moses xilvam xalxi SeaZrwuna da igi iZulebuli gaxda ride Camoefarebina saxeze, rusTavelis gmirTa zebunebrivi naTeli esTeturi tkbobis, sixarulisa da imedis wyaroa. ase mTels poemaSi da es gasagebicaa. rusTavelis samyaro mSvenieri fenomenia swored imis gamo, rom igi amgvari Suq-iT aris ganaTebuli.

poemis gmirTa rCeulobis kidev erTi dadas-turebaa, rom isini ixsenebian viTarca „edemis xe“, „edems nazardi alva“ da sxv. Tumca SeiZleba mkiTxvels moeCvenos, rom amgvari metaforebi mxolod da mxolod maT garegnobaze miuTiTeb-des, magram mas ufro Rrma mniSvneloba unda mieniWos: am metaforaTa wiaR adamianTa gan-sakuTrebuli modgma aris saxilveli. poemaSi warmodgenili simbolo adamianisa _ xe, upi-ratesad alva, aris ara velurad da SemTxveviT adgilze gazrdili ram mcenare, aramed saukeTe-so adgilze danergili da zegardmo gansa-kuTrebuli zrunviT nazardi nergi. masSi unda davinaxoT simbolo gamorCeuli xalxisa da indi-vidTa, rogorc naTqvamia fsalmunSi (1:3): „iyos igi viTarca xe, danerguli Tana-warsadinelsa wyalTasa, romelman gamosces xili Tvisi Jamsa Tvissa da furceli misi ara dascvivis, yovelive raica yos, waremarTos mas“. aseve poemaSi „vpove xe, tani alvisa, sofliTa wyalTa rwyulisa“ (696, 3) _ alva tarielia, msoflio wyalTa esenciiT morwyuli, da poemis finali gagvicxadebs, Tu rogor waremarTvis mas. es metafora Zalian Zvelia. mas pirvel werilobiT poeziamde mivya-varT. misi fesvi Sumerul sakulto himnografi-aSia gadgmuli: „rCeulo kedaro, samkaulo taZ-ris ezoisav...“ (asea Seqebuli ur-ninurTa, isinis dinastiis gaRmerTebuli mefe). STambeWdavia am metaforis gamZleoba saukuneTa wiaR, igi mniSvnelovani elementia saerTod qristianul (formaluri TvalsazrisiT Tu ganvixilavT mas) da Cveni poemis poetikaSi. „viTarca nergni edemisani orZian...“ vkiTxulobT erT himnSi wminda mamaTa mimarT. „edemis nergi“, mokvdavze naTqvami, sruliad cxadad unda gulisxmobdes samoTxeSi damkvidrebul (metaforulad „dar-gul“) adams, jereT ucodvels, vis bunebasTanac Tanaziarni arian zemoT moyvanil nawyvetSi Se-qebulni wmidanni. poemis gmirebic ziarni arian im pirvel da ukanasknel adamTan, romlis erTad-erTi samyofeli samoTxea anu edemi. maTSi aris raRac Sinagani simarTle da codvaTagan Seuxe-bloba. amas moaswavebs maT mimarT naTqvami „xeo, edems danergulo“, „edems rguli alva mWevri“, „edems nazardi alva“ da sxv. poemis manZilze xorcieldeba gza edems moSorebuli edemis nergis dabrunebisa Tavis bunebriv sayofelSi. amis gamo am kerZo adamianTa bedi miniaturulad imeorebs (Tu winaswar moaswavebs) grandiozul gzas kacobriobisas, qristianuli esqatologi-is mrwamsiT gaazrebuls. amas mowmobs tarielis moTqma nestanze: „vin mogkveTa, ara vici, xeo, edems danergulo!“ (309, 3). xolo 715-e strofis gaSlil metaforaSi cxadad gaismis samoTxidan gandevnili adamis moTqma: „vin uwin edems naz-ardi alva mrgo, momrwyo, maxia, / dRes sawuTro-

man laxvarsa mimca, danasa maxia, / dRes guli ce-cxlsa uSretsa dabmiT damiba maxia, / awya vcan, saqme soflisa zRaparia da Cmaxia!“ am moTqmaSi erTmaneTsaa gadaqsovili avTandilis piradi wvaleba da uedemo kacobriobis bedi. es meta-fora migvaniSnebs, rom samSoblodan gadakarg-va edemis sayovelTao dakargvis xatia. xolo sawuTro anu sofeli am konteqstSi satanasTan aris gaTanabrebuli, kacobriobis dasabamier mterTan, romelmac edemi waarTva adams. amas mowmobs striqoni „vai sawuTroo, sicruviT Tavi satanas adare“ (1213, 1). zemoT motanil strof-Si (715) sityvebi uwin da dRes adamis (anu kaco-briobis) or periodze migviTiTebs, rac poemis planSi avTandilis yofazea gadatanili, da amis gamo xsenebuli strofi ufro alegoriulia, vi-dre metaforuli. es garemoeba miT ufro unda aRiniSnos, rom TargmanSi Tumca SenarCunebu-lia dedniseuli metafora, magram igi alegori-ad veRar gaiazreba. TargmanSi moSlilia dedni-seuli dapirispireba RmerTsa, romelmac edemSi dargo alva, da sawuTros Soris, romelmac lax-vars misca nergi igi. aq orive aqti _ xis dargva edemSi da misi mokveTa sawuTros miewereba: „Sen sawuTrov damrgi xe edems, momrwye da nayofi ga-momaRebine, magram Senve mimec laxvarsa da max-viliT momWeri“, rac ar unda iyos swori .

samagierod, rogorc iTqva, rusTavelis meta-foruli sistema, rogorc aq, ise sxvagan mraval adgilas zedmiwevniTi sizustiT aris gadmot-anili. amave dros gaTvaliswinebulia erovnu-li poeturi tradicia. dedniseul alvas (ebr. beroS „kviparosi“), romelic rusTavelis mier samoTxis xed aris dasaxuli da, rogorc Cans, ZvelTaganve saswaulmoqmed xed iyo Seracxili („qarTlis moqcevis“ mixedviT wminda ninom mis-gan gamoaTlevina pirveli sami jvari sam mTaze aRsamarTavad), TargmanSi zogjer enacvleba ke-dari (erez) da finiki (Tamar), romelTa siwminde da rCeuloba mravalgzis aris dadasturebu-li Zveli aRTqmis wignebsa da Sua saukuneebis ebraul poeziaSi. oRond sagulisxmo isaa, rom TargmanSi es ori sityva diferencirebulad aris gamoyenebuli: kedari poemis mamrul, xolo finiki (romelic qalis saxelicaa _ Tamar) mde-drul gmirTa metaforad aris moxmobili (aseve navzikaes pirvelxilvisas odisevss apolonis sakurTxevelTan nazardi finikis xe agondeba. odisea VI, 162-168) .

vefxistyaosnis ebrauli Targmani mra-valmxriv aris sagulisxmo da mravali aspeqtiT Seswavlas moiTxovs. erTi mxarea am ori enisa da sityvier-kulturuli tradiciebis urT-ierTSeRwevis problema, risTvisac uxv masalas iZleva ebrauli teqsti. nawilobriv am mizans isaxavda winamdebare werilis avtori. am mxriv SeiZleboda yuradReba gamaxvilebuliyo Targ-manis „qarTulizmebze“, romelnic arc Tu mcire raodenobiT aRmoCndeboda, radgan gansveneb-uli boris gaponovi qarTuli enis Cinebuli mcodne da patrioti iyo. es codna da siyvaru-li Cveni enisa Sefarulad Tu cxadad asaxulia TargmanSi (magaliTisaTvis, iq SevxvdebiT wmin-da qarTul cnebebs, rogoricaa „sawuTro“, ebr. xeled ben regay _ „sofeli, Ze wuTisa“, anu „wu-Tieri“; an ჲom ha-Saxor _ „Savi dRe“ da sxv.)

meore mxriv, ebrauli teqsti originalis da-moukidebliv TavisTavadi movlenaa Tanadroul ebraul poeziaSi, rogorc ukve aRiniSna abram Slonskis sityvebiT. igi cxadyofs mTargmnelis araCveulebriv poetur talantsa da enobriv alRos. virtuozobamde asuli mxatvruli os-tatoba, sityvisadmi WeSmaritad rusTveluri damokidebuleba, rusTveluri daufleba enis stiqiisa, mSobliuri poeziis amomwuravi codna _ am Targmans dednis kongenialurs xdis.

boris gaponovi im moSaireTa ricxvs ekuTvnis, romelTa gvari Tavad rusTvelma gansazRvra _ „ar Seamoklos qarTuli, ara qmnas sityvamciro-ba, xelmarjved scemdes Cogansa, ixmaros didi gmiroba“. didi gmirobaa (ebraulad rom vTqvaT, gevura, rac gamarjvebasac niSnavs), WeSmaritad, boris-dov gaponovis Rvawli.

boris gaponovi


sara neTaniahus 11 saaTiani dakiTxvaisraelis mTavrobis meTauris biniamin neTaniahus meuRlis_sara

neTaniahus dakiTxva policiis ganyofileba `lahav_433“-Si 11 saaTi grZeldeboda. dakiTxvis mTavari Tema gaxldaT keisariaSi neTaniahus kerZo vilis sabiujeto saxsrebiT remonti.

policiaSvi gamoi-kiTxes eleqtrikos avi fexamis keisariis vilaze muSaoba da ierusalim-Si neTaniahus reziden-ciisaTvis Sesyiduli eleqtromowyobiloba, romelic rogorc eWvo-ben, neTaniahus keisariis vilaSi aRmoCnda.

am dakiTxvaze rogori reaqcia hqonda mTavrobis meTaurs? man ga-nacxada: ` vambobdiT da kvlavac vimeorebT: araferi ar iqneba, imitom rom araferi ar iyo“

israelSi qarTveli` devnilebi“ momravldnenisraelis Sinagan saqmeTa saministro amtkicebs rom israelSi

katastrofulad izrdeba saqarTvelodan im turistad CamosulTa ricxvi, romlebic am saxelmwifoSi TavSesafars Txouloben. am mxriv qarTvelebi lamis wamoewion im ukrainelebs, romlebic `maidans~ da oms gaurbian.rogorc ekonomikuri gamocema Themarket-i iuwyeba bolo xuTi wlis ganmavlobaSi saqarTvelodan Camosul turistTa raode-noba mkveTrad gaizarda_pirveli `devnilebi“ sami wlis winaT ga-moCndnen. gamocemas mohyavs sauwyebo statistika: 2013 wels devnilis statusi iTxova saqarTvelos oTxma moqalaqem, 2014 — 51 moqalaqem, 2015 _ Si saqarTvelos 703 moqalaqem. mimdinare wlis 31 oqtombramde ki 5505 moqalaqem.

Sinagan saqmeTa saministroSi aRniSnaven, rom saqarTvelodan da ukrainidan Casuli adamianebi devnilis statusis misaRebad gancxade-bas CasvlisTanave_meore dResve weren. ukrainelebi miuTiTeben, rom TavianTi samSoblodan omis gamo garbian, qarTvelebi ki acxadeben opoziciis mimarT represiebs gavurbivarTo. israelis saxelmwifoe-brivi biurokratia ki imdenad xangrZlivia, rom devnilis statusis mTxovnelis gancxadebis ganxilva SesaZloa wlebis ganmavlobaSi gagrZeldes. amitom mTxovnels droebiT eZleva muSaobis ufleba, raTa Tavi Seinaxos. saamSeneblo, sarestorano biznesSi ki muSaxelis naklebobaa. swored amis gamo etanebian israels `devnilebi“

israelis Sinagan saqmeTa saministrom ukve mimarTa iusticiis sa-ministros, rom Zalian kritikulad Seiswavlos yoveli mTxovnelis gancxadeba.

israeleli isak parlagaSvilis sportuli saCuqari saqarTvelos82 wlis isak parlagaSvili, romelic adre kalaTburTsa da xel-

burTSi sakavSiro kategoriis msaji iyo, israelidan, sadac riSon lecionSi cxovrobs, sagangebod ewvia saqarTvelos. misi Camosv-lis mizani gansakuTrebuli gaxldaT_ewada saqarTvelos sportis muzeumisaTvis gadaeca unikaluri samuzeumo masala, romelic asax-avs saqarTveloSi sportis axali saxeobis_wyalburTis Casaxvasa da ganviTarebas.

isak parlagaSvili saqarTvelodan 23 wlis winaT avida israelSi.i. parlagaSvili sakavSiro kategoriis msaji gaxldaT 1957 wlidan.

jer kidev 1956 wels msajobda wyalburTis pirvel saCvenebel mat-Cebs. mere Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitertSi avarjiSebda gand-bolistebs... mogvianebiT ki sportul Jurnalistobas mihyo xeli. ibe-Wdeboda ssrk-Si, poloneTSi, rumineTsa da CexoslovakiaSi.

saqarTveloSi i. parlagaSvils didi pativiT daxvdnen. muzeumisaT-vis koleqciis gadacemis ceremonials eswreboda saqarTvelos spor-tisa da axalgazrdobis saqmeTa ministri tariel xinCagaSvili. minis-trma qarTuli sportis ganviTarebaSi Setanili wvlilisaTvis maRali Sefaseba misca. parlagaSvilis Rvawls. TbilisSi gaimarTa qarTuli gandbolis 60 wlisTavisadmi miZRvnili sazeimo saRamo, sadac i. par-lagaSvils samaxsovro saCuqari gadasces.

ruseTis sagareo saqmeTa saministros oficialuri warmomadgenlis... ruseTis sagareo saqmeTa oficialurma warmomadgenelma_infor-

maciisa da beWdviTi sityvis departamentis direqtorma maria zax-arovam 13 noembers `rossia-1“satelevizio gadacemaSi `kvira saRamo vladimir soloviovTan erTad “antisemituri gancxadeba gaakeTa: roca wamyvans aSS-Si saprezidento arCevnebis Taobaze esaubreboda, wamyvanis SekiTxvaze, Tu ras ityoda trampis moulodnel gamarjve-baze, Tqva:

_ebraelebma adreve icodnen, Tu rogor damTavrdeboda arCevnebi, vin gaimarjvebda. donald trampma ebraelTa fuliT gaimarjva.

mere ki dasZina: _Tu Sen ginda icode, ra moxdeba amerikaSi, vis unda elaparako? unda elaparako ebraelebs_mere ki ebrau-li aqcentiT gaimeora TiTqosda, amerikaSi romeliRac ebraelis naTqvami:_`maroCka, Cven rasakvirvelia, mivcemT fuls klintons, magram respublikelebs orjer mets mivcemT“amitom gazeTebSi ki ar unda eZeboT pasuxi kiTxvaze, Tu ra iqneba amerikaSi, aramed brai-

tonze (ubani niu-iorkSi, romelSic umeteswilad ebraelebi cxovro-ben. red) Cveni ebraelebi yvelafers getyvian.

amerikaSi palestinis avtonomiis winaaRmdeg sasamarTlo procesi daiwyo29 noembers amerikaSi daiwyo istoriis ganmavlobaSi pirveli sa-

samarTlo procesi palestinis avtonomiis xelisuflebis winaaRm-deg. palestinis mTavrobas brals sdeben terorizmis mxardaWeraSi da 2000 wlidan moyolebuli iasir arafatis sicocxlis bolomde, israelelebis xocva-Jletaze pasuxismgeblobas akisreben. vidre sa-samarTlo procesi daiwyeboda, aSS umaRlesma sasamarTlom palesti-nis avtonomiis apelacia uaryo. amdenad, palestinis avtonomias mili-ardiani sasjeli emuqreba.

amerikeli mosamarTleebis gansasjelad wamodgenili iqneba eqvsi teroristuli aqti: 2001wlis 7ianvaris da 2002 wlis 22 ianvaris is-raelelebze SeiaraRebuli Tavdasxma, imave wlis 27 ianvris, 21 martis da 19 ivnisis teroristuli aqti_Tavis afeTqebis gziT, 2002 wlis 31 ivlisis farTomasStabiani teroristuli aqti da amave wlis 29 ianvr-is teroristuli aqti_kamikaZe. palestinelebma yvela zemoTCamoTv-lili teraqti ierusalimSi ganaxorcieles.

amerikeli mosamarTle jorj danieli acxadebs:_daRupulTa naTesavebi gvimtkiceben, rom palestinis ganTavisu-

flebis organizaciam es teroristuli aqtebi israelis samoqalaqo mosaxleobis dafrTxobis mizniT Seasrula. amiT ewadaT zegavlena moexdinaT aSS-sa da israelis politikaze da mieRwiaT Tavisi poli-tikuri miznisaTvis.

sasamarTlo procesi sami Tve gagrZeldeba. procesis mimdinareo-bisas Cvenebebs miscemen braldebis aTobiT mowmeni_adamianebi, rom-lebmac gauZles teroristul aqtebs, dakarges naTesav_axloblebi.

mZime senis Semswavleli centrinoembris meore naxevarSi xaifaSi Seikribnen mTeli msoflios mec-

nierebi da mkvlevarebi. aq israelis samecniero-teqnologiur uni-versitetTan gaixsna kibos Semswavleli samecniero-sakvlevi centri. es aris msoflioSi pirveli centri, romelic globalurad Seiswav-lis onkologiur daavadebebs, es ki daaCqarebs diagnostikisa da mkurnalobis axali meTodebis SemoRebas.

xaifis teqnionis prezidentma, profesorma perec lavim ganacxada:_kibo Cveni drois erT-erTi yvelaze saSineli daavadebaa. am daa-

vadebis mkurnalobisaTvis saWiroa fundamentur mecnierebaTa _sx-vadasxva disciplinaTa erToblivi muSaoba. eseni arian: bioqimikose-bi, citobiologebi, programistebi, mikroskopiisa da vizualuri diagnostikis specialistebi, inJinrebi da praqtikosi eqimebi. am spe-cialobis adamianebi Cvens teqnionSi arian.

centris gaxsnis ceremonialze ZiriTadi momxseneblebi gaxldnen: Sveicariis (lozana) politeqnikuri skolis profesori duglas ha-nahani da sol singeri. sinegerma gamosTqva mosazreba, rom ukve aT weliwadSi, iqneb, ufro adrec, yovel adamians eqneba mowyobiloba, romelic daafiqsirebs pirovnebis janmrTelobis mdgomareobas. amis meoxebiT saSualeba mogvecema yoveli avadmyofoba adreul stadi-azeve aRvkveToTo.

mimdinare wels xaifis teqnionma aziis 200 univresitetis reiting-Si 36-e adgili daikava. mas aqvs msoflios erT-erTi saukeTeso uni-versitetis reputacia.

eqsmTavari rabinis apelacia ar dakmayofilda ierusalimis saolqo sasamarTlom ar daakmayofila israelis

mTavari rabinis iona mecgeris advokatis apelacia. eqsmTavar rabins bralad edeba didi odenobiT qrTa-mis miReba, TaRliTuri qmedebani, fulis gaTe-Treba da saxelmwifo samsaxurSi yofnisas Ca-denili sxva danaSaule-bani. eqsmTavari rabi-nis dacva Txoulobda braldebis moxsnas da miiCnevs, rom adgili aqvs iona mecgeris dis-kriminacias.

sasamarTlom, rogorc aRvniSneT, ar daakmayofila dacvis moTxov-na.braldebaSi aRniSnulia, rom saxelmwifo samsaxurSi yofnisas mec-germa qrTamis saxiT miiRo rva milioni Sekeli. ramdenime punqti exeba biznesmen aleqsandre maSkeviCs, romelmac gamomZieblebis monace-mebiT mecgers saCuqrebisa da sxvadasxva organizaciebis daxmarebi-saTvis saerTo jamSi gadasca 515 aTasi aSS dolari, im organizaciebs ki is daxmareba ar miuRiaT. am Tanxis didi nawili rabins oligarqis meuRlis giurisaTvis mieca. braldebaSi isic aris aRniSnuli rom sxva rusulenovanma biznesmenma _ vladimir sluckerma rabins fadasca 360 aTasi dolari imisaTvis rom mieRwia Tavisi Svilebis giurisaTvis. sxva oligarxma ki mecgers giurisaTvis 150 aTasi dolari gadauxada. erT-erTi oligarqis meuRlem giuris procedura germaniaSi gaiara, israelis mxare am giurs ar scnoba, magram 60 aTas dolarad es prob-lemac mogvarda.

amas garda, gamoZieba miiCnevs, rom mecgeri àtkatebsac “eweoda. roca mecgeris TxovniT ama Tu im religiur struqturas biznesmenebi amaTu im Tanxas Seswiravdnen, mecgeri 30% iRebda.

israelis ambebi israelis ambebi israelis ambebi israelis ambebi israelis ambebi


aharon mdinaraZe

ras vkiTxulobT

am kviraSi?

rabinis kuTxe

vaiSlax

ruseTis premier-ministri israelSi

ruseTis premier-ministri dimitri medvedevi oficialuri vizitiT israels ewvia.dimitri medvedevsa da biniamin ne-Taniahus Soris gaimarTa molaparakebebi ruseT-israelis urTierTobis sakvanZo sakiTxebze, axlo aRmosavleTSi sayov-elTao mSvidobis damyarebis Taobaze.

vizitis bolo dRes dimitri medve-devi palestinis avtonomiasac ewvia da Sexvda avtonomiis liders abu mazens.

qalaq ramalas erT-erT quCas dimitri medvedevis saxeli daarqves.

skandali saCuqris gamo10 noembers, israelSi vizitisas ruseTis premier-ministri dimi-

tri medvedevma xeli moawera soflis meurneobis dargSi ruseTsa da israels Soris TanamSromlobas, amis Semdeg ki mivida mivida beiT daganis centr `volkaniSi“ raTa gascnoboda israelis sasoflo-sameurneo inovaciebs.israelis soflis meurneobis ministrTan uri danielTan erTad ecnoboda israelis miRwevebs.am eqskursiis dros medvedevs xelSi eWira upiloto safreni aparatis pulti da upiloto safren aparats, romelic soflis meurneobaSi gamoiyeneba, aTamaSeb-da. ministri miubrunda saministros generalur direqtors Slomo ben eliahus da hkiTxa SeiZleba Tu ara ruseTis premier-ministrs aCuqon upiloto safreni aparati. Slomo ben eliahum dadebiTi pasuxi gasca. am scenis Semyure centris TanamSromlebi Seecadnen saqmeSi ux-maurod Careuliyvnen, raTa aparati centridan ar gasuliyo. aparati maTs centrs ekuTvnoda da misi Rirebuleba 200 aTas Sekels( 50 aTas dolarze odnav meti.red) _ moridebulad iTxoves iqneb, aparatis ga-dacema gadavdoT, gvian gadavceTo, magram ruseTis delegaciis orma wevrma upiloto safreni aparati Tavisi mowyobilobebiTurTa da uni-kaluri teqnologiiT umal gaaqana.

es faqti israelSi gaxmaurda. xmauri dRemde ar Sewyvetila _ sazogadoebrivma organizaciaòmecma“ mTavrobis iuridiul mrCev-els avixai mendelblits mimarTa. iuridiulma mrCevelmac ar daayovna da 5 dekembers gasca gankarguleba daiwyos soflis meurneobis minis-tris uri arielis ( partia `beiT iudi“) winaaRmdeg disciplinaruli gamoZieba.

iuridiulma mrCevelma avixai mendeblitma radiosadgur reSet beTs ganucxada,rom ministris saqcielSi wesebisa da kanonebis gauT-valiswineblobas xedavs, man puseTis premier-ministrs upiloto saf-reni aparati ise gadasca rom ar Seiswavla, Tu ra Sedegi SeiZleboda amas mohyoloda da arc saTanado struqturis nebarTva miuRia.

aTi antiisraeluri rezolucia erT dReSi8 noembers gaerTianebuli erebis organizaciis komitetebma aTi

antiisraeluri xasiaTis rezolucia miiRes. amaTgan ori rezolucia Seexeba ierusalimis siwmindeTa statuss.

komitetebis dadgenilebani win uswrebs generalur asambleas. sab-oloo dadgenilebas miiRebs gaeros generaluri asamblea, romelic dekemberSi gaimarTeba. aRniSnaven, rom komitetis dadgenilebebi iS-viaTad icvleba da genasamblea mxars uWers komitetebs. òkupirebul teritoriaze“ israelis moqmedebas mxari dauWira 86 delegatma, 71 saxelmwifos delegatma Tavi Seikava, xolo Svidi saxelmwifo winaaR-

mdegi gaxldaT.

kongresis prezidentic aseTi unda!

ruseTis ebraelTa kongresis (rek) prezi-dentma iuri kanerma mimarTa sasamarTlos Ta-visi Rirsebis, pativisa da samsaxurebrivi repu-taciis dacvis moTxovniT da aRZra sasamarTlo saqme antisionisti Jurnalistis maqsim SevCen-kos winaaRmdeg. kanerma ar daazusta Tu ra pre-tenzia aqvs SevCenkosTan, Tumca, is ki aRniSna, rom sakiTxi exeba Jurnalistis erT-erT gam-onaTqvams, romelic radio èxo moskovi“- Si gaakeTa.

rek-is prezidentma dasZina, rom m. SevCenkos aRmzrdelobiTi mizniT uCivis, rameTu Cven erT qveyanaSi gvixdebao cxovreba. Jurnalistma daadastura, rom sarCeli gadasces kaneris gancxadeba miiRo mis mcdelobad, SevCenkos sasamarTlos meoxebiT Seacvlevinos pozicia.

_ es aris pretenzia Cems blogTan dakavSirebiT, romelic èxo moskviSi“ maqvs. swored aq mqonda diskusia baton kanerTan. am blogSi me vTqvi, rom kaneri aris adamiani, romelic mxars uWers segregaciis, aparteidisa da SeiaraRebuli migrantebiT im teritoriis dakavebas, romlidanac gandevnili unda iqnas adgilobrivi mosaxleoba, ese igi mxars uWers israelis sazogadoebriobis memarjvene konservatorebis politikas.

`davicvaT momavali“1 da 2 noembers moskovSi Catarda antisemitizmTan brZolis saer-

TaSoriso konferencia `davicvaT momavali“. konferencia organize-buli gaxldaT ruseTis ebraelTa kongresis mier msoflios ebrael-Ta kongresis, evr-aziis ebraelTa kongresis da moskovis mTavrobis monawileobiT.

konferenciis gaxsnisas sityvebi warmosTqves: ruseTis ebrael-Ta kongresis prezidentma iuri kanerma, ruseTis erovnebaTa fed-eraluri saagentos meTaurma igor barinovma, israelis Sinagani usafrTxoebisa da dagegmarebis ministrma erdan giladma, msofli-os ebraelTa kongresis prezidentma ronald lauderma, ruseTis sagareo saqmeTa ministris moadgilem mixeil bogdanovma, avstriis eqskanclerma faiman vernerma, ruseTis prezidentTan arsebuli ada-mianis uflebaTa sabWos meTaurma mixeil fedotovma, aSS saxelmwifo departamentis specialurma warmomadgenelma antisemitizmTan brZo-lis sakiTxebSi aira formanma, evr-aziis ebraelTa kongresis prezi-dentma iulius mainlma.

am saerTaSoriso konferenciis programaSi gaxldaT plenaruli sxdomebi `,mrgvali magidebi“ Temebze : àntisemitizmi ruseTSa da msoflioSi_masTan brZolis istoria da formebi“ `xelisufleba, sazogadoeba da antisemitizmi“ àntisemitizmi Tanamedrove kul-turasa da ganaTlebaSi“, àntisemitizmi masobrivi informaciis saSu-alebebsa da internet-sivrceSi“, `religia da antisemitizmi“ `rasizm-Tan, qsenofobiasTan brZola sportSi“ konferenciis darbazSi moewyo gamofena àntisemitizmi sabWoTa kavSirsa da ruseTSi“

konferenciaze Tavi moiyares israelidan, safrangeTidan, germani-idan, amerikidan Camosulma politologebma, sazogado moRvaweebma, Jurnalistebma.

weria Cvens TavSi: yesavma gaaxila Tvalebi da dainaxa qalbatonebi da bavSvebi, da ekiTxe-ba iayakaovs: vin arian eseni SenTvis?

da upasuxa: haSemma aCuqa Sen monas (bereSiT 33: 5)

midraSSi ialkut Simoni weria, rom piveli disputi yesavs da iayakovs Soris gaimarTa jer kidev dedis mucelSi: iayakovma uTxra: Zmao

- ori samyaroa Cvens win: erTi - is romelSic Cven gavalT, samyaro saWmelis da sasmelis, yidva-gayidvis, col-qmrobis da Svilebis da momavali samyaro, sadac es yvelaferi ar aris, ginda Sen aire es samyaro da aviReb momavals.

ramdenime wlis Semdeg, avram avinus gar-dacvalebis dRes, iayakovma gaaxsena maTi laparaki mucelSi da uTxra Tu Sen airCie es samyaro, momyide pirvelobac

agrZelebs midraSi da iZaxis: Tqva yesavma `da ai axlos var me sikvdilTan~...

(bereSiT25: 32) - amiT man uaryo momavali sa-myaro - da aiRo iayakovis wili am samyaroSi da dauTmo Tavis wili momaval samyaroSi

ai ratom usvams is iayakovs SekiTxvas: vin arian eseni SenTvis-? anu Sen xom damiTme me es samyaro da xom aiRe momavali, maSin saidan es colebi, Svilebi, cxovelebi, simdidre?

da gaifiqra yesavma. Tu am samyaroSi, ro-melic ar aris iayakovis wili, haSemma misca mas amdeni jildo, maSen ra iqneba mis wilSi-momaval samyaroSi?

da maSinve uTxra: modi gavxdeT partnio-rebi, SevcvaloT Cveni xelSekruleba: Sen am samyaros naxevari, me momavali samyaros nax-evari

ra Tqma unda iayakovi ar apirebda xelSek-rulebis Secvlas da eubneba yesavs: Sen wadi seyirSi da Cven mere CamovalT, anu Sen Seni gziT, Cven Cveni gziT

Toris komentatori rani ase xsnis am ga-rigebas: yesavi eubneba iayakovs, me vyidi pirv-elobas imitom, rom me SeiZleba movkvde da arc vapireb Cveni winaprebis-avraham da icxak avinus gziT cxovrebas, imitom rom maTi dide-ba saxlSia, me ki miyvars yofna saxlis gareT,

nadiroba-CemTvis saxlSi jdoma uazrobaa. yesavi-wers r. xaim vitali arizalis sax-

eliT, iyo ufro Wkviani vidre iayakovi, magram gadaWarbebulma moZraobam, nadavlma gaafuWa misi suli, man dauSva iseTi Secdomebi, rom-lebmac gaanadgures misi talanti, man is gax-arja am samyaros materialur siamovnebebSi, da mTlianad dakarga momavali samyaro

iayakovi ki piriqiT, is Tavis mTlian ener-gias xarjavs Toris swavlaSi-Semis da everis ieSivaSi, magram arc misTvis ar mosula es av-tomaturad, mxolod mudmivi swavliT SeZlo man swori gadawyvetilebebis miReba.

sefer haiaSarSi weria- vin aris raSayi-vi-sac aqvs midrekileba am samyaros material-uri siamovnebisadmi ufro metad vidre su-lierebisadmi, vis sulsac ufro siamovnebs fuli, simdidre, garToba, qurdoba, mandi-losnebTan urTierToba, vidre haSemis samsax-uri, locva, keTili saqmeebi.

yesavi akeTebda bevr karg saqmeebs, magram ra iyo misi mizani? risgan iRebda siamovnebas? mas undoda Tavis Tavis dakmayofileba, is iyo Wkviani, magram man miatova Tora, uaryofda mis mniSvnelobas, da gaeba am samyaros maxeSi da daikarga samudamod

iayakovi ki xvdeboda Toris mninelobas, is yvelafers analizebda, iyo Zalian dak-virvebuli da zusti qmedebaSi, ase miaRwia man warmatebas am qveyanazec da momaval sa-myaroSic, da ara marto TavisTvis, aramed mTeli Tavis STamomavlobisTvisac, mTeli israelis jamaaTisTvis da maR Soris CvenTvi-sac, mTavaria gavakeToT swori arCevani-To-ris swavla da ar gadauxvioT am gzas.

SabaT Salom

8 m e n o r a dekemberi (qislevi) №12, 2016 w.ivnisi (sivani), #12 2008 w.8

redaqtori

guram baTiaSvili

registrirebulia

q. Tbilisis mTawmindis

raionis sasamarTlos

mier.

registraciis # 4/1-921

damfuZnebelni da

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Tbilisi, leoniZis 11a, vaxtang VI q. #30

telefonebi: 99.90.96, 77.20.57

gazeT `menoras~ redaqcia

TanagrZnobas ucxadebs aSdodis municipalitetis

wevrs moSe boTeraSvils

dedis

gardacvalebis gamo

manana jinjixaSvili qu Tais-Si daibada. aq daamTavra saSualo skola, musikaluri saswavlebeli, Semdeg quTai-sis saxelmwifo pedagogi-uri in stituti (amJamad akaki we reTlis saxelmwifo uni-versiteti) qarTuli enisa da literaturis specialobiT; muSaobda musikis maswavleblad, Jurnalistad, lado mesxiSvilis saxelobis quTaisis akademiur TeatrSi saliteraturo nawilis gamged. amJamad cxovrobs niu-iorkSi ojaxTan erTad.

rodesac manana jinjixaS-vilze daviwye wera, moulod-nelad aRmovaCine, rom Cveni megobrobis ufro xangrZlivi nawili ukve amerikul peri-odze, mis emigrantul cxovre-basa da Cvens satelefono Tu epistolarul urTierTo-baze modis, ufro naklebi ki saqarTvelos studentobisa da megobrobis im wlebze, roca yoveldRe, an TiTqmis yovel-dRe vxvdebodiT erTmaneTs. mas Semdeg bevrma welma gan-vlo, rTulma da winaaRmde-gobebiT aRsavse mTelma epo-qam. saukune Seicvala, rogorc pirdapiri ise gadataniTi mniSvnelobiT. mananam ufro mSvidi, Tumca ukve afori-aqebuli saqarTvelo datova, romelic jer kidev sabWoTa kavSiris sivrceSi imyofeboda. igi Cvenze utyuarad grZnobda, ukeTesad xedavda im safrTxes, Cven rom jiutad ar vusworeb-diT Tvals. ar gveSinoda, rad-gan horizontze saqarTvelos damoukidebloba Canda. ase iyo cxra aprilis wina dReebSi. manana rekavda, swuxda, hqonda didi saSiSroebis molodini. maxsovs misi fraza: òRondac axla gadarCeT,~ rac maSin gaz-viadebuli meCvena.

amerikis SeerTebul StatebSi wasvlisas mananas guli wydeboda, rom aq toveb-da sayvarel saqmes, Tumca arc iq uZebnia axali profesia. samagierod Tavisi cnobiere-biT erTi wuTiTac ar daSore-

bia saqarTvelos. CemTvis dRes Znelia mananas vaSingtonSi àmerikis xmis~ qarTul redaq-ciaSi saqmianobis Sefaseba, magram, albaT, es periodi mis cxovrebaSi umniSvnelovanesi iyo. axal realobasTan Segueba, gansxvavebul ekonomikur da politikur sistemaSi, Tanac maRalkonkurentul garemoSi adaptireba, inglisuri enis kargad daufleba _ erTbaS-ad ramdenime fsiqologiuri barieris gadalaxva, bunebriv-ia, ioli ar iqneboda.

manana wlebis ganmavlobaSi iyo gaeroSi àmerikis xmis~ akreditebuli Jurnalisti. iyo avtori mravali sain-tereso da saWirboroto reportaJisa. mis mier lit-eraturisa Tu xelovnebis sxva sferoebSi momzadebuli gad-acemebi ki yovelTvis gamoir-Ceoda siRrmiT, mravali plan-iT, rac sxvadasxva rakursSi aCvenebda im procesebs ameri-kis kulturul cxovrebaSi rom mimdinareobda. igi swored am sivrceSi qmnida Semoqmedi qarTvelebis portretebs da ufro TvalsaCinos xdida CvenTvis maTs warmatebebs. vfiqrob, manana jinjixaSvilis programebi gamorCeul xibls, individualur xelweras ani-Webda amerikis xmis qarTul gadacemebs.

saqarTvelos saxelmwi-foebrivma damoukideblobam Zalze saamayo realoba moita-na. amerikis universitetebis (kolumbiis, indianas...) stu-dentebs (da ara marto maT) SesaZlebloba aqvT ucxo enad qarTuli airCion. manana maT aswavlis. bevri maTgani imyo-feboda kidec saqarTveloSi. TiToeulma, bunebrivia, aq Tavisi qarTuli enis maswav-leblis sulis nawili gamoi-yola, misi TvaliT Sexeda Cvens qveyanas, me vici, ra rudunebiT ekideba igi am mniSvnelovan saqmes, ra did pasuxismge-blobasTan, rTul SromasTan aris dakavSirebuli es yove-

live. mza meTodika sakmaod mwiria, sakuTari gamocdileba ki wlebs moaqvs da igi mananas ukve sakmaod daugrovda. man SeZlo garedan Seexeda qarTu-li enisaTvis. sxvaTaTvis eswavlebina ara mxolod gra-matikuli kategoriebi, aramed ena, rogorc eris sulieri samyaros gamanivTebeli. axla manana fiqrobs (zrunavs kidec) Seqmnas da saqarTvelo-Si gadaiRos qarTuli enis videokursi, romelSic Tavs moiyris qarTvelebis saubrebi ojaxSi, sazogadoebaSi, quCa-Si, sufrasTan, Caiweros bune-brivi dialogebi kargi qarTu-liT molaparake adamianebTan erTad, rasac, eWvi ar mepareba, aucileblad ganaxorcielebs, Tu sponsori moiZebna, albaT, ufro malec.

manana jinjixaSvili, rogorc mwerali jemal qiria ambobs masze, kargi ebraeli da kargi qarTvelia. igi qarTul saqmes akeTebs. profesionali filologia. misi pedagogi-uri saqmianoba, samwuxarod, ufro metad sxvaTa arCevan-zea damokidebuli, vidre mis aqtivobaze. sakmaod moSore-biT Cevngan man SeZlo Tavisi qarTuli samyaro Seeqmna. axla rusulenovan radioSi gaaCi-na qarTuli niSa. aq mihyavs qarTuli gadacemebi, rasac usasyidlod akeTebs.

aqac gulRia maspinZeli da sxvaTa gulSematkivari amer-ikaSic aseve agrZelebs cxovre-bas. misi saxlis kari mudam Riaa stumrebisaTvis, mudam mzad aris daxmarebisTvis.

TiTqmis 18 welia, rac manana jinjixaSvili wavida quTaisidan, magram erTi dRi-Tac ar daSorebia qarTul sityvas, qarTvel megobrebs, qarTul mwerlobas da xelov-nebas, qveyanas, sadac dai-bada, gaizarda, Camoyalibda rogorc pirovneba, romelT-anac uamravi kargi mogoneba da tkivilic akavSirebs da rom-lis didi qomagicaa.

qarTuli saqmis sakeTeblad amerikaSi

rCeuli leqsebiisraelSi gamoica

io seb krixelis rCeu-

li leqsebis krebuli

`saqarTvelos israelidan

siyvaruliT~. krebulSi

Sesulia 75 wlis ioseb

krixelis mier Seqmnili

leqsebi. es krebuli iwye-

ba leqsiT `sadRegrZelo.~

wigni gamoica ̀ amuTa efSar

axereT~-2000 daxmarebiT.

wignis winasityvaobis

avtoria mira wiwuaSvili.

wigns win uZRvis avto-

ris Sesavali werili.

me saqarTvelos

sadRegrZelo

davlio minda,

mitom ki ara,

movafrqvio

yalbi dideba,

me saqarTvelos

sadREegrZelos

vsvam im SegrZnebiT,

rom saqarTvelos

gamarjveba

naRdad Wirdeba.

saqarTvelos ebraelobis fotoistoria

onis 114 wlis beiT qneseTi

meuRle nana xubelaSvili, Svilebi: Wiko, Tamuna fiCxaZeebi, sidedri eTer mixelaSvili, ia, maia xubelaSvilebi, emzar eligulaSvili,

merab kobaxiZe iuwyebiandaTo fiCxaZisgardacvalebas.

robert, Tengiz, lera mixelaSvilebi, fima kacobaSvili, ciala, guram baTiaSvilebi iuwyebian

daTo fiCxaZisgardacvalebas da TanaugrZniben

gansvenebulis ojaxs,

ivnisi (sivani), #12 2008 w.8

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dedis

gardacvalebis gamo














li leqsebis krebuli













me saqarTvelos

sadRegrZelo

davlio minda,

mitom ki ara,

movafrqvio

yalbi dideba,

me saqarTvelos

sadREegrZelos


rom saqarTvelos

gamarjveba

naRdad Wirdeba.








ISSN 1987-8982 UAC 070 411.16m-557

ivnisi (sivani), #12 2008 w.8

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