Genocide Presentation Final (1)

8/13/2019 Genocide Presentation Final (1)

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Definition

The word "genocide" was formed bycombining geno-, from the Greek word for race

or tribe, with the termination -cide, derived from

the Latin word for killing.

Act organised and committed, in time of peace

or war, with the intent to exterminate, in whole

or in part, a national ethnic,racial or religious

group. It is distinguishable from all other crimes,including ethnic cleansing because it is state

organised.

(The Sage Dictionary of Criminology)


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History of Genocide

Naming Genocide by Raphael Lemkin -1994

Defining Genocide by The UN Convention-1948

Bounding Genocide( Comparative Genocide Studies)


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Naming Genocide

-Until The Second World War, genocide was acrime without a name, according to The BritishPrime Minister Winston Churchill.

The term was coined by a Polish-Jewish juristnamed Raphael Lemkin in 1944

The destruction of a nation or an ethnic group


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The process of coining the

term

Lemkin published a lengthy book named Axis

Rule in Occupied Europe

First Campaign (to persuade the new United

Nations to draft a convention against genocide)

Second Campaign (to obtain the required

number of signature)

Third Campaign (to secure the necessarynational ratifications)


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Defining GenocideGenocide was defined in Article 1 and Article 2

Article 1:The Contracting Parties confirm that genocide, whether committed intime of peace or in time of war, is a crime under international law which they

undertake to prevent and to punish.

Article 2:In the present Convention, genocide means any of the following acts

committed with intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethnical, racialor religious group, as such:

(a) Killing members of the group;

(b) Causing serious bodily or mental harm to members of the group;

(c) Deliberately inflicting on the group conditions of life calculated to bring about its

physical destruction in whole or in part;

(d) Imposing measures intended to prevent births within the group;

(e) Forcibly transferring children of the group to another group.(Convention onthe Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide)


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Bounding Genocide

A explosion of public interestThus there were numerous genocide scholarswho were concerned with two tasks:

1. To define and bount it conceptually2. To prevent genocide

The early literature drew upon Jewish Holocaust(

The History and Sociology of Genocide byChalk and Jonassohn)

The wider culture also produced a steady streamof films on genocide including The Killing Fields

and Schindlers List


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Examples

Holocaust:Between 1941and 1945 it is estimated that56 million Jews weremurdered during theHolocaust by the Naziregime. The Final Solutionwas thought up by Himmlerto eradicate Jews from Nazioccupied Europe by sendingthem to death campsincluding Auschwitz -

Birkenau. Jews were seen asinferior to the rest of thepopulation. Hitler held theJews to violate the moralorder of the world.

(GenocideA Comprehensive Introduction)


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Rwanda: Between April to

July 1994 at least 1 millionpeople including Tutsis but

also Hutus who opposed

the genocidal government.

People were murdered by

machetes, clubs and smallarms in what was

described by Gerard

Prunier as a Hurricane of

Death.

(GenocideA Comprehensive

Introduction)


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The Hutu and Tutsi are two peoples who share a common

past. When Rwanda was first settled, the people who lived

there raised cattle. Soon, the people who owned the most

cattle were called "Tutsi" and everyone else was called"Hutu." At this time, a person could easily change

categories through marriage or cattle acquisition.

Thousands of Tutsis tried to escape the slaughter by

hiding in churches, hospitals, schools, and government

offices. These places, which historically have been places

of refuge, were turned into places of mass murder during

the Rwanda Genocide.

The Rwanda Genocide ended only when the RPF took

over the country. The RPF (Rwandan Patriotic Front) were

a trained military group consisting of Tutsis who had been

exiled in earlier years, many of whom lived in Uganda


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Conclusion

To briefly conclude what we have discussed

today; Genocide is mass murder of a race or

particular group of people by the state.

Even though there have been several examplesof Genocide within recent history, the world is still

unable to stop it from happening again.


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Thank you for Listening

For us, genocide was the gas chamber -

what happened in Germany. We were notable to realize that with the machete you can

create a genocide.

(Boutros Boutros-Ghali)


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Documents

Genocide Presentation Final (1)