1

1 8

2 18

3 50

4 81

5 101

6 126

7 237

8 298

9 348

10 401

11 497

12 600

13 662

2

1 735

2 779

3 808

4 825

5 Rub 838

6 866

7 891

8 937

9 948

10 967

11 971

12 979

13 1005

14 1043

15 1073

3

1 1143

2 1246

3 1379

4

1 1533

2 1541

3 1584

4 1772

5

1. 1846

2. 1855

3. 1923

4. 1941

5. 1955

6. 1958

7. ????

3

3 1141

( 3 )

1

(The Maintenance of Journal and Thrust Bearing)

1. (Generals of Bearings) 1143

2.

(The Kind and Characteristic of Journal Bearing) 1152

3. (Maintenance of Journal Bearing) 1164

4.

(The kind and Characteristic of Thrust Bearing) 1213

5. (Thrust Bearing Maintenance) 1219

6. (Bearing Dynamics and Basic Concepts) 1226

7.

(The Location of Temperature Sensor & Measurement) 1237

2 (Shaft Alignment)

1. (Shaft Alignment Basics) 1246

2. (Casing Alignment Using Piano Wire) 1271

3. (Shaft Alignment Measurement Techniques) 1278

4. ,

(Plot, Calculation and Exercise for Shaft Alignment) 1292

5.

(Various Plotting Techniques to Determine Machinery Movement) 1315

6. (Alignment of Specific Rotor System) 1324

7. (Rigid Coupling Alignment) 1328

8.

(Considerations for Moving Machinery in the Field) 1338

9. (Laser Alignment) 1348

1142 3

3 (Balancing)

1. (Unbalance and Balancing) 1379

2. (Types of Unbalance) 1387

3. (Simplified System Dynamics) 1392

4. 1402

5. (Single Plane Balancing) 1408

6. (Two Plane Balancing) 1421

7. Balance Weight 1452

8. Weight Balancing 1459

9. (Generator Rotor Thermal Sensitivity) 1482

10. Blade (Blade Distribution Program) 1497

1

(The Maintenance of Journal and Thrust Bearing)

1. (Generals of Bearings)

1.1 (Introduction)

, .

,

.

,

.

.

.

1.2 (Structure of the Oil Film and Lubrication)

.

1-1 Absorbed Film, Boundary Film,

Full Film .

Absorbed Film ,

. (Boundary Film)

, ,

. .

(Full Film) , .

, , , , ,

1144 3

0.15 .

1-1

1.3 (Eccentricity and the Range of the Oil Film)

1-2

1-2 ,

0 e .

, . (hmin) A

.

h min =C2

(1-n)

C n (2eC). 0-0' ,

(Attitude Angle) ,

1 1145

. A ,

.

,

0.0254 .

180() .

,

, .

(Unit Loading

Pressure) 3, .

.

1-3 4 . (a)

, Wedge

. (Hydrostatic) (b)

. Squeeze Film (c)

.

1-3 : (a) , (b) , (c) ,

(d)

1146 3

1.4 (Bearing Friction)

.

.

,

.

.

1-4

1-4 .

Sommerfeld Number .

Sommerfeld Number D, N, C, P

Z . AB

Sommerfeld Number A

.

A B

, .

A . A Sommerfeld

Number , A

.

1 1147

A C .

.

C D

.

,

.

, ,

4 .

,

.

1.5 (Bearing Clearance)

. , ,

.

.

, 1-2 .

3 ,

.

,

.

,

Rubbing Packing .

.

.

2,000 rpm 1 0.0254 (0.001), 4,500 rpm

0.033 (0.0013), 4,500 rpm 0.05 (0.002) .

2

.

1.6 Orifice (Oil Flow and Orifice)

,

1148 3

.

.

.

, .

.

,

. 17

. 0.71.75 /, 4045,

.

.

.

,

.

1.7 Size Factor (Size Factor and Allowable Loadings)

.

.

.

. L/D

1.0, 0.3. .

, (LD)

.

.

(R/(LD)).

717.7 /.

,

.

1 1149

.

,

.

,

.

,

.

Stage

.

.

1.8 (Bearing Temperatures)

.

Drain .

T(Tout-Tin) , .

T =Hp

60QC p

T = ()

Hp = (kcal/min)

C p = (kcal/)

Q = Total Oil Flow (/sec)

= (0.00086 /cc)

. 28 ,

28 .

, Drain

Chamber .

1150 3

Drain

.

,

.

.

. 3600 rpm 7193 .

177 149

.

.

2228

.

,

3

, .

GE .

() () Trip()

7788 107 121

8899 107 121

82110 116 127

,

.

, ,

.

.

1 1151

. 0.50.75

. .

* . * .

Chamber . .

. .

- .

. .

* .

1.9 -, (Oil Film-Spring and Damping Constants)

.

.

.

.

.

, .

.

,

- .

2eC Sommerfeld Number .

Sommerfeld Number .

S =2.4210-9ND 2/c

P

= ( )

N = (rpm)

D = ()

C = ()

P =

1152 3

Sommerfeld Number ,

.

.

,

.

.

.

,

.

2.

(The Kind and Characteristic of Journal Bearing)

2.1 (Cylinderical Bearings)

.

, Oil

Whip .

.

1-5

Overshot

1 1153

.

. ,

.

Seal Deflector

.

Ring Labyrinth Seal

. Deflector 0.20.254 .

2.2 (Elliptical Bearings)

. ,

Oil Gap Shim . Shim

2 .

,

. .

.

Overshot ,

Overshot .

.

.

.

Overshot ,

.

, ,

.

1-6 (Angle of Convergence) ,

4 ( 1-7)

1154 3

. 4

.

4 4

.

1-6 1-7

2.3 (Pressure Bearings)

(Pressure Type Bearing) ,

.

.

45 ( 1-8

).

.

,

.

. 7 /

1.43.4 / .

1 1155

, 1/2

0.5080.762 .

.

.

.

,

.

Oil Whip

Oil Whip

.

.

.

1-8

1156 3

2.4 (Axial Groove Bearings)

( 1-9) .

,

.

( 1-10).

1-9 Axial Groove Bearing 1-10 Axial Groove Bearing

.

.

.

Drain ,

.

1-11

, .

71112 .

6

1 1157

1 .

Drain .

1-11

1-9, 1-11 .

3060% .

Drain ,

.

Drain ,

. Drain

.

.

, .

,

2530.

71116 , 116 .

1158 3

6,

.

.

,

Drain .

2.5 (Multilobe Bearings)

,

. 3, 4,10

. 3 4 . Lobe

Tapered Land .

1-12 Load On Pad(LOP) 3 Lobe .

1-12 3

2.6 (Offset Half Bearings)

Offset

1-13 ( 1/2) .

. , 1-14

45

.

1-13 Offset Half

1 1159

1-14 Offset Half

2.7 (Tilting Pad Bearings)

, .

,

.

36 ,

.

4, 5 6 , 4 2

, 5 4 6 2

3 .

1-15 6 .

(Lips) ,

.

,

.

1160 3

Double , Single .

1-15

1-16 .

.

.

Shim

. ,

,

0.6 .

1-16 Block

1-17 ,

.

.

.

1 1161

1-17

,

.

5.3 /

1.4 / .

.

Wiper Seal Ring .

Overflow

, Drain

.

, .

,

, Whirl

.

Whip

Whip , Whip

, 1.4 /

.

1162 3

3 .

1-18(a) Rocker Back Pad, .

.

.

1-18(b) (Bottom)

Member Flat Disc .

,

. .

. 1-18(c)

.

.

Fretting .

(Brinelling)

.

. 2

.

.

1-1

> > > >

> > > >

> > > >

> > > >

> > > >

> > > >

> > > >

> > > >

1 1163

1-2

Bearing TypeLoad

Capacity

Suitable

Direction

of Rotation

Resistance

to Halfspeed

Whirl

Stiffness

and

Damping

Cylindrical Bore

Good Worst

Increasing

Best

Moderate

Cylindrical Bore with

Good Moderate

Dammed Groove

Lemon Bore

Good Moderate

Three Lobe

Moderate Good

Offset Halves

Good Excellent

Tilting Pad

Moderate Good

1164 3

(a) Rocker back (b) Spherical

(c) Ball-in-Socket

1-18

3. (Maintenance of Journal Bearing)

3.1 (Measurment of Bearing Clearance)

3.1.1 (Checking on Disassembly)

Micrometer

( ). 2

.

3.1.2 (Checking on Assembly)

1-19 Oil Gap 1.31.5

.

1 1165

Micrometer .

Oil Gap.

Oil Gap 1.31000

1.331000

, Side

Oil Gap 2.

Babbitt

, ,

.

1-19 Oil Gap

3.2 (Checking Parallel Alignment)

Wiping

Babbitt .

1-20 4 .

(0.20.4 ) Thickness Gage ,

5 .

(Twist)(OL - IL + OR - IR)

2 0.0003

, 1-21 (Tilt) OV-IV-(OT-IT) 0

0.0001Journal Dia. .

Shim Plate , Oil Flushing

.

1166 3

1-20 Twist ( )

1-21 Tilt ( )

1-22 Oil Jack 0.4

.

.

1 1167

.

1-22

3.3 (Contact between Journal and Bearing)

0.330.54( 4060)

.

1-23 ( l 1 : l 2) 1:3

. 1:3

,

.

60 , ,

,

.

1-23

3.4 (Management of Journal Bearing Ball Seat)

1-24

.

1168 3

Rotor Alignment Ball Seat

, ,

.

1-24 Ball Seat

3.4.1 (Ball Seat Contact)

(1)

Ball Seat

, . 80%

.

. 1-25 Ball Seat Contact Check .

,

Scraping .

Scraper Oil Stone . Blue Paste

1 1169

.

.

1-25 Ball Seat Contact Check

(2) Shim Pad

Ring

Shim Plate Pad . Shim Plate Pad Pedestal

. Shim Plate Pedestal Pad

Ring .

80% Ring Pad .

Shim Pad 45 100% , 90 Shim Pad

.

Ring Padestal

Pad Paste Ring .

Pad Scraper . Alignment Shim Plate 0.2

.

1170 3

3.4.2 (Bearing Torque and Pinch Check)

Ball Seat Pinch

. Ball Seat

. Ball Seat

Ball Seat , Ball Seat ,

Seat Seat

. .

.

Ball Seat ,

Sub-synchronous .

Pinch .

Ball Seat , Ball Seat ,

.

Ball Seat , Ball Seat

.

Pinch Check Torque Check , Torque Check

, Torque Check

, Torque Check .

, Pinch Check Ball Seat

. Ball Seat

, Ball Seat . Pinch Check

, Pinch Check

, Ball Seat

.

Torque Check , Pinch Check Ball Seat

Contact Check . Contact Check ,

Seat , .

(1)

Ring Ring

1 1171

Micrometer .

Babbitt Remoulding ,

1-26 .

1-26

1-27 (0.40.6 )

Ring 0.3 Shim Plate

. Ring

, Shim Plate

. 0.20.3 Shim Plate

.

1-27 Ball Seat Pinch Check

Pinch Clearance Unit

.

1172 3

,

Ring , 3( 1-28)

. 0.05 .

1-28 Ball Seat

(2)

Torque Check Ring ,

Ring .

Ring

.

Torque Check

1-29 Ring Pedestal ,

Torque Check Device .

1-29 Ball Seat

GE HITACHI .

-

1 1173

1-30

-

= 0.3210-3DB/2Bw

DB : ()

Bw : ()

Ring Torque Check

.

: -m

BoltSize

114

'' 112

'' 134

'' 2 '' 214

'' 212

'' 234

'' 3 ''

- 110 120 135 150 160 - -

50-60 55-65 60-70 70-80 80-90 90-100 90-105 110-110

3.5 Babbitt (Checking of Bond Quality)

3.5.1 Thickness Gage PT (Check with T.G Gage and PT)

Shell Babbitt ( l 1 + l 2 + l 3 + l 4)

60% , 0.04 Thickness Gage 20%

. 1 Segment

1174 3

Segment .

1-31

3.5.2 (Check with Ultrasonic Test)

3.5.1 Babbitt

.

- Jacking Oil Port

- 3.5.1 ,

UT 20% 1 2525

. 2040%

.

3.6 Ring

(Tightening Method of Adjusting Ring Bolt)

3.6.1 (Effect of Bolt Tightening)

.

.

- Rotor Alignment .

- Ring Flange Shim Pad .

- .

1 1175

- .

- Frame .

3.6.2 (Method of Bolt Tightening)

(1) ( Shim )

1-32

.

.

Ring Flange Pedestal Ring

4 ( 0.5 ).

Torque Wrench 4 (

, , , ) 1/3 , 1/3

, .

1/2 Flat(306) .

3/100

. 3/100 10 -m .

(2)

1-32 Ring Flange Shim

0.10.15 .

0.05 .

Shim .

1-32(a) Strap Tightening

1176 3

1-32(b) Ring Shimming

3.7

(Assembly and Disassembly of Journal Bearing)

.

.

Oil Stone (Kerosene) Shell

Damaged Spot Burrs .

0.25 ,

. .

Heavy Lube Oil .

.

.

Outer Ring( Ring)

Alignment Shim . 1-33

Shim Pad , 1-34

Shim

Chart.

1 1177

1-33 Shim Pad

1-34 Shim Pad Shim

Alignment Pad Pedestal 75% (

100%) .

, Burr

, Alignment

1178 3

Feeler Gage . , 0.030 Feeler Gage

.

, Outer Ring

12 mils . 1-35 Dial

Gage , Pedestal Flange Outer Ring

. Subsynchronous

, .

Ball Seat Twist Tilt

, .

1-35 Strap Bolt Tightening

3.8 Double Tilting Pad

(Operation and Maintenance of Double Tilt Pad Bearings)

3.8.1 (Instruction)

Double Tilt Pad , ,

, DTP . ,

A. ( 1-36)

B. Pad 1974 ( 1-37)

C. Pad 1976 ( 1-37)

1 1179

1-36

1-37 Pad

3.8.2 (General Design)

3000 3600 rpm

, .

1180 3

Double Tilting Pad(DTP) .

.

. DTP Babbitt

Pad . Pad 3 6 Ring

Bore . Pad

Ring .

Pad Wedge . Pad

Pad .

Ring Hook Fit Handling Pad

Pad .

( Bore) 15

0.0013 , 16

0.0015 . Pad

Plate .

A . Oil

Drain

. Sight Box

. Ring Seal Strip

. Pad Pad

Overshot Groove . Groove

1.64.8 .

B Ring 360 Hole .

Hole Pad

. Ring Down-comming Side

Drain Hole Drain Oil Sight Box .

.

Ring Seal Strip .

Cover Plate . Pad Wear Plate

. Pad Shim

. Pad Palte

1 1181

(Indenting)

. Pad Overshot Groove .

C B .

Type Cover Plate .

3.8.3 (Operational Recommendations)

Pad

.

Trip .

DTP

. 82104

.

2.85.6 .

2225 .

Alarm Limit : 107, Trip Limit : 121

Alarm Limit

.

113 .

Babbitt Wiping . Alarm

Limit 107

( ).

Trip Limit 121 Trip .

3.8.4 (Maintenance Recommendations)

DTP

.

(1)

.

. ? ?

.

1182 3

(2) Pedestal ()

,

Standard Hood

. 0.030 Feeler Gage Pedestal

Pad . Pad Feeler Gage

.

Flange Flange Flange

. Flange Troque

. 0.030 Feeler Gage

.

.

(3) ()

Part A

.

.

Babbitt Ring

Pad .

.

Mandrel ( Part B -

).

0.002.

.

, ,

.

.

(4)

Ring .

Match-mark .

. , ,

1 1183

.

.

(5) Ring

Ring Pad Match-marking Ring

Pad . Ring Fretting

.

Ring Bore Pad

Alignment Pad

Ring , , Fretting

.

B, C Ring Bore ,

Pad Wear Plate , Wear Plate Shim

. A Ring Wear Plate

, Ring Wear Plate

Bore .

Ring Alignment Pad

.

Alignment Pad .

Ring Seal Strip .

Seal + + 0.010 in(0.25 ) .

Seal 0.015 in(0.38 ) .

Dowel Fit . Dowel

. 0.002 in(0.05 ).

(6) Pad

Pad Fretting

. Pad Leading Edge Trailing Edge

. Leading Edge Pad

0.50.55 .

1184 3

.

Pad .

Pad 0.010 in(0.25 )

. Pad 0.125 in(3.18 )

( 1-38 ).

1-38

Babbitt

Babbitt Pad .

Dovetail Babbitt 35% Pad

.

Babbitt (Scoring) , Babbitt

(Smeared), Pad TIG

1 1185

[(8)- ].

Pad Mandrel

((7) (8)- ).

(7) Pad

Babbitt

Pad Mandrel Blue Paint

. Mandrel , 0.001 in(0.25 )

, 63rms ( Mandrel

).

Pad Mandrel 80% .

Hand-scraping .

Pad .

Pad Blue Paint .

Blue Paint Check Shim

.

Pad . Babbitt

Pad ,

. Pad

. Pad

. Mandrel .

(8) Bore

Pad Bore

.

Pad .

Bore .

Babbitt .

Mandrel

Pad Mandrel

1186 3

((7)) Pad Mandrel Ring

Pad Shim Bore . B,

C . A Pad

Wear Plate . Mandrel Fitting

B, , 4 .

Mandrel Pad Mandrel Fit

. 0.005 in(0.127 )

. Pad

Side Pad . Pad

, . Pad Shim

, Pad Bore Side Pad

Pad , Pad

.

Pad Ring Bore

Shim .

Babbitt

Pad

Babbitt . Pad Ring

TIG Babbitt

, Bore .

.

(6) Pad .

(9) Pad

Pad Rebabbitting

.

1 Set Pad . Pad

Babbitt ,

. Pad Hole

. Hole Ring , Bore

. Pad Pad

1 1187

Pad Box . Pad

1/4 in-20 TPI .

Babbitt Pad

. .

(10) Pad ()

Match-mark Pad Ring . Pad

Leading Edge Trailing Edge 0.375 in(9.53 )

. Pad Ring .

Pad Pad

. Pad , Pad

Pad Drain Groove

. 0.0625 in(1.59 ) Peening Tool

Staking.

(11) Ring ()

.

B, C 360 Cover .

Ring Pad

Cover .

Tongue Fit Alignment Pad

Oil Stone .

Alignment Pad Shim

.

Alignment Pad Fit

, Standard Fit Alingment Pad Blue Paint

. Alignment Pad 75% ,

100%

Shim .

, 0.0015 in(0.038 ) Feeler Gage

, Shim .

Alignment DTP .

1188 3

Turning Gear Jog

.

Ring . 0.0015 in(0.038 ) Feeler Gage

.

Flange Flange 0.002 in(0.05 )

. Lock Plate Locking .

(12) ()

. Pad Boring

, Pad .

Pad

(Procesure for Checking Tilting Pad Journal Bearing Vertical Clearance)

A. (Bearing Clearance to Shaft)

.

Pad

. Pad Babbitt

.

0.01 in(0.25 ) .

Ring 0.0015 in(0.038 ) Feeler Gage

.

Ring (Leading Edge,

, Trailing Edge) .

.

B. Mandrel (Bearing Clearance to Mandrel)

: Mandrel .

15 in(381 ) 1.3/1000

, 16 in(406 )

1 1189

1.5/1000.

Pad Mandrel Mandrel

.

Shim . Shim

0.015 in(0.38 ) ,

80% .

Pad

. Pad Babbitt

.

0.01 in(0.25 ) .

Ring 0.0015 in(0.038 ) Feeler Gage

.

Ring (Leading Edge,

, Trailing Edge) . Mandrel

.

.

A = (Mandrel ) - ( )

B = (Mandrel ) - (Shim )

= A + B

Mandrel Bore( )

(Procedure for Restoring Cylindrical Bore Using Mandrel)

: Pad Ring Wear Pad

Shim B, C . A Pad

Check ( 1-39 ).

Pad

Mandrel (Mandrel Pad Pad

, End Seal Mandrel ). 0.2

0.3 in(5.087.62 ) Hole Gage Mandrel Ring

1190 3

Seal Bore .

Shim Mandrel .

1-39 Mandrel DTP Setup

6 . ,

Shim Mandrel .

Mandrel Ring , Ring

Rotor Position Wear Pad Shim

.

Pad Side Pad .

. , Side Pad Mandrel

Side Ring Wear Pad Shim .

, Pad Mandrel

(0.002 in(0.05 )), Side Pad Side Wear Pad

Shim . Shim Mandrel Pad

1 1191

Babbitt Feeler Gage Pad

. Mandrel

.

Pad Pad

. B Mandrel

. Pad Shim

Pad .

Pad Ring Side

Pad . Side Pad

.

. Mandrel Check

0.002 in(0.05 ) . Pad Pivot ,

.

3.9 Tilting Pad

(Machining Procedure for Tilting Pad Bearing)

GE , ,

.

(1) Ring Pad .

1-40

1192 3

(2) 1-41 Pad Match Mark .

1-41

(3) Ring , , Rabbet, Oil Seal

.

(4) Pad Babbitt .

(5) Babbitt 1-42 Pad

.

1-42

(6) Babbitt .

(7) Pad .

Pad .

Pad 1-43

.

1 1193

1-43

(8) .

.

(9) 1-44 . Pad

1 in .

1-44

(10) Pad

.

a. Ring Pad

.

1194 3

b. Pad Pad Ring

. 15 ft-lbf(2 f-m)

, Point 1-45 .

1-45

c. Pad 1-46 Ring Pad

Babbitt Wedge Side Ring Pad

.

1-46

1 1195

d. (7) Pad

Ring .

e. Pad Pad Ring

Pad .

: 0.0015 in(0.03 ) Feeler Gage Pad

Ring .

(11) Pad , Wedge Ring Pad

. Setting .

(12) 2 Side Pad Ring

, (10) . (11)

Pad Ring .

(13) Ring Bottom Pad (10) .

Bottom Pad Ring .

(14) Pad Ring .

Pad Ring Pad , Ring

Side Wedge Pad 15 ft-lbf(2 f-m)

.

: 0.0015 in(0.03 ) Feeler Gage Pad

Ring .

(15) Pad Ring

. Pad Pad Pad

. (10) Ring Pad

. (11) Pad Pad

.

(16) 2 Pad Ring

(10) Ring Pad . (11)

Ring Pad .

(17) Ring Top Pad , (10) Ring

Pad . Top Pad Ring

.

(18) Pad . Ring

1196 3

Pad , Ring Side Pad

Wedge , Pad 15 ft-lbf(2 f-m) .

: 0.0015 in(0.03 ) Feeler Gage Pad

Ring .

(19) Pad Ring

. .

(20) 1-47 Ring Oil Seal Tooth Inner

Ring , .

1-47

(21) . 16 in

1.3/1000 , 16 in

1.5/1000 . +0.002

-0.000 in(+0.050 ). 1-48

.

1 1197

1-48

(22) Ring Ring Pad .

(23) 1-43 Pad ,

.

(24) Pad .

(25) Pad Profile ,

.

: 800 Pad Overshot Groove

.

(26) Ring Pad .

Deburring.

(27) Mandrel , Roundness, Taper . (21)

.

(28) Mandrel Blue Paint , Pad Mandrel

Pad . Pad Blue

Paint . 80% .

(29) Blue Paint Pad

. 1-49 Pad Leading Edge

1198 3

Traveling Edge Oil Relief .

1-49

(30) , Ring Pad .

Blue Paint , Pad

6 Pad Pad

Pad .

a. Bottom Center Pad .

b. Bottom Center Pad Mandrel , Ring Pad

Ring

.

c. 1-50 Ring AB1 , Mandrel

Feeler Gage Mandrel . AB1

. Feeler Gage Mandrel Seal

Tooth . 0.0100.015 in(0.2540.38

) . Mandrel Pad

.

d. Ring AT1 .

e. Ring Ring Mandrel .

f. Side Pad . Mandrel

AB2 .

Mandrel AL AR .

1 1199

1-50

g. 3 Bottom Pad AB2 .

1

AB1 AB2 1-51 Side Pad Mandrel

Bottom Center Pad .

AB2 AB1 0.002 in(0.05 ) .

AB2 AB1 0.002 in(0.05 ) 3 Pad

Pad . AB2 -

AB1 Bottom Center Pad Shim , AB2 - AB1

Side Pad Shim .

Seal Tooth (Bottom, Left, Right) AB2 AB1

. Bottom Center Pad Shim

AB2 .

2

AB2 AB1 Mandrel Bottom Center Pad

, Side Pad Center Pad Center

Pad ( 1-51 ).

1200 3

1-51

0.0015 in(0.030 ) Feeler

Gage Mandrel Pad .

Pad Mandrel

.

Side Pad 1-51 Feeler

Gage . Feeler Gage Side Pad

Mandrel . 0.002 in(0.05 )

Side Pad Shim .

Bottom Pad 0.002 in(0.05 )

.

h. Ring

Center Pad .

i. Center Pad Mandrel . Ring AT

Feeler Gage Mandrel .

1 1201

AT .

j. AB2 AB1

, (30) D AT1 Center

Pad Shim .

AB2 AB1

, AT AT1 - (AB2 - AB1) Center

Pad Shim . ,

AT = AT1 - (AB2 - AB1)

k. Center Pad Side Pad

Side Pad

(Step f 2, AB AT

).

(31) Pad Mandrel .

(32) Center Pad 2

. Side Pad .

(33) 0.015 in Shim Plate . Shim Plate

80% .

(34) 3 Pad Ring Ring

. .

(35) Ring . 3( )

.

= Mandrel + ( - Shim ) -

+0.004, -0.002 in(+0.1, -0.05 )

Shim .

Center Pad Shim

. Center Pad 0.005 in(0.125 )

Side Pad .

(36) Ring Pad , 1-52

ft-lbs .

1202 3

1-52

3.10 Pinch

(Measurement of Tilt Pad Bearing Clearance & Pinch)

Outside Fit

.

, Shell Pinch .

Pinch . Pinch

.

. Pinch 0.002

in(0.05 ) .

Shell . Shell

, Pinch

.

Pinch .

.

1 1203

1-53 Pinch

1-53 Pinch .

(Ts) Shim . Shell

. Strap

. (Tf) Shim(Ts)

. Pinch (Tf) Shim (Ts) .

Pinch ,

. Lift , Lift

.

Lift ,

.

Lift , Soft

Foot .

.

1-54 Lift Check ,

. (LBP) 2

(LOP) Lift

.

1-55 . Lift

1-3 .

Lift 1-56 Mandrel .

.

1204 3

=

Sc =

Scl = (Clearance Circle)

Cr =

Cd = (Clearance)

X =

1-54 Lift

1-55 (Sink)

1 1205

1-56 Mandrel

1-3

Sc=CD/2cos

Clearance Circle

Scl=Sc-(Cd/2)

(Lift)

X=Scl+Cd

3LBP 60 Cd 0.5Cd 1.5Cd

LOP 0 0.5Cd 0 1.5Cd

4LBP 45 0.7071Cd 0.2071Cd 1.4142Cd

LOP 0 0.5Cd 0 Cd

5LBP 36 0.6181Cd 0.1180Cd 1.1180Cd

LOP 0 0.5Cd 0 1.1180Cd

6LBP 30 0.5774Cd 0.0774Cd 1.1547Cd

LOP 0 0.5Cd 0 Cd

7LBP 25.71 0.5550Cd 0.0550Cd 1.0550Cd

LOP 0 0.5Cd 0 1.0550Cd

8LBP 22.50 0.5412Cd 0.0412Cd 1.0824Cd

LOP 0 0.5Cd 0 Cd

1206 3

LBP

. 1-57 Ss

.

S s=c' b

cos p

1-57

Mandrel

. Mandrel ,

. 2

.

. .

4 .

1-57 .

X = , n =

p=3602n

X= c' b+ S s = c' b (1+ 1cos p )5

p=36025

= 36

X = c' b (1+ 1cos 36 )= c' b ( 2.236)

X =c b2

( 2.236)

c b= (0.894)X

1 1207

3.11 (Assembly of Tilt Pad Bearing)

3.11.1 (Final Checking)

Pad Pivot .

Pad Rounding 9.5R (

500 ).

1-58 Pad Rounding

.

Oil Groove ?

( Orifice) ?

Liner Locating Pin

Caulking ?

Ring Contact

Contact 80% .

3.11.2 (Assembly)

Locating Pin Caulking

Caulking .

. Tilting Pad Pad

. 1-59

Housing B

.

1208 3

1-59

Oil Gap

Pad

,

Oil Gap .

Oil Gap 0.002 , Oil

Gap 0.0013 .

3.12 (Measuring Method of Bearing Load)

3.12.1 (Instruction)

.

(Rim)

Oil Whip . Rim Oil

Whip .

1 1209

3.12.2 (Measuring Method)

.

Wire Crane

.

Chain Block(

) Wire

, (

1-60 ).

1-60

Wire ,

2

.

Pedestal .

0.04 , Gland Packing

0.36

.

1210 3

Lower Crane

.

Rotor Shaft Crane ,

1-61

.

.

1-61

0.04 Packing

0.36 0.04 0.36

, .

180 .

Lower .

3.12.3 (Conform of Measurement Result)

Plot Hysteresis Curve ,

Curve . ,

(2)- ,

, 0

Hysteresis Curve .

3.12.4 (Procedure & Method of Mesurement Record)

Lifting Beam

, (2)- ,

1 1211

Lifting Beam

.

.

Rotor Shaft

Lift Wire Chain Block .

, Lifting Beam , Dial Gage

. Shaft Pedestal

. Gage , Dial

Gage .

(

50 , ,

),

.

.

1-62

Lower , Crane

. Pedestal .

Piano Shaft

Lower Shaft

, (4)- Shaft Pedestal ,

Pedestal .

.

Lifting Device Lower .

Wire Lifting Device

1212 3

, .

Pedestal

0.04 0.36 Chain Block

, . 0.36

0.04 0.36

, .

Rotor Shaft

(Hysteresis Curve) .

3.12.5 Hysteresis Curve Casing

(4)- 0.04 .

(4)- 1-63 Hysteresis Curve

,

= ( - ) /

= ( 0.01 )

1-63 Hysteresis Curve

Hysteresis Curve () 0.04

(0) 0.0

Hysteresis Curve

.

1 1213

4.

(The kind and Characteristic of Thrust Bearing)

4.1 (Introduction)

,

( 1-64).

Plate ,

.

Plate . Thrust Plate ()

.

1-64 Thrust Runner

,

,

,

.

.

Thrust Plate .

, ( ) Thrust

Plate Active Thrust Plate , Inactive Thrust Plate

.

1214 3

Inactive Inactive Plate Active

, Active Inactive Plate .

.

Pad . Land

Land .

,

.

,

, , , .

.

Land Pad 2

.

, Pad

.

Thrust Plate Thrust Runner

.

, ,

, 0.1270.51 . Thrust Plate

Shim

,

, .

4.2 Flat Land Thrust Bearing

Flat Land

.

, Land .

Flat Land ,

.

Inactive Thrust

1 1215

. 5.37 / , 10.5 /

.

4.3 Tapered Land Thrust Bearing

Tapered Land 1-65 Flat Land

Land ,

.

1-65 Tapered Land Thrust Plate

Pad , Pad

Taper .

.

Taper 8090% ,

.

1216 3

. (Dam)

Plate .

17 .

.

.

. Tapered Land Plate

.

. , ,

.

4.4 (Tilt Pad Thrust Bearing)

Flat Tapered Land .

,

Plat .

Leveling Ring

,

. 1428 /

, 4263 /.

.

4.4.1 Kingsbury (Kingsbury Thrust Bearing)

,

.

.

,

.

,

.

1 1217

Plate Leveling Plate ,

Plate 1-66 .

1-66

Leveling Plate ,

. Leveling Plate Leveling Plate

Pad , Leveling Plate Base Ring .

Plate Pad

. Leveling Plate

Base Ring Set Screw Plate

, .

,

. ,

, .

,

.

, . 42.2 /

.

.

4.4.2 (Michell Bearing)

. 1-67

, , ,

.

1218 3

Leveling Plate , Leveling Plate

, Leveling Plate

. ,

Plate

. Pad

Wedge .

1-68 .

1-67

Bearing TypeLoad

Capacity

Suitable

Direction

of Rotation

Tolerance of

Changing

Load/Speed

Tolerance

of

Misalignment

Space

Requirement

Plain Washer

Poor Good Moderate Compact

Taper Land

Bidirectional Moderate Poor Poor Compact

Unidirectional Good Poor Poor Compact

Tilting Pad

Bidirectional Good Good Good Greater

Unidirectional Good Good Good Greater

1-68

1 1219

5. (Thrust Bearing Maintenance)

5.1 Float(Bump) Check

.

1-69

( Rotor Collar

) Float Check .

. Float Check Ring, Strap Down Ring

, Front Standard Cap .

Ball Seat Standard Ring

,

.

Float Check ,

,

Turning Gear .

600W Heavy Oil ,

.

.

Shaft , Jogging .

1220 3

0.25 .

, Pad , ,

.

Pad ( 1-69 a+a'

b+b' ) 0.13

.

0.05 0.025

.

Thrust Pad , .

.

5.1.1 (Measurement Condition)

(

1-69 D1D6).

.

Pedestal .

5.1.2 (Rotor Pushing Methods)

.

Thrust Pad .

2 Oil Jack

.

0.3 .

0.1 .

5.1.3 (Measurement Procedure)

1-69 ,

, 0 .

.

1 1221

3

.

D5(D6) ,

.

5.1.4

(Calculating Axial Clearance of Thrust Bearing)

D1, D2 a

D3, D4 b

c = a-b

c :

a :

b :

Shock Pedestal

, .

5.2 Babbitt Metal (Babbitt Matal Contact)

5.2.1 Back Metal (Back Metal Contact)

Back Metal Blue Paste 70%

, 0.12 Thickness Gage . , Flat Land

, 70% , 0.04 Thickness

Gage Back Metal .

5.2.2 Babbitt Metal (Babbitt Metal Contact to Collar)

Segment Flat Land 70% , Thrust Plate

Flat l / 2 l ' / 2 .

, .

.

1222 3

1-70 Plate

70% , Flat l / 2

. , ,

.

5.3 (Parallelism Check to Journal)

.

Thrust Plate Shim ,

Gap , .

Gap .

Alignment .

Stack-up Check . Alignment

, Stack-up Check Float Check 2

mils (0.51 ) . 2 mils ,

.

5.4 Ball Torque Check

Torque Check , 1-71

.

,

, Torque Check .

1 1223

1-71 Torque Check

,

Torque Check .

Thrust Plate .

Ring Bolt .

.

.

Ball Centerline , Ball

.

Ball Seat ,

Stone Scraper Ball High Spot , Contact Torque

Check . Contact

1224 3

Ring Scraping

. Contact

Ring Scraping.

Scraping ,

. Contact

Ball .

, Scraping

Scraping .

Scraping

.

.

5.5 Pad Taper

(Checking Pad Taper of Thrust Bearing)

Pad Taper Land

.

Back Metal Dial Gage 1-72

. A, B, C Gage 0 Setting. * Taper Land

, B A C .

1-73 , , 0.025

. Taper .

1-72 Pad Taper

1 1225

() Taper Land Plot . 1/4 0.025

.

1-73 Pad Taper

5.6 Kingsbury (Checking of Kingsbury Bearing)

(Shoe Support, Shoe Leveling Plate, Base Ring

Leveling Plate, Base Ring) Thrust , Thrust

, Alignment

, Thrust Locking .

1-74

Setting Locking

.

(WH) A 10 , 1520

, .

1015 : Locking

15 : Thrust

1226 3

6. (Bearing Dynamics and Basic Concepts)

6.1 (Concept of Cross Coupling Coefficient)

1-75 Converging Wedge

.

.

(Attitude Angle) .

. 2

. Fy=-FyyY .

Fy=-FyyY . x

y . , x

Kxx Kyx .

, Bias,

Seal .

. Seal

, . 1-76

,

(Cross Deflection) .

1-75 1-76

1 1227

, .

, .

.

.

.

( ).

. (

) ,

1-77 Net Force .

( ) .

Foward Kxy + , Kyx -

. ,

. +

.

( Orbit)

.

. Pinch

.

( ) Offset

. 1-77

Orbit .

Orbit

.

E cyc=A(Kxy-Kyx)

(Kxy - Kyx)

.

.

, 1-78

. 0

. Orbit ,

.

1228 3

1-77 1-78

. ,

.

LOP LBP .

,

, .

.

, .

Bias

. ()

. -

.

6.2 (The Sommerfeld Number)

.

.

.

.

1 1229

.

S= NLDW (

Rc )

2

, :

W : (rps)

L :

R :

W :

c :

1-79 1-80 LBP 4

, .

.

. .

6.3 (Effects of Bearing Length)

( 1-79, 1-80 ).

.

.

. .

.

.

. .

.

.

.

1230 3

1-79

1-80

6.4 (Effects of Bearing Preload)

1-81 . +

0 . -

.

1-79 1-80 .

.

.

1 1231

Cr= Cb= ()

Cr .

) .

.

1-81

. . ()

.

(Flutter) . (Lockup)

Spragging .

.

6.5 Load on Pad(LOP) Load between Pad(LBP)

LBP LOP

. LBP

. , ( ) LBP

. , LBP

. (

)

. LOP

. . 1-82

4 LBP LOP . LOP

LBP .

.

1232 3

1-82 LOP LBP

1-83 4 LOP

LBP .

. 1 Forward

1-4 LBP .

LOP + () , LBP -

.

1-83

1 1233

1-4 LOP LBP

4 LBP -0.116 0.467 6.6

4 LOP 0.073 0.267 11.0

LOP LBP 1 Forward 1-84 1-85

. LOP

. .

. 1-86

. 1 LOP

.

1-84 LBP 1 Forward

1-85 LOP 1 Forward

1234 3

1-86 LOP LBP

6.6

(Effects of Clearance & Oil Supply Temperature)

Tight

. API

. 1-87

.

, ,

.

1-87

1 1235

.

. 1

.

, Labyrinth Seal Rubbing .

.

, Labyrinth Seal Rubbing .

1-88 .

1-88

6.7 (Effects of Flexible Support)

.

. , ,

.

, Pedestal

. .

.

.

.

1236 3

3600 rpm .

1-89 .

5000 rpm 4000 rpm ,

3 . .

1-89

6.8 (Effects of Misalignment)

.

. 1-90

.

, .

1-90

1 1237

. Self-aligning

. 1-91

. (a) , (b)

. Spherical Seat Equalizer Self-aligning Setting

.

. ,

, .

Runout .

. Self-aligning

Runout .

1-91

7.

(The Location of Temperature Sensor & Measurement)

. ,

, ,

.

, .

.

, Drain

.

1238 3

Active .

, .

.

,

.

.

, ( ,

, ) .

.

7.1 (The Kind of Temperature Sensor)

(, ) ,

Thermocouple (Resistance Temperture Detector:RTD)

.

7.2 (Thermocouple and RTD)

RTD

.

. RTD

.

RTD . RTD

3.2 (0.125 in)

.

1-92 . RTD

. 10 (0.4 in)

.

7.3 (The Style of Sensor Cable)

, , ( 1-93)

.

. Sheath()

, (Rigid) .

1 1239

( , )

.

.

1-92 1-93

,

.

.

7.4 (Location of Sensor)

Shell ()

( 1-94

) .

.

, .

()

1240 3

. .

1-95 A .

(Load Line Position)

.

1-94 1-95

2540,

. ,

,

, , 1-95 B

.

.

.

.

.

.

,

.

.

1 1241

() ,

. (Trailing Edge)

.

.

. /

1-96 75/75 , 75/75

.

, ( 1-96

50/75) . .

()

( Lobe

Lobe ( )

(

)

(Plain)(Flat) ( )

50/75

75/75

1-96

1242 3

.

.

.

,

.

, 180

.

Active

.

1-97 .

1-97

7.5 (Install Method)

Sensor Tip (, )

, .

,

,

. 1-98

.

1 1243

.

(Rigid) (Semi-rigid) ,

.

.

.

.

Flexible ( 1-98) ,

.

.

- .

- .

.

2 ,

. 1-98 .

1-98

7.6 (Fixing Sensor to Bearing)

, ( ),

( ) . (White Metal)

(Puddling)

.

.

1244 3

.

(Bearing Back Metal)

(Push-in Fit)

. 1-99 .

,

.

.

75 .

. 1-99 .

Active

.

1-99

1-99 (b)

. (

) Internal Push-in .

7.7 / (Setting Value of Alarm/Trip)

1 1245

. , 10(18)

15(27) . Proto-type

.

.

.