GEOLOGY Burcu Gulses

7/25/2019 GEOLOGY Burcu Gulses

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REMOTEREMOTE

SENSINGSENSING

TOTO

GEOLOGYGEOLOGY


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The collection andThe collection and

interpretation ofinterpretation of

information about aninformation about an

object without phyicalobject without phyicalcontact with the object!contact with the object!

e"# atellite ima"in"#e"# atellite ima"in"#

aerial photo"raphy#aerial photo"raphy#

and open pathand open pathmeaurement$meaurement$


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Satellite remoteSatellite remote

enin" haenin" habecome a commonbecome a common

tool to in%eti"atetool to in%eti"ate

the different fieldthe different fieldof Earth andof Earth and

en%ironmentalen%ironmental

cience$cience$


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GEOLOGYGEOLOGY


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Remote enin" iRemote enin" iued a a tool toued a a tool toe&tract informatione&tract informationabout the land urfaceabout the land urface

tructure# compoitiontructure# compoitionor uburface# but ior uburface# but ioften combined withoften combined withother data ourceother data ource

pro%idin"pro%idin"complementarycomplementarymeaurement$meaurement$


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Remote enin" i notRemote enin" i not

limited to direct "eolo"ylimited to direct "eolo"yapplication ' it i aloapplication ' it i aloued to upport lo"itic#ued to upport lo"itic#uch a route plannin" foruch a route plannin" for

acce into a minin" area#acce into a minin" area#reclamation monitorin"#reclamation monitorin"#and "eneratin" baemapand "eneratin" baemapupon which "eolo"icalupon which "eolo"icaldata can be referenced ordata can be referenced oruperimpoed$uperimpoed$


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Geolo"ical application of remote enin" include theGeolo"ical application of remote enin" include thefollowin"(followin"(

urficial depoit ) bedroc* mappin"urficial depoit ) bedroc* mappin" litholo"ical mappin"litholo"ical mappin" tructural mappin"tructural mappin" and and "ra%el +a""re"ate, e&ploration) e&ploitationand and "ra%el +a""re"ate, e&ploration) e&ploitation

mineral e&plorationmineral e&ploration hydrocarbon e&plorationhydrocarbon e&ploration en%ironmental "eolo"yen%ironmental "eolo"y "eobotany"eobotany baeline infratructurebaeline infratructure

edimentation mappin" and monitorin"edimentation mappin" and monitorin" e%ent mappin" and monitorin"e%ent mappin" and monitorin" "eo'ha-ard mappin" and planetary mappin""eo'ha-ard mappin" and planetary mappin"


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Geoen%ironmentalGeoen%ironmental

reearch can help toreearch can help toidentify the caue ofidentify the caue ofthee e%ent# pointthee e%ent# pointthe way tothe way to

rehabilitationrehabilitationmeaure# and lendmeaure# and lendupport for earlyupport for earlywarnin" ytemwarnin" ytem


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Remote enin"Remote enin"

add coniderablyadd coniderablyto thi reearch byto thi reearch bypro%idin" a widepro%idin" a wide

%ariety of enor%ariety of enoroperated fromoperated fromairborne andairborne andatellite platform$atellite platform$


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The G.RS /ro"ramThe G.RS /ro"ram

of 0NES1O andof 0NES1O andI0GS pro%ide aI0GS pro%ide amean of continuallymean of continuallyin%eti"atin" thein%eti"atin" the"eolo"ical"eolo"icalapplicability ofapplicability ofremote'enin"remote'enin"techni2ue$techni2ue$


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The multipectralThe multipectral

canner ima"ecanner ima"efrom the firt non'from the firt non'meteorolo"ical#meteorolo"ical#ci%ilian Earthci%ilian Earthober%ationober%ationatellite# the 0Satellite# the 0SL.N3S.T erieL.N3S.T erie

launched in 4567launched in 4567


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The L.N3S.TThe L.N3S.Tima"e wereima"e wererecei%edrecei%edenthuiatically byenthuiatically by

a mall cientifica mall cientificcommunity# motlycommunity# motly"eolo"it#"eolo"it#oceano"rapheroceano"rapher

and "eo"rapher$and "eo"rapher$


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The G.RS /ro"ram#The G.RS /ro"ram#

jointly ponored byjointly ponored by0NES1O and I0GS#0NES1O and I0GS#wa inau"urated inwa inau"urated in4589 +:eber# 458;,4589 +:eber# 458;,L.N3S.T'4#andL.N3S.T'4#andL.N3S.T'9# containin"L.N3S.T'9# containin"

Thematic Mapper# waThematic Mapper# walaunched# addin" anlaunched# addin" anadditional three bandadditional three bandin the S:IR +hort'in the S:IR +hort'wa%e infrared, to thewa%e infrared, to thee&itin" %iible +


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Remote enin" haRemote enin" ha

become a widelybecome a widely

accepted reearchaccepted reearch

tool by almot alltool by almot allGeolo"ical Sur%eyGeolo"ical Sur%ey

the world o%er$the world o%er$


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Why remoteWhy remotesensing?sensing?


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. ynoptic %iew of. ynoptic %iew of

re"ional cale i are"ional cale i amuch differentmuch differentperpecti%e thanperpecti%e than

point "roundpoint "roundober%ationober%ationwhen tryin" towhen tryin" tomap structuralmap structural

elementselements$$


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Remote enin"Remote enin"

offer thioffer thiperpecti%e andperpecti%e andallow a "eolo"it toallow a "eolo"it toe&amine othere&amine other

reference ancillaryreference ancillarydata imultaneoulydata imultaneoulyand yner"itically#and yner"itically#uch a "eo'uch a "eo'

ma"neticma"neticinformation$information$


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Remote enin" "i%e the o%er%iewRemote enin" "i%e the o%er%iew

re2uired tore2uired to4$1ontruct re"ional unit map# ueful for4$1ontruct re"ional unit map# ueful for

mall cale analye# and plannin" fieldmall cale analye# and plannin" field

tra%ere to ample and %erify %arioutra%ere to ample and %erify %ariouunit for detailed mappin"!unit for detailed mappin"!

7$0ndertand the patial ditribution and7$0ndertand the patial ditribution andurface relationhip between the unit$urface relationhip between the unit$


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Remote enin" offerRemote enin" offer

thi perpecti%e andthi perpecti%e andallow a "eolo"it toallow a "eolo"it toe&amine othere&amine otherreference ancillaryreference ancillary

data imultaneoulydata imultaneoulyand yner"itically#and yner"itically#uch a "eo'ma"neticuch a "eo'ma"neticinformation$information$


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Geologic Unit MappingGeologic Unit Mapping

Mappin" "eolo"icMappin" "eolo"ic

unit conitunit conit

primarily ofprimarily of

identifyin"identifyin"phyio"raphic unitphyio"raphic unit

and determinin" theand determinin" the

roc* litholo"y orroc* litholo"y or

coare trati"raphycoare trati"raphyof e&poed unit$of e&poed unit$


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Data requirementsData requirements

Two different cale of mappin" re2uire li"htlyTwo different cale of mappin" re2uire li"htlydifferent ima"in" ource and parameter(different ima"in" ource and parameter(

4$ =or ite pecific analyi# airphoto pro%ide a4$ =or ite pecific analyi# airphoto pro%ide ahi"h reolution product that can pro%idehi"h reolution product that can pro%ideinformation on differential weatherin"# tone# andinformation on differential weatherin"# tone# andmicrodraina"e$ /hoto may be eaily %iewed inmicrodraina"e$ /hoto may be eaily %iewed intereo to ae relief characteritic$tereo to ae relief characteritic$

7$ Re"ional o%er%iew re2uire lar"e co%era"e area7$ Re"ional o%er%iew re2uire lar"e co%era"e area

and moderate reolution$ .n e&cellent dataand moderate reolution$ .n e&cellent dataource for re"ional application i a yner"iticource for re"ional application i a yner"iticcombination of radar and optical ima"e tocombination of radar and optical ima"e tohi"hli"ht terrain and te&tural information$hi"hli"ht terrain and te&tural information$


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Today# with each new atellite in pace#Today# with each new atellite in pace#ome of the pre%iou wor* ha to beome of the pre%iou wor* ha to berepeated in order to tet the newrepeated in order to tet the newtechnolo"ie$ Thi ha led to a widertechnolo"ie$ Thi ha led to a wider

acceptance of remote enin" foracceptance of remote enin" for"eolo"ical application and it ha found it"eolo"ical application and it ha found itplace amon" the dicipline of the earthplace amon" the dicipline of the earthcience$cience$


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Interpretation of the pictureInterpretation of the picture

The Na%ajo SandtoneThe Na%ajo Sandtone

++aa, i the bri"htet in"le unit in the cene# followed by the %alley floor to the, i the bri"htet in"le unit in the cene# followed by the %alley floor to theeat# much of which i co%ered by allu%iumeat# much of which i co%ered by allu%ium

++bb,$ The Entrada,$ The Entrada

++cc, and :in"ate, and :in"ate

++dd

, Sandtone are notably dar*er# a i the top urface of the Mea%erde, Sandtone are notably dar*er# a i the top urface of the Mea%erde

++ee,$ Note that the :in"ate >pinche> out alon" the =old toward the bottom of,$ Note that the :in"ate >pinche> out alon" the =old toward the bottom ofthe ima"e# which u""et that it dip teepen ma*in" it outcrop patternthe ima"e# which u""et that it dip teepen ma*in" it outcrop patternthinner$ The ?ayenta =ormationthinner$ The ?ayenta =ormation

++ff, i barely dicernible in the ima"e a a thin# dar*er tone# but the 1hinle, i barely dicernible in the ima"e a a thin# dar*er tone# but the 1hinle

++gg,# alo dar*er# ha a wider outcrop pattern# becaue it i thic*er and le,# alo dar*er# ha a wider outcrop pattern# becaue it i thic*er and leteeply dippin"$ The Emery Sandtoneteeply dippin"$ The Emery Sandtone

++hh, ha a dar*er tone than the o%erlyin" Mau* Shale, ha a dar*er tone than the o%erlyin" Mau* Shale++ii, becaue# in the field# it i dar* brown +imilar to the 3a*ota Sandtone een, becaue# in the field# it i dar* brown +imilar to the 3a*ota Sandtone een

in the fore"round of thi picture from the "round,$in the fore"round of thi picture from the "round,$


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Thee dar*Thee dar*

feature arefeature are

outpillin" of altoutpillin" of alt

that ha%e beenthat ha%e been

called >altcalled >alt

"lacier>$"lacier>$


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.tla Mountain ytem of.tla Mountain ytem ofnorthwet .fricanorthwet .frica


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.tla Mountain ytem of.tla Mountain ytem ofnorthwet .fricanorthwet .frica


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The white inuou band a"aint a fold rid"eThe white inuou band a"aint a fold rid"e

i a dry tream or wadi$i a dry tream or wadi$


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Thee are the hi"het mountain in .frica and reemble part of theThee are the hi"het mountain in .frica and reemble part of the

.lp e&cept that the %e"etation i ditinctly different$.lp e&cept that the %e"etation i ditinctly different$


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ReferenceReference

"a$confe&$com)"a"a$confe&$com)"a www$pace$"c$ca)ac)en")atellite)hyper@www$pace$"c$ca)ac)en")atellite)hyper@geologygeology$ap$ap www$pie$or")conferencewww$pie$or")conference www$"ide%elopment$net)application)www$"ide%elopment$net)application) geologygeology)mineral)mineral www$"eo"$le$ac$u*)cti)r$htmlwww$"eo"$le$ac$u*)cti)r$html um"c$olemi$edu)pdf)reearch)in"ram@reearch$pdfum"c$olemi$edu)pdf)reearch)in"ram@reearch$pdf www$"eoforum$e)@file)*al@Remote@ABA544$pdfwww$"eoforum$e)@file)*al@Remote@ABA544$pdf e"ip$jrc$it)att'4A49)rA5$pdfe"ip$jrc$it)att'4A49)rA5$pdf www$loc$"o%)rr)citech) tracer'bullet)www$loc$"o%)rr)citech) tracer'bullet)remoteremoteenetb$htmlenetb$html ccr$nrcan$"c$ca)reource) tutor)fundam)chapter;)A5@e$phpccr$nrcan$"c$ca)reource) tutor)fundam)chapter;)A5@e$php

www$crm$u"a$edu)www$crm$u"a$edu) www$itc$nl)ilwi)www$itc$nl)ilwi)applicationsapplications)application49$ap)application49$ap http())www$water2uality$de)hydrobio$hw)RTERMS$CTMhttp())www$water2uality$de)hydrobio$hw)RTERMS$CTM

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GEOLOGY Burcu Gulses