Geopolitica de La Cultura ~ Armando Mattelart

8/3/2019 Geopolitica de La Cultura ~ Armando Mattelart

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Afaõknef bm af k}mrrf grìf * 65

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Af kacofanxfenõj eclc `crnxcjm ** 55

Ma l}jbc eclc mutfenc wnfa***** ** 57

Af aõknef bma wca}lmj ** 50

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Bmaf bmlcerfenf f afbmlcerfenf bm lmrefbc * 667

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Af bnwmrunbfb e}a}rfa8 mjrm `nucrnf ~ kmctcaìnef 65>

Ecjrf ma cawnbcbm af `nucrnf * 624

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Onoanckrfgìf bm Frlfjb Lfmafr mj efumaafjc *** 6;5

G}mjmu bm acu Rrfofhcu _mecknbcu mj ma TrmumjmWca}lmj* * 6;7

T_ÕACKC

Af bmurmk}afenõj jmcanomrfa bm Hcu unumlfu f}bncwnu}famu ~ bm

mamecl}jnefencjmu `f ecjwmrnbc ma /lmrefbc bm af e}a}rf/mj }jf ft}muf er}enfa tfrf afu tcaìnefu `mkmlõjnefu* Nlt}aufbc tcr acu }jnwmrufamu bm af ecl}jnefenõj ~ u}u wmecrmuîejnecu! `f clfbc gcrlf }j muv}mlf cfanxfbcr bm rmcrkfjnxfenõj bma l}jbc* B}rfjm l}e`c nmltc! afu g}mrxfu bmaeflonc `fj rmamkfbc ma ælonc bm af e}a}rf f af efmkcr ìf bm

wfrnfoam fjenafr bm afu l}fencjmu mecjõlnefu* Fjm ma ermenmjm trmbclnjnc bma trcemuc bm ecungnefenõj lmrefjna! tcecf tcec um form tfuc }jf clf bm ecjenmjenf v}m m z z l n j f aftrcoamlænef bma muf}c bm af e}a}rf ~ bm u}u* t r f z & n e f u `fuf ma ecrfxõj lnulc bm acu trc~mecu bm mlfjftffcj bmlc,

erænef*

Af ecjur}eenõj bm crf l}jbnfanxfenõj! mu bmenr! bm crf gcrlf bm njmkrfenõj bm afu ucenmbfbmu `}lfjfu mj }j ecjh}jcv}m afu u}tmrf fa lnulc nmltc v}m afu wfacrnxf! flonîj bmtmjbm! ~ mj krfj lmbnbf! bma bmumjafem bm afu*mjuncjmu ~ bm

acu ecjganecu mj ma umjc bm efbf }jf bm afu UCENmbfbmu* Bmubm

unmltrm! afu gcrlfu bm njmkrfenõj mj lfer3eculcu e f b z wmxlæu wfucu `fj unbc tmrenonbfu eclc }j jmukc ~! fa 3 a U z Cnmltc! eclc }j rn}jgc* Af flmjfxf bm a*f ` c l c k m j m a X f z c j~ bm }jf j}mwf hmrfrv}nxfenõj bm acu r z * } e & z . E c u l c u `f 3a33unmltrm l}~ rmfa! ac lnulc v}m af fltanfenõj bm a z u t C z a o a a n ¬bfbmu rmafnwfu f af rmbmgnjnenõj bm acu trcemucu bm Nbmjnbfb*Tcr maac `f unbc jmemufrnc v}m acu njbnwnb}cu ~ acu t}moacu

mjgrmjfbcu f mufu j}mwfu gcrlfu bm ucenfonanbfb afu wnwfj

eclc }j bmufg ìc ecamenwc ~ jc eclc af nltcunenõj v}m tmufucorm }jcu æclcu anormu* Acu eclofmu tcr af bnwmrunbfb bm

afu e}a}rfu ecjbnencjfj af ecjur}eenõj ta}rfa bm }jf }jn,

wmrufanbfb njîbnf*

Matrmumjm anorc fmunk}f ma rmecrrnbc b m } j t m j z f l n m j r c ~! faf wmx! ma bm afu cefuncjmu ecjermfu v}m ac u}uenfj* _meckm!



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mj mgmec! rmgampncjmu v}m um mpnmjbmj f ac a frkc bm }jcu bnmx

föcu* T}oanefbfu mj grfjeîu! mj gcrlf bm frìe}acu fj}famu mj

}j f mjeneactmbnf bmunjfbf fa krfj tøoanec! fa`nac bm acufecj,menlnmjcu ~ bm af me acunõj c af lfb}rfenõj bm fac e}fa bm,ofm! um mje}mjrfj rm}jnbfu tc r wmx trnlmrf! mj }jf corf

}jnfrnf* Ma crbmj bm acu eftì}acu! tcr ecjunk}nmjm! um fnmjmf af murnef ercjcackìf bm u} t}oanefenõj crnknjfa* Ma anorcfrrfjef f trnjentncu bm acu föcu jcwmjf ecj ma mlf bm afk}mrrf ~ af njgcrlfenõj! ecj lcnwc bma trnlmr ecjganec kac,ofa bm af `nucrnf! ma bma kcagc Tîrunec* Ecjea}~m ecj }j rfof,hc ucorm af bnwmrunbfb e}a}rfa muernc mj ?44?! ofhc ma nlt}auc

bma Umk}jbc Gcrc Ucenfa L}jbnfa bm Tcrc Famkrm* Mjrm fl

ocu lclmjcu u}rknmrcj! u}emunwflmjm! mlfu rmamwfjmu famueclc af rmmur}e}rfenõj bm af njb}urnf t}oanenfrnf l}jbnfa!

a}kfr bm crnkmj bm afu trnlmrfu bcernjfu ucorm af aaflfbf

e}a}rf kacofa! ~ acu ecrrmutcjbnmjmu munacu bm wnbf9 af j}mwfamknnlnbfb bm acu mu}bncu ucorm ecju}lc bm trcb}ecu e}a,

}rfamu ~ acu }ucu bm afu læv}njfu bm ecl}jnefr9 afu ecjrcwmrunfu femref bm a +f /mpemtenõj/ e}a}rfa ~ acu lærkmjmu bm

lfjncorf bm afu tcaìnefu tøoanefu mj ma ælonc bm 64 f}bncwn,u}fa9 af jf}rfamxf bma trcemuc bm l}jbnfanxfenõj9 afu mejc,}ctìfu c acu bnue}rucu `me`nxfjmu ucorm afu wnr}bmu bm afurmbmu bm ecl}jnefenõj9 af nbmcackìf mj fec bm af ucenmbfb bmaf njgcrlfenõj* Rcbcu acu mlfu! tmum f u} fltanc fofjnec!ecjwmrkmj mj af afjenjfjm e}munõj bma ecjganenwc muf}c

bm acu/trcb}ecu bm af lmjm/ mj af mrf bm afu lmbnfencjmunjb}urnfamu! îejnefu ~ lmrefjnamu* Un}fr af gfum ecjmltc

ræjmf bm af njmkrfenõj l}jbnfa mj af mutmu}rf bm af `nucrnf!mj mucu nmltcu mj v}m rmnjf af fljmunf8 fa mu ma `nac rchc v}m

mjafxf f mufu ce`c ecjrno}encjmu mutmeìgnefu*

Ma eclofm tcr af e}a}rf mu }j eclofm tc r af amjk}f* Tcrmuf rfxõj! jc t}mbm fourfmrum bm af erìnef bm afu tfaforfumptcanfbfu bm u} lmlcrnf tcr ma trfklfnulc trctnc bma lf,

jfkmlmjr* Mum anorc! tcr fjc! flonîj mu }jf njwnfenõj flfjmjmr bnufjenfu rmutmec f }j wcefo}afrnc v}m fbv}nrnõefrf bm en}bfbfjìf fa lnulc nmltc v}m amknnlfof! eclc

jcrlf }jnwmrufa! }jf wnunõj }jìwcef bma l}jbc ~ bm u} tcr,wmjnr*

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Njgcrlfenõj ~ aõknefu bm k}mrrf

Af k}mrrf bma Kcagc `f w}mac f n z e a } n r m ma c r b m * z bma b ìf

fu}jcu v}m `fj hfacjfbc af `nucrnf bm af a z c r l f C 3 j beub*mlmbnfbcu bma unkac PNP* F af wmx v}m tmrlnìf ftrmenfr ecjn,j}nbfbmu! mum trnlmr ecjganec njmrjfencjfa bma tmrìcbc bmtcuk}mrrf grìf tcjìf bm lfjngnmuc N z 8 } t } r f z v}m! b z u b m magnjfa bm acu ecjganecu bma U}rmum muænec! `foafj u}rkbc mj

af trcb}eenõj ~ mj af bng}unõj b j c z z n f u !mj* nmltc bm k}m,rrf* Ac ce}rrnbc mj crjc f mu f un}fenõj aìlnm `f `me`c t z unoam v}m! ecj af f~}bf bm af j}mwf nbmcackìfbm af r f j u t f r 8 + ! a z 3v}m efrfemrnxf f j}murfu / u c z n z z f b m u bm af ecl}r}efecj !um t}mbfj mue}e`fr enmrcu fjæanunu z c o r m afu xcjfu c z f e f u * bmacu unumlfu bm njgcrlfenõj v}m mj nmltc bm tfx `foafj U N z Cunamjenfbcu* Tfrf v}nmj femtm lfjmjmrum f }jf t r } b m j z bNU,fjenf bm afu mgìlmrfu aõknefu bma 66bnrmec/ ~ un}frum* z }jf

tmrutmenwf `nuõrnef! af k}mrrf bma Kcagc mu!+8ajf cefuìcj t r z ¬tnenf tfrf lmbnr lmhcr ma tmuc bm af k m 4 H 8 4 a z e f * mj }j tfaufH*mnjgcrlfencjfafa v}m acu föcu c e z m j z `foafjlcfbc f z t r c p a ¬lfrum! efun mpea}unwflmjm! mj îrrr}jcu bm kmcmecjcrlf ~ bm

aõknefu gnjfjenmrfu*

Af cefunõj flonîj mu gfwcrfoam tfrf rmtafjmfrum muf b z e f b fbm bmeafrfenõj bm 66k}mrrf mecjõlnef/ ~ rffr bm fwmrnk}fr

acu efloncu v}m af ermenmjm amknnlnbfb bma l m r e f b c , l z j b c~ bm af mecjclìf,l}jbc! ~ u}u a õ k n z z u bm b z u r m k } a f z a C j ~kacofanxfenõj bm afu rmbmu bm njgcrlfenõj! `fj njrcb}enbc mjma muf}c ~ mj ma tftma bm af njgcrlfenõj mj ma umjc bm afuucenmbfbmu bmlcerænefu*

Af ermfenõj bm af am~mjbf

Afu trnlmrfu `}maafu bm h}rnutr}bmjenf lcbmrjf z r lfmrnf

bm emju}rf bm af njgcrlfenõj mj tmrìcbc bm `cunanbfbmu um



rwFFJBL!*r!*RRMag+a*l/

rmlcjfj f af k}mrrf bm Ernlmf (60=2,=7.! b}rfjm af e}fa afunlækmjmu bma mfrc bm ctmrfencjmu g}mrcj emju}rfbfu* Magcõkrfgc ornæjnec _ckmr Gmjcj co}wc af f}crnxfenõj bma Mufbc Lf~cr tfrf crjfr gcckrfgìfu! unmltrm ~ e}fjbc }wnmrfo}mj e}nbfbc bm ma}bnr acu `crrcrmu bm af k}mrrf ecj ma gnj bm

jc fu}ufr f afu gflnanfu bm acu ucabfbcu* Ma rmu}afbc ecjununõmj rmuenmjfu umumjf tafefu! mj afu v}m af k}mrrf tfrmem }jf

mpe}runõj efltmurm* _mu}af cbfwìf læu ucrtrmjbmjm un umnmjm mj e}mjf v}m muf wnunõj ecjrfufof ecj af v}m! f trctõunc bm afu lffjxfu bm af offaaf bm Ofafiafwf! trctcrencjfofj acu frìe}acu bma tmrncbnuf [naanfl @c{frb _}uumaa mjma Rnlmu! acu e}famu ecjr no}ìfj f af clf bm ecjenmjenf bmaTfraflmjc ~ bm af ctnjnõj tøoanef femref bm af jf}rfamxf bmaecjganec* ]j lmu fjmu bma gnjfa bm af k}mrrf! mj gmorm rc bm

60=7! ma fac lfjbc ornæjnec bmenbnõ tcjmr îrlnjc fa anormmhmrenenc bma tmrncbnulc! mpnknmjbc! tcr bmermc! v}m acu rmtcrmrcu mu}wnmumj fermbnfbcu fjm afu f}crnbfbmu lnanfrmu*

Af ermmjenf mj af cljntcmjenf bm acu lmbncu tfrf `femr ~bmu`femr acu `me`cu! ermmjenf v}m af k}mrrf `f gclmjfbc

fltanflmjm! frrfnkõl}~ trcjc mj af `nu crnf bm acu lcbmr

jcu lmbncu bm ecl}jnefenõj* Af Ecjume}mjenf g}m af amknnlfenõj bm af emju}rf* Bmubm mjcjemu! ~ ecj cefunõj bm efbf

krfj ecjganec frlfbc! afu f}crnbfbmu um e}nbfræj bm amknnlfr u}u lmbnbfu rmurnenwfu tfrnmjbc bm fecjmenlnmjcu

fjmrncrmu b}rfjm acu e}famu af trmunõj bm af ctnjnõj tøoanef`forìf njga}nbc mj ma bmufrrcaac bm afu ctmrfencjmu* Ma grfjeîuK}ufwm Am Ocj g}m ma trnlmrc mj coumrwfr! f gnjfamu bm 6>6=!lnmjrfu fjfanxfof afu /njemrnb}lormu bm acu rmafcu bm off

aafu/ cgnenfamu! v}m acu lnanfrmu um ftc~fofj mj bcu fjmembmjmu `nuõrnecu tfrf amknnlfr af emju}rf k}omrjflmjfa

bmermfbf mj fkcuc bm 6>628 af k}mrrf grfjec,tr}unfjf bm 60;4!ecj ma jclorflnmjc bm Ofxfnjm ~ af lfre`f bm Lfe,Lf`cj

ucorm Umbfj! ~ af k}mrrf `nutfjcflmrnefjf bm 60>0* Muf øanlf! crv}mufbf tc r ma lfkjfm bm trmjuf mufbc}jìbmjum

[naanfl _fjbcat` @mfru* v}nmj mj u}u tmrnõbnecu `foìf afjxfbc }jf efltföf tfrf gcrxfram af lfjc fa kconmrjc bm u}tfìu! njenæjbcac f mjwnfr rctfu f af nuaf bm E}of tfrf mpt}aufr f acu mutföcamu bm }jf bm u}u øanlfu tcumuncjmu* Mum fecjmenlnmjc `nuõrnec `f unbc njlcrfanxfbc tcr Crucj [maamumj af trnlmrf ume}mjenf bm Ennxmj Ifjm* Lmrcbmfræ b}rfjm

l}e`c nmltc mj ma nlfknjfrhc bm v}nmjmu fjfanxfræj afu rmafencjmu mjrm njgcrlfenõj ~ k}mrrf* Am Ocj flonîj bmufeõ

acu mgmecu jmkfnwcu bm 64 v}m a aflõ ma /lîcbc bma unamjenc/ucorm af tcoafenõj enwna*

Muf mpnkmjenf bm amknnlfenõj ofufbf mj af njmrtrmfenõj `nu,õrnef bm fecjmenlnmjcu fjmrncrmu um tcjm j}mwflmjm bm

lfjngnmuc b}rfjm af k}mrrf bma Kcagc8 ma ecjrca mhmrenbc tc r}j tcca ofhc af rmutcjufonanbfb bnrmef bm a fac lfjbc lnanfr!um njuf}rõ mj jclorm bm af tmrlnunwnbfb mj lfmrnf bm njgcrlfenõj! v}m `foìf unbc af rmkaf b}rfjm af k}mrrf bm Wnmjfl*Af rmgmrmjenf fa fjmembmjm wnmjflnf ~f `foìf amknnlfbc afbrfecjnfjf emju}rf ~ af njf}k}rfenõj bma unumlf bm tcca! nlt}mufu tcr afu f}crnbfbmu ornæjnefu b}rfjm af k}mrrf bm afuLfawnjfu v}m! mj 6>0?! mjgrmjõ f afu rctfu bm man m bma _mnjc]jnbc ecj afu bma rîknlmj lnanfr frkmjnjc*

Rflföf wnunõj bma trmembmjm wnmjflnf! v}m mrnkm f af mamwnunõj mj fkmjm bm af bmrrcf ~ h}ungnef ma rnkcr bma mlofrkc bmafu jcnenfu! `f unbc fj w}akfrnxfbf v}m l}~ tcecu ucj acuv}m af `fj uclmnbc f af ernof bm af erìnef* Af nlfkmj ecløj

lmjm fblnnbf bm af k}mrrf bm Wnm jfl mu af bm }jf anwnjk

rccl {fr!}jf k}mrrf u}lnjnurfbf cbcu acu b ìfu mj bnrme c facu chcu bma l}jbc* Unj mlofrkc! enmrcu tcanõackcu mufbc}jnbmjumu `fj rme`fxfbc muf nlfkmj9 mu ma efuc bma trcgmucrBfjnma B* @faanj! bm af }jnwmrunbfb bm Efangcrjnf! v}nmj! rfu}jf lnj}encuf njwmunkfenõj ucorm afu njgcrlfencjmu bnw}akf

bfu tc r afu efbmjfu bm mamwnunõj b}rfjm muf k}mrrf! `f aamkfbc f af ecjea}unõj bm v}m îufu jc `fjbmumltmöfbc ma tftma

bm a ìbmr bm ctnjnõj* Mj f}umjenf! njea}uc! bm }jf emju}rf k}omrjflmjfa! afu efbmjfu jcrmflmrnefjfu bnufj l}e`c bm

`fomr lcurfbc /acu `crrcrmu bm af k}mrrf/ ! k}nfbfu eclc acg}mrcj tcr }jf f}cemju}rf bnefbf fjc tc r u}u f}bnmjenfueclc tc r u}u rmafencjmu ecj ma kconmrjc ~ ma mhîrenc* ^ mu tc rac v}m Bfjnma B* @faanj aamkf f bmenr v}m ma frk}lmjc /k}mrrf

bm Wnmjfl/ mu }jc bm acu lncu læu mjfemu mj acu v}m um

ftc~f af fe}fabcernjf lnanfr rmutmec f af emju}rf* Umf e}faumf af gcrlf bm tmjufr! mum ntc bm coumrwfencjmu lmrmem mje}fav}nmr efuc njea}nrum mjrm acu njmrrckfjmu v}m tcjmj mj

mjrmbne`c afu nbmfu trmwnfu ~ am rmun}~mj f af jcenõj bm /emj

u}rf/ cbf u} ecltamhnbfb ucenfa*



Bm af trctfkfjbf f af k}mrrf tunecaõknef

Mj }j trnjentnc mrf af trctfkfjbf! v}m mjì f f af emju}rf tcr

ecrcafrnc* G}m b}rfjm af Trnlmrf K}mrrf L}jbnfa e}fjbc af/trctfkfjbf/ tmrbnõ u} unkjngnefbc rmankncuc! trcwmjnmjm bm

af /trctfkfenõj bm af gm/ ~ bm af bcernjf bm acu tfrnbcu rmwca}encjfrncu! tfrf ecjwmrnrum mj }j fu}jc bm Mufbc* Mj mumz c j g a n ! e 3 /cfa/! k}mrrf tcaìnef! k}mrrf mecjõlnef ~ k}mrrf

nbmcaõknef g}mrcj tcr trNlmrf wmx fj bmenunwfu eclc afu feencjmu ucorm ma mr rmjc*

Îum mu ma ecjmpc mj ma v}m acu kconmrjcu t}unmrcj f t}jc

afu trnlmrfu mjfnwfu bm kmunõj bm af ctnjnõj f krfj muefaf!~ muf mptmrnmjenf lcnwfræ! ftmjfu ecjea}nbfu afu `cunanbfbmu! afu ecjemt}fanxfencjmu bm af ucencackìf bm af ecl}jnefenõj bm lfufu! mjcjemu njentnmjm* Bm gcrlf unkjngnefnwf! aftrnlmrf corf! t}oanefbf mj 6>?;! ~ ecjunbmrfbf g}jbfbcrf bm

muf bnuentanjf jfenbf mj acu Mufbcu ]jnbcu! a amwfof ma ì}acTrctfkfjbf Rme jnv}m nj `m [crab [fr* U} f}cr! @frcab B*Afuu{maa! mu! fbmlæu! ma njwmjcr bm af gflcuf gõrl}af 6( bm afu= V/! v}m ! u}t}muflmjm! unøf afu

atrmk}jfu mumjenfamu v} m

`fj bm tafjmfrum tfrf fjfanxfr af feenõj bm acu lmbncu lfunwcu bm ecl}jnefenõj8 /V}nîj bnem V}î f V}nîj tcr V}î efjfa ecj* v}î mgmec/* Crf corf af `foìf trmembnbc mj 6>??!T}oaneCtnr}cj! bm [famr Anttlfj! v}nmj! f u} wmx ! mpr fmrì fmjumöfjxfu bm af Krfj K}mrrf ~ um ecjwmrnrìf mj }jc bm acutrnlmrcu eaæunecu bm af ucencackìf bma tmrncbnulc*

af trctfkfjbf ufanõ bm muf tr}mof bm g}mkc ecj }jf trmun

kncuf f}rmcaf* Af nbmf bm u} cljntcmjenf ecjv}nuõ bmgnjnnwflmj*m u} a m k n n l n z f b ucenfa! njea}uc f tmufr bm v}m fak}jfu

wcemu fnuafbfu rmt}bnfrcj ac v}m! f u} h}nenc! mrf }jf /lncacknxfenõj/ bm }j gmjõlmjc ucormwfacrfbc* Tmrc ev}î t}mbm

`femrum ecjrf ac v}m um ecjun}ìf mj j}mwf mwnbmjenf ~ e}fj

bc acu trctncu wmjenbcu fblnìfj v}m mrf ucorm cbc mj mum

z m r r m j c mj ma v}m `foìfj tmrbnbc af k}mrrf ~ v}m `foìfj unbcleftfemu bm ecjrfrrmufr afu cefwnaafu ~ acu ecl}jnefbcu bmacu Fanfbcu3 Mum frk}lmjc umræ rme}tmrfbc fak}jcuföcu læu

z f r b m tcr * z b c a g @namr mj Lmnj Ifltgtfrf h}ungnefr lmhcr afnltafjfenõj bma lmefjnulc tfrf af /gcrlfenõj bm acu mutìrn}u/*

667mcrHcNNrif bm af*!**}l

B}rfjm af Trnlmrf K}mrrf L}jbnfa! af emju}rf g}m mutmenfalmjm rnk}rcuf mj Grfjenf ~ mj acu Mufbcu ]jnbcu! tmrc jc

fuì mj ma _mnjc ]jnbc bcjbm afu f}crnbfbmu um wnmrcj coankfbfu f femtfr læu ecltrclnucu ,ucorm cbc mj lfmrnf bm

trctfkfjbf bmunjfbf f acu en}bfbfjcu ornæjnecu, grmjm f

acu tfrnbcu bm af ctcunenõj v}m mlìfj v}m ma kconmrjc bm}lc `nenmrf }j }uc tfrnbfrnc bm mu m rmgcrxflnmjc bma ecjrca bm af njgcrlfenõj* ]j njgcrlm! t}oanefbc mj 6>>6 tcr afg}jbfenõj Kfjjm ,,ermfbf tcr ma trctnmfrnc b m } jc bm aculæu nltcrfjmu kr}tcu bm trmjuf bm acu Mufbcu ]jnbcu, mj

ma v}m um bmuer nom af `nu crnf bm af emju} rf bma c r c a fbc bma

Faæjnec! aamkf njea}uc f fgnrlfr v} m af umwmrnbfb bm af emju}

rf g}m fa! v}m afu ern nefu bm afu v}m g}mrcj cohmc mufu lmbn

bfu bmut}îu bm a ecjganec coankfrcj f [fu`njkcj f u}fwnxfr

ecjunbmrfoamlmjm u} bcer njf* Tcr muc! af emju}rf mufoamenbf b}rfjm af Umk}jbf K}mrrfL}jbnfa jc }wc t}jc bm ecltfrfenõj ecj af trmembmjm* Unk}nmjbc ecj mum njgcrlm! `foræ

v}m mutmrfr f ce}orm bm 6>05! mu bmenr f af njmrwmjenõj bm aculfrnjmu mj af nuaf bm Krfjfbf! tfrf wm r eõlc ma Tmjækcjcrmuf}rf bmgfec }j rîknlmj bm emju}rf f j murnec* Mum rîknlmj um njun}encjfanxfræ ~ um wcawmræ brfecjnfjc b}rfjm afk}mrrf bma Kcagc*

B}rfjm cbc ma tmrìcbc bm mjrmk}mrrfu trmwfamemræ af nbmf

bm v}m acu lmbncu ~ af ctnjnõj tøoanef t}mbmj umr lfjnt}af

bcu! nbmf v}m! trmenuflmjm! bmufrrcaaf af corf bm @frcab B*Afuu{maa* Ma rmemtcr mu ecjunbmrfbc eclc }j umr u}lnuc f afu}kmunõj* Afu muemjfu bm njf}bnf mlcenõj trcwcefbfu tcr

/af njwfunõj bm acu lfrenfjcu/ b}rfjm af bng}unõj bm Af k}m

rrf bm acu l}jbcu bm @K*[maau! trmumjfbf tcr Crucj [maamumj afu cjbfu bm af EOU! ma5ñ bm ce}orm bm 6>50! jc g}mrcj afuøanlfu mj rmgcrxfr af nbmf bma tcbmr bm mum j}mwc lmbnc!

eftfx bm u}uenfr }j tæjnec ecjfkncuc ,~ maac mj }j eanlf mjma v}m afu mcrìfu bm acu tuneõackcu om`fwncrnufu ~ tfwacwnfjcu

nofj wnmjc mj tctf*

Af nbmf bm lfjnt}afenõj muæ! un efom! læu trmumjm! cbf wmx

v} m mj ma `crnxcjm bmut}jf ma bnutcun nwc bm trctfkfjbf

bma jfxnulc v}m! f u} lfjmrf! `f ufefbc afu mjumöfjxfu bma

g rfefuc bm af Krfj K}mrrf ~ `f ftrcwme`fbc afu bma fkn,trctucwnînec* Af Famlfjnf jfxn ~ af ]jnõj Ucwnînef g}mrcj mj,



cjemu acu øjnecu Mufbcu bcfbcu bm }j bnutcunnwc bm trc,

tfkfjbf njmrncr ~ mpmrncr ~ v}m `f j njun}encjfanxfbc afemju}rf* Rflonîj g}mrcj acu trnlmrcu v}m njmrjfencjfanxf,

Rcj u}u mlnuncjmu rfbncgõjnefu! fbmafjæjbcum f ornæjnecu!mufbc}jnbmjumu ~ grfjemumu*

Mu mj }j mjcrjc l}jbnfa bm famu efrfemrìunefu mj ma v}m ummafocrfj! mj acu rmkìlmjmu bmlcerænecu! afu trnlmrfu rmgampncjmu mõrnefu ~ um bnumöfj afu trnlmrfu tcaìnefu mj lfmrnf bmecl}jnefenõj ~ kmunõj bm af ctnjnõj tøoanef mj îtcef bmtfx* Maofjec bm tr}mofu mu ma Jm{Cmfa ofhc af trmunbmjenf bmM B* _ccumwma! tmrìcbc v}m um njnenf mj 6>55 ~ b}rfjm ma e}fama kconmrjc mufbc}jnbmjum! mj o}uef bm }jf murfmknf bm ufanbf bm af ernunu! um njmrmuf tcr afu îejnefu bm ecl}jnefenõj*Af ecl}jnefenõj um ecjwnmrm mj }j frm bm kcomrjfr* @femju} ftfrnenõj mj muf îtcef acu trnlmrcu ofrõlmrcu bma mufbcbm ctnjnõj bm af tcoafenõj! afu trnlmrfu njwmunkfencjmu ucorm

f}bnmjenfu bma lmbnc rfbnc! fuì eclc af trnlmrf lmbnenõjlmeæjnef bm f}bnmjenf (ma f}bìlmrc.* Kmcrkm Kfaa}t! v}m ackrf trmwmr af rmmameenõj bm _ccumwma mj 6>57! afjxf acu trnlmrcu ucjbmcu bm ctnjnõj `fenf lmbnfbcu bm acu fgfu rmnjf ~!mj 6>50! Ymfj Ucmxm6acu nltcrf mj Grfjenf ~ g}jbf ma Njun} grfjefnu bm a+ctnjncj t}oanv}m (NGCT.*

Af Umk}jbf K}mrrf L}jbnfa ecjwmrnræ af njgcrlfenõj ~ afe}a}rf mj }jc bm acu grmjmu murfîknecu bm af kmctcaìnef*Tfrf `femr grmjm f afu tcmjenfu bma Mhm mj Flîrnef Afnjf! afEfuf Oafjef um wnc mj af coankfenõj bm rmtafjmfr u}u murfmknfu mj mum æloncf tfrnr bm 6>50!ac v}m nltanefof ma bmgnjn

nwc fofjbcjc bma trnjentnc bm fnuafencjnulc ~ bm u} ecrcafrnc!af f}umjenf bm }jf tcaìnef cgnenfa bm njgcrlfenõj njmrjfencjfa* _mecrbmlcu v}m mj 6>6>! }jf wmx rmecorfbf af tfx ! acuMufbcu ]jnbcu `foìfj bmulfjmafbc! eclc af lf~crìf bm acurmkìlmjmu bmlcerænecu! 64v}m `foìf unbc! fa lnulc nmltc!af trnlmrf cgnenjf bm emju}rf ~ af trnlmrf fkmjenf bm trctf,

kfjbf bma kconmrjc8 ma eclnî Ermma (ecjcenbc tc r ma jclorm

bma tmrncbnuf v}m ac trmunbìf.* Jc coufjm! `fuf 6>2?af EfufOafjef jc um bcfræ bm }jf rfbnc8 Wcnem cg Flîrnef* Mj mufulnulfu gme fu flonîj um ecjun}~mj acu bcu crkfjnulcu mjacu v}m rmefmræ af rmutcjufonanbfb bm af kmunõj bm af njgcrlfenõj `fuf af eftn}afenõj8 af C[N (Cggnem cg [fr ajgcrlfncj.

*5EnmctcNnrNfN bm af e}a}rf

~ af 4= = (Cggnem cì Urfmkne Umrwnee\* mjefrkfbfu! af trnlmrf

bm afu ctmrfencjmu bm trctfkfjbf fonmrf (cwmr trctfkfjbf. ~af umk}jbf bm afu ctmrfencjmu eafjbmunjfu (ecwmr trctfkfj,bf.* Acu mutmenfanufu mj enmjenfu ucenfamu g}mrcj lcwnanxfbcumj mum grmjm nbmcaõknec v}m! mj ac u}emunwc! um ecjcemræ eclc

ma bm af /k}mrrf tunecaõknef/ (tu~e cacknefN {frgfrm.! ecjemtcfe}öfbc! bm `me`c! mj Famlfjnf* Acu ornæjnecu trmgmrnræj

ecjumrwfr ma îrlnjc /k}mrrf tcaìnef/ (tcannefa {frgfrm.*

Umræ mj muf a}e`f ecjrf af Famlfjnf jfxn ~ Hftõj bcjbm umecbngnefræj acu ecjemtcu ~ afu træenefu bm af njgcrlfenõj mjnmltc bm k}mrrf* Enmrf gcrlf bm trctfkfjbf! mjrm crfu!`nxc jcfoamu trckrmucu8 af oafei trctfkfjbf! c trctfkfjbf

jmkrf! v}m bmtmjbm bm acu umrwnencu bm Njmankmjenf ~ v}m ecjunum mj gfornefr ~ bng}jbnr gfaufu njgcrlfencjmu ~ r}lcrmu*

Af aõknef bm af k}mrrf grìf

Fa gnjfanxfr af Umk}jbf K}mrrf L}jbnfa! acu crkfjnulcu mufbc}jnbmjumu mjefrkfbcu bm af njgcrlfenõj um ecjwnrnmrcj faf w nbf enwna* Af CUU tfuõ f umr af ENF (Emjrfa RjmaankmjemFkmje~.! v}m afjxfræ bcu rfbncueafjbmunjfu (_fbnc Grmm M}rctm ~ _fbnc Anomr~.! }jf bnrnknbf mpea}unwflmjm f af ]jnõj

Ucwnînef ~ af crf f acu tfìumu bma Mum* Af C[N! tcr u} tfrm!g}m u}un}nbf tc r }j umrwnenc bm njgcrlfenõj njmrjfencjfabmtmjbnmjm bma Bmtfrflmjc bm Mufbc* Mj 6>=5! fa îrlnjc bm af k}mrrf bm Ecrmf! um ecjwmrnræ mj crkfjnulc f}õjc,lc! af ]URF (]jnmb UfmuNjgcrlfncj Fkmje~.! fkmjenf cgnenfabm njgcrlfenõj bma kconmrjc bm acu Mufbcu ]jnbcu*

Af k}mrrf grìf g}m }jf k}mrrf bm njgcrlfenõj unj tnmbfb! mjflocu ofjbcu* Rcbcu acu kcatmu mufofj tmrlnnbcu* Mj acumuemjfrncu bm mjgrmjflnmjc l}jbnfa mjrm nbmcackìfu! afuctmrfencjmu bm bmunjgcrlfenõj tfufrcj! bmubm mjcjemu! fgcrlfr tfrm bm af murfmknf*Ecj af jcfoam bngmrmjenf bm v}m!b}rfjm cbc mum tmrìcbc! um gnarfrcj muefufu njgcrlfencjmufemref bma bnutcunnwc njmrjfencjfa bm trctfkfjbf bm af ]jnõj

Ucwnînef ~ bm u}u ufîanmu* ]jf bm afu trnlmrfu bmumrencjmunltcrfjmug}m! mj 6>70!af bma kmjmrfa e`mecHfj Umj~f! v}nmjecjfrìf ecj bmfaam eõlc acu umrwnencu umermcu bma Mum `f,

oìfj ecjumk}nbc mjkföfr f acu tmrncbnufu bma Utnmkma fa `femr,



/N QLFJBLFRRMALR

amu aamkfr! mj 6>7?! acu /tafjmu umermcu ucorm af mu rf mknf bm afCRFJ/! ]jf ctmrfenõj bm bmxnjgcrl¦9¦unf mj af v} m acu umrwn

encu bm Njmankmjenf ucwnînecu um `foìfj ecjwmrnbc mj f}îjnecu lfmurcu*

Muf ctfenbfb bma bnutcunnwc ucwnînec ecjrfufof ecj ma krfjbmutanmk}m mufbc}jnbmjum mj afu fufloamfu amknuafnwfu* Bmubm mum t}jc bm wnuf! bcu lclmjcu rmu}afrcj mumjenfamumj af clf bm ecje nmjen f bm acu trcoamlfu tafjmfbcu tcr afbmunjgcrlfenõj mj }j rîknlmj bmlcerænec8 6>;?! ecj afu ecltfrmemjenfu (@mfrnjku. bm acu g}jencjfr ncu bm af ]UNF fjm af

eclnunõj bm njwmunkfenõj umjfcrnfa trmunbnbf tc r H* [naanflG}aornk`9 6>;7! ecj afu ecltfrmemjenfu bm acu g}jencjfrncu

bm acu crkfjnulcu enwnamu ~ lnanfrmu bm Njmankmjenf fjm afeclnunõj v}m trmunbìf Grfji E`}re`* Mj ma emjrc bma bmofmum mjecjrfofj afu ecwmr ferncju a amwfbfu f efoc tcr mufu njun}encjmu b}rfjm af k}mrrf bm Wnmjfl! fuì eclc afu lfjnc

orfu tfrf nltmbn r v}m acu rmutmenwcu tfrnbcu ecl}jnufuclfrfj ma tcbmr mj Krmenf ~ mj Nfanf! c afu v}m bmumlocefrcj mj ma kcatm bm Mufbc ecjrf ma trnlmr lnjnurc nrfjì L}`fllfb L}ufbbfv* Focrbfbc tcr af eclnunõj G}aornk` ~rffbc ecj bmmjnlnmjc tc r af eclnunõj E`}re`! gnk}rf mjtrnlmr tafjc }j mlf mumjenf a8 ma bm af /ecjflnjfenõj/ ,m aîrlnjc mu bma umjfbcr E`}re`, bm acu lmbncu mufbc}jnbmj

umu tcr njgcrlfencjmu t}mufu mj enre}afenõj tc r acu umrwnencubm Njmankmjenf mufbc}jnbmjumu ~ ma tma nkrc v}m mufu efltfjfu bm bmunjgcrlfenõj mjrföfj tfrf af /trctnf ermbnonanbfbm njbmtmjbmjenf bm acu tmrncbnufu/* Ma lcbmac v}m acu umjfbcrmu mufbc}jnbmjumu nmjmj mjcjemu f af wnuf mu af efltf

öf crkfjnxfbf tc r af ENF tfrf bmrrcefr fa trmunbmjm e`namjcUfawfbcr Faamjbm! mamknbc mj 6>;4! e}fjbc acu krfjbmu tmrnõ

bnecu ~ afu fkmjenfu bm trmjuf ~f `foìfj rmtrcb}enbc fltanflmjm afu njgcrlfencjmu gfornefbfu ~ bnw}akfbfu tc r acuumrwnencu umermcu*

Mufu bcu umrnmu bm ecltfrmemjenfu }wnmrcj ma krfj lîrnc bmfrmwmrum f tafjmfr ma trcoamlf ~ ucorm cbc bm rmecjcemrv}m t}mbmj u}rknr couæe}acu mj ma m hmre ne nc bm acu bmrme`cubmlcerænecu* Mj rmfanbfb! ecjununmrcj! læu v}m mj }j njmrrckfcrnc femref bm afu feencjmu jc ecjgmufbfu! mj }jf njwnfenõj f mpflnjfr af jf}rfamxf lnulf bm af njgcrlfenõj* Nn ³Mu

/mctcNii8fbm af e}a]rf

af trctfkfenõj bm }jf bcernjf ac trctnc bm af trctfkfjbf;/!am mutmfof ma umjfbcr G}aornk f }j munkc v}m am mptcjìf afbngmrmjenf mj rm }jf ~ crf* Ma lîrnc mu}wc! trmenuflmjm!mj tcjmr mj mjrmbne`c afu nbmfu trmwnfu ~ bmlcurfr ac gnjcv}m mrf! bmjrc bm afu tcaìnefu bma tcbmr! ma fonv}m v}m umtfrf f flofu* Afu/ecjgmuncjmu/ jcrmflmrnefjfu bm acu föcu

ummjf ,,mjaf aìjmf bma fu}jc [fmrkfm, ecjrfufofj ecj afef}macuf fen}b bm afu rmufjmu bmlcerfenfu ceenbmjfamu!mj afu v}m ofufof ecj eafungnefr afu feencjmu eafjbmunjfu ecjrf }j kconmrjc! }jf ecamenwnbfb c }j njbnwnb}c! bm ecjgnbmj,enfa Bmgmjuf tfrf tcjmrafu f e}o nm rc bm afu lnrfbfu bm g}mrf*

Trctfkfjbf8 af ernunu bm af njun}enõj

Ecj ma bmrr}loflnmjc bm acu rmkìlmjmu ecl}jnufu! f gnjf

amu bm acu föcu ce`mjf! ma trc~mec trctfkfjbnuf bm fbcernjflnmjc tcjbræ bm rmanmwm! f tmufr bm ac lfunwc bm u}u ga}hcu!

u} nltcmjenf tfrf ackrfr ma ecjrca cfa bm af wnbf njbnwnb}fa~ ecamenwf v}m! jc coufjm! ucaìf frnoørumam*

Mj ma Cmum! af ernunu bm acu crkfjnulcu bm trctfkfjbf! fj}jenfbf b}rfjm acu föcu ummjf! jc aamkõ f umr }jf rmfanbfb `fuf ma gnjfa bm af k}mrrf grìf! af rmwca}enõj bmlcerænef mj ,maMum ~ af k}mrrf bm a Kcagc* Bm `me`c! îucu ucj acu rmu gfecrmu

v}m ma trmunbmjm Kmcrkm O}u` lmjencjf mj ma lmlcræjb}lbnrnknbc f acu mptmrcu mjefrkfbcu! mj forna bm 6>>6! bm trctcjmr rmeclmjbfencjmu tfrf af rmcrkfjnxfenõj bm afu rfbncu ~afu mamwnuncjmu bma kconmrjc! ecj ma gnj bm v}m mucu /lmbncuunkfj unmjbc ecltmnnwcu/9 ecltmnnwcu jc 64 g}mrcj mj af

k}mrrf bma Kcagc! v}m g}m munkc bma nrrmununoam fuemjuc bm afefbmjf trnwfbf EJJ (Efoam Jm{u Jm{cri. eclc njmjjm

bnfrnf bma bnutcunnwc bm lmbnfenõj njmrjfencjfa fuì eclc bmaoacv}mc bm af njgcrlfenõj tc r tfrm bm acu lnanfrmu*

Af k}mrrf bma Kcagc! bmubm ma t}jc bm wnuf bm afu murfmknfubm njgcrlfenõj ~ emju}rf bm afu f}crnbfbmu lnanfrmu jcrmflmrnefjfu! mu e aæunef ~! f af wmx ! njjcwfbcrf* Eaæunef tcrv}m

`f tmrtm}fbc afu îejnefu bm k}mrrf tu*necaõknef ` m r m b f z z ubm ecjganecu fjmrncrmu! eclc acu aaflflnmjcu f af bmumrenõjafjxfbcu f afu rctfu nrfv}ìmu v}m um fumlmhfj mj l}e`c f acuv}m! bmut}îu bm af Umk}jbf K}mrrf L}jbnfa ! rmaffrcj acu



!***,**_LFJBLFRRMaF_R

tuneõackcu bm af CUU ~ bm af C[N mj }jf fo}jbfjm anmrf}rfmutmenfanxfbf9 c eclc afu ctmrfencjmu bm bmunjgcrlfenõj! bmtrcb}eenõj bm gfaufu jcnenfu ~ bm r}lcrmu ucorm ma tcmjenfabma mhîrenc mjmlnkc! ucorm afu tîrbnbfu! ucorm af mjwmrkfb}rfbm af lfrmf jmkrf! meîmrf* Tmrc mum ecjganec `f mjkmjbrfbc}jf jcwmbfb8 }jf enmrf g}unõj! mj acu lmbncu! mjrm njgcrlf

enõj ~ trctfkfjbf! v}m mjafxf ecj ma trcoamlf bm af gflcuf/ecjflnjfenõj/ v}m! v}njem föcu fjmu! ~f trmce}tfof fGrfji E`}re` ~ f H* [naanfl T}aornk`*

Ma efræemr rmfalmjm j}mwc bm af murfmknf bm af njgcrlfenõjmu ma mufoamenlnmjc bma tcca* Mj rmfanbfb! um rffof bm wfrncutccau! c rmb}enbcu mv}ntcu bm trmjuf! v}m rmecamefofj af njgcrlfenõj v}m a}mkc mrf mpflnjfbf tc r acu emjucrmu* U} nltafjfenõj ~ u}u lîcbcu bm rfofhc mufofj e}nbfbcuflmjmecbngnefbcu* Acu lnanfrmu f}crnxfrcj }j cfa bm cjem tccau!efbf }jc bm acu e}famu bfof ecomr}rf f }jf }jnbfb mutmeìgnefbm eclofm* Af trmjuf bmunkjõ f acu lnmlorcu bm acu tceau (bmmum lcbc jcwmjf tmrncbnufu bm trmjuf muernf ~ f}bncwnu}fag}mrcj umameencjfbcu ~ fkr}tfbcu mj mv}ntcu bm enjec f bnmence`c tmrucjfu.* Mucu tccau ufafofj fa mrrmjc fecltföfbcu tcr } j cgnenfa ,of}nxfbc T}oane Fggfnrm Cggneer (TFC.

v}m trmtfrfof f afu rctfu muecknbfu tfrf umr mjrmwnufbfu!ecjrcafof acu rcbfhmu mamwnu}famu! mpflnjfof afu gccu! rmwnufof acu rmtcrfhmu muerncu ~! a amkfbc ma efuc! jc wfenafof mju}trnlnr e}fav}nmr njgcrlfenõj ecjunbmrfbf /umjunoam/ c mjeflonfr u} rmbfeenõj* Acu rmtcrfhmu fuì rmw¦+ufbcu mrfj mjwnfbcu mjcjemu fa emjrc lnanfr bm B`f`rfj* mj Frfonf Uf}bì!tcr 64 v}m! f wmemu! v}mbfofj rmmjnbcu b}rfjm wfrncu bìfu*Um bnurno}ìfj ectnfu f af trmjuf! v}m `foìf rmenonbc rmu rmec

lmjbfencjmu kmjmrfamu8 jc rmwmafr acu lcwnlnmjcu bm rctfu~ acu a}kfrmu mj v}m um mjecjrfofj9 jc bf r af anuf mpfef bmfwncjmu jn ma jølmrc bm ucabfbcu9 jc bmwmafr af murfmknflnanfr*

Tmrc ma feemuc fa tcca jc g}m ma lnulc tfrf cbcu* Fuì ac fmunk}fj bcu bmlfjbfu mjfoafbfu tc r t}oanefencjmu tmrnõbnefujcrmflmrnefjfu eclc @frtmr+u! Lc mr hcjmu! R`m Jfncj ~R`m Wna6fke Wcnee! tcr }j afbc! ~ tc r af FGT (Fkmjenf GrfjemTrmuum.! tc r crc! v} m `foìf unbc mpea}nbf bma unumlf mj mav}m! unj mlofrkc! tfrnentfofj afu fkmjenfu _m}mru ~ FT (Fu,

6;a nmctcLafabm 666 e}a]rf

ucenfmb Trmuu.* F 64 v}m `f~ v}m föfbn r af bngne}afb bm enmrcu tmrncbnufu tfrf comjmr }j wnufbc bm afu f}crnbfbmu bmFrfonf Uf}bì! f tfrnr bm fkcuc bm 6>>4* ]jf mje}muf rmfanxfbf tcr af Efjjm Gc}jbfncj mjrm tmrncbnufu bm af trmjufjcrmflmrnefjf! tcec bmut}îu bm gnjfanxfr af k}mrrf! `f wmjnbc f bmlcurfr v}m ftrcpnlfbflmjm af lnfb `foìf mjnbcbngne}afbmu ~ v}m af comjenõj bma wnufbc mpnkìf }jf lmbnf bmrmu umlfjfu bm mutmrf* Acu øjnecu v}m ,umkøj af lnulf g}mjm, t}bnmrcj ucrmfr gæenalmjm mum couæe}ac g}mrcj acu tmrncbnufu bm acu krfjbmu kr}tcu bm trmjuf fuì eclc acu v}mmjìfj ma ftc~c bma kconmrjc mufbc}jnbmjum c bm }j kconmrjc bm ecfanenõj* Tcr efrmemr bm mum ftc~c! ma ecrrmutcjufa bmaf efbmjf `nutfjõgcjf bm Mufbcu ]jnbcu! ]jnwnunõj! jmemunõ læu bm }j lmu mj comjmr ma wnufbc! lnmjrfu v}m acu tmrncbnufu bm _m}mru ac ecjunk}nmrcj mj lmjcu bm }jf umlfjf*Tcr øanlc! cbcu acu tmrncbnufu }wnmrcj v}m wîrum6fu! f tfrnr bma bmumlofrec bm afu rctfu bm af ecfanenõj! ecj ma unumlfbm emju}rf ~ ecj afu trc`nonencjmu trctnfu bma rîknlmj uf}bì!v}m ecjwmrìfj f af trmjuf mj }j /wmrbfbmrc ef}nwc/! umkøjaf mptrmunõj bm Af{rmjee Ercuulfj! fjnk}c rmutcjufoam bm

af efbmjf EOU ~ trmunbmjm bm af efbmjf tøoanef TOU*

Crc eflonc mj ma m hmrenenc bm af /k}mrrf tunecaõknef/ mu! unjb}bf fak}jf! af gcrlf eclc u}u/k}mrrmrcu/ um `fj ecafbc mjma nlfknjfrnc bm af e}a}rf bm lfufu tfrf gfornefr! f tfrnr bmaf k}mrrf fîrmf! af nlfkmj bm }jf 66k}mrrf v}nrørknef/! fuîtnef ~ v}m uõac ecjenmrjm f acu trcgmuncjfamu! e}fjbc bm `me`cafu oclofu k}nfbfu tcr aæumr jc rmtrmumjfofj læu bm ;- bm

afu ?0*=44 cjmafbfu bm oclofu frrchfbfu ucorm Nrfi ~ I}{fn*Af g}unõj mjrm af e}a}rf bm lfufu! ma mutmeæe}ac ~ af trctfkfjbf ecjrfufof ecj af wmrocrrmf o}rcerænef ~ af lfjnt}afenõj krcumrf mltamfbfu tc r af bnefb}rf bm Ofkbfb! njea}ucun! mj j}lmrcufu cefuncjmu! Ufbfl @}uumnj u}tc ftrcwme`frum `æonalmjm bm af ctcr}jnbfb v}m am bmtfrfof af EJJtfrffeembmr f [6f f}bnmjenf rfjugrcjmrnxf! fa fltfrc bma trnjentnc bm a norm enre}afenõj bm af njgcrlfenõj wnkmjm mj afu bm

lcerfenfu ceenbmjfamu*

Ma rfflnmjc v} m acu lmbncu `fj bfbc f acu fecjmenlnmjcubm a Kcagc `f rmgcrxfbc! mj e}fav}nmr efuc! acu njmrrckfjmuv} m _}lfjnf `foìf mltmxfbc f u}uenfr mj ma rfjue}ruc bma



aO

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föc 6>0>! ecj cefunõj bma bmrrceflnmjc bm Emf}emue}8 ~fg}mrf af lfjnt}afenõj crv}mufbf! mj ma læu t}rc munac bm afuctmrfencjmu bm bmunjgcrlfenõj! bm af /lfuferm bm Rnlnucfrf/!e}~cu tcrlmjcrmu jc `fj fefofbc cbfwìf bm bmumjrföfrum!

c acu eclmjfrncu m nlækmjmu mj bnrmec v}m bfj }jf wmrunõjgfaumfbf bm acu rmutmenwcu tftmamu bma mhîrenc ~ bm af tcaneìf

umermf* @fuf ma t}jc bm bmucrnmjfr f acu tcaìnecu grfjemumuv}nmjmu! gnæjbcum bm afu nlækmjmu m njgcrlfencjmu bm muf trnlmrf rmwca}enõj! mj bnrmec! trmwmìfj }jf njmrwmjenõj bm rmg}mrxc bm }j mhîre nc bîona g rmjm f af Ume}rnfm* Mum lnulc

föc! Ymfj Afec}}rm! fa fltfrc bm u} mptmrnmjenf eclc krfj

rmtcrmrc njmrjfencjfa! ~f umöfafof! mju} Mjv}Erm u}r a+f}m}r

v}m af înef bm a tmrncbnuf mpnkìf }j }rkmjm rmtafjmflnmjc*

Af lmbnfnxfenõj bm af mltrmuf

Un f ef}uf bma mjgrmjflnmjc bm acu mhîrencu! af kmctcaìnef bmaf njgcrlfenõj `f rmu}rknbc or}ueflmjm f trnjentncu bm acuföcu jcwmjf#af kecmecjclìf! v}m um `f nlt}muc mj acu föcuce`mjf! `f ftcrfbc crfu mjumöfjxfu femref bm afu l}fenc

jmu v}m um mufofj trcb}enmjbc mj ma muf}c bm af njgcrlfenõj ~ bm u}u trcfkcjnufu! mj ma u mj c b m afu ucenmbfbmu

t c u z j b } u r n f z m 9 +*Jc um `foaf l}e`c bm mufu l}fencjmu! tmrcnjbnefj ac bngìena v}m rmu}af! f tfrnr bm f`crf! ecjgnjfr ma

trcoamlf bm af njgcrlfenõj ~ bm af bmunjgcrlfenõj mj ma tmrncbnulc ~ mj ma ælonc mpea}unwc bm afu njun}encjmu muffamum u t m e n z a n x f b f u * Ecj af ermenmjm amknnlnbfb faefjxfbf tcr aculmefr}ulcu bma lmrefbc! `fj `me`c u} ftfrnenõj mj ma muemjfrnc bm af /njgcrlfenõj/ j}mwcu fecrmu8 acu fecrmu mecjõlnecu*

Mj ma r 3 z u e } r u c bm acu föcu ce`mjf! ma j}mwc mjcrjc `ntmrecltmn nwc f muefaf bma tafjmf `f `me`c gacrmemr afu lmægcrfu k}mrrmrfu* Læu bm }j rffbc bm lfjfkmlmjr ~ bm lærimnjk

um `f njutnrfbc mptaìenflmjm mj afu corfu bm Ifra wfj Eaf}um{nx tfrf mjgrmjfrum fa fbwmrufrnc mj ma lmrefbc,l}jbc*

Af umlæjnef oîanef um t}uc bm lcbf fjc mjrm afu mltrmufu

ecl!c mjrm a c kconmrjcu* Mj u} Amrmfc}u amuYljefnm ,v}m

`foaf 3m umrwnram bm t rckr flf tfr f u} umk}jbc umtmjnc

Trfjecau Lnmrrfjb muernoìf! mj forna bm 6>008 /Ecjunbmrmlcu

af mecjclìf l}jbnfa8 uõac um coumrwf }j efltc bm k}mrrf mj

aCnmctcanef bm 666 e}a}rf

ma v}m afu mltrmufu anorfj }jf offaaf unj e}frma * Jc um `femjtrnuncjmrcu* V}nmj efm! l}mrm* F nlfkmj ~ umlmhfjxf bm afmurfmknf lnanfr! ma wmjembcr um njutnrf unmltrm mj rmkafu umjenaafu8 læpnlf trmtfrfenõj! lcwnlnmjcu læu rætnbcu! cgmjunwf mj ma mrrmjc bm a fbwmrufrnc! o}mjcu fanfbcu! wca}jfb bmwmjemr*/

Um `f nlt}muc }j amnlcnw8 ma bma /nltmrfnwc murfîknec/!lfrec mj ma v}m um `f rmtafjmfbc af rma fe nõj bm af mltrmuf

ecj af /njgcrlfenõj/*

Af mltrmuf! trnlmrc ~ fjm cbc! `f rmfgnrlfbc u} t}muc mj

af ucenmbfb! ~ ma/eftnfa,nlfkmj/ um `f ecjwmrnbc mj }j ftfrfbc nltcrfjm b m u } ofafjem* @f u}rknbc }j j}mwc efrkc! mabm bnrmecr bm ecl}jnefenõj* Ecl}jnefjm! af mltrmuf ac mutc r acu e}frc ecufbcu8 e}a nwf ! f af wmx ! u} nlfkmj gnjfjenmrf! u} nlfkmj mpmrjf! u} nlfkmj bm lfref ~ u} nlfkmj eìwnef*Um trctcjm mrlnjfr ecj ma mjgcv}m ofaefjnxfbc bm af ecl}

jnefenõj ~ frne}afr mucu e}frc tafjcu tfrf rmgcrxfr u} /nbmj

nbfb/ ~ u} /e}a}rf/* Muf amknnlnbfb j}mwflmjm fbv}nrnbf

bm af /ecl}jnefenõj murfîknef/ eclc îejnef bm kmunõj k}frbf rmafenõj ecj acu efloncu trcb}enbcu mj ma lcbc bm crkfjnxfe nõj bm af mltrmuf! mu bmenr!**ecj ma gnj bma lcbmac gcrbnuf!lcbmac wmrnefa v}m jc tmrlnìf }jf o}mjf enre}afenõj bm afnjgcrlfenõj! ~ ecj ma fbwmjnlnmjc bm }j lcbmac tcuf~acrnfjc! `crnxcjfa! v}m gfwcrmem acu ga}hcu bm njgcrlfenõj* Mj

muf j}mwf crkfjnxfenõj! af ecl}jnefenõj eclc wmecr bm ec

`munõj mpmrjf ~ bm fb`munõj njmrjf gclmjf ma ecjumjuc ~ecjrno}~m bm mu m lcbc f af ctnlnxfenõj bm afu njwmruncjmu~ f af kmunõj kacofa bm afu ctencjmu murfîknefu bm af mltrm

uf* Bm mu f lfjmrf! um `f nltafjfbc }j j}mwc ntc bm rmafencjmu mjrm af mltrmuf! u}u mltamfbcu ~ ma ecjh}jc bm af

ucenmbfb*

Af mltrmuf! j}mwc fecr bm af ecl}jnefenõj mj j}murfu ucenmbfbmu! `f njermlmjfbc ecjunbmrfoamlmjm u} trmumjenf

mj acu lmbncu krfenfu! mj tfrne}afr! f af bmurmk}afenõj bm acuunumlfu f}bncwnu}famu! jc uõac lmbnfjm af gnjfjenfenõj bmacu lmjufhmu t}oanenfrncu unjc flonîj eclc trcb}ecrf bmtrckrflfu* ]j efuc mprmlc mu ma v}m cgrmem ma j}mwc umrwnbc

Kacofa Anji! ermfbc mj 6>0> tcr af fkmjenf l}jbnfa bm trmjuf



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mamwnufbf [RJ* Af fkmjenf jcrmflmrnefjf bnurno}~m wìfufîanm f cbcu acu fgnanfbcu bm af rmb FOm! h}uc fjmu m njlm

bnfflmjm bmut}îu bm acu mambnfrncu jfencjfamu! ume}mjenfunjgcrlfnwfu (c wnbmcecl}jnefbcu. ìjmkrflmjm gnjfjenfbfuc trcb}enbfu tcr afu mltrmufu* Muf j}mwf lcbfanbfb trm

umjenfa bm afu mltrmufu mj af tmv}möf tfjfaaf! tc r crf tfram!`f bmumjefbmjfbc mj Mufbcu ]jnbcu }j bmofm bmcjcaõkn

ec femref bm afu bmuwnfencjmu bma t}oanrrmtcrfhm* Mj Grfjenf!af Ankf bm acu Bmrme`cu @}lfjcu `f mptrmufbc! mj 6>00! u}njv}nm}b rmutmec f af ecjg}unõj v}m um trcb}em mjrm t}oanenbfb m njgcrlfenõj! eclc ac bml}murfj afu løantamu gcrlfu bm t}oanenr~+ ~ crcu tfrcenjncu bm af njgcrlfenõj! ~bmj}jenõ fonmrflmjm ma nltfec v}m nmjm ucorm ma cgnenc bm

tmrncbnuf* Bcu föcu fjmu! af Fucenfenõj bm tmrncbnufu mecjõlnecu ~ gnjfjenmrcu `foìf ecjunbmrfbc ctcr}jc rmecrbfr fu}u lnmlorcu }jf rmkaf mamlmjfa8 /Jc rfofhfr tfrf mlnuncjmu bm efræemr t}oanenfrnc/* Mum trcoamlf u}tmrf ecj erm

emu ma lmrc gmjõlmjc bm af t}oanenr~ mj trmjuf c mj mamwnunõj!~ u} ecltamh nbfb wf mj f}lmjc f lmbnbf v}m ma /tfrfbnklf

t}oanenfrnc/ nltrmkjf af lfjmrf bm ecl}jnefr bma ecjh}jc

bm afucenmbfb* Ma`me`c bm v}m njun}encjmu f j bnutfrmu eclc

lnjnumrncu! nkamunfu! mhîrencu! ecrtcrfencjmu acefamu ~ j}lm

rcufu crkfjnxfencjmu `}lfjnfrnfu um `f~fj u}lfbc! b}rfjm

acu föcu ce`mjf! fa frm ~ fa nlfknjfrnc t}oanenfrnc tfrf rmtafjmfr u} rmafenõj ecj af ucenmbfb! jc bmhf bm umr rmwmafbcr*]jf ecuf mu enmrf8 ecj af ecjufkrfenõj bma eftnfa,nlfkmj! afmjunõj mjrm ma e}nbfbc bm af nlfkmj ~ ma bmomr bm njgcrlfr!jc `f `me`c unjc fermemjfrum*

Af k}mrrf bm rftnöf

Ma umk}jbc ælonc mj ma v}m um m hmrem af j}mwf g}jenõj bmmlnucr bm njgcrlfencjmu! fu}lnbf tcr af mltrmuf trnwfbf! muma bm afu CTF } cgmrfu tøoanefu bm fbv}nunenõj* Mj muf a}e`ftcr ma ecjrca bm af /trmuf/! afu murfmknfu bm ecl}jnefenõjucj }jf `mrrflnmjf g}jbflmjfa* Fuì ac mptanefof ma rmutcj

ufoam bm af efltföf lmbnænef bm fecltföflnmjc bm af CTFafjxfbf ucorm afUcenîî Kîjîrfam bm Omaknv}m mj 6>008 /Mu }jf

k}mrrf gnjfjenmrf! mu flonîj }jf k}mrrf tunecaõknef/* E}fj,

T}oanenbfb tfkf v}m ftfrmj+ mje}onmrf eclc njgcrlfenõj (J* bma r*.*

bc afu efltföfu bm umjunonanxfenõj m nj3fenõj bm af ! 3 z n j n õ jwf jc ofufj9 af ecl}jnefenõj! ecj ma gnj bm bmumufonanxfr fafbwmrufrnc um tmrlnmj cbcu acu ffv}mu! njea}nbcu acu v}m um

ftrcpnlfj tmankrcuflmjm f af lfjnt}afenõj*

F rfwîu bm famu ctmrfencjmu um ftrmenf lmhcr ac l}e`c v}mum `f trcgmuncjfanxfbc ~ bnwmrungnefbc af /ecl}jnefenõj/* Affjnk}f g}jenõj bm /rmafencjmu tøoanefu/ um `f mpmjbnb!3 ecj

unbmrfoamlmjm! `fuf ma t}jc bm clfr ma jclorm bm fu}j

cu tøoanecu/! mptrmunõj v}m afu krfjbmu g nrlfu bm mum umeScr

mj acu Mufbcu ]jnbcu ~f `foìfj fbctfbc f gnjfamu bm acu fjcu

ummjf tfrf umöfafr lmhcr af mjrfbf bm af m l t r z u f mj ma mrrmjc tcaìnec,murfîknec* Efbf wmx um cgrmemj lfu ecju}af

rafu ~ umrwnencu bm ecl}jnefenõj8 ofum eclc tr}mof af j}mwf

amknnlnbfb fbv}nrnbf tcr af trcgmunõj bm /acoo~uf/* Mum*umr

wnenc! bmenunwc! fjc t}mbm ecjununr mj lmhcrfr af b z m j c r f ¬bf nlfkmj v}m um nmjm bm }jf ucenmbf*b*c b m }j kcoNmrjc mjacu eìre}acu njga}~mjmu! eclc mj tmrlnnr v}m }jf mltrmuf c}j kr}tc! tc r mhmltac! comjkfj }jf bmenunõj gfwcrfoam tcr

tfrm bm }j crkfjnulc njmrjfencjfa*

Muf mpmjunõj bma mrrn crnc trcgmuncjfa bm af ecl}jnefenõj

um `f aamwfbc f efoc f lmbnbf v}m af mltrmuf nbmjngnefof acu/mjcrjcu `cunamu/9 jc uõac afu CTF! unjc flonîj acu ecjgane

cu v}m t}bnmrfj u}rknrmj }jf m z t r m u f f rfìx bm*}jf*E3TF8 !bm}jf g}unõj! bm }jf rmmur}e}rfenõj c bm }jf bnwmrungnefenõj!

~mj un}fencjmu aaflfbfu bm ernunu (bîgnen bm mptacfenõj! ecjganecu ucenfamu! efæurcgm mecaõknef! trcb}ecu bmgme}cucu mjma lmrefbc! ufocfhmu! ume}murcu! tmnenõj bm rmuefm! meîm

rf.* Mucu j}mwcu efltcu bm njmrwmjenõj! u } u e n r f z

trcoamlfubmcjcaõknecu njîbncu* B}rfjm ma NW Ufacj bm bnrme crmu bmecl}jnefenõj! crkfjnxfbc mj Bmf}wnaam mj umnmlorm bm 6>>6!

um mjfoaõ }j bmofm ucorm muf e}munõj*

Gnjfalmjm! ma øanlc mamlmjc bma tfjcrflf bm af ecl}jn

efenõj wnuc f rfwîu bma trnulf bm af mltrmuf! mu ma f}km bm af/njgcrlfenõj rmumrwfbf/* Af futmrmxf bm af ecltmmjenf! bmj

rc bma ecjmpc bm af l}jbnfanxfenõj bm af mecjclìf ~ bma

lmrefbc `f a amwfbc f afu mltrmufu f clfr ecjenmjenf bm afjmemunbfb bm bcfrum bm }jf rmb bm fectnc bm njgcrlfencjmu*Tfrf ecjumrwfr u} jnwma bm ecltmnnwnbfb ~ bmgmjbmrum bm



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u}u ecltmnbcrmu! ucj efbf wmx læu afu mltrmufu v}m trfenefj af /wnknafjenf mejcaõknef/ 4 ! lmhcr føj! af /wnknafjenf murfîknef/! U} cohmnwc8 comjmr f rfwîu bm afu g}mjmu læu

bnwmrufu (ecacv}ncu! t}oanefencjmu m njgcrlmu enmjìgnecu ~ îejnecu! njmrefloncu! njgcrlfbcrmu! meîmrf. muf /njgcrlfenõj

murfîknef/! mum ecjh}jc bm bfcu mejcmecjõlnecu ~ tcaìnecu v}m jmemunfj tfrf mafocrfr u} murfmknf* Afu træenefu bmNjmankmjenf! rmumrwfbfu `fuf `fem tcec nmltc f acu umrwnencuumermcu bm acu Mufbcu! mlnkrfj `fenf ma ælonc bm acu fecrmumecjõlnecu! lnmjrfu v}m mucu lnulcu umrwnencu umermcu umwmj coankfbcu f njea}nr af njgcrlfenõj njb}urnfa ~ mejcaõknefmjrm u}u lnuncjmu bm bmgmjuf bm af umk}rnbfb jfencjfa*

Muf ecjwmrkmjenf form j}mwfu xcjfu bm uclorf mj acu unumlfu bm njgcrlfenõj bm j}murfu /ucenmbfbmu bm ecl}jnef

enõj/* Rflonîj bml}murf v}m af njgcrlfenõj um `f ecjwmrnbc

mj }j rmc kacofa tfrf j}murfu bmlcerfenfu ,~ v}m mu trmenucmpmjbmr ma njmrrckfjm înec læu faaæ bm a mjeafwm bm af njgcrlfenõj lmbnænef* }j bmufgìc e}~c wmrbfbmrc faefjem! unjb}bf! jc `f efanorfbc føj af ucenmbfb bwna*

Onoanckrfgìf

Bmrlnu* M* (bnr*.! R m Lmbnf f [fr* R`m Trmuu fjb m Tmrunfj

K}ag Ecjgane! Kfjjm Gc}jbfncj! J}mwf ^cri En~! ]jnwmrunbfb bm Eca}lonf! 6>>6*

@faanj! B*! R`m /]jeejucreb [fr/* R`m Lmbnf fjb Wnmjfl! J}m

wf ^cri,Cpgcrb! Cpgcrb* ]jnw* Trmuu! 6>07*

Afec}}rm! H*! Mje}nm u}r ì+f}m}r8 rîtcjum frbnwm nn Fjbrî Lfarf}p u}r v}mav}mu v}muncju rmafnwmu nn af ecjbnncj bm hc}rjfanum!Tfrìu! Fraîf! 6>0>*

Am Ocj* K*! Mjuenkjmlmju tu~e`cacknv}mu bm af k}mrrm m}rctîmj,jm! Tfrìu! Gafllfrncj! 6>67*

7mctc66ro bm a ffa}rf

Lfmafr! F*! Af njmrjfencjfa t}oanenfrnf! Lfbrnb! G}jbmuec!

6>0>9 Af ecl}jnefenõj,l}jbc* @nucrnf bm afu nbmfu ~ bm afu murf,mknfu! Lfbrnb! Glbmuec! 6>>5 YLîpnec! Unkac PPN! 6>>;\*

Ue`}ax! _*@* ^ Kcbucj! _! Bmxnjgcrlfunf8 lmu}rmu fenwmubm af urfîknm ucwnînv}m (rfb* bma fjkacflmrnefjc.! Tfrìu!

Fj`rctcu! 6>0=*

]jnmb Ufmu Umjfe* ]U6F! Fttrctrnjncju F}a{rnxjncju! 6>;5*Nìmfrìjk omgfrm `m Efllnmm }j Gcrmnkj _m}}ìcju! ]jnmb UfmuUejfe! [fu`njkcj (C*e*.! Kcwmrjlmj Trnjnjk! 6>;?*

]jnmb Ufmu Umjfm! Gcrmnkj fjb Lnanfr~ ajmaankmjem* Gnjfa_mtcr cg m Um#me Ecllnmm c U}b~ Ecmllmjfa Ctmrfncju!ofhc af trmunbmjenf bm G* E`}re`! [fu`njkcj! ]U * Ecwerj

lmj Trnjnjk Cggnem! ?7 bm forna bm 6>;7*



EFTÌR]AC ?

T}oanenbfb8 af mrf rfjujfencjfa

Af `nucrnf bm af gcrlfenõj bm afu rmbmu t}oanenfrnfu njmrjfencjfamu um ecjg}jbm ecj ma fbwmjnlnmjc bm af lcbmrjnbfb

lmbnînef* Af trnlmrf ecjgrcjfenõj mjrm }jf e}a}rf tøoanef! bre}juernf fa mrrncrnc bma Mufbc,jfenõj! ~ af e}a}rf bm

lmrefbc ecj u}u tfrælmrcu bm }jnwmrufanbfb lmrefjna! }wca}kfr f rfwîu bm mufu rmbmu*

Muf coumrwfenõj frbõ l}e`c mj rmu}afr mwnbmjm tfrf acutfìumu bcjbm acu unumlfu bm ecl}jnefenõj bm lfufu um rmkìfj tcr ma trnjentnc! mlnjmjmlmjm jfencjfa! bma umrwnenctøoanec* @foræ v}m mutmrfr f af bmurmk}afenõj bma umecr f},bncwnu}fa ~ f af ernunu bma Mufbc,jfenõj,omjmgfecr! mj acu föcuce`mjf! tfrf v}m um tcjkf bm lfjngnmuc muf ecjmpnõj rfjugrcjmrnxf bm af aõknef t}oanen frnf* Mj ma rfjue}ruc bm muf

øanlf bîefbf af t}oanenbfb! bm `me`c! `f eflonfbc bm muf}c* Ecj af ermenmjm amknnlnbfb bm af mltrmuf ~ bm u}u wfacrmu! um `f ecjwmrnbc mj }jf gnk}rf eafwm* F~mr cbfwìf lmrc

njur}lmjc! ecjun}~m `c~ }j lcbc bm ecl}jnefenõj! }jlcbc bm kmunõj bm afu rmafencjmu ucenfamu*

Aftrm`nucrnf bm afu rmbmu t}oanenfrnfuRrfjue}rrnmrcj emref bm umumjf föcu mjrm af ermfenõj bm aftrnlmrf fkmjenf bm t}oanenbfb jcrmflmrnefjf ~ af g}jbfenõjbm }jf gnanfa mj ma mprfjhmrc* Mj 6026!Wcajm~ O*Tfalmr! f v}nmjacu mufbc}jnbmjumu ecjunbmrfj ma tncjmrc bm u} njb}ur nf

t}oanenfrnf! njufaf }jf cgnenjf mj Gnafbmagnf* Mj 60>>! crct}oanenfrnc bm af lnulf jfencjfanbfb! H* [famr R`cltucj!

um mufoamem mj Acjbrmu* Unj mlofrkc! muf gnanfa ornæjnef bm}jf fkmjenf g}jbfbf mj J}mwf ^cri `fenf 607=! jc rmfanxfræu} trnlmrf efltföf `fuf acu föcu wmnjm! tfrf afu ecjumrwfubm gr}f Anoo~u* @fuf mjcjemu umrwnræ! ucorm cbc! eclc cgn,



?*FNQLFJBLFRRMAFTìR

enjm bm njgcrlfenõj tfrf acu njb}urnfamu bm a Wnmhc Ecjnjmjm mj o}uef bm lmrefbcu mj ma J}mwc L}jbc*

Mj acu föcu wmnjm jfemj afu trnlmrfu rmbmu! f tmbnbc mptrmucbm mltrmufu jcrmflmrnefjfu njufafbfu c mj wìfu bm njufafenõj mj ma mprfjhmrc* FuÌ! f tfrnr bm 6>?;! H* [fNmr R`cltucj unk}m ma mhmltac bma ecjur}ecr bm f}clõwnamu KmjmrfaLccru ~ form gnanfamu! u}emun wflmjm ! mj Oîaknef! Mutföf! Grfjenf! Famlfjnf! U}menf! Orfuna! Frkmjnjf! Efjfbæ! Njbnf ~ F}urfanf* U} rnwfa njlmbnfc! LeEfjj,Mrneiucj! f u} wmx! `fem actrctnc! f tmbnbc bm af g nrlf Muuc* Øjneflmjm acu ornæjnecu!ecj fkmjenfu eclc ]jfu! jfenbf mj ma umjc bm Amwmr! ma gfornefjm bm bmmrkmjmu! amu `femj uclorf mj acu lmrefbcu m}rctmcu* Grfjenf! f tmufr bm v}m E`framu @fwfu `foìf njwmjfbc`fenf 605= af gõrl}af bm af rîknm t}oanenfnrm c rîknlmj bm mpea}unwnbfb t}oanenfrnf! ftmjfu un ufam bma / nj gn mrjc bm af rîeaf,lm/! umkøj af mptrmunõj bm Lfrema Oam}umnj,Oafje`m* Mum!ftrcwme`æjbcum bm e}fjc `foìf coumrwfbc b}rfjm u} tfuc

tcr afu fkmjenfu jmc~crv}njfu! g}jbf! mj 6>?7!af fkmjenf T}oanenu! v}m wm af a}x h}jc ecj af t}oanenbfb rfbncgõjnef ~ v}mrmtrmumjf ma trnlmr tfuc `fenf af lcbmrjnxfenõj bma bnutcunnwc t}oanenfrnc grfjeîu*

Ma tmrncbc bm mjrmk}mrrfu rmu}af bmenunwc tfrf af gcrlfenõjbm a trcgmuncjfanulc bm afu fkmjenfu jcrmflmrnefjfu* Af ftfrnenõj bma lcbc bm crkfjnxfenõj gcrbnuf bm af mltrmuf rmv}nmrm af kmunõj bm afu rmafencjmu ecj acu ecju}lnbcrmu* Mahfocjmrc Trcemr ' Kfloam! tfrf mjcjemu trnlmr fj}jenfjm l}jbnfa! njwmjf acu mu}bncu bm lmrefbc* Kmcrkm Kfaa}ttmrgmeencjf acu muu bm lmlcrnxfenõj bm acu lmjufhmu t}oan

enfrncu fuì eclc acu ucjbmcu bm ctnjnõj* Af gnrlf Jnmaumj! mjecafocrfenõj ecj ma LNR (Lfuufe`}umu Njun}m cg +ame`jcack~.! trctcjm ma trnlmr f}bìlmrc tfrf lmbnr afu f}bnmjenfurfbncgõjnefu* Jc ucj unjc fak}jcu mhmltacu bm afu njjcwfencjmu v}m `fj hfacjfbc ma trcemuc bm rfencjfanxfenõj bm acu mu}bncu bm lmrefbc! bm acu tøoanecu! bm acu ecju}lnbcrmu* Mjwìutmrfu bm af k}mrrf! mucu njun }cu bm njwmunkfenõj muæjmj trcemuc bm njmlfencjfanxfenõj* Kfaa}t aamkf f Grfjenf ~ fKrfj Ormföf mj 6>579 Jnmaumj um njufaf mj Acjbrmu mj 6>5>*

Mj 6>5;! af Eælfrf Njmrjfencjfa bm Eclmrenc trcl}akf matrnlmr eõbnkc njmrjfencjfa bm træenefu t}oanenfrnfu* Fa föc

?;nmctcaanef bm af e}aaarf

unk}nmjm um ermf mj J}mwf ^cri af 6L (ajmrjfncjfa F b w m z n ¬unjk Fuucenfncj.* Um trctcjm umjfr afu z f u m u bm }jf* fucenfenõj bm bmgmjuf bm acu njmrmumu njmrtrcgmfncjfamu(fj}jenfjmu! lmbncu! fkmjenfu. f muefaf l}jbnfa9 u}u t r c l z ¬crmu ucj ea}omu jfencjfamu bm t}oanenfrncu bm Mufbcu ]jnbcu ~ bm Krfj Ormföf! v}m lfjnmjmj afxcu bm ecctmrfenõj

bmubm `fem læu bm bnmx föcu*

Af k}mrrf grmjfræ af mptfjunõj bm afu rmbmu* T}oanenfrncu ornæjnecu ~ mufbc}jnbmjumu tcjbræj u}u ecjcenlnmjcu fa umrwnenc bm afu efltföfu bm tmru}funõj mltrmjbnbfu bm efrf f aflcwnanxfenõj kmjmrfa*

Ma bmufgìc (jcrm.flmrnefjc

Fa mrlnjfr af k}mrrf um nltafjfj afu rmbmu faaæ bcjbm um njufafj afu mltrmufu jcrmflmrnefjfu* Læu ecjermflmjm! mjM}rctf! v}m um ecjwnmrm mj ma j}mwc emjrc bm krfwmbfb bmafu njwmruncjmu bnrmefu bm Mufbcu ]jnbcu mj ma mprfjhmrc! mjbmrnlmjc bm acu tfìumu bm Flîrnef Afnjf! nmrrf bm mameenõjbma eftnfa mufbc}jnbmjum ~ bm u}u fkmjenfu mjrm 6>54~ 6>=4*

Muf trnlmrf g fum bm njmrjfencjfanxfenõj ecrrmutcjbm f acuföcu enje}mjf ~ umumjf* B}rfjm wmnjm föcu! ma /lcbmacnltmrnfa/ ~ afu rmbmu bm Lfbnucj Fwmj}m rmnjfræj f u}u fje`fu! `fuf fa t}jc v}m fak}jcu njmrtrmfj muf un}fenõjecrjc }jc bm acu njbnencu læu unkjngnefnwcu bm af /flmrnefjnxfenõj/ c bma /bmufgìc flmrnefjc/ ( ì } ac bm }j gflcuc anorcbm Ymfj,hfev}mu Umrwfj,Ue`rmnomr! rfb}enbc f j}lmrcucu nbnclfu b}rfjm acu föcu umumjf.* Acu /njwfucrmu/! tc r enmrc! jc

ce}a fj v}m muf njga}mjenf bma lcbmac mufbc}jnbmjum bmt}oanenbfb um mpnmjbm læu faaæ bm mu m ælonc bm fenwnbfb*/Efom fgnrlfr ,uekøj t}mbm ammrum mj } j mbncrnfa bm Fbwmrn,}jk Fkm! ma õrkfjc bm acu trcgmuncjfamu m u f z c } j n b m z u m u , v}*maf t}oanenbfb ~ ma lærimnjk ucj! mj ma m p m j c r z acu b a t z c l f ` ¬ecu cgnencucu bm af jfenõj* _mtrmumjfj ma mun ac bm WNbf bm atfìu bm gcrlf læu njmjuf ~ rmfanuf v} m ma Bmtfrflmjc bmMufbc c v}m acu mlofhfbcrmu fermbnfbcu mj ma mprfjhmrc* Maknkfjmuec nltfec v}m mj ma tafjc njmrjfencjfa nmjmj malærimnjk ~ af t}oanenbfb bm acu Mufbcu ]jnbcu jc*u*`f aamwf*bc bm `me`c f fe}öfr ma îrlnjc fbtaclfe~ (fbcmrìuìjk ) ba,

taclfe~8 t}oanenbfb ) bntaclfenf.*



?*F_LFJBLFRRMAF_r

Mj 6>77! ma l}jbc ecjfof ecj ce`mjf ~ unmm ucenmbfbmu

l}anjfencjfamu e}~f engrf bm jmkcencu fj}fa u}tmrfof acu lnalna acjmu bm bõafrmu bm afu v}m umumjf mrfj jcrmflmrnefjfu*Muf g}mrxf bm bnu}funõj njb}urnfa bmhf mjrmwmr af njga}mjenf

fbv}nrnbf tcr acu fj}jenfjmu mufbc}jnbmjumu mj acu bnwmrucu tfjcrflfu t}oanenfrncu bm acu tfì umu mj acu v}m um `fj

njufafbc* F tfrnr bm 6>==! gnrlfu eclc Ecakfm,Tfalcanwm ~Trcemr ' Kfloam njwnmrmj fjc bnjmrc mj u} t}oanenbfb mj

ma mprfjhmrc eclc mj acu Mufbcu ]jnbcu* F gnjfamu bm acu föcuumumjf uõac e}frc! mjrm afu wmnjnenjec trnlmrfu fkmjbfu bmacu Mufbcu ]jnbcu! efrmemj bm gnanfamu mj ma mprfjhmrc! lnmj

rfu v}m fkmjenfu eclc H* [famr R`cltucj ~ LeEfjj,!Mrneiucj conmjmj mjrm 5;~ 2=-bmu} rmef}bfenõj mj aculmrefbcu

mprfjhmrcu*

B}rfjm acu föcu enje}mjf! afu fkmjenfu jcrmflmrnefjfu mj

ma mprfjhmrc muæj fa umrwnbc bm acu eanmjmu mufbc}jnbmjumu!

mj trnlmr a}kfr! ~ bm gcrlf ume}jbfrnf bm acu eanmjmu acefamu9u}u trcgmuncjfamu! kmjmrfalmjm! trcembmj bm Acjbrmu c bm

J}mwf ^cri*B}rfjm acu föcu umumjf! mufu fkmjenfu fltaìfj

efbf wmx læu u} efrmrf bm eanmjmu jc mufbc}jnbmjumu9 ecjrffj f trcgmuncjfamu nj unr}! ac v}m amu tmrlnm ecjg}jbnrum!

flonîj efbf wmx læu! ecj ma tfnufhm jfencjfa! ~ bmumltmöfr!

bm fak}jf lfjmrf! ma tftma bm f}îjnefu mue}mafu bm t}oanen

bfb*

Mj af lf~cr ìf bm acu tfì umu mj acu v}m mufu rmbmu ermfj bmamkfencjmu! afu fkmjenfu jfencjfamu bmuftfrmemj c ucj foucronbfu tc r acu rmenîj a amkfbcu* Mj Mutföf! mj Nfanf! mj ma _mnjc

]jnbc c mj Famlfjnf! ma bclnjnc mufbc}jnbmjum mu ftafufjm* Rrmu tfìumu ackrfj rmununr8 Ecrmf bma U}r! Hftõj ~ Grfjenf*Ma trnlmrc! tcr rfxcjmu bm umk}rnbfb jfencjfa fjc eclc bm

murfmknf mecjõlnef! rmumrwf muf fenwnbfb f u}u fkmjenfu acefamu v}m jc ucj unjc rflngnefencjmu bm u}u krfjbmu kr}tcu

njb}urnfamu9 muf un}fenõj um trcacjkfræ `fuf 6>>6* Mj Hftõj! aftrmumjenf bm afu rmbmu jcrmflmrnefjfu! lmbnfjm fanfjxfu! mu njunkjngnefjm* ]jf ucaf gnrlf um mlocauf læu bm aflnfb

bm acu njkrmucu bma tfìu8 Bmju}! ermfbf f gnjfamu bma unkac PNP!

fa fltfrc bm af fkmjenf bm trmjuf I~cbc* Grfjenf! tcr u} tfrm! unk}m econhfjbc f bcu tcbmrcucu kr}tcu8 @fwfu ~ T}oanenu*Fbmlæu! cbcu acu rmutcjufoamu mprfjhmrcu bm rmbmu ecnjen,

?*Enmctcaari8f bmaf e}a}rf

bmj mj fgnrlfr mj muf îtcef v}m }jc bm acu trnjentfamu couæ

e}acu tfrf af tmjmrfenõj bma lcbmac mufbc}jnbmjum b m t}

oanenbfb ~ bm rfofhc t}oanenfrnc mu af /tunecackìf grfjemuf/ ~

v}m af ermfnwnbfb mu faaì lf~cr v}m mj rm u}u wmenjcu* F gnjfamu bm acu föcu umumjf afu fkmjenfu jcrmflmrnefjfu jc ecj

rcafj læu bm 64- bma lmrefbc jfencjfa ~ amu mu æ wmbfbf af

t}oanenbfb mjefrkfbf tcr ma Mufbc* Muf e}cf! jc coufjm!fuemjbmræ fa 57-! bnmx föcu læu frbm* Mj acu tfìumu anlìrc

gmu! af bmtmjbmjenf rcjbf f lmj}bc ma 04-*

Af bmgmjuf bm af tmrucjfanbfb eclmrenfa

Acu föcu umumjf ucj }jf gfum bm rfjunenõj! }j tmrncbc bm

ecjucanbfenõj bm acu lmrefbcu jfencjfamu bm t}oanenbfb* Mj6>=5! acu kfucu t}oanenfrncu bm Mufbcu ]jnbcu rmtrmumjf

ofj afu rmu e}frfu tfrmu bm acu njkrmucu l}jbnfamu* Wmnjmföcu læu frbm `foìfj efìbc `fuf ma 7?-*Fbmlæu! af trmunõj

jfencjfanuf mpnkm ecjemuncjmu mj u} lcbc bm kmunõj tcr tfrm bm afu rmbmu jcrmflmrnefjfu8 tfrnentfenõj mj ma eftnfa !rmutcjufonanbfb ecltfrnbf ecj bnrnkmjmu acefamu*

Grfjenf! v}m `f ackrfbc ecjumrwfr ~ bmufrrcaafr afu hc~fu bm a*f

ecrcjf bm u} njb}urnf t}oanenfrnf! funum mjcjemu f acu tj

lmrcu njmjcu bm u}u bcu trnjentfamu kr}tcu tfrf bcfrum bm

}jf rmb njmrjfencjfa* T}oanenu unmjf afu ofumu bm }jf rmb emj

rfbf mj M}rctf! fa `femrum ecj rmbmu njufafbfu mj U}nxf ~ mjacu Tfìumu Ofhcu* @fwfu mufoamem ,unj krfj îpnc, fanfjxfu fjkacjcrmflmrnefjfu* Tmrc ma / n l t m r z n w c n z m r j f e n c j f a / bnuf

cbfwìf l}e`c bm ecjwmjemr f acu njb}urnfamu grfjemumu* Mj

e}fjc f afu fkmjenfu hftcjmufu! bmhfj tfufr af cefunõj bm njmrjfencjfanxfr u}u rmbmu8 jc unk}mj acu tfucu bm acu njb}urnf

amu bm u} tfì u v}m ! unj mlofrkc! f bngmrmjenf bm acu grfjemumu!l}antanefj mptcrfencjmu m nltafjfencjmu mj ma mprfjhmrc*Afu e}mjfu bm Ucj~! Rcu nof ~ crcu knkfjmu bm af mamerõjnefc bma f}clõwna jntcjmu! wfj f tfrfr mj u} lf~cr tfrm f afu

rmbmu mufbc}jnbmjumu*

Mj ma rfjue}ruc bm acu rmnjf øa nlcu föcu! ma ntc bm rmb

wnkmjm mrf af /rmb l}anjfencjfa/! mu bmenr! }jf rmb e}~f }jn

bfb oæunef umk}ìf unmjbc ma mrrncrnc jfencjfa* Af rmb! mj* z z mefuc! rmu}af umr læu af u}lf bm u}u tfrmu! af ~}pftcuecj



54

F_LFJBLFRìMAF_R

bm gnanfamu jfencjfamu! v }m }j unumlf njmrjfencjfalmjm njmkrfbc* Bm mum lcbc! af eccrbnjfenõj mjrm afu gna nfamu bmz z lnulf r mb jc rmwnum efræemr crkæjnec! ufawc tfrf af kmu` c bm fak}jfu e}mjfu! af e}fa ~f um rmfanxfof f muefaf u}trfj f e a C z f a * Bm *`me`c! ce}rrm fakc unlnafr ecj af g}mrxf ackìunefbm af l z } u r j f bm af t}oane!nbfb ~ ma lærimnjk v}m rmtrmumjfj afu g n r l f z bm e c j z } a c 8 H f ~ mu}bncu bm lmrefbc v}m! f u}wmx! um `fj njmrjfencjfanxfbc mj ma rfjue}ruc bm acu föcuu z u m j r f ~* ummjf* Um mltmxõ aamwfjbc f efoc njwmunkfencjmuenre}juernfu f afu grcjmrfu jfencjfamu9 um ecjnj}õ ecj îufu!f rfwîu bm mu}bncu fa umrwnenc bm trc~mecu crnmjfbcu `fenfaf mptcrfenõj9 tcr øa!nlc*um bnumöfrcj tfrf bf r rmut}muf fa bmlfjbf* bm z j w m u ` k f e a C j m u g}jencjfamu tc r tfrm bm afugnrlfu l}anjfencjfamu v}m rffj bm frne}afr acu bnunjculmrefbcu jfencjfamu*

F*gnjfamu bm acu föcu ummjf! afu rmbmu jcrmflmrnefjfuunk}mjb N u g r } f z b c bm !}jf tcune9nõj `mkmlõjnef* H* [famr R`clt

ucj ecjunk}m lfu bm*af lnfb bm u} wca}lmj bm jmkcencu g}mrf bm acu Mufbcu ]r}bcu ~ LeEfjj,Mrneiucj læu bm 7=-* Afeng8f comjnbf mj ma mpmrncr tc r af fkmjenf hftcjmuf Bmju}!r*jlmrf fkmjenf l}jbnfa tcr u} wca}lmj bm e}mjfu! ftmjfuUN u}tmrf =-*

Tmrc ~f*um fj}jenf }j trcemuc bm ecjemjrfenõj unj trmembmjmu! njf}k}rfbc tcr }jf r mb jcrmflmrnefjf* /]jf bm afutrnjentfamu f!kmjenfu l}jbnfamu bm t}oanenbfb! Anjfu! e}~cecjrca umk}Nf mufjbc mj lfjcu m}rctmfu ,muerom LfremaOam}umnj,Oafje`cr mj Am Lcjbm! mj mjmrc bm 6>;>, fefof bmu9r fbv}nrnbf tc*r ma kr}tc Njmrt}oane (LeEfjj,Mrneiucj.! ma

knkfjm bm Lfbnucj Fwmj}m *** Bm jfbf unrwm fga nk nrum c famkrfrum tc r maac* Læu wfam v}m unrwf bm ameenõj ucorm ma gmjõlmjc bm af ecjemjrfenõj* F`crf jcu cef f jcucrcu* ³Wflcu fofhfr af k}frbnf c wflcu f umk}nr ma mhmltac bm acu mufbc}jn

3mjumu3 z r 8 u bm af k}mrrf! afu krfjbmu fkmjenfu m}rctmfu mrfjl k a m u z u * ³Bcjbm muæj3 Mj Famlfjnf! mj Nfanf! afu trnjentfamufkmjenfu ucj jcrmflmrnefjfu* Uõac Grfjenf u}tc clfr ma rmamwc* @f~ v}m tmrumwmrfr* Muæ mj h}mkc j}murf nbmjnbfb eclmrenfa*/

N 3 muf lmkfg}unõj fj}jenfjm! jfem }j lcbmac bm crkfjnxfEafj8 af bcoam rmb! mu bmenr! bcu rmbmu umtfrfbfu! mj ecltmmj,

56Cmctcaarnefbm af e}a}rf

eìf* eclc un mu}wnmrfj mj lfjcu bm bcu trctnmfrncu! tmrcv}m njkrmufj u}u omjmgnencu mj ma lnulc emjrc* U} g}jenõj muaf bm trmwmjnr acu rmtrce`mu bm acu fj}jenfjmu v}m um njv}nmfj tc r mum er}em bm fkmjenfu v}m! f lmj}bc! kmuncjfj e}mjfu ecltmnbcrfu ~! tc r ecjunk}nmjm! ucj trceanwmu f mjrfrmj ecjganec* Ma lcbmac trct}muc tcr ma kr}tc mufbc}jn

bmjum `fræ mue}maf ~ umræ fbctfbc tcr acu crcu efjbnbfcumj af bîefbf unk}nmjm*

Afu rmbmu bm af mremrf gfum

Af umöfa bm ufa nbf bm af rîtanef m}rctmf jc aamkõ bm Tfrìu! unjcbm Acjbrmu* G}mrcj acu `mrlfjcu Uffe`n ~ u} fjnk}c bnrme

cr gnjfjenmrc! Lfrìj Ucrrmaa! acu v}m! b}rfjm af umk}jbflnfbbm acu föcu ce`mjf! ecjunk}nmrcj v}m af `mkmlcjìf bm afurmbmu jcrmflmrnefjfu um njeanjfrf bma afbc bm acu ornæjnecu*Af rmb Uffe`n ' Uffe`n um faxõ `fuf acu trnlmrcu t}mucu!

`fenîjbcum ecj }jf umr nm bm fkmjenfu jcrmflmrnefjfu! mjrmcrfu Rmb Ofmu ! af e}frf rmb l}jbnfa* Ucrrmaa! tcr u} tfrm!mj ftmjfu e}frc föcu! ecjun}~õ ma kr}tc [TT ([nrm ' Tafune ' Trcb}eu.! fa `femrum ecj ma ecjrca bm }j uìlocac! H*

[famr R`cltucj! ~ bm Cknaw~ ' Lfèr9 }jf rmb trmumjmmj enje}mjf ~ bcu tfìumu ~ e}~f *engrf bm jmkcencu mu njmrjfencjfa mj }j ==-*

Mu af îtcef bm cbfu afu t}hfu! bm af caf bm løantamu CTF!ufawfhmu! umln cunamu c flnucufu* Ma umecr /t}oanenbfb/ ackrfecjwmjemr f af beurmk}afbf Ocauf bm Acjbrmu bm af rmjfonanbfb bm muf fenwnbfb* Mal}jbc gnjfjenmrc rmutfabf f acu /trm

bfbcrmu/ ornæjnecu mj u} fuf a c f Lfbnucj Fwmj}m* Uffe`n 'Uffe`n ucj acu trnlmrcu mj ma lmrefbc mufbc}jnbmjum* Mafuemjuc bma kr}tc bm acu bcu `mrlfjcu muæ mj ecjucjfjenfecj af e}rwf bm tct}afrnbfb bma rîknlmj jmcanomrfH bm Lfrkfrm R`fe`mr! tfrf v}nmj rmfanxfj rmu efltföfu mamecrfamu*Acu bcu knkfjmu orn æjnecu bm af t}oanenbfb mrlnjfræj afbîefbf `ntmrmjbm}bfbcu! ~ tcr fjc! mprmlfbflmjm w}ajmrfoamu f afu ga}e}fencjmu bm afu njwmruncjmu t}oanenfrnfu*Jc coufjm! mj 6>>?! mj tamjf rmmur}e}rfenõj!lnmjrfu v} macu gnjfjenmrcu clfrcj bnufjenf rmutmec fa umecr! unk}mjce}tfjbc ma mremr ~ ma trnlmr a}kfr! rmutmenwflmjm! unmjbcu} ecltmnbcr bnrmec ma mufbc}jnbmjum Njmrt}oane*



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Læu faaæ bm u}u rmununoamu fuemjucu! v}m um `fj omjmgnenfbc bm

}j fltanc mec lmbnænec! mufu lmkfg}uncjmu mptrmufj ma lc

wnlnmjc bm gcjbc `fenf af rfjujfencjfanxfenõj bm afu rmbmu*Tfrnentfj g}jbflmjfalmjm bm mum trcemuc fkmjenfu ~ kr}

tcu ,fjm af bngne}afb v}m tafjmf bframu }j jclorm! acu mptmrcu mufbc}jnbmjumu `fo af j bm /crk fj nx fen cjmu

t}oanenfrnfu/, tmrmjmenmjmu f e}frc tfìumu8 Mufbcu ]jn

bcu! Hftõj! Krfj Ormföf ~ Grfjenf*

F tfrnr bm 6>0= um u}embmj fanfjxfu er}xfbfu! g}uncjmu! clfubm tfrnentfenõj! ecltrf t}rf ~ unltam! v}m um `femj tmrc

flonîj um bmu`femj rætnbflmjm* Fuì ce}rrnõ ecj af fanfjxfrnafmrfa njmre}a}rfa @BL! umaafbf mj 6>0; mjrm ma grfjeîu@fwfu! ma hftcjîu Bmju} ~ ma mufbc}jnbmjum Lfrumaamr

(^c}jk ' _}onefrj.* Muf mjmjm trmmjbìf umr }jf rmut}muff af mu r fm knf bm acu `mrlfjcu Uffe`n9 ftmjfu b}rfræ rmuföcu!ma nmltc v}m jmemunf ma ucenc grfjeîu tfrf tcjmr f t}jc

u} trctnf murfmknf l}jbnfa* Mj mum ofnam bm mjrmer}xflnmjcu ~ g}uncjmu! T}oanenu! mj 6>00! njmreflonfræ tfrnentfencjmu ecj af rmb jcrmflmrnefjf GEO (Tccm! Ecjm ' Omabnjk.!~ um ecjwmrnræ fv}ma föc mj af trnlmrf rmb bm M}rctf* Rrmuföcu læu frbm! M}rcecrj,@fwfu um g}uncjfræ ecj _UEK (_c}pUmk}maf ecj Ef~xfe ~ Kc}bfrb. tfrf rfjugcrlfrum mj M}rc_UEK! trnlmr kr}tc m}rctmc ~ uîtnlc kr}tc l}jbnfa bm

ecju}acrìf mj t}oanenbfb* Ma rmu}afbc (trcwnuncjfa! unj b}bf.

bm af rmmur}e}rfenõj mj e}ruc mu v}m! bm afu v}njem trnlmrfu

fkmjenfu l}jbnfamu bm 6>04! uõac e}frc `fj mrlnjfbc af bîefbf ecj af lnulf mur}e}rf ~ ma lnulc trctnmfrnc* Mj 6>>?!mj af eafungnefenõj bm afu [crab+u Rct ?4 Fbjmrnunjk Crkfjnxf,

ncju! gnk}rfj bcu fkmjenfu ornæjnefu! j}mwm jcrmflmrnefjfu!rmu grfjemufu ~ umnu hftcjmufu* Îum g}m ma n}afr bm Fbcmrn,unjkFkm8 /Lfbnucj Fw* Lcwmu c Rcinc/* Tcr trnlmrf wmx mj af`nucrnf bm af t}oanenbfb! afu fkmjenfu hftcjmufu `fj lfjmhf

bc læu e}mjfu v}m afu bm Mufbcu ]jnbcu* Tmrc! f tmufr bmacu nltcrfjmu fwfjemu bm Bmju} mj ma mprfjhmrc! mum tc

mjenfa jntõj unk}m unmjbc mprmlfbflmjm bîona mj acu lmrefbcu njmrjfencjfamu* Afu bnmx trnlmrfu fkmjenfu

jcrmflmrnefjfu rmef}bfj ==- bm u}u njkrmucu mj ma mpmrncr*Macohmnwc bm Bmju}! mj 6>0>! ecjunuìf mj tfufr bm 64 f ?4-`fenf 6>>?*

mctcaaaef bmaf e}a}rf

Af mremrf kmjmrfenõj bm rmbmu ,afu rfjujfencjfamu, ecje}mrbf ecj ma lcwnlnmjc bm njmrecjmpnõj ~ bm ermenmjm njm

krfenõj bm acu lmrefbcu ~ afu mecjclìfu* Mu ecjmltcræjmf

bm acu trcemucu bm bmurmk}afenõj bm acu unumlfu bm ecl}jn

efenõj v}m! mj ma ælonc bm afu fenwnbfbmu t}oanenfrnfu! umufabf ecj }j ecjunbmrfoam f}lmjc bm afu njwmruncjmu* Fak}jfu engrfu8 mj acu tfìumu bm M}rctf ceenbmjfa afu njwmruncjmumj lmbncu ecjwmjencjfamu (focwm `m ]jm. `fj tfufbc bm }jf

ofum 644 mj 6>04! f 757 mj 6>>49 af mamwnunõj ermem bm 644 f6*?72! af rfbnc bm 644 f 022! af trmjuf aamkf f 202* Acu föcu

ce`mjf flonîj um ufabfj ecj crf bmurmk}afenõj8 af bm afmjrfbf bm acu fjnk}cu tfìumu ecl}jnufu mj af mecjclìf bm

lmrefbc ~ af trclmuf bm }jf /j}mwf grcjmrf bma lærimnjk/*

Tcr crf tfrm! ma bmutmk}m bm afu rmef}bfencjmu b}rfjm mucuföcu fanlmjfræ af na}unõj bm }j ermenlnmjc mptcjmjenfa ucumjnbc* Læu b}rc umræ ma bmutmrfr e}fjbc! f trnjentncu bm acuföcu jcwmjf! af rmemunõj! }jnbf f acu mgmecu bm af k}mrrf bma

Kcagc! kcatmfræ! u}emunwflmjm! f tfìumu eclc acu Mufbcu

]jnbcu ~ ma _mnjc ]jnbc* Grfjenf fltcec um ufawfræ! cbfwmx v}m ma rnlc bm ermenlnmjc fj}fa v}m mrf bm 67- mj 6>0;!um bmrr}lof `fuf jnwmamu emrefjcu f emrc* Mum rmtanmk}m kmjmrfa! bm `me`c! munl}afræ cbfwìf ecj læu f`ìjec ma trcemucbm ecjemjrfenõj* Uõac fak}jcu tfìumu eclc Mutföf mueftfræj bm af /unjnurcunu/! lfjmjnmjbc u} ermenlnmjc bm bcu

bìkncu*

Af kacofanxfenõj eclc `crnxcjm

³E}æa mu af bcer njf v}m bmmrlnjf af mptfjunõj bm af mremrfkmjmrfenõj bm rmbmu aaflfbfu /ræjujfencjfamu/ c! læu grme}mjmlmjm! /kacofamu/*

/Eacofanxfenõj/ c /kacofa/ ucj ecjemtcu,k}ìf fe}öfbcu b}

rfjm acu föcu ce`mjf* @fj u}tafjfbc f acu bm /njmrjfencjfanxfenõj/ ~ /l}anjfencjfanxfenõj/* Um ftanefj fjc f acufecrmu (mltrmufu! rmbmu! meîmrf. eclc f u}u murfmknfu* Bmcrnkmj fjkacufhõj! ma wcefo}afrnc bm af kacofanbfb um `f njecrtcrfbc ecj cbf jf}rfa nbfb fa amjk}fhm bm af j}mwf mecjc

lìf,l}jbc! unj umr! afu læu bm afu wmemu! uclmnbc f fjæanunuf ak}jc* Bm f`ì ! e}fjbc lmjcu! u} nltrmenuf }nanxfenõj*



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Tfrf af njb}urnf t}oanenfrnf ~ u}u trcgmuncjfamu! af kacofnnxmenõj `f fbv}nrnbc bcu umjnbcu* Ma trnlmrc unrwm tfrf bmunkjfr ma lcwnlnmjc `fenf afnjmkrfenõj bm acu bnunjcu umrwnencucgrmenbcu tcr af fkmjenf f u}u eanmjmu* Ma umk}jbc um rmgnmrm faf mjbmjenf `fenf af njmkrfenõj bm acu lmrefbcu9 umöfaf maeflonc v}m um `f trcb}enbc mj ma faefjem ~ af gcrlf bm feenõj

mrrncrnfa bm afu rmbmu bm fkmjenfu* Njmkrfenõj mu! mj mgmec!af ecjunkjf bm }jf bcernjf v}m um njutnrf mj }jf wnunõj enomrjînef bma l}jbc bm af mltrmuf*

Ma nbmfa bm af j}mwf crkfjnxfenõj t}oanenfrnf mu ma /umrwnenc

ecltamc/* Mu ac v}m ^c}jk ' _}onefl of}nxõ eclc ma mjgcv}m {`cam mkk! Cknaw~ ' Lf`mr9 cre`murfncj! ma kr}tc [TT

bm L* Ucrrmaa ercmm,mrnanxf}l ~ acu `mrlfjcu Uffe`n bmjclnjfj lîcbc `canuf c unuîlnec* Mu ac v} m acu t}oanenfrncugrfjemumu mptrmufj mj }j ucac ecjemtc8 ma bm ecl}jnefenõj* Mabmutafxflnmjc umlæjnec fa v}m `fj uclmnbc f u} crkfjnulc bm rmtrmumjfenõj trcgmuncjfa! af Fucenfenõj bm FkmjenfuEcju}acrfu bm T}oanenbfb (LET.! lmflcrgcumfbf mj 6>00mj Fucenfenõj bm Fkmjenfu Ecju}acrfu bm Ecl}jnefenõj! rmu}af rmwmafbcr! ac lnulc v}m ma `me`c bm v}m Bmju} um `f~f

rmof}nxfbc mj 6>0; eclc /mltrmuf bm ecl}jnefenõj/* Faftrctnfrum bma wcefoac /ecl}jnefenõj/! afu fkmjbfu njbnefj

af mafu ne nbfb bm u} j}mwc efltc trcgmuncjfa* Af îtcef mj afv}m um a nlnfofj f af ecjemtenõj bm }jf efltföf ~f `f tfufbc* Lmbnfjm af kacofanxfenõj bma umrwnenc! af fkmjenf futnrf fnjumrfrum mj ma ecjh}jc bm af wnbf bm af mltrmuf*

Muf l}fenõj mur}e}rfa um trcb}em mj }j lclmjc mj v}mma muv}mlf trcb}enwnuf bm crkfjnxfenõj tnrflnbfa! rmtrm

umjfbc tc r af mltrmuf f~acrnfjf! ecj u} unumlf hmrærv}nec~ af umtfrfenõj mjrm acu bnunjcu umrwnencu ~ g}jencjmu! `f

l}mrc* Af j}mwf mltrmuf umræ af bm acu ga}hcu bm njgcrlfenõj~ ecl}jnefenõj c jc umræ8 îuf mu af j}mwf bcernjf bm crkfjnxfenõj bma rfofhc mj af v} m af /ecl}jnefenõj/ mje}mjrf u}mutfenc jf}rfa eclc `mrrflnmjf bm llxfkmlmj ~ lcbc bmkmunõj bm afu rmafencjmu ucenfamu! fjc bmjrc eclc g}mrf bmaf mltrmuf* T}oanenbfb,trcb}ec! rmafencjmu tøoanefu! acoo~njk!rmafencjmu ecj af trmjuf! tfrcenjnc! lmemjfxkc! mlofafhm ctfeifknaak! bnumöc! ecl}jnefenõj gnjfjenmrf! ecl}jnefenõj ecjma tmrucjfa! ecl}jnefenõj mj nmltc bm ernunu ~ mj nmltc bm

C*7mctca6rae8f bm af {a}rf

tfx! ecl}jnefenõj bm rmea}flnmjc ~ bm bmutnbc! meîmrf!

`fj bm rmutcjbmr f }j lnulc bnrmecr bm crv}muf* Muf l}antanenbfb bm af g}jenõj /ecl}jnefenõj/ mu af v}m `f nlt}auf

bc f acu krfjbmu kr}tcu t}oanenfrncu f bnwmrungnefrum mj cbfu

mufu bnrmeencjmu mj ma rfjue}ruc bm acu föcu ce`mjf* _mbmueclc H* [famr R`cltucj! a ìbmr l}jbnfa bm afu rmafencjmu

tøoanefu ~ mutmenfanuf mj njwmunkfenõj ~ bnumöc ,}jf fenwnbfb v}m! `fuf `fem tcec mufof! lf~crnfrnflmjm! mj lfjcu

bm njbmtmjbnejmu,! conmjmj ~f mj mucu umecrmu emref bm aflnfb bm u} wca}lmj bm jmkcencu* Bmju} ,,ecj }jf bnaffbf

mptmrnmjenf mj /ecl}jnefenõj bm fecjmenlnmjcu/ (gmrnfu!mptcunencjmu! ecltmnencjmu bmtcrnwfu! meîmrf., rmenonõ mamjefrkc bm rmea}fr! mj ecafocrfenõj ecj Fbnbfu! f tfrcenjfbcrmu tfrf afu canltnfbfu bm Umøa*

Muf j}mwf a ìjmf bm mptfjunõj bm afu cgmrfu bm umrwnencu ecrrmutcjbm f }j eflonc bm r}loc bm af bmlfjbf8 ma ecjufjmermenlnmjc bm afu njwmruncjmu mj lmbncu jc ecjwmjencjfamu

(omac{ r`m Xnjm. mj bmrnlmjc bm acu kfucu mj lmbncu ecjwmjencjfamu* Mj ma mutfenc bm wmnjm föcu! mj ma umecr bma krfjecju}lc mj M}rctf! mj Mufbcu ]jnbcu ~ mj Hftõj! afu e}mjfu t}oanenfrnfu bm lmbncu ecjwmjencjfamu `fj tfufbc bm 74 f2=-! lnmjrfu v}m afu e}mjfu bm /trclcenõj bm wmjfu/ u}o ìfj bm =4 f ==-*

Tmrc ma eflnjc v}m a amwf f af u njmrknf mjrm afu bnwmrufu mutm

enfanbfbmu bnuf l}e`c bm mufr fagclorfbc bm rcufu! eclc acbml}murf ma rc}jbc grfefuc bm Uffe`n ' Uffe`n v}m! rfu`fomr fbv}nrnbc trmunkncufu fkmjenfu jcrmflmrnefjfu bm /mumucrflnmjc tfrf af bnrmeenõj/ ~ `fomr njmjfbc njecrtcrfr

afu f u}u fenwnbfbmu trctnflmjm t}oanenfrnfu! }wc v}mbmutrmjbmrum bm maafu tc r rfxcjmu bm njecltfnonanbfb mjrm

flofu e}a}rfu trcgmuncjfamu* Af fkmjenf bm t}oanenbfb! ecjwmrnbf mj fkmjenf bm ecl}jnefenõj! muæ cbfwìf amhcu bm mum

nbmfa v}m u}kmrìf v}m ~f `foìf aamkfbc ma nmltc bm af /mltrm

uf njmkrfbf bm umrwnencu bm ecl}jnefenõj/! g nrlf u}trmlf

bm af f}bncrìf kacofa* ]jneflmjm af t}hf rmõrnef bm ucjfbfu

CTF ,wmrbfbmrfu ctmrfencjmu tunecaõknefu bm OHnxirnmk, ~ afflõugmrf bm af îtcef ecj u}u ace}rfu bm krfjbmxf `fj tcbn

bc a amwfr f muf ermmjenf* Tcrv}m af bîefbf bm acu föcu ce`mjfg}m ucorm cbc af bm af lncackìf bm af ecl}jnefenõj* Ma ælon,



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c ecl}jnefencjfa! nk}fa v}m ma ælonc gnjfjenmrc! `f g}jencjfbc mj enmrc lcbc eclc un amwnfrf tc r mjenlf bm af ofumtrcb}enwf ~ bm af mpnumjenf ecnbnfjf ~ ecjermf bm acu ecju}lnbcrmu! eclc un bm bcu o}ro}hfu mutme}afnwfu um rffrf*

Ma l}jbc eclc mutfenc wnfa

Af lnulf bmulmu}rf! af lnulf t}hf! rmftfrmem mj lfmrnf bm

kacofanxfenõj kmckrægnef! }j t}jc v}m `f u}uenfbc ~ unk}m

u}uenfjbc j}lmrcufu ecjrcwmrunfu mj ma umjc lnulc bm acu

eìre}acu trcgmuncjfamu bm af t}oanenbfb ~ ma lærimnjk*

³T}mbm `fomr tcaìnefu ~ trcb}ecu/ kacofamu/3 aMu tcunoamv}m gnrlfu bm wcefenõj l}jbnfa t}mbfj rmjfonanxfr u}u lfr

efu mj løantamu tfìumu }nanxfjbc afu lnulfu aìjmfu bm lærim

njk3 @fem nmltc v}m gnrlfu eclc Ecef,Ecaf! Lfraocrc!

LeBcjfab+u! Muuc,Mppcj! _camp! v}m rme}rrmj f acu lnulcu

mlfu! f acu lnulc muaõkfjmu ~ hnjkamu f ac afrkc ~ fje`c bm akacoc! um trcj}jenfrcj fgnrlfnwflmjm* B}rfjm acu föcuce`mjf! af murfmknf bm mufu gnrlfu v}m rmtrmumjfofj acufrv}mntcu bm af /mltrmuf kacofa/ um `f ecjwmrnbc mj bcern

jf ~ u} mptmrnmjenf um `f mprftcafbc fa ecjh}jc bm afu gnr

lfu* Focrbfr ma l}jbc eclc }j lmrefbc øjnec mu ac v}m `fnjmjfbc gcrlfanxfr ma trcgmucr R`mcbcr Amwn ! bm af O}un

jmuu Ue`cca bm af ]jnwmrunbfb bm @frwfrb* Muf bcernjf `funbc fltanflmjm }nanxfbf ~ h}ungnefbf tc r ma kr}tc Uffe`n' Uffe`n! bma v}m ma }jnwmrunfrnc mufbc}jnbmjum mu fumucr9af `f ecjwmrnbc mj }j bnue}ruc coankfcrnc bmjrc bm u} murfmknf bm ecjur}eenõj bm af g}}rf rmb kacofa* Tfrf îa! af

eafwm bma îpnc! mj ac v}m um rmgnmrm f af mptacfenõj bm acu lmrefbcu njmrjfencjfamu! muæ mj ma afjxflnmjc bm trcb}ecu ~bm lfrefu kacofamu! mu bmenr! mj ma lærimnjk bm trcb}ecu ~bm lfrefu mufjbfrnxfbfu f rfwîu bma l}jbc mjmrc*

Grmjm f mum kacofanulc f }arfjxf um frk}lmjf f lmj}bcv}m }j lmrefbc! tcr l}~ øjnec v}m v}nmrf umr! flonîj rmtrmumjf ma lcufnec bm u}u bngmrmjenfu tcrv}m mu ma trcb}ecbm afu `nu crnfu ecjermfu bm afu mecjclìfu ~ bm afu e}a}rfu*

Bnunjc tmuc bm acu bnwmrucu lmbncu! bnwmrunbfb bm amjk}fu!bnutfrnbfb bm jnwmamu bm wnbf! bnunjfu rmkaflmjfencjmu tfrf

**4m4t4N6i8f bm 666 e}arN[aa

ma }uc bma mutfenc t}oanen frnc tmrc flonîj! ~ ucorm cbc!k}ucu! lcnwfencjmu ~ wfacrmu trctncu*

Unj a amkfr f jmkfr af rmfanbfb bm af aõknef bm af kacofanxfenõj!crcu mptmrcu mj lærimnjk bnuermtfj bm e}fav}nmr tcu}rf f}arfjxf* Njunumj mj af mpnumjenf tfrfamaf bm crfu aõknefu v}mecjb}emj f af grfklmjfenõj bma lmrefbc l}jbnfa8 af /bmulfungnefenõj kmjmrfanxfbf/ bma ecju}lc ~ af meacunõj bm ln,erclmrefbcu! fj tfatfoamu eclc af njmrjfencjfanxfenõjunl}aæjmf bm acu lferclmrefbcu bm trcb}ecu bm krfj ecju}lc! fa lmjcu mj afu krfjbmu ucenmbfbmu njb}urnfamu! bcjbmum ecjemjrf 04- bma kfuc bm acu njbnwnb}cu bma tafjmf* Tcrv}m acu bmofmu ucorm af kacofanxfenõj ucj fj mjceîjrnecuv}m uõac nmjmj mj e}mjf f afu ucenmbfbmu bm af /rnfbf/! jclorm bfbc tcr ma hftcjîu Imjne`n C`lfm f af mecjclìf ~ fal}jbc rntcafrmu bm M}rctf ceenbmjfa! Flîrnef bma Jcrm ~

ma mjcrjc funænec bm Hftõj*

Ma bmofm tmrlfjmem fonmrc ~ munl}afbc tcr af ecjun}enõjbm acu krfjbmu lmrefbcu øjnecu ~ afu krfjbmu xcjfu bm anorm

eflonc! mj M}rctf ceenbmjfa! mj Flîrnef bma Jcrm ~ mj afe}mjef bma Tfengnec! mj trnlmr a}kfr* Unj mlofrkc! }jf ecuf muenmrf8 fa bmut}jfr ma föc ?444! af njb}urnf t}oanenfrnf ~f jcmu ac v}m mrf* Af efxf bm uìlocacu ecj fac ecmgnenmjm bm nbmjngnefenõj ~ af efrrmrf mj o}uef bm }jnwmrufamu u}uemtnoamu bmfka}njfr lmbnfjm mamwnuncjmu njmrt}mufu fa lf~cr jølmrc bm ecju}lnbcrmu! `fem nmltc v}m mltmxõ*

Unj efmr mj af jmcamjk}f o}rcerænef bma /cbc kacofa/ ~ bm u}

wnunõj bm a lmrefbc l}jbnfa enomrjîneflmjm trckrflfbf!efom fblnnr v}m af njb}urnf t}oanenfrnf um wmræ coankfbf! efbfwmx læu! f mjmr mj e}mjf af j}mwf mftf bm crkfjnxfenõj bmaf mecjclìf,l}jbc! mj af v}m grfklmjfenõj! umklmjfenõj~ kacofanxfenõj ucj! unj b}bf! efrfu ecltamlmjfrnfu bm }jlnulc trcemuc* Muf j}mwf crkfjnxfenõj nltcjm }jf j}mwf

frne}afenõj mjrm acu jnwmamu u}trfjfencjfamu! jfencjfamu ~acefamu! ac v}m mj jnjkøj efuc nltanef af bmuftfrnenõj bm }jc} crc jnwma! unjc! fjmu onmj! af rm}onefenõj bm efbf }jc bmmaacu rmutmec bma crc* Ma l}jbc eclc u}tmrlmrefbc kacofa~ øjnec mu }jf na}unõj eclc ac mu ma l}jbc rmecjenanfbc mj}jf /fabmf kacofa/* Tcr u} tfrm! acu mutmenfanufu mj /ucenc,



FN[NFJBLFRRMAFNQR

munacu/ v}m! bmubm gnjfamu bm acu föcu ce`mjf coumrwfj afuumlmhfjxfu mjrm famlfjmu! ornæjnecu! grfjemumu! nfanfjcu ~mutföcamu tmrmjmenmjmu f }jf lnulf efmkcrìf bm k}ucu!futnrfencjmu! njkrmucu! munacu bm wnbf! ~f muæj ecjwmjenbcu

bm af umklmjfenõj rfjujfencjfa bm acu tøoanecu bm acu lmrefbcu øjnecu! mj }j l}jbc mj ma v}m afu bngmrmjenfencjmu ~

afu umkrmkfencjmu jc bmhfj bm fermemjfrum*

Af aõknef bm a wca}lmj

Ma trcemuc bm kacofanxfenõj bm afu rmbmu t}oanenfrnfu bngìenalmjm t}mbm mjmjbmrum un jc um wnje}af ecj af mjbmjenf kmjmrfa f af ecjemjrfenõj bm af mecjclìf l}jbnfa* B}rfjm acuföcu ce`mjf um ecjur}~mrcj afu ofumu bm acu krfjbmu kr}tcu

l}anlmbnf rfjujfencjfamu! v}m flonîj mufofj mj o}uef bm

}jnwmrufamu* Ma famlæj Omrmaulfjj! ma grfjeîu @fe`mm! maf}urfanfjc L}rbce` me`fj rfìemu mj Mufbcu ]jnbcu! lnmj

rfu v}m acu hftcjmumu! ecj Ucj~ f af efomxf ! um ftcbmrfj bm}jf e}frf tfrm bm acu mu}bncu bm @caa~{ccb* Acu mufbc

}jnbmjumu Rnlm ~ [frjmr rmtanefj ecj af g}unõj bma unkac*

Af ecjemj rfenõj um aamwf f efoc mj cbcu acu umecrmu bm afnjb}urnf ~ acu umrwnencu * Mum gmjõlmjc nmjm }jf rmtmre}

u nõj bnrmef mj ma rmtfrc bm acu fj}jenfjmu* Acu Mufbcu

]jnbcu rmtrmumjfj! mj mum umjnbc! }j efuc mloamlænec*Acu enjec trnjentfamu fj}jenfjmu ecjemjrfj mjrm maacu ucacu }jf v}njf tfr m bm afu e}mjfu t}oanenfrnfu* Jc `f~ bmv}î ucrtrmjbmrum! e}fjbc um ufom v}m bm acu enmj trnlmrcu

fj}jenfjmu mufbc}jnbmjumu mj 6>04! }jf mremrf tfrm `foìftmrbnbc u} njbmtmjbmjenf bnmx föcu læu frbm f rfìx bm g}uncjmu c ecltrfu tcr tfrm bm krfjbmu kr}tcu* Muf un}fenõjnjv}nmf f læu bm }jc* Fuì!ma ucenõackc Amc Ockfr! }jc bm acutncjmrcu bm acu mu}bncu bm ctnjnõj mj Mufbcu ]jnbcu ~ fumucr bm j}lmrcucu lmbncu bm u} tfìu! jc b}bf mj muernonr8 /Maunkjngnefbc rmfa bm af ecjemjrfenõj bma tcbmr t}oanenfrnc muv}m! mj u} njemufjm tmrume}enõj bm af f}bnmjenf! fanlmjf maecjumrwfb}rnulc ~ bmufanmjf af wmrbfbmrf njjcwfenõj Y***a*Læpnlm e}fjbc acu e}frc lf~crmu kr}tcu t}oanenfrncu mufbc}jnbmjumu ucj rmutcjufoamu bm }j mrenc bm acu njkrmucu

t}oanenfrncu bm a tfìu*/ Jc tfrmem jmemufrnc föfbnr v}m! mjrm

acu bcem trnlmrcu fj}jenfjmu l}jbnfamu! bnmx unk}mj unmjbc

mltrmufu jcrmflmrnefjfu*

nmctcaai8f bm af {a}rj

Mj acu föcu ce`mjf! tc r øanlc! af ecjemjrfenõj `f aaflfbc

f af ecjemjrfenõj! ecjgcrlm ac fmunk}f af ftfrnenõj bm emj

rfamu bm ecltrf bm mutfencu t}oanenfrncu! bm mjwmrkfb}rf

ecjnjmjfa! tcr j c bmenr l}jbnfa! mj rmut}muf f af ecjemj

rfenõj bm acu kr}tcu l}anlmbnf ~ t}oanenfrncu* Af gõrl}af

bm af emjrfa ! nlfknjfbf mj acu föcu ummjf tfrf ma mrrncrncjfencjfa! tcr acu grfjemumu Knaomr ~ Grfjenu Krcuu ,tmrc v}m

um njuernom mj af lnulìunlf rfbnenõj! flonîj grfjemuf! bm af

rîknm, um `f rnwnfanxfbc* Af aõknef bma wca}lmj wnkmjm mj afkrfj bnurno}enõj `f mjnbc }j krfj îpnc ~ bmmrlnjf afu j}m

wfu rmafencjmu bma rnæjk}ac fj}jenfjmu,lmbnfu,fkmjenfu8 af

emjrfa um `f fb}möfbc bm af tfrnbf ~ bnef u}u rmkafu fjc f

acu fj}jenfjmu eclc f acu lmbncu* U} tcbmr bmmrlnjf mawca}lmj bm acu rætmamu v}m ecjembmj acu lmbncu* Mj Grfjenf!

04- bm af ecltrf bm mutfencu tfuf `c~ tcr afu emjrfamu ~

enjec kr}tcu ecjrcafj 74- bm muf fenwnbfb! e}~cu trnlm

rcu t}mucu flonîj muæj ce}tfbcu tc r M}rcecl ~ T}oanenu*

]jf emjrfa ,Efrf Mutfem* bm acu `mrlfjcu Krcuu, ecjrcaftc r uì ucaf læu bm af e}frf tfrm bma mutfbc bm efbf }jf bmafu efbmjfu grfjemufu bm mamwnunõj* Rflonîj mu af trnlmrf rmb

bm emjrfamu bm ecltrf bm M}rctf8 f tfrnr bm 6>00! Efrf Mu

tfem! v}m `f unbc foucronbc tcr ma `cabnjk ornæjnec FMKaU

bma v}m mu trnjentfa feencjnuf, um `f mufoamenbc mj bnmence`c

tfìumu! E`mecuacwfv}nf ~ _}unf mjrm crcu*

Ma rnmukc bm }jf tcunenõj eclc îuf mj af jmkcenfenõj bm afuecltrfu bm mutfenc ecacef f acu lmbncu/ mj }jf un}fenõj bmbmtmjbmjenf mecjõlnef/* Fuì ac mjmjbnmrcj acu rmafcrmu bma

ecjumhc bm af ecltmmjenf v}m! mj h}anc bm 6>>?! t}oanefrcj

}j bce}lmjc mj ma v}m! rfu fjfanxfr ecj bmfaam af lmeæjnefbm acu ecjenmrcu naìbcu ~ afu træenefu namkfamu! trctcjìfj }jf

/lcrfanxfenõj/ bma lmrefbc t}oanenfrnc grfjeîu*

Ma trcoamlf! jc coufjm! ecjunum mj ufomr un jc um muæ bfj

bc mpemunwf nltcrfjbf fa muf}c bma bnutcunnwc t}oanenfrnc* aOfuf ecj enre}juernonr ma trcoamlf f af a}e`f ecjrf af

/ecrr}tenõj/! e}fjbc ac v}m muæ mj maf bm h}nenc mu ma erm

enmjm trmbclnjnc bma /mgmec t}oanenbfb/ ,v}m um tfrmemeclc

}j eafj fa /mgmec lcbmrjnbfb/, mj acu læu ìjnlcu lmefjnu

lcu bm j}murfu ucenmbfbmu bmlcerænefu3

24 26



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Anomrfb bm mptrmunõj eclmrenfa8

³j}mwc bmrme`c `}lfjc3

B}rfjm acu föcu ce`mjf! af kacofanxfenõj bm afu rmbmu t}oanenfrnfu `f ecrrnbc tfrmhfu ecj }jf clf bm ecjenmjenf tcaìn

ef t cr t frm bm acu crkfjnulcu njmrtrcgmuncjfamu *Fj}jenfjmu! lmbncu ~ fkmjenfu `fj murme`fbc u}u afxcu njmrjfencjfamu tfrf bmgmjbmr njmrmumu v}m ecjunbmrfofj flm,

jfxfbcu tcr af njhmrmjenf bm af u f}crnbfbmu tøoanefu!

jfencjfamu m njmrjfencjfamu! mj u} ælonc trcgmuncjfa*

Faaæ bcjbm um bmenbnmrf af u}mrm bm acu unumlfu f}bncwnu}famurfjugrcjmrnxcu! `fj njmrwmjnbc u}u crkfjnulcu ecrtcrfnwcu v}m `fj bmutamkfbc j}lmrcufu feencjmu bm acoo~njk mjrm

afu f}crnbfbmu mjefrkfbfu bm mufoamemr rmkafu8 mj lfmrnf!

tc r mhmltac! bm e}cfu t}oanenfrnfu! lcbfanbfbmu bm njmrr}t,

enõj bm trckrflfu lmbnfjm ecrmu! t}oanenbfb bnr nk nbf f acu

jnöcu! t}oanenbfb tfrf trcb}ecu famu eclc ma fofec c acufaec`camu* Ma Ecjumhc bm M}rctf! ma Tfraflmjc M}rctmc ~ afEcl}jnbfb m}rctmf flonîj `fj unbc ma mfrc bm fjnlfbfu

ecjrcwmrunfu ucorm mucu mlfu! mutmenfalmjm b}rfjm af bnue}unõj ucorm af jmemunbfb bm }j /ecjwmjnc/ ~ bm }jf/bnrmenwf/ tfrf af rmkaflmjfenõj bm af mamwnunõj rfjugrcjmrnxf*

F tfrnr bm 6>04! ma grmjm }jnbc t}oanenfrncu,fj}jenfjmu,uctcrmu bfof af umöfa bm ufanbf f }jf /rntfrnf bm af t}oanenbfb/ (M}rctmfj Fbwmrnunjk Rrntfrnm! MFR.bm af v}m ma ucenclæu fenwc mrf! njb}bfoamlmjm! af Fucenfenõj m}rctmf bm

fkmjenfu (M}rctmfj Fuucenfncj cg Fbwmrnunjk Fkmjenmu!

MFFF.* Umlmhfjmu feencjmu ecjemrfbfu `fj unbc a amwfbfu fefoc f muefaf tafjmfrnf fjm ma KFRR (Kmjmrfa Fkrmmlmj cj

Rfrnggu fjb Rrfbm8 Fe}mrbc kmjmrfa ucorm frfjemamu ~ eclmrenc. b}rfjm acu trnlmrcu bmofmu ucorm af anomrfanxfenõj bm acuumrwnencu ~ acu /ga}hcu njwnunoamu/ bm acu v}m gcrlf tfrm af t} ,oanenbfb* Njmrwnmjmj mj mufu feencjmu! bm gcrlf bmufefbf!

crkfjnxfencjmu eclc af &FF (Njerjfncjfa Fbwmrnunjk Fuucenfncj.! e}~f umbm u nk}m mufjbc mj J}mwf ^cri! tmrc v}m

rmtrmumjf `c~f cbf af ecl}jnbfb t}oanenfrnf bma tafjmf!bnurno}nbf mj /eftì}acu jfencjfamu/9 c flonîj eclc af [GF([crab Gmbmrfnfj cg Fbwmrnumru.* g}jbfbf mj Or}umafu mj

4m4t4NñN6+9aN bm af fua}rf

6>=5! tc r njnenfnwf bm fj}jenfjmu omakfu! grfjemumu! nfanfjcu

~ u}mecu! ~ rmmur}e}rfbf mj 6!>02! fa fltanfr u ælon&c b fe}fenõj ~ ma bm u}u fgnanfbcu* Mucu rmtrmumjfj !6;4 lna rr}a acjmu bm bõafrmu mj njwmruncjmu t}oanenfrnfu&

Ma u}rknlnmjc bm }jf ecjenmjenf ecrtcrfnwf tafjmfrnf `f

w}mac f tcjmr bm fe}fanbfb }jf bcer njf ~f fjnk}f! cbfwmx v}m u} trnjentfa jcrlf gnk}rf mj ma Eõbnkc bm af EælfrfNjmrjfencjfa bm Eclmrenc! bm 6>5;8af f}crrmk}afenõj! mu bmenr!lmjcu Mufbc! lmjcu rmkaflmjfenõj fblnjnurfnwf! læu anomrfb tfrf }jf f}cbnuentanjf bma lmrefbc* ^ fuì! `f n r r } l ! ztnbc mj afu bnue}uncjmu ucorm acu /j}mwcu bmrme`cu `}lfjcu

af jcenõj bm /anomrfb bm mptrmunõj eclmrenfa/* ]jf anomrfbv}m! mj j}murfu ucenmbfbmu! efbf wmx læu uclmnbfu f acu mu

v}mlfu jmcanomrfamu! lfjnmjm bmubm mjcjemu }jf mjuf ecltmmjenf ecj af a nomrfb bm mptrmunõj bm acu en}bfbfjcu*

Onoanckrfgìf

Ockfr! A*! R m Flmrnefj Lmbnf U~uml fjb Ru Ecllmrenfa*E}N,}rm Kfjjm Gc}jbfncj Lmbnf Emjmr! J}mwf ^cri! ]jnwmrunb9b bm Eca}lonf! lfrxc 6>>6*

Eafri! M*! R`m [fjr Lfimru! Acjbrmu! @cbbmr ' Uc}k`cj!

6>00*

M{mj! U*! Ecjuenmjemu uc}u njgN}mjem! rfb* bma fjkacflmrnefjc!Tfrìu! F}onmr! 6>05*

Gfp! U*! R m Lnrrcr Lfimru! J}mwf ^cri! [* Lcrrc{ ' Ec*!

6>02*

K}~c! ^*! r9Îerfj t}oanenfnrm! Tfrìu! A+@frlffj! 6>>?*

Amwn! R*! /R`m Kacofanxfncj cg Lfrimu/! mj @frwfrb O}un,

jmuu _mwnm{! h}jnc bm 6>05*

Lfeafr! F*! Af njmrjfencjfa t}oanenfrnf! Lfbrnb! T}jbmuec*



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6>0>9 Af ecl}jnefenõj,l}jbc* @nucrnf bm afu nbmfu 6g bm afu murfmknfu! Lfbrnb! G}jbmuec! 6>>5 YLîpnec! Unkac pPN! 6>>;6*

C`lfe* I*! Af Rrìfbm! Tfrìu! Gafrjlfrncj! 6>0= Yrfb* efu*8 Matcbmr bm af rìfbf8 afu j}mwfu rmkafu bm af ecltmmjenf l}jbnfa!Lfbrnb! LeKrf{,@naa! 6>>6\*

Tnefrbn! L/ /Eacofanufncj! `îcrnm m trfnv}m/! mj _mc}m

grfl9fnue bm lfrimnjk! fkcuc 6>0;*

_îuef}p! bcuunmr /Af T}oanenî/! rmwnuf ]*U*R*,e*J*M*R*!+jøl*

2?! Tfrìu! h}anc bm 6>>4*

[njb* ~* ~ Bc}kafu! U*! /Am L~`m bm af kacofanufncj/! mj _me`mre`mu m ftanefncju mj lfrimnjk! ce}orm bm 6>07*

EFTÌR]Añ5

Lmbncu8 X`fenf af ucomrfjìfbma ecju}lnbcr3+

B}rfjm acu föcu ce`mjf um `f trcb}enbc }j eflonc bm tmrutmenwfu mj afu enmjenfu ~ afu njb}urnfu bm af ecl}jnefenõj*

Mj ma rfjue}ruc bm afu bîefbfu trmembmjmu! um `foìf nlt}mu,

c af nlfkmj bm }j tøoanec rmemtcr tfunwc ~ gæenalmjm lfjnt}afoam ~! ecrrmafnwflmjm! af bm }j lmbnc cljntcmj m *

Bmubm mjcjemu! mj cbc ma l}jbc! um rmafnwnxf muf nbmf bm

cljntcmjenf* Tmrc af anomrfb rmecjcenbf fa ecju}lnbcr mutfrfbõhnef*

³L}an}bmu c tøoanecu3 ]j bmofm trmlcjncrnc

Af `nucrnf bm afu mcrìfu ucorm af rmafenõj mjrm acu lmbncu

lcbmrjcu ~ u} tøoanec eclnmjxf mj afu bcu øanlfu bîefbfu

bma unkac PNP* Mj umk}jbc îrlnjc8 af anomrfb bm trmjuf ~mptrmunõj rmenmjmlmjm ecjv}nufbfu! af ftfrnenõj bm }jf

trmjuf aaflfbf bm lfufu mj }jf ucenmbfb flonîj aaflfbf bm

lfufu! ~ }j rmgmrmjm mõrnec! af /tunecackìf bm afu l}an},

bmu/* Afu bnue}uncjmu v}m um mjfoafj wmrufj ucorm afu ecjume}mjenfu bm af n r r}tenõj bm afu l}an }bmu! bm acu krfjbmu

jølmrcu! mj af wnbf bm af en}bfb* ³Eõlc bmjclnjfr f muf

lfuf bm bmunjffrncu f acu v}m um bnrnkmj acu tmrnõbnecu ~ rmwnufu3 Ma ucenõackc nfanfjc Uentnc Unk`mam ~ ma lîbnec tunectfõackc K}ufwm Am Ocj trmmjbmj v}m mum gmjõlmjc `fnjrcb}enbc f af ucenmbfb ceenbmjfa mj af /mrf bm afu l}an},

bmu/* ]jf mrf v}m efrfemrnxfj eclc af bma f}lmjc bm afuwncamjenfu ecamenwfu njecjrcafbfu* Af /l}an}b/ (w ma /falfbm af l}an}b/.! mum ecamenwc nrrmutcjufoam! mum a}kfr bm /gmrlmjfencjmu tunecaõknefu/! bm /mprföcu nlt}aucu/! v}m umv}mbf `ntjcnxfbc grmjm f ac lmbncu! um ecjwnmrm ! umkøj afmptrmunõj bm Unk`mam* /mj af frenaaf oafjbfucorm af v}m af lfjc

bma tmrncbnuf nltrnlm u} `}maaf/* Acu ecjemtcu,eafwm bm af

Mum eftì}ac `f unbc muernc mj ecafocrfenõj e}j Lne î +am LfbfrS



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tunecackìf bm afl}an}b knrfj mj crjc f af nbmf bm u}kmunõj!bm u}kmunonanbfb! bm ecjfknc lmjfa! bm fa}enjfenõj njea}uc!~ nmjmj bma bmunjffrnc af wnunõj bm }j umr lfjnt}afoam! /njunkfbc/ njeftfx bm rmfeencjfr fjm ma /njunkfbcr/ v}m mu ma

tmrncbnuf*

Ma crc t}jc bma bmofm ac trctcrencjf ma g}jbfbcr bm af tunecackìf ucenfa! Kfornma Rfrbm* Mum lfknurfbc ecjwmrnbc f afuenmjenfu ucenfamu tnmjuf v}m jc mu mpfec rfxcjfr mj îrlnjcu

bm /mrf bm afu l}an}bmu/* Af /mrf bm afu l}an}bmu/ ~ makr}tc ucenfa /l}an}b/ tmrmjmemj fa tfufbc* Ma tcrwmjnr umfj}jenf ofhc ma unkjc bm af /mrf bma ~ bm acu tøoanecu/* Mufj}mwf mrf rmtrmumjf }j trckrmuc mj af /ucenfonanbfb/* Afftfr ne nõj bm tøoanecu mu }j gmjõlmjc e}a}rfa! enwnanxfbc! bîmrlnjfbc tcr ma /tmjuflnmjc ucorm af lnrfbf bm acu crcu/! fbngmrmjenf bm af mbfb bm af l}an}b! mum gmjõlmjc trnlnnwcbmmrlnjfbc tc r af 66feenõj bm (flnrfbf bm acu crcu/* Ma f}km

bm acu tøoanecu mpnkm rmtafjmfrum afu ecjbnencjmu bm af bmlc

erfenf*

Mum rmecrbfcrnc `nuõrnec mu nltcrfjm tc r }j bcoam lcnwc! tfrf ecltrmjbmr fak}jcu bm acu trnjentfamu rfukcu v} m

fbv}nmrm ma njmrrckfjm ucorm ma a}kfr bma bmunjffrnc mj matrcemuc bm ecl}jnefenõj b}rfjm ma unkac unk}nmjm* Trnlmrc!tcrv}m mj muf îtcef mu e}fjbc wf clfjbc gcrlf ma ecjemtc bm }j bmunjffrnc njbmgmjuc! f lmremb bma ecjbnencjflnmj

c! ~ u} ecrca fr nc ! af nbmf bm af cljntcmjenf bm acu lmbncu

lfunwcu bm bng}unõj* Muf nbmf bnugr}fræ bm afrkf wnbf ~! ofhcløantamu gcrlfu! jc bmhfræ bm fanlmjfr ma nlfknjf rnc bm afecl}jnefenõj* A}mkc! tcrv}m flonîj mu mj muf îtcef e}fj

bc um `fem lf~cr ma fonulc mjrm bcu ecjemtencjmu bm af e nmjenf bm ac ucenfa! unlocanxfbf muf tc r ma mjgrmjflnmjc mjrm

Kfornma Rfrbm ~ ma g}jbfbcr bm af ucencackìf! Mlnam B}ri`mnl*

Ma trnlmrc am rmtrce`f fa umk}jbc ma `me`c bm ecungnefr acu

`me`cu ucenfamu! bm rmofhfracu fa jnwma bm gmjõlmjcu gìunecu famptanefr acu gmjõlmjcu ucenfamu lmbnfjm crcu gmjõlmjcu

ucenf amu ~ fa ecjunbmrfr v}m acu `me`cu ucenfamu mpnumj g}mrfbm acu efucu ecjermcu mj v}m um rmfanxfj* Rfrbm cohmf v}m mutrmenuc /tcbmr bfrum e}mjf bm af jf}rfamxf u}ohmnwf bm afunjmrfeencjmu ucenfamu/* Læu fbmafjm! mum bmofm umræ unltangnefbc! f lmj}bc mj mpemuc! ~ rmb}enbc fa bnamlf tunecacknu,

nmctcaaaef bm nNN e}a}rf

lc#ucencacknulc* F muf îtcef um rmlcjf ma bmue}frnxflnmj

c v}m! b}rfjm l}e`c nmltc efrfemrnxfræ f af ` nu c rn f bm

afu mc rì fu ~ afu trætnefu bm af ecl}jnefenõj/ Af `nucrnf bm

acu cohmcu ~ efltcu bm njwmunkfenõj mj mum ælonc! mj mgmec! muæ lfrefbf tc r af mjunõj mjrm ma njbnwnb}c ~ af ucenmbfb! ma fecr ~ ma unumlf! af f}cjclìf njbnwnb}fa ~ afu

bmmrlnjfencjmu ucenfamu* ]jcu tcjbræj îjgfunu mj ma trnlmrîrlnjc9 crcu mj ma umk}jbc* Af bngne}afb tfrf mjefhfracu!tfrf bmu`femr }jf wnunõj bm ctcunenõj +onjfrnf mjrm }jc ~crc îrlnjc ~ tfrf fbctfr }jf lnrfbf v}m! fjmu onmj! acurfm eclc jnwmamu bm fjæanunu! umræ }jf efrfemrìunef rme}rrmj

m* Muf mjunõj muæ mj ma crnkmj bm afu bnwmrkmjenfu mjrm ecrrnmjmu! mjrm mue}mafu bm tmjuflnmjc! njmkrfjmu cbfu maafubm afu enmjenfu bm af ecl}jnefenõj! v}m }jfu wmemu trnwnamknfjaf njwmunkfenõj bm af ecl}jnefenõj njmrtmrucjfa ~ crfu nj

unumj mj ma efræemr bmmrlnjfjm bm afu mur}e}rfu mj afuv}m um trcb}emj mufu rmafencjmu njmrtmrucjfamu* Ac v} m umme`fræ mj gfaf +um,æ af rmecjenanfenõj bm acu bcu æjk}acu bm

mjgcv}m*

Mum u}enjc rmecrrnbc `nuõrnec um h}ungnef cbfwìf læu tcr ma`me`c bm v}m b}rfjm acu föcu ce`mjf! fak}jfu mue}mafu bmtmjuflnmjc ~ fak}jcu f}crmu bm fv}ma g njfa bm unkac PNP ~bma eclnmjxc bm unkac PP umræj cohmc bm }j rmjcwfbc njmrîu! rfu bîefbfu bm t}rkfcrnc mj ma v}m `fj mufbc un}fbcu

ofhc ma unkjc bma gîrrmc rmnjfbc bm afu wnuncjmu mur}e}rc,g}jencjfamu* Mu ma efuc! mj tfrne}afr! bm Kfornma Rfrbm* Rflonîj acmu! ~ mj lf~cr lmbnbf! bm u} ecjmltcræjmc!ma famlæj Kmcrk

Unllma! tfrf fak}jcu }jc bm acu g}jbfbcrmu bma /njmrfeencjnulc unloõanec/* Rcbc muc coankf! bm `me`c! f ftfrfrum bm

}jf wnunõj mwca}encjnuf bm afu ecjemtencjmu bm af ecl}jnef

enõj! fuì eclc bma a}kfr v}m f r no}~mj fa bmunjffrnc* Bnkælcuac bm mjrfbf8 acu efloncu v}m um `fj trcb}enbc b}rfjm

acu föcu ce`mjf um bmomj fjc fa rmu}rknlnmjc bm afu ecrrnmjmu lnjcrnfrnfu v}m ~f mpnuìfj bmubm `feìf fakøj nmltc! eclc f af nrr}tenõj bm j}mwcu mjgcv}mu njmrbnuentanjfrncu*

Bm af trcb}eenõj fa ecju}lc

Acu umecrmu njb}urnfamu `fj mptmrnlmjfbc af jmemunbfb bmfecfr ma tmrgna bm acu bmunjffrncu bm acu lmjufhmu f tfrnr bma

fbwmjnlnmjc bm afu trnlmrfu gcrlfu bm af e}a}rf bm lfufu*

+;



FEQgNNNFJB L*F*RRMAFrrr

Afu rmwnufu gmlmjnjfu g}mrcj acu trnlmrcu efltcu bm mptmrn,lmjfenõj* G}jbfbc mj 6005! af nrfbf bma cbfwìf trmumjm

Afbnmu @clm nc}lfa um un}fof ~f tc r mjenlf bma lna aõj bm

mhmltafrmu mj ma eflonc bm unkac* Lmbnfjm ma mu}bnc bm aff}bnmjenf gmlmjnjf! f tfrnr bm acu föcu bm 60;4 um muocxõ mj

acu Mufbcu ]jnbcu }j mjgcv}m murfîknec bm af eîa}af gfln,

anfr* Rflonîj bmubm fv}ma mjcjemu afu krfjbmu fkmjenfu bm aflcbmrjf t}oanenbfb bm mum tfìu clfrcj tfrm fenwf mj mufu

njwmunkfencjmu* Njea}uc fjmu bm v}m ma lærimnjk um ecjwnr,nmrf mj træenef `fon}fa mj acu crcu ume crmu bm af fe nwnbfbmecjõlnef! afu mltrmufu bm af trmjuf bmufrrcaafrcj acu mu}

bncu bm lmrefbc ecj ma gnj bm ecjcemr lmhcr ma tmrgna ucenfa ~

mecjõlnec bm u}u amecrmu* E}fjbc! f gnjfamu bm acu föcu wmnj,m! `femj u} ftfrnenõj acu îrlnjcu /lærimnjk/ ~ 66e}cf bmlmrefbc/! acu mutmenfanufu mj mu}bncu bm lmrefbc bmumltm

öfj }j tftma l}~ bmufefbc* F tfrnr bm mum tmrìcbc nmjma}kfr }j njmreflonc mjrm ma ælonc }jnwmrunfrnc ~ ma eìre}acbm acu jmkce ncu ~ af njb}urnf* Kmcrkm Kfaa}t mu }jf b m u}u

gnk}rfu mloamlænefu8 trcgmucr mj af ]jnwmrunbfb bm Nc{f ~f} cr bm }jf munu ucorm af lmlcrnxfenõj bm afu bnunjfu ume,encjmu bm acu bnfrncu! njnenf u} efrrmrf eclc fumucr bma trnlmr

bmtfrflmjc bm mu}bncu bm lmrefbc bm }jf krfj mltrmuf!

Trcemr ' Kfloam*

Ma bmufrrcaac bm }jf wmrbfbmrf trcoamlænef bma ecju}lnbcr

mj ma tmrìcbc bm mjrmk}mrrfu muæ murme`flmjm a nkfbc f afnltafjfenõj bma gcrbnulc eclc lîcbc bm crkfjnxfenõj bmaf trcb}eenõj ~! læu kacofalmjm! eclc lcbc bm rmk}afenõj

ucenfa* Ma ecjmpc muæ mjcjemu bclnjfbc tcr ac v}m ma `nu,crnfbcr jmc~crv}njc U}fr M{mj `f bmgnjnbc eclc /af njm8

krfenõj bm afu l}an}bmu mj acu nbmfamu bma lmrefbc njb}urnfa

bm lfufu/* Acu hmgmu bm mltrmuf bmhfj mjcjemu bm trmce}

tfrum mpea}unwflmjm tcr acu trcoamlfu bm af trcb}eenõj tfrf

ce}tfrum bm acu v}m tafjmf ma ecju}lc bm onmjmu afjxfbcu falmrefbc* Af rfjugcrlfenõj bma/ eftnæj bm njb}urnf/ mj 66ef,

tnæj bm af ecjenmjenf/ c lfaafkmr um trcb}em ofhcu acu mgmecubm af ernunu b m } j lcbmac bm mltrmuf (~ bm ucenmbfb.* _mu}af,

of njbnutmjufoam v}m ma lærimnjk um `nenmrf efrkc bma ecju}

lnbcr! fjc tfrf bf r ufa nbf f af j}mwf trcb}eenõj bm lfufu

eclc tfrf ~}k}afr acu ecjganecu ucenfamu v}m af fecltföf

ofj*

7mctc6anefbm af e}aaarf

Mj acu föcu rmnjf um u}rjfj f mu f jmemunbfb bnefbf tc r ma

nltmrfnwc njb}urnfa af bmlfjbf trcembmjm bma Mufbc ~! a nrr}tenõj bm afu î e j n z f u bm ecl}jnefenõj mj af mugmrf tcan n,

ef*

Ma muv}mlf @ muìl}ac,rmut}muf/!

!Acu fjcu wmnjm ~ ma gcrbnulc rfhmrcj ma om`fwncrnulc* U}trctnc g}jbfbcr! Yc`j [fucj! trcgmucr mj af Hc`ju* @ct&3ju

]jìwerun~! g}m jclorfbc! mj 6>??! rmutcjufoam bm njwmunkf,enõj bm af krfj fkmjenf jcrmflmrnefjf bm t}oanenbfb! H* [fa,mr R`cltucj* Ucj acu trnlmrcu tfucu bm af tunecackìf bma

ecltcrflnmjc* Af mcr ìf bm acu muìl}acu,rmut}mufu e z j * u n ¬bmrf fa ecju}lnbcr eclc }j umr u}uemtnoam bm um r ecjbnenc,jfbc tcr ma ftrmjbnxfhm ~ mufoamem }jf unumlænef rmafenõjbm ef}uf f mgmec* Af rmafenõj ecju}lnbcr,lmjufhm g}jencjf

mj ma tafjc bm af rmfeenõj ~ af lmlcrnxfenõj* (Mjkmjbrfbf

tc r ma afocrfcrnc mufbc}jnbmjum! muf mcrìf mjbræ u} m v z n ¬wfaejm mj af ]jnõj Ucwnînef ecj af tunecackìf bm njutnrfenõj

tfwacwnfjf ~ u} mcr ìf bm af trctfkfjbf*. Af ecjur}eenõj *bmafu trnlmrfu rmbmu bm rfbncbng}unõj mj acu Mufbcu ]jnbcu l,emjnwfræ ma njmrîu tc r afu rmfeencjmu bm acu c~mjmu*

Afu mcrìfu ucorm acu /mgme cu/ bm acu lmbncu mwca}encjfræj

mjrm ecltmmjenf ~ ecjganecu b}rfjm afu bîefbfu bm acu e}f,rmjf ~ acu enje}mjf* Grmjm f af rfbnenõj emjrfbf mj ma mu,v}mlf muìl}ac,rmut}muf! rmtrmumjfbf tc r Afuu{maa ~ u}

ecjemtenõj lmefjnenuf bm a trcemuc bm ecl}jnefenõj! um fa,xfj! mj ma umjc lnulc bma efltc fefbîlnec mufbc}jnbmjum!

bmenunwflmjm lfrefbc tcr ma mltnrnulc! ucenõackcu eclc

Tf}a Afxfrugmab! lfmlænec bm crnkmj f}urnfec! mlnkrfbc facu Mufbcu ]jnbcu* Mu mj 6>22! mj mgmec! e}fjbc mum tncjm

rf bm acu mu}bncu ucorm f}bnmjenf bm af rfbnc t}oanef u} corf

R`m Tmetm+m E`cnem! muernf mj ecafocrfenõj ecj Omrjfrb O z r m a ¬ucj ~ @fxma Kf}bm* Mucu njwmunkfbcrmu njmjfrcj lmbnr z njga}mjenf bm acu lmbncu mjrm umnuenmjcu mamecrmu b m Mj m

Ec}j~! mj ma mufbc bm C`nc! b}rfjm af efltfjf trmunbmj

enfa bm 6>24* Um bmbnefrcj f coumrwfr ~ mwfa}fr acu mamlmjcu

njmrlmbncu v}m um unøfj mjrm ma t}jc nj nenfa ~ ma gnjfa bmatrcemuc bm ecl}jnefenõj ~ v}m nmjmj }jf njga}mjenf bnrmefucorm acu mgmecu comjnbcu tcr }jf ecl}jnefenõj* Muf corf

Fa+LFJBLFRRMAFTìR

©mctcanef bm 666 e}a}rf



u}uen fræ crfu l}e`fu! eclc af jc lmjcu gflcuf TmrucjfaNjh6}mjem! bm af v}m ucj f}crmu Tf}a Afxfrugmab ~ Man } Ifx!t}oanefbf mj 6>==! tmrc mafocrfbf uco rm af ofum bm mje}mufu

rmfanxfbfu bnmx föcu fjmu* Tfrnmjbc bm afu ecjea}uncjmu bmatrnlmr mu}bnc! flocu f}crmu focrbfj jc ~f ma ecltcrf

lnmjc mamecrfa ! u njc ma bm acu ecju}lnbcrmu mj ma lmrefbc

bm acu onmjmu bm ecju}lc! af lcbf ~ ma cenc! ~ læu ecjermflmjm! af mameenõj bm afu tmaìe}afu* Fa ucjbmfr acu trcemucu bmbmenunõj njbnwnb}famu bm }jf tcoafenõj gmlmjnjf bm ce`cenmjfu tmrucjfu rmunbmjmu mj }jf en}bfb bm umumjf lna `fonfj

mu! Bmef}r! mj Naanjcnu! bmue}ormj j}mwflmjm ,eclc mj ma

mu}bnc trmembmjm, af nltcrfjenf bma kr}tc trnlfrnc* Mucamu a amwf f tafjmfr ma g a} hc bm ecl}jnefenõj eclc }j trcemuc

mj bcu mftfu! mj ma v}m ma tftma bm acu /aìbmrmu bm ctnjnõj+armu}af mumjenfa* Rcbc ac e}fa bfrìf crnkmj f af mcrìf bma {cumtu gac{* Mj af trnlmrf mftf! um mje}mjrfj afu tmrucjfu rmafnwflmjm onmj njgcrlfbfu! cbf wmx v}m muæj bnrmeflmj

m mpt}mufu f acu lmbncu9 ~ mj af umk}jbf! fv}maafu e}~c

ecjfec ecj acu lmbncu mu lmjcr ~ v}m bmtmjbmj bm c rcutfrf comjmr njgcrlfenõj* Mu mj af trnlmrf efmkcrìf bcjbm

um rmea}fj mucu aìbmrmu bm ctnjnõj v}m rfjulnmj f acu*umk}jbcu af njgcrlfenõj f rfwîu bm efjfamu njertmrucjfamu* Marmtafjmflnmjc bm afu mcrìfu ~ afu bcernjfu ucorm af /ucenmbfb bm lfufu/ ~ ma mgmecbm }jngcrlnxfenõj v}m nmjm ucorm aftcoafenõj u}o~femj f mufu ecjea}uncjmu*

Rfa ecrrnmjm bm mu}bncu nmjm }j efræemr lfrefbflmjm ctm

rfnwc* _mutcjbm f af bmlfjbf bm njwmunkfenõj g}jencjfa v}m

mlfjf bnrmeflmjm bm af Fblnjnurfenõj c bm mltrmufu trnwfbfu bm ecl}jnefenõj* Afxfrugmab af bmgnjm! bm `me`c! eclc

}jf /njwmunkfenõj fblnjnurfnwf/ tfrf bngmrmjenfraf bm ac v}mbmjclnjf /njwmunkfenõj erìnef/* Muf! trmenuflmjm! um j nm

kf f wnje}afrum f afu jmemunbfbmu mptrmufbfu tc r af mltrmuf cma kconmrjc*

]jf um}bcnjbnwnb}fanbfb

E}fjbc! f lmbnfbcu bm acufjcu umumjf! ma umlnõackc nfanfjc]lomrc Mec n}af u} corf ucorm acu trcb}ecu bm af e}a}rfbm lfufu Ftcefannen m Njmkrfn ,Nìorc v}m hflæu `f u nbc rfb}

enbc fa grfjeîu,! efrfemrnxf femrfbflmjm af tcafrnxfenõj v}m

um `f trcb}enbc mj ma ₡fltc njmame}fa* Tcr }j afbc! af tcunenõj erìnef! af bm acu /ftcefaìtnecu/! v}m bmj}jenfj af bmkmjerfenõj lmrefjna bm af e}a}rf bm lfufu * Tcr crf! acu/njmkrfbcu/! v}m u}urnomj unj rmumrwfu afu wnr}bmu bmlc

erfnxfjmu bm muf e}a}rf trcb}enbf njb}urnfalmjm*

Mjrm acu trnlmrcu+gnk}rfj bcu bm acu trnjentfamu rmtrmumjfjmu bm af mue}maf bm Græjegcr8 R`mcbcr Fbcrjc ~ Lfp @cr

i`mnlmr9 gnaõucgcu famlfjmu mpnanfbcu mj Mufbcu ]jnbcu tfrf

mueftfr bma jfxnulc* Bm muf trnlmrf ecjgrcjfenõj mõrnef

mjrm af e}a}rf m}rctmf bm af Na}urfenõj~ af e}a}rf bm lfufu

trcb}enbf /tfrf lnaacjmu/ jfenõ! f gnjfamu bm acu föcu e}frmj

f! ma ecjemtc g}jbflmjfa bm /njb}urnf e}a}rfa/ v}m bm

u nkjf ! fuì! af nlorn efenõj bm af e}a}rf ~ bma lmrefbc! bm afe}a}rf ~ bm af aõknef mecjõlnef ~ îejnef* Flocu f}crmu muernoìfj8 /Acu muæjbfrmu bm trcb}eenõj `forìfj u}rknbc mj

}j eclnmjxc bm af jmemunbfb bm acu ecju}lnbcrmu8 uõac tc r

maac `forìfj unbc femtfbcu unj ctcunenõj* ^ mj rmfanbfb mu mj

mum eìre}ac bm lfjnt}afenõj ~ bm jmemunbfb bcjbm af }jnbfbbma unumlf um fgnfjxf efbf wmx læu* Tmrc jc um bnem v}m maflonmjm mj ma v}m af îejnef ecjv}nuf fjc tcbmr ucorm afucenmbfb mu ma tcbmr bm acu mecjõlneflmjm læu g}mrmu uc

orm af ucenmbfb lnulf*/ F h}nenc bm Fbcrjc ~ bm @cri`mnlmr!af njb}urnf e}a}rfa eclc a}kfr bm rmfanxfenõj bm af gfornefenõj mj umr nm! bm af mufjbfrnxfenõj ~ bm af bnwnunõj bma rfofhcfermbnf bm gcrlf mhmltafr af v}nmorf bm af e}a }rf! u} efìbf

mj af lmrefjeìf* Af rfjugcrlfenõj bma fec e}a}rfa mj wfacrbmur}~m u} tcbmr erìnec ~ u} efræemr bm mptmrnmjenf f}îjn

ef* Ma rmnjc bm af um}bcnjbnwnb}fanbfb um mpnmjbm ecj frrc

kfjenf tcr af e}a}rf bm lfufu * Ma njbnwnb}c mu trcb}enbc mj

umrnm! ecjea}ìfj! /eclc afu emrrfb}rfu bm umk}rnbfb bm af lfref^fam* v}m um bnunjk}mj mjrm uì tcr grfeencjmu bm lnaìlmrc/*

Bm af mufjbfrnxfenõj bma trcb}ec f af bm acu njbnwnb}cu v}m

ac ecju}lmj! mum frk}lmjc fj}af e}fav}nmr trcoamlænef

a nkfbf fa ecju}lc eclc træenef* Muf tcu}rf erìnef grmjm faf ecl}jnefenõj ~ af e}a}rf bm lfufu g}m fltanflmjm ecltfrnbf tcr ma ecjh}jc bm af eafum njmame}fa trmce}tfbf tc r

ma tcrwmjnr bm af e}a}rf* Muf tcu}rf jmkfnwf! bm `me`c! umræ

fu}lnbf tc r fak}jfu ecrrnmjmu v}m ftm afj f mtnumlcackìful}~ bnunjfu bm af mue}maf gnacuõgnef famlfjf*

=4Fr,*FaaFJBLFRRMAFl,

=6

Nnmctcaamf af e}a}rf



Ma bmunjffrnc eclc rmemtæe}ac

]jc bm acu lcwnlnmjcu bm tmjuflnmjc læu njga}~mjmu mj

af ec*jgcrlfenõj bm af nlfkmj tfunwf bma muf}c bma rmemtcr

a z uìbc ma mur}e}rfanulc v}m ! f rfwî u bm u}u bnunjfu wf,jfjmu! `f ce}tfbc }j a}kfr bmufefbc bmjrc bm afu enmjenfu

` } z f j f u ~ afu n j w m u z k f e n c j m u anmrfrnfu b}rfjm læu bm v}nj

e fjcu!* bmubm ma* e C z N a N m j x c bm afuföfu umumjf! ~ bma v}m Trfj,enf `f unbc ma trnjentfa gcec bm bng}unõj*

Ma lcbmac b *af*anjkñnunef m z r } e } r f a `f nltrmkjfbc g}mrm,

z z j m ma* f j * z z a u z U bm acu !lmbnCU* B}rfjm u} trnlmrf kmjmrf

E 6 z j ! af *alkluaef mu}bnfof afu grfumu ~ ma unumlf bm rmkafu ~m P a z m j E a f u v } !u}o~fem mj u} gcrlf! umtfræjbcafu bmaa}k+fr

bm u} t r c z } e e a c j +* F o c r z f o f af amjk}f ~ jc ma amjk}fhm `foaf,bc tcr U]hmcu tunecaõknef ~ ucencaõkneflmjm un}fbcu* Læu

fbmafjm! acu uelnõackcu um bmbnefrcj f acu /lmjufhmu/! um fnu,

afrcj mj ma mpc! ma ecrt}u! fourf~îjbcum bma u}hmc amecr crmemtcr ~ bma ecjmpc bm mlnunõj ~ bm rmemtenõj * F trctõun

c bm }j gflcuc m u z b n c z _cafjb Ofr`mu! }jc b m acu rmtrmumjfjmu bm af u m z a C a c k 8 f m z r } e } r f a ! n}afbc U~umlm bm aflcbm (6>7;.! }j erìnec aamkfrf f muernonr! bnmx föcu læu frbm8/]j z î a m o r m f j z a n u n u umlncaõknec bm aflcbf! ecjunbmrfbf ecrjc

}j unumlf fjfackc fa v}m cgrmem af amjk}f! `f unbc rmfanxfbcucorm af ofum bm efæackcu bm z c b f ! jc ucorm af ofum bm trmj

bfu v}m u}m amj a amwfrum ~ `}onmumj tcbnbc umr ecjunbmrfbfu

Eclc crcu fjcu fecu bma `foìf/!

Mum mjgcv}m mur}e}rfanuf! mj rmfanbfb! rmtrcb}eìf tcr u|H

e}mjf acu trmu}t}mucu bm af mlìf lfmlænef bm af ecl}

jnefenõj! gcrl}afbf mj 6>20 tcr Eaf}bm U`fjjcj! lfmlæn

ec m z f 3 c } j n b m j u m v}m rfofhfof tc r e}mjf bm af ecltföìf

r m a m g C n z N a z z Omaa* Rfa* mcrìf! v}m flonîj manlnjfof bm u} efltc

bm fjæanunu e}fav}nmr rmgmrmjenf ecjmp}fa ~ tcu}afof bm `m

e`c af j m z r f a n b f b bma tcac mlìucr ~ bma rmemtcr! clfof trmu, z b c u ! fonmrflmjm! enmrcu bmue}ornlnmjcu bm af oncackìf bma

u a z m z f j m z w n c u c * Fa m a f o c r f z a f ! U`fjjcj o}uefof af lf~cr

mgnefenf tcunoam mj afu ecl}jnefencjmu mamgõjnefu8 rfulnnr aflæpnlf njgcrlfenõj ecj ma lìjnlc bm }jnbfbmu* Af anjmfan,

bfb m j z m af g } z j m bm n j g c r z f b õ j ! ma mlnucr ~ ma bmunjffrncum ecjunbmrfof Nbmfa* Fa bmunjffrnc jc um am ecjunbmrfof læu

bm

v}m eclc rmemtæe}ac8 rmtrmumjfof af mrlnjfa bm mum lc

bmac mprmlfbflmjm gnjfanuf*

Ma njmrîu tcr ma fjæanunu bma]nue}ruc lmbnænec frfhc af fmj

enõj bm j}lmrcucu njmame}famu m njwmunkfbcrmu `fenf af jf

}rfamxf bma tcbmr ~ u}lcbcbm g}jencjflnmjc* Mj ma emjrc

bm afu mcr ìfu f v}m bfræ crnkmj trmwfamem af jcenõj bm bcln,jfenõj nbmcaõknef* Ma gnaõucgc Ac}nu Fa`}uumr fe}öõ mj 6>;4 maecjemtc bm /ftfrfc nbmcaõknec bm Mufbc/ tfrf mptrmufr afg}jenõj bma unumlf bm ecl}jnefenõj mj af rmtrcb}eenõj bm

acu wfacrmu! afu jcrlfu ~ afu nbmfu bm af eafum bclnjfjm* Mj aflnulf îtcef! crcu um ce}tfofj bm fjfanxfr ma unumlf bm mb}efenõj mj u} tftma bm rmtrcb}eenõj bm afu bmunk}fabfbmu bm

afu ucenmbfbmu bnwnbnbfu mj eafumu* Amu `îrnnmrm! corf bm TnmrrmOc}rbnm} ~ Ymfj,Eaf}bm Tfuumrcj! bmuernom bm gcrlf unkjngn,efnwf mum tafjmflnmjc erìnec rmutmec bm af njun}enõj mu,ecafr*

Acu njbnwnb}cu ucj fecrmu bmmrlnjfbcu tc r ma tmuc bm afumur}e}rfu ucenfamu* Mjrm ma rmecjcenlnmjc bm muf bmmrln

jfenõj ucenfa~ af amknnlfenõj bma bmmrlnjnulc jc `foìf læu

v}m }j tfuc* ^ g}m }jf b m afu rfxcjmu u}tamlmjfrnfu tc r afuv}m j}lmrcucu fjæanunu! fa ucefnrm bma fpnclf umkøj ma e}fa afe}a}rf bm lfufu mjìf }j mgmec lfunwc bm bclnjfenõj ~ fanm,jfenõj! u}omunlfrcj af mwmj}fa ecltamhnbfb bma lclmjc

bm af rmemtenõj*

Mj eflonc! muf ecltamhnbfb `foìf unbc fmjflmjm coumrwf,bf tcr ma ornæjnec _ne`frb @ckkfr f tfrnr bm acu föcu enj,

e}mjf* U} trnlmrf corf! t}oanefbf mj 6>=;! um n}afof

trmenuflmjm R`m ]umu cg Anmrfe~* Jc g}m mbnfbf mj Grfjenf`fuf 6>;4 ~ af rfb}eenõj bma ì}ac mu læu onmj tcec anmrfa8Af e}a}rm b} tf}crm8 af tfaforf eafwm /}ucu/ tfkfof ma trmencbm af tcef umjunonanbfb `fenf muf jcwmbcuf rmgampnõj ucorm afuløantamu gcrlfu bm ftrctnfenõj bm acu trcb}ecu bm af e}a },rf njb}urnfanxfbf tcr afu eafumu tct}afrmu njkamufu! F rfìx bm

u}u fjæanunu! ma ucenõackc ornæjnec aamkfræ f g}jbfr ma*Emjrcbm njwmunkfencjmu bm Onrlnjk`frj ucorm træenefu e}a}rfamu!bcjbm jfemræ af ecrrnmjm! ìtneflmjm fjkacufhcjf! bm acue}a}rfa mì}bnmm! e}~f trc~meenõj njmrjfencjfa wf mj f}lmj

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Af rm`fonanfenõj bma }u}frnc

Ma f}km bma tmjuflnmjc mur}e}rfanuf `f ecnjenbnbc ecj }j

tmrìcbc mecjõlneflmjm fgcr}jfbc* Efom trmk}jfrum un afumftfu bm ermenlnmjc ~ afu ecrrnmjmu bm nbmfu v}m afu fecrjtföfj gfwcrmemj af e}frmjmjf bma ecju}lnbcr* Efom trmk}j,frum un ecjrno}~mj f fanlmjfr af na}unõj bm v}m t}mbmtrmuenjbnrum bm îa ~ f t afjn gne fr u}u bmlfjbfu f eftrne`c bm

acu omjmgnencu bm af rmbnurno}enõj* F af a}x bm af ernunu v}m um

njnen f f gnjfamu bm acu fjcu ummjf! um unmjm af mjfenõj bmermmr v}m mu fuì ~ bm ecjwmrnr muf ftrmenfenõj mj jcrlf* Mj

mgmec! `}oc v}m mutmrfr f v}m aamkfrf mum lclmjc tfrf fununr f af amknnlfenõj bm af nbmf! f cbfu a}emu mamlmjfa! bm v}m

ma trcemuc bm ecl}jnefenõj um ecjur}~m krfenfu f af njmrîwmjenõj fenwf bm fecrmu ucenfamu l}~ bnwmrucu*

Ucj aõknefu f lmj}bc ecjrfbnecrnfu afu v}m mptanefj mumrmcrjc fa ecju}lnbcr ~! bm gcrlf læu kmjmrfa! fa }u}frnc*

Mj trnlmr a}kfr `f~ v}m lmjencjfr afu j}mwfu unjmrknfu njb}enbfu tcr afu murfmknfu njb}urnfamu tfrf ufanr bm af ernunu*

Mj acu krfjbmu tfìumu njb}urnfanxfbcu! afu j}mwfu mejcackìfubm af njgcrlfenõj ~ af ecl}jnefenõj um mrnkmj mj lmbncu tfrf

~}k}afr muf ernunu* Af trcb}eenõj ~ af nltafjfenõj bm afuj}mwfu rmbmu ~ acu j}mwcu frmgfecu bm ecl}jnefenõj ecjb},eìfj f af oøuv}mbf bm lcbcu læu murme`cu bm njmrfeenõj

mjrm ma }u}fr nc ! ma bnumöfbcr ~ ma bng}ucr* Muf unjmrknf rmu}afof mutmenfalmjm bmumfoam! læpnlm e}fjbc! umkøj cbfu afu

munlfencjmu! uõac acu }u}frncu mufofj mj ecjbnencjmu bm gnjfjenfr afu ecjunbmrfoamu njwmruncjmu mpnknbfu* F muf îtcef umrmlcjf ma f}km bm afu njwmunkfencjmu ucormgcrlfenõj bm acu}ucu ucenfamu mj lfmrnf bm /læv}njfu bm ecl}jnefr/! ~f umrfm bma rLnjnma/! bm afu bnwmrufu ftanefencjmu bm af mamlænef! bma lfkjmcuectnc c! unltamlmjm! bm af mamwnunõj*

Af rmnrfbf bma Mufbc omjmgfecr ~ ma tftma ecltmjufcrnc

v}m njmjf fu}lnr af ucenmbfb enwna ucj crcu fjcu gfecrmuv}m `fj gfwcrmenbc af rm`fonanfenõj bma }u}frnc* ]j lcwnlnmjc bm gcjbc v}m fmunk}f }j e}muncjflnmjc læu kacofa bm af amkn nlnbfb bm acu /lfercu}hmcu/* Ma gnaõucgc

hmfj,Trfjecnu A~cfrb ~f ac fj}jenfof mj Af ecjbnrncj tcurlc,

bmlm (6>;>.8 /Af jcwmbfb mu v}m Y***\ acu fjnk}cu tcacu bmfrfeenõj gcrlfbcu tc r acu Mufbcu,jfenõj! acu tfrnbcu! *Nfu

trcgmuncjmu! afu njun}encjmu ~ afu rfbnencjmu ` z u z r n e f u tNmrbmj u} frfenwc* ~ jc tfrmem v}m @mofj umr u}un}nbcu! e}fjbc lmjcu f af muefaf v}m amu ecrrmutcjbm Y*** \ Afu

+nbmjngnefencjmu+ ecj krfjbmu jclormu! ecj `îrcmu bm af `nu

crnf fe}fa rmu}afj læu bngìenamu*/

Ma `clorm unj frno}cu

Mj ma ælonc bm afu enmjenfu ucenfamu um mltmxõ f coumrwfr }jf

r}t}rf ecj acu tcu}afbcu bma mjgcv*}m m u z r } e z 8 f a * Ma bmumcbm fefofr ecj af coumunõj bm afu eìmjenfu tunecaõknefu rmutmec

f }j u}hmc fnuafbc bm e}fav}nmr mur}e}rf c bm e } f a v z n m r bnutcunnwc ucenfa um `foìf e c z w m r n b c tfrf ma mur}e}rfùlcSmjma bnufjenflnmjc bma u}h mc* Mj ma rfjue}ruc bm acu fjcu

ce`mjf um trcb}hc }j eflonc ecltamc* Acu u}hmcu tfrne}

afrmu wfj f gnk}rfr mj trnlmr tafjc* ^ krfenfu f maacu! ma mu}bnc bm af wnbf ecnbnfjf fbv}nrnræ u} t m r n j m j e n z /*Um g c r l z a f jj}mwcu njmrrckfjmu8 ³Eõlc! mjrm acu n z m r z z E 6 c u bma UNum

lf! um ecju n }~m ac `fo n}f a bm af e c l } l e f e a z j m z r z 4mjmecrrnmjm3 ³Eõlc jmkcenf ecnbnfjflmjm ma u}hmc l b r w z b } f au} rmafenõj ecj ma tcbmr ~ ecj af njun}enõj3 Ma fjrctcac"c

Kmcrkmu Ofafjbnmr bmgnjìf! ~f mj 6>05! muf j}mwf m j b m z E 6 z 8/Ac læu nltcrfjm Yv}nxæu\ bm af caf tcr af v z um*l}antanefj afu njwmunkfencjmu v}m wmrufj ucorm af ecnbnfjnbfb mu marmenmjm lcwnlnmjc bm afu nbmfu v}m `f `me`c rmftfrmemr fa

u}hmc grmjm f afu mur}e}rfu ~ acu u n u r z l f z ! af efanbfb grmjmf af efjnbfb! f af wnwmjenf grmjm f ac lun ]abc* Ma efltc bm

afu enmjenfu ucenfamu jc mu! jnl}e`c lmjcu! ma øjnec! tmrc uì ma

trnjentfa fgmefbc tcr muf g}mrm mjbmjenf*/

Afu njwmunkfencjmu ucorm f}bnmjenfu um njutnrfj efbf w*mxlæu

mj ma mjgcv}m mjckrægnec! `fuf ma t}j c bm z c j w m r ` r z m ! mjcbc ma l}jbc! mj }jf bm afu læu grme}mjmu `jmfu bm lwmu

ìkfenõj ucorm acu lmbncu* Fuì! }jf hcwmj n z w m u n k f b c r f bm af]jnwmrunbfb bm Flumrbfl! amj Fjk! aa mwc f efoc! z 6 > 0 z !}j mu}bnc n}afbc [fre njk Bfanfu! gr}c b m } j rfofhc rmf`xfbc f tfrnr bm afu rmut}mufu f }j e } m u n c z f r n c uclmnbc ffak}jfu bmemjfu bm mamutmefbcrfu bm af u z j m j c r z m f l m j e f ¬jf /Bfaafu/* Ma ornæjnec Bfwnb Lcram~! fjnk}c lnmlorc bm

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af mue}maf bm Onrlnjk`fl! mue}brnöfrìf! tcr u} tfrm! mj Gf,

lna~ Rmmcnunmj* E}a}rfa Tc{mr fjb Bclmune Amìu}rm (6>0;.! acu}ucu v}m bm af tmv}möf tfjfaaf `femj acu bnunjcu lnmlorcubma jøeamc gflnanfr fuì eclc af hmrfrv}ìf mj af mameenõj bm acutrckrflfu umkøj acu bnunjcu lclmjcu bma bìf* Acu bcu mu}bncu ucj mloamlænecu bm muf ecrrnmjm bm efræemr mjc,

krægnec ~ ecjun}~mj rmgmrmjenfu enfbfu f lmj}bc! ~ ecjrfxõj*

Af umrnm /Bfanfu/ g}m cohmc bm crc mu}bnc! mum bm efræemrecltfrfnwc! v}m flonîj}wc l}e`f rmucjfjenf* Mj ma rfjue}ruc bm acu fjcu ce`mjf! }j mv}ntc bnrnknbc tcr Man`} Ifx~ Rflf Anmomu! bm af }jnwmrunbfb bm Hmr}ufaîj ! a amwõ f efoc}jf umrnm bm mje}mufu tfrf fjfanxfr afu ame}rfu mutmeìgnefuv}m! bm muf trcb}eenõj mlnnbf f rfwîu bm cbfu afu tfjfaafubma l}jbc! `feìfj kr}tcu ecjermcu mj ma umjc bm bngmrmjmue}a}rfu8 tfamunjcu rmunbmjmu mj Nurfma! h}bìcu lfrrcv}ìmu ~mufbc}jnbmjumu bm Acu Fjkmamu * Um rff fv}ì! jc cou,fjm!

bm }j mu}bnc e}~f trcoamlænef mu lmjcu jcwmbcuf v}m afubcu fjmrncrmu* Tcrv}m Man`} Ifx! v}m ecafocrõ ecj Afxfrugmab mj af m afocrfenõj bm af mcrì f bm afu m ftfu! `foìf bfbc

crc tfuc fa mafocrfr afu ofumu b m }jf ecrrnmjm bm mu}bncu

bmjclnjfbf ]umu fjbKrfngnefncj* Grmjmf af trmk}jf/³E}æamu ucj acu mgmecu bm acu lmbncu mj af ucenmbfb! acu kr}tcu! afkmjm3/! Ifx! b}rfjm acu föcu ummjf! `foìf tafjmfbc crfefbmjf bm njmrrckfjmu8 /³V}î mu ac v}m af kmjm! acu kr}tcu!af ucenmbfb! `femj ecj acu lmbncu3/* Um bmutrmjbìf bm maac}jf jcenõj bm /ame}rf jmkcenfbf/! fv}maaf mj v}m ma unkjngnefbc jfem bm af njmrfeenõj bm acu tftmamu fu}lnbcu tcr Hcubnunjcu ntcu bm mutmefbcrmu ~ ma trckrflf* Muf aìjmf bm

njwmunkfenõj `foìf mjnbc fltanfu rmtmre}uncjmu mj Mufbcu]jnbcu! ~ flonîj mj Krfj Ormföf*

F}jv}m um l}antanefj acu mu}bncu ucorm af rmemtenõj! umrìf!jc coufjm! mlmrfrnc ~ mrrõjmc funlnafr }jcu f crcu tcr mau nltam lcnwc bm v}m cbcu um ce}tfj bm mu m lnulc mlf!v}m b}rfjm l}e`c nmltc tmrlfjmenõ fhmjc f afu trmce}tf,encjmu bm af njwmu nkfenõj* Enmrflmjm! mu nltcrfjm tmr,

lfjmemr fmjcu f mufu a me }rfu ~ f mucu }ucu bngmrmjenfbcu*Tmrc muf j}mwf bnrmeenõj u}rkm mj }j ecjmpc l}~ tfrne}afr* ^ ma t}jc bm tfrnbf bm mucu mu}bncu! u}u g}jbflmjcu

mtnumlcaõknecu! t}mbmj bnwmrknr ecjunbmrfoamlmjm*

Trnlmr mamlmjc bm }j j}mwc mutìrn} bma nmltc8 ma fofjbc,jc! tcr krfj tfrm bm af eafum njmame}fa! bm }jf fen}b e z r n ¬ef rmutmec f acu lmbncu ^! bm gcrlf læu kmjmrfa ! bm afu }ctfubm eflonc ucenfa* B}rfjm föcu! af +6n,unõj bm }j wìje}ac mjrmecl}jnefenõj bm lfufu ~ umrwnb}lorm ucenfa bmgnjnõ af tmremtenõj bm acu fjæanunu ~ afu bmj}jenfu bm af e}a}rf bm l f u z u !afu erìnefu v}m um `feìfj f af e}a}rf bma ecju}lc ~ f af* z c E 6 m ¬bfb bma mutmeæe}ac* Fa bmj}jenfr af frmf bm e c j u r } E z a C j bmlncackìfu f af v}m um mjrmkfof af e}a }rf bm acu lmbncu! _cafjb Ofr mu umjfof! mj acu föcu enje}mjf! afu ofumu bma tf,rfbnklf bm af lcbmrjnbfb eclc j}mwf gcrlf bm bclnjf*enõjucenfa! bm /bna}enõj/ bma ecjganec ucenfa* Ma f}cr bm Lacac,k#fu (6>=;. bmlcurfof! ornaafjmlmjm! eõlc ma lnc wfenfofacu gmjõlmjcu ucenfamu bm u} rmfanbfb ~ /foucawìf/ tc r fjc faunumlf8 ac t}rngnefof! trnwfof f mucu gmjõlmjcu bm u} umjn bc `nu õrnec ~ acu njmkrfof mj af /jf}rfamxf bm afu ecufu/*Lf~c bma 70ecjun}~õma ftckmc bm muf erìnef bm af ucenmbfbbm ecju}lc ~ bm af lcbmrjnbfb lmbnænef tmum f v}m uõac um

mjecjrfofj mj u}u eclnmjxcu*

Lmjcu bm wmnjm föcu læu frbm! af mjfenõj bm fofjbcjfr maecltrclnuc um `f `me`c umjnr mj afu gnafu bm af eafum njmame}fa* Ma ucenõackc Lne`ma Lfggmucan! bnrmecr bma Emj r c bm

Mu}bncu bm ac Fe}fa ~ ac Ec nbnfjc mj Af Ucrocjf! mptrmufecj trmenunõj muf j}mwf umjunonanbfb v}m njwnf f bnrnknr }jflnrfbf bm rmecjenanfenõj `fenf afu træenefu ecnbnfjfu bma

t}moac mamutmefbcr* Af mamjcwmaf ecjun}~m } rn}fa v}mu}uenf }jf j}mwf fmjenõj* /Mj wmx bm eaflfr UNmltrm ecj

rf af fanmjfenõj! v}nxæu `forìf v}m wmr eõlc! bm l f j m r z * } j n ¬gcrlm! f rfwîu bm }jCUrmemtcrmu bm mamwnunõj! f af `crf g n H f b z !um ermf }jf ecl}jnbfb Y***\ J}mwc bncu afr! af mamwnunõj tmrln,m }j e}a c gflna nfr ~! f af wmx! }jf h}jf }jnwmrufa* Um rff!tcr,u}t}muc! bm }j fjæanunu }j fjc mamlmjfa Ycc*\ Tmrc! bmut}î u bm cbc! muc tmrlnm `femr rmufafr! læu faaæ bm a aflmjfenõj njmame}fa v}m um mue}e`f ecj bmlfunfbf

grme}mjenf! v}m ma t}moac nmjm umjnbc bma trmumjm* Ftrcwme`fr ma trmumjm! wmr ma afbc o}mjc bm afu ecufu! mu ac v}m e z f a ¬v}nmr fjf an uf v}m jc muî l}~ b m u e z j m e * f b c bm a Wnbfecrrnmjm t}mbm coumrwfr mj cbfu afu u N ] z E 6 c j m u ~ E 6 r e } j z ¬fjenfu v}m hfacjfj af wnbf bm j}murfu UCEnmbfbmu* M u & z lnrfbf v}m ftmaf fa tculcbmrjnulc `f `me`c v}m af fmjenõj um

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rfuafbfrf bmubm acu mgmecu bm a tcbmr `fbf af ankmrf bmutrmce}tfenõj ecj v}m ma t}moac,tøoanec um bmutafxfrìf mj ma mutfbc bm af trckrflfenõj bm acu lmbncu*

Umk}jbc gfecr bma ecjmpc v}m bmmrlnjf af ecjufkrfenõjbm af rmemtenõj8 ma ecju}lc ~ ma njbnwnb}c ecju}lnbcr ce}

tfj }j a}kfr bmufefbc mj af amknnlfenõj bm af ecjemtenõjjmcanomrfa bm af ucenmbfb* Tcrv}m jc um rf f bm e}fav}nmr ecju}lnbcr! unjc bm }j ecju}lnbcr ucomrfjc rmutmec bm u}u

bmenuncjmu mj }j lmrefbc anorm* Mj u} eclofm ecjrf cbfuafu gcrlfu bm ecjrca,njea}nbfu af u}~fu trctnfu! af bm af anormmltrmuf,! ~f mlfjmj bma Mufbc c bm af ucenmbfb enwna crkfjnxfbf! ma jmcanomrfanulc rmu}af umr flonîj }j jmctct}anurjc*

Tcr muf rfxõj! mptmrnlmjf ecjnj}flmjm af jmemunbfb bmftmafr f af rmtrmumjfnwnbfb bm acu ecju}lnbcrmu lmflcrgcumfbcu mj e}cfu bm lmrefbc* @foaf mj u} jclorm* Ma bnue}ruc ecjur}nbc ucorm af ofum bma ecju}lnbcr! c lmhcr! bm mumecju}lnbcr anorm bm ffb}rfu ~ bmmrlnjfencjmu v}m jc umfju} trctnf wca}jfb! um ecjun}~m mj }j frk}lmjc fj f}crnxfbc v}m f lmj}bc um ecjwnmr m mj ma øjnec bnue}ruc! lnmjrfu v}m ma ecju}lc bmom mjecjrfr mj uìlnulc u} mptanefenõj~ u} rfxõj bm umr*

Enmrcu mu}bncu ecltfrfnwcu ucorm afu njmrtrmfencjmu bngmrmjenfbfu v}m rmfanxfj acu ecju}lnbcrmu bmubm u} trctnf e}a}rf f~}bfj f manlnjfr ma fu}jc bma tcbmr bm af ecl}jnefenõjv}m fjc `foìf coumuncjfbc f afu kmjmrfencjmu trmembmjmu*Aamkfj mj ucrbnjf f af unk}nmjm ecjea}unõj8 fa jc umr cfa!ecjrfrnflmjm f 64 v}m t}bc ermmrum! ma tcbmr bm acu mlnuc

rmu! af nbmf bm }j mlnucr læu tcbmrcuc v}m crc tnmrbm krfjtfrm bm u} tmrnjmjenf* ³Bm v}î unrwm! mj mgmec! njununr mj mabmunk}fa njmreflonc bm acu trckrflfu bm ma mw nu nõj c bm afutmaìe}afu mj ma lmrefbc f}bncwnu}fa njmrjfencjfa! un ma tcbmrbm a umjnbc muæ mj lfjcu bma ecju}lnbcr3 Tcr unltanuf v}mtfrmxef! mum frk}lmjc ecjrno}~m nltaìenflmjm f njwfanbf r af e}munõj bm afu bmmrlnjfencjmu ucenfamu ~ mecjõlnefu!f muefaf fjc bma ecju}lc njbnwnb}fa eclc bm af trcb}eenõj~ bma ecju}lc jfencjfa bm trckrflfu ~ tmaìe}afu* Um ecltrmjbm fuì lmhcr 64v}m muæ mj h}mkc mj mum rmcrjc fa ecju}lnbcr! mj }j lclmjc mj v}m af `mkmlcjìf jcrmflmrnefjf

mu ma oafjec bm afu bnue}uncjmu ucorm anormeflonc ~ anorm enre}afenõj bm ga}hcu mj lfmrnf f}bncwnu}fa! v}m nmjmj a}kfr mj maumjc bm acu crkfjnulcu njmrjfencjfamu*

Ma tafjmflnmjc bma fjrctõackc! `nucrnHncr ~ tunecfjfanufLne`ma bm Emrmf}! v}nmj! mj Fru bmgfnrm* ajwmjncj b} V}cn,

bnmj (6>04.! coumrwfof acu lcwnlnmjcu ~ afu fu}enfu bm fv}maacu f acu v}m aaflfof trfenefjmu bm Hcu lmbncu! ecjrfufecj acu j}lmrcucu mu}bncu! bmbnefbcu fa ecju}lc ~ f acu }ucubm acu lmbncu! v}m tfufj tcr fac afu bmmjjnjfencjmu ucenfamu* Ræenefu bma bîona rmutmec f afu murfmknfu mptfjuncjnufubm a Mufbc ~ bma lmrefbc! æenefu bm bnunbmjenf v}m famrfj maumjnbc bm af rmk af! /lfjmrfu bm `femr/ trctnfu bma }u}frncv}m um ftfrf bm afu trmuerntencjmu bma trckrflfbcr* Ma g}jbflmjc bm af njwmjenõj bm ac ecnbnfjc mu v}m mpnum }j crbmj ucuaf~foam! f}jv}m nk}falmjm bmmrlnjfjm! bm muf

ecnbnfjnbfb* /Mjnklf bma ecju}lnbcr,mugnjkm/! muernom Lne`ma bm Emrmf}* /U}u gfornefencjmu um bnumlnjfj tcr ma foam

rc bm af trcb}eenõj mamwnufbf! }rofjìunef ~ eclmrenfa** * Mjrmfanbfb! grmjm f }jf trcb}eenõj rfencjfanxfbf! mptfjuncjnuf! emjrfanxfbf! mutmefe}afr ~ r}nbcuf! um faxf }j ntc bm trcb}eenõj l}~ bnunjf! efangnefbf bm ecju}lc ~ efrfemrnxfbftcr u}u frnlföfu! mj cefuncjmu u} bmulcrcjflnmjc! u}u g}rnwnulcu! u} eafjbmunjnbfb*/

Af f~acrnxfenõj bm a ecju}lc

Îuf mu }jf îtcef bm tfrfbchfu* Lnmjrfu v}m af e}munõj bmau}hmc w}mawm f af efrkf mj lmbnc bm }jf rmgampnõj ucorm afen}bfbfjìf ~ af uce nmbfb ~ lnmjrfu v}m ma jmcanomrfanulc rmnwnjbnef fa njbnwnb}c ucomrfjc! acu lcbcu bm kmunõj bm af ucenmbfb trmu}tcjmj }j njbnwnb}c v}m tnmrbm efbf wmx læu u}/g}mrc njmrncr njwncafoam/! Um rff! bm `me`c! bm }jf mptrmunõj }nanxfbf tcr Ef`mrnjm Tfrfbmnum ~ _clfnj Af}gmr mj u}corf ucorm ma f}km bm af /ucenmbfb bma lærimnjk/! n}afbf Amtrnjem o}rmf}erfm*

Af nbmf v}m ma bnutcunnwc lmbnænec nmjm bm acu tøoanecu aamwfefbf wmx læu af lfref bma tmjuflnmjc îejnec* Afu ntcackìfubm acu cohmnwcu! efbf wmx læu tmrgmeencjfbfu krfenfu f afu mejcackìfu njgcrlænefu bm trcb}eenõj ~ falfemjflnmjc bm

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bfcu! bml}murfj ma fgnjflnmjc bm acu njmrmumu bm ecjcb

lnmjc lcwnanxfbcu mj crjc fa ecju}lnbcr* Af umklmjfenõj

bm acu tøoanecu tcjm bm lfjngnmuc acu j}mwcu nltmrfnwcu bmkmunõj v}m ccrkfj efbf wmx læu nltcrfjenf f af njgcrlfenõj mutmeìgnef ucorm kr}tcu cohmnwcu* Af ofmrìf bm `ntõmunuftanefbfu mj acu muu! ucjbmcu ~ muemjfrncu v}m ecjb}emj fa

mufoamenlnmjc bm tmrgnamu! mftfu ~ foafu (îrlnjcu cbcu maacuv}m njbnefj af ermenmjm nltcrfjenf bm af lmbnenõj! bm afjCjRN5 ~ bm af trckrflfenõj! bm 64ecjrcafoam ~ bm 64trmwnunoam. um trctcjm rmutcjbmr fjc f afu murfmknfu bm kacofanxfe nõ j e clc f afu mu rfmknfu bm tmrucjf anxfenõj mj u}

ftrcpnlfenõj fa ecju}lnbcr (munacu bm wnbf! ecrrnmjmu ucence}a}rfamu.* Murfmknfu bcoamu v}m! mj u} unloncunu! ecl

tfrmj af wfjk}frbnf t}oanenfrnf ~ af njb}urnf lmbnînef* Acuefloncu njrcb}enbcu mj ma tfnufhm f}bncwnu}fa ~ mj ma ecltcrflnmjc bm acu mamutmefbcrmu`fj trmentnfbcaf bmlfjbf

~ af cgmrf bm mu}bncu bm f}bnmjenf! fjc tc r tfrm bm acufj}jenfjmu eclc bm acu trcb}ecrmu bm trckrflfu* Ma gnj bm

af mrf bma rfencjflnmjc bm acu mutfencu t}oanenfrncu `f ecjlcencjfbc af gcrlf bm ecjemonr acu tøoanecu ~ acu njur}lmj

c u v} m acu lnbmj* Afu emj r fa mu b m ecltrf bm mutfencu

t}oanenfrncu! ac lnulc v}m afu fkmjenfu! nmjmj v}m trctcr

encjfr f acu fj}jenfjmu njgcrlfencjmu efbf wmx læu trmenufubm gcrlf v}m t}mbfj crnmjfr lmhcr u}u njwmruncjmu mamwnu}mamu* Bmjrc bma ecjmpc faflmjm mutme}af nwc bm af mptacunõj bm af cgmrf! mucu bfcu ucorm afu f}bnmjenfu nmjmj v}mh}ungnefr ma fenmrc bm fac e}fa njwmrunõj* Acu coumrwfcrncubm acu g a}hcu bm f}bnmjenf ! bm trckrflfu ~ bm trcb}ecu `fj

mjrfbc mj }jf j}mwf gfum bm rme}mjc* Jfbf læu tcjmrum ft}jc af lmbnenõj bm f}bnmjenf njbnwnb}fa lmbnfjm ma lfj

bc f bnufjenf (tm}tamlmmr. c lmbnenõj /fenwf/ (mpnkm! mj mgmec! af tfrnentfenõj bma mamutmefbcr v}m nmjm v}m t}aufr maocõj.! acu mutmenfanufu mj f}bnlmrnf um t}unmrcj mj o}uef

bm }j f lmbnenõj /tfunwf/! lmbnenõj v}m mpnkm }j bnutcunnwc

v}m tmrlnm bmmefr! unj njmrwmjenõj bm a mamutmefbcr! afutrmumjenfu fjm af tfjf aaf* Lnmjrfu! um njuf af }jf unjmrknfnjwmunkfenõj,trcb}eenõj,bng}unõj gfenanfbf tc r acu fjæanununjufjæjmcu femref bm afu rmfeencjmu bm } j tøoanec u}uemtnoam bm umr njmrrckfbc mj e}fav}nmr lclmjc ! v}m tr}mof

tfrrnaafu ~ trc~mecu bm mlnunõj ~ lnbm ma bmukfum bm }j trc

krflf* Afu îejnefu bm ecl}jnefenõj njmrfenwf ,v}m tmrln,

mj v}m ma }u}frnc t}mbf bnfackfr ecj af tfjfaaf, flonîj

tfrnentfj mj af oøuv}mbf bma gmmbofei! mj muf oøuv}mbf bma

ga}hc ecjnj}c mjrm ecju}lnbcr bm trckrflfu ~ trcb}ec

rmu*

Lnmjrfu gcrbnulc ~ f~acrnulc um `f j efrfemrnxfbc tc r af

rfencjfanxfenõj bma trcemuc trcb}enwc! ftc~æjbcum mj ma ecjcenlnmjc bm af lmeæjnef bm acu kmucu bma cormrc! bm af fr n

e}afenõj enjînef bm af trcb}eenõj! af rfencjfanbfb enomrjînefecjmltcræjmf lcwnanxf ma ecjcenlnmjc mj g}jenõj bm acunltmrfnwcu bm kmunõj! jc uõac bm af trcb}eenõj! unjc bma ecju}lc* Rmrrf njeckjnf! ma ecju}lnbcr! mj mgmec! um ecjwnmrm

mj cohmc ~ u}hmc bm njwmunkfencjmu* Af feenõj,ecjcenlnmjcv}m um mhmrem mj rmafenõj ecj îa njmjf fjc bmuecltcjmr

u}u lcwnlnmjcu bm ecju}lnbcr eclc ucjbmfr u}u jmemunbfbm u ~ u}u bmumcu* Ma ecjcenlnmjc bm mucu lcwnlnmjcu ~mucu

bmumcu njgcrlfræ ~ fanlmjfræ af njgcrlfenõj bm enre}afrnbfbtrckrflfenõj,trcb}eenõj,ecju}lc! enre}afrnbfb unmltrm

njmufoam tmrc njeanjfbf `fenf af njmkrfenõj g}jencjfa ~ fgmenwf bma ecju}lnbcr* Ac v}m f~mr cbfwìf tfrmeìf bmutmrfr af

ucutme`f bmlcerænef! tcr u} bmtmjbmjenf bm afu `mrrflnmj

fu bm faf wnknafjenf bma en}bfbfjc! mjrf nltmremtnoamlmj

m f gcrlfr tfrm bm acu `æoncu eclmrenfamu* Ma f}km bm af nbmfbm v}m ma lmrefbc tfrnentf bm af jf}rfamxf bm afu ecufu f}lmjf acu aìlnmu bm ac njcamrfoam*

F tmufr bm af mpmjunõj bm mum bnutcunnwc bm lmbnenõj ~ trm

wnunõj v}m `f mjkmjbrfbc u}u trctncu jmcacknulcu bm bngìenarfb}eenõj ~ v}m mwcefj af rfbnckrfgìf! af efrckrfgìf ~ afu îejnefu bm eftfenõj (uefjjìjk! lfttnjk* umjucr! t}oan,rfei.! ma

ecju}lnbcr ~ ma }u}frnc unk}mj unmjbc! lf~crnfrnflmjm!}jcu mjnklfu* Tfrfamaflmjm f mum ecjrca! tc r lmbnfenõj bm

gne`mrcu! ofjecu ~ ofumu bm bfcu! e}~fu wfrnfoamu um mjrmer}xfj efbf wmx læu! tmrlfjmem af njemrnb}lorm* ~ îuf! f u}

wmx rmeaflf crfu `mrrflnmjfu bm fjæanunu* Wmflcu af ecjgm,c *

unõj bm Mrne Gc}v}nmr9 njwmunkfbcr mj }jf fkmjenf bm ecl}

jnefenõj t}oa nen fr nf tfrnu nmjum! f bm t c! f j föc! b m a umlncackìf mur}e}rfa8 a#F bngmrmjenf bm acu u n u r z l f u b m m r z ¬jnufu (acu u}hmcu ucj +rmemtcrmu+ tfunwcu.! acu unumlfu rmafnwnufu (ma lmjufhm jc um nltcjm tcr uì ucac! tcrv}m ma amecr!mjgrmjm! am nltcjm unlîrneflmjm fa lmjufhm u} trctnf e}a,

04

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}rf ~ ac j}rm ecj u} trctnf mptmrnmjenf. muæj efun f}umjmubm j}murc efltc trcgmuncjfa! ~ ftmjfu un `fj gfenanfbc fak}jf `mrrflnmjf v}m jcu umf bm }n anbfb Y***a* @foafr eclc ac`femlcu! mumjbfalmjm ecj lmægcrfu lnanfr,bmmrlnjnufuY***\ mu! mj trnlmr a}kfr! }j f anlnfenõj aîpnef* Tmrc flonîj mu}jf anlnfenõj bm j}murf eftfenbfb tfrf tmjufr mj }jc bm acu

ecltcjmjmu mumjenfamu bm af ecl}jnefenõj! njuernc mj maecrfxõj lnulc bma îrlnjc ecl}jnefenõj! mu bmenr! mj u} ecltcjmjm bm njmreflonc! v}m unmltrm muæ trmumjm! njea}ucun! tc r tfrm bma rmemtcr! af rmut}muf! af lf~crìf bm afu wmemu!mu unamjencuf* Tfrf lmhcrfr j}murc mjgcv}m bm acu gmjõlmjcuecl}jnefnwcu! jcucrcu flonîj jmemunfrìflcu fornr j}murc aîpnec f crcu îrlnjcu* @m trct}muc ,tcr lmbnfenõj bmafu mcrìfu rmafnwnufu,acu îrlnjcu bm h}mkc! trcemuc! Y}jencjflnmjc! njmrfeenõj! rfofhc! ecjur}eenõj! `fac! njemrnb}lorm! gnk}rf! enre}afenõj* Tmrc jc mu læu v} m af t}jf bm j}mu rctrctnc nemomrk* Rcbf u} ofum v}mbf cbfwìf tcr mptacrfr*/

Onoanckrfgìf

Fbcrjc! R* ^@cri`mnlmr9 L*! Af bnfamenv}m bm af lnufj! Tfrìu!Kfaanlfrb! 6>;2 (rfb* efu*8 Bnfaîenef bma na}lnjnulc! O}mjcuFnrmu! Mbncrnfa U}bflmrnefjf! 6>00\*

Fa`}uumr! A*! /Nbîcacknm m fttfrmnau nbîcacknv}mu b+Îf/! mjAf tmjuîm! jøl* 6=6! Tfrìu! 6>;4*

Fjk! A! [fe`njk Bfaafu* Ucft Ctmrf fjb `m Lmacbrflfne alf,kìjfìcj! Acjbrmu,J}mwf ^cri! Lm`}mj! 6>0=*

Ofafjbnmr9 K*! /Muufn b+nbmjngnefncj b} v}cnbnmj/! mj Ef`nmruìjmrjfncjf}p bm ucencackne! wca* APPNW! 6>05*

Ofr`mu! _*! L~`cacknmu! Tfrìu! Um}na! 6>=; Yrfb* efu*8 Lncackìfu!Lîpnec! Unkac PPN! 6>>6\*

Oc}rbnm}! T* ^Tfuumrcj! H*,e*! Amu `îrnnmru! Tfrìu! Lnj}n! 6>72*

Emrmf}!L* bm! Fru bmgfnrm* Anjjmjìnej b} c}cìbnmj!64#60! ]KM!Tfrìu! 6>04*

Mec! W*! Ftcefaannen m njmkrfn! Lnaæj! Ocltnfjc! 6>72 yrfb*efu*8 Ftcefaìtnecu m njmkrfbcu! N/ mb*! Ofremacjf! A}lmj! 6>70.*

M{mj! U*! Ecjuenmjemu uc}u ìjnì}mjem! Tfrìu! F}onmr! 6>05 Yrfb*bma fjkacflmrnefjc tc r K* Afkjmf}\*

QGc}v}nmr! M*! /Amu fwmj}rmu b} rîemtm}r* Tmnm `îcrnm bmN+mptîrnmjem bm rîemtncj/! mj Rîaîwnuncj m t}oanenî* _îgampncjuu}r af ecll}jnefncj! Ef`nmru bm a+N_Mt! Tfrìu! 6>0;*

@ckkfr! _*! Af e}a}rm b} tf}wrm! Tfrìu! Îbnncju bm Lnj}n!6>;4*

Ifx! M* ^ Afxfrugmab! T* M! Tmrucjfa ajga}mjem! Kamjecm! GrmmTrmuu! 6>== Yrfb* efu*8 Af njga}mjenf tmrucjfa! Ofremacjf! Mb*@nutfjc M}rctmf! 6>;>\*

Ifx! M* ~ Anmomu! R*! /L}}fa Fnb nj `m bmecbnjk cg Bfanfu/

mjT*

Br}rjlcjb ~ _* Tfmrucj (bnr*.! Rmamwnuncj nj Rrfjunncj!Acjbrmu! O@! 6>0=*

Af}gmr! _* ^ Tfrfbmnum! e*! Am trnjem o}rmf}erfm! Tfrìu! Gafllfrnõj! 6>0?*

Afxfrugmab! T* G* m fa*! R`m Tmetam+u E`cnem! J}mwf ^cri! B}maa!Uacfj ' Tmfrem! 6>22*

Am Ocj! K*! Tu~e`cacknm bmu gc}amu! Tfrìu! Famfj! 60>= Yrfb* efu*8Tunecackìf bm afu lfufu! Lfbrnb! Mb* Lcrff! 6>07\*

A~cfrb! H*,G*! Afecjbnnmj tculcbmrjm!Î z n r n c j u

bm Lnj}n! 6>;>Yrfb* efu*8 Af ecjbnenõj tculcbmrjf8 lgcrlm ucorm ma ufomr!

Lfbrnb! Eæmbrf! 6>>0\*

Lfggmucan! L*! Bce}lmj bm trîumjfncj bm af rîrcutmenwm bmuîaîwnuncju orîunanmjjmu! Tfrìu! Emjrm Kmcrkmu,Tcltnbc}! 6>0=*

Lfmafr! F*! Tmjufr ucorm acu lmbncu! mj ecafocrfenõj ecj Lne`mam Lfmafr! Lfbrnb! T}jbmuec! 6>0; yUfjnfkc bm E`nam!Mbnencjmu ACNB! ?444|9 Ma efrjfwfa bm afu nlækmjmu! mj ecafocrfenõj ecj L* L*! Lfbrnb! Fifa! 6>009 Af ecl}jìefeìîj,l}jbc*

FN+*LFJBLFRRMAFTìR



@nucrnf bm afu nbmfu ~ bm afu murfmknfu! Lfbrnb! G}jbmuec* 6>>5YLîpnec! Unkac PPN! 6>>;\9 @nucrnf bm afu mcrìfu bm af ecl}jnefenõ/! mj ecafocrfenõj ecj L* L/ Ofremacjf! Tfnbõu! 6>>;*

Lcram~! B*! Gflna~ Reamcnuncj! Acjbrmu! Eclmbnf! 6>0;*

Lcram~! B*! Rmamwnuncj! F}bnmjemu fjb E}a}rfa U}bnmu! Acjbrmu!_c}ambke! 6>>?*

Jcrf! U* ~ Lnjm! F! A+ajgcrlfnufncaa bm af ucenîî! Tfrìu! Bce},lmjfncj grfjefnum! 6>;0 Yrfb* efu*8 Af njgcrlfnxfenõj bm afucenmbfb! Lîpnec! Gcjbc bm E}a}rf Mecjõlnef! 6>0?\*

Rfrbm! K*! N9ctnjncj ma afgc}am! Tfrìu! Famfj! 6>46 Yrfb* efu*8 Ajctnjnõj ~ af l}an}b! Lfbrnb! +Nf}r}u! 6>07H*

Unllma! K*!R`m [mo cg Krc}t,Fggnanfncju! J}mwf ^cri! GrmmTrmuu! 6>72*

[njinj! ^*! Af Jc}wmaam Eell}jnefncj! Tfrìu! Um}na! 6>06 Yrfb*efu*8 Af j}mwf ecl}jnefenõj! Ofremacjf! Ifnrõu! 6>02H*

EFTÌR]AC 2

Af /mpemtenõj e}a}rfa/

/Ma e njm mu }j frm! tmrc flonîj mu }jf njb}urnf/! um ecl,tafeìf mj rmtmnr ma jcwmanuf Fjbrî L f a r f } z mj acu fö3u u m z m j ¬rfc ]jf tmv}möf grfum ecj af v}m ecjea}ìf u} Muv}nuum b }jm

tu~e`cacu!/+¦e b} enjîlf! t}oanefbf mj 6>5>* Trcj}jenfbf }jcu

ummjf föcu bmut}îu bm af njwmjenõj bm acu `mrlfjcu F}k}u,m ~ Ac}nu A}lnmrm tc r v}nmj um `foìf ecjwmrnbc mjcjemu z lnjnurc bm E}a}rf bma kmjmrfa bm Kf}aam! muf læpnlf*bmonõ

bm tfrmemramu ofufjm rnwnfa f acu flcu bm acu mu}bncu bm

@caa~{ccb v}m! ~f bmubm 6>64! `foìfj `me`c bm af trcb}e,

enõj bm tmaìe}afu }jf njb}urnf* Mj af Grfjenf bm acu föcu u z umjf! muf ormwm gõrl}af femref bma uîtnlc frm ucrtrmjbìf

tcr u} frmwnlnmjc* Ecjrfufof ecj af rmtrmumjfenõj fa }ucv}m am ecjembìf lf~cr n l t c r f z e n f f af g nk}8f øjnef bma e r z z ¬bcr ~ u} corf ~ um lcurfof rmfenf f afu j}tenfu mjrm af mumn,ef ~ af aõknef njb}ur nf a* Af tmrnjmjenf bm af gõrl}af tfrf a z eìre}acu e}a}rfamu grfjemumu ~ u} efræemr bm wmrbfbmrc muj,

ofof mj ma `me`c bm v}m mrf u}gnenmjmlmjm trmenuf t f r z !86

mgmec v}m o}uefof ~ u}gnenmjmlmjm flonk}f tfrf jc ba!Wa,

bnr mj bcu ofjbcu mjgrmjfbcu f v}nmjmu um trmk}jfofj bcj,

bm mltnmxf ma f rm ~ bõjbm mrlnjf af njb}urnf*

Fa un}fr u} tcaìnef e}a}rfa ofhc ma unkjc bm af rmecjenanfenõjbm acu bcu îrlnjcu bm af fjnjclnf8 /kecjclìf ~ E z a z r f !}j lnulc eclofm&/! crc lnjnurc bm E}a}rf! ma u c c f a z 1 9 fNfei Afjk! umk}nrìf fuclorfjbc f læu bm }jc b}rfjm acu fjcu

ce`mjf*

F}jv}m ma fgcrnulc bm Lfarf}p ecjumrwf cbfwìf `c~ t f z mbm u} trcwcefbcr frclf! jc mu tcr e}atf bm u z u m * k z j b c z r ¬lnjc nunjc bma trnlmrc& Ma trmbclnjnc bma tjjEatC z l,b}urnfanxfenõj mj ma ecjh}jc bm af trcb}eenõj njb}urnfa! aclnulc v} m af ìjnlf rmafenõj v}m ac }jm ecj ma trcemuc bm

02

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njmrjfencjfanxfbæj bm lmrefbcu ~ lmrefjeìfu! um ecjunbmrfbmubm mjcjemu tfrm njmkrfjm bm af j}mwf ft}muf bma tcrwmjnr bm af e}a}rf ~ bm afu e}a }rfu* Mj eflonc! ac v}m nmjbm

f tmrbmrum mj mu f ecjwmrunõj f afu am~mu bma lmrefbc! mu afnbmf bm v}m ma e njm flonîj mu crf ecuf! bnunjf bm }j trc

b}ec* Aõknef mecjõlnef! bm fe}mrbc! tmrc jc f e}fav}nmr

trmenc8 mum fu}jc g}m ma v}m ! mj ma rfjue}ruc bma föc 6>>5!mjgrmjõ f acu rmtrmumjfjmu bm acu Mufbcu lnmlorcu bm afEcl}jnbfb m}rctmf ecj acu bm Mufbcu ]jnbcu mj ma lfrec

bm afu øanlfu jmkcenfencjmu mjrm ucencu bma EFRN

Afrwfbf `fuf mjcjemu! af ecjrcwmrunf ucorm af bmg njne nõj ~ma t}muc bm af ermfenõj e}a}rfa mj ma j}mwc crbmj eclmrenfabm a l}jbc `f mufa afbc f af a}x bma bìf ecj lcnwc bm acu bmofmu mj crjc f af mpmjunõj bm af aõknef anormeflonuf bma ume

cr f}bncwnu}fa* Efbf îtcef fbftf af gõrl}af f u} lmbnbf! ~îuf ~f `f u}uen fbc af u}~f8 /Afu ermfe ncjmu bm af lmjm jc

t}mbmj funlnafrum f unltamu lmrefjeìfu/* Tfaforfu trcj}j

enfbfu tc r ma trmunbmjm Trfjecnu Lnmrrfjb mj ce}orm bm6>>5! fa }jìucjc ecj af tcunenõj fbctfbf tc r ma kconmrjc bmaf famrjfjenf! ~! læu ecjermflmjm! ecj af bma lnjnurc bm

E}a}rf Yfev}mu Rc}ocj* ]jf tcunenõj ecløj v}m mpnkm tfrf

mum umecr bm njmrefloncu njmrjfencjfamu }j rfflnmjc

m u t z e n f * a 8 }jf eaæ}u}af bm /mpemtenõj e}a}rf&/! v}m mpea}~m acf}bncwnu}fa bm afu lmbnbfu Nnomrfanxfbcrfu bm a eclmrenc*

Ma6= bm bnenmlorm bm 6>>5! fa îrlnjc bm fknfbfu ecjrcwmrunfu ~ ecjwmrufencjmu! afu tfrmu njmrwnjnmjmu bmenbìfj mpea}nr afu /ermfencjmu bm af lmjm/ bm afu rmkafu ftanefoamu9 afurmufjmu lmrefjeìfu* +

B m z n b c f af z g m r w m u e m j e n f bm afu tcaîlnefu! af l}antanefenõjbm l z r w m j e a C j m u ~ trcfkcjnufu! l}~ mutmenfalmjm mj afrmef gnjfa fjmu bma fe}mrbc bmgnjnnwc! femref bma mlf bm afb m t m j 3 m z e n f trmumjm ~ g}}rf bm acu lmrefbcu m}rctmcu bm

ac f}bncwnu}fa rmutmec bm }jf njb}urnf `mkmlõjnef! `f tf

ufbc bmuftmrenonbf af afrkf `nucrnf bm acu bmofmu v}m um `fj

u}embnbc mj Grfjenf! M}rctf ~ crcu a}kfrmu ucorm af jmemunbfb c jc bm trcmkmrum bm af bmunk}fa rmafenõj bm g}mrxfu mj aflfmrnf* Tfrf ecltrmjbmr acu f}îjnecu bmufgìcu bma bmofm

ucorm ac v}m ! unj b}bf! jc mu læu v}m }jf trnlmrf gfum bm af

/k}mrrf eclmrenfa bm afu nlækmjmu/ f muefaf tafjmfrnf! rmu}aflæu jmemufrnc v}m j}jef rfxfr u} kmjmfackìf*

Af nbmf bm ac mumjenfa v}m rmu}af! tfrf }j Mufbc,jfenõj! ufawfk}frbfr af njbmtmjbmjenf bm af trcb}eenõj bm u}u nlækmjmu! ftfrmem tc r trnlmrf wmx h}uc mj lmbnc bm af Trnlmrf

K}mrrf L}jbnfa! mj af Famlfjnf bm a Iænumr* Eclc ecjume}mjenf bm afu `cuna nbfbmu! afu mltrmufu grfjemufu Kf}lcj ~ Tf` î `foìfj tmrbnbc u } `mkmlcj ìf mj ac u lmrefbcu

enjmlfckrægnecu m}rctmcu8 gnj bm afu mptcrfencjmu! bmuemjuc bm af trcb}eenõj jfencjfa! f}lmjc bm af cgmrf mprfjhmrf!Grfjenf ~f jc ecjumk}ìf bclnjfr u} trctnc lmrefbc* Ma wfeìc! bma c rc afbc bma _nj! um aamjõ ecj afu trcb}eencjmu bm }j

kr}tc bfjîu! af Jcrbnue`m,Tnal,Icrjtfkjnm* Muf mltrmuf bm

trcb}eenõj! bnurno}enõj ~ mptacfenõj bm tmaìe}afu! ecj j}

lmrcufu gnanfamu mprfjhmrfu! eclmjxõ nje a}uc f trcb}enr mj

Famlfjnf! tfrf fmjbmr af bmlfjbf jfencjfa*

Mj 6>6;! krfenfu fa mug}mrxc ecjh}jc bm kr}tcu ofjefrncu!Mufbc ~ G}mrxfuFrlfbfu! v}m nj}~mj ma tftma bma enjm eclc

njur}lmjc bm trctfkfjbf! um ecjun}~m mj Omraìj af gflcuf ]GF (]jnwmru}l Gnal Finmjkmuumaaue`fg.! v}m foucrom faf lf~crìf bm afu mltrmufu jfencjfamu mpnumjmu! ackrfjbc afnjmkrfenõj fjc wmrnefa eclc `crnxcjfa bm af trcb}eenõj ~bma eclmrenc enjmlfckrægnecu! bmubm af gfornefenõj bm af tmaìe}af wnrkmj `fuf af mptacfenõj bm afu ufafu* Ma ecl}jnefbc

t}oanefbc ecj lc nwc bm af njf}k}rfenõj bm af ]GF rmwmaf af

gnacucgìf v}m njutnrf u} g}jbfenõj8 /Mu krfc tcbmr ecltrc

ofr v}m af ctnjnõj umkøj af e}fa }j f tmaìe}af jc nmjm eclc

gnj øjnec ma mjrmmjnlnmjc bma tøoanec! unjc v}m bmom rmu

tcjbmr f afu jmemunbfbmu mb}efnwfu ~ mecjõlnefu jfencjfamu!muæ efbf wmx læu mpmjbnbf* Tcr maac `f unbc trmenuc trctcr

encjfr ofumu læu uõanbfu f af njb}urnf enjmlfckrægnef famlf

jf ! mutmenfalmjm bmubm ma t}jc bm wnuf eclmrenfa ~gnjfjenmrc! tfrf v}m! }jf wmx gnrlfbf af tfx! t}mbf mjrfr mj

a}e`f! fa lmjcu mj nk}fabfb bm ecjbnencjmu! fjc mj ac v}m

um rmgnmrm fa eftnfa eclc f af crkfjnxfe nõj! ecj afu g nrlfu mp

rfjhmrfu e}~f njga}mjenf! `fuf f`crf ! mrf trmtcjbmrfjm*/

Ecj fjmrncrnbfb! f ac afrkc ~ fje`c bma l}jbc! ma eclmrencnjmrjfencjfa bm tmaìe}afu jc um wmìf coufe}anxfbc tc r jnjk},

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jf lmbnbf fb}fjmrf jn tcr tcaìnef eclmrenfa fak}jf trctnf

bm mum ntc bm trcb}eenõj* Mjrm 6>67 ~ 6>6;! afu f}crnbfbmu

famlfjfu um bcfj bm }j bnutcunnwc h}rìbnec tfrf `femr grmjm fa a normeflonc bm afu tma ìe}afu * F tfr n r bm mjcjemu um mhmremræ }j ecjrca ucorm af nltcrfenõj bm tmaìe}afu mprfjhmrfu*Lmbnbf ecltamlmjfrnf bm af tcaì nef muffa bm ecjur}eenõj

bm }jf njb}urnf enjmlfckrægnef jfencjfA Muf murfmknf kacofa um njuernom! bm `me`c! bmjrc bm af gnacucgìf amkfbf tcr mamecjclnuf Grnmbrne` Anu (6;0>,6027.! }jc bm acu tfbrmu mutnrn}famu bm af ]jnõj fb}fjmrf (Xcaawmrmìj.! v}m jc ecjemoìf afecjur}eenõj bma Mufbc,jfenõj ~ bm }jf /mecjclìf jfencjfa/ unj }j /trcmeencjnulcmb}efbcr/ ~ um ctcjìf gmrcxlmjm

fa anormeflonulc njutnrfbc mj acu mõrnecu bm af mecjclìf eaæunef! Fbfl Uln` ~ Bfwnb _nefrbc* Af ftmr}rf f af ecltm

mjenf mprfjhmrf jc omjmgnenf f }jf mecjclìf jfencjfa ufawce}fjbc faefjxf enmrc jnwma bm bmufrrcaac tfrf tcbmr ecltm

nr* _mu}afof }jf bcernjf v}m trmecjnxfof }j trcmeencjnulc jc f}ærv}nec f}jv}m fltcec cfa! cbf wmx v}m m rf

lcb}afbc efuc tc r efuc umkøj ma krfbc bm njbmtmjbmjenf mgmenwf faefjxfbc tcr efbf rflf njb}urnfa (um funu nræ f af rmftf

rnenõj bm mucu frk}lmjcu! mjrm acu tfrnbfr ncu bm }jf

ftmr}rf njecjbnencjfa ! af rfìx bm acu bmofmu ucorm af ecjur}eenõj bm af /mecjclìf m}rctmf/! af rfngnefenõj bma rffbc

bm Lffurne` ~ afu jmkcenfencjmu mjrm acu Bcem ~ ma KFNR&.*

Mj 6>?=! af Famlfjnf bm af _mtøoanef bm [mnlfr mu ma trnlmr

tfìu m}rctmc mj clfr bnutcunencjmu tfrf trmefwmrum bm affwfafje`f bm tmaìe}afu jcrmflmrnefjfu* U} ecltamhc enjmlfckrægnec muæ mj wìutmrfu bm ecjwmrnrum mj ma umk}jbc Trw

b}ecr l}jbnfa! bmut}îu bm Mufbcu ]jnbcu! tfìumu flocu

v}m! bm `me`c! trmumjfj }jf mur}e}rf fjæackf mj u}u nj,b}urnfu enjmlfckrægnefu! lfrefbfu tc r }jf g}mrm ecjemj

rfenõj m ìjnlflmjm a nkfbfu fa eftnfa ofjefrnc m njb}urnfa*Eclc mu ufonbc! ma rîknlmj jfxn! fj trcjc eclc um `nxc ecj

ma tcbmr! rfjugcrlõ mum ecltamhc mj }j gcrlnbfoam bnutcun nwc bm trctfkfjbf*

Ma tmrìcbc bm mjrmk}mrrfu ecjufkrf! t}mu! af `mkmlcjìf bmafu lfhcru bm a enjm mufbc}jnbmjum v}m! b}rfjm af Krfj K}m

rrf! um `fj omjmgnenfbc bma wfeìc bmhfbc tcr acu tfìumu omankmrfjmu m}rctmcu tfrf mpmjbmr u}u rmbmu bm mptcrfenõj ~ u}

bnutcunnwc bm trcb}eenõj* Mu ma tmrìcbc mj ma v}m nmjm a}kfr

ac v}m ma `nucrnfbcr Gmrjfjb Orf}bma a aflf ma gnj bm af ¦¦ mecjclìf,l}jbc/! emjrfbf mj Acjbrmu bmubm gnjfamu bma unkacPWNNN! mj omjmg nenc bm af mecjclìf,l}jbc emjrfbf mj J}m

wf ^cri* M}rctf ~ u}u man mu ~f um njv}nmfj fjm af ftfrnenõjbm }jf e}a}rf uclmnbf! øjneflmjm! f afu am~mu bm af t r c zb}eenõj,bnurno}enõj bm lfufu ~ bm af mejcackìf! } jc b m e}~cu mloamlfu umræ ma enjm* Ma brflf}rkc nfanfjc A}nkn

Tnrfjbmaac! trmlnc Jcoma bm an mrf}rf mj 6>52! eaflf ecjrf

ma /(jcrmhflmrnefjnurjc/* /Ma flmrnefjnulc ,muernom, jcu

nj}jbf* Ermc v}m faaì um `f mjemjbnbc }j j}mwc gfrc bm afenwnanxfenõj* Ma bnjmrc v}m enre}af mj ma l}jbc mu mufbc}jn

bmjum ~ ma l}jbc bm af wnbf ~ af e}a } rf ecr rm bmræu bm mum

bnjmrc*/

B}rfjm acu fjcu wmnjm ~ rmnjf! j}lmrcucu tfìumu m}rctmcu!

ma _mnjc ]jnbc ~ Grfjenf mj tfrne}afr! um bcfj bm }j rîknlmj bm trcmeenõj tfrf `femr grmjm fa tmuc bma enjm `caN~{cc

bmjum mj u}u ufafu * Mj 6>?0 ma bmermc @mrrnc mufoamem }jfe}cf aìlnm bm enmjc wmnjm f af nltcrfenõj bm tmaìe}afu

jcrmflmrnefjfu tcr föc* Af trcb}eenõj fj}fa grfjemuf mj afîtcef fjmrncr f af k}mrrf cuenafof mj crjc f afu enmjc wmnjm

tmaìe}afu*

Fa gnjfa bm af Umk}jbf K}mrrf L}jbnfa! fa fltfrc bm afu bnue}uncjmu ucorm ma tafj Lfru`faa! ma kconmrjc mufbc}jnbmjum

`fem cbc ac v}m t}mbm tcr bnulnj}nr mufu rmurneencjmu* Mafrk}lmjc ecjgmufbc c nltaìenc umkøj afu cefuncjmu8 /N& ~c}rfaem c}r bcaafru! ~c} efj fim c}rgnalu/ (Un }umbmu clfj j}mu

rcu bõafrmu! t}mbmj clfr j}murfu tmaìe}afu.* Mj lf~c bm

6>27um gnrlf mj [fu`njkcj ma fe}mrbc Oa}l,O~rjmu! v}m aamwf acu jclormu bma rmtrmumjfjm grfjeîu! Aîcj Oa}l! ~ bma

umermfrnc bm Mufbc mufbc}jnbmjum! Hflmu O~rjmu* Mafe}mrbc fj}af afu lmbnbfu bma bmermc @mrrnc * U}un}~m af e}cf faf nltcrfenõj tcr }jf/e}cf bm tfjfaaf/ v}m rmumrwf e}frc umlfjfu efbf rnlmurm f afu tmaìe}afu grfjemufu* ]jf lmbnbf grfjeflmjm rmkrmunwf mj ecltfrfenõj ecj af fjmr ncr!t}muc v}m u} ftanefenõj ccrkf mj af træenef }j nmltc bm

ce}tfenõj bm tfjfaafu mv}nwfamjm f 56-! lnmjrfu v}m aamkfof f =4- fjmu bm af k}mrrf* Mu bmenr! v}m af j}mwf e}cf jc amtmrlnm fa tcmjenfa bm trcb}eenõj grfjeîu tfufr tcr afu ufafu*

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Mj 6>27! Grfjenf ecjunk}m trcb}enr jcwmjf ~ umnu tmaìe}afu9 maföc unk}nmjm! ummjf ~ e}frc* Af ernunu v}m um mpnmjbm tc r

afu bnunjfu rflfu bma umecr `fem v}m um me`mj f af efaam acufecrmu! rmfanxfbcrmu ~ trcb}ecrmu grfjemumu! ftc~fbcu tcr

af trmjuf! ~ coankf f af Fufloamf Jfencjfa f rmtafjmfr acu

fe}mrbcu* Afu jmkcenfencjmu ecj [fu`njkcj bmumlocefræj

mj u} lcbngnefenõj* Mj umnmlorm bm 6>20 um gnrlf }j j}mwcfe}mrbc* W}mawm f rmknr ma unumlf bm e}cfu f af nltcrfenõjv}m um unl}afjmf ecj ma bm 66e}cf bm tfjfaaf/* Bm afu enmjcce`mjf ~ umnu tmaìe}afu! e}~f mjrfbf um f}crnxf fj}falmjm

mj ma tfìu! e nmjc wmnjn}jf tcbræj umr bm crnkmj mufbc}jn,bmjum* Af 66e}cf bm tfjfaaf/ tfuf bm e}frc f enjec umlfjfu!

64v}m unkjngnef tfufr bm 56- f 50-* Af nltcrfenõj bm tmaìe},

afu bnunjfu bm afu jcrmflmrnefjfu um mje}mjrf! t}mu! uclm,nbf f rmurneencjmu amcjnjfu8 umumjf ~ enjec* Ace}fa!mj fv}maafîtcef! trcwceõ wnwfu trcmufu bm acu trcb}ecrmu ornæjnecu*Mj 6>20! afu lmbnbfu bm trcmeenõj um wnmrcj fecltföfbfu

tcr }jf f}îjnef murfmknf bm gclmjc bm af trcb}eenõj bm

tmaìe}afu* Mj ma ecrfxõj bma j}mwc unumlf bm ftc~c8 ma Emj,rm Jfncjfa bm af Enjîlfckrft`nm! }jf bm e}~fu lnuncjmuecjunum mj kfrfjnxfr af rmnjwmrunõj mj af trcb}eenõj jfenc,jfa bm tfrm bm acu njkrmucu comjnbcu mj Grfjenf tc r afu tmaì,e}afu mprfjhmrfu*

Muf murfmknf bm trcmeenõj ~ trcb}eenõj bm a enjm jfencjfabfræ tcr rmu}afbc v} m Grfjenf umf }jc bm acu muefucu tfìumum}rctmcu ~ bma l}jbc v}m ackrm ecjumrwfr enmrc ta}rfanulcmj u}u tfjfaafu* Umkøj bmufefof mj }j njgcrlm! t}oanefbc

mj 6>0?! v}m rmeckìf ma ofafjem bm af tcaìnef grfjemuf mj maælonc e}a}rfa! ma bnrmecr kmjmrfa bm rmafencjmu e}a}rfamu!enmjìgnefu ~ îejnefu bma lnjnumrnc kfac bm Fu}jcu Mpmrnc,

rmu! Yfev}mu R`nof}8 /Afu mjumöfjxfu bm mucu øanlcu wmnjm

föcu mj M}rctf jc cgrmemj a}kfr f b}bfu8 jc `f~ enjm jfenc,jfa unj tcaìnef bm f~}bf fa enjm jfencjfa* Muc mu enmrc tfrfGrfjenf! Nfanf! Famlfjnf***/ Ma mhmltac bm Krfj Ormföf (v}m um

njeanjõ tcr af ctenõj njwmruf. mu l}~ rmwmafbcr f mum rmutmec8

faaì ucormwnwm }jf njb}urnf bma enjm! tmrc ma enjm jfencjfa orn,æjnec! træeneflmjm! `f bmuftfrmenbc* Af f}umjenf bm ftc~c

cgnenfa jc nltmbnræ! unj mlofrkc! ma bmufrrcaac bm }jf efjmrf

bm enjm ucenfa*

Un Krfj Ormföf `f ufawfk}frbfbc }jf nltcrfjm njb}urnf

enjmlfckrægnef mu tcrv}m! bmubm `fem nmltc! u}u trnjentf,amu eanmjmu ucj acu trcb}ecrmu bm tmaìe}afu t}oanenfrnfu* Muf

fenwnbfb mu umnu wmemu læu nltcrfjm v} m af bma afrkclmrfhm(f bngmrmjenf bm Grfjenf bcjbm ma enjm t}oanenfrnc jc rmt!m,

umjf cbfwìf læu bm UC c 74- bm af fe nwnbfb bm afrkclmf,

hm.* Acu enjmfufuornæjnecu! famu eclcFbrnfjA~jm! Rcj~Uec!FaNfj Tfrimr! _nbam~ Uec jc nmjmj crf ufanbf v}m af bm mln,krfr f Efangcrjnf tfrf `femr faaì u}u tmaìe}afu! rfu `fomrum njn,enfbc mj ma enjm rcbfjbc utcrumj u} trctnc tfìu* Mj e}fjc fNfanf! v}m `fuf mjcjemu `foìf ecjumk}nbc trmumrwfr u} enjmjfencjfa! fununræ b}rfjm acu föcu ce`mjf! nltcmjm! f u}

trctnf bmefbmjenf! ecj ma fkrfwfjm bm af bmurmk}afenõj bm u}unumlf f}bncwnu}fa*

Njmreflonc bmunk}fa m njb}urnfu e}a}rfamu

Acu föcu ummjf rmtrmumjfj }j `nc `nuõrnec mj af tmremt,

enõj bm acu lmefjnulcu njb}urnfamu v}m ecjrcafj af trcb}e,enõj ~ af bnurno}enõjbm tmaìe}afu! trckrflfu ~ crcu trcb}ecubm af e}a}rf bm lfufu ! ~! f af wmx! bm acu bmumv}nanorncu njmr,jfencjfamu bm acu ga}hcu ~ bm acu njmrefloncu* Bcu ucj acu gc,ecu bcjbm mltnmxfj f gcrl}afrum }j bnfkjõunec ~ }jfu

trct}mufu bm tcaìnefu! f muefaf fjc jfencjfa eclc njmrjf,

encjfa! ucorm mufu e}muncjmu*

Ma trnlmrc u}rkm mj acu tfìumu bm a RmremrL}jbc ~ mueckmeclc

trnjentfa a}kfr bm mptrmunõj ma crkfjnulc rmtrmumjfnwc bm

af ecl}jnbfb bm jfencjmu mj lfmrnf bm e}a}rf! ecl}jnef,enõj! mb}efenõj ~ enmjenf8 af ]JMUEC* F tfrnr bm 6>7>af nju,

n}enõj njmrjfencjfa! mjcjemu trmunbnbf tcr ma grfjeîu YmfjLf`m}! ecjwcef! f tmnenõj bm u}u lnmlorcu! }jf rm}jnõj bm

mptmrcu mj Lcjrmfa* Crbmj bma bìf8 `femr }j e}fbrc bm un,}fenõj bm acu ecjcenlnmjcu mj af lfmrnf ~ trctcjmr aìjmfu

bm njwmunkfenõj* Mj ma emjrc bm muf rm}jnõj8 }j bmofm uc,orm af /ecl}jnefenõj mj umjnbc øjnec/ v}m efrfemrnxfrìf afu

rmafencjmu mjrm acu tfìumu mj wìfu bm bmufrrcaac ~ acu crcu ! ~v}m! tc r u} }jnafmrfanbfb! mjrföfrìf ma rnmukc bm /fefrrmfr

trcoamlfu tfrf af l}}f ecltrmjunõj mjrm afu jfencjmu/* Fac afrkc bm af bîefbf unk}nmjm! mum bmofm lcwna nxfræ f acumptmrcu ~ f acu tcaìnecu* Mj 6>;;! ma u}emucr bm Lf`m}! ma

;4

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umjmkfaîu Flfbc} L+Oc{! mjefrkfræ }j njgcrlm f }jf eclnunõj njmrjfencjfa tfrf ma mu}bnc bm acu trcoamlfu bm af ecl}jnefenõj! trmunbnbf tcr ma nrafjbîu Umfj LeOrnbm! g}jbfbcrbm Fljnuìf Njmrjfencjfa ~! f af wmx! trmlnc Jcoma ~ trmlnc

Amjnj bm af tfx* Mjrm acu bnmenuînu lnmlorcu! gnk}rfj tmruc

jfanbfbmu fj bnwmrufu eclc ma g}jbfbcr bma bnfrnc AmLcjbm!

@}omr Om}wm,Lîr~! ma ecaclonfjc! trmlnc Jcoma bm anmrf}rf! Kfornma Kfreìf Lærv}mx! ma e`namjc H}fj Uclfwìf! ma bnrmecr b m af fkmjenf ucwnînef RFUU ~ ma }jmenjc L}ufgæ

Lfulc}bn! tcrfwcx bma Lcwnlnmjc bm Tfìumu jc Fanjmfbcu!mutmenfalmjm fenwcu mj af trclcenõj bm af n bmf bm ac v}m

rmenom ma jclorm bm /J}mwc crbmj l}jbnfa bm af njgcrlfenõj

~ af ecl}jnefenõj/* Ma njgcrlm bm af eclnunõj! mj u} wmrunõj

bmgnjnnwf! um t}oaneõ mj 6>04* Um rff bm a trnlmr bce}lmjc

cgnenfa mlnnbc ofhc acu f}utnencu b m } j crkfjnulc rmtrmumjf

nwc bm af ecl}jnbfb njmrjfencjfa mj ma v}m um tafjmf ecj

tmacu ~ umöfamu af e}munõj bma ga}hc bm trckrflfu! tmaìe}afu ~crcu trcb}ecu e}a}rfamu*

J}lmrcucu ucj acu gfecrmu v}m `nenmrcj grfefufr af ecjea}unõj bm acu bmofmu ~ acu rfjugcrlfrcj! f gnj bm e}mjfu! mj}j bnæackc bm ucrbcu8 njrfjunkmjenf bm af Jcrmflîrnef rmfkfr}fjf! v}m njmjfof nltcjmr f cbf ecuf af munu bma Grmm gac{cg njgcrlfncj! efaefbf bm a trnjentnc njfjknoam bm af a nomrfbbm enre}afenõj bm lmrefjeìfu mj ma lmrefbc! funlnafbf t}rf ~unltamlmjm f af a nomr fb f umefu (}j frk}lmjc v}m! læu frbm! umræ rmclfbc b}rfjm acu bmofmu mj ma umjc bma KFRR.9

ecanunõj mjrm acu njmrmumu bm acu tfìumu bma U}r v}m a}e`fj

tcr u} mlfjentfenõj e}a }rfa jfencjfa ~ acu bm acu tfnumu bmaoacv}m ecl}jnuf v}m u}tnmrcj }nanxfr `æonalmjm mufu amkìnlfu bmlfjbfu tfrf ctcjmrum f e}fav}nmr ftmr}rf bm u}u

unumlfu bm ecl}jnefenõj bm lfufu9 ecjrfbneenõj mj ma umjclnulc bma lcwnlnmjc bm jc fanjmfbcu8 enmrcu Mufbcu bma

Rmremr L}jbc }nanxfj mucu lnulcu bmofmu njmrjfencjfamu

eclc ecfrfbf tfrf bmumjmjbmrum bm u}u trctncu ecltrcln

ucu9 muefuf rmtrmumjfenõj bm af ucenmbfb enwna crkfjnxfbf* Ftmufr bm mufuanlnfencjmu! fv}maacu bmofmu `fj v}mbfbc eclc

af trnlmrf umöfa bm fafrlf ucorm ma bmunk}fa njmreflonc bmafu nlækmjmu ~ afu njgcrlfencjmu*

Mj 6>0=! acu Mufbcu ]jnbcu! njwcefjbc }j knrc `fenf }jf

/tcannxfenõj/ bm acu trcoamlfu bm af ecl}jnefenõj! am bnmrcj

ma tcrfxc f af ]JMUEC! umk}nbcu tcec nmltc bmut}îu tc r

af Njkafmrrf bm L* R`fe`mr* B}rfjm acu föcu ce`mjf um wmræeõlc af rmk}afenõj bm afu rmbmu ~ acu njmrefloncu mlnkrf `f

enf crkfjnulcu bm wcefenõj læu îejnef* Mj trnlmr a}kfr8 ma

KFRR*

Ma umk}jbc gcec mj ma v}m um gcrl}af }jf j}mwf bcernjf ucorm afu ecjume}mjenfu bm af njb}urnfa nxfenõj ~ bm af njmrjf

encjfanxfenõj bm af e}a}rf! ~ mj ma v}m Grfjenf bmumltmöf }j

tftma trnjentfa! nmjm u} umbm mj M}rctf*

Tcr trnlmrf wmx! mj ce}orm bm 6>;0! acu lnjnurcu m}rctmcurmutcjufoamu bm fu}jcu e}a}rfamu rm}jnbcu mj Fmjfu `foafjmptaìenflmjm bm /njb}urnfu e}a}rfamu/! l}anjfencjfamu tcrjf}rfamxf! grmjm f afu e}famu afu `mrrflnmjfu bm rmk}afenõjh}rìbnef }nanxfbfu tc r ma Mufbc,jfenõj ucj bm muefuf mgnefenf*Tcec fjmu ! muf jcenõj bm njb}urnfu e}a }rfamu um `foìf njrcb}enbc tc r lmbnfenõj bm acu mptmrcu grfjemumu bma Lnjnumrnc bm

E}a}rf mj acu mj}jenfbcu fblnjnurfnwcubm

}jcrkfjnulc ecl}jnfrnc m}rctmc8 ma Ecjum hc bm M}rctf* Ofhcmuf jcenõj8 af ecltrcofenõj bma bmunk}fa eclofm mjrm acugnjmu tmrumk}nbcu tc r af tcaì nef muffa bm bmlcerfnxfenõj

bm acu onmjmu e}a}rfamu ~ ma f}km bm crf gcrlf bm bmlcerfnxfenõj lmbnfjm ma lmrefbc! f rfwîu bm acu trcb}ecu bm afe}a}rf bm lfufu9 af ecltrcofenõj! flonîj! bm acu r nmukcu facu v}m um `foìf mpt}muc af nbmjnbfb jfencjfa f rfìx bm afr}t}rf bm afu grcjmrfu bm a Mufbc,jfenõj* F}k}unj K z r f r b !rmutcjufoam bma umrwnenc bm njwmunkfencjmu bm a Lnjnumrnc bm

E}a}rf ~ }jc bm acu fr ìg nemu bm af njrcb}eenõj bma ecjemtc

mj afu rmgmrmjenfu bm Murfuo}rkc! rmu}lm l}~ onmj ma bnamlf8

/Tcr }j mprföc mjefbmjflnmjc ,muernoìf f gnjfamu bm af bîefbf, enmrfu tcaìnefu e}a}rfamu ecjun}~mj! mj u} fgæj bm

bmlcerfnxfenõj! }j f knkfjmuef rfltf* Af feenõj bm Hcutcbmrmu tøoanecu bmunjfbf f af tcoafenõj læu bmufltfrfbf

~ læu famhfbf bm afu eftnfamu! v}m `f ermenbc mj }j 644-!?44-!544-! `f mrlnjfbc gfwcrmenmjbc f acu læu gfwcrmenbcubm af faf e}a}rf ~ mjkcrbfjbc f afu njun}encjmu emjrfamu`fuf af mueamrcunu! lnmjrfu v} m af trctnf tcoafenõj! bmumj

mjbnîjbcum bm afu njufafencjmu tøoanefu! mv}ntfof u}u `ckf

rmu ecj læv}njfu e}a}rfamu ~ ecju}lìf f bclnenanc acu

trcb}ecu bm af e}a}rf bm lfufu*/ Jmkæjbcum f af f}frv}ìf

;+Fa+QaaF*FJBLFRRMAFl

;5ñmctcaari8fbm af[Nr]g a a



e}a}rfa! mum fac g}jencjfrnc bma Mufbc ecjea}ìf! rfu `fomramwfjfbc fefbm af bnlmjunõj njmrjfencjfa bm afu njb}urnfue}a}rfamu8 /@f~ v}m `foaf r bm jc,bmtmjbmjenf e}a}rfa! mubmenr bm af eftfenbfb bm }j tfìu tfrf! f af wmx! a nlnfr afu nl,

tcrfencjmu u}tmrga}fu ~ kfrfjnxfr }jf trcb}eenõj jfencjfaecltm3nwf* @c~ mj bìf! uõac afu njb}urnfu e}a}rfamu trõutm,rfu ~ onmj fbftfbfu tmrlnmj v}m acu tfìumu femtmj mum bm,ufgìc*/

M8jrm af umöfa bm fafrlf afjxfbf bmubm ma U}r ~ afu fbwmrmj

mrfu bm Hcu facu rmutcjufoamu bm af e}a}rf mj M}rctf! jc umaamkfræ f mufoamemr jnjkøj wìje}ac*

Rmamwnunõj unj grcjmrfu

B}rfjm acu föcu ce`mjf `fj ftfrmenbc crfu aõknefu! mj M},rctf ~ mj cbc ma l}jbc* Mj af bîefbf trmembmjm um `foìffunu nbc f af njmrwmjenõj bma Mufbc omjmgfecr ecrjc trcf

kc*jnu*f m z clc f N e}munõj e z a } r f a * Af bmurmk}afenõj! aftjwfxfenõj bm acu UNumlfu f}bncwìu}famu ~ ma f}km bma lmr,efbc wfj f kmjmrfr }j bmutafxflnmjc bma emjrc bm krfwm,bfb bm acu bmofmu ~ bm u}u fecrmu*

Mj h}jnc bm 6>02! af EMM `fem tøoanec }j wca}lnjcuc mu}bncn}afbc Anjm wmr u}r af tcangnv}m f}bncwnu}maam bm a+]jncj m } r c ztîmjjm (Anorc wmrbm. m njwnf f acu bnu njcu fecrmu bm af g}}rfM}rctf f}bncwnu}fa f v}m bmj f ecjcemr u} ctnjnõj * Mu af um,öfa bm ufanbf tfrf }j nr ~ wmjnr bm bmofmu mjrm afu bnunjfunjufjenfu bm afEcl}jnbfb! afu rmtrmumjfencjmu k}omrjflmj

famu ~ N z crkfjnxfencjmu t r c g m z n c j f a m u bm a umecr* COhmnwc v}mum tmrUNk}m8 mufoamemr }jf Bnrmenwf ucorm af mamwnu nõj u njg r z j m r f u * Ma Ecjumhc bm M}rctf! tc r u} tfrm! njnenfræ acu rf,ofHCU bm }jf ecjwmjenõj ucorm mum lnulc mlf! mj 6>07*

Ma5 bm ce}orm bm 6>0>! acu Bcem ftr}mofj ma mpc gnjfa bm afBnrmenwf* Ma frìe}ac 2 njwnf f acu tfìumu lnmlorcu f v}m rm,umrwmj tfrf corfu m}rctmfu (tmaìe}afu bm gneenõj ~ bce}lmj

famu. }jf trctcrenõj lf~crnfrnf bm u} nmltc bm bng}u nõj

/ u z m l t r m >*}*m umf tcunoam/* ]jf bmeafrfenõj ecjh}jf bma Ecj,umHc bm lnjnurcu m}rctmcu ~ bm af Eclnunõj trmenuf! jc cou,fjm! v}m um rff bm }jf /coankfenõj tcaìnef/* Mj crfu

tfaforfu! af Bnrmenwf mu }j mpc ecj g}m rxf bm am~! uf awc mjcbc fv}maac v}m um rmgnmrf f afu e}cfu! e}~c nje}ltanlnmjc

jc t}mbm ! træeneflmjm! umr ufjencjfbc tc r ma Rrno}jfa bmh}unenf bm af EMM* Ma frìe}ac 2! tcr fjc! nmjm ma muf}c bm}jf/ bmeafrfenõj bm njmjencjmu/* Af Bnrmenwf rmk}af! fbmlæu! ma rnlc bm acu ecrmu t}oanenfrncu8 }jf lmbnf bm 6=-tcr efbf `crf! ecj }j læpnlc bm ?4-9 }j ecrm efbf 2= ln,

j}cu tfrf acu afrkclmrfhmu ~ acu mamgnalmu* Rflonîj coankffafu efbmjfu f trclcwmr af trcb}eenõj njbmtmjbnmjm ~ f rmu,tmfr }jf ercjcackìf bm acu lmbncu mj af mptacfenõj bm afucorfu (mj ufafu! mj wnbmc! tc r mamwnunõj.* Jc coufjm! af Bn,

rmenwf rmecjcem ma bmrme`c bm efbf tfìu lnmlorc f gnhfr afue}cfu tfrf afu trcb}eencjmu m}rctmfu* Mj Grfjenf! tc r mhml,tac! afu efbmjfu muæj coankfbfu f bng}jbnr }j 24- bm corfugrfjemufu (74- bm m}rctmfu. ~ bmomj njwmrnr tfrm bm u} wc

a}lmj bm jmkcencu mj af trcb}eenõj bm corfu enjmlfckrægn,efu* Af Ecjwmjenõj mafocrfbf tcr ma Ecjumhc bm M}rctf ~fbctfbf tcec nmltc fjmu! jc mu l}~ bnunjf bm af v}m um

ftrcofrìf }jcu lmumu læu frbm mj Or}umafu* Grfjenf fwfaõflocu mpcu f rmkföfbnmjmu* @fuf ma øanlc lclmjc! Tfrìu`foìf trmecjnxfbc îrlnjcu læu rmurnenwcu mj lfmrnf bm

e}cfu* Acu Mufbcu lnmlorcu v}m læu um ctcjìfj f af nltc

unenõj bm e}cfu! mjefomxfbcu tc r af bmamkfenõj bma _mnjc

]jnbc! ackrfrcj frrfurfr rf u maacu f af lf~cr ìf bm acu Bcemgr mj m f af trct}muf grfjemuf ftc~fbf tcr Oîaknef! A}pml,o}rkc ~ Mutföf* Grfjenf bmumfof nltcjmr }jf e}cf lìjnlf

bm 74- bma nmltc bm fjmjf! mpea}nbc ma bmbnefbc f njgcrlf,

enõj! ecltmnencjmu bmtcrnwfu! h}mkcu! t}oanenbfb c umrwnencubm mammpc*

F ac afrkc bm mucu enjec föcu bm mjgrmjflnmjcu! fecltfuf,bcu tc r maacoo~njk bm afu crkfjnxfencjmu ecrtcrfnwfu m njmr,trcgmuncjfamu bm fkmjenfu t}oanenfrnfu! uctcrmu ~ fj}jenfjmu!`f tcbnbc ecltrcofrum v}m af trctnf jcenõj bm e}a}rf mj

wmx bm }jnr! bnwnbm! ~l}e`c! f acu kconmrjcu m}rctmcu* Lnmj,

rfu v}m af bmamkfenõj bma kconmrjc jmcanomrfa bm Acjbrmu ufa,fof fjm af unltam mwcefenõj bm af tfaforf/e}a}rfa/ ftanefbff ac f}bncwnu}fa! acu rmtrmumjfjmu grfjemumu um ecjwmrìfj mjfrbnmjmu bmgmjucrmu bma unumlf bm e}cfu mj jclorm bm }jf

/nbmjnbfb e}a}rfa m}rctmf/* ]jf nbmjnbfb v}m! umkøj crcu!jc `foìf lfjmrf bm mjecjrfr* Tcr}kfa jc mjmjbìf tcr v}î

;+FTHwQFJBLFRR₡AF_R

;+rnmctcaarnef bm afC*Na}rf



mjbrìf v}m eflonfr af øanlf mamjcwmaf orfunamöf bm îpnc ntcr}j umrnfa grfjeîu eclc E`frmf}wfaacj! uc trmmpc bm gclmjfr

afu trcb}eencjmu m}rctmfu& Lnmjrfu v}m tfìumu tmv}möcu!

eclc Oîaknef! rmtrce`fofj fonmrflmjm f }jcu ~ crcu affjnv}nafenõj bm afu rmafencjmu bm g}mrxfu njmre}a}rfamu! mj

}jf M}rctf eclt}muf bm ecl}jnbfbmu jfencjfamu ~ rmknc

jfamu ecj bmunk}famu tcmjenfamu bm trcb}eenõj f}bncwnu}fa(~ bm njkrmucu t}oanenfrncu.*

F tmufr bm afu løantamu ecjemuncjmu ~ ecltrclnucu! af Bnrmenwf jc kcxõ bm o}mjf fecknbf mj acu enre}afu bma umecr f}

bncwnu}fa bm acu Mufbcu ]jnbcu v}m! njlmbnfflmjm!

fj}jenfrcj v}m njmrtcjbrìfj }j rme}ruc fjm ma KFRR* Um

køj maacu! af Bnrmenwf w}ajmrfof af coankfenõj nlt}muf f acuMufbcu lnmlorcu bm jc bnuernlnjfr acu trcb}ecu mprfjhmrcu* Fv}ma rmenonlnmjc jc `nxc unjc mltmcrfr e}fjbc! }j

föc bmut}îu bm u} fbctenõj! mj bnenmlorm bm 6>>4! ma Ecjumhc

bm lnjnurcu bm acu Bcem clfof }jf umrnm bm bmenuncjmu ecj

ma trctõunc bm mur}e}rfr f tafxc gnhc }jf njb}urnf f}bncwnu}fa m}rctmf8 ma /tafj Lmbnf/* Bcfbc ecj }j trmu}t}muc

bm }jcu bcuenmjcu wmnjm lnaacjmu bm me}u rmtfrnbcu f acafrkc bma tmrìcbc 6>>6,6>>=! ~ kmuncjfbc bm gcrlf bmuemjrfanxfbf bmubm afu krfjbmu en}bfbmu m}rctmfu (Acjbrmu! @fl

o}rkc! Ofremacjf! Or}umafu! Tfrìu.! mum trckrflf e}orm! f afwmx! af mjumöfjxf! af trcb}eenõj ~ af bnurno}enõj8 f~}bf fak}nõj! f~}bf f af ta}rnbnurno}enõj! f~}bf f acu bce}lmjfamu

~ fa bno}hc fjnlfbc! f~}bf f af ecjun}enõj bm }jf r mb bmufafu v} m bmbnv}mj af lnfb bm u} trckrflfenõj f tmaìe}afum}rctmfu (Trckrflf M}rctf,Enjmu.* Mum øanlc trckrflf muæbnrmeflmjm gnjfjenfbc! `fuf }j =4-! tc r Grfjenf* U} cohm

nwc8 rmumrwfr rmnjf ~ ce`c ufafu mloamlænefu mj wmnjm eftnfamu m}rctmfu c en}bfbmu rmtrmumjfnwfu bm rmem tfìumu*

]j fkconfjm bîgnen bm af ofafjxf

F ac afrkc bm acu föcu ce`mjf! }j `me`c tfalfrnc `f krfwnfbc ucorm af murfmknf wca}jfrnuf bm af ]jnõj M}rctmf8 mabîgnen eclmrenfa bm af M}rctf f}bncwnu}fa! v} m um `f ecjwmrnbc mj ma trnjentfa lmrefbc ucawmjm bm af njb}urnf bma enjm!af mamwnunõj ~ ma wnbmc bm Mufbcu ]jnbcu* Rflonîj umrwnræ bmmaõj bm gcjbc tfrf afu jmkcenfencjmu ecj ma KFRN

Umkøj afu munlfencjmu `me`fu tcr ma NBFRM (Njun}c bm acf}bncwnu}fa ~ bm afu mamecl}jnefencjmu mj M}rctf.! mj 6>>4acu njkrmucu mufbc}jnbmjumu mj af EMM fuemjbìfj f 5*;6> ln,

aacjmu bm bõafrmu (6*652tfrf ma enjm! 6*?;0 tfrf af mamwnunõj ~6*54; tfrf ma wnbmc. lnmjrfu v}m af rmef}bfenõj bm af EMM mj

Mufbcu ]jnbcu jc a amkfof f acu ?2; lna acjmu bm bõafrmu* Ac

v} m rmtrmumjfof }j bîgnen mj af ofafjxf bm 5*2;? lnaacjmu bmbõafrmu* Föc rfu föc! ecj af f~}bf bm af bmurmk}afenõj bm acuunumlfu f}bncwnu}famu! af mamwnunõj ~ ma wnbmc `fj f}lmjf

bc ma bîgnen m}rctmc* Mj 6>>?! acu njkrmucu bm af mamwnunõjjcrmflmrnefjf mj af EMM um mamwfofj f 6*720 lnaacjmu bm bõ

afrmu*

Acu lmrefbcu mpmrncrmu u cj f`c rf efbf wmx læu wnfamu tfrf

afu lfhcru8 mj 6>00! mufu krfjbmu ecltföìfu rmef}bfofj mj mamprfjhmrc 26!7- bm u} engrf bm jmkcencu9 e}frc föcu læu frbm! emref bm 2;-* Mj 6>>6! }j ;?-! bm trclmbnc! bm acu njkrm

ucu bm afu ufafu mj ma lmrefbc m}rctmc nof f tfrfr fa ocaunaac bm

afu gnrlfu jcrmflmrnefjfu* Muf trctcrenõj cuenaf mjrm }j>5- mj Krfj Ormföf ~ }j =0!;- mj Grfjenf* ]jnmc tfìu mj

`fomr ufawfk}frbfbc }jf tfrm u}ufjenfa b m u } enjm jfencjfa!mum øanlc! jc coufjm! nmjm v}m `femr grmjm fa ermenlnmjcbma jølmrc bm tmaìe}afu jcrmflmrnefjfu v}m! mjrm 6>;> ~6>>5! `fj bfbc }j ufac bmubm 56- `fuf =;- (fbmlæu! f nlf

kmj ~ umlmhfjxf bm crcu tfìumu m}rctmcu! ma erõjnec bmuemjuc bm afu mjrfbfu bngne}af efbf wmx læu af flcrnxfenõj bma

ecuc bm afu tma ìe}afu mj ma lmrefbc jfencjfa9 }j mufbc}jn

bmjum wf fa enjm e}frc wmemu fa föc9 }j m}rctmc! 6!7.*

Uìlocac bm af g}mrxf bm bnu}funõj bma enjm mufbc}jnbmjum mj

6>>5! Y}rfumne Tfri! bm Umwmj Utnmaomrk8 af tmaìe}af rmef}bõ52= lnaacjmu bm bõafrmu mj Mufbcu ]jnbcu ~ mj Efjfbæ! ~ =50

mj acu rmufjmu lmrefbcu9 krfenfu f acu bmrme`cu bm }n anxfenõj ecjembnbcu f acu /anemjenfbcu/ (=44 g nrlfu ~ =*444 trc

b}ecu.! `f kmjmrfbc lna lnaacjmu bm bõafrmu mj wmjfu9 matrmu}t}muc bm lærimnjk tfrf u} trclcenõj fuemjbnõ f 74lnaacjmu bm bõafrmu ~ u} trmu}t}muc t}oanenfrnc f 6=,?4 lnaacjmu9 af tmaìe}af ecuõ 74 lnaacjmu bm bõafrmu ,bcu wmemu læu

v}m af lmbnf bm afu trcb}eencjmu `caa~{ccbmjumu,! lnmjrfu

v}m }jf tmaìe}af grfjemuf e}muf 2 lnaacjmu bm bõafrmu bm trc

lmbnc* Crc uìlocac! muf wmx læu mptaìenflmjm fkrmunwc!

;7FrLFJBLFRRMAFrQR

;;7mcgNcNNaNfa6am af{a]rf



bma bmufgìc mufbc}jnbmjum8 ma v}m! f lcbc bm mu! mj umnmlorm bm 6>>5! mj ma }lorfa bma mjgrmjflnmjc gnjfa bma EFRN!g}m afjxfbc tcr ma kr}tc bm +Nmb Rarrjmr (EJJ.! v}m jc }wc

rmtfrcu mj fj}jenfr ma trc~mec bm u}u mamwnuncjmu RJR ~Efrccj bm bng}jbnr! bmubm Krfj Ormföf! v}m cbfwìf jc `f

njecrtcrfbc afu eaæ}u}afu bm af Bnrmenwf m}rctmf f u} bmrme`c njmrjc! ~ f rfwîu bma ufîa nm a}pmlo}rk}îu Furf 6 m!tmaìe}afu ~ bno}hcu fjnlfbcu! bcoafbcu! mjrm }j 54 ~ }j 24-!fa grfjeîu! u}mec! jcr}mkc! gnjîu ~ efumaafjc*

Fa njea}nr acu umrwnencu mj afu jmkcenfencjmu eclmrenfamu! tcr

wmx trnlmrf bmubm u} ermfenõj mj 6>2;!ma KFRR`f t}muc bm

fe}fanbfb ma njmreflonc rfjujfencjfa bm acu trcb}ecu njlfmrnfamu! mjrm acu v}m g nk}rf ma ecjh}jc bm acu trcb}ecubm afu njb}urnfu e}a}rfamu* @fuf mjcjemu! af e}mu nõj bm afrmkaflmjfenõj bm mucu ga}hcu `foìfunbc }j fu}jc lmrflmjm

m}rctmc* Mj ac u}emunwc! tfufræ f umr }jf tfrm mumjenfa bmaecjmjencuc bm af l}jbnfanxfenõj* Gnrlfbc tcr wmnjnrîu tfì

umu fa îrlnjc bm af Umk}jbf K}mrrf L}jbnfa! ma Fe}mrbc kmjmrfa ucorm frfjemamu ~ eclmrenc fkr}tfof f 64; jfencjmu! mj6>>5*

Matrcoamlf rfbnef mj v}m fa bmufefr af jmemunbfb bm uclmmr

ma umecr f}bncwnu}fa f afu rmkafu kmjmrfamu bm af anomrfanxfenõjbma eclmrenc njmrjfencjfa bm cbcu acu onmjmu ~ umrwnencu! maKFRR `f tafjmfbc af bm u}trnlnr acu bnunjcu bnutcunnwcunltafjfbcu tcr M}rctf ~ tcr efbf tfìu m}rctmc mj ecjermctfrf trcmkmr }j mutfenc f}bncwnu}fa trctnc* Gcjbcu Tm ftc,

~c fa enjm f muefaf jfencjfa c bm af ]jnõj! mufoamenrjnmjHc bme}cfu tfrf af rfjulnunõj bm ermfencjmu bm crnkmj m}rctmc c

jfencjfa tcr mamwnunõj! muæj! bmubm muf õtnef! a aflfbcu fbmuftfrmemr f ecrc tafxc mj jclorm bm af anorm ecltmmjenfm j }j lmrefbc anorm* Læu faaæ bm ac f}bncwnu}fa! af anomrfanxfenõj trmecjnxfbf tcr ma KFNR tcjìf mj mjrmbne`c af nltafjfenõj bma trmencøjnec tfrf ma anorc! ofumbm }jf tcaìnef tøoanefmj af lfmrnf* Mum mu ma cohmc bma t}auc mjfoafbc mj 6>>5mjrm af ]jnõj M}rctmf! rmtrmumjfbf tcr ma ornæjnec AmcjOrnfj! eclnufrnc mjefrkfbc bm afu rmafencjmu mecjõlnefu mpmrncrmu! ~ acu Mufbcu ]jnbcu! mj af tmrucjf bma mufbc}jn,

bmjum Lneim~ Efjcr! rmtrmumjfjm mutmenfa bm af Efuf Oafjeftfrf ma eclmrenc (6HUR_.* Ma lmbnfbcr mrf ma nrafjbîu Tmmr

U`}mrafjb! bnrmecr kmjmrfa bma EFRN! mjefrkfbc bm emrrfrmuf øanlf gfum bma Fe}mrbc (]r}k}f~ _e}jb. ~ bfr f a} x

crf njun}enõj! af CLm! af Crkfjnxfenõj L}jbnfa bma Eclmrenc*

Mj jclorm bm af nbmjnbfb e}a}rfa m}rctmf

]jf afrkf rfbnenõj bm bmgmjuf bma enjm jfencjfa! frrfnkfbffjc mj }jf ecjemtenõj bm af e}a } rf ~ bma tftma bma tcbmr

tøoanec mj af lfmr nf eclc mj af ecjenmjenf bm afu løantamucrkfjnxfencjmu bm af trcgmunõj! mj }j tfìu v}m! } föc ecjcrc! trcb}em mjrm enmj ~ enmjc wmnjm afrkclmrfhmu ~ bc*jbm ma umecr rmtrmumjf }jcu ummjf lna t}mucu bm rfofhc!mptanef afu rfxcjmu bm af fltan}b bma ecltrclnuc g r f j e z u mj

ma fu}jc bma KFRN Crc mamlmjc nltcrfjm v}m! bmo nbc faf tcafrnxfenõj bma bmofm ucorm af bmtmjbmjenf e}a}rfa! rmfac u}t}muf! f lmj}bc `f tfufbc bmuftmrenonbc! mu ma mlcr

cgnenfa f v}m ma bnutcunnwc bm /bng}unõj bm af e}a}rf grfjemuf/

tnmrbf cbfwìf læu njga}mjenf mj M}rctf ~ mj ma l}jbc* z u mbfc jc `f tfufbc njfbwmrnbc tfrf acu njmame}famu ~ frnufufgrnefjcu8 ma wca}lmj bm trckrflfu grfjemumu n l t c r f b c z g a + 8 a e ¬øf mjrm ?5 ~ =4- bm acu trckrflfu bng}jbnbcu mj ma Fgjefgrfjeõgcjf! tcr jc `foafr bm af g}mrm bmtmjbmjenf bm a c mambnfrncu acefamu rmutmec f cbc ac v}m trcembm bm af f j z k } flmrõtcan* Muf mprmlf u}ocrbnjfenõj `fem v}m af lnrfbf

bnr nknbf fa trcoamlf bm af nbmjnbfb e}a}rfa flmjfxfbf! umf!gcrxcuflmjm! l}~ bnunjf8 tfrf mucu njmame}famu! umk}j*afgrfum bma trcb}ecr efrjmr}jîu Lne`ma Acom M { f j z z ma b a z ¬jc Anoîrfncj (U*pA>5.! /Bfaafu ~ Am E æamf} bmu cìncnmru (umjm

bm mamwnunõj grfjemuf! bm krfj îpnc. n}j lnulc eclofm&/

Mjrm acu trnjentfamu frk}lmjcu bm acu bmgmjucrmu bm af mpemtenõj e}a}rfa8 /]jf ecjemtenõj rfbnefalmjm bnunjf Ybmaf bm acu Mufbcu ]jnbcu\ bm af corf ~ bma f}cr/ (hmfj,Eaf}bmEfrrnmrm.8 /_mutmfr af e}a}rf mu bmhfraf g}mrf bm afu ecltmmjenfu bma KFrN **mu bmenr! }j jc rfbnefa fa rn}jgc bma lmrefbc unj ecjenmjenf jn lnumrnecrbnf (Hfei _fanm! }jc bm acug}jbfbcrmu bm acu /Mufbcu kmjmrfamu bm af e}a}rf/ mj clc

f acu e}famu `fj emrrfbc gnafu fr nu fu ~ tmrucjfanbfbmu bma

l}jbc bma mutmeæe}ac.* Jc lmjcu nltcrfjm! af rmnwnjbnefenõj bm }jf e}a}rf m}rctmf* Maaaflflnmjc! t}oanefbc f cbf

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tæknjf mj ma bnfrnc AmLcjbm bma 60 bm um nmlorm bm 6>>5! tc raf =FEML (Ucenîî bmu f}m}ru ecltcunm}ru îbnm}ru bm l}

unk}m.! af UFEML (Ucenîî enwnam bmu f}m}ru l}anlîbnf. ~ afUcenîî bmu kmju bm Nmrmu bm Grfjem (UKBA.! f acu j}lmrcucu

f}crmu ~ rmfanxfbcrmu rm}jnbcu mj Wmjmenf tcr njnenfnwf bm afTM_F (Gmbmrfenõj m}rctmf bm rmfanxfbcrmu f}bncwnu}famu. tfrfrffr ma fu}jc bma KFRR mptrmuf f afu eafrfu mum amn lcnwfu}lnbc tcr afu fucenfencjmu læu bnwmrufu9 /]j KFRR rfxcjf,

oam tfrf }jf e}a}rf m}rctmf *** Efbf t}moac bnugr}f bm }j bmrme`c nltrmuerntnoam fa bmufrrcaac bm u} trctnf e}a}rf falnulc nmltc v}m fa feemuc fa m ucrc e}a }rf a bm crcu t}m

oacu* Ufomj v}m mj af ernunu v}m bmukfrrf fa l}jbc mj mumgnjfa bm unkac! mu mumjenfa v}m ma enjm ~ acu rmu fjmu lmbncu bmmptrmunõj f}bncwnu}famu t}mbfj ecjrno}nr f af ecltrmjunõj!

fa femreflnmjc ~ fa f}km e}a }rfa bm acu t}moacu * Af ecjumrwfenõj ~ ma gcrfamenlnmjc bm }jf uõanbf nbmjnbfb e}a}rfa

bm af Ecl}jnbfb ucj! tc r crf tfrm! njbnutmjufoamu tfrf maîpnc bm af ecjur}eenõj m}rctmf* ** Mp`crflcu f acu jmkcenfbcrmu m}rctmcu f mpnknr njecjbnencjfalmjm v}m afu rmkafu trmwnufu mj ma fe}mrbc jc ef}umj tmrh}nenc fa umecr f}bncwnu}fam}rctmc* Af eaæ}u}af bm mpemtenõj e}a }rfa! øjnef rmkaf u}uemtnoam bm trmumrwfr j}murfu nbmjnbfbmu! bmom njecrtcrfrumfa fe}mrbc EFNR! unj ecjemunõj fak}jf*/ Mufu bmeafrfencjmujc unkjngnefj mj lcbc f ak}jc v}m mpnuf }jfjnlnbfb ucormmum fu}jc mjrm acu rmfanxfbcrmu grfjemumu* Fak}jcu mptrmufjfonmrflmjm u}u rmumrwfu ~ tcjmj bm lfjngnmuc af bngne}afbv}m mjrföf af bmgmjuf bm acu njmrmumu bm acu ermfbcrmu njbmtmjbnmjmu mj ma umjc bm mum fltanc grmjm* Umkøj muernonrælæu frbm mj ma bnfrnc Anoîrfncj (7*666*6>>=. ma enjmfuf Lfrema@fjc}j8 /Af mpemtenõj e}a}rfa mu ma æroca v}m jc bmhf +wmr ma

ocuv}m bm af mpea}unõj e}a rfa*** Af mpemtenõj e}a}rfa bm }jcujc mu læu v}m }jf a}e`f tc r acu lmrefbcu* Af bm crcu mu afmptacrfenõj unamjencuf! tmrlfjmjm! bma njlmjuc efltc bm afmuern}rf f}bncwnu}fa! bma efltc bm af njwmu nkfenõj! bm af nj,jcwfenõj ~ ma bmue}ornlnmjc*** Acu mur}mjbcucu tfrnbfrncubm af mpemtenõj e}a}rfa jc t}mbmj ~ jc v}nmrmj camrfr affamrjfnwf bm af famrnbfb! af bngmrmjenf! jn unv}nmrf mj u} efuf!mj Grfjenf***]jf æenf ecltanenbfb! v}m rmu}af cohmnwflmjmlfgncuf! rmøjm trcb}eenõj! bnurno}enõj! trclcenõj! lmbncu!tfrf `femr cbc ac v}m jc efom mj ma lcabm bm }jf bmlfkõkn

ef lmbncerfenf*** Acu +er}xfbcu+ bm af mpemtenõj e}a }rfa bmu,

wnfj mutmefe}afrlmjm afu lnrfbfu `fenf af nlfkmj e}fun lìnef! eclc un ufanmrf bm a mutmhc! bma#lfawfbc mjmlnkc amhfjc+!lcbmac bma v}m! tc r crc afbc! ucj acu læpnlcu mjeclnfufu ~acu læu mltmbmrjnbcu trme}rucrmu*/ Mu bm bmufefr! mj mgmec!af f}umjenf rmfa bm }jf trcg}jbf rmgampnõj ucorm ac v}m mu cbmonmrf umr }jf /nbmjnbfb enjmlfckrægnef c f}bncwnu}fa m}

rctmf/ *

Tfrf ecltanefr føj læu mum tfnufhm! bm tcr uì fltanflmjm

ecjrfbnecrnc! `f~ v}m föfbnr crc mamlmjc bm tmuc8 un onmjacu trcgmuncjfamu ,~ læu ecjermflmjm afu crkfjnxfencjmu bmacu f}crmu,rmfanxfbcrmu,trcb}ecrmu, `fj mufbc mj af wfj

k}frbnf bm muf lcwnanxfenõj ecjrf ma trc~mec njnenfa bmaEFRN! `f u nbc jccrnf af f}umjenf bm fanjmflnmjc tcr tfr m

bm acu krfjbmu kr}tcu bm ecl}jnefenõj aaflfbcu m}rctmcu*Mj Grfjenf ~ g}mrf bm Grfjenf* Mj ma lclmjc læu mjuc bm acv}m! l}~ trcjc! um ecjwnrnõ mj mjgrmjflnmjc grfjec,mufbc}jnbmjum! kr}tcu grfjemumu famu eclc Efjfa Ta}u ~ E`frkm}ru

_î}jnu u}uer no ìfj fe}mrbcu ec j ma u}tmrkr}tc

Rnlm,{frjmr9 ecj ma gnj! mutmenfalmjm mj ac v} m rmutmef fmucu øanlcu! bm ecjur}nr }j ecltamhc enjmlfckrægnec mj maecjnjmjm m}rctmc! lnmjrfu v} m af Jm{cri JOE um `feìf

ecj ma ecjr ca bm af efbmjf bm efoam m}rctmf U}tmre`fjjma*

Mj e}fjc f af fjnk}f /wcx bm Grfjenf/! af efbmjf RG6! trnwf

nxfbf bmubm 6>07! um anlnfof f rmecrbfr u} `cun anbfb f e}fav}nmr tcaìnef bm e}cfu*

Fa ecjunbmrfr v}m jc bmgnmjbmj acu lnulcu njmrmumu jn nmjmjaf lnulf bmgnjnenõj bm e}a}rf ~ bm u} tftma v}m acu v}m ftc~f af tcu}rf grfjemuf! jc cbcu acu lnmlorcu bm af ]jnõj

`fj v}mrnbc ermmr bm mjrfbf v}m af u}mrm bm af nbmjnbfbm}rctmf um h}kfof g}jbflmjfalmjm mj af e}munõj f}bncwnu}fa! ~ tfrm bm maacu um `f jmkfbc f fanjmfrum! mj }jf trnlmrf

mftf! ecj muf munu bm af /mpemtenõj e}a}rfa/ v}m u}o~feìf~f mj af tcunenõj fbctfbf tcr ma kconmrjc grfjeîu b}rfjm afubnue}uncjmu ucorm af Bnrmenwf* F krfjbmu rfukcu! uõac acu kconmrjcu bm Oîaknef ~ bm af M}rctf bma U}r um `fj u}lfbc! fwmemu! mu enmrc! ecj af ocef tmv}möf! f muf tcunenõj!lnmjrfu

v}m acu rmufjmu mptrmufofj fonmrflmjm u}u rmnemjenfu rmutmec fa g}jbflmjc bm muf a ìjmf bm ecjb}ef* Af munu bm afmpemtenõj e}a}rfa ~f mjìf! jc coufjm! }j fjmembmjm `nu,

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õrnec8 b}rfjm afu bnue}uncjmu ucorm ma Fe}mrbc bm anormeflonc Mufbcu ]jnbcu,Efjfbæ! [fu`njkcj `foìf mjnbc v} m

ecjembmr fa kconmrjcbm ñf{f ma bmrme`c f trcmkmr af nbmjnbfb e}a}rfa efjfbnmjum* Ecjcenbc ecj ma jclorm bm eaæ}u}af bm /mpmjenõj e}a}rfa/! ma frìe}ac ?44= fofref ma enjm! afrfbncbng}unõj! ma rmknurc ucjcrc ~ af mbnenõj* ]jf bngmrmjenf!unj mlofrkc! ecj af wmrunõj grfjemuf bm af mpemtenõj e}a}rfa8mj ma trnlmr efuc! un acu Mufbcu ]jnbcu um ecjunbmrfj tmr h}bnefbcu! muæj gfe}afbcu tfrf mhmremr rmtrmufanfu }jnafmrfalmjm¦ mj eflonc! mj ma umk}jbc! af bnuentanjf l}anafmrfa

trc`ìom! mj trnjentnc! e}fav}nmr lmbnbf bm rmcrunõj*

Mj }j trnlmr tfuc! ma trctnc jmkcenfbcr mj jclorm bm afEMM fockõ jc ~f tcr af munu bm af /mpemtenõj e}a}rfa/! unjctcr af bm af /eaæ}u}af bm mutmbgnenbfb e}a}rfa/* ]jf munu f afv}m ~f um `foìf u}lfbc! mj ecjrf bm af tcunenõj bma kconmrjcgrfjeîu! af lf~crìf bm acu lnmlorcu bma Tfraflmjc m}rctmc

mj h}anc bm 6>>5 (`foræ v}m mutmrfr `fuf gnjfamu bm umnmlormtfrf v}m acu bnt}fbcu m}rctmcu um bmulfrv}mj bm afu tcunencjmu bm Aîcj Ornfj ~ ftc~mj af rmnwnjbnefenõj bm }jf /mpemtenõj/.*

Mjrm mpemtenõj ~ mutmengnenbfb! ma lfnx anjkñìunec mu nltcrfjm* Af trnlmrf um ecrrmutcjbm ecj }jf ctenõj rfbnefa8 umtrctcjm mpea}nr ma ftfrfbc f}bncwnu}fa bm afu jmkcenfencjmubma KFRR ~ bm afu rmkafu anomrfamu bma eclmrenc njmrjfencjfa!tc r af lnulf rfxõj v}m ac muæj af ufa}b tøoanef! ma lmbnc

flonmjm c af umk}rnbfb njmrncr bm }j Mufbc* Tfrf bnugr}frbm mummuf}c! af mpemtenõj `f bm mufr rmecknbf mj ma frìe}6462 bma KFRg! v}m trcmkm grmjm f af ftanefenõj bm afu rmu

rmkafu g}jbflmjfamu bma Fe}mrbc8 eaæ}u}af bm jfenõj læugfwcrmenbf (efbf omjmgnenc mgmenwflmjm ecjembnbc tcr }j

tfìu f c rc bmom `femrum mpmjunwc f cbcu acu bmlæu.! rfflnmjc jfencjfa (}j omjmgnenc ecjembnbc f }j trcwmmbcr jf

encjfa mj rmafenõj ecj }j ntc ecjermc bm lmrefjeìfu bmom`femrum mpmjunwc f cbcu acu trcwmmbcrmu. ~ feemuc fa lmrefbc (tfrf }jf lmrefjeìf mutmeìgnef! }j tfìu ecjembm acu lnulcu omjmgnencuf cbcu acu trcwmmbcrmu.* Mj e}fjc f af umk}jbfctenõj! tmrlnm fornr ma mrrmjc bm af jmkcenfenõj ecj acu Mufbcu ]jnbcu* Um mjrf mj af mutmengnenbfb e}fjbc um ufam bmafr ìe}ac 62 ~ um fbv}nmrmj acu ecltrclnucu bm bnue}nr femref

bm }jf trcmeenõj bmfaafbf! bnutmruf tc r wfrncu frìe}acu! ~bm coankfrum f cgmrfu trckrmunwfu bm anomrfanxfenõj9 acu frìe}acu unmltrm t}mbmj umr cohmfbcu ~! tcr fjc! muæj u}hmcu frmwnuncjmu tmrnõbnefu*

@fuf ma øanlc lnj}c g}m njenmrc ma rmu}afbc bma t}auc* Ma6=bm bnenmlorm um bfof f ecjcemr ma wmrmbnec8 ma umecr bm afe}a}rf v}mbf mpea}nbc bm acu fe}mrbcu bma KFRR* Af rmfeenõjbm acu rmtrmumjfjmu bm afu njb}urnfu bm af nlfkmj jcrm

flmrnefjfu jc um `nenmrcj mutmrfr* Malnulc bìf bm afu bmanomrfencjmu! fa efmr af frbm! Nfei Wfamjn! trmunbmjm (bmubm 6>75.bm af Lcncj Tne}rm Fuucenfncj cg Flîrnef (LTFF.! e}~fubmeafrfencjmu! f ac afrkc bm acu bcu föcu fjmrncrmu! `foìfjnjbnkjfbc f j}lmrcucu enjmfufu ~ trcb}ecrmu mufbc}jn

bmjumu! tcjìf mj enre}afenõj ma unk}nmjm ecl}jnefbc8 /Aflf~cr jmkcenfenõj bm j}murf îtcef aamkf f u} gnj* Af EMM!j}murc lmrefbc læu nltcrfjm! jc jcu bmhf jnjk}jf mutmrfjxf* ** Af øa nlf cgmrf bm af EMM mu! bm `me`c! aflmjfoam9nju}afjm! r}gfbf bm tfaforfu v}m jc v}nmrmj bmenr jfbf ***muf jmkcenfenõj jfbf nmjm v}m wmr ecj af e}a}rf (ufawc v}mum ecjunbmrm v}m e}fav}nmr umrnm c e}fav}nmr h}mkc mamwnufbcbm crnkmj m}rctmc jc umfj unjc ma mv}nwfamjm e}a}rfa bm }jfeclmbnf bm Lcanmrm.* Ac øjnec v}m bm wmrbfb um `f mj nbc mje}mjf `f unbc ma b njmrc n~ jc wmfj ecj v}î ecbnenf&/*

Ma bmutme`c bm H* Wfamjn! enmrflmjm! muæ f af fa}rf bm acurmcu* Fakc læu bm }j föc bmut}îu! um ftrmenfræ cbfwìf lmhcraf nltcrfjenf kacofa bm mum fu}jc tfrf acu Mufbcu ]jnbcu!fa v}mbfr fa bmue}onmrc! tcr }jf trcwnbmjenfa efu}fanbfb! afulfjncorfu eafjbmunjfu f afu v}m `foìf bfbc a}kfr af trmtfrf

enõj bm acu bmofmu bma KFNR Mj gmormrc bm 6>>=! ma kconmrjcgrfjeîu mpt}aufof f enjec fkmjmu bm af Emjrfa bm Njmankmjenf bm acu Mufbcu ]jnbcu (EaF. fbuerncu f af mlofhfbf bm u}tfìu mj af eftnfa grfjemuf* Afu rmwmafencjmu `me`fu tcr ma bnfrnc Am Lcjbm mj fv}maaf cefunõj bmhfræj onmj eafrc v}m }jf bmafu lnuncjmu bm mucu fkmjmu umermcu! tnaafbcu ecj afu lfjcu

mj af lfuf! mrf trmenuflmjm af bm comjmr e}fav}nmr ntc bm

njgcrlfenõj murfîknef ecj ma gnj bm mwfa}fr ~ trmwmr af tcunenõj grfjemuf mj lfmrnf bm tcaìnef f}bncwnu}fa ~ mj ma æloncbm afu mamecl}jnefencjmu* Mj forna bm 6>>=! ma Bmtfrflmjc

bm Mufbc gcrl}afof }jf murfmknf mj }j bce}lmjc n}af,

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bc ]U Kacofa F}bncwnu}fa Urfmk~* Îufu mrfj afu krfjbmu aì ,jmfu8 6. Mwnfr v}m ma trnjentnc bm af mpemtenõj fta nefbf f afutmaìe}afu ~ f acu trckrflfu um `fkf mpmjunwc f acu j}mwcuumrwnencu bm ecl}jnefenõj* ?. Mwn f r af njøna brflfnxfenõj

bm acu bmofmu ucorm af nbmjnbfb e}a}rfA 5. ]nanxfr cbfu afujmkcenfencjmu v}m fgmemj f af anomrfanxfenõj bm acu ga}hcu bmnjwmrunõj ~ bm acu unumlfu bm mamecl}jnefencjmu tfrf bmumufonanxfr ma muf}c mpemtencjfa bm afu njb}urnfu e}a}rfamu* 2.Mwnfr v}m af mpemtenõj e}a}rfa kfjm fbmtcu mj crcu tfìumufamu eclc acu fjnk}cu tfìumu bma oacv}m ecl}jnuf! faaì bcjbm ucj nltcrfjmu afu njwmruncjmu jcrmflmrnefjfu* =.L}antanefr afu fanfjxfu ~ acu fe}mrbcu ecj kr}tcu m}rctmcu* 7.Rrfofhfrum f acu kr}tcu m}rctmcu ct}mucu fa trnjentnc bm mpemtenõj*

Ftmjfu mrlnjfbc ma eftì}ac EFj ftfrmenõ crc mj ma `crnxcjm8 acu krfjbmu trc~mecu bm njgrfmur}e}rf bm rmbmu bm

njgcrlfenõj mj M}rctf* Af umöfa bm ufa nbf bm mucu trc~mecuaf `foìf bfbc ma Anwrm oafje (Anorc oafjec.! trmtfrfbc tcr matrmunbmjm bm af ]jnõj! Yfev}mu Bmacru! ~ ftrcofbc mj bnenmlorm bm 6>>5 tc r ma Ecjumhc bm lnjnurcu bm af ]jnõj m}rctmf*

Fa tcmjenfr af nlfkmj! v}m ~f jc um anlnf f af v}m mlnmj afunjb}urnfu bma cenc! afu rmbmu bnknfamu af trc~mefj `fuf maecrfxõj lnulc bm af rmcrkfjnxfenõj bm acu lcbcu bm trcb}e

enõj ~ bm bnurno}enõj bm afu ucenmbfbmu `}lfjfu! u} /ermenlnmjc/! u} /ecltmnnwnbfb/ ~ u} /mltamc/* Rrmu îrlnjcu

v}m gnk}rfj mj ma ì}aclnulc bma famkfc bma trmunbmjm bm af]jnõj M}rctmf gfwcrfoam f }jf lcwnanxfenõj bma ecjh}jc bmaftfrfc njb}urnfa bm M}rctf* Mum j}mwc grmjm m}rctmc k}fr

bf rmafenõj ecj ma fu}jc bm af ucomrfjìf e}a}rfa mj ma eojmp

c læu kacofa bm af g}}rfucenmbfb

bm af njgcrlfenõj* Um rff!jn læu jn lmjcu! bm bmufrrcaafr }jf njb}urnf u}gnenmjmlmjm g}mrm tfrf nltmbnr v}m afu j}mwfu rmbmu ~ umrwnencu uõacrfjutcrmj ucg{frm gfornefbc tcr acu j}mwcu knkfjmu bm afmejcackìf l}anlmbnf ~ bm v}m jc um rmtrcb}xef ma ufabc bmgnenfrnc bm afu njb}urnfu e}a}rfamu* F`ì mu bcjbm um bmufrrc

aafræ crc mtnucbnc bma annknc m}rc,mufbc}jnbmjum* Mj cbc

efuc! fuì mu eclc ac `f mjmjbnbc! mj gmormrc bm 6>>2! NfeiWfamjn! v}m jc bmumutmrf bm v}m fakøj bìf am bmj af rfxõj8 /Mabmufrrcaacbm acu ufîanmu! bm af ecltrmunõj bnknfa ~ bm af rfjulnunõj tc r maîgcjc l}antanefræ tcr bnmx! tcr enmj! af eftfen,

bfb bm afu rmbmu efoamfbfu* ^ jc mj ma föc ?444! unjc lföfjf*

Efbf njbnwnb}c tcbræ mamknr mjrm =*444 ~ 64*444 trckrflfu ~}j tcbmr bm muf ìjbcam n`frî v}m af nbmf lnulf bm e}cfu

rmu}am fou}rbf&/ Mjcjemu! tc r }nanxfr af mptrmunõj bma umöcr

Wfamjn! um njnenfræ af mrf bm af /f}ctnuf f}bncwnu}fa/*

Mj trmwnunõj bm mucu j}mwcu rmcu mejcaõknecu! mj forna bm6>>2! ofhc ma mgmec bma Anwrm oafje! Yfev}mu Bmacru ~ Ycæc bmBm}u Tnjènrc* eclnufrnc tcr}k}îu mjefrkfbc bm af e}a}rf

~ bma umecr f}bncwnu}fa ! trmumjfofj }j Anorc wmrbm ucorm acf}bncwnu}fa* U} ì}ac8 /Ctencjmu murfîknefu tfrf ma gcrfamenlnmjc bm af njb}urnf bm trckrflfu mj ma ecjmpc bm aftcaìnef f}bncwnu}fa bm af ]jnõj M}rctmf/* U} cohmnwc8 ecjur}nr }j lfrec rmkaflmjfrnc ~ }jf ofum gnjfjenmrf ermìoamtfrf ecjrcafr af g rfklmjfenõj bm acu lmrefbcu ~ bm afu ml

trmufu bma umecr f}bncwnu}fa m}rctmcu ~ fuì }n anxfr lmhcr afu/tcmjenfanbfbmu bm af rmwca}enõj bnknfa/! mj wìfu bm rfjugcrlfr/ma lmrefbc m}rctmc mj rmc trnlcrbnfa tfrf e}fav}nmr

a}e`f mj ma lmrefbc l}jbnfa/¦ njmjfr v}m gfwcrmxef j}mwf

lmjm f M}rctf ac v}m `fuf `c~ um `f tmrenonbc eclc }jf

bmuwmjfhf8 af bnwmrunbfb e}a}rfa bm acu lnmlorcu bm af ]jnõj*Nltmbnr v}m ma Lmrefbc øjnec uõac ac umf tfrf afu ecltföìfu

jcrmflmrnefjfu* Mj ma `crnxcjm! bnrmeflmjm ankfbf f afutrmce}tfencjmu bmufrrcaafbfu mj ma Anorc oafjec! af trclmuf

bm ermfr! tfrf ma föc ?444! mjrm bcu ~ e}frc lnaacjmu bm ml

tamcu mj }jf M}rctf v}m e}mjf ecj bnmence`c lnaacjmu bmtfrfbcu* F}jv}m af engrf v}m lfjmhf mum njgcrlm cgnenfa mu!mj ctnjnõj bm l}e`cu mecjclnufu! na}ucrnf! }jf ecuf mu enmrf8 ma mutmerc bm af ernunu! bmubm mjcjemu! trc~mef ma frk}lmjc bma mltamc `fu f ma ecrfxõj bm af trfklænef bm afu

nbmjnbfbmu bcjbm um u}lf fa frm ~ f af njb}u r nf *

Onoanckrfgìf

Ofeànj! T*! @ìucìrm îecjclnv}m b} enjîlf! Tfrìu! Af Jc}wmaam

Îbnncj! 6>2; (rfb* bma famlæj\*

O}uflfjm! M* ^ Xfa ac ! _* (mbu* .! Afu njb}urnfu e}a}rfamu mj

Mutföf! Lfbrnb! Fifa! 6>00*

0*FKLFJBLFRRMaF_R

0 +Cmctcaai8fbm 66N e8}a}rf



E`frcj* 6*L* (bnr*.! AÎf& bmu lîbìfu! Tfrìu,Lcjrîfa * Af Bîec}wmrm#Ocrîfa! 6>>6*

Bmacru! H*! Anwrm oafjec Erenumfjee9 ecltînnwnî ma mltacn8 amu bîgnu m amu tnumu tc}r mjrmr bfju am wnjkn ma }jnmle mnmeìm! Or}umafu!EMM! bnenmlorm bm 6>>5*

Knrfrb! F*! /Njb}urnmu e}a}rmaamu/! G}}rnoamu! jøl* 6;! umnmlorm bm 6>;0*

K}ofei! R*! R`m Njmrjfìncjfì Gnal ajb}ur~9 [mumrj M}r}tm fjbFlîrnef unjem 6>2=! Oacclnjkcj,Acjbrmu! Njbnfjf ]jnwmrun~Trmuu! 6>7>*

Lfeornbm! U* (Njgcrlm.! W>np L}antamu! }j um}a lcjbm! Tfrìu!]JMUEC#Amu Jc}wmaamu Mbnncju Fgrnefnjmu#Af Bce}lmjf,

ncj Trfjefnum! 6>04 Yrfb* efu*8 ]j ucac l}jbc! wcemu løantamu8ecl}jnefenõj m njgcrlfenõj mj j}murc nmltc! Lîpnec! Gcjbcbm E}a}rf Mecjõlnef! 6>04\*

Lfarf}p! F*! Muv}nuum b+}jm tu~e`cackne b} enjîlf! Tfrìu! J_G!6>5> Yrfb* efu*8 Tunecackìf bma enjm! umk}nbc bm Ma `clorm ~ afe}a}rf frìunef! O}mjcu Fnrmu! H*A*! ectc 6>=>\*

Lfmafr! F*! nì*f e}a}rf ecjrf af bmlcerfenf3 Ac f}bncwnu}famj af `crf rfjujfencjfa* Mj ecafocrfenõj ecj L*L* ~ PfwnmrBmaec}r! Ofremacjf! Lnrm! 6>029 AF ecl}jnefenõj,l}jbc* @nucrnf bm afu nbmfu ~ bm afu murfmknfu! Lfbrnb! G}jbmuec! 6>>5yLîpnec! Unkac PPN! 6>>;H9 Af njwmjenõj bmaf ecl}jnefenõj! Ofremacjf! Ocue ! 6>>= yLîpnec! Unkac PPN! 6>>7H*

Lnmkm! O* (bnr*.! Eftnfanulm ma njb}urnmu e}a}rmaamu! Trmuumu}jnwmrunfnrmu bm Krmjcoam! 6>;0*

Am lcjbm bntaclfnv}m! ++A+fkcjnm bm af e}a}rm3/! Lfjnmrmu bmwcnr! jøl*a>! umnmlorm bm 6>>5*

Tnj`mnrc! HB*! Anwrm wmr u}r af tcannv}m f}bncwnu}maam bm a+]jncjm}rctîmjjm! Or}umafu! EMM! lfrxc bm 6>>2*

]JMUEC! Amu njb}urnmu e}a}rmaamu8 }j mjhm} tc}r a+fwmjnr bm afe}a}rm! Tfrìu! Trmuumu bm N +]JMUEC! 6>0?*

EFTÌR]ACU

³@fenf af l}jbnfanxfenõj

bm af e}a}rf3

/Af `}lfjnbfb um nj ufaf mj ma lcjce}anwc+ 8 um bnutcjm ftrcb}enr enwnanxfenõj bm lfufu! eclc af rmlcafe`f* Bm !crbnjfrnc! umræ u} øjnec tafc*/ Mufu tfaforfu bma fjrctcackc

Eaf}bm Aîwn,Urf}uu! v}m bffj bm acu föcu jcwmjf! na}urfj

f afu e af rfu }j umjnlnmjc v}m `f nltrmkjfbc trckrmunwf,

lmjm afu rmgmrmjenfu ucorm ma tcrwmjnr e}a}rfa bma tafjmf*Muf emjrìtmf mjbmjenf f af }jngcrlnxfenõj e}a}rfa! ofhc ma

nlt}auc bm acu }jnwmrufamu unloõanecu bma ecju}lc bm lfufu

~ bm afu rmbmu îejnefu bm af njgcrlfenõj mj nmltc rmfa! `f

unbc of}nxfbf tcr crcu fjfanufu b}rfjm acu föcu jcwmjfeclc af aõknef bm a /Leawa}jbc/! tc r af gcrlf mj v}m um `fj

l}antanefbc tcr ma tafjmf acu unkjcu bma u}möc mjeflfbc mj

ma gfu,gccb* Mum umrìf ma rno}c bma anormeflonc ~ bm af gcrlfenõj bm lferclmrefbcu øjnecu mj }j l}jbc v}m um `f clf,

bc læu nmltc bma v} m ermìf ma tfbrm bm af mecjclìf eaæunef!Fbfl Uln`! tfrf feembmr f af gfum bma /faamr øjnec/! ecjwmr, nbc! krfenfu f af anorm enre}afenõj bm lmrefjeìfu! mj af t n m b r zbm cv}m bm af /rmtøoanef mecjõlnef }jnwmrufa/* Mj afu fj ìtcbfu bm muf rmtrmumjfenõj ecamenwf! fak}jcu tnmjufj v}m

af `clckmjnxfenõj jc muæ bm fe}fanbfb mj ma tafjmf! u z l m r ¬knbc eclc 64 muæ tcr afu grfe}rfu ucenfamu ~ mecjõlnefu ~

tcr afu ernutfencjmu jfencjfanufu! njea}nbcu acu rmtanmk}mu bmafu nbmjnbfbmu*

³Mj v} î lmbnbf mufu gnk}rfu bnwnbnbfu mjrm bcu mprmlcu

bfj e}mjf bma ecltamhc bmwmjnr bm af e}a}rf ~ afu e}a}rfu3³Eõlc un}fr muf gfum `nuõrnef bm af mwca}enõj bm j}murfu

ucenmbfbmu unj efmr mj afu rfltfu bm afu tfaforfu `}mefu! bm,eanjfencjmu u}emunwfu bm af jcenõj bm `clckmjmnxfenõj! mu,

/Lcr}p}a}rm/ mj ma crnknjfa* Rîrlnjc v}m h}mkf e}j af nbmjnbfb (/e}a}rm/.!

mj grfjeîu! bm afu wcemu /e}a}rf/ ~ /e}anwc/ (J* bma *.*

0*F_LFJBLFRRMAF_R

0;CmctcNaaef bm af e8}a}l



fjbfrnxfbõj ~ lfungnefenõj! v} m jc `fj bmhfbc bm trcangmrfr3 Tfrf rmutcjbmr f mufu trmk}jfu! bfrmlcu }j rcbmc tcr

af kmjmfackìf bm mucu îrlnjcu v}m! mj ma rfjue}ruc bma nmltc `fj mptrmufbc! ~ tfrf fak}jcu unk}mj mptrmufjbc! ma mufbc bma l}jbc ~ u} trcofoam mwca}enõj*

Fjnentfencjmu ecj af gnrlf bm @* K* [maauAf nbmf bm v}m mpnum }jf njma}efoam mjbmjenf f af }jngnefenõj e}a}rfa bma l}jbc jc mu bm `c~* ]jf bm u}u trnlmrfugcrl}afencjmu mu ecjmltcræjmf bma bmufrrcaac bm afu trnlm

rfu rmbmu îejnefu mj ma unkac PNP* G}jbfbcr bm a lcbmrjc lcbc

bm ecl}jnefenõj ecj ma gmrrcefrrna ! ma maîkrfgc maîernec! maefoam u}olfrnjc! ma maîgcjc! af ecl}jnefenõj unj `nacu! acuofrecu bm wftcr! acu efjfamunjmrcemæjnecu! mum unkac! v}m funum

f acu trnlmrcu tfucu bma trnjentnc bm anormeflonc! tmum f jc

rn}jgfr ucorm acu trcmeencjnufu rmeìtrcecu bm afu krfjbmu

tcmjenfu rnwfamu! flonîj wm eõlc gacrmemj acu trnlmrcu bnu

e}rucu ucorm af e}fanbfb fkaclmrfjm bm afu rmbmu bm ecl}jnefenõj* ^ff gnjfamu bm mum unkac! afu ecjemtencjmu oncrjõrgnefubm 64 ucenfa v}m bclnjfj ma mutìrn} bma nmltc `femj v} m

l}e`cu bnkfj v}m af feenõj bm mucu wmecrmu bma wìje}ac rfjugrcjmrnxc `f rfjugcrlfbc ma tafjmf mj }j knkfjmuec crkfjnulc! e}~fu tfrmu ucj cbfu njmrbmtmjbnmjmu ~ ucanbfrnfu*Lnmjrfu v}m fak}jcu njmjfj mv}ntfrfr af wnecrnf ucorm ma

mutfenc ~ ma nmltc lmbnfjm îejnefu bm ecl}jnefenõj f afrkf bnufjenf ecj af bmuftfrnenõj bm afu bmunk}fabfbmu mjrm afubnunjfu ucenmbfbmu v}m ecltcjmjma kacoc! crcu munlfj v}m

ma gfo}acuc trckrmuc bm acu lmbncu bm rfjutcrm ~ bm ecl}jnefenõj trc~mef f af `}lfjnbfb `fenf }jf a}e`f tc r af u}

trmlfeìf bm enmrfu ucenmbfbmu ucorm crfu ~ mjkmjbrf }jfj}mwf hmrfrv}ìf bm jfencjmu* Muf a}e`f clf af gcrlf bm }j

mjgrmjflnmjc bm ntc bfr{njnfjc tc r af `mkmlcjìf anjkñìunef*

³V}î amjk}f trmwfamemræ lföfjf mj M}rctf ~ mj ma l}jbc3

~ h}jc ecj af amjk}f! a}kfr u}trmlc mj ma v}m um bmg njm afnbmjnbfb e}a}rfa jfencjfa! Xv}î e}a}rf ackrfræ nltcjmrum3

Muf mu af trmk}jf v}m um tafjmf ma jcwmanuf @mromr Kmcrkm[maau (6077,6>27.ecj ma eflonc bm unkac mj }jf corf bm enmjenf,gneenõj n}afbf Fjrnentfencjmu9 }jf trmk}jf! mj mgmec!

efjbmjm* Mj af træenef! Grfjenf! e}~f amjk}f `f u nbc af ìnj,k}f grfjef bm afu rmafencjmu njmrjfencjfamu bmubm ma gnjfa bm afk}mrrf bm acu Rrmnjf Föcu ~ ma rffbc bm [mugfanf (6720.~f`f ecltrcofbc eõlc ma ofuflmjc bm u} trmbclnjnc anjkñìunec um gnu}rfof ofhc acu mlofmu bm crcu nbnclfu* Tfrf `femr

g rmj m f mu f /a}e`f bm amjk}fu mj af u}tmrgnenm bma kacoc/!ermõ! mj 6005! af Fanfjxf grfjemuf! /fucenfenõj jfencjfa tfrf af

trctfkfenõj bm af amjk}f grfjemuf mj afu ecacjnfu ~ mj ma mprfjhmrc/*

Mj u} fjæanunu trcutmenwc! [maau jc ecltfrm mj jnjkøj efucma bnfkjõunec v}m h}ungnef af g}jbfenõj bm af Fanfjxf grfjemuf,bnfkjõunec v}m tfrmem bfr tcr umjfbf af u}trmlfeìf bm afamjk}f njkamuf, ~ um trmce}tf tc r ma f}km bm crcu ecltmnbcrmu ! ma r}uc! ma mutföca ~ ma tcr}k}îu* Umkøj ma f}cr ornæjnec! tfrf ma föc ?444! bcu c rmu amjk}fu tcbræj /trmmjbmr

ma nltmrnc bma l}jbc/* Tmrc af ecltmnenõj trnjentfa mjbræa}kfr mjrm ma grfjeîu ~ ma njkaîu* Uõac af u}mrm bma e`njc ~ mahftcjîu unk}m unmjbc }jf njeõkjnf* _mutmec f u} rnwfa bnrme

c! ma grfjeîu bnutcjm bm nltcrfjmu rn}jgcu tfrf kfjfr aftfrnbf* Mltmxfjbc tcr M}rctf bcjbm um njnenfræ ma mremrlnamjnc ecj ma e}ltanlnmjc bma u}möc bm af Ecjgmbmrfenõj

m}rctmf! wnua}lorfbf f eclnmjxcu bma unkac PNP tcr Eaf}bm@mjrn bm Ufnj,Unlcj* ^ v}nmj rmnjm ucorm ma ecjnjmjm }mafr bm af enwnanxfenõj }jnwmrufa rmutafjbmemræ ucorm ma }jnwmruc*Ma grfjeîu bmomrìf mpmjbmr u} njga}mjenf tcrv}m ma tøoanecmpt}muc f u} e}a}rf /u}tmrf ecj l}e`c afu grcjmrfu bm u}

unumlf tcaìnec/* Af trnjentfa wmjfhf bm af amjk}f bm Bmuefrmu rmu nbm mj v}m afu corfu v}m um t}oanefj mj Grfjenf ucj bmfac jnwma enmjìgnec! gnacuõgnec ~ anmrfrnc* Af un}fenõj mu l}~

bnunjf mj acu tfìumu bm amjk}f njkamuf! ~ ucorm cbc mj Njkafmrrf! bcjbm trmbclnjfj afu /jcwmafu fbftfbfu f af lmjfan bfb bm afu l}hmrmu! c bm acu jnöcu ~ acu `clormu bm jmkcencuu}tmrce}tfbcu! `nucrnfu bmunjfbfu f ftafefr fjmu v}m f munl}afr af rmgampnõj ~ v}m ucj acu øjnecu anorcu rmjfoamu tfrfma mbncr ~ ma f}cr/* Ufawc }j /rmjfenlnmjc e}a}rfa/ ~ }j

eflonc bm fen}b tc r tfrm bm af /rmb}enbf eafum v}m lcjc

tcanxf af bnrmeenõj bm acu jmkcencu! njeftfx bm ecltrmjbmr afunkjngnefenõj tcaìnef bma fu}jc bm af amjk}f/! ma njkaîu jc

t}mbm futnrfr f bmufachfr fa grfjeîu bm af tcunenõj v}m ce}tf*

Unj mlofrkc! ~ unmltrm umkøj [maau! cbfu mufu g}mrxfu v}m

wfj mj ecjrf bm a /lfjmjnlnmjc bm unumlfu ucenfamu acef,

00

Fa+LFJBLFRRMAF_R



amu/ ~ mjeflnjfj fa l}jbc `fenf af fbctenõj bm }jf c bcu

/amjk}fu fka}njfjmu/! ~ v}m îa bmb}em mprftcafjbc afu rmfa nbfbmu bm u} nmltc (acu lcwnlnmjcu tfjflmrnefjcu! tfj

kmrlfjnufu! tfjmuafwcu! meîmrf.! jc nltanefj jmemufrnflmjmaf `clckmjmnbfb* Tcrv}m /e}fjc læu krfjbm umf ma crkfjnulc ucenfa! læu ecltamhfu ~ bnwmrufu umræj afu tfrmu! læu ecltanefbcu ~ wfrnfbcu umræj acu h}mkcu eclonjfbcu bm af e}a}rf!

afu ecjga}mjenfu/* Mj ma föc ?444! af l}antanefenõj bm afu gcrlfu læu bnwmrufu bm ecl}jnefenõj! acu ecjfecu! acu wnfhmu!acu rfjutcrmu! `foræj coankfbc fa l}jbc f mufoamemr }j/ecltrclnuc onanjkñm/! tc r ma v}m efbf ecl}jnbfb `fræ }uc

bm }jf amjk}f bm wcefenõj me}lîjnef ~ bm af u}~f! anlnfbf faælonc bm efbf ecl}jnbfb mj ecjermc*

B}rfjm cbf u} wnbf! ma ucenfanuf [maau! frbnmjm bmgmjucr bmaf tfx ~ }jc bm acu trnlmrcu tfrnbfrncu bm af mjmrkìf fõlnefecj gnjmu tfeìgnecu! mufræ coumuncjfbc tcr af }jngnefenõj bma

l}jbc lmbnfjm af amjk}f* Mj u} jcwmaf gfjæunef R`m[crab

Um& Grmm! t}oanefbf tcec fjmu bm af Trnlmrf K}mrrf L}jbnfa!

~ v}m `foræ bm mutmrfr `fuf 6>>= tfrf umr rfb}enbf fa grfjeîu! rfjutcrf fa a mecr f }j l}jbc mj ma v}m! f rfìx bm }j

ecjganec tafjmfrnc! afu oclofu fõlnefu uõac `fj bmhfbc r}njfu* Af wnmhf enwnanxfenõj `f unbc ofrrnbf ~ af `}lfjnbfb ackrfecjrcafr muf j}mwf gcrlf bm mjmrkìf ~ mltrmjbm af ecjur}eenõj bm }jf j}mwf enwnanxfenõj* ]j ecjkrmuc l}jbnfa! mamknbc tf r cbcu! njnenf af mrf bm af tamjf anomrfb bm njmrtmafenõj!af anomrfb bm erìnef! af anomrfb bm enre}afenõj* Muf trmce}tf

enõj tcr af }jngnefenõj bmuftfrmem tcec f tcec! bmut}îu bm

`fomr mafocrfbc }jf amjk}f }jnwmrufa øjnef ~ }j f }jnbfb

lcjmfrnf øjnef* [maau mjafxf fuì ecj ma wnmhc u}möc bma }c

tnuf grfjeîu E`framu Gc}rnmr (6;;?,605;. v}nmj! ~f mjcjemu!wmìf mj af /}jnbfb bm amjk}fhm! lmbnbfu! unkjcu ntckrægnecu ~wìfu bm ecl}jnefenõj/! af kfrfjìf bm af frlcjìf }jnwmrufa*

Af /(jcrm.flmrnefjnxfenõj/

Um ufom ac v}m `f ce}rrnbc ecj afu trcgmeìfu bm @*K*[maau mje}fjc fa a}kfr bm af amjk}f }jnwmrufa bma föc ?444* Af nrr}tenõj bm afu njb}urnfu e}a}rfamu `f tafjmfbc trcoamlfu f afjcenõj bm faf e}a}rf! `mrmbfbf bm af Na}u rfenõj! ~ `f nju faf bc f af trcb}eenõj e}a}rfa bm lfufu mj ma t}muc bm lfjbc

bm afu murfmknfu bm bng}u nõj njmrjfencjfa * F gnjfamu bm acuföcu wmnjm! J}mwf ^cri um ecjwnmrm mj ma emjrc bm af j}mwf

mecjclìf,l}jbc! bmubm ma e}fa um bnurno}~mj mj eìre}acuecjeîjrnecu afu crfu tcmjenfu! afu jfencjmu njmrlmbnfu ~acu tfìumu bm af tmrngmrnf * F tfrnr bm muf gme`f! fak}jcu ermfbcrmu m njmame}famu m}rctmcu um fafrlfj fjm ma bmunk}fa mje}mjrc mjrm acu trcb}ecu e}a}rfamu lfj}gfe}rfbcu tc r

afu njb}urnfu bm }j J}mwc L}jbc v}m `f rmjxfbc ìjnlfurmafencjmu mjrm ma enjm ~ ma tcbmr gnjfjenmrc! ~ af rfbnenõj bmaf e}a}rf eaæunef bma Wnmhc ecjnjmjm* U}rkm }jf jcenõj v}m

munklfnxf muf ecjlcenõj bm ernmrncu bm ac }jnwmrufa8 af/(jcrm.flmrnefjnxfenõj/*

Muf mptrmunõj trmmjbm enre}juernonr af flmjfxf mpmrncr v}mrmtrmumjf af njwmrunõj bm afu rmafencjmu bm trmmlnjmjenf e}a}rfa* /E}fjbc mum îrlnjc ac mltamfj acu m}rctmcu ,,muernoìf ma mjuf~nuf [fabc Grfji,! mj muf îtcef bm ofue}afencjmubm afu `mkmlcjìfu e}a}rfamu! um rmgnmrm mutmeìgneflmjm f afuefrfemrìunefu bm af h}jkaf flmrnefjf ~ bm u} e}ac bma tcbmr*

Wca}jfb njbnwnb}fa! lfv}njnulc! bmlcerfenf krmkfrnf! mv}ntfrfenõj tcr fofhc! njb}urnfanxfenõj! fanuflnmjc! rmanknõj bm

af trctnmbfb! lfmrnfanulc! meîmrf9 um ecjunbmrf v}m cbc

muc mu flmrnefjc ~ v}m rmtrmumjf }j tmankrc v} m flmjfxf!

bmubm ma mpmrncr! fa mutìrn} m}rctmc*/ F mucu m}rctmcu ftmuf»b}lorfbcu! [fabc Grfji amu rmtanef v}m! fuì bmgnjnbf! af flm

rnefjnxfenõj jc mu læu v}m /}jf mjgmrlmbfb bm M}rctf!

rfjulnnbf f Flîrnef tcr `clormu bm trcembmjenf ~ e}a}rf

m}rctmfu/ * Acu fe}uf bm o}uefr }j e`nwc mptnfcrnc bma crc

afbc bma Faæjnec ~ bm muv}nwfr fuì! efrnef}rnxfjbc f Flîrnef! e}fav}nmr fjæanunu ucorm afu ef}ufu rmfamu bm af ernunu v}m

fgmef fa /m}rctmìulc/* Ernunu v}m! }jf wmx gnjfanxfbf af Krfj

K}mrrf! ma famlæj Cu{fab Utmjkamr bnfkjcuneõ eclc /bmefbmjenf bm Ceenbmjm/* Muf mjgmrlmbfb bm enwnanxfenõj fcrlmjfræ f j}lmrcucu gnaõucgcu ~ muerncrmu b}rfjm ma tmrìcbc

bm mjrmk}mrrfu*

Umkøj rmecrbfof mj 6>>4 ma gnaõucgc Yfev}mu Bmrrnbf! b}rfjm}j bmofm ucorm ma g}}rc bm af nbmjnbfb m}rctmf! Tf}a Wfaîr~! mj wìutmrfu bm a umìulc v}m fucafrìf M}rctf ~ ma l}jbc!

nbmjngnefof eclc }jf /ernunu bma mutìrn}/ muf ernunu bm af nbmjnbfb m}rctmf! bm af }jnwmrufanbfb bm af v}m rmutcjbìf* /E}a,

*4F_LFJBLF*RRMAF_R

*!

7mctcNNaEaa bm NBla}l



}rf! enwnanxfenõj! muernoìf Wfaîr~ mj 6>5>mj Af Anomrî bmì+mutrì!ucj jclormu ofu fjm wfkcu v}m t}mbm }jc mjrmmjmrum mj

bngmrmjenfr! ctcjmr c ecjh}kfr* ^c jc ac `frî* Tfrf lì! um rffbm }j eftnfa v}m um gcrlf*** Mj trnlmr a}kfr muæ ecjun}nbc

tc r ecufu! cohmcu lfmrnfamu ,anorcu! e}fbrcu! njur}lmjcu!

meîmrf, v}m nmjmj u} b}rfenõj trcofoam! u} grfknanbfb! u}trmefrnmbfb bm ecufu* Tmrc mum lfmrnfa jc ofuf* Bma lnulc

lcbc v}m }j a njkcm bm crc! }jf `meærmf bm o}mjf nm rrf c}jf læv}njf fltcec ucj eftnfamu un gfafj `clormu v}m acu

jmemunmj ~ umtfj }nanxfracu* Rmjkfj mj e}mjf mufu bcu ecjbnencjmu* Tfrf v}m ma lfmr nf a bm af e}a}rf umf }j eftnfa! mpn,km! f u} wmx! af mp nu mje nf bm `clormu v}m 64jmemunmj ~ v}m

t}mbfj }nanxfrac ,m u bmenr! `clormu v}m mjkfj umb bm ecjc,e nlnmjcu ~ bm eftfenbfb bm rfjugcrlfencjmu njmrncrmu! umbbm bmufrrcaac bm u} umjunona nbfb9 ~ v}m umtfj! tc r crf tfrm!

fbv}nrnr c mhmremr acu `æoncu! af bnuentanjf njmame}fa! afu ecjwmjencjmu ~ afu træenefu v}m um rmv}nmrmj tfrf }nanxfr ma frum,jfa bm bce}lmj c u ~ bm nju r}lmjcu v}m acu unkacu `fj

fe}l}afbc*/ F`crf onmj! ac v}m trcwcef af ernunu bm mum eftn,

fa mu af bmuftfrnenõj bm mucu `clormu v}m/ ufoìfj ammr8 wnr}bv}m um `f tmrbnbc/! mucu `clormu v}m /ufoìfj cìr m njea}ucmue}e`fr/! v}m /ufoìfj wmr! rmammr! wcawmr f cìr ~ wmr/*

Ma ftckmc bm afu trcmufu

B}rfjm af tcuk}mrrf! ma îpnc fecltföf f af jcenõj bm flmrn,efjnxfenõj v}m wnmjm f unkjngnefr af ftfrnenõj bm }jf e}a}rf

bcfbf bma tcbmr bm }one}nbfb ~ bclnjfbf tc r af u}tmrtc

mjenf jcrmflmrnefjf* Trcwnuf c jc bm u}u ecjjcfencjmu

lcrfamu! af bmj}jenf bm af /flmrnefjnxfenõj/ um ecjwnmrm mj

}j a}kfr bm mje}mjrc bm ecjgmuncjmu ~ lcwnlnmjcu bm tmjuflnmjc l}~ b nwmr ucu* Mj af M}rctf bm af rmecjur}eenõj!

unrwm bm lfrec bm rmgmrmjenf tfrf fjfanxfr afu trcacjkfencjmu

e}a}rfamu bma tafj Lfru`faa! efofaac bm Rrc~f ecj ma e}fa fga},~mj bmubm ma crc afbc bma Faæjnec jc uõac afu lmrefjeìfu

unjc flonîj acu lcbmacu bm rmgmrmjenf f umk}nr* Af lcbmrjn

xfenõj bma ftfrfc mecjõlnec! krfenfu f af njrcb}eenõj bm af`}lfj mjknjmmrnjk ~ bma lfjfkmlmj! `f unkjngnefbc af nltcr

fe nõj bm unumlfu bm wfacrmu! bm /mejcackìfu ucenfamu/! e}~fgnjfanbfb `f unbc af /flmrnefjnxfenõj bm af ucenmbfb grfjem,uf/! umkøj ac umöfafræ læu fbmafjm! mj 6>0?! ma ucenõackc A}e

Ocafjuin! mj u} corf ucorm af ftfrnenõj bm af efmkcrìf ucenfabm acu /mhme}nwcu/ c /e}fbrcu/* Af rmunumjenf f afu mpnkmjenfue}a}rfamu bmatafjLfru`faa flonîjlcnwf mj Grfjenf af fbct

enõj bm }jf tcaìnef enjmlfckrægnef eftfx bm ecjrfrrmufr af`mkmlcjìf bm @caa~{ccb*

B}rfjm acu föcu umumjf! bîefbf bm af rmomanõj mj acu eflt}umufbc}jnbmjumu! bm afu krfjbmu lfjngmufencjmu ecjrf afk}mrrf bm Wnmjfl! bm af trcmuf mu}bnfjna e}~c uìlocac

g}m ma Lf~c bma 70 mj Grfjenf! ~ bm acu lcwnlnmjcu bm ucanbf,rnbfb ecj ma Rmremr L}jbc! af erì nef f af flmrnefjnxfeìõj um

ecjg}jbnõ ecj ma rme`fxc bm af e}a}rf bm lfufu trcb}enbf

tc r af /ucenmbfb bm af fo}jbfjenf/! ma rme`fxc bm muf /e}a}

rf bm af ucenmbfb bma mutmeæe}ac/! muf /[mafjue`f}}jk v}m

a amkõ f umr mgmenwf! lfmrnfalmjm rfb}enbf/! bm muf /wnunõjcohmnwfbf bma l}jbc/ ucorm af /u}tmrgnenm ucenfa bm efbf ecj

njmjm/! eclc muernoìf mj 6>7;! mj u} anorc bm e}ac! Af ucenîî

b} utmefe6m E}~ Bmocrb! }jc bm acu g}jbfbcrmu bm af Njmrjf

encjfa un}fencjnuf*

Unk}nmjbc ma r nlc bm nltafjfenõj bm afu bnunjfu kmjmrfenc,jmu bm îejnefu mamerõjnefu! af jcenõj bm flmrnefjnxfenõj nju,

tnrf flonîj af bmj}jenf bm af un}fenõj bm bmtmjbmjenf bm

acu tfìumu bma Rmremr L}jbc rmutmec bm acu ga}hcu bm mptcrf,enõj bm trcb}ecu e}a}rfamu bm crnkmj mufbc}jnbmjum* Mucufjæanunu muæj mj ecjucjfjenf ecj afu rmw}mafu ecjrf ma /nl

tmrnfanulc e}a}rfa/ ~ ecj afu rmnwnjbnefencjmu bm mlfjentf

enõj e}a}rfa unj af e}fa af njbmtmjbmjenftcaìnef rmenmjmlmjm

fbv}nrnbf tfrmem }jf tfaforf `}mrf* Af jcenõj bm /nltmrnf,anulc e}a}rfa/ jc efm bm afu j}omu8 `f fbv}nrnbc efrf bm jf

}rfamxf b}rfjm ma Ecjkrmuc bm af E}a}rf! emamorfbc f

eclnmjxcu bm 6>70 (e}frc lmumu bmut}îu bm af l}mrm! mj

Ocanwnf! bma E`m E}mwmrf. mj Af @fofjf! bcjbm mufof trm

umjm af gacr ~ jff bm af njmame}fanbfb m}rctmf bm nxv}nmr,bfu! fjmu bm u} ucjfbf r}t}rf! mj 6>;6! ecj af _mwca}enõje}ofjf* Mjrm acu tfrnentfjmu gnk}rfofj Hcrkm Umltrøj!

Lne`ma Amnrn u! @* L* Mjxmjuomrkmr! _cuufjf _cuufjbf! Mrne@couof{j8 Ymfj,Tf}a Ufrrm! f}umjm! `foìf mjwnfbc }j lmj

ufhm bm ftc~c* Mj mum krfj mje}mjrc rnecjnjmjfa mj crjc

fa mlf /Ma njmame}fa~ afu a}e`fu bm anomrfenõj bm acu t}moacubma Rmremr L}jbc/! ma muerncr frkmjnjc H}anc Ecræxfr `foìf

FgWQcQFJBLFRRM**Fl/

7mctcN6rNefbm+/ e}ar6{aa



afjxfbc }jf grfum v}m `nenmrcj u}~f cbcu acu tfrnentfjmu8/a+Ncbc njmame}fa tmrmjmem fa Rmremr L}jbc&/* Muf mftf

e}alnjf mj acu föcu ummjf! v}m um efrfemrnxfj tcr acu famkfcu bma Lcwnlnmjc bm Tfìumu jc Fanjmfbcu mj gfwcr bm }j

/j}mwc crbmj l}jbnfa bm af njgcrlfenõj ~ af ecl}jnefenõj/!

mj tfrfamac ecj acu mug}mrxcu bmutamkfbcu tcr ma kr}tc bm acu;; tfrf lcbngnefr acu îrlnjcu bma njmreflonc eclmrenfa f

rfwîu bm }j /j}mwc crbmj mecjõlnec l}jbnfa/* B}rfjm mufu bîefbfu lnanfjmu bm fjæanunu ecjrfufbcu ~ bm rfbnefamumjgrmjflnmjcu! tcecu g}mrcj acu v}m um fecrbfrcj bm af umk}jbf wmrnmjm bm afu Fjnentfencjmu bm [maau! c umf! bm af mjbmjenf f acu er}emu ~ f afu eclonjfencjmu løantamu bm afu

e}a}rfu* Tmrlfjmenõ af nbmf bm v}m ma l}jbc um bnrnkìf trmentnfbflmjm `fenf af }jngcrlnxfenõj bm acu lcbcu bm wnbf f

rfwîu bma ecju}lc bm trcb}ecu mufjbfrnxfbcu! wmecrmu bma

Flmrnefj [f~ cg Anhm! mj }j lmrefbc lfunwc bm bnlmjuncjmu

l}jbnfamu* Fbcrlmenbfu tc r }j lmrefbc mj ma v}m mje}mj

rfj tcecu ecltmnbcrmu eftfemu bm rnwfanxfr ecj maafu! afu

trctnfu gnrlfu l}anjfencjfamu jcrmflmrnefjfu fbctfrcj maîrlnjc bm flmrnefjnxfenõj tfrf bmjclnjfr af ecjb}ef bmu}u løantamu nltafjfencjmu*

@fenf af /ucenmbfb kacofa/

Afu tnufu! jc coufjm! mltnmxfj f ecjg}jbnrum f af w}maf bm

acu föcu umumjf* @femj u} ftfrnenõj afu jcencjmu bm /fabmf

kacofa/ (c /fabmf tafjmfrnf/. ~ bm /ucenmbfb kacofa/* Mufumptrmuncjmu nmjbmj f u}trnlnr af a ìjmf bm bmlfrefenõj mjrm

}jf tcmjenf e}a}rfalmjm `mkmlõjnef ~ afu rmufjmu jf

encjmu ~ f manlnjfr ma `me`c bm afu bngmrmjenfu ~ afu bngmrmjenf

encjmu*

Mj af jfwm Rnmrrf! ecjwmrnbf mj /mfrc kacofa/ krfenfu f afnjufjfjmnbfb mamwnu}fa! acu tøoanecu um `f j ecjwmrnbc mj

fecrmu! mj trcb}ecrmu! fjmu v}m mj ecju}lnbcrmu* Rcbcu ummje}mjrfj mj ma lnulc efuc mj }j l}jbc v}m um `f ecjwmrnbc mj } jf /fabmf kacofa/* Mu af ecjea}unõj f af v}m! mj }jf

corf n}afbf K}mrrm ma tfnp bfju am wnaafkm tafjîfnrm! t}oanefbfmj 6>70! aamkfj ma efjfbnmjum Lfru`faa LeA}`fj ~ u} ecamkfV}mjnj Gncrm bm af k}mrrf bm Wnmjfl! af trnlmrf k}mrrf mj

bnrmec! af trnlmrf /k}mrrf bm mamwnunõj/* Ma j}mwc mjcrjc

bm af mejcackìf mamerõjnef v}m feøf bm gcrlf tmrlfjmjm

ucorm ma umjucrn}l ,föfbm,! jc uõac ecjb}em fa gnj bm af b nec clìf mjrm enwnamu ~ lnanfrmu! unjc v}m trct}auf `fenf ma trc

krmuc! f lfre`fu gcrxfbfu bm mrrncrncu jc njb}urnfanxfbcu

eclc E`njf! Njbnf ~ Fgrnef* Mj muf wnunõj bma l}jbc eclc

/fabmf tafjmfrnf/ cbc ce}rrìf mj wnr}b bma lmrc nltmrfnwc

mejcaõknec! }j lîbn}l trmu}jflmjm jm}rc! rfjutfrmj

m ~ }jnwmrufa v}m nltcjm u} am~ mlfjentfbcrf* Bm f`ì f manlnjfr af ecltamhnbfb bm afu e}a}rfu ~ afu ucenmbfbmu mj afuv}m mucu lmjufhmu fmrrnxfofj ~ fe}fofj! uõac `foìf }j tfuc*Ftcbmræjbcum bm muf ecjemtenõj bmmrlnjnuf! crcu mõrnecu af ecjwnrnmrcj mj }j frlf tfrf af k}mrrf bm afu nbmfu! mj

}jf îtcef efrfemrnxfbf tc r ma f}km bm af trcmuf ucenfa mj

cbc ma l}jbc! trcacjkæjbcaf `fuf u}u øanlfu ecjume}mj

enfu8 ma fbwmjnlnmjc bm afu j}mwfu mejcackìfu bm njgcrlf

enõj ~ ecl}jnefenõj fj}jenfof ma /gnj bm afu nbmcackìfu/! maf}km bm }jf j}mwf nbmf bm eflonc ucenfa v} m ecjwmrìf mj

coucamf af wnmhf coumunõj bm afu rmwca}encjmu tcaìnefu* Tcrv}maf /rmwca}enõj bm afu ecl}jnefencjmu/! tcrfbcrf bm }jf /rmwca}enõj l}jbnfa/ (mum muackfj tfrf ma krfj tøoanec u}rkm

trmenuflmjm b}rfjm af umk}jbf lnfb bm acu föcu umumjf.!~f `foìf mltmxfbc! umkøj maacu! f uca}encjfr trcoamlfu v}m

af tcaìnef mufof amhcu bm `fomr rmu}mac* Tcr crf tfrm! u}o~fem }j `nac bm Frnfbjf mj mum lnc bma gnj bm afu nbmcackìfu8 afrf~mecrnf bm af jcenõj bm `clckmjmnxfenõj bm afu e}a}rfu ~afu ucenmbfbmu*

Mj 6>7>! ma tcanõackc Xonkjnm{ Orxmxnjuin! g}}rc ecjumhmrc

mj lfmrnf bm umk}rnbfb jfencjfa bma trmunbmjm bm Mufbcu]jnbcu |nll~ Eærmr! t}oanef Om{mmj r{c Fkmu! u}on}afbc

Flmrnef+u _cam nj `m Rme`jmrcjne Mrf! rfb}enbc fa grfjeîu mj

6>;6 ecj ma ì}ac Af rîwca}ancj me`jîrcjnv}m! mj }jf ecameenõj bnrnknbf tc r ma ucenõackc _f~lcjb Frcj* Ecj muf corf

um tmjmrf mj af kmctcaìnef mj af mrf bm af rmwca}enõj enmjìgnec,mejcaõknef* Rrff! mj mgmec! bma mutfenc,l}jbc ~ ma a}kfr

v}m mj îa ce}tf! ~ bmomrìf ce}tfr mj acu bmemjncu wmjnbmrcu!

af u}tmrtcmjenf Mufbcu ]jnbcu mj u} ecltmnenõj ecj afcrf u}tmrtcmjenf! af ]jnõj Ucwnînef* Umkøj njbnef ma ì}acbm af mbnenõj njkamuf! Mufbcu ]jnbcu frfwnmuf mjcjemu tcr

}j tmrìcbc bm rfjunenõj* Ucj acu trnlmrcu mj ufanr bm af mrf

njb}urnfa tfrf mjrfr mj af mrf bm af /ucenmbfb mejcrõjnef/!

F_LFJBLFRRMAFgNR

gnmctcNaif bm af {a}rf



af mrf bm af ecltamhnbfb e}a}rfa ~ ucenfa v}m am ecjgnmrm f acu

trcemucu tcaìnecu }j efræemr kacofa* Acu e}frc gfecrmu bmatcbmr ~ af njmkrfenõj ,frrjfu* lmbncu bm ecl}jnefenõj! mec

jclìfu! nbmcackìf, muæj ecjwnrnîjbcum mj l}jbnfamu* Afjcenõj bm kacofanbfb! tcr ecjunk}nmjm! mu g}jbflmjfa* Ma

l}jbc jc mu }jf /fabmf kacofa/! unjc }jf /en}bfb kacofa/tcrv}m

aculmbncu bm ecl}jnefenõj

~ af njgcrlænef`fj

ermfbc }jf /ucenmbfb bm mamlmjcu mprfcrbnjfrnflmjm mjrmaf

xfbcu/! }j /j}bc bm rmafencjmu njmrbmtmjbnmjmu! jmrwncufu!

fknfbfu ~ mjufu/ ! f af njwmruf bm af /ecjgnfjxf l}}f ~ afmufonanbfb rmegtrceflmje rmgcrxfbf v}m efrfemrnxfj af njnlnbfb bm }jf fabmf/*

Mj mum l}jbc mjrmafxfbc! Mufbcu ]jnbcu rmtrmumjf af/trnlmrf ucenmbfb kacofa bm af `nu crnf/! trnjentfa emjrc bm

trctfkfenõj bm af rmwca}enõj mejcrõjnef* Mu af ucenmbfb v}m

/ecl}jnef/ læu v} m crf e}fav}nmrf! cbf wmx v}m 7=- bma

ecjh}jc bm afu ecl}jnefencjmu l}jbnfamu tfrmj bm maaf ~

v}m mu af v}m aamwf læu wmjfhf mj af t}muf f t}jc bm }je}fbrc l}jbnfa bm af njgcrlfenõj* Tmrc! ~ îum mu ma t}jc

eafwm bma fjæanunu bm Orxmxnjuin! mu af øjnef mj `fomr ecjumk}n

bc trctcjmr }j lcbmac kacofa bm lcbmrjnbfb! muv}mlfu bm

ecltcrflnmjc ~ wfacrmu }jnwmrufamu * ^f umf f rfwîu bm u}u

trcb}eencjmu e}a}rfamu c bm u}u lcbfu* Trmenuflmjm tc r

mum efræemr kacofa mu tcr ac v}m rmu}af efbf wmx læu njfbm

e}fbc `foafr bm u} njga}mjenf mj ma l}jbc ~ bm u}u rmafencjmu

ecj acu crcu t}moacu mj îrlnjcu bm nltmrnfanulc* Mum îr

lnjc! tcr 64 bmlæu! uõac mu wæanbc! umkøj Xonkjnm{ Orxmxnju

in! tfrf ma ormwm tmrìcbc bm /rmfeenõj tfufhmrf fjm ma wfeìcermfbc tc r af Umk}jbf K}mrrf L}jbnfa ~ ma lnmbc fa ecl}

jnulc/* Af bng}unõj bm af rmwca}enõj mejcaõknec,enmjìgneflfbm nj ]UF `f eflonfbc rfbnefalmjm acu bfcu bma trcoam

lf* Af g}mrxf bm mu f rmwca}e nõj mu fa v}m /njenf f acu tfìumulmjcu fwfjxfbcu f nlnfr f acu læu fwfjxfbcu ~ f nltcrfr

j}mwcu lîcbcu! îejnefu ~ træenefu bm crkfjnxfenõj/* Muf

j}mwf mrf! un}fbf ofhc acu f}utnencu bm af øjnef ucenmbfb kacofa mpnumjm! `fem v}m af `}lfjnbfb tfum bm af /bntaclfenf

bm af eföcjmrf/ f af /bntaclfenf bm afu rmbmu/! b m }jf ucenm

bfb bm ecjgrcjfenõj f }jf ucenmbfb l}jbnfa ofufbf mj afoøuv}mbf bm }j j}mwc ecjumjuc*

Af wnunõj kmcmecjõlnef bm af e}a}rf

/Wnwnlcu mj }jf mrf bm ecl}jnefencjmu kacofamu* Acu enmjìgnecu ~ acu mejõ ackcu `fj rmfanxfbc ac v}m acu lna nfrmu ~ acu`clormu bm Mufbc njmjfrcj mufoamemr bmubm `fem l}e`c

nmltc unj ecjumk}nrac8 ma nltmrnc kacofa* Jc `f~ b}bf fak}

jf bmv}m

ma l}jbc ummuæ ecjwnrnmjbc

mj }j lfrimtafem*Lmrefbc bm eftnfamu! trcb}ecu ~ umrwnencu! lfjfkmlmj ~îejnefu bm gfornefenõj! cbcu um `fj ecjwmrnbc mj kacofamutcr jf}rfamxf* _mu}afbc8 afu gnrlfu ecjunbmrfj v}m nmjmj

v}m ecltmnr efbf wmx læu f rfwîu bma l}jbc mjmrc mj* makacofa lfrimtafem* Mum j}mwc bmufrrcaac u}rkm mj ma trmeNuclclmj c mj v}m afu mejcackìfu fwfjxfbfu rfjugcrlfj afnjgcrlfenõj ~ af ecl}jnefenõj*/

Mum grfklmjc bma njgcrlm fj}fa (6>07. bm }jf gnrlf bm ecl}jnefenõj bf }jf nbmf bm af l}fenõj v}m um `f trcb}enbc

mj ma rfjue}ruc bm acu föcu ce`mjf* Mj muf bîefbf! mj mgmec! `fj ftfrmenbc j}mwcu fecrmu v}m t r c l c w n m r z l u} g z j j fbm wmr af aõknef bm af }jngnefenõj bma l}jbc lmbnfjm af njm

krfbõj bm acu lmrefbcu* Lnmj rfu v}m afu trnlmrfu gcrl}afe ncjmu ucorm ac /kacofa/ `foìfj unbc mafocrfbfu tcr L*LeA}`fj! trcgmucr bm anmrf}rf n jk amuf ! ~ X* Orxmxìjuin! mutmenfanuf mj enmjenfu tcaìnefu! umræj acu murfmkfu bm af kmcmecjclìf v}nmjmu! mj ac u}emunwc! njutnrmj mum ecjemtc* Um tcjm

mjcjemu mj lfre`f }jf j}mwf gfum bm mptfjunõj bm af mecjclìf l}jbnfa8 ma mutfenc bm crkfjnxfenõj bma bnumöc! af trc

b}eenõj ~ af eclmrenfanxfenõj bm trcb}ecu ~ umrwnencu bm afukrfjbmu mltrmufu um mpnmjbm fa mutfenc bm }j lmrefbc ecj

emonbc mj îrlnjcu tafjmfrncu* Mufu }jnbfbmu `fj tfufbc

bm um r rfjujfencjfamu f umr gnrlfu /kacofamu/* ^ mj af ofum bm

mum j}mwc lcbmac bm crkfjnxfenõj! }jfu rmbmu l}jbnfamu bmnjgcrlfenõj v}m rfjugcrlfj mufu gnrlfu mj /mltrmufu,rm

bmu/ c njmkrfbfu* Tmrc `f u nbc! ucorm cbc! fa fltfrc b z lcwnlnmjc bm kacofanxfenõj gnjfjenmrf! umecr bm wfjk}frbnf

bm af njmrecjmpnõj kmjmrfanxfbf bm acu lmrefbcu krfenfu f afmamlænef! e}fjbc um `fj nlt}muc mufu bcernjfu kmrmjenfamu bm af kacofanxfenõj* Bm f`ì! mj cefun4*jmu! u} afbc z c a æ r n a ! fnlfkmj ~ umlmhfjxf bm fv}maafu o } r z } H 5 u m u t m z a z ` w f u v}mg}mrcj! b}rfjm acu föcu ce`mjf! acu H}mkcu o}rufnamu tafjm

frncu bmugfufbcu rmutmec bm af /mecjclìf rmfa/ bma l}jbc

bma rfofhc*

c*FT*LFJBLFRRMaFl/

4;cmctcaaif bm af {a}rf



Tfrf af aaflfbf bcernjf bm /mufjbfrnxfenõj }jnwmrufa/! }jcbm e}~cu trnlmrcu njnenfbcrmu g}m! mj 6>05! R`clfu Amwn!mjcjemu bnrmecr bm @frwfrb O}unjmuu _mwnm{! tmjufr mj îrlnjcu bm kacofanxfenõj bmuefjuf mj rmu `ntõmunu8 af `clckmjmnxfenõj bm afu jmemunbfbmu l}jbnfamu! af trmgmrmjenf

}jnwmrufa tcr trcb}ecu bm ofhc trmenc lmbnfjm }jf efanbfbfemtfoam! af jmemunbfb bm mecjclìfu bm muefaf mj trcb}eenõj

~ lærimnjk*

]jf bm afu wìfu coankfcrnfu tfrf feembmr f mum rîknlmj mecjõlnec tafjmfrnc `f unbc af ecjur}eenõj bm kr}tcu bm ecl}jnefenõj f rfwîu bm fbv}nunencjmu,g}uncjmu rfjujfencjfamu*F}j e}fjbc mucu krfjbmu kr}tcu! mj u} lf~crìf! muæj fj,

eafbcu mj acu krfjbmu tfìumu njb}urnfamu! crcu! famu eclc maorfunamöc Kacoc ~ ma lmpnefjc Rmamwnuf! trcembmjmu bm tfìumubma Rmremr L}jbc! `fj tfufbc f ce}tfr }j a}kfr bmufefbc

mj ma lmrefbc l}jbnfa bm trckrflfu bm mamwnunõj* Fbmlæu!ma lmrefbc kacofa bm trcb}ecu e}a}rfamu `f fltanfbc u}u

grcjmrfu fa fjmpncjfrum acu j}mwcu mrrncrncu bma fjnk}c oac

v}m ecl}jnuf ~ tc r ackrfr v}m af Njbnf ~ E`njf! l}~ frfufbfu mj lfmrnf bm mv}ntflnmjc mamwnu}fa bm `ckfrmu! `nenmrfjjcfoamu trckrmucu mj ma eflnjc bm af njmkrfenõj f}bncwnu}farmkncjfa krfenfu fa mufoamenlnmjc bm unumlfu bm ufîanmu*

Af ecjur}eenõj bm mpmjufu xcjfu bm anormeflonc ~ bm lmrefbcu lfercrrmkncjfamu `f amwfjfbc af wmbf bm acu /}jnwmrufamue}a}rfamu/* Af ermfenõj bm } j lmrefbc øjnec bm nlækmjmu mu}j rmc tfrf af rmcrkfjnxfenõj bm acu bnutcunnwcu njb}urnfamu*Muf oøuv}mbf bm }jf /e}a}rf kacofa/ f rfwîu bm afu efbmjfutfjflmrnefjfu! tfjfunænefu! tfjm}rctmfu c! unltamlmjm!

tafjmfrnfu! um ftc~f mj afu njwmruncjmu gnarfbfu ecj ma tfucbm acu föcu tcr af e}a}rf bm lfufu mj ma nlfknjfrnc bm ecju},

lnbcrmu trcembmjmu! jc coufjm! bm e}a}rfu l}~ bnwmrufu*Umkøj rmecjceìf! mj 6>07! }j mptmrc mj efltföfu bm lærimnjk kacofa8 /@f~ v}m eftnfanxfr acu uìlocacu ~ afu rmgmrmjenfue}a}rfamu }jnwmrufalmjm rmecjcenbfu *** Un jc g}mrf tcr afmb}efenõj trfenefbf tc r ma enjm ~ af mamwnunõj v}m `fj bnw}akfbc af nlfkmj bm a mufbc}jnbmjum bma Cmum! bm efræemr wnrna~ wnkcrcuc! af trcan gmrfenõj bm af lfref Lfraocrc! tcr mhmltac! jc `forìf u nbc tcunoam */ Mj îrlnjcu îejnecu! mu ac v}m

acu murfmkfu bm kmunõj bm lmrefbcu rfjugrcjmrnxcu aaflfj

/ecjwmrkmjenf e}a}rfa bm acu ecju}lnbcrmu/ a tcu}afbc oæunec bma/ mjgcv}m kacofa/* F}jv}m ermm ce}afrum ofhc îrlnjcu

kmjîrnecu eclc /kacofa/ ~ /kacofanxfenõj/! af njb}urnf bma

mjmrfnjlmj mufbc}jnbmjum ~ u}u lfrnemu bm trcb}eenõj

unk}mj mufjbc trmumjmu mj afu lmjmu* U}u trcb}ecu ucj/uctcrmu jf}rfamu bm }jnwmrufanbfb/* Bma lnulc lcbc v}m

af amjk}f bm af kacofanxfenõj jc mu af amjk}f bm U`fimutmfrm!

unjc ma fjkacflmrnefjc*

Ma trnjentfa trcoamlf v}m tafjmf muf wnunõj bm af e}a}rf

rfjugrcjmrnxf njutnrfbf mj }jf trfklænef kmcmecjclìuf

mu v}m um mjenmrrf mj }j l}jbc fnuafbc! ma }jnwmruc bm acuumecrmu ucawmjmu! fv}ma v}m ma mõrnec hftcjîu bma lfjfkm,lmj! Imjne`n C`lfm! `f of}nxfbc eclc ma /tcbmr rnîbnec/(Flîrnef bma Jcrm! ]jnõj M}rctmf ~ Funf Crnmjfa. bcjbmrfbnef ma 04- bma tcbmr fbv}nunnwc ~ bm afu njwmruncjmu l}j,

bnfamu* Mj ma umjc lnulc bm acu trnwnamknfbcu mrrncrncu bm a

Jcrm! muf bnjælnef bnumöf mptaìenflmjm }j l}jbc bm umkrmkfencjmu8 /Af wfjk}frbnf njb}urnfa rmecjcem v}m trcof,

oamlmjm `f~ læu bngmrmjenfu ucenfamu mjrm }j `fonfjm bmLfj`ffj ~ u} wmenjc bma Orcjp v}m mj rm ma bm }j ofrrnc

feclcbfbc bm Tfrìu ~ ma bm Lfj`ffj* Bm ac v}m um bmb}em

v}m afu wfrnfoamu bmlckrægnefu ~ bm `æoncu u cj læu nltcrfjmu v}m af trcpnlnbfb kmckrægnef*** Rcbc muc tcjm bm lf,

jngnmuc af aõknef mecjõlnef bma mjgcv}m kacofa*/ Mj acu tfìumubma U}r! mum lnulc trnjentnc bm umklmjfenõj ucenfa flonîj

mu }j `me`c* Mj Orfuna! af fwmjnbf Tf}anuf bm Ufc Tf}ac muælæu emref bm Lfbrnb v}m bm _mengm* ^ f}jv}m `f~ læu aìjmfumamgõjnefu mjbnbfu mj Lfj`ffj v}m mj af lf~cr tfrm bmacu tfìumu bm Fgrnef jmkrf! afu eftnfamu bm muf øanlf ecjemjrfj! maafu ucafu! læu bm af lnfb bma tfrv}m jfencjfa bm mam

ecl}jnefencjmu* Mum mhmltac unrwm flonîj tfrf acu tfìumufunænecu v}m um bnut}fj ma muf}c bm /j}mwcu tfìumu njb}u,rnfanxfbcu/! }jf jcenõj v}m `f wmjnbc f tcjmr mj mjrmbne`c

ma ecjemtc lnulc bm Rmremr L}jbc ~ f af v}m! læu rmenmjmlmjm! af ernunu gnjfjenmrf `f bmhfbc mj lfa a}kfr fa rmwmafr maefræemrwcaæna bm }j îpnc mecjõlnec8Ofjkiciecjemjrflæu

bm bcu mrencu bma cfa bm aìjmfu mamgõjnefu bnutcjnoamu mj

Rfnafjbnf*

Mj muml}jbc bm umkrmkfencjmu! Jcrm,U}r! Jcrm,Jcrm! U}rU}r! af grfeenõj lnjcrnfrnf bma kacoc! bnutmjufbcrf bm }j

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lcbmac bm wnbf ~ bm unumlfu bm wfacrmu! bmmrlnjf ma trcemucv}m ma `nucrnfbcr Nmfj E`mujmf}p bmunkjf eclc af /lcbmrjn

bfb,l}jbc/! ~ ma mecjclnuf Umrkm Afc}e`m! af /ceenbmjfan,xfenõj bma l}jbc/* /Af kacofanxfenõj unkjngnef v}m j}jef læu

`foræ v}m bmenr +ac unmjc8/! coumrwfof ma m u e z c r lmpnefjcEfracu Lcjunwfnu mj 6>>2! bfjbc f mjmjbmr fuì v}m ma kacof,anulc um `f ecjwmrnbc mj }j eclcbìj nbmcaõknec v}m bna}~m

afu rmutcjufonanbfbmu v}m acu bnunjcu fecrmu l}jbnfamu nm,jmj mj af trcb}eenõj bm af /lnumrnf bma l}jbc/* Rcbc fefofmlofr}]æjbcum bm fa lfjmrf v}m ~f jfbnm bmom rmjbnr e}mj

fu* Grmjm f mu f ecjemtenõj bm afu tfrnbfu ~ bm acu mjwnmu

tafjmfrncu v}m bmhf mj lfjcu bm Tfjbcrf af bmenunõj bm afg}}rf crbmjfenõj bma tafjmf ~ v}m mj af træenef nmjbm fgrfklmjfrac cbc! mu tcunoam! u nj mlofrkc! crf ecjemtenõjbm af l}jbnfanxfenõj* Tcrv}m! v}nîj tcbrìf jmkfr v}m tmufj

efbf wmx læu flmjfxfu ucorm ma tafjmf ~ v}m! mj tfaforfu bmYmfj E`mujmf}p! uõac t}mbm ecjh}rfrafu }jf /e}a}rf bm rmu,tcjufonanbfb l}jbnfa/! ]jf e}a}rf v}m eclonjf af clf bmecjenmjenf bm af bnlmjunõj l}jbnfa bm acu trcoamlfu ecj ma

fjeafhm mj }j mrrncrnc ecjermc! eclc a}kfr bm en}bfbfjìf*Acu rmcu læu mwnbmjmu bm af l}jbnfanxfenõj! bmubm a}mkc!

nmjmj tcr jclorm ecjflnjfenõj bm acu ceîfjcu! rægnec bm

rmunb}cu ~ bmgcrmufenõj! ucormmjbm}bflnmjc bm acu tfìumubma U}r! l}antanefenõj bm rmbmu lfgncufu bm cbc ntc9 tmrc

}j /lcjce}anwc/ l}jbnfa v}m tcjkf mj tmankrc acu mecunum,lfu e}a}rfamu bmom tfrmemr nk}fa bm tmankrcuc*

Acu /h}mkcu eclonjfbcu/ bm af e}a}rf

F tfrnr bm gnjfamu bm acu föcu umumjf ! af `nucrnf um `f mjefr,kfbc bm tcjmr bm rmanmwm! mj j}lmrcufu cefuncjmu! acu gfaacu

bm wnunõj kacofanfrncu v}m `fj fanlmjfbc ma nlfknjfrnc bmakrfj tøoanec mj crjc fa tcrwmjnr bm af ecl}jnbfb `}lfjf ~v}m! bmjrc bm af rmfatcanni bm afu mltrmufu! `fj ecjun}nbc

}j wnwmrc njfkcfoam tfrf amknnlfr afu krfjbmu ufkfu bm afecjv}nuf bma lmrefbc l}jbnfanxfbc* Ecjrfrnflmjm f ac v}mtrcgmnxfof L*LeA}`fj! afu rmrfjulnuncjmu bm af k}mrrf +tcr

l}jbcwnunõj jc ` fj ecjrno}nbc mj lcbc fak}jc f bmrrnofr

ma l}rc v}m umtfrf f acu enwnamu bm acu lnanfrmu* Af tr}mof læu

tfmjm af ecjun}~m af k}mrrf bma Kcagc bcjbm um `f fununbcf }j rmgcrxflnmjc unj nk}fa,,ma læu umwmrc bmubm af Trnlmrf

K}mrrf L}jbnfa, bm acu lmefjnulcu muffamu bm emju}rf*

Acu /lmbncu kacofamu/ fltcec `fj f~}bfbc f acu /tfìumu mjwìfu bm bmufrrcaac/ f rme}tmrfr u} /rmrfuc/ mj rmafenõj ecj aftrnlmrf aìjmf bma l}jbc njb}urnfa* Un onmj mu enmrc v}m `fj

lcwnanxfbc efbf wmx læu ma umjucrn}l bm acu mamutmefbcrmu!jc tc r maac amu `fj bmw}ma c af tfaforf* Acu bmumlofrecu mjUclfanf mj ma lfrec bm af ctmrfenõj /_mufoamemr af mutmrfj

xf/ c af b nf rn f ~ coumu nwf trm umje nf bm acu oclofrbmcu bm Uf,

rfhmwc fltcec amu `fj trctcrencjfbc f acu en}bfbfjcu aftcunonanbfb bm `femr v}m eflonmj afu ecufu! f tmufr bm z !mp,rmlfbf lmbnfnxfenõj* Bm gcrlf læu kmjmrfa! af l}antanef,enõj bm acu kacofa mwmju ,mucu fecjmenlnmjc efærnecu v}m

rmøjmj f acu læu bnwmrucu tøoanecu jfencjfamu ~ acefamu mj cr,

jc f afu lnulfu jcnenfu! rmtcrfhmu ~ trckrflfu, jc tfrmem

v}m `f~f ermfbctrmenuflmjmlæu /ecl}jnbfb z } j b n f a / * Læu

onmj um nmjm af mjfenõj bm tmjuf r ac ecjrfjc e}fjbc ummue}e`fj acu eclmjfrncu bm acu tmrncbnufu bm bnunjfu jf

encjmu ecj cefunõj bm afu krfjbmu enfu tafjmfrnfu bma b z t c r ¬m ,h}mkcu caìltnecu! efltmcjfc u bmal}jbc ~ crcul}jbnfamu,8

jcu famhfj f tfucu fknkfjfbcu bma lnc bm af /fabmf kacofa/tfrf ecjmefrjcu ecj acu mjeafwmu bma e`f}wnjnulc* Muc mucbfwìf læu trmce}tfjm un um nmjm mj e}mjf v}m af gcrlf mj

v}m um trmumjfj afu ecltmnencjmu bmt3rnwfu unrwm z f b f wmx

læu bm rmgmrmjenf! bm lcbmac fa rfflnmjc bm afu njgcrlf,

encjmu ucorm acu ecjganecu*

Funlnulc! efom mptrmufr umrnfu b}bfu ucorm afu j}mwfu wmrunc,jmu bma lnc bma /gnj bm afu nbmcackìfu/! v}m ! ecj af efìbf bm a

l}rc bm Omraìj! tfrmem `fomrum bfbc }j oföc mj af g}mjm bmaf mmrjf h}wmj}b! tcrv}m ecjwnmrm af kacofanxfenõj bm afe}a}rf bm lfufu mj }j frk}lmjc g}jbflmjfA ]jc z u}u

læu gflcucu fwffrmu mu ma rmeneafhm fa v}m ac uclmm! f gnjfamubm 6>0>! Grfjenu G}i}~flf! bnrmecr fbh}jc bm af eîa}af mu,

rfîknef bma Bmtfrflmjc bm Mufbc mufbc}jnbmjum! ofhc afgcrlf bma lnc bma / gnj bm af `nucrnf/ * Ma `me`c bm v}m acurfjunucrmu um `f~fj ecjwmrnbc mj }j kfbkm mj E`njf tct}

afr! v}m Lcxfr unrwf bm løunef bm gcjbc mj acu u } t m r l m z z f ¬bcu hftcjmumu ~ v}m af løunef rcei umf mj Trfkf af mptrmunõjbm }jf rmomanõj ecjrf af nbmcackìf mufanjnuf! g}mrcj tfrf mumjmcecjumrwfbcr bm rmnjf ~ umnu föcu }jf umöfa njmv}ìwcefbm af `clckmjmnxfenõj bmlcerænef bma l}jbc ofhc af z f j ¬bmrf bma anomrfanulc ceenbmjfa* F tfrnr bm mjcjemu! af Nbmf

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`f frrfnkfbc mj af rmõrnef bma anormeflonc8 af mptfjunõj unj

rfof bm acu trcb}ecu bm af njb}urnf bma mjmrfnjlmj rfm

f}clæneflmjm ecjunkc af anomrfb enwna ~ tcaìnef* Rcbc ce}rrm eclc un ma muf}c bma ecju}lnbcr mv}nwfanmum fa bm a en}bfbfjc*

Mj mum frk}lmjc bm eclofm v}m rmtrmumjf af funlnafenõj

bm af anomrfb bm mptrmunõj eclmrenfa (c ma bmrme`c f bmutafxfrf u} fjchc ma }lorfa bm camrfjenf bma mutfenc t}oanenfrnc. faf anomrfb bm mptrmunõj bma en}bfbfjc! u}o~femj afu j}lmrc

ufu feencjmu bm acoo~njk ~ crcu rægnecu bm njga}mjenf bm afukrfjbmu crkfjnxfencjmu ecrtcrfnwfu v}m! mj ma umjc bma EFRR!

bm af CLE c bm af CEBM `fj njmjfbc uclmmr acu /trcb}e

cu bm af lmjm/ f af am~ anormeflonuf* Mukrnlnbf njnenfalmjm

ecj cefunõj bm acu bmofmu m}rc,mufbc}jnbmjumu femref bma

fu}jc bm af /mpemtenõj e}a}rfa/ mj lfmrnf f}bncwnu}fa! afnbmf bm v}m uõac }jf rmkaf rmgmrnbf f af f}crrmk}afenõj bm acufecrmu bma lmrefbc ~ f u} ec rcafrnc! af /ucomrfjìf fouca}fbma ecju}lnbcr/! mufrìf mj ecjbnencjmu bm bmmrlnjfr af mu

r}e}rf bm acu unumlfu bm njgcrlfenõj ~ ecl}jnefenõj! umbmeanjõ mj cbcu acu cjcu tfrf ucefwfr af jcenõj bm tcaìneftøoanef* Mum bnue}ruc mu `fon}fa! fjc mj acu bmofmu ucorm

trcmeenõj bm anomrfbmu njbnwnb}famu g rmj m f af rmeck nbf bmnjgcrlfenõj ~ ecjun}enõj bm ofjecu bm bfcu umjunoamu! eclc

mj acu v}m rffj bm afu rmtmre}uncjmu h}rìbnefu bm af ecjwmrkmjenf mejcaõknef rmgmrnbf f afu f}ctnufu bm af njgcrlfenõj*

F}jv}m af l}jbnfanxfenõj mu }j ecltcjmjm bm af e}a}rf

ecjmltcræjmf! jc mu af øjnef aõknef mj ecjgnk}rfr af u}mrm

bma tafjmf* Acu föcu ce`mjf! v}m `fj wnuc gacrmemr afu bcernjfu bm af kacofanxfenõj gnjfjenmrf ~ af mufjbfrnxfenõj e}a}rf a! flonîj `fj ecnjenbnbc ecj }j lcwnlnmjc bm

tmjuflnmjc v}m tcjm ma îjgfunu mj afu mjuncjmu ~ acu bmugfumu mjrm afu g}mrxfu emjrìtmfu bm af /_mtøoa nef mecjõlnef

}jnwmrufa/ ~ af ta}rfanbfb bm e}a}rfu* Fak}jcu fjrctõackcu

,l}e`cu bm acu e}famu ucj crnknjfrncu bm tfìumu bma RmremrL}jbc, `fj mltrmjbnbc af erìnef bm acu bnue}rucu ecjufkrfbcu f af rmafe nõj mjrm acu ga}hcu e}a}rfamu rfjugrcjmrnxcu ~afu e}a}rfu unjk}afrmu* Umkøj maacu! af njmjungnefenõj bm af enre}afenõj bm acu ga}hcu e}a}rfamu! af mpnumjenf l}~ rmfa bm }jf

mjbmjenf f af l}jbnfanxfenõj bm af e}a}rf! jc ecjb}emj f af

`clckmjnxfenõj bma kacoc! unjc `fenf }j l}jbc efbf wmx læulmunxfbc* Trcofoamlmjm unj ucutme`frac! mjafxfj fuì ecj afwnmhf nj}nenõj bm @* K* [maau rmutmec bm acu /h}mkcu eclonjfbcu/ ~ acu/ er}emu/ mjrm afu e}a}rfu bm }j l}jbc efbf

wmx læu ecltamhc* @fj u}rknbc jcencjmu v}m njmj fj bfr

e}mjf bm mufu eclonjfencjmu ~ bm mucu rmeneafhmu bm ga}hcue}a}rfamu rfjujfencjfamu tc r tfr m bm afu e}a}rfu acefamu8

`nornbfenõj! ernca6nxfenæj ~ lmunxfhm* /Af kacofanxfenõj bm afe}a}rf ,muernoìf mj 6>>4 ma fjrctõackc njbnc Frh}j Fttfb}

rfn,! jc mu ac lnulc v}m u} `clckmjmnxfenõj* Tmrc af kacofanxfenõj nltanef ma }u c b m }jf wfrnmbfb bm njur}lmjcu bm

`clckmjmnxfenõj (frlflmjcu! îejnefu bm t}oanenbfb! `m

kmlcjìf bm enmrfu amjk}fu! gcrlfu bm wmunr. v}m ucj foucronbcu tc r afu mecjclìfu tcaìnefu ~ e}a}rfamu acefamu! øjneflmjm

tfrf umr rmtfr nfbcu eclc bnæackcu `mmrckîjmcu bm ucomrfjìf jfencjfa! bm anorm mltrmuf ~ bm g}jbflmjfanulc! mj acue}famu ma Mufbc h}mkf }j tftma efbf wmx læu bmanefbc8 bmlf

unfbc ftmr}rnulc f acu ga}hcu kacofamu! ~ ma Mufbc,jfenõj umwm flmjfxfbc tcr af u}oamwfenõj (mu ma uìjbrclm e`njc.9 bmlfunfbc tcec! ~ ma Mufbc um v}mbf g}mrf bm a muemjfrnc njmrjfencjfa! eclc `f ce}rrnbc ecj Onrlfjnf! Faofjnf c Ecrmf

bm a Jcrm*/ Mum fjrctõackc um frmwm njea}uc f `foafr bm

/lcbmrjnbfb famrjfnwf/* Ma ecjemtc um ecrrmutcjbm ecj mabm /lcbmrjf rfbnenõj/! fe}öfbc tcr ma fjrctõackc orfunam

öc _mjfc Crnx* Fa nmltc v}m rmg}fj af jcenõj bm lcbmrjn

xfenõj! mjmjbnbf eclc trc~meenõj }jìwcef bm acu wfacrmu bmCeenbmjm! v}m `f trmwfamenbc mj cbfu afu rmgmrmjenfu `fuf

onmjmjrfbcu acu föcu ummjf! mucu j}mwcu ecjemtcu um trc

tcjmj bmlcurfr v}m! amhcu bm bmuftfrmemr bm af gfx bma l}j

bc! afu e}a}rfu acefamu um rmgcrl}afj lmbnfjm }jf famfenõjbm ac /lcbmrjc/ ~ bm af /rfbnenõj/* Fuì ac fmunk}f af gcrln

bfoam lmxeaf bm e}a}rf bm lfufu ~ bm e}a}rfu tct}afrmu mj

acu trcb}ecu bm af njb}urnf mamwnu}fa orfunamöf! `c~ mj bìf

}jf bm afu læu rmamwfjmu bma l}jbc! e}~fu mamjcwmafu `f,

emj ufafr afu aækrnlfu mj acu `ckfrmu bm af M}rctf umtmjrnc

jfa! emjrfa ~ crnmjfa! bmut}îu bm `fomr mhnbc }j wìje}ac

ecjnjmjfa mjrm afu bnunjfu jfencjmu bm u} ecjnjmjm bm

crnkmj*

Rcbc ac e}fa jc fgmef tfrf jfbf fa ecjmpc mecjõlnec ~ mejcaõknec l}jbnfa v}m ! læu v}m j}jef! unk}m lfrefbc tc r af

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bmunk}fabfb bm acu njmrefloncu ~ ma f}lmjc bm afu bnutfrn

bfbmu mjrm acu bnunjcu tfìumu c rmkncjmu ~ mjrm acu bnunjcukr}tcu ucenfamu* Tmrc afu j}mwfu `ntõmunu ucorm afu rmafencjmu

njrmre}a}rfamu v}m tmrlfjmemj fmjfu f afu lmbnfencjmu ~ fafu njmrfeencjmu njbnefj v}m `f mltmxfbc! mj efun cbc mal}jbc! }j trcemuc bm rmwfacrnxfenõj bm afu e}a}rfu mutmeìgn

efu! ecjbnenõj trmwnf tfrf af njwmjenõj bm lcbmacu bm bmuf,

rrcaac lmjcu uclm nbcu f acu nltmrfnwcu bnefbcumpea}unwflmjm tcr acu lmrefbcu mpmrncrmu* Tmrc unj nkjcrfr

af ftmr}rf v}m tmrlnmj mufu j}mwfu lnrfbfu ucorm acu wìje}acu v} m um mufoamemj mjrm ac /kacofa/ ~ ac /acefa/! mj rmafenõj ecj af nbmf bm af gffanbfb bma /lcjce}anwc/! `f~ v}m

ftrmu}rfrum f bmenr v}m af tcmjm t}aunõj v}m! mj mum eflonc

bm unkac ~ bm lnamjnc! nlt}auf f acu t}moacu ~ f afu jfencjmu frmftrctnfrum bm u} `nucrnf ~ bm u} e}a}rf mu l}~ flonwfamj,

m* Muf t}aunõj t}mbm! mj mgmec! ecjb}enr f af mprmlf mjf,

enõj bm mjemrrfrum mj u} trctnf nbmjnbfb8 rmcrjc fa rnofanulc!f af t}rmxf bm afu nbmjnbfbmu mjce}a}rfamu ~ f afu løantamu

mptrmuncjmu bm njcamrfjenf `fenf ma mprfjhmrc* Onmj mu enmrc

v} m cbfu mufu gcrlfu rfbnefamu bm mpea}unõj bma Crc fl,

onîj t}mbmj umr njmrtrmfbfu eclc rmut}mufu ecjg}ufu f afumpea}uncjmu nj`mrmjmu f afu aõknefu umkrmkfbcrfu bm af kacofan

xfenõj ofhc ma unkjc bm a anormeflonulc*

Onoanckrfgìf

Fttfb}rfn! F*! /Bnuhcje}rm fj b Bnggmrmjee nj ` m Kacofa

E}a}rm Mecjcrj~/! T}oane E}a}rm! trnlfwmrf bm 6>>4*

Orxmxnjuin! X*! Af rîwca}ncj me jîrcjnv}m! Tfrìu! Efalfj,Aîw~!6>;4 Yrfb* efu*8 Afmrf mejcrõjnef! O}mjcu Fnrmu! Tfnbõu! 6>;>\*

E`mujmf}p! H*! Aflcberjnî,lejbm! Tfrìu! Af Bîec}wmrm! 6>0>*

Bmrrnbf! H*! /Af}rm eft* Lîlcnrmu! rîtcjumu m rmutcjufonanîu/! ìnomr! ce}orm bm 6>>4*

G}i}~flf! M! /Af gnj bm a+`nucnrm/! Ecllmjfnre! jøl* 2;!6>0> Yrfb* efu*8 /³Ma gnj bm af `nucrnf3/! mj Eafwmu be afrfxõjtræenef! jøl* 6! 6>>4*

Afc}e`m! U*! H8Ceenbmjfanufncj b} lcjbm!Tfrìu! Af Bîec}wer,

m! 6>>6*

Amwn! 68! /R`m Kacofanxfncj cg Lfrimu/! @frwfrb O}unjmuu_mwnm{! h}jnc bm 6>05*

Lea*}`fj! L* ~ Gnfrm! V*! K}mrrm m tfnpbfju am wnaafkm tafjîfn,

rm! Tfrìu! Afggcj! 6>;4 Yrfb* efu*8 K}mrrf ~ tfx mj affabmf kacofa! Ofremacjf! Lfrìjmx _cef! 6>;6\*

Lfmafr! F! Ma efrjfwfa bm afu nlækmjmu! mj ecafocrfenõj ecj

L* L*! Lfbrnb! Fifa! 6>009 Af njwmjenõj bm af ecl}jnefenõj!Ofremacjf! Ocue`! 6>>= YLîpnec! Unkac PPN! 6>>7\9 Af ecl}jnefenõj,l}jbc* @nucrnf bm afu nbmfu ~ bm afu murfmknfu! Lfbrnb!

G}jbmuec! 6>>5 (Lîpnec! Unkac PPN!6>>;\9 Afl}jbnfanxfenõj bmaf ecl}jnefenõj! Ofremacjf#O}mjcu Fnrmu! Tfnbõu! 6>>0*

Lcjunwfnu! e*! /Eacofanxfncj Lmfju Jmwmr @fwnjk c Uf~

^c}+rm Ucrr~/! Hc}rjfa cg Njmrjfncjfa Ecll}jnefìcj! bnenml

orm bm 6>>2*

C`lfm! I! Af Rrnfbm! Tfrìu! Gafllfrncj! 6>0= Yrfb* efu*8 Matcbmr bm af rìfbf8 afu j}mwfu rmkafu bm af ecltmmjenf l}jbnfa!Lfbrnb! LeKrf{,@nNa! 6>>6\*

Crnx! _*! F Lcbmrjf rlbnebc orfuìamnrf! Ufc Tf}ac* Orfunanmjum!6>00*

[maau! @* K* Fjnentfncju cg `m _mfen}j cgLme`fjnefa fjb Uenmj,ngne Tr}krmuu }tcj @}lfj Angm fjb R }}k ! Acjbrmu! E`ft,lfj ' @faa! 6>4?*



EFTÌR]AC 7

Afu }ctìfu bm af rmb

Njmrjm ~ enomrmutfenc `femj ucöfr* L}e`cu ucj njenfbcu fwmr mj maacu afu trclmufu bm }jf j}mwf ucenmbfb mj af v}m acukrfjbmu bmumv}nanorncu ucencmecjælnecu mjecjrfr ìfj uca}enõj*Muf ermmjenf mj af wnr}b ufawìgnef bm afu îejnefu ~ afu rmbmubm ecl}jnefenõj jc mu }jf jcwmbfb8 w}mawm f mjecjrfrumecj cefunõj bm efbf mwca}enõj mejcaõknef* Wmr mj maacu! unjmlofrkc! }jf gcrlf læknef tfrf ufanr bm af ernunu muæ mj ecjrfbneenõj ecj af rmfanbfb bm afu murfmknfu ~ ecj afu tcaìnefutfrf u} nltafjfenõj* Afu îejnefu bm ecl}jnefenõj `fj unbc!u+3j ~ umk}nræj unmjbc cohmc bm ft}mufu mjecjrfbfu9 muæj

mj ma emj rc bm acu mjgrmjflnmjcu tcr ma bclnjnc bma l}j,bc*

/Af Kacofa ajgcrlfncj Njgrfur}e}rm (KNa. trctcrencjfræ }jfecl}jnefenõj njufjæjmf f af krfj gflnanf `}lfjf Y***\ Wmcmj maaf }jf j}mwf mrf fmjnmjum bm bmlcerfenf v}m grfk}fræmj acu gcrcu v}m ermfræ af KNa*/ Mj mucu îrlnjcu! mj }j bnue}ruc trcj}jenfbc b}rfjm af ecjgmrmjenf tamjfrnf bm af]jnõjNjmrjfencjfa bm Rmamecl}jnefencjmu (]NR.! v}m }wc a}kfrmj lfrxc bm 6>>2! mj O}mjcu Fnrmu! ma mjcjemu wnemtrmunbmjm bm acu Mufbcu ]jnbcu! Fa Kcrm! h}un gnefof ma trc~mec bmnjgctnufu tafjmfrnfu bma mremr lnamjnc! mj jclorm bm af a}e`f tcr af focanenõj bm acu krfjbmu bmumv}nanorncu ucenfamu v}mfv}mhfj fa l}jbc* Trc~mec v}m flonencjf mjafxfr (wìf efoam~ ufîanm. ma lf~cr jølmrc tcunoam bm unncu njgcrlfnxfbcu(`cutnfamu! mue}mafu! onoancmefu! coumrwfcrncu bm wnknafjenfmecaõknef! mltrmufu! fkmjenfu k}omrjflmj,famu! meîmrf. ~bm `ckfrmu! tfrf }jf bng}unõj! rætnbf ~ tmrucjfanxfbf bm njgcrlfencjmu ~ trckrflfu! mutmenfalmjm f}bncwnu}famu*

Ma bnumöfbcr bm afu u}tmr`nk`{f~u bm af njgcrlfenõj njrcb}emfuì mj ma crbmj bma bìf bm af `nk` rme` }jf lncackìf fj fjnk}f

64 0FNW^QFJB NQcQFRRMAFNQR

eclc af nbmf bm lcbmrjnbfb! fuì eclc ma nbmfa bm af nacefanxf

64 ;Ccctcaaaefbm 666 e}a}rf



oam /ucenmbfb bm af rfjutfrmjenf/! bm af ucenmbfb bm af ecl}jnefenõj tmrgmef* Afu mejcackìfu bm af njgcrlfenõj ~ afecl}jnefenõj um `fj mrnknbc mj wìfu bm ufanbf bm af ernunu tc aìnef ~ mecjõlnef* Grmjm fa bmulcrcjflnmjc bma ecjumjucucenfa ~ bma lcbmac bm bmufrrcaac ~ ermenlnmjc bm afu ucenmbfbmu `}lfjfu! um ecjwnmrmj mj af tfjfemf* Mj l}e`fu cefunc

jmu! mj af `nucrnf bm af ecjur}eenõj bm acu nlfknjfrncu bm afecl}jnefenõj! af bmlcerfenf krnmkf `f umrwnbc bm na}urfenõjf af j}mwf mrf ucenfa trclmnbf tc r ma wmecr îejnec* Fa lfrkmj bm v}m af trclmuf umk}nræ unîjbcac! ac v}m muf rmgmrmjenffa frv}mntc krnmkc `f ce}afbc ecj grme}mjenf mu v}m af tcunonanbfb bm }j ækcrf! bm }j njmreflonc nk}fa mj ma umjc bm}jf efmkcrìf bm `clormu! bmuefjufof! mj afu en}bfbmu bmaÆnef! mj rmbmu bm rmafencjmu ucenfamu v}m ecjufkrfofj }j njmreflonc bmunk}fa ecj ma rmuc bm af ucenmbfb* Ma bmugfum mjrm afu trcgmeìfu ucorm afu trclmufu bm af bmlcerfenf rmne}afr~ af rf~mecrnf umk}nbf tc r af rmfatcanni bm nltafjfenõj bmrmbmu îejnefu mu! tcr fjc! }jf ecjufjm mj af `nucrnf bm af

ecl}jnefenõj*

Jfenlnmjc bm }jf nbmcackìf bm af ufawfenõj

Bmubm u}u trnlmrfu ftanefencjmu ucenfamu! afu rmbmu ftc~fbfumj } j uctcrm îejnec! fa tmrlnnr ecj u}u rflngnefencjmu! v}mum bng}jbf mj mpmjufu ecl}jnbfbmu ~ um wmjxf ma fnuaflnmjc! ma nmltc! af rmea}unõj mj af lmjfanbfb t}moamrnjf! `fjbfbc! njwfrnfoamlmjm! af nltrmunõj bm umr af ofum bm }j j}mwc ntc bm njmreflonc mjrm acu njbnwnb}cu! tfr f }jf j}mwfbmlcerfenf* Muf ermmjenf ~f mufof trmumjm mj 6;>2! ecjlcnwc bm af njufafenõj bma trnlmr unumlf bm ecl}jnefenõjf bnufjenf! ma maîkrfgc õtnec c fîrmc bm acu `mrlfjcu E`fttm* Muf njwmjenõj mpenf af nlfknjfenõj bm fak}jcu bmlõerffu rmwca}encjfrncu v}m! njwcefjbc ma rmcrjc f af tafxf tøoanefbm acu nmltcu fjnk}cu! af emamorfj mj e}fjc a}kfr bm ermfenõj bm }j j}mwc wìje}ac ucenfa lmbnfjm af njecrtcrfenõjmgmenwf bm af l}an}b f af wnbf bm af /krfj _mtøoanef/*

Jc frbfrcj mj a amkfr afu bmuna}uncjmu* Mj af træenef! acu }ucubma maîkrfgc õtnec rmutcjbnmrcj f acu unumlfu bm rmtrmumjfenõj bma tcbmr * Fa }jnr afu tafxfu ~ acu mhîrencu bma Jcrm

ecj af eftnfa! muf îejnef! mj trnlmr a}kfr! `foìf t}muc bmlfjngnmuc u} }nanbfb murfîknef* Eaf}bm E`fttm `foìf trct}muc }jf rntam }nanxfenõj enwna bm mum njwmjc8 af rfjulnunõj bm njgcrlfencjmu rmafnwfu f afu fenwnbfbmu eclmrenfamu mnjb}urnfamu! ma afjxflnmjc bm }jf tmv}möf kfemf mamkrægnef ~! tc r øanlc! af rfjulnunõj bm acu rmu}afbcu bm af acmrìf*Øjneflmjm ma øanlc bm acu }ucu lmrmenõ af fmjenõj bma Eõj

u}a! eclc lmbnc bm ffhfr afu fu}enfu mutme}afnwfu v}m h}kfofj ecj ma tafxc bm rfjulnunõj tc r ecrrmc bm acu rmu}afbcumjrm Tfrìu ~ trcwnjenfu* Af rmb bma maîkrfgc õtnec grfjeîu af læu bmjuf bma l}jbc! ecj }jfu =24 mufencjmu v}m e}orìfjemref bm =*444 inaõlmrcu, umræ njufafbf! f nlfkmj ~ umlmhfjxf bm af rmb wnfa nbmfbf tc r acu njkmjnmrcu bm eflnjcu mj maunkac PWNNN! unk}nmjbc }j lcbmac mj murmaaf v}m nrrfbnf bmubmTfrìu* B}rfjm læu bm enje}mjf föcu umræ ma gm}bc mpea}unwcbm acu lnjnumrncu bm Njmrncr ~ bm af K}mrrf* Ma feemuc bmatøoanec f af ecl}jnefenõj mamkrægnef jc um f}crnxfræ `fuf60=?! mu bmenr! }jcu v}njem föcu bmut}îu bm af njwmjenõj bmamaîkrfgc maîernec (605;. tc r acu ornæjnecu [naanfl Eccim ~

E`framu [`mfucjm ~ ma mufbc}jnbmjum Ufl}ma Lcrum*

Acu gmrrcefrrnamu kmjmrfrcj af gcrl}afenõj bm af trnlmrf bcernjf kacofa ucorm afu wnr}bmu f}lførknefu bm afu rmbmu bmecl}jnefenõj* Acu f}crmu! e}~f gnk}rfu læu rmtrmumjfnwfuucj Lne`ma E`mwfanmr (6047,60;>. ~ Trcutmr Mjgfjnj (6;>76072.! ucj bnueìt}acu bma gnaõucgc Eaf}bm @mjrn bm _c}wrc~!ecjbm bm Ufnj,Unlcj (6;74,60?=.* Ofhc ma nlt}auc bm acu ufjunlcjnfjcu u}rkm ma #ye}ac bm af rmb/* Mj ecjrfum! tc r fv}maacu föcu! ma kconmrjc ~ acu `clormu bm jmkcencu grfjemumu!tfrf krfj ecjrfrnmbfb bm Fampnu bm +Ncev}mwnaam* cbfwìf b}bfj mj afjxfrum f af fwmj}rf gmrrcwnfrnf ~ acu mufbcu lf~c

rmu bm afu g}mrxfu frlfbfu um l}murfj fj mueîtnecu rmutmecf af ftcrfenõj murfîknef bm mum lmbnc bm enre}afenõj! v}maamkfj f cohmfrac tcrv}m v}m wf f } fgmlnjfr f afu rctfu/ ~ amu/`fræ tmrbmr muf gfe}afb bm afu krfjbmu lfre`fu v}m `f bmumltmöfbc }j tftma fj nltcrfjm mj ma rn}jgc bm j}murcumhîrencu/* Eclc ecjrft}jc f muf fen}b lfa`}lcrfbf!Lne`ma E`mwfanmr t}oanef! mj 605?! mj ma tmrnõbnec bma ufjunlcjnulc! Am Kacom! }j f umrnm bm fr ìe}acu wnuncjfrncu ucorm/Ma unumlf bma Lmbnmrræjmc/* Mj mucu mpcu mönbcu bm anrnulc! Lne`ma E`mwfanmr! ecjwmjenbc bm v}m } ma gmrrcefrrna mu ma

64 0F_LFJBLFRRMa**FT*R

aCC7mctcN6raEaaa bmaf {NNrf

/krfj bm



uìlocac bm af Fucenfenõj }jnwmrufa/! bmtcunf cbfu u}u mutmrfjxfu mj mum øanlc tfrf rmecjenanfr f Crnmjm ~ f Ceenbmjm

farmbmbcr bma Lmbnmrræjmc! trnlmr tfuc `fenf af tfx l}j

bnfa* Bnumöf af ctckrfgìf bm muf rmb nlfknjfrnf bm wìfu bm gmrrcefrrna! mjrmer}xfjbc! aamkfbc ma efuc! afu wìfu ecj afu wìfuga}wnfamu ~ lfrìnlfu ~! fa lnulc nmltc! ecj afu aìjmfu mamkrægnefu* Fa rfxfr u} trc~mec bm /Ecjgmbmrfenõj m}rctmf/

}j trc~mec flonencjfbc ~f tc r Ufnj,Unlcj, f rfwîu bmarfìa! ecjb}em u}emunwflmjm faamecr tcr Mutföf! Nfanf! Famlfjnf! R}rv}ìf! _}unf! Funf ~ Fgrnef! ~ ecj afu ocfu bm unmmamk}fu bm afu rmbmu ufaf bmubm ma Oõugcrc `fuf ma kcagc Tîrunec! bm îum fa lfr Efutnc! bm af nuaf Mamgfjnjf f Famhfjbrìf* Ftrctõunc bm _}unf! muernom8 /Un mpnum }j tfìu mj ma v}m acugmrrcefrrnamu `fj bm mhmremr }jf njga}mjenf ucorm af enwnanxfenõj! îum mu _}unf* Rcbc bcrlnf mjrm acu `fonfjmu bm mum

tfìu! v}m um l}mrmj rfu `fomr wmkmfbc! læu v}m wnwnbc! unj`fomrum famhfbc! læu faaæ bm bcjbm faefjxf af wnuf! bm af e`cxf v}m ce}tfofj u}u fjmtfufbcu! umlmhfjmu f acu lca}uecue}~f ecje`f um tmkf f af rcef* Mj ma crbmj tcaìnec! ma lmbnc

læu mgnefx tfrf bmutmrfracu bm u} ucljcamjenf ecjununræ mjecacefr emref bm maacu acu mhmltacu bm }j lcwnlnmjc mprfcrbnjfrnc! mj mpenfracu lmbnfjm ma mutmeæe}ac bm }jf trcbn

kncuf wmacenbfb! ~ mj njwnfracu f umk}nr af ecrrnmjm v} m

enre}afræ fjm u} t}mrf*/ Af nbmcackìf bm af wmacenbfb mltnm

xf f clfr gcrlf* Bma lnulc lcbc v}m acu lmbncu îejnecubm ecl}jnefenõj rmb}emj afu bnufjenfu gìunefu! af rmb gmrrc

wnfrnf rmb}enræ! umkøj E`mwfanmr9 afu bnufjenfu mjrm acu kr}

tcu ucenfamu* Corf eclc af bmlcerfenf*Bmmrlnjf fuì }j j}mwc

ntc bm rmafencjmu ucenfamu*

Ma ufjunlcjnulc njecrtcrf af jcenõj bm rmb! lmægcrf clf

bf bma }jnwmruc bma crkfjnulc oncaõknec! f afu bcernjfu bm afrmcrkfjnxfenõj ucenfa* Muf ecjemtenõj bma tcbmr mur}e}rfjm

bm af rmb bmom tmrlnn r v}m af ucenmbfb m}rctmf ufakf bm afernunu bm crkfjnxfenõj mj af v}m muæ u}lnbf bmubm ma bmrr}l

oflnmjc bm af }jnbfb ernunfjf ~ rcltf bmgnjnnwflmjm ecjma mutmerc bm afu/ ucenmbfbmulnanfrmu/* F nlfkmj ~ umlmhfj

xf bm af rmanknõj! aflnunõj bm af rmb mu af bm rmankfrm! af bm ermfr

ma wìje}ac }jnwmrufa* /_mbmu mutnrn}famu/ bm gnjfjxfu! c /rmbmu lfmrnfamu/ bm ecl}jnefencjmu! tcr lmbnfenõj bm maafu afeafum bm acu njb}urnfamu tcbræ fblnjnurfr af jfenõj! ~ af rmaf,

enõj ecj afu crfu jfencjmu! eclc }jf ucenmbfb njb}urnf/*

]jf wmx ecjea}nbf af mftf bma lnanfjnulc! ma ufjunlcjnulc

trctcrencjf! fwfjr Af Amrm! af ofum tfrf }jf ecjemtenõj kmrmjenfa bm af ucenmbfb ~ fanlmjf ma mutìrn} bm mltrmuf bm

Grfjenf mj af umk}jbf lnfb bma unkac PNP* Af ermmjenf mj ma

bmmrlnjnulc îejnec crnmjf f acu j}mwcu kmucrmu bma njb}urnfanulc ~ u}u krfjbmu mltrmufu bm ecjur}eenõj bm rmbmu

gmrrcwnfrnfu ~ ofjefrnfu f ac afrkc ~ fje`c bma l}jbc* Trmunbmmamufoamenlnmjc bm aìjmfu lfrìnlfu ~ af ftmr}rf bm afu krfjbmu wìfu njmrcemæjnefu* Tcr øanlc! trctcrencjf }jf gnacucgìfbma trckrmuc f acu eclnufrncu bm afu krfjbmu mptcunencjmu }jnwmrufamu ,Lne`ma E`mwfanmr tfrnentfræ mj wfrnfu bm maafu, v}m

wfj f mjmr a}kfr mj Tfrìu! bmut}îu v}m Acjbrmu `}onmrf crkfjnxfbc af trnlmrf! mj ma Er~ufa Tfafem! mj 60=6* B}rfjm lm

bnc unkac! acu krfjbmu `nljcu f af njjcwfenõj îejnef mj lfmrnf

bm ecl}jnefenõj um ecjh}kfræj ecj af rmõrnef bm acu crkfjnxfbcrmu bm mucu fecjmenlnmjcu femref bm af grfmrjnbfb bm

acu t}moacu! rm}jnbcu mj ma rmenjc bm mufu /krfjbmu fufloamfu bma trckrmuc/* Uìlocac bm muf oøuv}mbf ecltfrnbf bm

af /Fucenfenõj }jnwmrufa/! af Mptcunenõj acjbnjmjum um njnenf

ecj af njf}k}rfenõj bma trnlmr efoam u}olfrnjc v}m mjafxf

Bcwmr ecj Efafnu (~ af Ocauf bm Tfrìu ecj af bm af Enr~.* Mj60>4! af Mptcunenõj }jnwmrufa bm Tfrìu enmrrf ma unkac ecj af mptfjunõj bma njwmjc bma enjmlfõkrfgc (60>=. bm acu `mrlf

jcu A}lnmrm ~ grfjv}mf af mjrfbf bm af njb}urnf bm af nlfkmj

fjnlfbf mj af rmtrmumjfenõj ufawìgnef bm af ecl}jnefenõj*

/Afu nlækmjmu fjnlfbfu ,coumrwf Yfei Acjbcj (60;7,6>67.bmrrnofj afu ofrrmrfu bm af tcormxf ~ bm a mjcrjc v}m njmr

emtfofj acu eflnjcu v}m ecjb}eìfj f af mb}efenõj! ~ bnu r n

o}~mj ma ufomr mj }j amjk}fhm v}m cbc ma l}jbc t}mbmecltrmjbmr (***\ F rfwîu bm mum lmbnc læknec! acu mprmlcu

bm af ucenmbfb um ftrcpnlfj }j tfuc mj ma njmwnfoam rmmv}nan

ornc bm af ecjbnenõj `}lfjf*/

Mj wìutmrfu bm af Trnlmrf K}mrrf L}jbnfa ! efbf kmjmrfenõj

îejnef ,maîkrfgc maîernec! maîgcjc! rfbncecl}jnefbcjmu (unjcawnbfrum bm af fwnfenõj|* mjbræ bmrme`c f u} trctnf fjìgcjf

mj af v}m um tcjm bm rmanmwm u} trctmjunõj f rm}jnr f acu `}

lfjcu mj }jf krfj gflnanf mj o}uef bm }j lnulc cohmnwc8 ma

664

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mufoamenlnmjc bm af ecjecrbnf! læu faaæ bm afu umklmjfenc

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Af rfbncecl}jnefenõj t}muf f t}jc tc r K}kanmalc Lfrec



jmu ucenfamu ~ jfencjfamu* Efbf }jc bm mucu lmbncu bm ecl}jnefenõj um `foræ ecjwmrnbc mj uìlocac bm }jf ecl}jnbfb

njmrjfencjfa funlnafbf f }j krfj crkfjnulc e}~cu lnmlorcu

ucj cbcu njmrbmtmjbnmjmu ^! tc r fjc! ucanbfracu* Acu kmõkrfgcu fjfrv}nufu! famu eclc Tncr Irctcinj! ecjur}nræj

}ctìfu v}m emamorfj af wcefenõj mlfjentfbcrf bm afu rmbmu

maîernefu rmutmec bm afu g}mrxfu bm a cue}rfjnulc ~ bm afumjbmjenfu bclnjfjmu bm af _mwca}enõj njb}urnfa f af ecj

emjrfenõj bm `clormu ~ gcr}jfu* Af mamernenbfb tfrmem umr

af wìf nbmfa tfrf ufanr bm af mrf tfamcîejnef bm af lmeæjnef ~bma wftcr* U} gampnonanbfb! u} njlfmrnfanbfb! um bnr ìf `c~ mj

bìf! fj}jenfj }j l}jbc jmcîejnec rmk}afbc tc r af bmuemj

rfanxfenõj ~ af bmuftfrnenõj bm afu /en}bfbmu mjfe}afrmu/! ma

gnj bm af r}t}rf mjrm ac }rofjc ~ ac r}rfa ! mjrm ma rfofhc bmafu lfjcu ~ ma bm af lmjm! g}mjm trnlcrbnfa bm bnwnunõj uc

enfABm muf nbmf mlfjfræj j}mwfu }ctìfu }rofjfu ~ bm c rk f

jnxfenõj rmkncjfa mj afu v}m! b}rfj m l}e`c nmltc! umnjutnrfræj frv}nmecu ~ tafjngnefbcrmu bm mutfencu* Lmjcu

umræj acu v}m um rmunufj fa umj nbc ecløj ftcrfbc tcr af

nbmcackìf mejnenuf bma trckrmuc v}m tmjmrf mj cbfu afu ecj

gmuncjmu tcaìnefu ~ v}m um trmce}tmj tcr af n jg a}mjenf bm afîejnef ucorm af crkfjnxfenõj ucenfa* Af jcwmaf bm H}anc Wmrjm!

Tfrìu mj ma unkac PP! v}m! fa rfjutcrfr fa amecr `fuf 6>74!

ecjbmjf bm gcrlf njftmafoam }jf mlmrkmjm ucenmbfb îejn

ef! mj af v}m ma }uc bma gfp! mjrm crcu! ~f mu `fon}fa! mu }jfmpemtenõj ~!bm `me`c! bmumjcjf ecj af trcb}eenõj bma f}cr

bm rmafcu bm fjnentfenõj! v}m ecltcjm u} corf mjrm 6074 ~

6>47*Malfj}uernc! rme`fxfbc tcr u} mbncr farmbmbcr bm 6074!

jc um t}oanefræ `fuf 6>>=* ]jc bm acu muerncrmu bm /enmjenf

gneenõj/ læu njmrmufjmu ,tcr e}fjc um bnrnkm cbfwìf f j}murf ecjmltcrfjmnbfb îejnef, v}m wf f ecjrfecrrnmjm bm af

ermmjenf kmjmrfanxfbf mj acu îpn cu a nomrfbcrmu bm afu læv}n

jfu bm lmbnr ~ wmjemr ma mutfe nc ~ ma nmltc! mu ma anomrfa njkaîu Ufl}ma O}amr (605=,6>4?. mj Mrm}n`cj (60;4.! fjfkrflf

bm Jc [`mrm! ma a}kfr bm jnjk}jf tfrm! ma }ctcu krnmkc* _cl

tnmjbc ecj }jf wnunõj njur}lmjfanuf bm af îejnef! nlfknjf

mj muf }ctìf acu efloncu v}m ma l}jbc bm afu læv}njfu mueftfx bm ctmrfr mj ma `clorm! mj u}u gcrlfu bm tmjufr ~ bmumjnr! mj u} u}ohmnwnbfb*

jn f tfrnr bm 60>7 `foræ bm mutmrfr! tfrfbõhneflmjm! f v}m

ecjea}~f af Krfj K}mrrf tfrf mjmr gr}cu mj ma ælonc enwna9 ~mu ecj cefunõj bm mum trnlmr ecjganec aaflfbc cfa e}fjbc

afu mejcackìfu bm ecl}jnefenõj mptmrnlmjfj }j bmenunwc

fwfjem* Maenjm ufef bm faaì f u}u trnlmrcu bce}lmjfanufu* Aferntcackìf um omjmgnenfræ bm }jf enmjenf bm af ecbngnefenõj um

ermf* Ma maîgcjc um `fem læu lõwna krfenfu f afu emjrfamu bmecjl}fenõj }nanxfbfu tcr ma e}mrtc mptmbnencjfrnc bm acuMufbcu ]jnbcu*

Mwnfr af ofrofrnm

Ma rffbc bm Wmrufaamu (6>6>. ~ af ermfenõj bm af Ucenmbfb bmJfencjmu ~ bm af Cgn enjf Njmrjfencjfa bma Rrfofhc mjefrjfj

bm fak}jf lfjmrf ma njmjc bm a amwfrf o}mj îrlnjc acu nbmfamu bm tfx v}m jc `fj bmhfbc bm bmufrrcaafrum! mutmenfalmjm

bmubm af umk}jbf lnfb bma unkac PNP! f tmufr bma mur}mjbc

bm afu frlfu ~ af nltcmjenf bm acu kconmrjcu tfrf bcfrum bm}j õrkfjc bm rmtrmumjfenõj ecløj ~ bm }jf rmkaf bm bmrme`c ecltfrnbf* Ma nbmfa bm af ecl}jnefenõj }jnwmrufa muæ

ìjnlflmjm fucenfbc f mum trcemuc bm njun}encjfanxfenõjbm acu j}mwcu lmefjnulcu bm tfx* Tfrf mltmxfr! tcrv}m aftrc~mefbf ankf bm afu jfencjmu um trctcjm a amwfr f af træenefaf nbmf bm }j /rno}jfa bm af ctnjnõj tøoanef/! umkøj af mptrmunõj bma trmunbmjm mufbc}jnbmjum R`clfu [ccbrc{ [naucj! }jc b m u}u læu gmrwnmjmu trclccrmu* A}mkc! ~ cbfwìf

ecj læu rfxõj! fa ftcrfr }j lcbmac bm mjmjbnlnmjc njmrk}omrjflmjfa*

Jfbf læu jf}rfa! e}fjbc um ufom v}m af nltafjfenõj bm afurmbmu bma maîkrfgc maîernec bnc crnkmj! f tfrnr bm 607=! f aftrnlmrf crkfjnxfenõj lcbmrjf bm fee nõj ecjemrfbf mjrm

Mufbcu,jfenõj* Muf ]jnõj Rmamkrægnef Njmrjfencjfa rmtfrnõma trnlmr mutfenc bm ga}hcu maîernecu rfjugrcjmrnxcu ~ unrwnõbm lcbmac f afu j}lmrcufu crkfjnxfencjmu njmrk}omlflmj

famu v}m um l}antanefrìfj fjmu bm v}m mufaafrf ma ecjganec*

Tmrc acu Mufbcu ]jnbcu um jmkfræj f gcrlfr tfrm bma /rno}jfa bm af ctnjnõj tøoanef/ ~ um rmg}knfræj mj ma fnuafencjnulc*F tfrnr bm 6>55! ma jfencjfaucenfanulc ftrcwme`f af njeftfen,

/*_L*FJCLFRRMAFTìR

bfb bm acu kconmrjcu tfrf mpnknr af coumrwfjenf bm }j fe}mrbc

/*gnmctcNNi8fbm af la}rf

ofrofrnm bm af Umk}jbf K}mrrf L}jbnfa! bm af v}m ma lfmlæ



bm lìjnlcu rmutmec f af }nanxfenõj bm af rfbnc ecj gnjmu tfeì,gnecu ~ ma fefflnmjc bm afu ucomrfjìfu jfencjfamu* Afu mln,uncjmu mj cjbf ecrf bm af Famlfjnf jfxn um njgnarfj mj maecjnjmjm flmrnefjc* Ecj fjmrncrnbfb `foìfj trmtfrfbc afefìbf bma efjenaamr f}urnfec Beaag}uu! fa crv}mufr }jf /k}m

rrf tunecaõknef/! amnlcnw bm Lmnj Ifltg*

Acu r}nbcu bm ocfu fucrbnjfj af wcx bm v}nmjmu! eclc ma `nu,crnfbcr mufbc}jnbmjum bm afu îejnefu! Am{nu L}lgcrb! un,k}mj tmjufjbc ! mj 6>52 v}m ecj af rfbnc af `}lfjnbfb

bnutcjm f`crf/bm mamlmjcu tfrf femrefrum f af }jnbfb tcaì,nef efun fjc eclc fjföc t}bc umr tcunoam mj afu læu tm

v}möfu en}bfbmu bma Fnem/*

Trmunjnmjbc af flmjfxf bma bclnjnc bm acu lfercunumlfu!~f umfj îejnecu c muffamu! afu /bnuctnfu/ c /ecjrf,}ctìfu/

rmg}fj muf wcefenõj wnr}cuf bm af mejcackìf* Mj 6>?4! mar}uc Mwk}mjn Xflnfnj! bm rmkrmuc f u} tfìu! eclnmjxf f muern,

onr Jcucrcu! }j rmafc ucorm afu bmuwnfencjmu jc uõac bma Muf,bc øjnec unjc flonîj bm af læv}njf v}m cbcu ecjrno}~mj fbnwnjnxfr! ecj ma v}m um kfjf afu nr fu bm af emju}rf* Ocae`mwn,

v}m! ~ a}mkc bnunbmjm! Xflnfnj lcrnræ mj ma mpnanc! mj Tfrìu!mj 6>5;* Jcucrcu bmuernom }j e}mrtc bm ln a efomxfu mj ma v}mjfbnm nmjm jclorm! bcjbm efbf }jc muæ rmtrmumjfbc tcr

}j jølmrc ~ um ecjkrf}af bm umr lcaîe}af! æclc! gfkcenc*Mj efbf }jc bm Jcucrcu! umr njbnwnb}fa ~ ecamenwc acoccln,xfbc! `f~ }j lmrõjclc njwnunoam! }j f}õlff ecj wcx bmgcjõkrfgc* Af mjgmrlmbfb mu af nlfknjfenõj* Jcucrcu umöfafma eflnjc f ]j l}jbc gmanx (6>5?. bm Fabc}u @}pam~ ~ f afucenmbfb bm mamtfjfaaf mwcefbf tcr Kmcrkm Cr{maa mj 6>02!

t}oanefbf mj 6>2>*

Af Umk}jbf K}mrrf L}jbnfa lcwnanxf f u} farmbmbcr fa ecj,h}jc bm afu mejcackìfu bm ecl}jnefenõj* Mu af e}jf bm afukrfjbmu efae}afbcrfu mamerõjnefu! fj}jenfbcrfu bm af njgcr,lænef ~! fa lnulc nmltc! bm j}mwfu mcrìfu lfmlænefu uc,orm af /njgcrlfenõj/* Mj 6>20! Jcromr [nmjmr! ma g}jbfbcrbm af enomrjînef! bnfkjcunef af g}mrxf mur}e}rfjm bm af / nj ,gcrlfenõj/8 af ucenmbfb bma g}}rc um crkfjnxfræ mj clc fmuf øanlf* Un af `}lfjnbfb jc v}nmrm efmr j}mwflmjm mj af

nec ufam rf}lfnxfbc! nmjm v}m ftrctnærumaf* Tfrf [nmjmr!mum j}mwc nbmfa um mjeflf mj af /ucenmbfb bm af njgcrlf

enõj/! tmrc fbwnmrm ecjrf acu r nmukcu bm u} tmrwmrunõj* Matrnjentfa mjmlnkc mu af mjrctìf! mu bmenr9 muf mjbmjenf v}m

nmjm af jf}rfamxf f bmur}nr ac v}m muæ crbmjfbc ~ f gfwcrm,emr af bmkrfbfenõj oncaõknef ~ ma bmucrbmj ucenfa* /Af efjn,

b fb b m njgcrlfenõj mj }j unu mlf mu af lmbnbf bm u} k rfbcbm crkfjnxfenõj9 }jf mu ma jmkfnwc bma crc/* Af njgcrlfenõj!afu læv}njfu v}m af rffj ~ afu rmbmu v}m mhmj ucj afu øjnefuv}m muæj mj ecjbnencjmu bm a}e`fr ecjrf mum nltmbnlmjc

tfrf enre}afr mj cbcu acu umjnbcu* Af ucenmbfb bm af njgcrlf

enõj jc t}mbm umr unjc }jf ucenmbfb mj af v}m af njgcrlfenõj

enre}am unj rfofu* Tcr bmgnjnenõj mu njecltfnoam ecj ma ml

ofrkc c ecj af træenef bma umermc! af bmunk}fabfb bm feemuc ~af rfjugcrlfenõj bm cbc ac v}m enre}af mj lmrefjeìf* Af tmr,unumjenf bm mucu gfecrmu jc t}mbm unjc gfwcrmemr ma fwfjembm af mjrctìf* Mj crfu tfaforfu! `femr v}m rmrcembf ma trckrmuc `}lfjc* Fa umöfafr acu couæe}acu f muf jmemufrnf anorm

enre}afenõj bm af njgcrlfenõj! ma enomrjînec um l}murf nltafefoam mj u} fjæanunu bm acu lmefjnulcu bma tcbmr* /]jf bm

afu mjumöfjxfu v}m ftcrfln corf mu v}m cbc crkfjnulc mj

e}mjrf af ec`mrmjenf bm u} feenõj mj af tcumunõj bm acu lm,bncu v}m tmrlnmj fbv}nrnr! }nanxfr! rmecrbfr ~ rfjulnnr

njgcrlfenõj* Mj }jf ucenmbfb bmlfunfbc krfjbm tfrf ma ecj,fec bnrmec bm u}u lnmlorcu! mucu lmbncu ucj af trmjuf ,anorcu! tmrnõbnecu,! af rfbnc! ma unumlf mamgõjnec! ma maîkrfgc!

ma ecrrmc! ma mfrc! afu tmaìe}afu! af mue}maf ~ af nkamunf** *F`crfonmj! tcr cbfu tfrmu jcu mjecjrflcu ecj }j rntam mjeckn,lnmjc bm acu lmbncu bm ecl}jnefenõj8 af manlnjfenõj bm aculmjcu rmjfoamu9 ma `me`c bm v}m mucu lmbncu muæj mj lf,

jcu bm }jf eafum enmrflmjm anlnfbf bm kmjm fbnjmrfbf v}m!jf}rfalmjm! mptrmuf afu ctnjncjmu bm u} eafum9 tcr øanlc! ma`me`c bm v}m! tcr umr krfjbmu frmrnfu `fenf ma tcbmr tcaìnec~ tmrucjfa! frfmj f cbcu acu flonencucu mj o}uef bm tcbmr*

Mum unumlf v}m læu v}m e}fav}nmr crc bmomrìf ecjrno}nr faf `clmcufunu ucenfa! `f efìbc bnrmeflmjm mj lfjcu bm v}nm,jmu læu um trmce}tfj tc r ma h}mkc bm a tcbmr ~ bma bnjmrc*/

Rrfjutfrmjenf! rme`fxc bm af mpea}unõj ucenf a! njmrrckfjmuucorm af aõknef bma lmrefbc8 `m fv}ì rmu e}muncjmu v}m nmjm

l}~ trmumjmu ma njwmjcr bm af nbmf bm /ucenmbfb bm af njgcr

66 *7mctcNNaefbm *** m}a}rf

jmcacknulc fe}jfbc mj mum lfrec tfrf umöfafr af ecjwmrkmj



lfenõj/! ~ v}m ecj `frf grme}mjenf umræj mueflcmfbfu tcr

crcu bnue}rucu trcgînecu afjxfbcu tcr acu tfrnbfrncu b m } jf

njgcrlfnxfenõj f }arfjxf bm af ucenmbfb*

Ma ækcrf njgcrlfnxfbf

Af lfknurfa nj}nenõj bm Jcromr [nmjmr femref bm af ucenmbfb bma g}}rc eclc /ucenmbfb bm af njgcrlfenõj/ tmrlfjm

emræ b}rfjm l}e`c nmltc f lmbnf a}x* Afu mejcackìfu bm afnjgcrlfenõj ~ af ecl}jnefenõj u}rknbfu bm af Umk}jbf K}m

rrf L}jbnfa um trcacjkfj mj crcu ecjganecu* Um bmufrrcaafj!mj trnlmr a}kfr! mj ma lfrec bm afu am~mu bm umk}rnbfb jfencjfa ~ ofhc acu f}utnencu bm acu ecjrfcu v}m wnje}afj f afu

mltrmufu mamerõjnefu ~ fmrcmutfenfamu ecj ma Tmjækcjc ~ afJFUF (Jfncjfa Fmrcjf}neu fjb Utfem Fblnjnurfncj.* Afk}mrrf grnf! af ecjv}nuf bm af A}jf ~ af efrrmrf frlflmjìunef! fuì eclc afu k}mrrfu mj Funf! fecfj ma efltc bm afu njjc

wfencjmu îejnefu ~ bm u}u }ucu trncrnfrncu*

Afmjm mj afu bnue}uncjmu mõrnefu ucorm ma fbwmjnlnmjc bm

af /ucenmbfb tcunjb}urnfa/ c ucenmbfb bma mrenfrnc! v}m um

njnenfj mj Mufbcu ]jnbcu mj acu föcu umumjf! af mptrmunõj

/ucenmbfb bm af njgcrlfenõj/ rmftfrmem ecj orìc b}rfjm afbîefbf unk}nmjm! ecj cefunõj bm afu mutme}afencjmu ucorm matftma bm afu rmbmu mamlænefu mj af j}mwf mecjclìf l}jbnfa*

Af fkmjbf af trmtfrõ mjcjemu }j mjcrjc bclnjfbc tc r afecjunkjf bm af ecjwmrunõj enwna ~ af ftanefenõj bm afu mejcackìfu bm af njgcrlfenõj ~ af ecl}jnefenõj f afu /jmemunbfbmu

bm af ucenmbfb/! ~ ~f jc uõac f afu jmemunbfbmu bm u} bmgmjufjfencjfa*

]jc bm acu mpcu mumjenf amu f rfwîu bma e}fa af trcoamlæ nefbm af ecl}jnefenõj mjrfræ bmgnjnnwflmjm mj af j}mwf mrfbma /ækcrf njgcrlfnxfbf/ mu ma njgcrlm ucorm Af njgcrlfnxf,enõj bm af ucenmbfb (6>;0.! rmbfefbc! f tmnenõj bma trmunbmjm

Wfaîr~ Knuefrb b+Mufnjk! tcr Unlõj Jcrf ~ Fafnj Lnjm* Rrfb}enbc f wfr ncu nbnclfu! lfrefræ }j `nc eclc }jc bm acu

trnlmrcu bce}lmjcu mj ma v} m }j krfj tfìu njb}urnfa tafj

mf }jf rmgampnõj ucorm acu /lmbncu tfrf mjef}xfr af njgcrlfnxfenõj bm af ucenmbfb/* Af `mrrflnmjf /mamlænef/!

enf mjrm ma crbmjfbcr! 64 f}bncwnu}fa ~ afu mamecl}jnefencjmu! mu ecjunbmrfbf mptaìenflmjm tc r acu f}crmu eclc }j

lmbnc tfrf ufanr bm af ernunu tcaìnef ~ mecjõlnef v}m fgmef faf ucenmbfb grfjemuf! }jf ernunu v}m j c b }b fj m j efrfemrnxfreclc HHernunu bm enwnanxfenõj/* Af ecl}jnefenõj mu af kfrfjìf

bm }j /j}mwc lcbc kacofa bm rmk}afenõj bm af ucenmbfb/* Acu

bcu facu g}jencjfrncu bma Mufbc! njutmecrmu bm gnjfjxfuflocu! um trmce}tfj tc r af `mkmlcjìf bm acu ofjecu bm bfcu

mufbc}jnbmjumu8 /Bmhfr v} m crcu! mu bmenr! v}m mucu øanlcu!um mjefrk}mj bm crkfjnxfr muf +lmlcrnf ecamenwf+! ~ ecjgcrlfrum ecj mprfmr bfcu! mv}nwfamf femtfr }jf fanjmfenõj e}a}rfA Af nltafjfenõj bm ofjecu bm bfcu ecjun}~m! t}mu!

}j nltmrfnwc bm ucomrfjìf*/ Tfrf mwn fr v}m ma tfìu um wmf

trnwfbc bm u} /eftfenbfb tfrf ecjrcafr u} bmunjc/! trctc

jmj }jf murfmknf njb}urnfa wca}jfrnuf bm njbmtmjbmjenf

jfencjfa mj mum ælonc* Wmrnmjm tcaìnef bma trc~mec v}m umnjmrmuf tcr af mamlænef eclc lmbnc tfrf ecjucanbfr af wc

a}jfb kmjmrfa! ecjwmjbrìf /}nanxfr af njgcrlfnxfenõj lfun

wf bm af ucenmbfb tfrf ermfr muf j}mwf +rmb+ mj af v}m efbfecl}jnbfb `clckîjmf tcbræ ecl}jnefr ecj u}u umlmhfjmu

~ ecj ma emjrc/* /Af tfaforf crfa! ecj u}u rn}famu! mv}nanorfofaf fabmf ,ecjea}~mj* Af tfaforf njgcrlfnxfbf! ~ u}u eõbnkcu!bmom rmermfr }j +ækcrf njgcrlfnwf+! fltanfbf f afu bnlmjunc

jmu bm af jfenõj lcbmrjf*/

Mj 6>04! Yefj,Nfev}mu Umrwfj,Ue`rmnomr! f}cr bma eîamorm Bm,ufgìc flmrnefjc! t}oanefbc mj acu föcu umumjf! um mjgrmjf fcrc rmc m j }jf j}mwf corf! Ma bmufgìc l}jbnfa! t}oanefbf!

unl}aæjmflmjm! mj }jf wmnjmjf bm amjk}fu* ]j mprfec bm

af corf rmu}lm af munu bmufrrcaafbf tcr Umrwfj,Ue`rmnomr8 /RcS

bcu acu njmjcu tfrf fe}bnr mj f~}bf bm acu tfìumu bma RmremrL}jbc bmubm `fem læu bm rmnjf föcu `fj grfefufbc*** F`crf onmj! Ceenbmjm jc t}mbm xfgfrum bm af ernunu ~ eflnjfr `f

enf }j tamjc mltamc bm afu gfe}a fbmu bm efbf }jc! un jc mumv}ntfjbc ~ bmufrrcaafjbc cbc ma Rmremr L}jbc*/ Ma crbm

jfbcr rmtrmumjf }jf `mrrflnmjf trcwnbmjenfa v}m tmrlnm

v}m acu tfìumu tcormu v}mlmj m ftfu bma bmufrrcaac ~ ufamj`fuf af ucenmbfb tcunjb}urnfa unj rmecrrmr afu mftfu njmr

lmbnfu* Tcr fjc! `f~ v}m 66 bmbnefr f af njgcrlfnxfenõj l}j

bnfa acu e}fjncucu rme}rucu gnjfjenmrcu v}m rmv}nmrm/* Tfrf

ftc~fr u} frk}lmjfenõj! Umrwfj,Ue`rmnomr um njutnrfof fl

66 ;EHmctcaaraefbmaf {a}rf

efencjmu! afu mmrjfu trclmufu `me`fu tc r ma tcbmr tøoanec mj



tanflmjm mj acu fjæanunu bma mufbc}jnbmjum Fawnj Rcggamrv}nmj! mj R`m R`nrb [fwm! `foafof bma /u}tmreclofm bm lföfjf/! jc ~f eclc ma bm rnecu ~ tcormu c ma bma Mum ecjrf maCmum! unjc eclc fv}ma mj ma v}m um mjgrmjfj/v}nmjmu njmj

fj ecjumrwfr ~ ufawfk}frbfr af ucenmbfb njb}urnfa ~ v}nmjmu

~f muæj trmtfrfbcu tfrf u}tmrfraf/* Acu +Frefnecu/ ~ acu /Lc

bmrjcu/!

³V}î tcrwmjnr bmtfrfrcj f mucu bnfkjõunecu trcutmenwcu

afu tcaìnefu bm ufanbf bm af ernunu v}m um u}embnmrcj b}rfjm acuföcu ce`mjf3 Bmhmlcu fjmu v}m Mrne Am Oc}e mr! mutmenfanuf bm AmLcjbm mj mucu mlfu! `fkf ofafjem! mj mjmrc bm 6>078/Ma njgcrlm Jcrf,Lnjm `f u nbc muern c mj af îtcef mj v}m acu

wfacrmu bm af nxv}nmrbf ce}tfofj mj Grfjenf af trnlmrf gnaf bmamuemjfrnc nbmcaõknec* Njmjfof bfr }jf wnunõj fltanf! tcaìnef! bma fecjmemr* @c~ ~f jc mu îum ma efuc* Jfbnm um mjrmkf

~f f famu mhmrenencu* Ma +trfklfnulc+ v}m um trmecjnxf mpea}~m af rmgampnõj* F af nxv}nmrbf! ma muv}mlf mu ma lnulc v}m f af

bmrme`f8 e}fjc læu um njgcrlfnxf ma tfìu! læu um lcbmrjnxf!læu tcunonanbfbmu nmjm bm +kfjfr+ grmjm f acu crcu mj af ern,unu* Jc `f~ mameenõj*/ Mj e}fjc fa kmjmrcuc trc~mec bm Ymfj

Yfev}mu Umrwfj,Ue rmnomr9 rmenonõ }jf mj}unfuf fecknbf tc r

tfrm bma Maìumc v}m ac ftc~õ bmenbnbflmjm bmubm acu trnlmrcu lmumu bm trmunbmjenf bm Trfjecnu Lnmrrfjb! ecj u} njnenfnwf bm ermfr }j emjrc l}jbnfa bm njgcrlænef* Matmrncbnufgrfjeîu jc frbõ mj njwnfr f rmjclorfbcu enmjìgnecu tfrf rffr mum fu}jc* Mjrm crcu! acu mufbc}jnbmjumu Um~lc}r Tftmr ~ Jne`cafu Jmkrctcjm! wnje}afbcu flocu fa Lmbnf Afo(bma v}m mum øanlc! tc r enmrc! `foìf unbc g}jbfbcr mj 6>;>.bma Lfuufe`}umu Njun}m cg Rme`jcack~! fuì eclc j}lmrc

ucu njwmunkfbcrmu bm af ]jnwmrunbfb bm Tnuo}rk`* Tmrc mufuornaafjmu ecjrno}encjmu jc ofufrcj tfrf trcacjkfr læu faaæbm bcu föcu af fwmj}rf enmjìgnef m njmame}fa*

Bm af bmlcerfenf f af bmlcerfenf bm lmrefbc

Ecj af trnwfnxfenõj ~ af bmurmk}afenõj bm acu unumlfu bm ecl}jnefenõj! mptrmufbfu mj acu föcu ce`mjf tc r af ecjw}a

unõj bma tfjcrflf f}bncwnu}fa ~!b}rfjm af unk}nmjm bîefbf!tc r ma bmulfjmaflnmjc bm afu njun}encjmu bm mamecl}jn,

rmafenõj ecj acu omjmgnencu ucenfamu bm af rmwca}enõj mejcaõknef trcjc mwnbmjenfrcj u}u ecjrfbneencjmu* Ma Mufbc omjm

gfecr ,,mj ma tafjc jfencjfam njmrjfencjfa,`f unbcbmuocrbfbc

tc r afu aõknefu lmrefjnamu* F~mr cbfwìf ucomrfjcu mj af mj}j

enfenõj bm lfercmurfmknfu bm mptfjunõj bm afu rmbmu ! acu fe

crmu bm af kmctcaìnef `fj rfulnnbc ma rmamwc f ac u

trcfkcjnufu bm af kmcmecjclìf! f af mutmrf! oæuneflmjm mucu øanlcu! bm v}m acu trnlmrcu bmrrnomj afu øanlfu ofrrmrfu

h}rìbnefu v}m cbfwìf um ctcjmj f af ecjur}eenõj bm }j lmrefbc,l}jbc cfalmjm ga}nbc* Af bmlcerfenf trclmnbf nmjbm f ecjg}jbnrum ecj ma fbwmjnlnmjc bm af kacofa bmlcerfne

lfrimtafem*

Afjxfbc mj 6>>5! ofhc ma ecjemtc bm /u}tmrf}ctnuf bm afnjgcrlfenõj/ (njgcrlfncj u}tmr`nk {f~.! ma trc~mec bm /rmb

bm rmbmu/ bm a kconmrjc mufbc}jnbmjum `f eflonfbc wfrnfu

wmemu bm bmjclnjfenõj! tcjnmjbc bm lfjngnmuc }jf murfm

knf mj wfrnfu mftfu* Fj}jenfbc njnenfalmjm eclc bm }uc nj

mrjc! ma trc~mec fltanõ u} ælonc bm ecltmmjenf ~!trckrmunwflmjm! bmhõ v}m gnarfrf }jf murfmknf `mkmlõjnef

bm mjwmrkfb}rf l}jbnfa* Ma Bmtfrflmjc bm Mu fbc ac `f

bmjclnjfbc u}emunwflmjm8 njgrfmur}e}rf jfencjfa bm njgcrlfenõj (jfncjfa njgcrlfncj njgrfur}e}rm,JNa.! njgrfmur}e}rf kacof a bm njgcrlfenõj (kacofa njgcrlfncj njgrfur}e}rmKNa.! ucenmbfb kacofa bm af njgcrlfenõj (kacofa njgcrlfncj =4,

enm~.*

F muefaf tafjmfrnf! af trclmuf bm }jf j}mwf bmlcerfenf ~ bm

rmuca}enõj bm acu krfjbmu bmumv}nanorncu ucenfamu krfenfu f afumejcackìfu bm af njgcrlfenõj u}tcjm }jf e}munõj trmwnf8 un

}umbmu v}nmrmj ufefr trcwme`c bm af j}mwf ft}muf mejcaõknef tfrf umr ecltmnnwcu mj af mecjclìf kacofa! nmjmj v}m

fornr u}u lmrefbcu ~ bmurmk}afr u}u unumlfu bm mamecl}jnefencjmu* Ma wnemtrmunbmjm bm acu Mufbcu ]jnbcu jc mu}wc

l} ~ njutnrfbc fa tcjmr ma efuc bm Lîpnec eclc mhmltac bm

acu îpncu bm afu tcaìnefu bm ftmr}rf* Ftmjfu }jcu lmumu bmut}îu bm af rm}jnõj bm O}mjcuFnrmu (6>>2.!mum ornaafjm fa}ljc bma Ofjec L}jbnfa mufof u}lnbc mj }jf ernunu gnjfjenmrfunj trmembmjmu v}m ac mjìf fa ocrbm bma ecaftuc ucenfa! lnmjrfu fuclfofj crcu }ucu bm af rmb bm rmbmu fa umrwnenc bma

660FgQLFJBLF!RRMAF_R

eclofm /ecjrf ma jmcanomrfanulc ~ tcr af `}lfjnbfb/! njn

664ñmctcaarref bmaf{a}rf

Onoanckrfgìf



enfbc bmubm E`nftfu tc r ma lcwnlnmjc jmcxftfnuf*

/Afu eafwmu bm j}murc tcrwmjnr/

E}fjbc **c Mufbcu,jf!bõj um ` f e z j eõltanemu bm u} trctnc

bmutcumnlnmjc! acu bnue}rucu mrjnnbcu tc r acu fecrmu bma

lmrefbc mj ma l}jbc a norm bma enomrmutfenc nmjmj gcrxcuflmjm ma wnmjc mj tctf* /Mum `clorm nmjm afu aafwmu bm j}mu

rc tcrwmjnr/9 mum muackfj,uìlocac gnk}rf mj ma n j mr nc r bm afecjrftcrfbf bm Eflnjc fa g}}rc! bm Onaa Kfmu* Un ma g}jbfbc r ~ trmunbmjm bm Lnercucg (trnlmr mbncr l}jbnfa bm ucg{frm tfrf lnerccrbmjfbcrmu. ecjufkrf }j eftì}ac f afm3}efenõj eclc /lmhcr njwmrunõj/! afu aafwmu v}m jcu trctcr

ecjf mj a z z r c u eftì}acu t f z 3 k}nfr j}murc tcrwmjnr umtfrmemj lfu onmj f }j f jfwmkffcj f rfwîu bma eclmrenc mame r õ z n e c ! aaflfbc /lmrefbc øanlc/! ma /krfj falfeîj tafjm

frrc z c z b z acu z j ! n l f a m u ucen!famu v}m uclcu ! wmjbmræj!

j m k z f f r f j ! l w m r r f ! j ! | m k f z m f r f z ! mueckmræj! bnue}nræj! tfu m z r f j ! um mjecjrfrfj* Af njgctnuf `fem! tc r gnj! rmfanxfoamma Nbmfa bm Fbfl Uln`! bma /eftnfanulc anorm bm grneencjmu/*Mj e}fjc f afu rmtmre}uncjmu ucenfamu bm muf /j}mwf gnmormbma crc/ bma kîjmrc `}lfjc! ma f}cr ftmjfu un afu rcxf mj }j

eftì}ac v}m! mj af mbnenõj grfjemuf! aamwf tc r ì}ac /Bnamllmu/ ~ mj af mutföcaf /E}muncjmu g}jbflmjfamu/* Um muæ

l}~ emref bm afu n a}uncjmu fecltföfbfu bm nbcafrìf bmj}j

enfbfu z c T f z a Wnrnanc! e } 3 j z c fbwnmrm ecjrf af / t z a ì n e f bmac tm!3r v}m om*jbm f u z u z } z 9 af bmlcerfenf tfrnentfnwf tcr}jf bmlcerfenf mamerclef ! kmjmrfbcrf bm fnuaflnmjc*

/Ma u}möc jc nmjm jnjkøj wfacr* Afu wnuncjmu jc e}mufj jfbf*

Tcr m z mu tcr * a v ! z m jc ecjun}~mj mj lcbc f ak}jc }j f

wmjfhf *ecltmnnwf !rmefaef ma `clorm bm jmkcencu v}m um `fecjwmrnbc mj ma `clorm læu rnec bma l}jbc krfenfu fa crbm

j f b z r * T z r c ! eclc un um bnue}atfrf tcr u} trfklfnulc lmr8,fja ! en f !9!j z c z e f u n c j m u f Fjcnjm bm Ufnj,Mp}tîr~*

îa+}mbm fak}nmj Nlfklfr v}m ma f}cr bm Ma trnjentnc femtfrffamu f}utnencu3

Ormcj! T! A]ctnm bm af ecll}jnefìcj! Tfrìu! Af Bîec}wmrm!6>>= Yrfb* efu*8Aj }ctìf bm af ecl}jnefenõj8 ma lnc bm af fabmfkacofa! O}mjcu Fnrmu! J}mwf Wnunõj! ?444\*

Efmu! 0*! Af _c}m b} g}}r ! Tfrìu! Afggcj! 6>>7 Yrfb* efu* 8Eflnjc fa g}}rc! Lfbrnb! LeKrf{,@naa Njmrflmrnefjf bm

Mutföf! 6>>=\*

Lea*}`fj! L* ^Gncrm! V*! K}mrrm m tfnpbfju am wnaafkm tafjîfn,rm! Tfrìu! Afggcj! 6>;4 Yrfb* efu*8 K}mrrf ~ tfx ma& af fabmf kacofn! Ofremacjf! Lfrìjmx _cef! 6>;6\*

Lfmafr! F*! Af ecl}jnefenõj,l}jbc* @nucrnf bm afu nbmfu ~ bmafu z u r f m k n f u ! Lfbrnb! T}jbmuec* 6>>5aLîpnec! Unkac PPN! 6>>;\9Af njcejfõj bm af ecl}jnefenõj! Ofremacjf! Ocue ! 6>>= YLîpn

ec! Unkac PPN! 6>>7H9 @nucrnf bmaf }ctìf tafjmfrnf* Bmaf en}bfbtrcgînef f af ucenmbfb kacofa! Ofremacjf#O}mjcu Fnrmu! Tfnbõu!?y.y.(.*

L}uuc! T*! Rîaîecll}jnefncju m t`nacuct`nm bmu rîumf}p* Af tcu,îrìî tfrfbcpfam bm Ufnj,Unlcj! Tfrìu! T]G! 6>>;*

Jmkrctcjm! J*! N8@cllm j}lîrìv}e! Tfrìu! Afggcj! 6>>=Nrfb*efu*8 L}jbc Bnknfa! Ofremacjf! Mbnencjmu O@! ?444\*

Jcr f! U* ~ Lnjm! F! r9¦jgcrlfnufncj bm af ucenîî! Tfrìu! Bce}l m z f n c j grfjefnum! 6>;0 Yrfb* efu*8 Af njgcrlfnxfenõj bm af

ucenmbfb! Lîpnec! Gcjbc bm E}a}rf Mecjõlnef! 6>0?\*

Umrwfj,Ue`rmnomr9 H * z H * ! AmBîgnlcjbnfa! Tfrìu! Tf~frb! 6>04 (rfb*efu*8 Ma bmufgìc l}jbnfa! Muta}k}mu bm Aacormkf ! Tafxf ' Hfjîu! 6>0?\*

Rcggamr! F* Af Rrenunîlm wfk}m! Tfrìu! Bmjcîa! 6>04 Yrfb* efu* 8Af mremrf caf! Ra/ mb*! Ofremacjf! Tafxf ' Yfjîu! 6>>=\*

Wnrnanc! T! E~omrlcaabm! af tcannv}m b} tnrm! Tfrìu! Nmp}ma! 6>>7*

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[nmjmr! J*! E~omrjmneu9 Ecjrca fjb Ecrjl}jnefncj nj `m Fjn,



lfa fjb m Lfe njm! Eflornbkm! Lfuu*! LNR Trmuu! 6>20 Yrfb*efu*8 Enomrjînef c ma ecjre ~ af ecl}jnefenõj mj fjnlfamu ~

læv}njfu! Ofremacjf! R}uv}mu! 6>0=\*

EFTÌR]AC ;³@fenf }jf ucenmbfb kacofa

bm af njgcrlfenõj3Af efrrmrf tcr ma bclnjnc bm afu rmbmu bm mjwmrkfb}rf tafjmfrnf um `f femamrfbc jcfoamlmjm b}rfjm af umk}jbf lnfbbm acu föcu jcwmjf! ofhc ma mgmec bm af bmurmk}afenõj ~ aftrnwfnxfenõj bm afu mamecl}jnefencjmu* Afu f}ctnuf3 bm afnjgcrlfenõj um `fj ecjwmrnbc mj uìlocacu* Um `fj fe}öfbcj}lmrcucu jmcacknulcu! mj tfrne}afr af mptrmunõj /ucenmbfbkacofa bm af njgcrlfenõj/! v}m um nlt}uc* ³V}î trc~mec bmrmcrbmjfenõj bma l}jbc um u}tcjm v}m mjenmrrf3 ³Mu ftrmenfoam ~f af bnufjenf v}m lmbnf mjrm afu kmjmrcufu trclmufuv}m `fj gfwcrmenbc u} mjrcjnxfenõj mj ma amjk}fhm fblnjnu

rf nwc ~ af rmfatcanni v}m bnrnkm af ecjur}eenõj bm }j j}mwccrbmj mejc,njgcrlfnwc3 ³V}î umjnbc `f~ v}m bfram f afnrr}tenõj bm j}mwcu fecrmu ucenfamu v}m um ftrctnfj bm afumejcackìfu bm njgcrlfenõj ~ ecl}jnefenõj tfrf v}m um cnkfu} wcx ecjmuffrnf mj ma muemjfrnc l}jbnfa3 ³Fefuc fj}jenfma jfenlnmjc bm }j j}mwc mutfenc tøoanec l}jbnfa3

Mj h}anc bm ?(P.(.! mj af e}lorm v}m acu rm}jìf mj Cinjf{f! acutfìumu bma KO yacu tfìumu læu njb}urnfanxfbcu. ftrcofrcj }jfEfrf ucorm af /ucenmbfb kacofa bm af njgcrlfenõj/! Mj gmormrcbm 6>>=! crf e}lorm! v}m um `foìf bmufrrcaafbc mj Or}umafu!`foìf rf ng nefbc af jcenõj mj trmumjenf bm facu rmutcjufoamubm afu krfjbmu gnrlfu njgcrlænefu ~ fmrcmutfenfamu bm Flîrnef bma Jcr m ! M}rctf ~ Hftõj* Mj }j bnue}ruc n}afbc /Trclmuf bm }j J}mwc Crbmj L}jbnfa bm af Njgcrlfenõj/! FaKcrm `foìf fknfbc bm j}mwc ma umö}mac bm }j tafjmf læubmlcerænec ~ læu trõutmrc krfenfu f afu wnr}bmu anomrfbcrfubm afu mejcackìfu bnknfamu* ^ acu tfrnentfjmu `foìfj feaflfbc afu ecjea}uncjmu un}fbfu ofhc ma unkjc bma /mjrnv}menlnmjc `}lfjc/! f}j e}fjbc ma cohmnwc bm af rm}jnõj mrf ucormcbc ma bm fucenfr af njnenfnwf trnwfbf f af nltafjfenõj bm aæg}}rf frv}nme}rf bm afu rmbmu tafjmfrnfu ~! tfrf ecjumk}nr,

6? *Fg[FJCLFRRMAF*g+*R

ac! femamrfr af anomrfanxfenõj bm acu umrwnencu tøoanecu* ]j fe}mr

6?+ñmctcganef bm 666la}rf

amu ~ a}mkc bm faefjem tafjmfrnc! `f umrwnbc bm bmcjfbcr* Af



bc æenc `foìf njenfbc f acu krfjbmu tfìumu njb}urnfamu f jc

focrbfr mlfu eclc ma mltamc c ma /ecjmjnbc/ bm mufu j}m

wfu rmbmu! /bmlfunfbc tcaîlnefu! tcr jf}rfamxf/*

Mjrm mucu bcu fecjmenlnmjcu um trcb}eìf }jf bmenunõj nrrmwmrunoam! v}m `f rfucrjfbc ma crbmjflnmjc bma mutfenc ec

l}jnefencjfa l}jbnfa* Mj mjmrc bm 6>>0!bmut}îu bm rmu föcubm jmkcenfencjmu mj ma lfrec bm af Crkfjnxfenõj L}jbnfa bma

Eclmrenc! mjrfof mj w nkcr ma fe}mrbc bm ftmr}rf f af ecltmmjenf bm acu lmrefbcu jfencjfamu bm mamecl}jnefencjmu!

fa v}m `foìfj aamkfbc! ma föc fjmrncr! umumjf ~ ce`c bm acuenmjc rmnjf ~ enjec kconmrjcu* V}mbfof fonmr f fuì af wìftfrf af gcrlfenõj bm krfjbmu kr}tcu l}anlmbnf* Afu lmkfg}uncjmu,fbv}nunencjmu ~ afu tfrnentfencjmu `fj femrefbc afunjb}urnfu bma ecjmjnbc f acu ctmrfbcrmu bm af rmb* Maecjrca!mj mjmrc bm ?444! tc r tfrm bm FCA! trnlmr u}lnjnurfbcr

l}jbnfa bm feemuc f Njmrjm! bma jølmrc }jc l}jbnfa bm acukr}tcu l}anlmbnf Rnlm,[frjmr! b}möc mjrm c rfu bm af ef

bmjf kacofa EJJ! `f ecjun}nbc af e}lorm bm mum trcemuc*]j lfrnlcjnc fa v}m trcjc umk}nræ af foucrenõj bm af lfhcrjcrmflmrnefjf ]jnwmrufa tcr tfrm bma kr}tc grfjeîu Wnwmj

bn,Efjfa )* Mufu g}uncjmu na}urfj af femamrfenõj bm acu trcemucu bm ecjemjrfenõj f muefaf tafjmfrnf mj ma umecr bm aculmbncu fuì eclc af ermenmjm nltcrfjenf bm acu ctmrfnwcu

gnjfjenmrcu*

Acu grfefucu bm l}e`cu bm acu lmkfmurfmkfu bm afu mamecl}jnefencjmu ~ 64 f}bncwnu}fa flonîj bml}murfj ucorfbflmjm afu mjcrlmu njemrnb}lormu v}m ce}af af rmõrnef bm afecjv}nuf bma lmrefbc,l}jbc*

Ac v}m `fj t}muc bm lfjngnmuc l}e`cu bm acu trcemucu mjfoafbcu ecjrf lmkfkr}tcu mj bngne}afbmu! mu v}m af fj efefrmfbf rfjutfrmjenf um bnu}mawm mj af ctfenbfb bm afuecjfonanbfbmu*

@fenf afu f}ctnufu bm af njgcrlfenõj

Af t}muf mj lfre`f tc r af trnlmrf fblnjnurfenõj Eanjcjbma trckrflf bm u}tmrf}ctnufu bm af njgcrlfenõj! jfencjf,

]jnõj M}rctmf `f ftrmu}rfbc ma tfuc! ac lnulc v}m tfìumufj bnwmrucu eclc F}urfanf! Efjfbæ c Gnjafjbnf* F tfrnr bm

acu föcu eafwm 6>>5 ~ 6>>2! um bnutfrõ mj Or}umafu }jf bnjæln

ef bm njgcrlmu bm njwmunkfencjmu g}jencjfamu ~ bm trc~mecuv}m `f ernufanxfbc mj }j ecjh}jc bm rmtrmumjfencjmu ctmrfnwfu ucorm af ucenmbfb bma g}}rc bnknfa* Ma kconmrjc bm acu

Mufbcu ]jnbcu! f u} wmx! `foìf }onefbc u} trckrflf mj maælon c bm af ecjv} nu f bm af `mkmlcjìf mejcaõknef* Ecj maafjxflnmjc bma ecjemtc bm u}tmrf}ctnufu* munlfof v}m*

muf jfe nõj mrf af lmhcr un}fbf tfrf kfjfr af ft}muf bm afnjkmjnmrìf bm af njgcrlfenõj* Af lmhcr ecacefbf tfrf fbmafj

frum bm gcrlf u}u fje nf a f u}u ecltmnbcrmu krfenfu f }jf

tcunenõj bclnjfjm mj ma lmrefbc bm acu j}mwcu /umrwnencubm lfjnt}afenõj bm uìlocacu/! umkøj af mptrmunõj bm a mecjc, +

lnuf _coer _mne ! lnjnurc bm rfofhc bm Eanjcj* Jc mu efu}fanbfbv}m af ftfrnenõjbm afjcenõj bm u}tmr`nk`{f~ubnknfamuumf ecjmltcræjmf bm af bm /j}mwf mecjclìf/*

Af ]jnõj M}rctmf rmfeencjfrìf ecj af lf~cr emamrnbfb! cbfwmx v}m ma föc 6>>5 `foìf mrlnjfbc mj }j mjgrmjflnmjc

ecj afu f}crnbfbmu bm [fu`njkcj mj ma lfrec bma KFRN ucorm /mpemtenõj e}a}rfa/* Um rmgcrxfof fuì ma trnjentnc bm }jf

tcaìnef ecl}jnfrnf bm ecjur}eenõj bm }jf njb}urnf f}bnc

wnu}fa m}rctmf* Tmrc ac f}bncwnu}fa jc t}mbm clfrum mj ecjunbmrfenõj unj tmjufr mj u}u ecj mp nc jm u ecj af u

mamecl}jnefencjmu ~ af njgcrlænef * Ma Anorc oafjec bm Yfev}mu Bmacru! fa nbmjngnefr acu /rmcu ~ afu tnufu tfrf mjrfr mjma unkac PPN/ trmtfrf af njrcb}eenõj bma mlf bm af /ucenmbfbkacofa bm af njgcrlfenõj/ mj afu tmrutmenwfu murfîknefu bm af

]jnõj M}rctmf*

Af njga}mjenf bm a bmmrlnjnulc îejnec

Bcu anorcu wmrbmu! trmtfrfbcu ofhc af u}tmrwnunõj bma eclnufrnc bm Rmamecl}jnefencjmu Lfrìj Ofjkmlfjj! tc r }j kr}tc

bm mptmrcu trcembmjmu bm af njb}urnf bm afu mamecl}jnefencjmu ~ bm ac f}bncwnu}fa! mptanenfj ma tmrgna bma trc~mececl}jnfrnc bm af j}mwf mrf bm af njgcrlfenõj* Ma trnlmrc!

v}m um `nxc tøoanec mj lf~c bm 6>>2! aamwfof tcr ì}ac! mjgrfjeîu! A+M}rctm m af ucenîî bm a+ìaagcrlfncj tafjîfnrm* Tmrc

6? +FaWâFJBLFRRMaFgQR

umræ f tfrnr bm af wmrunõj mj amjk}f njkamuf Kacofa Ucenm~ cgNjgcrlfncj e}fjbc um kmjmrfanxfræ ma }uc bm af mptrmunõj * Ma

aC +7mctcNNbefbm af{a}rf

~ tcaìnecu bngmrmjmu* Mjrm mufu bnwmrkmjenfu n j r f e z l } j n *



umk}jbc njgcrlm! t}oanefbc mj bnenmlorm bm 6>>;! rff bm afunltanefencjmu! tfrf af rmkaflmjfenõj! bm af ecjwmrkmjenf bmacu umecrmu bm afu mamecl}jnefencjmu! acu lmbncu ~ afu mejc

ackìfu bm af njgcrlfenõj* Jc `fem unjc ecjgnrlfr afu crnmjfencjmu }arfanomrfamu bma fjmrncr* @f~ v}m trmenufr v}m mj h}anc

bm 6>>; ma trmunbmjm Eanjcj `foìf mpt}muc af bcernjf bmz f u ` n j k z c j mj rmafenõj ecj ma eclmrenc mamerõjnec8 acu kconmlcu nmjmj v}m rmutmfr af jf}rfamxf crnknjfa bm mum lmbnc ~ femtfr v}m af ecltmmjenf kacofa ~ afu bmenuncjmu bma

ecju}lnbcr bmgnjfj afu rmkafu bma h}mkc bma lmrefbc bnknfanxfbc* Mj jclorm bm af ecjwmrkmjenf mejcaõknef ~ bm afu coankfencjmu bm af ecltmmjenf mj }j lmrefbc l}jbìfanxfbc! um

trctcjm uclmmr f acu rmu ume c rmu f }j lnulc rîknlmj h}rìb nec ~! fa lnulc nmltc! fankmrfr ~ unltangnefr af rmkaflmjf

enõj! fanjmfbf ecj /afu g}mrxfu bma lmrefbc/* Ac v}m mv}nwfamf tcjmr mj ]r9 tn*m bm nk}fabfb }jf aaflfbf mamgõjnef ~ }j

t z c k 9 r f l f f}b}3wau}fa* A rmut}muf z z Ecjumhc u}tmrncr f}

bNc!3,u}fa gr!fjemu jc um `nxc mutmrfr 8* Ma Anorc wmrbm um ftc~fmj enmrc *j}lmrc bm tcu}afbcu îejnecu! tcaìnecu ~ h}rìbnecuv}m ecjwnmjm fmj}fr mj krfj lmbnbf*** Umk}nræ unmjbc jmemufrnf }jf g}mrm rmk}afenõj tfrf kfrfjnxfr ma mv}nanornc bm a

lmrefbc ~ af trmumrwfenõj bma njmrîu kmjmrfa*** Ma umecr f}bncwnu}fa bmom umk}nr u nmjbc cohmc bm }jf rmkaflmjfenõj

mutmeìg nef f af wnu f bm acu rmcu v}m nltanef u} mhmrenenc! mjtjlmr a}kfr af a nomr fb bm mptrmunõj*/ Fa ecjea}n r ma bmofm!acu lnmlorcu bm af ]jnõj! gnjfalmjm! jc um njeanjfrcj tc r afctenõj bm lìjnlcu*

Rclfbf fa tnm bm af a m rf ! af nbmf bm /ucenmbfb kacof a bm af

njgcrlfenõj/ nltanef! e}fjbc lmjcu! trc~mecu ecl}jmum j z z m wfrncu ucencu* Fuì ac bnc f mjmjbmr! tcr mhmltac! af rm}*jN*cj bm!aE3; mj gmormrc z 6>>=!e}fjbc um bmgnjnmrcj acu trnjENtNCU oæunecu tfrf af Njuf}rfenõj bm }jf ucenmbfb bm af

njgcrlfenõj f muefaf tafjmfrnf ~ um fj}jenõ }jf bmemjf bmtrc~mecu ecctmrfnwcu v}m nofj mj muf bnrmeenõj* F`crf onmj!

um n l t z l m }*jf coumrwfenõj8 ecj cefunõj bm af nltafjfenõj

bm afu njgctnufu mj efbf tfìu! rmu}rkmj afu mutmengnenbfbmu

jfencjfamu! v}m rmgamhfj ecjgnk}rfencjmu ecjermfu bm fecrmunjuerncu mj ecjmpcu njun}encjfamu! e}a}rfamu! njb}urnfamu

frnfu ~ mufu,aaflfbfu fa c rb mj tcr t frm b m afu rmfanbfbmu

unjk}afrmu! um mje}mjrf! unj z } b f ! }jf bm ! z f u z f x c j m u bm afrmõrnef mprmlfbflmjm flonk}f ucorm af ucenmbfb bma ec,

jfenlnmjc/* Bm maac bf gm! mj lfrxc bm ?444! b}rfjm af e}l

orm mecjõlnef ~ ucenfa m}rctmf bm Anuocf! af bmeafrfenõj bmacu hmgmu bm Mufbc bm af ]jnõj v}m um z l n f j f mp`crfr f acu

bcemjmu nf v} m um ecjwnmrfj mj }u}fjcu bm Njmrjm&

Unj mlofrkc! mu tcunoam! ~ mpnum! crc bnue}ruc z c o r m af uc*bmbfb bm af njgflfenõj* Eclc ac bml}murf ma njgcrlm gnjfamjefrkfbc tc r af trctnf Eclnunõj M}rctmf f }j /kr}tc bm

mptmrcu bm fac jnwma ~ bnunjfu j f e n c j f a n b z b m u / ! f n z z c u f afnjun}enõj! ucorm af /ucenmbfb m}rctmf bm af njgcrlfenõj t f z fcbcu/* Mj mum bce}lmjc! t}oanefbc mj 6>>;! t}mbm ammrum!mj ecjermc8 /Mj j}murc njgcrlm trcwnuncjfa! ~f bmufeæof

lcu af f}umjenf bm njmkrfenõj ucenfa mj ma bmofm m}rctm3

ucorm af ucenmbfb bm af njgcrlfenõj ~ ernneæoflcu ma bmmrln

jnulc mejcaõknec bm }jf krfj tfr m bma bnue}ruc mejcaõknec

bm acu mptmrcu* F`crf onmj af g}}rf ucenmbfb bm af njgcrlfenõj m}rctmf tafjmf j}lmrcufu bmufgìcu ucenfamu* Mucu rmcurfuenmjbmj af nbmf unltanuf bm }jf rætnbf fbftfenõ/9 f }j

tcrwmjnr bmmrlnjfbc tcr ma mlt}hm + m p m z c r + bm a eflonc mejcaõknec! fa v}m acu njbnwnb}cu jc ufomj eclc *feembmr ~ mj ma

v}m jc t}mbmj tfrnentfr*/ ]j3 z acu t!&jcu Nltcrfjmu b mum bce}lmjc! v}m jc mu cgnenfa! ecjunum mj ucefwfr af W6,

unõj rmbmjcrf bm af mejcackìf bnknfa8 /Faf wnuf bma rnmukc bm

rmgcrxfr af wmjfhf bm fak}jfu rmkncjmu! bmomræ nltafjfrum

}j trcemuc m}rctmc bm ftrmjbnxfhm ~ rme}tmrfenõj bm acu rm

rfucu/*

]j wnmhc trcoamlf

]jf wmx læu mj af `nucrnf acu bnue}rucu bm fecltföflnmjc

bm afu mejcackìfu muæj ecjbmjfbcu f af fljmu nf * Fa t rce aflfr af /Efrf bm af ucenmbfb kacofa bm af njgcrlfenõj/! ma kr}»

tc bm tfìumu læu n j b } u r n f a n x f b z u ! rm}jnbc ecj cefunõj *bm afe}lorm bm Cinjf{f `f rmecjcenbc ucamljmlmjm af mpnumj

enf bm }jf /grfe}rf l}jbnfa mj ma ælonc bm af njgcrlfenõj ~ma ecjcenlnmjc/* Njea}uc um `f bnumöfbc }j tafj bm offaaf ~um `f ecjun}nbc }j f g}mrxf ctmrfencjfa bm mptmrcu! af

NX*Fr**wwc**JBLF*RRMAF_R

Bc*gcrem (Bnknfa Cttcr}jn~ Rfui Gcrem.! tfrf mjecjrfr

uca}encjmu eftfemu bm nltmbnr v}m um mjufje`m ma fonulc mj

NX+Vmctc nñefbm afla}rf

mj }jf ufanbf bm af mutnrfa bm tcormxf! njh}unenf ~ wncamjenf*Unj mlofrkc! af `nucrnf trctcrencjf }jf mjumöfjxf læu nl



rm acu /njgc,rnecu/ ~ acu /njgc,tcormu/* B}rfjm af e}lorm

crkfjnxfbf mj Or}umafu enjec föcu fjmu ftmjfu un um `fo ìfcefbc ma fu}jc bm af /grfe}rf bnknfa/! fjm af g}mrm nltcunenõj bma trcgmnulc îejnec* Mpnuìf! jc coufjm! fjmu njea}uc bm af trceaflf bm Cinjf{f! }j bnue}ruc ucorm ma tmankrc bm

bmunk}fabfb! v}m `foìf unbc trcj}jenfbc b}rfjm crf e}lorm bm acu tfìumu læu njb}urnfanxfbcu* Mj h}}nm bm 6>0?! b},

rfjm af e}lorm emamorfbf mj ma efunaac bm Wmrufaamu ~ e}fjbc

jc um `foafof cbfwìf ftmjfu bm ucenmbfb kacofa c bm njgctnufu! ma rnmukc bm v}m f}lmjfrfj afu bngmrmjenfu `foìf unbc mwnbmjenfbc tcr ma trmunbmjm TrfjecnuLnmrrfjb*mj }j mpmjucnjgcrlm n}afbc Rme`jcacknm! mltacn m erenuufjem* Fltanflmjm eclmjfbc mj fv}maaf îtcef tc r af trmjuf grfjemuf m njmrjfencjfa! ma bnfkjõunec mrf fj nltafefoam eclc trmlcjncrncfa fbwmrnr bma tmankrc bm umkrmkfenõj ~ mpea}unõj v}m tcbrìf

mj rföfr! un jc um mjìf e}nbfbc ! ma fwfjem bm afu j}mwfu mejcackìfu bm ecl}jnefenõj m njgcrlfenõj* Tfrf ecjrfrrmufr

muf aõknef trctnenf f af njuf}rfenõj bm /}j l}jbc bm nuacmubm trcutmr nbfb mj }j ceîfjc bm lnumrnf/! ma hmgm bm Mufbcgrfjeîu! f u} wmx! `foì f trct}muc f u}u ucencu }jf /Efrfl}jbnfa bm af ecl}jnefenõj/! gnacuõgneflmjm læu uõanbf! tcr

enmrc! v}m af v}m `foìf unbc mlnnbf mj Cinjf{f*Hrcjnfu bm af`nucrnf! mjrm acu tfr nentfjmu mj muf e}lorm bm Wmrufaamu!gnk}rfof ma trmunbmjm mufbc}jnbmjum _cjfab _mfkfj ~ af hmgfbm kconmrjc ornæjnefLfrkfrmR`fe`mrv}m! fa njnenfraf ftmr}rf bcu föcu læu frbm bm u}u trctnfu rmbmu f af ecltmmjenf! bmumjefbmjfrìfj af cjbf bm e`cv}m l}jbnfa bm afbmurmk}afenõj ~ af trnwfnxfenõj* Af lnulf v}m! mj mjmrc bm6>>0! bmumlocefræ mj ma bmulfjmaflnmjc bm acu unu mlfutøoanecu bm mamecl}jnefencjmu jfencjfamu mj trcwme`c bm

acuctmrfbcrmu kacofamu*]jf murfmknf bnflmrfalmjm ct}muff af v}m Grfjecnu Lnmrrfjb mjìf mj lmjm e}fjbc bmgmjbìfu} njgcrlm! ecjwmjenbc eclc mufof bm afu wnr}bmu rmk}afbcrfu bma Mufbc,jfenõj ~ bm afu njun }encjmu bm af ecl}jn,

bfb bm jfencjmu*

E}fjbc ma trckrmuc nltanef af mpea}unõj

Af ermmjenf mj }j /ækcrf kacofa/ tcr lmbnfenõj bm afu îejnefu bm ecl}jnefenõj jc `f bmhfbc bm fanlmjfr af mutmrfjxf

tcrfjm8 mj ma rfjue}ruc bm af mbngnefenõj bm }j lmrefbc3 aflmbnbf bma l}jbc! afu gcrlfu ucenfamu v}m fbctf u} nltafjfenõj jc bmhfj bm f`cjbfr afu bngmrmjenfu mjrm afu mecjclìfu! afu ucenmbfbmu! afu e}a}rfu rmtfrnbfu umkøj af aìjmf bm

bmlfrefenõj bma bmufrrcaac* Af kmjmrfenõj îejnef bma {mo cg

{mou! bm af rmbbm rmbmu! jc mu }j f mpemtenõj bm af rmkaf* Mj u}njgcrlm bma föc 6>>>! ma Trckrflf bm Jfencjmu ]jnbfu tfrf maBmufrrcaac (TJ]B. umöfafof af ermenmjm lfrknjfenõj njgcrlfencjfa bm }jf lf~crìf bm tfìumu! fuì eclc! mj ma njmrncr bmefbf tfìu! ~ tcr acu e}frc t}jcu efrbnjfamu bma kacoc af mpnumjenf bm }jf aìjmf bm umtfrfenõj* /Ma njmrjf}f ntc! tcbìf

ammrum! mu }j `clorm lmjcr bm rmnjf ~ enjec föcu! n}afU&cu}tmrncr! v}m bnutcjm bm mamwfbcu njkrmucu! wnwm mj en}bfb ~`foaf njkaîu*/ Mptrmufbf bm gcrlf læu for}tf tcr ma kmrmjm

kmjmrfa bm af mltrmuf Lnercucg mj E`nam! mj }jf mjrmwnufecjembnbf f Ma Lmre}rnc! ma62 bm jcwnmlorm bm ?444! ecj cefunõj bm af knrf bma trmunbmjm Afkcu f =na necj Wfaam~! mj Muf

bcu ]jnbcu! muf coumrwfenõj um rfjugcrlf mj8 /Njmrjm mu}j ecjnjmjm knkfjmuec bcjbm af eftnfa mu Mufbcu ]jnbcu!maamjk}fhm mu ma njkaîu ~ af lcjmbf bm rfjufeenõj mu ma bõafr/*

Ma Njgcrlm l}jbnfa ucorm af e}a}rf bm af ]jmuec bma föc ?(P.(.

bmuernom }j e}fbrc mace}mjm bm afu njlmjufu bnutfrnbfbmu

bm mv}ntflnmjc mj j}mwfu mejcackìfu* Mj ma l}jbc njb}urnfanxfbc um e}mjf! tcr efbf 64*444`fonfjmu! ecj 6*0?? maîgcjcu lõwnamu ( grmjm f 675 mj af crf tfrm bma tafjmf.! 222gfpmu (grmjm f 65.! 6>0> crbmjfbcrmu tmrucjfamu (grmjm f 665.~ ?44 bnrmeencjmu mj Njmrjm (grmjm f 2!;.* Ma Njgcrlm l}j,

bnfa ucorm bmufrrcaac `}lfjc bma föc ?446 rmlfe`f ma eafwc8

}jcu bcu ln a lnaacjmu bm tmrucjfu! mu bmenr af mremrf tfrm bmaf tcoafenõjl}jbnfa unk}m unj mjmr mamernenbfb9 lnmjrfu v}m

mj acu tfìumu bm af CEBM `f~ læu bm }jf aìjmf bm focjfbc

tcr efbf bcu `fonfjmu! af engrf mu bm }jf tcr efbf v}njem mj

acu tfìumu mlmrkmjmu ~ bm }jf tcr efbf bcuenmjcu mj acutfìumu læu tcormu* Tfrf fv}maacu v}m bnutcjmj bm Njmrjm! maecum bm feemuc mu bnrmeflmjm trctcrencjfa f af bmjunbfb bmtcoafenõj ecjmefbf mj ma tfìu* Lnmjrfu v}m af frngf t r 3 l m zbnc bm ecjmpnõj b}rfjm wmnjm `crfu tfrf }j mufbc}jnbmj,

um }j efjfbnmjum c }j g nj afjbîu um mamwf f rmnjf bõafrmu!

6? 0Fa +LFJCLFRRMaFN + nR

u}tmrf fltanflmjm acu enmj bõafrmu mj acu tfìumu muefuflmjm ecjmefbcu* Ecj af aamkfbf bm afu rmbmu bm faf wmacenbfb! ma

6?*7mctc66raEaa bm 666 e}a}rf

jm v}m `femr muc! ~ jc fv}maac+! lnmjrfu mptanefof v}m u}u

trcb}ecu mrfj acu lmhcrmu ~ v}m! mwnbmjmlmjm! `foìf v}m



bîgnen e}fanfnwc (af efanbfb bm af rfjulnunõj ~ bma umrwnenc.ecrrm ma r nmukc bm u}lfrum fa bîgnen e}fjnfnwc*

Ma trctnc Ofjec L}jbnfa um lcwnanxf ~ bmufrrcaaf bmubm 6>>=}j trckrflf v}m tmrlnf ma feemuc bm acu rmxfkfbcu f af aaf

lfbf /ucenmbfb kacofa bm af njgcrlfenõj/* Mu îum }j nltcr,fjm bmufgìc* Tcrv}m mu onmj ufonbc v}m jc ofuf ecj frrchfr

ma lfjæ bm acu crbmjfbcrmu ucorm acu tfìumu lmjmumrcucu tfrf

rmucawmr ma trcoamlf* Rfa ~ eclc u}orf~fj! femrfbflmjm!

acu mutmenfanufu mj mb}efenõj tfrf ma bmufrrcaac! fj g}jbf,

lmjfa c læu rmu}af nltafjfr tcaìnefu tøoanefu v}m tmrln,

fj v}m af tcoafenõj t}mbf ecjur}nr ~ rmecjur}nr farmbmbcr

bm mucu j}mwcu frmgfecu bm ecl}jnefenõj (f af wmx v}m acueclonjf ecj acu fjnk}cu. rmumrwcrncu bm ecjcenlnmjc v}m

um fh}umj f u}u jmemunbfbmu ~ muîj mj ecjucjfjenf ecj u}u

e}a}rfu* Mpnum ma rnmukc! mj mgmec! bm v}m ecj lc nwc bm afnltafjfenõj bm afu j}mwfu mejcackìfu um rmtrcb}xef c femj,

øm af bmtmjbmjenf bm mucu tfìumu rmutmec f trckrflfu ~ecjmjnbcu bnumöfbcu mj g}jenõj bm acu lcbmacu e}a}rfamu

crnknjfrncu bm acu tfìumu njgc,rnecu* Fakc v}m ma Lcwnlnmjc

bm Tfìumu jc Fanjmfbcu rme`fxõ lfunwflmjm b}rfjm acu fjcuummjf e}fjbc ma lcbmac bm bmufrrcaac#lcbmrjnxfenõj#trc,

krmuc anjmfa mjrõ mj ofrrmjf tcr jc `fomr mjnbc mj e}mjf matcmjenfa njjcwfbcr bm afu e}a}rfu ecjunbmrfbfu /rfbnencjfamu/* Acu mlcrmu mptrmufbcu tc r acu tmbfkckcu bm v}m um rmecjb}xefj acu muv}mlfu bm tmjuflnmjc ceenbmjfanxfjmu ucjl}~ rmfamu* Jc `f~ læu v}m wm r fak}jfu bm afu aõknefu ftanefbfu mj ma bmufrrcaac bma lmrefbc bm trckrflfu cgmrfbcu tcr

enmrfu /}jnwmrunbfbmu kacofamu wnr}famu/* Tfrf mwnfr ma couî

e}ac! af ftrctnfenõj bmlcerænef bm afu j}mwfu mejcackìfunjmrfenwfu rmv}nmrm }j jmemufrnc ~ tfenmjm bnæackc mjrm afue}a}rfu* Tmrc! mj ctnjnõj bm j}lmrcucu mptmrcu! jc unmltrm mu ma efuc mj afu rmafencjmu Jcrm,U}r* Mue}e`mlcu f UmwmUlnùcj! trcgmucr bm af Acjbcj Ue`ccamcg Mecjclneu8 /@m

njmrwmjnbc rmenmjmlmjm mj }j ecacv}nc mj ma v}m ma rmtrm,umjfjm bm }j krfj ctmrfbcr njmrjfencjfa bm mamecl}jnefencjmu `f trcj}jenfbc }j bnue}ruc mbngnefjm rmutmec bm acurmutcjufoamu tcaì necu bm acu tfìumu mj wìfu bm bmufrrcaac v}m

mufofj mj af ufaf* Mrf bm }jf frrckfjenf njermìoam8 +]umb nm,

ecltrfracu* R}wm af umjufenõj bm v}m af îtcef ecacjnfa jc fj,

bfof amhcu ~ v}m acu lmrefbcu bm acu tfìumu mj wìfu bm bmufrrc,

aac tmrlnìfj! tcr mjenlf bm cbc! comjmr ecjgcrfoamu

omjmgnencu*** Ma tftma bm acu tcbmrmu tøoanecu acefamu mu bmmr,lnjfjm mj af rmb}eenõj bm af grfe}rf bnknfa*/ Af ctnjnõj bm

Lne`fma Bmrc}xcu! bnrmecr bma afocrfcrnc bm enmjenfu bm afeclt}fenõj mj ma Lfuufe`}umu Njun}m cg Rme`jcack~ flonîj mu trmencuf! tcrv}m wf f ecjrfecrrnmjm bm af nbmcackìfmejcrmbmjcrf trctfkfbf tc r l}e`cu bm u}u ecamkfu g}}rõackcu8 /Fmum rmutmec! muc~ mj trcg}jbc bmufe}mrbc ecj

Onaa Efmu! ecj ma v}m `m `foafbc bm muc* Fofjbcjfbf f u}u

trctnfu `mrrflnmjfu! af rmwca}enõj bm af njgcrlfenõj wf! fmjufje`fr ma fonulc mjrm tfìumu r necu ~ tfìumu tcormu! mjrmrnecu ~ tcormu bm efbf tfìu* Un jc um `fem jfbf! jc `f~ v}m

mpea}nr! af `nucrnf jcu ac mjumjf! rmfeencjmu wncamjfu ecjrfmuf rmwca}enõj*/

Mj ma fjc ?444! af ]jmuec crkfjnxõ wfrnfu rm}jncjmu rmkncjfamu ucorm acu rmcu !înecu! amkfamu ~ ucenmfamu tafjmfbcu tc r maenomrmutfenc! mj Ægrnef! Funf ~ Tfeìgnec! Flîrnef Afnjf ~ maEfrnom! ~ M}rctf,Flîrnef bma Jcrm (mj muf îtcef! acu Mufbcu ]jnbcu føj jc um `foìfj rmnjecrtcrfbc! f bngmrmjenf bma_mnjc ]jnbc! fa crkfjnulc njmrjfencjfa v}m `foìfj fofjbc,

jfbc mj 6>0=.* Mj ?446! föc cgnenfalmjm un}fbc tcr afu Jf,

encjmu ]jnbfu ofhc ma unkjc bma /Bnæackc bm afu enwna nxfencjmu/!f trct}muf bm a trmunbmjm nrfjì Yffln! af ecjgmrmjenf kmjmrfabm af ]jmuec `f un}fbc af a}e`f ecjrf af grfe}rf bnknfa mj malfrec bm }jf /njgc,înef/ ~ `f trct}muc f acu Mufbcu lnml,

orcu }j ecjh}jc bm rmeclmjbfencjmu /ucorm ma }uc bma l}a,

nanjkñnulc ~ ma feemuc }jnwmrufa fa enomrmutfenc/ unj acu e}famu!um trmenuf! ma /trcemuc bm af kacofanxfenõj mecjõlnef umrìf e}a}rfalmjm mltcormembcr! bmunk}fa m njh}uc/* Muf murfmknf`f unbc! njea}uc! of}nxfbf8 Njnenfnwf ODoma* Af ]jmuec flonîj `f rmecrbfbc v}m af mb}efenõj oæunef ~ af fagfomnxfenõjucj /trmrrmv}nuncu tfrf ma feemuc }jnwmrufa fa enomrmutfenc/*Ma bnfkjõunec ucorm af bmunk}fabfb g rmjm f afu j}mwfu mejcackìfu af `f njenfbc f crkfjnxfr h}jflmjm ecj af ]jnõj Njmrjfencjfa bm Rmamecl}jnefencjmu (]NR. }jf e}lorm l}jbnfa

ucorm af Ucenmbfb bm af Njgcrlfenõj! mj ?445! mj Knjmorf! tfrf

654FN +LFJBLFRRMAF_g

bnue}nr ucorm af jmemunbfb bm /rmk}afenõj kacofa/* Mj }jf umk}jbf gfum mjbrìf v}m emamorfrum crf e}lorm mj Røjmx mj

6567mctcaaaefbm af {a}rf

r}rfa. mj Tmrø (6>>0.! Jfufumim L}ant}rtcum Ecrjl}jn~

Nmamemjrm! mj ]kfjbf (6>>>.! Acefa _fbnc Jm{cri! mj Njbc



?44=* Af rmb l}jbnfa bm crkfjnxfencjmu jc k}omrjflmjfamu

v}m rfofhfj mj ma umecr bm af ecl}jnefenõj! famu eclc FAFN(Fkmjenf Afnjcflmrnefjf bm Njgcrlfenõj.! FLF_m (Fucenfenõj L}jbnfa bm _fbncu Ecl}jnfrnfu. c af [crab Fuucenfncjgcr E`rnunfj Ecll}jnefncj! `fj crkfjnxfbc umlnjfrncu rm

kncjfamu trmtfrfcrncu ~ kr}tcu bm bnue}unõj tfrf njg a} nr mj affkmjbf bm afu e}lormu ~ mafocrfr tcunencjmu ecl}jmu f acu lmbncu bm umrwnbc tøoanec ~ bm crkfjnxfencjmu bm af ucenmbfb enwna*

Mj mufu e}lormu l}jbnfamu! af mafunenbfb bm afu jcencjmu bm/ucenmbfb enwna/ ~ bm /crkfjnxfenõj jc k}omrjflmjfa/ rfngnefbfu tcr afu Jfencjmu ]jnbfu bnucruncjf af rmfanbfb bm afrmtrmumjfnwnbfb bm acu en}bfbfjcu* Af /ucenmbfb enwna/ jc

uõac ecltrmjbm afu crkfjnxfencjmu bma /mremr umecr/ (mj rmgmrmjenf f acu crcu bcu fecrmu ! ma Mufbc ~ ma lmrefbc.! u njcflonîj afu crkfjnxfencjmu trcgmuncjfamu c ecrtcrfnwfu famueclc af Eælfrf Njmrjfencjfa bm Eclmrenc! af Ecjgmbmrfenõj

bm Njb}urnfu bm af Njgcrlfenõj! af [crab Gmbmrfncj cg Fbwmr n umru c af Njmrjfncjfa Fbwmrnunjk Fuucenfncj* Muf fl,

tanfenõj bma ælonc bm af /ucenmbfb enwna/ nmjm tc r gnjfanbfbb}tanefr ma tmuc bm acu njmrmumu bma umecr trnwfbc! cbf wmxv}m! fbmlæu bm afu crkfjnxfencjmu bm bmgmjuf ecrtcrfnwf bmu}u njmrmumu! flonîj afu krfjbmu mltrmufu bm af njb}urnf bmcrbmjfbcrmuWmamecl}jnefencjmu nmjmj bmrme`c f mjwnfr u}u

trctncu bmamkfbcu* Af murfmknf bm afu Jfencjmu ]jnbfu! tc r

crf tfrm! ecjunum mj fjnlfr efbf wmx læu f mufu mltrmufu fv}m /`fkfj cìr u} wcx/ faaæ bcjbm um b nue} f af u}mrm bm af/ucenmbfb kacofa bm af njgcrlfenõj/! ~ fucenfrafu f acu trckrf,lfu v}m um trctcjmj rmb}enr af /grfe}rf bnknfa/* Mu }jf bm

afu rfxcjmu v}m mptanefj v}m af jcenõj bm /grfe}rf bnknfa/nmjbm f ecjwmrnrum mj }j a}kfr ecløj v}m! bm tfuc! tmrlnm

muv}nwfr af e}munõj trnlcrbnfa bm afu ef}ufu bm af /grfe}rfucenfa/*

^f t}mbmj ufefrum mjumöfjxfu bm afu mptmrnmjenfu v}m um aamwfj f efoc f rfwî u bma l}jbc8 Ic`lfam Ecll}jn~ _fbnc!mj Urn Afjif (6>0>.! acu Wnaafkm Ijc{ambkm Emjrmu (afjxfbcumj 6>>0. mj af Njbnf! acu Kfufamif ' Lflmacbn Nmamemjrmu

(6>>0.! mj U}bîgrnef! NjgcBmu (Njgcrlfenõj tfrf ma Bmufrrcaac

jmunf (6>>>.! meîmrf* Umkøj coumrwf Fagcjuc K}l}enc Bfkrfj! mj }j njgcrlm t}oanefbc tcr af G}jbfenõj _ceimgmaamr!l}e`fu bm mufu mptmrnmjenfu fmunk}fj v}m /Njmrjm nmjm

læu tcunonanbfbmu bm bf r u}u gr}cu eclc `mrrflnmjf bm bm,

ufrrcaac ~ bm tfr nentfenõj un muæ a nkfbc f afu mptmrnmjenfu~f

mpnumjmu bm ecl}jnefenõj m njgcrlfenõj*** Af ecjwmrkmjenfmjrm rfbnc m Njmrjm! tcr mhmltac! mu }jf bm afu unloncunu

læu njmrmufjmu v}m t}mbmj cgrmemr afu j}mwfu mejcackìfu***Fbmlæu bm fltangnefr u}u feencjmu krfenfu f Njmrjm! acu }u}f,r ncu bm muf mejcackìf ufefj trcwme`c bm af mptmr nmjenf bm

tfrnentfenõj v}m fjc `f `me`c mj gfwcr bma eflonc ucenfamj ma rfjue}ruc bm acu øa nlcu enje}mjf föcu*/ Acu trnlmrcu

ofafjemu flonîj bmufefj acu ecjbnencjflnmjcu lfmrnfamuv}m anlnfj af fee nõj * Ma mhmltac bm acu WnNafkm Ijc{ambkm

Emjrmu mufoamenbcu mj E`mjjfn (Njbnf. mu tfrfbnklænec8 /Afmpmjuf lf~crìf bm acu unncu {mo muæ mj njkaîu! }jf amjk}f

v}m bmuecjcem >=- bm acu njbncu* Jc coufjm! bmubm u}u njn

encu! ma trc~mec `f rmutcjbnbc f mum bmufgìc rfb}enmjbc ~trcb}enmjbc ecjmjnbcu acefamu mj flna * Af tcormxf mj uì ~fmu }jf mrrnoam anlnfenõj* Uõac `f~ bcem maîgcjcu tøoanecu ~wmnjnunmm maîgcjcu trnwfbcu mj af rmknõj bma trc~mec (bnmen

j}mwm fabmfu ~ }jf tcoafenõj bm ??*444 `fonfjmu.* Grme}mjmu njmrr}tencjmu bm mamernenbfb ~ af u uf}rfbfu aìjmfu

mamgõjnefu `femj bm af ecjmpnõj f Njmrjm }jf trct}muf gr}u rfjm* Mj tfìumu eclc af Njbnf krfwnfj mjcrlmu trcoamlfu

eclc afu mamwfbfu trctcrencjmu bm fjfagfomcu ~ mjgmrlcu*

Acu tcoafbcu nmjmj }jf jmemunbfb bmumutmrfbf bm mue}mafu ~+eaìjnefu* Ac e}f a `fem v}m l}e`f kmjm ecjunbm rm Njmrjm

eclc }j a}hc*/

B}rfjm af e}lorm bm Kîjcwf! mj h}anc bm ?446! acu lnmlorcu

bma KU `fj rmfenwfbc af Bc*gcrem ~ gclmjfbc }j /tafj bmfeenõj ucorm af lfjmrf mj v}m acu m,kconmrjcu tcbrìfj gcrfamemr af bmlcerfenf ~ ma mufbc bm bmrme`c/*

J}mwcu fecrmu kacofamu

Un `f~ }j ælonc mj ma v}m ! bmubm af umk}jbf lnfb bm acuföcu jcwmjf! afu j}mwfu mejcackìfu bnknfamu `fj mufbc fuc,

+/_LFJBLFRRMAF_R

bfbfu mj afu rmtrmumjfencjmu lmbnînefu! f nlfkmj bm }j ækcrfkacofa! îum mu ma mutfenc bm trcmuf v}m `fj ermfbc ~ ce}tfbc

+/nmct42anef bm af e}a}rf

jmf u}tcjm nr bmlfunfbc ftrnuf* Muf njmrtrmfenõj }jìwcef

~! cbc `f~ v}m bmenr ac ! mejnenuf! bm af gcrlfenõj bm }jf



acu lcwnlnmjcu ucenfamu lcwnanxfbcu ecjrf }j lcbmac bml}jbnfanxfenõj mecjõlnef f }arfjxf*

Mj af ormwm `nucrnf bm acu }ucu bm af rmb tc r mucu j}mwcu

fecrmu bma mutfbc tøoanec! }jf feenõj ecamenwf `f bmhfbc

`}maaf mj afu lmjmu `fuf ecjun}nr }j tfrfbnklf8 af efltföf bm trmuncjmu! ecrcjfbfu tcr ma îpnc! v}m af rmb l}jbnfa bmcrkfjnxfencjmu jc k}omrjflmjfamu `f mhmrenbc b}rfjm emref bm rmu fjcu ucorm afu jmkcenfencjmu v}m um `fj bmufrrcaafbc mj rm 6>>= ~ 6>>0 mj ma lfrec bm af CEBM! mj crjc faFe}mrbc L}anafmrfa ucorm Njwmruncjmu (FLN.* *Mj muf cefunõj! læu bm umnuenmjfu crkfjnxfencjmu bm }jcu ummjf tfìumuum `fj ecjmefbc ~ lcwnanxfbc! mutmenfalmjm f rfwîu bma

Ecaafocrfnwm+u mpmjunwm[crab[nbm[mo unm! tfrf mpnknr af fj}afenõj bm mum rffbc ucorm enre}afenõj bm eftnfamu! njutnrfbctcr ma anormeflonulc* Fuì t}mu! um `fj gmbmrfbc crkfjnxfencjmu bm lcnwfencjmu fj bnwmrufu eclc af rmb bm crnkmj grfj

eîu FRRFE! Fljnuìf Njmrjfencjfa! af emjrfa unjbnefa bmMufbcu ]jnbcu (FGA,ENC.! acu unbmrørknecu bm m um tfìu! afF}urfanfj Ecjumrwfncj Gc}jbfncj! acu Flnkcu bm af Rnmrrf!Cpgfl! T}oane En nxmj! c R`nrb [crab Jm{cri* Muf j}mwf

bnlmjunõj tca ìn ef bm af trc mu f k acofa `f mufa afbc f af a}x

bma bìf mj Uefam! mj tamjc ecrfxõj bm Mufbcu ]jnbcu! f gnjfamu bm jcwnmlorm,trnjentncu bm bnenmlorm bm 6>>>! b}rfjm aflcwnanxfenõj bm afu crkfjnxfencjmu jc k}omrjflmjfamu! unjbnefcu ~ fucenfencjmu bm ecju}lnbcrmu! ecjrf afu bmuwnfencjmu ~ tmankrcu bm }j l}jbc /cbc lmrefbc/ unlocanxfbc tc r

af Crkfjnxfenõj L}jbnfa bm Eclmrenc* Bmubm mjcjemu! afu

njun}encjmu gnjfjenmrfu ~ eclmrenfamu jc emamorfj jnjk}jf

e}lorm unj v}m! tfrfamaflmjm! mjkfj a}kfr e}lormu famrjfnwfu! ftc~fbfu tcr af ackìunef bm afu j}mwfu rmbmu ucenfamu*

Ftc~æjbcum mj acu }ucu mhmltafrmu bm Njmrjm tcr tfrm bmacu fecrmu bm af rmb! afu læu bnwmrufu mjbmjenfu bma mutmerctcaìnec jc `fj frbfbc mj trceaflfr ma fbwmjnlnmjc bm }jf

/ucenmbfb enwna kacofa/* Af trmunkncuf rmwnuf Gcrmnkj Fggfìru um`f rmgmrnbc! njea}uc! fa jfenlnmjc bm }jf /ucenmbfb enwna kacofa t}muf mj rmb mamerõjneflmjm/ (mamercjnefa6~ jm{crimbkacofa enwna ucenm~.* Unj mlofrkc! ecltfrnr muf wnunõj bma taf,

/ucenmbfb enwna kacofa/! `fem h}mkc! bm `me`c! ecj ma trmn,ætmjumr+ bma gnj bma Mufbc,jfenõj* Njmrgnmrm af njmanknonanbfbtcaìnef bm mufu rmbmu ucenfamu mj bcu jnwmamu* Tcr }jf tfrm!um rmb}em af kcomlfjenf l}jbnfa f }jf ecjgrcjfenõj mjrm

}jf ucenmbfb enwna rfjugrcjmrnxf ~ acu krfjbmu fkmjmu bm af

mecjclìf kacofanxfbf* Um njermlmjf fuì af ecltamhnbfb bm afurfjugcrlfencjmu v}m fgmefj! læu v}m j}jef! fa Mufbc,jfenõj! eclc a}kfr bm bmgnjnenõj bma ecjrfc ucenfa! mj u} frn

e}afenõj ecj af ucenmbfb enwna jfencjfa! ecjgrcjfbcu flocu

ecj afu aõknefu bm af l}jbnfanxfenõj* ³Jc mu îuf af lmhcr lf

jmrf bm mpcjmrfr f ofhc trmenc fa Mufbc bm u}u trctnfu rmutcjufonanbfbmumj af bmurmk}afenõj bm a l}jbc3 Tcr crf tfrm!

af lmmõrnef nltafjfenõj bma lfre`flc /ucenmbfb enwna kacofa/ tfuf tc r fac acu fjmembmjmu bm afu gcrlfu v}m fbctf aftrcmuf*

Fgnrlfr v}m mucu lcwnlnmjcu ucj acu rmcöcu mutcjæjmcu

bma eflonc trcb}enbc mj acu njur}lmjcu bm af ecl}jnefenõj! mv}nwfam f u}uernonr! flonîj f`ì! ma bmmrlnjnulc îejnec* Mufu gcrlfu bm n j mr wm je nõj m u æj fjeafbfu! m

`nuõrneflmjm `fj lfb}rfbc! mj }j mutfenc ecjermc (~ jc

kacofa. bm a}e`fu ~ rmnwnjbnefencjmu* Acu j}mwcu lcbcu bm

t}muf mj rmb f lmj}bc jc ecjunk}mj unjc fltangnefr z c b c ubm tmjuflnmjc ~ feenõj tcaìnecu trmmpnumjmu* Af trnlmrf

r}t}rf mj afu murfmknfu bm ecl}jnefenõj fa umrwnenc bm aftrcmuf ucenfa f muefaf l}jbnfa um rmlcjf f acu föcu ummjfecj af ftfrnenõj bm afu crkfjnxfencjmu jc k}omrjflmjfamu

eclc j}mwcu fecrmu bm af ucenmbfb enwna* Ecj cefunõj bm u}u!trnlmrfu lcwnanxfencjmu fa umrwnenc bm ef}ufu ucenfamu ~ `}

lfjnfrnfu (bmrme`cu `}lfjcu! lmbnc flonmjm! murfkcu bmafu l}anjfencjfamu mj ma Rmremr L}jbc.! mufu crkfjnxfencjmunjwmjfrìfj af gõrl}af R`nji kacofa#~* Fe acefaa~ f af v}m um `fjuclmnbc mj af mafocrfenõj bm u} murfmknf bm ecl}jnefenõjrmutmec f af ctnjnõj tøoanef! acu kconmrjcu ~ afu mltrmufu*

Fuì mu ecrjc u}u rmbmu bm feenõj m njmrwmjenõj eclmjxfrcj flcwmrum l}~ trcjc mj cbfu afu afn}bmu ecj gampnonanbfb ~fknanbfb* E}fanbfbmu bm afu v}m efrmeìfj acu krfjbmu ftfrfcu9

Anmrfalmjm! anuc,tfrf,tmjufr! H}mkc bm tfaforfu rmgmrnbcf af mptrmunõj grfjemuf

trJ»f,tcrmr! ftanefbf f af rctf bm wmunr ecjgmeencjfbf !j =ErnE (J* bma *.

65*FNQLFJBLFRRMAF_R

unjbnefamu ~ muffamu* Tnîjumum! tcr mhmltac! mj afu efltföfu

aamwfbfuf efoc tc rKrmmjtmfem!Fljnuìf Njmrjfencjfa 4 ! fl

65*7mmtcaari8fbmaf {a r}l

bm acu njb ncu bm E`nftfu * Af Jmcfr! c k}mrrf bm afu rmbmu ! um`f ecjwmrnbc fuì! h}jc ecj u} ecjrftfrnbf trctnflmjm



onîj! tc r af Crkfjnxfenõj Njmrjfencjfa bm ]jncjmu bm Ecj,

u}lnbcrmu (NCmB. ecjrf afu træenefu bm lærimnjk bm afuecltföìfu fkrcfanlmjfrnfu ~ gfrlfeî}nefu! tcr mhmltac*

Njmrjm! mj enmrc lcbc! `f wmjnbc f ecrcjfr mucu trc~mecutncjmrcu v}m! bm mjrfbf! `fj ctfbc tcr fe}fr kacofalmj

m* F}j e}fjbc ma rmenmjm mgmec /j}mwfu mejcackìfu/ `f unkjngnefbc }j eflonc nltcrfjm mj acu lcbcu bm njmrwmjenõj*Eclc 64 bml}murf af jccrnmbfb fbv}nrnbf tc r af rmb bm eccrbnjfenõj bm afu a}e`fu bma Lcwnlnmjcorfunamöc bm acu efltmunjcu unj nmrrf c Lcwnlmjc bcu UmlRerl! g}jbfbc mj 6>;>!~ v}m `f faefjxfbc trc~meenõj njmrjfencjfa f tfrnr bm 6>>7>; krfenfu f af feenõj eclonjfbf bm }j }uc njmankmjm bm Njmrjm tfrf tct}afrnxfr u}u rmnwnjbnefencjmu! ~ bm }jf fanfjxfecj af Ecjgmbmrfenõj efltmunjf grfjemuf! trct}aufbf l}j,

bnfalmjm! f u} wmx ! f gnjfamu bm 6>>>! f rfwîu bm u} bnrnkmjm

Hcuî Ocwî! mj af mumaf bm afu lfjngmufencjmu bm Umfam* Matrmbneflmjc fbv}nrnbc tc r ma unjbnefc orfun amöc am `f tmr

lnnbc! mjrm crcu rîbncu! f}lmjfr u} tcbmr bm jmkcenfenõj f muefaf acefa*

Af efrf ce}af bma mjwnm tafjmfrnc

Af mptfjunõj bm acu lcwnlnmjcu ucenfamu ct}mucu fa }arfanOmrfanulc ~f `f rmtmre}nbc mj af bcernjf murfîknef* Mj trnlm r a}kfr! af bm acu mptmrcu mj umk}rnbfb jfencjfa bma

Tmjækcjc* ]j jmcacknulc rmgamhf ma eflonc bm crnmjfenõj8Ömjc}r! Ma îrlnjc um fta nef f afu j}mwfu gcrlfu bm ecjganecubm ofhf njmjunbfb trcwcefbcu tcr ma ecjh}jc rj}angcrlm bmfecrmu jc muffamu v}m ecrcenre}nfj afu hmrfrv}ìfu k}omrjf,lmjfamu tcr lmbnfenõj bm afu rmbmu ~ v}m mpnkmj! tc r tfrmbm mufu øanlfu! }jf rîtanef tc r muf lnulf wìf* Mj af efmkcrìf bm /fecrmu jc muffamu/! acu murfmkfu njea}~mj! fronrfrnflmjm! nfu aaflfbculcwnlnmjcu fenwnufu c tfrnentfnwcu!acu mrrcrnufu! acu eîrmamu bm af brckf c acu lcwnlnmjcu k}mrrnaamrcu& ]j efuc bm anorc ucorm af }nanxfenõj bm Njmrjm ecj/gnjmu u}owmrunwcu/ frfhc bmubm 6>>= af fmjenõj bm acu +ecjumhmrcu lnanfrmu8 af mptmrnmjenf bm af k}mrrnaaf jmcxftfnuf mj

Lîpnec v}m! mj }j tafxc bm nmltc rîecrb! `f ackrfbc tct},

afr nxfr ! f rfwîu bm acu rmamwcu lna nfjmu l}jbnfamu! af ef}uf

lnanfr! af E~omr{fr! af aaflfbf k}mrrf anltnf! ecj u}u /ffv}mu

v}nrørknecu/ ~ u}u /bföcu ecafmrfamu/! acu bcu ecltcjmjmu

bm af /jcctcaìnef/! mj af j}mwf /k}mrrf kacofa bm afu mejcackìfu bm af njmankmjenf/* Um u}tcjm v}m îuf lcabmfræ acu ecj,ganecu bm a u nk ac PPN ~ munl}afræ af njjcwfenõj îejnef mj

lfmrnf bm unumlfu bm mamwnknafjenf tafjmfrnf* Mu ac v}m `fjufefbc f af a}x! mj 6>>0! afu rmwmafencjmu ucorm af mpnumjenf bm}j unumlf bm mue}e`fu bm cbfu afu ecl}jnefencjmu mamerõjnefu (maîgcjc! gfp! Njmrjm.! of}nxfbc Me`macj! nltafjfbc+

tcr Mufbcu ]jnbcu ~ u}u e}frc fgnanfbcu (F}urfanf! Efjfbæ!Krfj Ormföf ~ J}mwf Xmafjbf. ecj ma gnj bm rmeckmr af læpnlf njgcrlfenõj lnanfr ucorm acu tfìumu ecl}jnufu ~ v}m ` f

unbc rmecjwmrnbc! bmut}îu bm af efìbf bm a l}rc bm Omraìj mj6>0>! mj }j unumlf bm njmankmjenf mecjõlnef kacofa* Îuf muaf efrf ce}af bm acu mjwnmu kmctcaìnecu bm af ecjv}nuf bm afKacofa ajgcrlfncj Bclnjfjem! mptrmunõj ecjufkrfbf tfrf mptrmufr af tcunenõj murfîknef frno}nbf fa j}mwc rme}ruc nj,

lfmrnfa mj af rmcrkfjnxfenõj bma tafjmf*Acu fmjfbcu bma 66 bm umnmlorm bm ?446 flonîj ucj ma grfefuc bm af bmulmu}rfbf gm bm afu fkmjenfu bm umk}rnbfb jfencjfa mj af cljnuenmjenf bm af njgcrlfenõj (bm Njmankmjenf.

comjnbf f rfwîu bma bnutcunnwc îejnec! mj bmrnlmjc bm afnjgcrlfenõj (bm Njmankmjenf. `}lfjf (@}lnj! umkøj af mptrmunõj fa }uc mj acu eìre}acu bma mutncjfhm.*

Afu løantamu rmfeencjmu u}uenfbfu tc r acu fmjfbcu f ac afrkc ~ fje`c bma l}jbc `fj frrchfbc l}e`f a}x ucorm afu ef},ufu bm af wncamjenf kmjmrfbf tcr }j lcbmac mpea}~mjm ~

}jnafmrfa bm bmufrrcaac bm af `}lfjnbfb* Rflonîj `fj bmhfbc rfua}enr acu gfaucu trmmpcu bm a mejckacofanulc* Grmjm f8

af ernunu! ma rmclc fa tfrncnulc mpfemrofbc ~ fa im~jmunfjnuNBC `f bmhfbc mj lfa a}kfr fa lnc bma gnj bma Mufbc,jfenõj!mj ma v}m um njunum lfe`fecjflmjm bmubm ma eclnmjxc bm afmrf bm af bmurmk}afenõj* Ma rmclc f afu aõknefu bm af umk}rnbfb `f amknnlfbc bm j}mwc af emju}rf c af f}cemju}rf bm aculmbncu* Njea}uc `fj unbc rmnrfbfu bm af efrmamrf tmane}afuv}m`foìfj ecjrno}nbc f fgnfjxfr ma Flmrnefj [f~ cg Angm mj mamprfjhmrc! lnmjrfu v} m um njenfof f @caa~{ccb f v}m um u},

65 *FgWNNw+QJBLFRRMAF_R

lfrf fa ecrc trctfkfjbìunec bm af Jcrmflîrnef mj k}mrrf*Ma GON `f t}muc f Njmrjm ofhc murme`f wnknafjenf* Rflföc

65;Vm(tcaaaef bmaf e}`}rf

Amõj! c* (mb*.! /Bcuunmr +Bmlcerfenf mj af ecl}jnefenõj+/Flîrnef Afnjf ma& lcwnlnmjc! jøl* 5=5! lf~c ?44?*



rmg}mrxc bma ecjrca ucenfa ecjrfbnem acu tcu}afbcu bm afubcernjfu bntaclænefu ~ lnanfrmu v}m! bm gcrlf mptaìenf!`foìfj mrnknbc ma =4g tc{mr bm afu rmbmu (v}mjf bmhf bm rmecr,bf r af /bntaclfenf bm afu rmbmu/ bm X* Orxmxnjuin. ~ af trctfkfenõj bm acu /}jnwmrufamu e}a}rfamu/ rfjulnnbcu tc r acu

trcb}ecu f}bncwnu}famu mufbc}jn,bmjumu! mj ma ofuflmjcjf}rfa bm }jf j}mwf gcrlf bm `mkmlcjìf l}jbnfa! e}~c mhmumrìf ma lmrefbc,l}jbc ~ u} am~ af bm a grmm gac{ cg ìjgcrlfncj*Afu lmbnbfu rmtrmunwfu clfbfu tc r cbcu acu krfjbmu tfìumunjb}urnfamu `fj fltanfbc af! bm tc r uì ocrrcuf! bmgnjnenõj bmmrrcrnulc* ^ l}e`c t}mbm ftcufrum f v}m afu aõknefu bm afumk}rnbfb wmræj eõlc mj ac u}emunwc um femjøf u} nltcrfjenf mj ma bnumöc bm af frv}nme}rf bm afu rmbmu kacofamu! lnanf,rmu ~ enwnamu*

OnoanckrfgìfFrv}naaf! H* ~ _cjgma ! B*! R`m Mlmrkmjem cg Jcctcanni8 Rc{frbfj Flmrnefj ajgcrlfncj Urfmk~! Ufjf Lcjnef! Ef*! _fjbEcrtcrfncj! 6>>>*

Ofjkmlfjj! L*! /[`ne` _}amu gcr `m Cjanjm [crab* R`mM}rctmfj ]jncj Ecjrno}ncj/! mj R`m nc}lfa cg Tcane~! _mk},afncj fjb Urfmk~ gcr Rmamecll}jnefncju! ajgcrlfncj fjb Lm,bnf! wca}lmj 6! jøl* 6! 6>>>*

Ecllnuncj M}rctîmjjm! Ecjur}nrm af ucenîî m}rctîmjjm bm

a+njgcrlfncj tc}r c}u! Or}umafu! Ecll}jf}îu m}rctîmjjmu!6>>;*

Bmacru! H*! Anwrm oafjec Ercnuufjem! ecltînnwnî m mltacn* Amubîgnu m amu tnumu tc}r mjrmr bfju amP&Pm unîbm! Or}umafu! Ecll}jf}îu M}rctîmjjmu! 6>>5*

K}l}bc Bfkrcj! F! Lfinjk [fwmu* Ucrnmu cg Tfrnentfcr~Ecll}jnefncj gcr Ucenfa E`fjkm! J}mwf ^cri! R`m _ceimgmaamrGc}jbfncj! ?446*

Amõj! C*! O}re`! U*! ~ Rflf~c! M*! Lcwnlnmjcu ucenfamu mj afrmb!V}nc! Me}fbcr! FAFN (Fkmjenf Afnjcflmrnefjf bm Njgcr,lfenõj.! ?446*

Lflmj _* Ûnawmrucjm! _* (bnr*.! Ecll}jnefncj o~ Bmunkj8R m Tcanneu cg ajgcrlfncj fjb Emll}jnefìncj Rme`jcack~!Cpgcrb! Cpgcrb ]jnwmrun~ Trmuu! 6>>7*

Lfmafr! F! @nucrnf bm af }ctìf tafjmfrnf* Bm af en}bfb trcgî,nef f af ucenmbfbkacofa! Ofremacjf#O}mjcu Fnrmu! Tfnbõu! ?4449@nucrnf bm af ucenmbfb bm af njgcrlfenõj! Ofremacjf#O}mjcu Fn,

rmu#Lîpnec! Tfnbõu! ?44?*

Lnmrrfjb! M! Rme jcacknm! mltacn m ercnuufjem! Tfrìu! Af Bce},lmjfncj Trfjefnum! 6>02*

TJ]B! _fttcr lcjbnfa u}r am bîwmacttmlmj `}lfìj! Knjmorf!Trckrfllm bmu Jfncju ]jnmu tcl am bîwmacttmlmj! 6>>>Yrfb* efu*8 Njgcrlm ucorm bmufrrcaac `}lfjc! 6>>>\*

J~m* H* U* ~ C{mju! [ F! /Flmrnef+u ajgcrlfncj Mbkm/ mjGcrmnkj Fggfnru! wca* ;=! jøl* ?! 6>>7*

]JMUEC! _fttcr lcjbnfa u} r af e}a}rm! Tfrìu! Îbnncju]jmuec! ?444*

Wmbma! R! /Amu tcannv}mu bmu f}crc}mu bm a+njgcrlfncj bfjuamu tf~u njb}urnfanuîu* ]jm fjfa~um ecrjtfrfnwm/ mj _îumf}p!

jøl* ;0! 6>>7*

EFTÌR]AC 0



Af bnwmrunbfb e}a}rfa8 mjrm `nucrnf

~ kmctcaìnefAf rmtmre}unõj bm af rj}jbnfanxfenõj mj afu ucenmbfbmu tfrne}afrmu `f `me`c v}m um bnutfrfrfj afu ecjrcwmrunfu ucorm afu}mrm bm af bnwmrunbfb e}a}rfa* Af trctnf jcenõj um `f ecjwmrnbc mj }j efhõj bm ufurm* Amknnlf afu tcaìnefu gcrl}afbfu tc r acu Mufbcu ~ afu njun}encjmu bm af ecl}jnbfb

njmrjfencjfa* Ft}jfaf acu bnue}rucu bm fecltföflnmjc bmafu murfmknfu bm ecjemjrfenõj bm afu njb}urnfu bm af e}a}rf

~ af ecl}jnefenõj* Crnmjf af nltafjfenõj bm rmbmu bm rmunumjenf bm af ucenmbfb enwna crkfjnxfbf! `fenf af gffanbfb bm }j

lcbmac bm ucenmbfb }jnbnlmjuncjfa*Ecjwmrnbc ~f mj }j rmcnj`mrmjm f af lmkftca n nef! ma mpmjuc efltc bm af e}a}rfmuæ rmecrrnbc tc r afu mjuncjmu v}m mjkmjbrf af ecjgrcjfenõj mjrm wfrncu trc~mecu bm ecjur}eenõj bma unumlf,l}jbc * Afu w}mafu ~ rmw}mafu unloõanefu bm af u tfaforfu

ecjun}~mj }jc bm acu rmwmafbcrmu*

Ma fu}jc bm af bnwmrunbfb um trmumjf eclc un g}mrf jcwmbc,

uc* ^! unj mlofrkc! ~f wnmjm afurfbc ecj }jf afrkf `nucrnf* Affljmunf fe}fa rmutmec fa ecjemtc mu njumtfrfoam bm af trc,

oamlænef farmbmbcr bm af jcenõj bm /l}jbnfanxfenõj/* Ma cawnbc bm afkîjmunu bm muf øanlf mptanef v}m acu krfjbmulmbncut}mbfj bfram af w}maf unj tmufömfr fjm acu lcwnlnmjcu

ucenfamu bm wcefenõj tafjmfrnf ~ effackfracu bm /fjnl}j,bnfanufu/! e}fjbc ma wcefo}afrnc /l}jbnfanuf/ gcrlf tfrm!

crnknjfrnflmjm! bma tfrnlcjnc mlfjentfbcr bma njmrjfencjfanulc bmlcerænec* Af }jngcrlnbfb bmal}jbc mltnmxf tc r

af jcrlfanxfenõj bm af amjk}f v}m um rnwnfanxf c v}m um anltnfbm futmrmxfu! umtfrfjbc afu tfaforfu bm u} lmlcrnf c onmj

lmbnfjm af l}antanefenõj bm jmcacknulcu,tfjfaaf afjxfbcu

tcr afu aõknefu mejclmrefjnamu* Fuì muernoìflcu mj af ecjea}unõj bm }jf/frv}mcackìf bm af ucenmbfb kacofa bm af njgcrlfenõj/! muf mloamlænef mptrmunõj bm afu lfjmrfu }jìwcefu bm

62 0FNWFFJBLFRRMALR

bmenr ~ wmr ma l}jbc8 /Jnjk}jf tmbfkckìf bm ftrctnfenõj

en}bfbfjf bma lmbnc îejnec t}mbm fourfmrum bm af erìnef bm

626EHmctcaaaef bm af {ar6{0

umjnbcu/* Bm af mur}e}rf fa fecjmenlnmjc* Bm af a nomr fb faf tmrmjmjenf! ecj afu coankfencjmu v}m ecjaamwf 3bf ecjur}eenõj bm nbmjnbfb* Bma }jnwmruc fa a}kfr ~ f ac b nwmr uc * Mj



afu tfaforfu! trmmjbnbflmjm ftærnbfu! v}m jc bmhfj bm nj

rcb}enrum u}ormtnenflmjm mj ma amjk}fhm ecløj ~ mjlfr

e fr a fu rmtrmumjfencjmu ecamenwfu* Tcr maafu tfufj afu

rfjugmrmjenfu bm umjnbc bm acu ecjemtcu bm anomrfb ~ bm

lcerfenf! fa lnulc nmltc v}m um jcu nltcjmj! ofhc ma unkjc

bm af mwnbmjm jmemunbfb bm ac v}m mu ~! ucorm cbc! bm ac v}mu}t}muflmjm nmjm v}m ce}rrnr*/ Af bmuftfrnenõj bm afu `}maafu bm trcb}eenõj bm afu tfaforfu muæ mj ecjeclnfjenf! jcuõac ecj ma cawnbc bm af `nucrnf! unjc flonîj ecj ma f}km bm}j rmwnuncjnulc `nuõrnec*

Ecjrf ma cawnbc bm af `nu crnf

/Mj mum gnj bm lnamjnc ,muernom ma `nucrnfbcr Lfre Gmrrc

trmbclnjf af nbmf bm v}m `mlcu mjrfbc mj }jf j}mwf mrf

`nuõrnef! af bm af l}jbnfanxfenõj* ³Jc tcbrìf rffrum! fefuc!bm }jf unltam na}unõj õtnef3 Tcrv}m ma lcwnlnmjc bm }jngn

efenõj bma l}jbc u}rknõ l}e`c fjmu! unj tmrh}nenc bm `fomrum mpmjbnbc ~ bmufrrcaafbc rmenmjmlmjm f }j rnlc

femamrfbc/* Af jmkfnwf bma `nucrnfbcr bm af mue}maf bm acuFjjfamu f ecltfrnr ma frrmofc bm acu bnue}rucu ucorm af /j}mwf mrf kacof a/ um u}lf! tcr mhmltac! f afu coumrwfencjmu bmmecjclnufu eclc _comr Oc~mr v}m! ecj ma gnj bm bnunjk}nr

afu /wmrbfbmrfu/ bm afu /gfaufu jcwmbfbmu/ bm af l}jbnfanxf

enõj! njwnfj f u}tmrfr acu /fjæanunu rmrcutmenwcu/ bm u} bnu

entanjf ~ bm af /lf~crìf bm acu njwmunkfbcrmu mj enmjenfu

ucenfamu v}m! eclc l}e`c! fofrefj }j tmrìcbc bm }jf f bcu

bîefbfu/*

Af /ecjrcwmrunf bma nmltc ecrc/! njnenfbf tcr Gmrjfjb Orf}bma mj acu föcu enje}mjf! grmjm f acu fjrctõackcu ~ ucenõac

kcu umb}enbcu tcr ma lcbmac lfmlænec bm af ef}ufanbfb anjmfajc `f tmrbnbc jfbf bm fe}fanbfb* Afu enmjenfu ucenfamu! coumrwfof mjcjemu ma `nucrnfbcr bm Am Rmltu b} lcjbm! `fj clfbc af ecu}lorm bm /fe}bnr fa umrwnenc bm ac fe}fa / ~ bm

fmjmrum øjneflmjm f acu/ fecrmu v}m `femj r}nbc/* F`crfonmj! ac ucenf a mu }j /fjnlfa bm efxf l}~ fu}c/* Orf}bmanjenfof f rmecjenanfrum ecj ma nmltc ucenfa ~ ecj af /bnfaîenef bm af b}rfenõj/! /njwnrnmjbc ma rmach bm frmjf mj acu bcu

fv}maacu lnulcu fjcu! Lf}rnem Lmramf},Tcj~ um u}oamwfof

ecjrf ma muv}mlf bm af `nucrnf,trckrmuc v}m njb}eìf f z j w nu nõj bm af mwc a}enõj bm afu ucenmbfbmu mj mftfu u}emunwfurnk}rcuflmjm umtfrfbfu* Fa øanlc mtnucbn3 am e c r r m u t c z b ì fgnhfr jmemufrnflmjm af jcrlf bm af l c b z r j z z f b * F z c r f onmj!

coumrwfof ma gnaõucgc bm af hmjclmjcackìm8 Ma umjnbc bm af`nucrnf muæ f efbf tfuc ofhc flmjfxf bm bmuwnfrum ~ j m e m u z fumr rmnjmrtrmfbc ecjufjmlmjm* Af ecrrnmjm trnjentfa hf ,læu ga}~m unj ecjrfecrrnmjmu jn cromaanjcu* Jn unv}nmrf um bfeclc }j `me`c* Jc um lfjng nmuf unjc f rfwîu bm funlmrìfu!bm u}tmrwnwmjenfu! bm bnwmruncjmu! bm rmkrmuncjmu*/ U}un}ìf

af nlfkmj ecltfef ~ fourfef bma unumlf l } j b n z 6 T3r afjcenõj bm /unumlf ofrrcec/! v}m mptanef lmhcr afu njrnjefeacjmu ecltrmjbnbfu mj }j ecjh}jc ecjermc! ~ flonîj acu

bmugfumu ~ afu r}t}rfu*

Afu e}a}rfu t}rfu ucj }j f na}unõj* Bmubm v}m eclmjxõ af`nucrnf bm acu njmrefloncu mj ma l}jbc! acu lcbmacu e}a}

rfamu m njun}encjfamu! rfjulnnbcu tcr tcmjenfu `mkmlõjn

efu um `fj mjecjrfbc ecj t}moacu ~ e}a }rfu v}m um `fj

rmununbc f af fjmpnõj! v}m `fj unbc ecjflnjfbcu! v}m um `fjlìlmnxfbc! v}m `fj bmuftfrmenbc* Acu u n j e r m n u l z u `fj jf

enbc mj mucu ernucamu e}a}rfamu* F tmufr bm }jf bmunk}fa z a f ¬enõj bm g}mrxfu! af e}a}rf nltcrfbf jc ac `f ofr 8a bc

unumlæneflmjm cbc f u} tfuc* Acu trcemucu v}m acu ` n u r z ¬jfbcrmu `fj bmjclnjfbc unjnxfenõj! `mamjnxfenõj! rclfr}

xfenõj c nuaflnxfenõj jc ucj unjc fak}jcu mhmltacu* Trîuflcu

~ mjrcjv}mu u}emunwcu! njwmjencjmu! ecltrclnu3u ~ ecltc

jmjbfu ucj af ofum bm unumlfu eclt}mucu* Bne`c ac e } z !ecjwnmjm bmuecjgnfr bm afu wnuncjmu fjkîanefu! tc r jf bmenr

rmankncufu! bm afu rmafencjmu mjrm afu e}a}rfu*

Mj af lcbmrjf bnfaîenef bm afu e}a }rfu! af ecjv}nuf bm afu

Flîrnefu ecjun}~m }j lclmjc g}jbflmjfa fa lmjcu! tcr

rmu rfxcjmu* Trnlmrc! tcrv}m mum fecjmenlnmjc bm faefjem

tafjmfrnc unmjf afu ofumu bm af l c b m l n b z b c e e * n b m z & f a mj u}trc~meenõj }jnwmrufanuf* Acu mõackcu mutfjcHmu H z u z a g n e f z muf/clf bma l}jbc/ ([marjf`lm. tcr af M}rctf Ernunfjf lWC,

62*F_LFJBLF*RRMAFrQR

efjbc af jf}rfa amknnlnbfb bma njmreflonc mjefrjfbf mj maN}u ecll}jnefncjnm! ma /bmrme`c f af ecl}jnefenõj/! mu bmenr!ma bmrme`c f enre}afr ~ f trctfkfr afu nbmfu (~ af gm.! ~ maa}u

+2 5nmctCaaHef bm af{a}rf

lclmjcu `nuõrnecu `fj bfbc f ac }jnwmrufa~f afu rmafencjmuecj ac /bnwmruc/! ecjmjnbcu u}emunwcu v}m um `fj wnuc rmgam,

hfbcu mj }ctìfu v}m bmufefj af g}jenõj }jfu wmemu bm afu



ecllmrenn! c bmrme`c f mhmremr ma eclmrenc* Bcu trmlnufu bm acv}m muæ aaflfbc f ecjwmrnrum! b}rfjm ma unkac PNP! mj ma bm,rme`c tøoanec njmrjfencjfa! g}jbflmjc bm af /ecl}jnbfb

bm jfencjmu/! Bmubm acu trnlmrcu tfucu bm muf clf bma l}j

bc! acu `me`cu bmulnmjmj ma trnjentnc fourfec bm af nk}fa,bf b bma njmreflonc* A}mkc! tcrv}m ma e`cv}m mj rm acut}moacu ecjv}nufbcu ~ acu ecjv}nufbcrmu bmumjefbmjf mj

rm acu `}lfjnufu ma bmofm ucorm af rmafnwnbfb bm afu e}a},rfu* Tcr øanlc/ tcrv}m af j}mwf gcrlf bm bclnjfenõj

mjkmjbrf }jf j}mwf ecjgnk}rfenõj bm acu!lcbcu bm rmunumj,enf! ma lmunxfhm c ma rme`fxc* Mafjna afjc Mbc}frb Kanuufj jcum mjkföf e}fjbc! mjrm acu muefucu trme}rucrmu bm af lcbmr

jf mcrìf bm af ernca anxfenõj c `nornbfenõj bm afu e}a}rfu! nj,ea}~m acu Mjuf~cu bma `}lfjnuf Lne`ma bm Lcjfnkjm tc r ma/nltmrncuc rfofhc bm rmafnwnxfenõj/ ~ acu Eclmjfrncu rmfamubma lmunxc `nutfjc,tmr}fjc Efrenafuc bm af Wmkf! gnk}rf bma

/lmunxfhm mj af bmrrcf ~ af fanmjfenõj/* Lne`ma bm Emrmf}! f

u} wmx! `fem onmj mj njwcefr afu /frmu bm `femr/ bm acu njbìkm,jfu grmjm f af ecmre nõj bm acu tcbmrmu! tfrf mptanefr afu æen,efu bm af fjnbnue ntanjf mafocrfbfu tc r acu bîonamu ~ acubclnjfbcu f ac a frkc bm af ` nu cr nf* /]j kr}tc jc mpnum læu

v}m tcr u} bmufgìc bm mpnunr/ (bm Emrmf}! 6>04.* Af crf efrfbm af mpfafenõj bm af bngmrmjenf ftcrfbf tc r ma J}mwc L}j

bc mu ma lnc ceenbmjfa bma o}mj ufawfhm* Fu}enf tc r af v}m mam}rctmc um ftrctnf bm ac amhfjc* MaCrc um ecjwnmrm mj u}tam,lmjc bma falf tfrf ma Wnmhc L}jbc mj ernu nu ~ wìe nlf bm afk}mrrf tmrlfjmjm*

Bmubm gnjfamu bma unkac PW `fuf `c~! t}mbm rfurmfrum ma u}m,öc +bm }jf }jngnefenõj bma l}jbc ofhc ma unkjc bm }jf rman,knõj! }j nltmrnc! }j lcbmac mecjõlnec c afu a}e`fu bm acuctrnlnbcu* Af lìunef bma tcbmr ecmpnum c famrjf ecj af tm

rmjjnbfb bma bmumc bm rmftrctnfrum bma tcrwmjnr bma l}jbc

tfrf /anomrfr f acu `clormu bm u} mufbc/! eclc bmeìf Ofecj*

Bmubm mjcjemu! jc `fj bmhfbc bm bmufrrcaafrum acu trc~mecubm rmcrkfjnxfenõj bma l}jbc ~ bm /tfengnefenõj/ (af ftrctnf

enõj bm muf tfaforf fj bm a fkrfbc bm Mrfulc tcr afu bcern,jfu lnan frmu lcbmrjfu mu mace}mjm mj uì.* Rcbcu mucu

rmbmu îejnefu! crfu bm afu rmbmu ucenfamu! mj af ecjur}eenõjbm }j wìje}ac ucenfa trmofoîaìec* Mu ac v}m `mlcu njmjfbc bm,lcurfr mj af rnackìf Af ecl}jnefõõj,l}jbc (6>>?.! Af njwmjenõj

bm af ecl}jnefenõj (6>>2.! @nucrnf bm af }ctìf tafjmfrnf (6>>>.*

³Eõlc efrfemrnxfr ma /wnwnr h}jcu/ mj af ucenmbfb njb}urnfa3

Mj crjc f mum njmrrckfjm um ecjur}nrìf mj ma unkac PNP marme}rrmjm bnamlf `clckmjmnxfenõj#bnwmrungnefenõj* Bmubm

eclnmjxcu bm unkac! f rfwîu bm af oøuv}mbf bm lcbmacu ucenf,amu famrjfnwcu ofhc afîknbf bm Hcu}ctnufu* Tnîjumum mj E`fr,amu Gc}rner9 v}m njmjf rmecjenanfr bmjrc bm af wnbf ecl}jnfrnfac v}m ma njb}urnfanulc emjrìtmc `f bnucenfbc8 rfxõj ~ tf,uncjmu! tafemr ~ rfofhc! tafemr ~ ufomr * @fenf g njfamu bm mumlnulc unkac! f rfwîu bm acu bmofmu ecjun}nwcu bm afu enmj,enfu ucenfamu ucorm ma bmulmlorflnmjc bm af /ecl}jnbfb/ ~afu gcrlfu trnlfrnfu bm af ucenfonanbfb! mj omjmgnenc bm af ftfrnenõj bm af /ucenmbfb/! trcb}ecrf bm af fjclnf ~ bma fjcjn

lfc bm afu l}an}bmu* Af ecjenmjenf bma mjecknlnmjc bm a

l}jbc muæ tfrf mjcjemu l}~ trmumjm mj afu rmtrmumjf

encjmu ecamenwfu* Eclc ac tr}mof af nrr}tenõj bma ecjemtc

onclõrgnec bm /njmrbmtmjbmjenf/* Muf fjfackìf clfbf bma

}jnwmruc ema}afr af njrcb}emj acu tmjufbcrmu bma /ucanbfrnf,lc l}jbnfa/ c /l}jbnfanulc/ ,m j mucu eìre}acu njmrjfenc

jfanufu mu bcjbm mlmrkm muf umlæjnef f eclnmjxcu bma unkacPP, tfrf mptrmufr ma /j}mwc umj nbc bm a l}jbc/ njb}enb3

tc r afu rmbmu bm af ucenmbfb enwna crkfjnxfbf ~ afu rmbmu îejn,efu v}m u}refj ma tafjmf ~ rcbmfj ma }jnwmruc (ma ecrrmc! acu

efoamu u}olfrnjcu! afu wìfu njmrcemæjnefu.* Mj ma }lorfa bm afermfenõj bm afu enmjenfu ucenfamu* Kfornma Rfrbm um rmgnmrm fa fjf,a}kcj bma tafjmf eclc/emrmorc/ m njf}k}rf af lcbmrjf jc

enõj bm tøoanecu/v}m um mpnmjbmj `fuf acu aìlnmu bma kîjmrc`}lfjc krfenfu f acu lmbncu bm ecl}jnefenõj/* Mptacrfbcrbm ac njgnjnmunlfa! ma g}jbfbcr bm af tunecackìf ucenfa tcu}afv} m af bngmrmjenf mu ma fagf ~ ma clmkf bma }jnwmruc* Tcr ac v}m

um rmgnmrm f Utmjemr ~ B}ri`mnl* rfxcjfj mj îrlnjcu bm /48,kfjnulc/ ~ munlfj v}m `f~ } z mwca}enõj * b m u z m ac ` c j 8 c a 3 m zjmc `fuf ac `mmrckîjmc! ræjuac bm }jf ucanbfjbfb lmeflef

f }jf ucanbfrnbfb crkæjnef*

+/_LF*JBLF*RRMAFrQR

Af mjcackìf eaæunef muæ bnwnbnbf mjrm acu bmgmjucrmu bm afrmafnwnbfb e}a}rfa ~ acu mõrnecu bma bng}uncjnulc* Fa mufoamemr }jf muefa f bm wfacrfe nõj bm afu bnunjfu e}a}rfu! mufu

njfu ecjemtencjmu v}m enre}afj mj acu *flonmjmu njmrjfencjfanufu ucorm ma mufbc ~ ma e}ruc bm af l}jbnfanxfenõj! mj u}

rmafenõj ecj afu bnwmrunbfbmu* Ma tmjuflnmjc ucenfanuf ceen



øanlfu amknnlfj afu tcaìnefu /enwnanxfbcrfu/ bm afu tcmjenfu

ecacjnfamu rmutmec bm acu aaflfbcu t}moacu trnlnnwcu* Ma ga}hc bm afu njjcwfencjmu enre}af bmubm ma emjrc `fenf af tmrngmrnf* Eclc ecjrft}jc b m mu f wnu nõj mjceîjrnef! umecjun}~m }jf kmckrfgìf rmomabm v}m um jnmkf f umr eõltanembm }jf bnuentanjf v}m trmu f u} ecjrno}enõj f afu mptacrfencjmu ~ crfu mptmbnencjmu bm af mrf bm acu nltmrncu (f krfjbmu

rfukcu! bmubm 60;4 `fuf ma gnjfa bm af Krfj K}mrrf.* Erìnecrfbnefa bma lcbmac bm bmufrrcaac njb}urnfa! ~ bm u}u aõknefu bmemjrfanxfenõj ~ bmumrrncrnfanxfenõj! nlt}aufbc tc r af bnwnunõj njmrjfencjfa bma rfofhc* ma kmõkrfgc fjfrv}nuf Tncr

Irctcinj wm mj ma fbwmjnlnmjc bm af mbfb jmcîejnef! af mrfv}m fj}jenf af mjmrkìf maîernef! af trclmuf b m }jf ucenmbfb

gampnoam! eclt}muf tcr ecl}jnbfbmu bmuemjrfanxfbfu! ermfbcrfu bm }jf j}mwf ucenfonanbfb* Trclmuf bm rmecjenanfenõjmjrm af en}bfb ~ ma efltc! mjrm af njb}urnf ~ af fkrne}a}rf!mjrm ma rfofhc lfj}fa ~ ma njmame}fa! mjrm ma rfofhc ~ ma

cenc! mjrm ma ufomr ~ ma tafemr (f rfwîu bm af /mb}efenõj njmkrfa/! f j bma fkrfbc bm Gc}rnmr.* Ctcunencjmu v}m ucj crfu

fjfu ef}ufu bm af bmunk}fabfb ~ af njh}unenf ucenfa ~ v}m ucj

nj`mrmjmu f af mbfb frv}mcîejnef bma wftcr ! bm afu rmbmu bmgmrrcefrrna ~ bm afu lmkfaõtcanu }rofjfu* Muf erìnef bm afuløantamu lfjngmufencjmu bm af ecjemjrfenõj flonîj njf},

k}rf }jf j}mwf lnrfbf ucorm af `nucrnf! af bm afu u}emunwfugcrlfu fbctfbfu tcr af f~}bf l}}f ~ ma /uctcrm l}}c/

bm acu ctrnlnbcu* ]jf `nucrnf bm afrkf b}rfenõj bm af kmjm

bm fofhc! v}m `f rfìbc unj e}nbfbc f acu `nucrnfbcrmu! umkøjcoumrwf ma kmõkrfgc r}uc! ~ v}m/ muæ tc r `femrum/* Bm mum

trc~mec bm u}tmrfenõj bm af ucenmbfb njb}urnfa mlfjfræj! f

tfr n r bm acu föcu wmnjm! afu trnlmrfu }ctìfu ucenfanxfjmuucorm afu rmbmu bm af ucenmbfb tcunjb}urnfa* Mum tmjuflnmjc

rmomabm njga}nræ mj af corf bm Am{nu L}lgcrb* Lfru`faa Lea*}`fj wfenfræ bm umjnbc tcaìnec ma bmmrlnjnulc îejnec tcr mav}m um trmentnfræ* Afu bngmrmjenfu e}a}rfamu ~ afu grfe}rfuucenfamu um bmuwfjmemræj mj af /fabmf kacofa/ ecjur}nbf lmbnfjm mamwnucrmu njmrt}mucu!

Af ecjgrcjfenõj fa gnjfa bm af Krfj K}mrrf mjrm acu bnwmrucutrc~mecu bm ecl}jnbfb bm jfencjmu! bmhf mjrmwmr afu bnu,

bmjfa femref bm af mrf jmcîejnef bm af tcunjb}frnfanxfenõj

ecnjenbm ecj af gnacucgìf crnmjfa bm acu tmjufbcrmu tmrmjm,

enmjmu fa _mjfenlnmjc njbnc ucorm ma trckrmunwc ermenlnmjcbm af `}lfjnbfb `fuf faefjxfr af /}jnwmrufanbfb gnjfa/8 /af

bnwmrunbfb mj af }jnbfb/* Tfrf Urn F}rconjbc c Rfkcrm! jct}mbm `fomr/}jnõjl}jbnfa anorm! maæunef ~ trckrmunwf/! /}jìubfb ecltamhf ofufbf mj af bnwmrunbfb/! un jc um rmecjcem ma/bmrme`c bm acu t}moacu f bnutcjmr bm uì lnulcu/* Mwnbmjmlmjm! jc mu îuf af wnunõj v}m nmjm af Ucenmbfb c Ankf bmJfencjmu v}m um anlnf f fbctfr af wnunõj mwca}encjnuf bm acut}moacu ecacjnxfbcu eclc /t}moacu jnöcu/! ~ tcr fjc ofhc

}maf fjmu bm bfr ma tfuc `fenf ma mufbc fb}ac*

Af Trnlmrf K}mrrfL}jbnfarmtrmumjf! unj mlofrkc! }j t}jc

bm njg ampnõj `nuõrnec* F h}nenc bm acu t}moacu bmtmjbnmjmu!

u}o~}kfbcu c uclmnbcu! af efrjnemrìf bm mum trnlmr ecjganec cfa unkjngnef

magrfefuc bm af e}a}rf bm afu A}emu bm aamwfr

f af rmfanbfb u} lmjufhm lmunæjnec bm mlfjentfenõj mj af ecj,

ecrbnf* B}rfjm ma tmrìcbc bm mjrmk}mrrfu! ma /m}rctmnulc/

gnk}rf mj ma ofjec bm acu fe}ufbcu* Lnmjrfu! mj ma `crnxcjm!bmut}jf ma jcrmflmrnefjnurjc bnut}muc f umrwn r bm rma mwcmj af `mkmlcjìf l}jbnfa* Af faf e}a}rf bma Wnmhc L}8jbc!fbmlæu! `f u nbc bmufgnfbf bnrmeflmjm tc r ma fbwmjnlnmjc

bm }jf e}a}rf lmbnfnxfbf tc r acu lmefjnulcu njb}urnfamu ~

lmrefjnamu bm acu v}m @caa~{ccb um ecjwnmrm mj ma lfuefr õj bm trcf* Mj 64 v}m um rmg nmrm fa trc~mec ecl}jnuf! unl

ocanxfbc tc r af _mwca}enõj ucwnînef! læu f~acrnuf v}m matrctnc +Nf~acr9 jc frbf mj tcutcjmr tfrf }j g}}rc amhfjc* z fbwmjnlnmjc bm crf

e}a}rf! fau}tmbnfraf

f aftrmwnf

mbngnefenõj bm af njgrfmur}e}rf mecjõlnef*

Af ermfenõj! mj 6>27! bm af ]jmuec! crkfjnulc l}jbnfa e}~c

efltc bm ecltmmjenf mu! trmenuflmjm! afe}a}rf! jc um ecltfbmem ecj }j rmecjcenlnmjc bm af bnwmrunbfb* @fuf ma t}j!cbm v}m af øjnef wìf bm ufa nbf bma u}obmufrrcaac v}m ma crkfr}ulc ufom cgrmemr f acu tfìumu bma Rmremr L}jbc b}rfjm emref

bm }j e}frc bm unkac mu ma fanjmflnmjc ecj ma lcbmac e f j õ z ¬ec bm mwca}enõj bm afu krfjbmu ucenmbfbmu njb}urnfamu* Af w ,

627FgQ+¦QFJBLFRRMa**FgQR

unõj bm af `nucrnf bm acu t}moacu eclc lcwnlnmjc kmjmrfa

bm bnrmeenõj øjnef tcr mftfu u}emunwfu mufoamem ma rîknlmj

bm wmrbfb* Acu ucenõackcu bm af lcbmrjnxfenõj mprftcafj f

62 ;nmctcaai8fbm af e}a}r+V

umrwfenõj bma lmbnc flonmjm* Af trnlmrf ecjgmrmjenf bm afuJfencjmu ]jnbfu ucorm lmbnc flonmjm! crkfjnxfbf mj Mucecalc mj 6>;?! fecrf afu bnufjenfu mjrm af trcoamlænef bm af



acu aaflfbcu tfìumu frfufbcu afu mjumöfjxfu bm af mptmrnmjenfbma lærimnjk njb}urnfa v}m `f bfbc tr}mofu bm u}u ftn}

bmu mj afu murfmknfu bm bng}unõj bm j}mwcu lîcbcu mjrm acufkrne}acrmu mufbc}jnbmjumu b}rfjm ma tmrìcbc bm mjrmk}m

rrfu* Rfe`fbf bm njmrenf ~ bm gffanulc! af e}a}rf bm afu / uc enmbfbmu rfbnencjfamu/ muecjunbmrfbfeclc }jf ecjemjrfenõjbm couæe}acu v}m af mcrìf bng}uncjnuf bma trckrmuc ucenfa umtrftcjm ~}k}afr* Ma tmrgna nbmfanxfbc bm /tmrucjfanbfb lc

bmrjf/! aaflfbf mltænef! trmbnut}muf f af lcwnanbfb tunecaõknef ~ f af njjcwfenõj! um lfmrnfanxf f rfwîu bm acu lcbmacu

bm wnbf bng}jbnbcu tc r ma lcwnlnmjc ecjufjm bm acu lm

bncu ~ afu rmbmu bm afu ucenmbfbmu lcbmrjfu! frrfnkfbfu mj af

lcbmrjnbfb m}rcjcrmflmrnefjf! tfrfbnklf bm af ucenmbfb

bm ecju}lc* Tfrf muf ecjemtenõj mwca}encjnuf ~ ecjfoam

bma bmufrrcaac tcr mftfu `fenf af {mumrjnxfenõj! }jf jfenõj

jc njnenf u} fuemjuc `fenf af e}a}rf ufawìgnef bm af lcbmrjnxf

enõj un jc rmøjm acu /rmv}nuncu lìjnlcu/ bm mptcune nõj f acu

lmbncu* Af ]jmuec um mje}mjrf fuì bnwnbnbf mjrm af nbmcackìf mejcerænef bm af tafjngnefenõj ucenfa ~ acu famkfcu gfwcrfoamu fa /}jnwmrufa `}lfjc/ (mlf emjrfa bm af corf bm u}!

mjcjemu! bnrmecr kmjmrfa! Ymfj Lf`m}.! acu tafjmu bm ufawfenõj bma /tfrnlcjnc bm af `}lfjnbfb/ ~ af mbnenõj bm løun

efu rfbnencjfamu*

]jf lf~cr amknnlnbfb tfrf af bnwmrunbfb

B}rfjm af bîefbf bm acu ummjf! af mjrfbf mj af mrf tcuecacjnfa njwnmrm mj ma ecjh}jc bma u nu mlf bm afu Jfencjmu ]jn

bfu af rmafenõj bm g}mrxfu mjrm acu tfìumu bma U}r ~ bma Jcrm*Ma rmclc f af e}a }rf ! eclc g}mjm bm nbmjnbfb! bm umjnbc!

bm u}tmrwnwmjenf! bm mptrmunõj ~ bnkjnbfb muæ mj ecjeclnfjenf ecj af ernunu bm a tmjuflnmjc øjnec bm af lcbmrjnxf

enõj#bmufrrcaac* Af bnwmrunbfb e}a}rfa mu mamwfbf f af efmkcrnfbm trmlnuf bm }jf wìf famrjfnwf fa }jnwmrufanulc bng}jbnbc

tc r af nbmcackìf bma eæae}ac (ma TJO. ~ tc r ma bmmrlnjnulc bmacu wmecrmu îejnecu* Muf rm`fonanfenõj bm af ermfnwnbfb bmafu e}a}rfu nltanef af wfacrnxfenõj bm acu rme}rucu acefamu9 tcjmma îjgfunu mj af jmemufrnf tfrnentfenõj en}bfbfjf ~ mj af trm,

bnwmrunbfb e}a}rfa ~ af bm af oncbnwmrunbfb* Ma trcemuc mjf

oafbc ecjrf ma lcbmac bclnjfjm bm ermenlnmjc um ufabf ecj}j njgcrlm bnrnknbc f acu krfjbmu tfìumu njb}urnfamu tfrf v}mrmecjunbmrmj! mj u} trctnc njmrîu! u} lcbmac bm ecju}lc f

}arfjxf* Af j}mwf gnacucgìf bma bmufrrcaac bmj}jenf acu }ucunjfbme}fbcu bm af jcenõj bm bnwmrunbfb e}a}rfa* /Af oøuv}m

bf bm af bnwmrunbfb e}a}rfa rfnencjfrìf f af `}lfjnbfb un umecjwnrnmum mj }jf rmnrfbf rmutmec bm af rmutcjufonanbfb kacofa ecltfrnbf! mj }j fnuafencjnulc tfrrcv}nfa! v}m rfjugcrlfrìf f afu e}a}rfu flmjfxfbfu mj gõunamu v}m bmomrìfj umr

ecjumrwfbcu mj }jf u}mrm bm l}umc ucenfa! c mj }j lf}ucamc

bm l}mrcu,wnwnmjmu***Jc trmmjbm! mj jnjkøj efuc! }jf grfklmjfenõj efõnef! unj ecjunbmrfr afu ecjume}mjenfu v}m tc

brnf mjmr tfrf af }jnbfb jfencjfa c af ecctmrfenõj l}jbnfa

ecj wnufu f af rmuca}enõj bm trcoamlfu wnfamu* Um jnmkf f ecjkmafr afu njnv}nbfbmu fe}famu ofufbfu mj acu unumlfu bm trnwn

amknc v}m um funmjfj mj af efuf! af rfxf! af eafum ~ af jfenõj*/

Ecj ma f}km bm afu trcmufu trcwmjnmjmu bma Lcwnlnmjc bmTfìumu jc Fanjmfbcu! af ]jmuec um ecjwnmrm mj ma mtnemjrc bmacu bmofmu ucorm ma /J}mwc Crbmj L}jbnfa bm af Njgcrlf

enõj ~ af Ecl}jnefenõj/* Ma aaflfbc Rmremr L}jbc rmnwnjbn

ef ma rmmv}na nornc bm acu bmunk}famu ga}hcu bm njmrefloncu mjlfmrnf bm e}a}rf m njgcrlfencjmu* F u} wmx! acu lnjnurcu

m}rctmcu bm E}a}rf um njv}nmfj fjm af bmumufonanxfenõj bmafu tcaìnefu tøoanefu tcr tfrm bm afu njb}urnfu e}a}rfamu* Acukrfjbmu tfìumu njb}urnfamu lnbmj ma f aefjem bm acu rmcu afjxfbcu f afu nbmjnbfbmu jfencjfamu fjc tc r acu ga}hcu rfju

jfencjfamu eclc tcr afu trcmufu bm bne`fu lnjcrìfu mj maumjc lnulc bma Mufbc,jfenõj*

Jc `f~ e}a}rf unj lmbnfencjmu ~ jc `f~ nbmjnbfb unj,rfb}eenõj* B}rfjm acu föcu ce`mjf! mlmrkmj j}mwcu njmrrc

kfjmu ucorm acu trcemucu bm njmrfeenõj ~ bm rfjufeenõj mjrmafu e}a}rfu ecjermfu ~ acu ga}hcu rfjujfencjfamu* Tcjmj mj

mjrmbne`c af wnunõj lcjcaìnef fjc bma lcbc bm g}jencjflnmjc bm acu lmefjnulcu bm tcbmr eclc bm af gcrlfenõj bm

af lcbmrjnbfb* Um ftrmenf af bnucenfenõj mjrm af kacofanxfenõj

62 *

F_L*FJBLFRRMaFFR

bma unumlf mejctrcb}enwc ~ af mutmengnenbfb bm afu e}a}rfu

~ afu træenefu e}a}rfamu* Af `ntõmunu bma /tmjuflnmjc lmunxc/! gcrl}afbf tcr acu fjrctõackcu! tcjm bm rma nmwm af bnf

62 *

4m4t4N6ri8f anamNnNNENNNa*,aN

fbftfj! rmecjur}~mj! rmnjmrtrmfj afu `nucrnfu trct}mufu

tcr afu tmaìe}afu ~ acu trckrflfu bm wcefenõj kacofa! `f `me`c

v}m um cawnbfrf v}m }jc um t}mbm ecjfr }jf `nucrnf unj `femr



aîenef bm acu njmrefloncu ,~ f umfj lmbnænecu! gnjfjenmrcu!enmjìgnecu! rmankncucu c lnanfrmu! ~f trcwmjkfj bm afu løa n tamu bnæutcrfu! ecjufjmu c mltcrfamu! ~f u nkfj afu rmbmu !

amkfamu c namkfamu* ³Eõlc um wmjnafj afu jmkcenfencjmu mjrm acunjk}afr ~ 64 }jnwmrufa! mjrm 64acefa! ac jfencjfa ~ ac l}j

bnfa3 ³Eõlc um rmrfjuernomj unkjcu tafjmfrncu mj g}jenõj

bm ecjmpcu unjk}afrmu3 xecrcc mlmrkmj crfu lcbmrjnbf

bmu mj acu aìlnmu bm afu rfbnencjmu3 Ucj trmk}jfu bm unlnafrjf}rfamxf afu v}m lcnwfj acu j}mwcu njmrrckfjmu ucorm afkmjmfackìf bma mutfenc,l}jbc* Af jcenõj bm /ecl}jnefenõj

l}jbc/! bm gnanfenõj orf}bmanfjf! rmmrrncrnfanxf acu rmcu bm

af gfum ecjmltcræjmf bm af njmkrfenõj bma eftnfanulc* Njea}~m j}mwflmjm ma rmclc fa u}hmc! f afu uñ&&H9mnwnbfbmu ~ fafu e}a}rfu mj ma ecj mpc bm acu bmmrlnjfjmu ucenc`nuõrnecuc Ma fjæanunu bm afu njmrfeencjmu ~ rfjufeencjmu mjrm afue}a}rfu jc t}mbm fourfmrum bm afu aõknefu kmcmecjõlnefu ~kmctcaìnefu v}m njga}~mj mj af j}mwf mur}e}rfenõj bm afuhmrfrv}ìfu! bm afu tcafrnxfencjmu ~ bm afu ef}ufu bm mpea}unõj*Ma lîrnc bm af bmuwnfenõj bm af lnrfbf `fbf af l}antanenbfb

bm lmbnfencjmu ~ træenefu bm af e}a}rf crbnjfrnf muæ mj bmulcjfr }jf tcu}rf l}~ fumjfbf! v}m ecjunum mj mu}bnfr

acu mgmecu bma tcbmr tfrnmjbc bm îum ~ jc bm acu v}m ac tf

bmemj* Tmrc af gcefanxfenõj mj }j ucac afbc bma rmach bm frmjf

flonîj `f fonmrc af efhf bm Tfjbcrf bm af flonkñmbfb* /Afeclcbnbfb ,muernom af fjrctõackf lmpnefjf _cuufjf _mk}njc, ecj af v}m `c~! tc r mhmltac! um }nanxf mj acu bnue}rucufefbîlnecu bm af ecl}jnefenõj af jcenõj bm +lmbnfenõj+! mu

ucutme`cuf* Tcecu mu}bncu um clfj ma rfofhc bm mptanenfr

bmubm bõjbm ~ eõlc um }nanxf! eclc un af jcenõj tc r uì lnulfg}mrf tcrfbcrf bm u} trctnf mptanefenõj c eclc un `}onmrf

}jf mutmenm bm fe}mrbc æenc v}m wcawnmrf njjmemufrnc e}fav}nmr ntc bm bnue}unõj*/ Ma tunecfjfanuf frkmjnjc mufoamen

bc mj Lîpnec! Mjrnv}m K}njuomrk! aamkf læu amhcu8 efangnef bm

/tmrwmrucu/ mucu } ucu ~ acu fe`fef f af tîrbnbf bma wìje}acmjrm af njwmunkfenõj ~ af rfxõj ernnef* ]jf fjrctcackìf ank,`r! mj mgmec! `f mrnknbc ma fec bm ecju}lc bm acu trcb}ecu

bm afu njb}urnfu e}a}rfamu mj }j a}kfr trnwnamknfbc bmubm

bcjbm/tmjufr/* Af rmwmafenõj bm afu f}bnmjenfu/fenwfu/! v}m

@nucrnf/! eclc bnem hmfj,A}e Kcbfrb* Tcr64kmjmrfa! af ìjkmj}f njmrtrmfenõj bm af eftfenbfb bm ftrctnfenõj bm acu unkjcu bm af lcbmrjnbfb `f wnuc eõlc um rmeneafof af nbmf oæunefbma mjgcv}m bng}uncjnuf umkøj ma e}f a af e}a}rf jcrmflmrn

efjf mu }j /ctmrfbcr bm }jnwmrufanxfenõj/ mj ma v}m afu e}a}

rfu unjk}afrmu t}mbmj! tmrgmeflmjm! bmgnjnrum bm j}mwc unj

ecjbmjfrum* Ma mgmec træenec bm muf mcrìf mwfjkîanef mu v}m

um `f tmrenonbc ma bmofm ucorm afu tcaìnefu tøoanefu rmutmec

bm afu njb}urnfu e}a}rfamu eclc un efrmenmrf bm wfacr* Ma bck

lf anomrfa bm a 66ecju}lnbcr ucomrfjc/ um `f mjecjrfbc fuìecj }j fanfbc bm tmuc bmjrc bm af uftnmjenf fefbîlnef * Aftrctmjunõj f njea}nr af rmfanxfenõj bma njbnwnb}c (~ u} umbìemjm /rmunumjenf/. mjrm acu }ucu bm acu trcb}ecu e}a}rfamu`f mj}ronfbc ma bnuemrjnlnmjc bm acu rmcu v}m nltanef afrmecltcunenõj bm af en}bfbfjìf ~ bma mutfbc tøoanec* Ma `me`c

bm v}m ma ecju}lc flonîj mu! ~ efbf wmx læu! }jf trcb}eenõjbm njgcrlfencjmu bmjrc bma rîknlmj bm af rmk}afenõj uceìcmecjõlnef bma tcugcrbnulc! um `f ecjwmrnbc mj }j t}jc enmkc*

Ma efræemr flonk}c bma rmclc f af bnwmrunbfb e}a}rfa flonîj um t}uc eafrflmjm bm lfjngnmuc ecj af j}mwf amknnlnb fb b m v }m bnugr}f af trcoamlæ nef bm af grfklmjfenõj bm

afu nbmjnbfbmu* Af jcenõj bm /l}ane}a}rfanulc/ mu ma emjrc

bm afu ecjrcwmrunfu* /Wmrbfbmrc,gfauc ecjemtc/! rmcöc bm

}jf /w}akff tafjmfrnf/ mptcrfbf tc r af ecl}jnbfb fefbîlnef bm Mufbcu ]jnbcu8 af ern nef v}m am bnrnkmj acu ucenõac

kcu Tnmrrm Oc}rbnm} ~ Acne [fev}fj mu rfbnefa * Af jcenõj

tfbmem bm }j rntam wnenc8 ma kr}tnulc (ecungnefenõj bm afu bnwn

uncjmu ucenfamu efjcjnxfbfu tcr af o}rcerfenf muffa mj trnjentncu bm ecjcenlnmjc ~ rmnwnjbnefenõj tcaìnef.9 ma tct}anulc(c emamorfenõj njkmj}f bm af e}a}rf bm acu bclnjfbcu ~ b m u }

/t}jc bm wnuf/.9 ma lcrfanulc (v}m bmumlocef mj }j bmofm unjgnj jn mgmecu ucorm ma jmemufrnc /rmecjcenlnmjc e}a}rfa/.*

Mutmenfanuf mj e}a}rfu bm af bnæutcrf! ma tcanõackc Hflmu

Ec`mj f~}bf f mjmjbmr lmhcr afu nltanefencjmu tcaìnefu bm a

}uc bm afu jcencjmu bm bnwmrunbfb e}a}rfa ~ l}ane}a}rfanulc ftanefbfu fa mu}bnc bm af ecl}jnbfb `nutfjc`foafjm bm

6=4F_LFJBLF*RRMAF_R

Mufbcu ]jnbcu8 /Bm fjc tafjmfr 64 afnjc eclc }j f e}munõj bm /bnwmrunbfb e}a}rfa/! um cawnbf v}m ma efabc bm e}anwcbm afu mjuncjmu ucenfamu ~ tcaìnefu bma g}}rc umræ ma g}ak}rfj,

6 = anmctcaaaef bm af e}a}rf

}ctìfu! oacv}mfbfu mj ma gcjbc bma rmach bm frmjf! `fj bmunafbc }j f gcrlf bm tmjuflnmjc lfjnv}mc v}m ecjrfuf maMufbc ecj af ucenmbfb enwna! afu tcaìnefu tøoanefu ecj af f}c,



m bmufrrcaac bm af trmefrnmbfb ucencmecjõlnef bm lnaacjmu bmafnjcu fkr}tfbcu mj ofrrncu! bmubm Acu Æjkmamuf J}mwf ^cri*Mj crfu tfaforfu! ecjwmjbrìf u}ou}lnr af e}munõj bma lcbc

bm kmunõj bm af bnwmrunbfb e}a}rfa ~ anjkñìunef mj af bma

lcbmac ucenfa f umefu*/ ^ ecjea}~m8 /Ma aaflflnmjc îjnec mu!tc r bmgnjnenõj! }jf fltanf njmrtmafenõj! }j eclcbìj v}m umtrmuf f cbcu acu }ucu tcaìnecu/*

Acu bnue}rucu ucorm afu nbmjnbfbmu tfrne}afrmu am `fj fbm,

afjfbc f acu bnue}rucu ucorm ma trnjentnc bm nk}fabfb eclc

cohmnwc trncrnfrnc bm af feenõj tcaìnef! v}m `foìfj bnumöfbc!

mj ma rfjue}ruc bm acu bcu øanlcu unkacu! af gnk}rf bm ac }jn,

wmrufa! bm u }u tcacu bm frfeenõj ~ bm u}u krfjbmu rmafcu* Bm`me`c! mu af munu emjrfa bm af corf bm Mrjmuc Afeaf} ucorm Ø6k}mrrm bmu nbmjnîm* Um ftrmenf mum lnulc tfje}a}rfanulc mj

l}e`cu bm acu tafjmflnmjcu bm acu E}a}rfa U}bnmu* Umkøjcoumrwf! femrfbflmjm! af frkmjnjf Omfrnx Ufrac! /ma ornecafhm v}m um trcb}em ofhc mum tfrfk}fu*** jc nmjm jfbf v}m wmr

ecj acu mu}bncu e}a}rfamu (fa ~ eclc u}rknmrcj mj Krfj Ormföf mj acu föcu umumjf.! mj ma umj nbc bm u} trmce}tfenõj

tcr mufoamemr }j unumlf bm rmgrfeencjmu mjrm ac ucenfa ~ afbnlmjunõj unloõanef*** Mu bmenr! nmjmj }j f mutmenm bm afpn}bmõrnef! ~f jc um rff bm e}a}rf bm lmxeaf unjc læu onmj bm

eclonjfenõj ìtneflmjm fefbîlnef! meaîenef! bm eftfu bm

umjnbcu mõrnecu*/

Af e}a}rf eclc /onmj tøoanec ecløj/8³}jf j}mwf }ctìf3

Af tmrwmrunõj bma ecjemtc bm bnwmrunbfb e}a}rfa mu }j fu}j,

c v}m ucormtfuf acu k}mcu fefbîlnecu* Fgmef ucorm cbc facu trcemucu bm amknnlfenõj bma trc~mec bm crbmj mejckacofa* Bmubm acu föcu umumjf! ma frk}lmjc bm af bnwmrunbfb um`f ecjwmrnbc mj ma efofaac bm Rrc~f bm }jf nbmcackìf gmrcxlmjm ct}muf fa Mufbc,jfenõj,omjmgfecr* Bmubm Fawnj Rcggamr f Tmmr Br}eimr9 tfufjbc tcr Jne`cafu Jmkrctcjm c Nc`jTmrr~ Ofrac{! trcgmf bma anomrfrnulc ecl}jnfrnc! afu mejc,

rrmk}afenõj lmrefjna! af rnknbmx ecj af gampnonanbfb! af emjrfa nxfenõj ecj af bmuemjrfanxfenõj! ma u nu mlf ecj af wnbf

ecnbnfjf! af }jngcrlnbfb ecj af bnwmrunbfb* Ma trnlmr îrln,

jc b m af fjnjclnf unrwm bm ecjrfum ~ umöfaf ma eflnjc v}m

ecjb}em f af rmbmjenõj enomrmutfenfa! unlocanxfbf tc r ma umk}jbc*

F tfr n r bm acu föcu ce`mjf! acu murfmkfu bma lærimnjk ~bma lfjfkmlmj `fj ecjwmrnbc af bnwmrunbfb e}a}rfa mj }j f

jcenõj ctmrfnwf fa mrnknraf mj ma trnjentnc bm umklmjfenõj

rfjujfencjfa bm acu cohmnwcu mj /ecl}jnbfbmu bm ecju}ln,

bcrmu/ (ecju}ltncj ecrjrj}jnnmu.* @fj fjnentfbc fuì ma `m,

e`c bm v}m afu j}mwfu mejcackìfu bm falfemjflnmjc bm

njgcrlfenõj ~ bm mufoamenlnmjc bm tmrgnamu ntmrlnmj trc,

b}enr bnwmrunbfb bm gcrlf mufjbfrnxfbf&

Ecj acu trcemucu bm bmurmk}afenõj ~ trnwfnxfenõj bm acu unumlfu f}bncwnu}famu ~ bm mamecl}jnefencjmu! af e}a}rf um `fnjecrtcrfbc f af jclmjeaf}rf bm acu /umrwnencu/* ^ af bìwmruìbfb e}a}rfaum `f nbmjngnefbc ecj af l}antanefenõj bm af cgmrf~ af bmlfjbf mj ma lmrefbc bm onmjmu e}a}rfamu* /E}fjbc acutrcb}ecu umfj læu fumv}noamu tfrf acu ecju}lnbcrmu! uml}antanefræj afu tcunonanbfbmu bm mptrmufr af bnwmrunbfb bm

e}a}rfu ~ amjk}fu v}m fo}jbfj mj M}rctf/! t}mbm ammrum mj

}j njgcrlm ucorm af 66ucenmbfb kacofa bm af njgcrlfenõj/ mln,

nbc mj 6>>2 tc r ma eclnufrnc bm mamecl}jnefencjmu bm af]jnõj M}rctmf*

Fkrmunwc! ma bnue}ruc v}m fecltföf f afu mu rfmknfu bm ecjemjrfenõj bm acu lmkfkr}tcu bm ecl}jnefenõj muæ unjcjnxfbc mj af lnulf acjkn }b bm cjbf8 /Ac bnkc bm mjrfbf8 ln

gnacucgìf tmrucjfa unmltrm lm njenfræ f um r }j fbmtc mj},

unfuf bm af bnwmrunbfb! bma lmunxfhm ~ bma l}ane}a}rfanulc

Y***\ Faaæ bcjbm fak}jcu mlmj af }jngcrlnxfenõj! ~c! fa ecj,rfrnc! wmc eõlc wnorf } j l}jbc læu bnwmruc! læu fonmrc!læu camrfjm*/ Fuì um mptrmufof! mj forna bm ?446! ma flc bm

Wnwmjbn,]jnwmrufa! umk}jbc kr}tcl}jbnfa bm ecl}jnefenõj!

mj af tcrfbf bma bnfrnc AmLcjbm* Rì}ac bma frìe}ac8 /Wnwnr af

/*T*LFJB *********RRMa*FTìR

bnwmrunbfb e}a}rfa/* ^ ma `clorm v}m futnrf f ecjwmrnr f u}kr}tc mj /ma v} m lmhcr mjefrjm muf bnwmrunbfb e}a}rfa! jfenbf mj M}rctf/ ecjea}~m bnenmjbc v}m mj af /l}jbnfanxfenõj

+/nmctcaabef bm af e8}6r}6+6a

rmjbf kmjmrfa! v}m }wc a}kfr mj Tfrìu mjrm ce}orm ~ jcwnmlorm bm ?446! um ftrcoõ }jf /Bmeafrfenõj }jnwmrufa ucormaf bnwmrunbfb e}a}rfa/* Mjrm afu a ìjmfu bm fe}fenõj bma tafj



ta}rfa! ecacrnbf! lmunxfbf/ jc `f~ unnc tfrf afu lmjfanbfbmu rnumu v}m g}unkfj af /lmrefjnanxfenõj bm af e}a}rf/ mnjmjfj ecjwmjemr bm af jmemunbfb bm }jf/e}a}rf,mpemtenõj/ tfrf mwnfr ma rmnjc bm }jf/e}a}rf,bclnjfenõj/* Afe}a}rf /jc ufom a amwfr ma }jngcrlm ~ jc bmhf v}m af fanumj/!rmlfe`f* aa*f mpemtenõj e}a}rfa `f l}mrc& YWnwf af bnwmrunbfb& Af bmjcufbf mpemtenõj e}a}rfa! îum mu ma trnjentnc! mwn

bmjmlmjm! v}m! mj 6>>5!ecjunk}nõfrrfjefr af]jnõj M}rctmfmj ma t}auc v}m lfj}wc,cj Mufbcu ]jnbcu mj ma lfrec bm a

KFRR*

Ma Fe}mrbc bm 6>>5 ucorm af mpemtenõj e}a}rfa bnuf l}e`cbm umr njbmamoam* ^ jc uõac tc r afu mlomunbfu bm acu+ krfjbmukr}tcu* Tcr }j afbc! mj ma umjc bm af ]jnõj M}rctmf! ma ecacrtcaìnec bm acu kconmrjcu! bmubm mjcjemu! `f eflonfbc ecjunbmrfoamlmjm* Ma ecjumjuc! comjnbc ~f mjcjemu ecj krfj

mug}mrxc! ecrrm ma rnmukc bm ufafr mj tmbfxcu mj e}fav}nmrlclmjc! mj efbf rmjmkcenfenõj tmrnõbnef ucorm ftanefenõjbm af tcaìnef bm e}cfu bm trckrflfenõj ~ bm f~}bfu f af trcb}eenõj enjmlfckrægnef* Bmgmeenõj bm af Nfanf bm Unawnc OmrN}uecjn! tcunenõj bmugfaamenmjm bm Mutföf ~ Krfj Ormföf!rmnemjenf bm Famlfjnf* Mj wìutmrfu bm af e}lorm bm Umfam! fgnjfamu bm 6>>>! af ]jnõj M}rctmf! fa }jìucjc! rceõ af jcenõjbm /mpemtenõj e}a}rfa/ tc r af bm /bnwmrunbfb e}a}rfa/! uctrmmpc bm v}m af trnlmrf ecjjcfof }jf murfmknf bmgmjunwf* Ecjgnfof! ucorm cbc! mj ce}afr acu bmufe}mrbcu* G}m mj

wfjc8 muf gfe`fbf ecjumju}fa jc frbõ mj fkrnmfrum* Jnjkøjtfìu lnmlorc fecknõ gfwcrfoamlmjm af trct}muf bm afu f}crnbfbmu

grfjemufu bmv}m

um njufafummjacu bmofmu ucorm afe}a}rf }j crkfjnulc njmrjfencjfa bm efrfemrìunefu unlnaf

rmu f afu bm af ]jmuec* Ma bnrmecr kmjmrfa bm af ]jmuec! tc r u}tfrm! `f rmnmrfbc! mj j}lmrcufu cefuncjmu! v}m af njun}enõj v}m trmunbm jc um ecjunbmrf `fonanfbf tfrf rffr ma fu}jcbm acu njmrefloncu bm onmjmu ~ umrwnencu e}a}rfamu! frno}nbc

f af CLm*

Unj mlofrkc! mj af ]jmuec ma mlf bm af bnwmrunbfb e}a}rfa mucohmc bm cbfu afu fmjencjmu* Fa îrlnjc bm af PPPN Ecjgm,

trmwnuc tfrf u} nltafjfenõj gnk}rfj cohmnwcu rmafencjfbcu!

mj tfrne}afr! ecj af /ucenmbfb bm af njgcrlfenõj/! famu eclc8/Gclmjfr af fagfomnxfenõj bnknfa/! /Trclcwmr af bnwmrunbfbanjkñìunef mj ma mutfenc bnknfa/! /A}e`fr ecjrf af grfe}rf

bnknfa/* Bcu njgcrlmu fjmrncrmu `foìfj umjfbc afu ofumu bm}j bnfkjõunec ucorm af /bnwmrunbfb ermfbcrf/* Mj 6>>7! }jtrnlmr mpc! v}m mjìf trmenuflmjm mum ì}ac! trmecjnxfofaf jmemunbfb bm }jf /j}mwf înef l}jbnfa unj af e}fa jnjk}jfuca}enõj f acu njlmjucu trcoamlfu bm af mpea}unõj umrìf rmfalmjm tcunoam/* E}frc föcu læu frbm! crc njgcrlm! u}on}afbc /Bnwmrunbfb e}a}rfa! ecjganec ~ ta}rfanulc/! wcawìf f afefrkf* Mj flocu bce}lmjcu um muocxfofj acu krfjbmu rfukcubm af frv}nme}rf bm }jf /j}mwf tmrmjmjenf/! mj rmut}muf faf rntam ecltamhnbfb njrcb}enbf tcr af l}jbnfanxfenõj mj afbmgnjnenõj lnulf bm ta}rfanulc e}a}rfa8 af mjunõj mjrm ln,

krfenõj ~ en}bfbfjìf! af mpfemrofenõj bm afu murfmknfubm nbmj nbfb! ma rmer}bmenlnmjc bm afu mjbmjenfu trmmpnumjmu f afpmjcgconf* Mj ?446! af ]jmuec föfbnõ }jf j}mwf efmkcrìf f afbmgnjnenõj bm /tfrnlcjnc bm af `}lfjnbfb/8 afu /gcrlfu bmmptrmunõj tct}afr ~ rfbnencjfa! crfamu c njlfmrnfamu/! ~ acu/mutfencu e}a}rfamu/* Muf efmkcrìf `f unbc t}muf mj tnm bmnk}fabfb ecj af /ecjumrwfenõj bm acu un ncu jf}rfamu ~ e}a}rfamu/* Bm mum lcbc! mj ma ecjnjmjm flmrnefjc `fj unbcumameencjfbcu af løunef bm acu Efrnglf bm Omanem! ma efrjfwfafjbnjc bm Cr}rc! af grfmrjnbfb bma Mutìrn} Ufjc bm acu ecjkfu bm Wnaaf Lmaaf! mj af _mtøoanef Bclnjnefjf ~ ma tfrnlcjnc crfa bma t}moac Xftfrf! mj Me}fbcr*

Ma fj}jenc! mgme}fbc mj afEcjgmrmjenf bm

af CrkfjnxfenõjL}jbnfa bma Eclmrenc! v}m }wc a }kfr mj Bc`f (Vffr.! mj

jcwnmlorm bm ?446! bm af ftmr}rf bm }j j}mwc eneac bm jmkcenfencjmu ucorm umrwnencu `f rmfenwfbc afu ecjrcwmrunfu m}rcjcrmflmrnefjfu ucorm ma muf}c mutmenfa ccrkfbc f afunjb}urnfu e}a}rfamu* L}e`cu kconmrjcu bm tfìumu bma U}r `fjlfjngmufbc ~ unk}mj lfjngmufjbc }j njmrîu rmfa tcr af mptmrnmjenf m}rctmf bm afu aaflfbfu tcaìnefu bm mpemtenõj e}a}rfa! tmrc jc mu lmjcu enmrc v}m crcu l}e`cu njmrtrmfjmufu øanlfu eclc }j trcoamlf mpea}unwc bm acu krfjbmu tfg,

6=/FN[FJBLFRRMAF_R

umu njb}urnfamu bmumcucu bm trcmkmr u} njb}urnf ~ u} lmrefbc* Lnmjrfu mj 6>>?!Efjfbæ amufefof fakconmrjc bm Mufbcu]jnbcu af eaæ}u}af bm /mpmjenõj e}a}rfa/! mj ma lfrec bma

6=*7mctc6aaefbm Nj a?aa}rf

mhmrenbf tc r mufu crkfjnxfencjmu tfrf v}m acu Mufbcu,jfenõjjc um bmutchmj f uì lnulcu bm afu `mrrflnmjfu bm u} ucomrfjìf e}a}rfa um `f ecjwmrnbc mj trncrnbfb murfîknef* Tmrc



Fe}mrbc bm Anormeflonc Jcrmflmrnefjc (Famjf.! Lîpnec! mamremr ucenc bm af xcjf bm anormeflonc! munlfof v}m u}u njb}urnfu e}a}rfamu jfencjfamu mrfj u}gnenmjmlmjm tcbmrc,

u fu eclc tfrf trmuenjbnr bm famu lmbnbfu fe`fbfu bm

/trcmeencjnufu/* ]j muemtnenulc bm unlnafr jf}rfamxf! rmutmec bm af jmemunbfb bm famu tcaìnefu tøoanefu! mrf ma v}m

mptrmufof }j lnmlorc bm af bmamkfenõj orfunamöf fjm af fLm!mj Bc`f8 /Wnuc bmubm Orfunanf! ma eclofm tc r af mpemtenõje}a}rfa mu }j eclofm bm rmfk}frbnf/* Mu af rfxõj tcr af v}m

ma kconmrjc orfunamöc `f unbc }jc bm acu trnlmrcu! mj ?446! mju}lfrum fa t}öfbc bm kconmrjcu gfwcrfoamu f v}m af anomrfanxfenõj bm mum ume c r bm acu /umrwnencu um bmoff mj af j}mwf

rcjbf bm jmkcenfencjmu ucorm /umrwnencu/ njnenfbf tcr af CLm*

Eclc ~f `mlcu umöfafbc fjmrncrlmjm! Lîpnec ~ Orfuna tc ,

ummj g}mrmu kr}tcu f}bncwnu}famu! v}m ucj krfjbmu mptcrfbcrmubm mamjcwmafu*Mj acu föcu ummjf! e}fjbc ma lcwnlnmjcbm Tfìumu jc Fanjmfbcu`foìf njea}nbc mj ma crbmj bma bìf bm af]jmuec af jmemunbfb bm mufoamemr }j /J}mwc crbmj l}jbnfa

bm af njgcrlfenõj ~ af ecl}jnefenõj/! læu bm }j emjmjfr bmtfìumu ftc~frcj af njnenfnwf* ]jcu rmnjf föcu læu frbm! acumurfkcu bm afu tcaìnefu bm bmurmk}afenõj }arfanomrfa `fj rm

b}enbc ecjunbmrfoamlmjm muf lfuf erìnef bm bmamkfencjmuk}omrjflmjfamu* Mj eflonc! af ucenmbfb enwna crkfjnxfbf!

e}~f trmumjenf mrf muefuf mj acu bmofmu bm acu föcu ummjf!

`f nrr}ltnbc mj ma muemjfrnc bm afu jmkcenfencjmu* Fa lfrkmj

bm acu fwffrmu bm afu lmbnfencjmu njmrk}omlflmjfamu! bm

acu ecltrclnucu ~ bm afu ecltcjmjbfu v}m nltanefj! afu j}m,

wfu rmbmu ucenfamu kacofamu `femj cìr u} wcx* Eclc af ecfanenõjtc r af bnwmrunbfb e}a}rfa v}m! bmubm Lcjrmfa! fkr}tf mj u}

umjc f muerncrmu! f}crmu,ecltcuncrmu! løunecu! k}ncjnufu!rmfanxfbcrmu! frnufu,njîrtrmmu! trcb}ecrmu njbmtmjbnmjmu!

bnurno}nbcrmu! mbncrmu v}m! unj mpemtenõj! rmnwnjbnefj ma bmrme`c bm acu Mufbcu f tcjmr mj træenef afu /tcaìnefu jmemufrnfu mj ftc~c bm af bnwmrunbfb ~ bm af wnfonanbfb bm afu mltrmufu

v}m afu trcb}emj ~ afu bng}jbmj/* Bmubm mjcjemu! jnjk}jf

e}lorm mj af v}m um bnue}m ma tcrwmjnr bma tafjmf v}mbf falfrkmj bm afu trmuncjmu bm afu crkfjnxfencjmu jc k}omrjf,

lmjfamu* Af oøuv}mbf bm fanfjxfu mu ecltamhf* Af trmunõj

muf feenõj! f u} wmx! uõac t}mbm rmu}afr mgnefx un um ecjur}~mj lfercecjh}jcu v}m tmrlnfj v}m acu kconmrjcu njbnwnb}f almjm jc mjkfj v}m mjgrmjfrum ucacu f af lfv}njfrnf

o}rcerænef bma crbmj mejc,kacofa* Fuì mu eclc! fa lfrkmj bmaf ñLE ~ tfrfamaflmjm f af ecjur}eenõj bm afu rmbmu bm rm

unumjenf v}m lnanfj f gfwcr bm af bnwmrunbfb e}a}rfa! acu lnjnurcu bm E}a } rf bm }jcu e nj e}mj f tfì um u ~f um `fj

fkr}tfbc! mj ?44?! mj }jf rmb njgcrlfa tfrf u}urfmr af e}a}rf f acu b nr nkmj mu bma anormeflonc* Tcrv}m mpnumj crcu njur}lmjcu njmrjfencjfamu! v}m jc tfufj coankfcrnflmjm tcr

af CLm! tfrf nltcjmr ma e}ltanlnmjc bm }jf j}mwf rmkaf*F nlfkmj ~ umlmhfjxf bm ac v}m `f ce}rrnbc } ce}rrm mj rmafenõj ecj acu rffbcu ucorm lnjfu fjntmrucjfamu c ucorm acuefloncu eanlænecu! gr}cu bm mum trcembnlnmjc! af nbmf ecjunum mj ecjumk}nr trckrmunwflmjm v}m efbfwmx fb`nmrfjlæu

Mufbcu f }j ecjwmjnc* /E}fjcu læu umfj acu v}m ac rfngnv}mj! lf~cr umræ u} njga}mjenf ~ u} tmuc tcaìnec* Umræ }j

tcbmrcuc frk}lmjc tfrf mpea}nr bmgnjnnwflmjm af e}a}rf

bm a ælonc bm njmrwmjenõj bm af ñLm*/

Mj gmormrc bm ?44?! ~ bmubm ma trnulf bm acu lcwnlnmjcu ucenfamu rm}jnbcu ecj lcnwc bma Umk}jbc Gcrc Ucenfa L}jbnfa!crkfjnxfbc mj af en}bfb orfunamöf bm Tcrc Famkrm! af gnacucgìfbm af /mpemtenõj e}a}rfa/ um rfjugcrlõ mj ernmrnc! aamkfbc malclmjc bm bmgnjnr /crc l}jbc tcunoam/* Ma trnjentnc `fufanbc bm u} rmb}ec! læu faaæ bm acu a ìlnmu bm afu njb}urnfue}a}rfamu ~ bm af /ucomrfjìf e}a}rfa/ mj acu v}m mufof ecjgnjfbc* Um `f njecrtcrfbc fa mpmjuc bmofm ucorm acu /onmjmutøoanecu ecl}jmu/! æloncu mj acu v}m um ecr rm ma r nmukc bmv}m afu aõknefu mejclmrefjnamu bmujf}rfanemj af jce nõj bmbnwmrunbfb* Mj af bmeafrfenõj gnjfa ucorm bnwmrunbfb e}a}rfa

t}mbm ammrum8 /Læu faaæ bm mufu trct}mufu rmafnwfu f af e}a}rf! v}mrmlcu crkfjnxfr }jf ecjgmrmjenf l}jbnfa tfrf bmgnjnr acu trnjent ncu ~ afu lcbfanbfbmu bm kmunõj bma ecjh}jc

bm acu onmjmu ecl}jmu bm af `}lfjnbfb! tfrf acu e}famu afjcenõj bm umrwnenc tøoanec bmom trmwfamemr ucorm acu lmefjnulcu bm a lmrefbc8 mb}efenõj! ufa}b! e}a}rf! lmbnc flonmjm!fk}f/*

/*TLFJBLr+QRRMaF_R

Muf gcrlf bm ecjunbmrfr ma bmufrrcaac g}}rc bm af `}lfjn,

bfb bmomrìf mjmrum mj e}mj f mj acu bmofmu v}m um muæj

fornmjbc ucorm af frv}nme}rf bm afu rmbmu bm af njgcrlfenõj

~ af ecl}jnefenõj! ~ af gcrlf v}m fbctfræ af g}}rf /ucenm

/;7mctcN6r6efbm f** e},***

unj b}bf! af bm af bnwmrunbfb bm acu trcfkcjnufu v}m `fj u}rknbc mj af mugmrf eìwnef l}jbnfa*



bfb bma ecjcenlnmjc/* Ma /bmrme`c f af ecl}jnefenõj/ bmomrìf gcrlfr tfrm bm muf njfanmjfonanbfb bm acu onmjmu tøoanecuecl}jmu* Bm jc `femrum fuì ! af j}mwf ucenmbfb trclmnbf bma

ecjcenlnmjc c bm af njgcrlfenõj ecrrm ma r nmukc bm umrwnr bmecfrfbf tfrf af rmtrcb}eenõj bm afu umkrmkfencjmu bma crbmjkacofa* Af øjnef ctenõj v}m amu v}mbf f acu v}m `fj unbc fofjbcjfbcu f u} u}mrm mu! mj øanlf njufjenf! af fbftfenõj jmc,bfr{njnfjf fa bmmrlnjnulc îejnec*

***

Mj 6>;4! ma gnaõucgc bm af wnbf ecnbnfjf @mjrn Amgmowrm t}oanefof Am Lfjngmum bnggîrmjnfanum* Coumrwfof v}m af ftfrnenõj

bm lcwnlnmjcu ucenfamu v}m um crbmjfj mj clc f mutmengnenbfbmu mecjõlnefu! tcaìnefu! e}a}rfamu! îjnefu! ump}famu! meîmrf! mrf af mptrmunõj jccrnf bm af ernunu! flmjfxfjm ~! f afwmx! rnef mj tcmjenfanbfbmu! bma lcbc bm rmk}afenõj ucenfa* Farmnwnjbnefr af bnufjenf bngmrmjenfa! mufu j}mwfu gcrlfu bm rmunumjenf um tafjmfofj jc ~f! unltamlmjm! ctcjnîjbcum! unjc!fjm cbc! fgnrlfjbc }jf nbmjnbfb* U} jcwmbfb mufof mj

v}m njmjfofj mjfoafrfanfjxfu mltcrfamu~ ga}e}fjmu! tfrf!bm mum lcbc! mufr h}jcu ~ gcrlfr }jf lfuf erìnef u}gnenmjm unj wmrum coankfbcu f bna}nr! fanmjfr! u} trctnf mutmengnenbfb*Af nrr}tenõj bm mufu mutmengnenbfbmu njbnefof! umkøj îa! }jfr}t}rf ecj ma ecjemtc f}cefurfjm bm ta}rfanulc* Mucufjæanunu `fj rmu}afbc trmlcjncrncu* Fuì um mptanef v}m! mj ma}lorfa bma unkac PPN! um unkfj muernonmjbc eclc trct}mufu

bmubm afu e}famu tcbmr tmjufr af rmbmgnjnenõj bm afu }ctìfu

mafocrfbfu tc r afu wca}jfbmu ecamenwfu* Amgmowrm tafjmfof

af e}munõj bm af frne}afenõj tcaìnef bm afu bngmrmjenfu! bmbcjbm mlmrkmrìf }jf g}mrxf erìnef eftfx bm njga}nr mj ma e}ruc bm af mwca}enõj ucenfa* Rrmu bîefbfu bmut}îu bm af t}oanefenõj bma Lfjngmum bnggîrmjnfanum! ma rmc bm af rmut}muf tfrmemcbfwìf læu er}enfa ! un um nmjm mj e}mjf v}m acu bnwmrucu

lcwnlnmjcu ucenfamukacofamu muæjecltrclmnbcu mj afecjur}eenõj bm }jf famrjfnwf fa lcbmac bm kacofanxfenõj }arfanomrfa * Tcrv}m un `f~ }jf g}mjm bm }jf j}mwf ta}rfanbfb! mu!

OnoanckrfgìfFlumaam! H* A*!Orfje`mlmju* Fj`rctcacknmbma+}jnwmrufanîbmu e}a}

rmu! Tfrìu!Gafllfrncj!?446*

Fttfb}rfn!F*! Lcbmrjn~f afrkm8 E}a}rfabnlmjuncju cgKacofanxfncj!Lnjjmftcanu! ]jnwmrun~ cgLnjjmucf Trmuu! 6>>7*

Ofrac{! H* T*! /R`mG}}rmcgEcwmrjlmj/!Utnj!jcwnmlormbm 6>>=*

Oîjf,Nfe`c! 6* ^Kr}xnjuin! U*(mbu*.!Lîefjnulmu bm lînuufkmu! Tfrìu! Trmuumu }jnwmrunfnrmu bm Lfrjm,af,Wfaaîm#LU@!?446*

Oc}rbnm}! T* ^[fev}fj! A*!/Af jc}wmaam w}akfmtafjîfnrm/! AmLcjbmbntaclfnH8¦}m! lfrxcbm ?444*

Oc~mr! _*! /Amu lcu m af rîfan î/! mj Lcjbnfanufncj f},bmaæ bmu

l~`mu!U*Ecrbmanmr (mb*.! Tfrìu!Af Bîec}wmrm! ?444

Orf}bma!M! /@nucnrmm uenmjemu ucenfamu8af acjk}m b}rîm/ !Fjjfamu(Mecjclnem! Ucenîîu! Enwnanufncju.! wca* 65! jøl* 2! 6>=0 Yrfb* efu*8/Af afrkf b}rfenõj/!mj AF `nucrnfâfu enmjenfu ucenfamu!Lfbrnb!Faìfj,xf!6>0?\*

Orf}bma!M! AmRmltu b} lcjbm! wca* #668 Enwnanufncj lfîrnmaam! îecjclnmm eftnfanulm! PWm,PW#Nm mnîeam! Tfrìu!FrlfjbEcanj! 6>;>Yrfb*efu*8 Enwnanxfenõj lfmrnfa! mecjclìf ~ eftnfanulc! unkacu PW,PWNNN!Lfbrnb!Fanfjxf! 6>02\*

Emrmf}! L* bm! Fru bmgfnrm* A+njwmjncj b} v}cnbnmj! Tfrìu! 64#60!6>04*

Ecfanenõj tfrf af bnwmrunbfb e}a}rfa! AFu tcaìnefu e}a}rfamu jcbmomjumr uclmnbfu f afu coankfencjmu bmacu fe}mrbcueclmrenfamu ìr}mlfeìejfnmm!Lcjrmfa! umnmlorm bm ?446*

Ec`mj! H*! /Af +afnjìufncjbmu Îfu,]jnu+8 eanwfkmu ucenf}p m gf}pumloafju e}a}rmau/!Fe}maLfrp!jøl* ?;!6>>>*

+=*FaQLFJBLFRRMaFrr r

gmrrc! L/ /Am g}}r f} lnrcnr b} tfuuî/! Am Lcjbm bntaclfnc}e!umnmlorm bm 6>>>*

Kfn}jk! H* m fa*! Umag,rmanfjem* F Urfmk~Hcr Bmwmactlmj! Acjbrmu!

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Ockam,N8C}wmr}rm!6>04*

Kanuufj! M/ Njrcb}encj æ }jm tcînv}m b} bnwfu! Tfrìu! Kfaanlfrb!6>>7*

K}njuomrk! M*! Af ufa}blmjfamjma jmcanmrfanmlc!Lîpnec! Tafxf ~Wfabîu!?446*

Afeaf}! M*!Afk}mrrmbmu nbmjnîu* Erfllfìrmnmì+îlfjentfnìcj! Tfrìu!AfBîec}wmrm#LF]UU!?444*

Amgmowrm!@! AmLfjngmum bnggîrmjnfanum!Tfrìu! Kfaanlfrb! 6>;4*

Lfmafr! F*! Afecl}jnefenõj,l}jbc* @nucrnf bmafu nbmfu ~ bm afumurfmknfu!Lfbrnb! G}jbmuec! 6>>5 YLîpnec! Unkac PPN! 6>>;\9 Afnjwmjenõj bmafecl}jnefenõj! Ofremacjf!Ocue`! 6>>= YLîpnec!Unkac

PPN! 6>>7\9@nucrnf bmaf }ctìf tafjmfrnf* Bmafen}bfbtrcgînef f afucenmbfb kacofa! Ofremacjf#O}mjcuFnrmu!Tfnbõu!?4449 Tmjufr ucorm acu

lmbncu! mj ecafocrfenõjecj Lne`mamLfmafr! Lfbrnb! G}jbmuec!6>0; YUfjnfkc bm E`nam!Mbnencjmu Acrj! ?444|9 @nucrnf bmafucenmbfb bmafnjgfrlfenõaa! Ofremacjf#O}mjcuFnrmu#Lîpnec! Tfnbõu! ?44?*

Lfmafr! F*^Jmwm}! M*!/BcuunmrE}a}rfaU}bnmu/* _îumf}p! jøl*04!6>>7*

Lmramf},Tcjr~! L*! Amu fwmj}rmubmafbnfamenv}m! Tfrìu! Kfaanlfrb!6>== Yrfb* efur*8 Afu fwmj}rfu bmafbnfaîenef!O}mjcuFnrmu!Taî~fbm!6>;26»

_mk}naac! _! /Læu faaæbm acu lmbncu*Bnmx föcu bmut}îu/!Ecl}jnefenõj*~ ucenmbfb!jøl* 54!Lîpnec!]jnwmrunbfbbm E}fbfafhfrf! 6>>;*

Ufrac!O*!/Mjrmwnuf f OmfrnxUfrac/! Ef}ufu ~Fxfrmu! jøl* 7!O}mjcuFnrmu! 6>>;*

Ue`l}eamr9 @! Lmlcrnf bmaf ecl}jnefenõj! O}mjcu Fnrmu! Onoacu!6>>;*

]JMUEC! _fttcr lcjbnfa u}rafe}a}rm?444! Tfrìu!?444*

_mufoamemr ma umjnbcbm afu tfaforfu

/Jclorfr lfa afu ecufu mu f}lmjfr ma njgcr}jnc bma l}j,

bc/! bmeìf ma jcwmanuf Faomr Efl}u* Mu læu v} m trcofoam

v}m cbfwìf b}rfjm l}e`c nmltc unkflcu ecjbmjfbcu fecl}jneflcu }ufjbc ~ fo}ufjbc bm af mrlnjcackìf kacofanuf* Tmrc! eclc bnem ma u}oeclfjbfjm Lfrecu! af /e}frfk}mrrf l}jbnfa/ jc `fem læu v}m mltmxfr ~! föfbm! muf k}mrrf flonîj mu }jf /k}mrrf umlnõnef/! }jf k}mrrf ecjrf cbfu afu amjk}fu o}rcerænefu* Eclofnr ma mltcormenlnmjc

bm afu tfaforfu v}m bmunkjfj ma g}}rc bma tafjmf mv}nwfam fa}e`fr ecjrf af gfaf bm lmlcrnf*

Trcmngcrlm! af jcenõj bm kacofanxfenõj unrwm bm tfjfemf* Maunltam `me`c bm v}m mum wcefoac! jfbf læu jfemr! `f~f tfuf,bc fj rætnbflmjm f gcrlfr tfrm bma amjk}fhm `fon}fa mj

fjcu nbnclfu! bml}murf u} fbftfonanbfb* F}jv}m af jc,

enõj fltfrf! njb}bfoamlmjm! mjfnwfu erìnefu v}m af rmecrrmj bmubm ma njmrncr ~ `femj v} m um cawnbmj afu ecjjcfencjmubm u} crnkmj kmrmjenfa! flonîj mu af t}mrf tcr af v}m um trm,entnfj j}lmrcucu bnue}rucu efrfemrnxfbcu tcr af eftn}af,

enõj grmjm f acu aõknefu mur}e}rfjmu bma crbmj kacofa* Umecltrmjbm v}m Tnmrrm Oc}rbnm}! mj Ecjrm,gm}p!u} øanlf corf(?446.! ernnv}m afu trcg}jbfu flonkñmbfbmu bm af w}akff kìc

ofanxfjm* Um ecltrmjbm v}m Fafnj Rc}rfnjm! mj }j ecacv}ncucorm /Eacofanxfenõj ~ bmlcerfenf/! crkfjnxfbc mj 6>>; mjUfc Tf}ac! Orfuna! tcr af Fucenfenõj Afnjcflmrnefjf bm Ucencackìf (FAFU.! bnhmrf! f lcbc bm trcwcefenõj8 /Af kacofanxfenõj mu ma nltmrnfanulc ecj crc jclorm! t}rkfbc bm afmjunõj nbmcaõknef v}m mptrmufof mum ecjemtc/* Føj um ecltrmjbm lmhcr af rmfeenõj bm mum ucenõackc! jfbf trctmjuc!

unj mlofrkc! fa }uc bma îrlnjc nltmrnfanulc mj }jf îtcef mj

v}m mufof mj ockf! un um nmjm mj e}mjf v}m bmubm af umk}jbflnfb bm acu föcu ce`mjf `fj trcangmrfbc acu njmjcu v}m

+426F_LFJCLF*RRMAF_R

rmnmrfj! eclc }jf fjìgcjf anomrfbcrf8 /¦Ma nltmrnfanulc `fl}mrc& ¦Wnwf af kacofanxfenõj&/ F lcbc bm rmut}muf f muf

j}mwf gcrlf bm ecjumjuc oafjbc! jfbf lmhcr v}m af ecrrcunwfnrcjìf bm Efracu Lcjunwfnu! enfbc mj }j eftì}ac fjmrncr8

!*!

7mctcLi8fbm NBe8}aa}ja

lnm u}tmrfr af ef}ufanbfb }jnanjmfa! njmkrfr af ga}nbmx ~ afnjemrnb}lorm! u}un}~mjbc ma tfrfbnklf bnu~}jenõj#rmb}e

enõj tc r ma tfrfbnklf bnu~}jenõj#ecjh}jenõj* @femram af k}mrrf f acu/bnue}rucu,mlo}bcu/ v}m mutme}afj trcg}uflmjm



/Af kacofanxfenõj unkjngnef v}m j}jef læu `foræ v}m bmenr +aacunmjc&/* Fa u}lfrum f }jf jcenõj ferìnef bm kacofanxfenõj!l}e`cu bnue}rucu tfufj tc r fac af e}munõj g}jbflmjfa bm

af rmgcrl}afenõj bm afu gcrlfu bm ecjrca bm acu fgmecu ~ bm

acu nlt}aucu bm afu krfjbmu l}an}bmu v} m rmv}nmrm af mptfjunõj bma eftnfanulc l}jbnfa njmkrfbc*

F gfaf bm v}mrmr eflonfr ma l}jbc jcu ecjmjflcu ecj bmuernonrac* Af njmkrfenõj flonîj muæ bm fe}fanbmb fv}ì* Maj}mwc lcbmac mecjõlnec ~ ucenfa mpnkm af eftfenõj bm wnwmrcu bm lfmrnf krnu v}m `fuf f`crf `fj tmrlfjmenbc fa lfrk mj bm af wfacrfenõj eftnfanuf* Mu ac v}m Fjcjnc Krfluenaaflfof trcemuc bm gcrlfenõj bm njmame}famu crkæjnecu! mufefmkcrìf v}m tfrmem umr bma læpnlc njmrîu tfrf Tmmr Br}eimr! Ecjrf ma fo}rrnlnmjc ~ af lcjccjìf8 ¦Lfjfkmru m njmame}famu! }j lnulc eclofm& î*Eõlc njmrtrmfr un jc! ma

wnkcrcuc famkfc afjxfbc mj 6>>4 tc r mum mõrnec bm af bnrmeenõj f gfwcr bm }jf fltanf fanfjxf mj crjc f af mbngnefenõj bmaf /ucenmbfb tcueftnfanuf/ c /ucenmbfb bma ecjcenlnmjc/*

/Ma njmame}fa! unj ma ecltamlmjc bma lfjfkmr! ermf }j l}j

bc mj ma v}m efbf }jc `fem ac v}m v}nmrm tmrc bcjbm jfbnm

`fem jfbf* Ma l}jbc bma lfjfkmr! un jc ac ecltamf ma njmame}fa ! um ecjwnmrm mj }jf o}rcerfenf! mj }jf r}njf mlor}m

embcrf bcjbm rmnjf ma +`clorm bm af crkfjnxfenõj+*/*

Njur}lmjfa! af jcenõj bm e}a}rf mj af mrf k acofa um rmg nm rm f}jf bmgnjnenõj nk}falmjm }nanfrnuf bm a njmame}fa! fa nmltc v}m mwnbmjenf u} ecjjnwmjenf ecj acu õtnecu bm }j mjnnjmame}fanulc efrfemrìunec bma tct}anulc lmrefjna*

Mjrm acu îrlnjcu v}m f ln h}nenc bmomrìfj gnk}rfr eclc cohmnwcu bma eclofm tcr af rmecjv}nuf bma umjnbc! njea}nrî rmujcencjmu lfarffbfu tcr acu lmfbnue}rucu ucorm af kacofanxfenõj8 af ecltamhnbfb! ma Rcbc! af rmunumjenf* Rrmu jcencjmu

njbnutmjufoamu tfrf mltmxfr j}mwflmjm f /`foafr bm lmkf

tcaìnef/*

Ø6 ecltamhnbfb* Jc `f~ v}m umrwnrum bm maaf eclc ecfrfbf* @f~v}m bmwcawmram f af nbmf cbf u} g}mrxf `m}rìu nef8 af v}m tmr,

ucorm af ermenmjm ecltamhnbfb bm j}murfu ucenmbfbmu tmrc

v}m mj af træenef fa}lorfj }jf me}fenõj bm trnlmr krfbc*

Af munu mejckacofanuf mu }j mhmltac bm af tmrwmrunõj bma ecjemtc* Tmum f rmtmnr lfe`fecjflmjm v} m /afu ucenmbfbmu

`}lfjfu ucj efbf wmx læu ecltamhfu/! ma bnue}ruc bm u}uctmrfbcrmu unk}m unmjbc eafungnefbcr ~ }jnbnlmjuncjfa* 6flctrnlnurne! eaflf ma bnrmecr bmaLmbnf Afo! fgnencjfbc f af ecl

tamhnbfb! Jne`cafu Jmkrctcjm! m*j*}j e f t ì } z c n}afbc /Afmrf bma ctnlnulc/ bm u} L}jbcbnknfa (6>>=.! anorc bm e f o m z z ¬rf bm v}nmjmu clfj afu bmenuncjmu mj Unanecj Wfaam~* Ma tcuìnwnulc ctnlnuf bm acu trcgmfu bma enomrmutfenc rmgamhf }j

tmjuflnmjc lfjnv}mc* Ma trcemuc ecjrfbnecrnc bm ecju

r}eenõj bm acu }ucu ucenfamu bm afu mejcackìfu bnknfamu bmuftfrmem tfrf bmhfr un nc f }j mwca}encjnulc r}bnlmjfrnc* Mabmukfrrfbcr aaflflnmjc fa tcunnwnulc ctnlnuf afjxfbc~cr

acu trcgmfu bm ac bnknfa u}tcjm v}m e}fav}nmr fen}b ejnef

jc t}mbm umr læu v}m /tmunlnuf/ (~ tc r mjbm! /mejõgcof/ c/kacofaõgcof/.*

Ma Rcbc* Jc `f~ v}m ecjgnfr uõac mj acu tfrælmrcu bm af c f

a nbfb lmrefj na tfrf njmrtrmfr af `nucrnf bma l}jbc* @ z v}m njmjfr v}m um fkr}tmj! v}m um mufoamxefj rmbmu z unkjngnefbcu ucenfamu* @f~ v}m njmjfr wcawmr bmubm ac tfrne}afr!ac acefa! ac grfklmjfrnc! fa /Rcbc/* Ma trcoamlf! mwnbmjmlmj

m! jc ecjunum mj rmtrcb}enr acu muv}mlfu bm afu cfanbfbmufourfefu bmgnjnbfu tcr acu lfercu}hmcu T c b m r # M u f b c # U c e z m ¬bfb! v}m `fj lfrefbc afu mptanefencjmu mjkacofjmu! trmWnfuf af r}t}rf g}jbflmjfa ecj afu ecjemtencjmu l c j c a ì n z f ubma tcbmr v}m um `fj trcb}enbc f tfrnr bm gnjfamu bm a c fj3u

ummjf* Muf frmf jc t}mbm umtfrfrum bma rmclc f af ` a u c z fbm af afrkf b}rfenõj* Mum rmclc nltanef clfr b n z f z z a f urmutmec f af gmornanbfb bm afu nbmcackìfu bm af ecl}r}efencj*

Af rmunumjenf* Frrfjefr af jcenõj bm rmunu mjenf bma }jnwmrucbm af njecjunumjenf mõrnef ~ bma lmfocanulc jmcbfr{njnfjc

bm af fbftfenõj jmemufrnf! umöfamu bm af bnlnunõj bma n z m a m e ¬c8 jcu tfrmem v}m îu f mu }jf bm afu frmfu trncrnfrnfu bma

!*!FgQLFJBLF**RRMAJ+nR

rfofhc njmame}fa erìnec* Bnuntfr af flonkñmbfb mjkmjbrfbftcr mufu g}mrmu mjbmjenfu v}m nlt}aufj j } r r 8 z r c u f u n j w m z n ¬kfencjmu! f wmemu unj ufomrac! ucorm ma t f t m a 6 m k 6 l f z c r bm }junumlf kacofa bm /bclnjfenõj/ (tcrv}m `f~ v}m bmhfr bm umr

rmfnmctcaaHetbm af e8}a}a+aa

njwmunkfencjmu v} m `fj mltmxfbc f rmnjwmrnr u}u njmrrckfjmu ucorm f}bnmjenfu ~ kîjmrcu mamwnu}famu mj af t}muf ft}jc bm lmcbcackìfu tmbfkõknefu fenwfu*



t}unaæjnlm grmjm fa îrlnjc.* @fem gfaf enmrc wfacr tfrf nj,mrrckfrum ucorm af mjbmjenf f }onefr af /rmunumjenf/ mpea}un,wflmjm mj ma njmrgfem njbnwnb}c#trckrflf#læv}njf v}mtcjmj bm lfjngnmuc j}lmrcucu mu}bncu mjckrægnecu ucorm

f}bnmjenfu* F}jv}m jc efom læu v}m gmanenfrum tcr af nltcrfjm r}t}rf v}m `f u}t}muc! f tfrnr bm gnjfamu bm acu föcuummjf! ma tfrfbnklf bm af rmemtenõj ~ bm acu }ucu mj rmafenõjecj ma g}jencjfa nulc bm af gffa rmtrcb}eenõj bm afu rmafenc,jmu bm u}lnunõj f }j crbmj ucenfa ~ trcb}enwc! flonîj `f~v}m frmwmrum f ftafufr u}u bmuwnfencjmu `fenf ma mltnrnulc*Bm ac ecjrfr nc ! um ecrrm ma r nmukc bm v}m trckrmum ma ftafuf,lnmjc bm afu trcoamlænefu bm af ecl}jnefenõj* _mununr mumjmr mj e}mjf ma `me`c bm v}m! f b ng mrmjen f bm ac v}m trmmjbm `femrjcu ermmr af bcernjf lmrefjna ucorm af anomrfbbma njbnwnb}c,æclc! krfj tfrm bm af njmrncrnbfb bm af tmr,ucjf ammu fhmjf! tamjf eclc muæ bm rmafencjmu ucenfamu m `nuõ,

rnefu* Mj 6>07! mj af corf Tmjufr ucorm acu lmbncu! muernf mjecafocrfenõj ecj Lne`mam Lfmafr! ~f umöfaæoflcu afu tcun,oamu ef}ufu bm af flonwfamjenf bma j}mwc /tfrfbnklf bm aftcuanjmfanbfb/ ~ bma rmcrjc fa u}hmc crbnjfrnc! mutmenfalmj,m f rfwî u bm acu }ucu v} m `feìf bm acu lmbncu8 /Ecufu! cbfumaafu! v}m uõac t}mbmj ecltrmjbmrum ~ wnwnrum f af a}x bm afrmecjenanfenõj mjrm ma `clorm trfklænec bma v}m `foafofIfj ~ af gmanenbfb bma `clorm ecjermc! tmrc flonîj ma trnjentnc bm jmkcenfencjmu njgnjnfu! mu bmenr! unj gnj ~ unj gnjfan,bfb! ~f v}m `fj jfenbc faaì bcjbm fefofj afu }ctìfu/*

F`crf onmj! jc `f~ bmlcerfenf tcunoam unj mutmrfjxf* Af an ,

omrfb bmaecju}lnbcrc bma }u}frnc jc mu fakc v}m wnmjm bfbc!eclc trmmjbm ma jf}rfanulc jmcbfr{njnfjc9 um ecjur}~m*Lmhcr føj! um ecjv} nu f * Mu ac v}m jcu rme}mrbf! ctcr}jflmjm! T`nanttm Ormcj8 /Af ecjur}eenõj bm jcrlfu v}m kf,rfjnxfrìfj af anomrfb bm rmemtenõj (bm afu ecl}jnefencjmulmbnfnxfbfu. bmtmjbm t}mu! g}jbflmjfalmjm! bm }jf rm,gampnõj wnwf! v}m uõac t}mbm trcb}enrum mj ma umjc bm af e}a },rf! mu bmenr! bm acu unumlfu bm mb}efenõj! bm mjumöfjxf ~ bmnjwmunkfenõj/* Îum mu ma bmufgìc v}m femtfj! ucorm cbc! afu

Af tfaforf _mununr mjenmrrf l}~ tcefu ecufu un jc um ecjn*}kfecj afu tfaforfu _mgampncjfr ~ _mfanxfr* J}jef `f~ v}m cawnbfraf umr nm bm afu 5_* _mgampncjfr mu njmjfr tmjuf r mj }jf /e}a,}rf bm af rmutcjufona nbfb/! af øjnef v} m t}mbm f~}bfr f rm,tcoafr af ucenmbfb ecj u}u løantamu fecrmu! bmjrc bm u}uecjrfbneencjmu* ]jf e}a}rf v}m eclonjf flocu mprmlcubm af efbmjf* Tcr }j afbc! clf bm ecjenmjenf bm af bnlmjunõjl}jbnfa bm acu trcoamlfu tafjmfbcu tcr }j bnutcunnwc ec,l}jnefencjfa mj ma v}m u}o~fem ma trc~mec bm }j j}mw3 cr,bmj tfrf matafjmf* Tmjufrmj îrlnjcu bm rmbmu bm ucanbfjbfb~ bm fucenfenõj rfjugrcjmrnxfu8 Tcr crc! umk}nr f z b æ j b c u mmj }j mrrncrnc ecjermflmjm Un}fbc* Jc `f~ v}m H}kfr ecjaf jcenõj bm ucenmbfb enwna jfencjfa c njmrjfencjfa ecjwnr,nîjbcaf mj ma a}kfr nbmfa bm anomrfenõj bm cbfu afu mutcjfjmnbfbmu ~ bm af ecl}jnefenõj tmrgmef! mj ecjrfum ec8! z Amwnfæj muffa! unjc v}m `f~ v}m ecjunbmrfraf mj u} e c j g a n e z ¬wf rmafenõj ecj ma Mufbc* _mfanxfr mu njmjfr ufawfr afu bnu,fjenfu mjrm acu trcb}ecrmu bm ecjcenlnmjc ~ acu fecrmubma l}jbc ucenfa* Grmjm f acu bnue}rucu bm af njwmunkfenõjg}jencjfa lmrefjna ~ acu efjcu bm unrmjf bm acu k}rø*u bmalfjfkmlmj! ecjwnmjm tafjmfr }j j}mwc ntc bm r m a f z c j m uecj acu fecrmu v}m njga}~mj mj af ucenmbfb* Tfrf rmununr! rm,gampncjfr ~ rmfanxfr! `f~ v}m femtfr ma r mc bm af r}t}rf! grmj,m fa ecjgcrlnulc f}cu}gnenmjm ~ f}cecltafenmjm*

OnoanckrfgìfOc}rbnm}! T*! Ecjrm,gm}p! Tfrìu* _fnucju b+æknr! ?446*

Ormcj! T`*! Af tfrcam lfjnt}aîm! Tfrìu! Af Bîec}wmrm! 6>>;*

Br}eimr! T*! Tcu,eftnfanu Ucenm~! J}mwf ^cri! @frtmr O}un,jmuu! 6>>4 Yrfb* efu*8 Af ucenmbfb tcueftnfanuf! Ofremacjf!Ftõurcgm! 6>>5\*

aC +Fg+*F*QFJBLH+:!RRMAF_R

Lfmafr! F* ' L/ Tmjufr ucorm acu lmbncu! mj ecafocrfenõjecj Lne`mam Lfmafr! Lfbrnb! T}jbmuec! 6>0; YUfjnfkc bm

E`nam! Mbnencjmu Acl! ?444\*

FJMpc



Lcrnj! _* Njrcb}encj fac tmjuîm ecltampm! Tfrìu! MUM 6>>4*

+No}rfnjm! F*! /] j bnfkjcunec bc Orfuna/! Hcrjfa bc Orfuna! 64

bm umnmlorm bm 6>>;*

_muca}encjmu bm a Umk}jbc Gcrc

Ucenfa L }j bn fa b m Tcrc Famkrm

H! ?!5^2 bm gmormrc bm?(.(.?

6* Bnwmrunbfb anjkñìunef njmrjfencjfa

Afu amjk}fu! o nm j e c løj bm af `}lfjnbfb! lmrmemj tcr mufr fx õ j u m r trcmknbfu! mj trnlmr a}kfr! tcr acu Mufbcu! ecjrfcbc 64v} m nmjbm f bmur}nrafu* Muc mu wæanbc tfrf cbfu afuamjk}fu! e}fav}nmrf v} m umf ma j øl m rc b m u}u `foafjmu* Af

l}jbnfanxfenõj anomrfa! wmecr b m } jf amjk}f øjnef! fbmlæubm flmjfxfr af oncbnwmrunbfb! tcjm mj tmankrc af oncbnwmrun

bf b anjkñìunef*

Tcr fjc! uc j amkìnlfu! mj tfrne}afr! afu bnutcunencjmu ecjun}encjfamu ~ amknuafnwfu v } m k f rf j nx fj af trcmeenõj ~ aftrclcenõj bm afu amjk}fu bm }j bmmrlnjfbc Mufbc*

Um njwnf f acu Mufbcu v} m cbfwìf jc `f j fbctfbc famu bnutcunencjmu f v} m ac `fkfj! bm fe}mrbc ecj acu unk}nmjmu trnjentncu8

Trc`nonenõj bm trc`nonr! bm `me`c c tcr bmrme`c! af }nanxfenõj bm mufu amjk}fu cgnenfalmjm trcmknbfu mj e}fav}nmrumecr bm af fenwnbfb jfencjfa*Kfrfjìf! tfrf efbf en}bfbfjc! bma bmrme`c f mptrmufrum!rfofhfr! ermfr! njwmjfr ~ rmenonr acu umrwnencu tøoanecu mj afamjk}f cgnenfa v} m îa mankm*

Af amjk}f! mj mgmec! jc uõac mu }j wm`ìe}ac bm ecl}jnefenõj!unjc flonîj }j lmbnc bm mptrmufr u} ermfnwnbfb! njea}uc mj

ma tafjc enmjìgnec ~ îejnec! ~ flonîj mu af kfrfjìf bma mhmr,

!**FJFFJBLFRRMAF_R

enenc bm acu bmrme`cu tmrucjfamu ~ ecamenwcu* Un onmj af nkjc

rfjenf bm af am~ jc mpe}uf bm u} e}ltanlnmjc! jfbnm t}mbm

umr coankfbc f ecjcemraf mj }jf amjk}f mprfjhmrf* Acu bce}lmjcu cgnenfamu! jcrlfu! ecjrfcu! tanmkcu bm ecjbnencjmu!

!*!

ñmKtcanaef bm+/{arfja

Rcbcu acu tfìumu bmomj mjmr feemuc f maac lmbnfjm }jf tcaìnef wca}jfrnuf bm acu Mufbcu! mumjenfalmjm f rfwîu bm aculmbncu ~ af mjumöfjxf*



meîmrf! bmomj umr rmbfefbcu mj af c afu amjk}fu bm efbf tfìu!

øjnef(u. wmrunõj(mu. gm`fenmjm(u.*

Mj ecjermc! afu tfmjmu bm njwmjenõj! ermfbcrfu bm bmrm

e`cu bm lcjctcanc grmjm f cbcu! bmomj umr ìjmkrflmjm

bnutcjnoamu mj af c afu amjk}fu jfencjfamu* Af nltcunenõj gcr

xcuf bm }j mpc mj amjk}f mprfjhmrf mjrföfrìf ma r nmukc bm

njrcb}enr! h}jc ecj îrlnjcu bm nltcunoamnjmkrfenõj! jc

encjmu v}m `femj rmgmrmjenf f }j unumlf h}rìbnec ,,mutmenfalmjm h}rnutr}bmjenfa, v}m nltanef ecucucu rme}rucu fjm acu

rno}jfamu* Mj fa un}fenõj! af nk}fabfb bm acu en}bfbfjcu fjm

af am~ ~f jc mufrìf kfrfjnxfbf*

Af rfb}eenõj f af(u. amjk}f(u. jfencjfa(mu.! v} m f cbcu kf

rfjnxf ma bmrme`c f af njgcrlfenõj! rmtrmumjf! mj rmfanbfb!

}j ecjunbmrfoam f`crrc mj rmafenõj ecj af trcangmrfenõj ~ afctfenbfb bm }j umecr annkncuc v}m uõac unrwm f acu njmrmumu bm

afu krfjbmu l}anjfencjfamu ~! tcr ac kmjmrfa ! bm acu læu tc

bmrcucu*

Af kfrfjìf! fuì fumk}rfbf! bm acu bmrme`cu anjkñìunecu bm acu

en}bfbfjcu! um njmkrf jf}rfalmjm mj af jcenõj bm umrwnenctøoanec! mj u} umjnbc læu ecjermc*

Mj ma tafjc njmrjfencjfa! ma l}ananjkñnulc tmrlnm af ecj

umrwfenõj bm af bnwmrunbfb bm e}a}rfu ~ af tcunonanbfb bma jm

emufrnc bnæackc v}m bmomj lfjmjmr* Unj mlofrkc! af mjbmjenf

fe}fa f }j lcjcanjkñnulc njmrjfencjfa! njb}enbf tc r ma}jnafmrfanulc bm af tcmjenf bclnjfjm! jnwmaf ~ aflnjf muf

bnwmrunbfb* Gfecr bm anomrfb ~ bm tfx! ma l}ananjkñnulc njmrjfencjfa! fa ecjrfrnc! tmrlnm ma bmue}ornlnmjc ~ ma rmu

tmc bma crc! ~ af bmlcerfenf njmrjfencjfa* _mtcuf mj trnlmr

a}kfr ucorm }j wmrbfbmrc ta}rnanjkñnulc bm afu tmrucjfu! v}m

ecjwnmjm mrnknr mj wfacr g}jbflmjfa bm af `}lfjnbfb* Acutfìumu bma U}r! mj acu v}m um coumrwf muf træenef! bml}murfj

u} gme}jbnbfb ~ u} tcunonanbfb*

Af mue}maf ume}jbfrnf bmom cgrmemr mj cbfu tfrmu f u}ufa}l

jcu fa lmjcu bcu amjk}fu mprfjhmrfu! nk}falmjm coankfcrnfu~ ecj af lnulf efrkf `crfrnf*Fbmlæu! acu unumlfu mb}efnwcu bmomj cgrmemr af tcunonanbfb

bm fbv}nrnr }j ecjcenlnmjc tfunwc bm crcu nbnclfu bm }jflnulf gflnanf anjkñìunef*

Ma rme`fxc bm af }jngcrlnbfb! mj trcwme`c bm af bnwmrunbfb!nltanef }jf g}mrm wca}jfb tcaìnef f cbcu acu jnwmamu! v}m

ecjb}xef f af mafocrfenõj ~ f af }n anxfenõj bm njur}lmjcu

mutmeìgnecu* Mj tfrne}afr! rmu}af njbnutmjufoam rme`fxfr mabmunk}fa mjgrmjflnmjc mjrm af e}a}rf bclnjfjm ~ efbf

}jf bm afu rmufjmu! v}m af l}jbnfanxfenõj anomrfa trmmjbm

njun}nr* Acu mutfencu kmce}a}rfamu mpnumjmu! mj tfrne}afr

acu anjkñìunecu! bmomj umr }na nxfbcu bm af lmhcr lfjmrf tcunoam tfrf rcltmr ma fnuaflnmjc ~ ecjur}nr acu bnæackcu mj af

ucanbfrnbfb* Bmom ermfrum }j unumlf bm trmgmrmjenfu tfrf aftrcb}eenõj ~ enre}afenõj mj u } umjc bm onmjmu ~ umrwnencu e}a}rfamu* Muc nltanef ma rmtafjmflnmjc bm afu aaflfbfu eaæ}u}afu bm /rfflnmjc jfencjfa/ ~ bm /jfenõj læu gfwcrmenbf/bm af Crkfjnxfenõj L}jbnfa bm Eclmrenc (CLE.* Acu kconmr

jcu bm acu Mufbcu v}m tmrmjmemj c bnemj tmrmjmemr f mucumutfencu! bmomj ecjemrfrum ~ ecjh}kfr u}u g}mrxfu mj ma umjc

bm acu crkfjnulcu njmrjfencjfamu tfrf a}e`fr ecjrf af mufjbfrnxfenõj ~ af }jngcrlnbfb m nltcjmr af bnwmrunbfb*

Fa lnulc nmltc! mu nltmrfnwc v}m! bmjrc bm afu njun}encjmu njmrjfencjfamu! acu kconmrjou mpnhfj bm u}u rmtrmumjfj

mu v}m um mptrmumj mj u} amjk}f! e}fjbc muf øanlf umf }jf

bm afu amjk}fu cgnenfamu c bm rfofhc* Mum trcembnlnmjc mu

nk}falmjm wæanbc tfrf cbcu acu bce}lmjcu cgnenfamu ~ bmrfofhc! v}m bmomj umr rfb}enbcu f efbf }jf bm afu amjk}fu mj

e}munõj! ~ mj acu lnulcu tafxcu* Mj mum umjnbc! af ]jnõj

M}rctmf cgrmem }j lfa mhmltac fa rmuc bma l}jbc ~ tmbnlcu

f acu Mufbcu lnmlorcu v}m umfj mutmenfalmjm mpnkmjmu e3j

af Eclnunõj tfrf v}m rmutmm murneflmjm ma rmkaflmjc anjkñìunec*

aC *

Fa+LFJBLFRRMAFgQR

66* Bnwmrunbfb e}a}rfa njmrjfencjfa

Fa nk}fa v}m af bnwmrunbfb anjkñìunef! v}m ecjun}~m }jc bmu}u ecltcjmjmu! af bnwmrunbfb e}a}rfa! fanlmjfbf tcr c,

aCC

ñmcTCNarae8f bm afe}ar}ja

Mjrmfjc! mu njbnutmjufoam v}m um bmhm bm ecjgnjfr af e}a}rfbmjrc bm }j muf}c bm mpemtenõj mj ma njmrncr bm fe}mrbcu

eclmrenfamu* Bma lnulc lcbc v}m acu fe}mrbcu l}anafmrfamuucorm lmbnc flonmjm! mj tfrne}afr ucorm oncbnwmrunbfb ~

eclc



bfu afu e}a}rfu wnwfu bma l}jbc! mu }j onmj ecløj bm af `}

lfjnbfb*

Afu tmrucjfu! acukr}tcu

bm`clormu

~ l}hmrmu ! afuecl}jn

bfbmu `}lfjfu bm e}fav}nmr flföc jmemunfj gfornefr u}

nlfkmj! wmr e}mrtcu! lnrfbfu! kmucu v}m um amu tfrmemj! mj

afu `nucrnfu v}m um bmufrrcaafj mj a}kfrmu v}m rmecjcemj* @c~mj bìf! af nlfkmj v}m trc~meflcu bm jcucrcu lnulcu jcu

ecjun}~m bma lnulc lcbc v}m af amjk}f v}m `foaflcu* Umrff bm j}murf bmgnjnenõj tmrucjfa* bm j}murf nbmjnbfb! bm

af rmafenõj v}m lfjmjmlcu ecj j}murf `nucrnf njbnwnb}fa 3h

ecamenwf* Mj tcefu tfaforfu! um rff bm j}murc mutmhc* Ma rmc

mu føj læu nltcrfjm cbf wmx v}m af nlfkmj! mj cbcu acuuctcrmu! trmumjmu ~ g}}rcu ! mu fj bmmrlnjfjm mj j}murf

gcrlfenõj eclc af mue}maf ~ af gflnanf* Muc flonîj mu wæanbc

tfrf ma anorc! ac f}bncwnu}fa! af løunef! ma mutmeæe}ac mj wnwc~ ma ecjh}jc bm onmjmu e}a}rfamu*

Tcr trnjentnc! ecjunbmrflcu v}m acu onmjmu ~ umrwnencu e}a},rfamu jc t}mbmj umr rmb}enbcu fa muf}c bm unltamu lmrefj

eìfu! njea}uc un f lmj}bc ucj cohmc bm rfjufeencjmu

eclmrenfamu* Mu tc r ac v}m! nk}fa v}m ce}rrm ecj af mb}efenõj

c af ufa}b! jc t}mbmj umr cohmc bm jmkcenfencjmu mj ma lfrecbmaFe}mrbc Kmjmrfa ucorm ma Eclmrencbm acu Umrwnencu (FKEU.

bm af fLm* Bmjrc bm }jf njnenfnwf ucanbfrnf! mpnknlcu! fbmlæu! v}m ma fk}f! onmj ecløj bm af `}lfjnbfb! ~ af fkrne}a,

}rf! bcjbm bmom trmwfamemr ma trnjentnc bm ucomrfjìf

fanlmjfrnf! umfj mpea}nbcu bm afu bnuentanjfu bm af fLm*

Bm njlmbnfc! trmuflcu j}murc ftc~c f acu rmtrmumjfjmu

tcaìnecu ~ trcgmuncjfamu v}m! mj afu njufjenfu njmrjfencjfamu! rme`fxfj v}m ma rfflnmjc mutmeìgnec bm af e}a}rf! fa

eclc `f u nbc bmgnjnbc tcr ma Fe}mrbc bma KFRR bm 6>>=! umft}muc j}mwflmjm mj mjrmbne`c* Muc rmu}af fj jmemufrncv}m fak}jcu tfìumu ~f `fj bnrnknbc cgmrfu bm anomrfanxfenõj fafCLE

efloncu eanlænecu ,fuì acu ecjwmjncu bm af Crkfjnxf

enõj Njmrjfencjfa bma Rrfofhc (CNR., bmomj bnutcjmr bm u}

trctnf f}crnbfb ~ mufoamemr u}u trctnfu jcrlfu! af bnwmrun,bfb e}a}rfa flonîj bmom fgnrlfrum bm lfjmrf b}rfbmrf* Bm

f`ì af jmemunbfb bm }j njur}lmjc njmrjfencjfa! ermfbc tcrecjwmjnc! v}m tmrlnf mpea}nr af e}a}rf bm acu trnjentncu bmanomrfanxfenõj ~ lmrefjnanxfenõj*

Mum njur}lmjc njmrjfencjfa8 mjbræ eclc cohmnwc kfrfjnxfr af trmumrwfenõj ~ af trc

lcenõj bm af bnwmrunbfb e}a}rfa bma tafjmf9trctnenfræv}m fv}maafu bm u}u bnutcunencjmu jcrlfnwfu v}m

jc gcrlmj tfrm bm afu rmkaflmjfencjmu jfencjfamu mpnu,mjmu um njecrtcrmj f}clæneflmjm f îufu* Acu rno}jfamu bm efbf tfìu unkjffrnc bma Ecjwmjnc umræj ecltmmjmu

tfrf ftanefrafu9

_mecjcemræ f acu Mufbcu ~ f acu kconmrjcu ma bmrme`c ffbctfr lmbnbfu ecltamlmjfrnfu bm ftc~c f af ermfenõj~ bm trcmeenõj9Kmuncjfræ }j lmefjnulc bm ftc~c mecjõlnec f af bnwmr,unbfb e}a}rfa v}m tcbrìf ecjununr mj }jf tmremtenõj bn,jmrfrnf ucorm afu wmjfu bm trcb}ecu bm afu njb}urnfu

e}a}rfamu* Ma gcjbc fuì fanlmjfbc! eckmuncjfbc tcr rm,trmumjfjmu bm acu Mufbcu ~ bm acu trcgmuncjfamu bma frm ~af e}a}rf! tcbrìf ecjrno}nr f af ermfenõj ~ f af b ng} un õj!ecj f~}bfu! tc r mhmltac! f njnenfnwfu v}m jc t}mbmj com,jmr gnjfjenfenõj mj acu enre}ncu bclnjfjmu9

Frlcjnxfræ afu rmkafu rmaf nwfu f acu bmrme`cu bm f}cr ~

bmrme`cu ecjmpcu v}m bmgnjmj acu bmrme`cu mecjõlnecu ~!f af wmx ! acu bmrme`cu lcrfamu bm acu f}crmu ~ bm acu njîr ,trmmu ucorm afu corfu*

Ecjwnmjm nbmjngnefr }j a}kfr ftrctnfbc v}m umf tcrfbcr bm

mum njur}lmjc ~ tmbnr fa lf~cr jølmrc tcunoam bm Mufbcu~ kconmrjcu v}m umfj tfrm bm îa* E}fjcu læu umfj acu v}m an83

rfngnv}mj! lf~cr umræ u} njga}mjenf ~ u} tmuc tcaìnec* Umrf}j tcbmrcuc frk}lmjc tfrf mpea}nr bmgnjnnwflmjm af e}a,}rf bma ælonc bm njmrwmjenõj bm af fLm*

6;4

J+LFJBLF*RRMaF_R

NNa* Træenefu e}a}rfamu

Ecj ma gnj bm jc trctcrencjfr f acu lmbncu tct}afrmu ucaflmjm trcb}ecu bm ecju}lc e}a}rfa bm lfufu ~ bm njenfr f

6;6

amctcaaaef bm af e}a}rf

tmecu frìunecu ~ e}a}rfamu! bmofmu! njnenfnwfu bm lcwnanxfenõj ucenfa! trc~mecu mb}efnwcu ~ fucenfnwcu! m njnenfnwfu bm

ucanbfrnbfb mecjõlnef* Muf rmb tfrnentfræ fenwflmjm mj aflcwnanxfenõj bm af ctnjnõj tøoanef tfrf comjmr e}fjc fjmu



acu fr nu fu f v}m um mjgrmjmj mj acu læu ærnbcu mrrmjcu bmatfjcrflf ucenfa ,,v}m flonîj ucj mutfencu bm rmjcwfenõjmuînef, mu }rkmjm gclmjfr af ermfnwnbfb ~ afu træenefu frìunefu bm cbcu! lmbnfjm feencjmu frìunefu ~ e}a}rfamu bmtrcpnlnbfb*

Fjnlfr f afu tcoafencjmu læu bmugfwcrmenbfu f v}m tfrnentmj

mj af wnbf e}a}rfa acefa flonîj mu }jf kfrfjìf bm rmwnfanxfenõj bm af bmlcerfenf*

Tcr fjc! tmbnlcu f acu Mufbcu ~ f afu crkfjnxfe ncjmu njmrjfencjfamu v}m crnmjmj bmanomrfbflmjm }jf tfrm ermenmjmbm u}u lmbncu bm tcaì nef e}a}rfa `fenf feencjmu mj ecjfececj af tcoafenõj*

Mj }j ecjmpc bm grfknanxfenõj bm acu umecrmu rfbnencjfamu

(gflnanf! rmanknõj! ecl}jnbfb acefa***.! ma njbnwnb}c! ~f umf jnöc!fbcamuemjm c fb}ac! muæ bnrmeflmjm mpt}muc f acu mgmecujcenwcu bm af cgmrf e}a }rf a ecj wcefenõj eclmrenfa*

Ma gcrfamenlnmjc bma wìje}ac mjrm mb}efenõj ~ e}a}rf rmu}af mjcjemu njbnutmjufoam tfrf umjunonanxfr rmutmec bm afutræenefu frìunefu! fuì eclc tfrf rmecjmp}fanxfr acu trcb}e

cu bm af njb}urnf e}a}rfa* Mj tfrne}afr! af `nucrnf bma frm ~bm afu enwnanxfencjmu! fuì eclc ma fjæanunu bma trcemuc bm mafocrfe nõj bm afu nlækmjmu mamwnu}famu c enjmlfckrægnefu! bmomj

umr cohmc bm ftrmjbnxfhm bmubm af njgfjenf*

Tcr øanlc! jcu ecltrclmmlcu f nltafjfr }jf rmb bm ermfbcrmu ~ rmutcjufoamu e}a}rfamu v}m um ctcjkfj! f rfwî u bmu}u træenefu! f af l}jbnfanxfenõj anomrfa ~ f af }jngcrlnbfb

e}a}rfa* Læu faaæ bm acu njmrefloncu bm njgcrlfencjmu! rmgampncjmu mõrnefu ~ mptmrnmjenfu! muf rmb mjbræ tc r g}jenõj

ma gclmjc bm af ecafocrfenõj mj ma ælonc bm af ermfenõj! afbng}unõj ~ af gcrlfenõj* Afu ecafocrfencjmu mjrm lnmlorcu

bm af rmb flonîj um ecjemonræj eclc njmrefloncu mjrm }j

mrrncrnc ~ crc! v}m t}mbmj ecltrmjbmr! mj crjc f acu fu,

af ermfenõj bma njur}lmjc njmrjfencjfa tfrf af bnwmrunbfbe}a}rfa*

Læu faaæ bm mufu trct}mufu rmafnwfu f af e}a}rf! v}mrmlcu

crkfjnxfr }jf ecjgmrmjenfl}jbnfa tfrf bmgnjnr acu trnjentncu~ afu lcbfanbfbmu bm kmunõj bma ecjh}jc bm acu onmjmu ecl}jmu bm af `}lfjnbfb! tfrf acu e}famu af jcenõj bm umrwnenctøoanec bmom trmwfamemr ucorm acu lmefjnulcu bma lmrefbc8mb}efenõj! ufa}b! e}a}rf! lmbnc flonmjm! fk}f*

ONOANCK_FGÌF BM F_LFJB LFaRMAF_R

MJ EFURMAAFJC



6>728 Lfj}fa bm fjæanunu bmlckrægnec! Ufjnfkc bm E`nam! Mbn,encjmu bm af Mue}maf bm ucencackìf! ]jnwmrunbfb Efõanef bmE`nam*

6>7=8 Fafu ucenfa bm afu ecl}jfu bm E`nam! Ufjnfkc bm E n am!Mbncrnfa bma Tfeìgnec*Njmkrfenõj jfencjfa ~ lfrknjfanbfb8 }j mjuf~cbm rmkncjfanxfenæjuceìfa bm E`nam* Mj ecafocrfenõj ecj L*F* Efrrmõj! Ufjnfkcbm E nam! Mbncrnfa bma Tfeggnec*

6>7;8 e#wbõjbm wf ma ecjrca bm af jffanbfb\! Ufjnfkc bm E nam!Mbnencjmu }jnwmrunfrnfu*

6>708 Afl}hmr e`namjf mj }jf j}mwf ucenmbfb8 mu}bnc ucencaõknecmptacrfcrnc femref bm af un}fenõj m nlfkmj bm af l}hmr mj E nam*Mj ecafocrfenõj ecj Lne`mam Lfmafr (L*L*.* Ufjnfkc bm

E nam! Mbncrnfa bma Tfeìgnec*

6->8 H}wmj}b e`namjf8 rmomabìf ~ ecjgcrlnulc* Mj ecafocrf,enõj ecj L*L* Ufjnfkc bm E nam! Mbnencjmu }jnwmrunfrnfu*

6>;48 Acu lmbncu bm ecl}jnefenõj bm lfufu* Af nbmcackìf bm af

trmjuf anomrfa* Mj ecafocrfenõj ecj L*L*! ~ LfomaTneenjn

(Ufj,nfkc bm E nam! E}fbmrjcu bm af _mfanbfb Jfencjfa. YO}mjcuFnrmu! U`ftnrm#Ma Enb! 6>;7\*

Af nbmcackìf bm af bclnjfenõj mj }jf ucenmbfb bmtmjbnmjm* Mj ec,afocrfenõj ecj Efrlmj Efunaac ~ Amcjfrbc Efunaac (O}mjcuFnrmu! Unkjcu.*

6>;?8 Tfrf ammr fa Tfc Bcjfab* Mj ecafocrfenõj ecj Frnma Bcrg,lfj (E`nam! Mbnencjmu ]jnwmrunfrnfu bm Wfatfrfnuc.*

6;2

F_JNFJBLF*RRMAFTnR

Fkrmunõj bmubm ma mutfenc* E}a}rf ~ jftfal mj afmrfbm acu ufîanmu (Lîpnec! Unkac PPN.*6>;58 Af ecl}jnefenõj lfunwf mj ma trcemuc bm anomrfenõj (Lîpn,

ec! Unkac PPN.*

6; *

7mctc66rif bm+/ e}a}rf

6>>48 Af T}oanenbfb (Ofremacjf#O}mjcu Fnrmu! Tfnbõu.*

6>>58 Af ecl}jnefenõj,l}jbc* @nucrnf bm afu nbmfu ~ bm afu murfmknfu (Lfbrnb! G}jbmuec. YLîpnec! Unkac PPN! 6>>;\*



6>;;8 L}anjfencjfamu ~ unumlfu bm ecl}jnefenõj (Lîpnec! UnkacPPN.*

Grmjmu e}a}rfamu ~ lccnnìxfeìcj bm lfufu* Mj ecafocrfenõj ecjL*L* (Ofremacjf! Fjfkrflf.*

6>;08 Ecl}jnefenõj m nbmcackìfu bmaf umk}rnbfb* Mj ecafocrfenõj

ecj L*L* (Ofremacjf! Fjfkrflf.*

6>048 Aculmbncu bm ecl}jnefenõj mj nmltc bm ernunu* Mj ecafoc,

rfenõj ecj L*L* (Lîpnec! Unkac PPN.*

6>068 Af mamwnunõj famrjfnwf* Mj ecafocrfenõj ecj hmfj,Lfrnm

Tnmlle (Ofremacjf! Fjfkrflf.*

Ecl}jnefenõj ~ rfjunenõj fa ucenfanulc* Ma efuc Lcxflonv}m(Lîpnec! Mrf.*

6>058 Flîrnef Afnjf mj af mjer}enhfbf mamlænef* Mj ecafocrf

e n3j ecj @îercr Ue`l}eamr (Lîpnec! NAMR9 O}mjcu Fnrmu! Tfn,bcu.*

6>028 Rmejcackìf! E}a}rf ~ Ecl}jnefenõj* Mj ecafocrfenõj ecj

^wmu Uc}rbxî (Ofremacjf! Lnrm.*

ma*fe}a}rf ecjrf af bmlcerfenf3 Ac f}bncwnu}fa mj af `crf rfjujfencjfa* Mj ecafocrfenõj ecj L*L* ~ Pfwnmr Bmaec}r (Ofrem,acjf! Lnrm.*

6>0;8 Tmjufr ucorm acu lmbncu* Mj ecafocrfenõj ecj L*L* (Lf,

brnb! G}jbmuec. YUfjnfkc bm E`nam! Mbnencjmu Acl! ?444\*

6>008 Ma efrjfwfa bm afu nlækmjmu* Mj ecafocrfenõj ecj L*L*(Lfbrnb! Fifa.*

6>0>8 Af njmrjfencjfa t}oanenfrnf (Lfbrnb! G}jbmuec.*

6>>=8 Af njwmjenõj bm af ecl}jnefenõj (Ofremacjf! Ocue . YLîpn,ec! Unkac PPN! 6>>7\*

6>>;8 @numrnf bm afu mcrìfu bmaf ecl}jnefenõj* Mj ecafocrfmnõjecj L*L* (Ofremacjf#O}mjcu Fnrmu! Tfnbõu|*

6>>08 Af l}jbnfanxfenõj bm af ecl}jnefenõj (Ofremacjf#O}mjcu

Fnrmu! Tfnbõu.*

?4448 @nucrnf bm af }ctìf tìfjmfrìf* Bm af en}bfbtrcgînef f afucenmbfb kacofa (Ofremacjf#O}mjcu Fnrmu! Tfnbõu.*

?44?8 @nucrnf bm af ucenmbfb bm af njgcrlfenõj (Ofremacjf#O}m,jcu Fnrmu#Lîpnec! Tfnbõu.*

G]MJRMU BM ACU R_FOFHCU _MECKNBCU

MJ MA T_MUMJRM WCA]LMJ



/Njgcrlfncj! bîunjgcrlfncj! emju}rm8 acknv}mu lnanfnrmu!

acknv}mu îecjclnv}mu/! Mjewenctfmbnf ]jnwmrufanu! 6>>?*

/T}oanenî! N+Mrm rfjujfncjfam/! Mje~eactfmbnf ]jnwmrufanu! 6>>5*

/Lîbnfu8 wmru af uc}wmrfnjmî b} ecjucllfm}r3/! Mj ecafocrfenõj ecj Lne mam Lfmafr* Mje~eactfmbnf ]jnwmrufanu! 6>>2*

/Mpemtncj c} utîenöenî e}a}rmaam8 amu mjhm}p b} KFRR/!

Mje~eactfmbnf ]jnwmruf&nu! 6>>=*

/Wmru af lcjbnfanufncj bm af e}a}rm3/! Mje~eactfmbnf ]jnwmr,ufaìu! 6>>7*

/]ctnmu m rîf an îu bm af ecll}jnefncj/! Mje~eactfmbnf ]jì,

wmruf&nu! 6>>;*

/Wmru }jm ucenîî kacofam bm a+njgcrlfncj/! Mje~eactfmbnf ]jì,

wmruf&nu! ?44?*

/Af bnwmrunî e}a}rmaam8 mjrm `nucnrm ma kîctcannv}e/* trm,

umjfbc mj ma Ecacv}nc ?44? OCK]MU Kacofanulm m ta}rfanulm! Lcjrîfa! V}îome! ?2,?; bm forna ?44?*

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Geopolitica de La Cultura ~ Armando Mattelart