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Phm Cng Tun T in thoi: 0938.934.492 Facebook: www.facebook.com/tuantu.itus Trng H Khoa hc T nhin TP.HCM - Kha hc Luyn thi i hc mn Ha Hc
Luyn thi i hc mn Ha 2015 m bo Lin h hc trc tip: 0938.934.492
Cho khi lng nguyn t (theo vC) ca cc nguyn t: H = 1; C = 12; N = 14; O = 16; S = 32; Cl = 35,5; Li = 7; Na = 23; K = 39; P = 31; Mg = 24; Ca = 40;
Ba = 137; Al = 27; Cr = 52; Fe = 56; Ni = 59; Cu = 64; Br = 80; I = 127; Sn = 119; Ag = 108.
Cu 1: Glucoz v fructoz u A. c nhm CH=O trong phn t. B. thuc loi isaccarit. C. c cng thc phn t C6H10O5 D. c phn ng trng bc.
Gii: y l mt cu rt d. A. Sai v trong phn t fructoz khng c nhm CH=O B. Sai v thuc loi monosaccarit. C. Sai v cng thc phn t C6H12O5
D. ng. V Fructoz baz
Glucoz
Cu 2: Trng hp no sau y khng to ra CH3CHO? A. Oxi ha CH3COOH.
B. Oxi ha khng hon ton C2H5OH bng CuO un nng. C. Thy phn CH3COOCH=CH2 bng dung dch KOH un nng. D. Cho CH CH cng H2O (to, xc tc HgSO4, H2SO4)
Gii: y cng l mt cu rt d. D thy:
B. C2H5OH + CuO ot CH3CHO + Cu + H2O
C. CH3COOCH=CH2 + KOH ot CH3COOK + CH2=CH-OH
khng bn CH3CHO
D. CH CH +H2O 4 2 4oHgSO , H SO , t
CH3CHO
Cc em cn nh : Oxi ha khng hon ton ru bc I thu c anehit; ru bc II thu c xeton
Cu 3: S ng phn cu to c cng thc C8H10O, cha vng benzen, tc dng vi Na, khng tc dng vi NaOH l
A. 6. B. 4. C. 3. D. 5.
Gii: C8H10O, cha vng benzen, tc dng vi Na, khng tc dng vi NaOH nhm OH khng gn trc tip ln vng benzene, khi CTCT tha mn gm:
CH3 CH2 OH
CH CH3HO
CH2OH
CH3
CH2OH
CH3
CH2OH
CH3
Cu 4: Cho X, Y, Z, T l cc cht khc nhau trong 4 cht: CH3NH2, NH3, C6H5OH (phenol), C6H5NH2 (anilin) v cc tnh cht c ghi trong bng sau:
Cht X Y Z T
Nhit si (oC) 182 184 -6,7 -33,4
pH (dung dch nng 0,001M) 6,48 7,82 10,81 10,12
Nhn xt no sau y l ng ?
BI GII CHI TIT TUYN SINH I HC 2014 MN : HA HC KHI B
Bi gii gm c 50 cu gm 14 trang Thi gian lm bi : 80 pht
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A. T l C6H5NH2. B. Y l C6H5OH. C. Z l CH3NH2. D. X l NH3
Gii: Da vo tnh gi cc gi tr pH ta c: pH cng ln tnh baz cng mnh. Theo chiu sp xp tng dn tnh baz theo chiu t tri sang phi l: C6H5OH (phenol) < C6H5NH2 (anilin) < NH3 < CH3NH2.
i chiu vi cc gi tr pH X(C6H5OH) ; Y(C6H5NH2) ; Z(CH3NH2) ; T(NH3)
Cu 5: Hn hp X gm cht Y (C2H8N2O4) v cht Z (C4H8N2O3); trong , Y l mui axit a chc, Z l ipeptit mch h. Cho 25,6 gam X tc dng vi dung dch NaOH d, un nng, thu c 0,2 mol kh. Mt khc 25,6 gam X tc dng vi dung dch HCl d, thu c m gam cht hu c. Gi tr ca m l
A. 23,80. B. 31,30. C. 16,95. D. 20,15.
Gii:
NaOH d
3
4 2 4
HCl d4 8 2 3 2
25,6 gam
0,2 mol NH
Y : (COONH ) : 0,1 mol NH Cl : l hp cht v c X
Z : C H N O : 0,1mol (COOH) : 0,1 molm 90.0,1 223.0,1 31,3 gam
Mui : (132 18 2.36,5).0,1
+) Trong dung dch NaOH: Peptit + nNaOH Mui + H2Okh ch sinh t Y v l kh NH3
+)
4 2 4 8 2 3
BTNT N
(COONH ) C H N O
25,6 0,1.124n 0,1 mol n 0,1 mol
132
+) 4 2 2
BTNT C
(COONH ) (COOH)n n 0,1 mol
+) Trong dung dch HCl: Peptit + (n-1)H2O + nHCl Mui.
Z l ipeptit n = 2. Khi : Peptit + H2O + 2HClMui 2
BTKL
mui peptit H O HClm m m m
Cu 6: Ion X2+
c cu hnh electron trng thi c bn l 1s22s22p6. Nguyn t X l A. Na (Z=11). B. Ne (Z=10). C. Mg (Z=12). D. O (Z=8).
Gii : Cu ny siu d.
T X X2+ + 2e cu hnh e ca X l 1s22s22p63s2 Z = 12 (Mg)
Cu 7: Cho phn ng ha hc : NaOH + HCl NaCl + H2O.
Phn ng ha hc no sau y c cng phng trnh ion thu gn vi phn ng trn?
A. NaOH + NaHCO3 Na2CO3 + H2O.
B. 2KOH + FeCl2 Fe(OH)2 + 2KCl.
C. KOH + HNO3 KNO3 + H2O.
D. NaOH + NH4Cl NaCl + NH3 + H2O.
Gii: Cu ny rt d. D thy: PT ion thu gn ca p trn l : OH- + H+ H2O. Phng trnh ion thu gn ca phn ng trung ha axit-baz. Thy ngay C. ng.
Cu 8: Thy phn hon ton 0,1 mol este X bng NaOH, thu c mt mui ca axit cacboxylic Y v 7,6 gam ancol Z. Cht Y c phn ng trng bc, Z ha tan c Cu(OH)2 cho dung dch mu xanh lam. Cng thc cu to ca X l
A. HCOOCH2CH2CH2OOCH B. HCOOCH2CH(CH3)OOCH
C. HCOOCH2CH2OOCCH3 D. CH3COOCH2CH2OOCCH3
Gii:
NaOH Z
2
Loi A
2 3
Mui Y c phn ng trng bc Y: HCOONa Loi C,D.
7,67,6 gam ancol Z M 76
Este X 0,1Z :
Z ha toa c Cu(OH) Z c 2 -OH tr ln
HO CH CH
k cCH
nOH
Phm Cng Tun T in thoi: 0938.934.492 Facebook: www.facebook.com/tuantu.itus Trng H Khoa hc T nhin TP.HCM - Kha hc Luyn thi i hc mn Ha Hc
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Cu 9: Cho dy chuyn ha sau:
2 2CO H O NaOHX Y X
Cng thc ca X l A. Na2O. B. NaOH. C. Na2CO3. D. NaHCO3.
Gii: D thy y l phn ng quen thuc to CO32-
v HCO3- trong bi ton sc CO2 vo dung dch
kim.
+) Na2CO3 + CO2 + H2O 2NaHCO3 +) NaHCO3 + NaOH Na2CO3 + H2O
Cu 10: Trng hp hirocacbon no sau y to ra polime dng sn xut cao su buna? A. Penta-1,3-ien B. Buta-1,3-ien C. But-2-en D. 2-metylbuta-1,3-ien.
Gii: nCH2=CHCH=CH2 0Na,t 2CH CH CH 2 nCH
buta-1,3-ien (butaien) polibutaien (cao su buna)
Cu 11: Phng trnh ha hc no sau y khng ng?
A. 2Fe + 3H2SO4 (long) Fe2(SO4)3 +3H2 B. Ca + 2H2O Ca(OH)2 + H2
C. 2Al + Fe2O3 ot Al2O3 + 2Fe D. 4Cr + 3O2
ot 2Cr2O3.
Gii: D thy A sai v Fe ch th hin mc oxi ha +3 khi phn ng vi cc cht oxi ha mnh nh
HNO3, H2SO4 c nng. P ng l Fe + H2SO4 (long) FeSO4 + H2
Cu 12: Nung nng bnh kn cha a mol hn hp NH3 v O2 (xc tc Pt) chuyn ton b NH3 thnh NO. Lm ngui v thm nc vo bnh, lc u thu c 1 lt dung dch HNO3 c pH = 1, cn li 0,25a mol kh O2. Bit cc phn ng xy ra hon ton. Gi tr ca a l
A. 0,1. B. 0,2. C. 0,4. D. 0,3.
Gii:
o
3
850 C, Pt
3 2 2
HNO
N2 2
2 2 2 3
4NH 5O 4NO 6H OV pH =1 [H ] 0,1M n 0,1 mol 4x x 0,025 mol
4x 5x 4x
(n2NO O 2NO
4x 2x 4x
4NO O 2H O 4HNO
4x x 4x
3 2
3 2
3 2
H O
NH O
kh sp
x 0,025mol
NH O
n )b = a mol (n n )p = 0,75a mol
n 0,25a mol
(n n )p = 4x + 8x = 0,75a mol a 0,4 mol
Cu 13: Dung dch X gm 0,1 mol K+; 0,2 mol Mg2+; 0,1 mol Na+; 0,2 mol Cl- v a mol Y2-. C cn dung dch X, thu c m gam mui khan. Ion Y2- v gi tr ca m l
A. 23
CO v 30.1. B. 24
SO v 37,3. C. 2
4SO v 56,5. D. 2
3CO v 42,1.
Gii: +) BTT ta c: 0,1 + 2.0,2 + 0,1 = 0,2 + 2a a =0,2 mol.
+) Do l dung dch nn Y2- khng th l 23
CO v khi Mg2+ + 23
CO MgCO3
p n Y2- l 24
SO (0,2 mol)
Vy m = 0,1.39 + 0,2.24 + 0,1.23 + 0,2.35,5 + 0,2.96 = 37,3 gam
Cu 14: Hn hp X gm ba peptit u mch h t l mol tng ng l 1 : 1 : 3. Thy phn hon ton m gam X, thu c hn hp sn phm gm 14,24 gam alanine v 8,19 gam valin. Bit tng s lin kt peptit trong phn t ca ba peptit trong X nh hn 13. Gi tr ca m l
A. 18,47. B. 18,83. C. 18,29. D. 19,19.
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Gii: Cch 1:
+) Trong H2O: Peptit + (n-1)H2O n -amino axit
Alanin-amino axithn hp cc peptit
gm nhiu -amino axit
Valin
14,24n 0,16 mol
) n .10089
8,19 ) t s mol cc peptit tng ng h s n n 0,07 mol
117
2
1
2 H O
3
a b 3c (0,16 0,07).100npeptit X c a gc -amino axit: 1 mol
peptit X c b gc -amino axit: 1 mol n (a 1) (b 1) 3(c 1) [1]
peptit X c c gc -amino axit: 3 mol Mt khc: lk peptit = (
2
-amino axit
2
H O
n .100
H O thc t
a 1) (b 1) (c 1) 13 [2]
44a b 3c (16 7)n n 1,91 n 1
23[1],[2] (a 1) (b 1) 3(c 1) 39
a b 3c 44
a b 3c 23 n (a 1) (b 1) 3(c 1) 23 5 18 mol
18n 0
100
2
peptit amino axit H O
,18 mol
m m m (14,24 8,19) 0,18.18 19,19 gam
Cch 2:
Alanin
Valin
12
Al2
3
3 4
5
14,24n 0,16 mol
Ala 1689
Val 78,19n 0,07 mol
117
peptit X : 1 mol hh peptit n peptit(Y) 4H O (1)peptit X : 1 mol
X :1 mol
peptit X : 3 mol X :1 mol
X :1 mol
2 2
a 16
Val 716 7
Y BTKL cho(1)
peptit
H O H O
(Y) : (Ala) (Val) : 0,01 mol
m 16.89 7.117 (15 6 1).18 18,47 gamm 18,47 0,72 19,19 gam
n 4.0,01 0,04 mol hay m 0,72 gam
.0,01
nh gi ch quan th y c th ni l cu kh NHT trong khi B nm nay.
Cu 15: Trong cng nghip, sn xut axit H3PO4 c tinh khit v nng cao, ngi ta lm cch no sau y?
A. t chy photpho trong oxi d, cho sn phm tc dng vi nc. B. Cho dung dch axit H2SO4 c, nng tc dng vi qung apatit. C. Cho photpho tc dng vi HNO3 c, nng. D. Cho dung dch axit H2SO4 c, nng tc dng vi qung photphorit.
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Gii: sn xut axit H3PO4 c tinh khit v nng cao, ngi ta t P thu c P2O5, ri cho P2O5 tc dng vi H2O:
+) 4P + 5O2 2P2O5 +) P2O5 + 3H2O 2H3PO4
Trch SGK lp 11CB trang 52
Cu 16: Cho m gam P2O5 tc dng vi 253,5 ml dung dch NaOH 2M, sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c dung dch X. C cn dung dch X, thu c 3m gam cht rn. Gi tr ca m l
A. 7,81. B. 21,30. C. 8,52. D. 12,78.
Gii: Li bnh: y l dng bi tp phn ng ca H3PO4 vi OH
-
Trong cc phn ng vi dung dch baz, ty theo lng cht v lng H3PO4 tc dng s cho mui trung
ha hay mui axit hay c hai. Khi xc nh c sn phm th nn lp t s
3 4
OH
H PO
nk
n
; ta c bng
kt qu sau
3 4
OH
H PO
2 4 3 4 2 4 2 4
nk k < 1 k=1 1
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Cu 18: Anehit th hin tnh oxi ha trong phn ng no sau y?
A. 2CH3CHO + 5O2 ot 4CO2 + 4H2O.
B. CH3CHO + 2AgNO3 + 3NH3 + H2O ot CH3COONH4 + 2NH4NO3 + 2Ag.
C. CH3CHO + Br2 + H2O CH3COOH + 2HBr.
D. CH3CHO + H2 oNi,t CH3CH2OH.
Gii: +) CH3CHO th hin tnh kh khi phn ng vi AgNO3/NH3
+) CH3CHO th hin tnh kh khi phn ng vi H2 (Ni, to)
Cu 19: Cho s phn ng sau:
R + 2HCl(long) ot RCl2 + H2
2R + Cl2 ot 2RCl3
R(OH)3 + NaOH(long) NaRO2 + 2H2O
Kim loi R l A. Mg. B. Al. C. Fe. D. Cr.
Gii:
(long)
( )
2 2
2 3
long 2 23
R 2HCl RCl HR a ha tr Loi A, B.
Chn D.2R Cl 2RCl
R OH NaOH NaRO 2H O Loi C.
Cu 20: Cho bt Fe vo dung dch AgNO3 d, sau phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c dung dch gm cc cht tan.
A. Fe(NO3)2, AgNO3, Fe(NO3)3. B. Fe(NO3)3, AgNO3.
C. Fe(NO3)2, AgNO3. D. Fe(NO3)2, Fe(NO3)3.
Gii: +) Do AgNO3 d trong dch chn chc c AgNO3 Loi D.
+) Do AgNO3 nn s c phn ng: Fe2+
+ Ag+ Fe
3+ + Ag Chn B.
Cu 21: Cht X c cng thc phn t C6H8O4. Cho 1 mol cht X phn ng ht vi dng dch NaOH, thu c cht Y v 2 mol cht Z. un Z vi dung dch H2SO4 c, thu c imetyl ete. Cht Y phn ng vi dung dch H2SO4 long (d), thu c cht T. Cho T phn ng vi HBr, thu hai sn phm l ng phn cu to ca nhau. Pht biu no sau y ng?
A. Cht X phn ng vi H2 (Ni, to) theo t l 1 : 3.
B. Cht Z lm mt mu nc brom. C. Cht T khng c ng phn hnh hc. D. Cht Y c cng thc phn t C4H4O4Na2.
Gii:
o2 4
2 4
XH SO c, t
3 3 2
3H SO long, d
2 3 2
2
6 8 4
2 4 2
NaOH Y 2Zk 3
2Z CH O CH H OZ : CH OH
Y TT : c ni C C ngoi mch
T HBr 2 ng phn ca nhau
CTCT ca X : CH C(COOCH )
Y: CH C(COONa) hay C
C O
H
H
O 4 2 2 2Na ; T: CH C(COOH)
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Cc em lu :
Do T + HBr thu c hai sn phm l ng phn ca nhau nn T khng th l HOOC-CH=CH-COOH
nh nhiu em nhm tng. Do v tr C=C
v tr i xng nn khi + HBr ch thu c 1 sn phm duy
nht. Vy theo :
A. Sai v X + H2 (Ni, to) theo t l 1 : 1 do c 1
C=Cngoi mch
B. Sai Z l CH3OH khng th lm mt mu nc brom
C. ng 2 2
T: CH C(COOH) v T c C=C
v tr u mch cacbon (CH2=C-)
D. Sai v Cht Y c cng thc phn t C4H2O4Na2.
Cu 22: Hn hp X gm hai mui R2CO3 v RHCO3. Chia 44,7 gam X thnh ba phn bng nhau:
- Phn mt tc dng hon ton vi dung dch Ba(OH)2 d, thu c 35,46 gam kt ta.
- Phn hai tc dng hon ton vi dung dch BaCl2 d, thu c 7,88 gam kt ta.
- Phn ba tc dng ti a vi V ml dung dch KOH 2M.
Gi tr ca V l A. 180. B. 110. C. 70. D. 200.
Gii:
2
2
Ba(OH) d
3
2 3 BaCl
3
3V ml KOH 2M
14,9 gam
4
BaCO : 0,18 mol x y x 0,04R CO : x mol1
y 0,14X BaCO : 0,04 mol x3 RHCO : y mol
(2R 60).0,04 (R 61).0,14 14,9 gam R 18 (NH )
NHKhi :
KOHOH4 3 2
2
3 3 2
n n 0,04.2 0,14 0,14 0,36 molOH NH H O
0,36 HCO OH CO H O V 0,18 lt hay 180 ml
2
y l mt cu hi hay. Tuy khng qu kh nhng nu cc em khng cn thn th s ra ngay p n nhiu ca l 70 ml. Cn lu rng khng ni R l kim loi, v khi gii theo hng thu c kt qua l 70 ml th ta cha dng n d kin 14,9 gam hn hp ( chia lm 3). R rang R
c bit v tnh hung trong bi ny l R l NH4+
Cu 23: Dung dch axit acrylic (CH2=CH-COOH) khng phn ng vi cht no sau y? A. NaOH. B. Br2. C. Na2CO3. D. Mg(NO3)2
Gii: Cu ny rt d. Mg(NO3)2 l mui ca axit mnh hn nn CH2=CH-COOH khng phn ng.
Cu 24: Axit no sau y l axit bo? A. Axit stearic. B. Axit glutamic. C. Axit aipic. D. Axit axetic.
Gii: Cu ny rt d. Axit bo l cc axit n cht c mch cacbon di, khng phn nhnh. Trong chng trnh ph thng cc axit bo thng gp l axit stearic, axit panmitic, axit oleic v axit linoleic.
Cu 25: Ha tan ht 10,24 gam hn hp X gm Fe v Fe3O4 bng dung dch cha 0,1 mol H2SO4 v 0,5 mol HNO3, thu c dung dch Y v hn hp gm 0,1 mol NO v a mol NO2 (khng cn sn phm kh no khc). Chia dung dch Y lm hai phn bng nhau:
- Phn mt tc dng vi 500 ml dung dch KOH 0,4M, thu c 5,35 gam mt cht kt ta.
- Phn hai tc dng vi dung dch Ba(OH)2 d, thu c m gam kt ta.
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Bit cc phn ng xy ra hon ton. Gi tr ca m l A. 31,86. B. 41,24. C. 20,62. D. 20,21.
Gii:
324
H :0,7mol
dd NO :0,5mol
2
3
0,2 mol KOH
23
SO :0,1mol
44
10,24 gam
3
NO : 0,1 molkh
NO : a mol
0,16Fe : molFe : x mol
2X )TN1 0,05 mol Fe(OHFe O : y mol 1 SO : 0,05 moldd Y
2NO
H d: 0,05
2
3
3Ba(OH) d
4
)
Fe(OH))TN2 m gam
BaSO
3
3
OH d
1TH1: x 0,1175Fe : 0,05 (x 3y)
Loi2y 0,0725)TN1:
56x 232y 10,24
Fe : 0,05TH2 :
H d: 0,2 0,15 0,05
+) Khi H+ d:
3
H p
Fe/XBTE
Fe /Y
n 0,7 2.0,05 0,6 8y 0,1.4 2a x 0,1n 0,1 3.0,02 0,16 mol
3x y 0,1.3 a y 0,02n 0,08 mol
56x 232y 10,24 a 0,02
2 3Ba(OH) d
4
Fe(OH) : 0,08 mol)TN2 : m 0,08.107 0,05.233 20,21gam
BaSO : 0,05 mol
Cu 26: Tri cy c bo qun lu hn trong mi trng v trng. Trong thc t, ngi ta s dng nc ozon bo qun tri cy. ng dng trn da vo tnh cht no sau y?
A. Ozon khng tc dng vi nc. B. Ozon l cht kh c mi c trng. C. Ozon l cht oxi ha mnh. D. Ozon tr v mt ha hc.
Gii: Nhng ng dng ca ozon l da vo tnh oxi ha mnh ca n. Trong cng nghip, ngi ta dng ozon ty trng tinh bt du n v nhiu vt phm khc. Trong y hc, ozon c dng cha su rang. Trong i sng, ngi ta dng ozon st trng nc sinh hot
Trch SGK lp 10CB trang 127
Cu 27: Cho hn hp X gm Al v Mg tc dng vi 1 lt dung dch gm AgNO3 a mol/l v Cu(NO3)2 2a mol/l, thu c 45,2 gam cht rn Y. Cho Y tc dng vi H2SO4 c, nng (d) thu c 7,84 lt SO2 ( ktc, l sn phm kh duy nht). Bit cc phn ng xy ra hon ton. Gi tr ca a l
A. 0,30. B. 0,20. C. 0,15. D. 0,25.
Gii:
o2 4H SO c, t
22
Mg Ag : a moldd 45,2 gam rn Y 0,35 mol SO
Al Cu : 2a mol
2
e
e nhn SO
Mg,Al ht4 p n: a 0,15 n 2.2.015 0,15 0,75 mol
Nhn xt : Ag : a moln 2n 0,7 Y gm :
Cu : b mol
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108a 64b 45,2 a 0,3 mol
a 2b 0,7 b 0,2 mol
Cu 28: Chia 20,8 gam hn hp gm hai anehit n chc l ng ng k tip thnh hai phn bng nhau:
- Phn mt tc dng hon ton vi lng d dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3 un nng thu c 108 gam Ag.
- Phn hai tc dng hon ton vi H d (xc tc Ni, to), thu c hn hp X l hai ancol Y v Z (MY < MZ). un nn X vi H2SO4 c 140
oC, thu c 4,52 gam hn hp ba ete. Bit hiu sut phn ng to
ete ca Y bng 50%.
Hiu sut phn ng to ete ca Z bng A. 40%. B. 60%. C. 50%. D. 30%.
Gii:
3 3
2 2 4
AgNO /NH d
3
hh hh
3
3H d, Ni, to H SO c
140
2 5
HCHO : x 4x 2y 1 x 0,2TH1:
CH CHO : y 30x 44y 10,4 y 0,1Ag :1 molHCHO : 0,2
TH2 : khng c HCHO n 0,5 M 20,8(Loi)CH CHO : 0,1
Y : CH OH : 0,2
Z : C H OH : 0,1
o eteC
BTKL
m 4,52gam
0,2 0,14,52 (2.32 18) .50% (2.46 18) .H% H% 60%
2 2
Cn nh: Trong phn ng tch H2O to ete ca ancol th ta c: nAncol = 2nete = 2nH2O
Cu 29: Thc hin phn ng sau trong bnh kn : H2 (k) + Br2 (k) 2HBr (k). Lc u nng hi Br2 l 0,072 mol/l. Sau 2 pht, nng hi Br2 cn li l 0,048 mol/l. Tc phn ng trung bnh ca phn ng tnh theo Br2 trong khong thi gian trn l
A. 6.10-4
mol/(l.s) B. 4.10-4
mol/(l.s) C. 8.10-4
mol/(l.s) D. 2.10-4
mol/(l.s)
Gii: Cu ny rt d. Dng bi hi v tc phn ng tng xut hin trong thi cc nm
trc. Theo ta c :
4C 0,072 0,048v = 2.10 mol / (l.s)t 2.60
Cu 30: Cho mui X tc dng vi dung dch NaOH d, thu c dung dch cha hai cht tan. Mt khc cho a gam dung dch mui X tc dung vi a gam dung dch Ba(OH)2 thu c 2a gam dung dch Y. Cng thc ca X l
A. NaHS. B. KHSO3 C. KHS D. NaHSO4
Gii:
+) X + NaOH thi c dung dch cha 2 cht tan X l mui ca Na Loi C.
+) X + Ba(OH)2 thu c dung dch Y Loi B, D v to kt ta vi Ba(OH)2
Cu 31: Amino axit X trong phn t ch cha hai loi nhm chc. Cho 0,1 mol X tc dng va vi 0,2 mol NaOH, thu c 17,7 gam mui. S nguyn t hiro trong phn t X l
A. 7. B. 8 . C. 9. D. 6.
Gii:
2 a b 2 a b
0,2mol
Tng gim khi lng
2 a 2
2 2 3 2
X
(NH ) R(C OOH) + bNaOH (NH ) R(C OONa)
17,7 0,2.22 133 17,7gam
0,1
X c dng (NH ) R(C OOH) a 1R 16a 43 X : H N C H (COOH)
M 133 R 27
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Cu 32: Cho hnh v m t th nghim iu ch kh Cl2 t MnO2 v dung dch HCl:
Kh Cl2 sinh ra thng c ln hi nc v hiro clorua. thu c kh Cl2 kh th bnh (1) v bnh (2) ln lt ng
A. dung dch NaOH v dung dch H2SO4 c B. dung dch H2SO4 c v dung dch NaOH C. dung dch NaCl v dung dch H2SO4 c D. dung dch H2SO4 c v dung dch AgNO3 Gii:
Gii: Hnh 5.3 iu ch v thu kh clo trong phng th nghim (SKG lp 10CB trang 100)
Cu 33: Nung hn hp gm 0,12 mol Al v 0,04 mol Fe3O4 mt thi gian, thu c hn hp rn X. Ha tan hon ton X trong dung dch HCl d, thu c 0,15 mol H2 v m gam mui. Gi tr ca m l
A. 33,39. B. 32,58. C. 34,10. D. 31,97.
Gii:
2
3 4 2 3
H
HCl3
2 32
3 43
8Al 3Fe O 4Al O 9Fe
8x 3x 4x 9x
(0,12-8x).3 9x.2n 0,15 x 0,01Al d: 0,12-8x
2Fe : 9x
AlCl : 0,12rn XAl O : 4x
mui FeCl : 0,1 mol mFe O : 0,04 3x
FeCl : 0,02 mol
31,97gam
Cu 34: Hai nguyn t X v Y cng mt chu k trong bng tun hon cc nguyn t ha hc, X thuc nhm IIA, Y thuc nhm IIIA (ZX + ZY = 51). Pht biu no sau y ng?
A. Kim loi X khng kh c Cu2+ trong dung dch. B. Trong nguyn t nguyn t X c 25 proton. C. nhit thng X khng kh c H2O. D. Hp cht vi oxi ca X dng X2O7.
Gii:
X Y X X IIA;Y IIIA
Y X Y
X Y X
Y X Y
Z Z 51 Z 25(Mn)X,Y k tip nhau : Loi
Z Z 1 Z 26(Fe)
Z Z 51 Z 20 (Ca)X,Y cch nhau nhm KL chuyn tip:
Z Z 11 Z 31 (Ga)
A. ng v kim loi kim v Ca, Ba th tan trong nc nhit thng nn khng kh c Cu2+
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Cu 35: Tin hnh cc th nghim sau:
(a) Cho dung dch NH3 vo dung dch BaCl2 (b) Sc kh SO2 vo dung dch H2S (c) Cho dung dch AgNO3 vo dung dch H3PO4 (d) Cho dung dch AgNO3 vo dung dch HCl (e) Cho dung dch AgNO3 vo dung dch HF
Sau khi kt thc th nghim, s trn hp thu c kt ta l A. 2. B. 3. C. 4. D. 5.
Gii:
(b) SO2 + 2H2S 3S +2H2O
(d) AgNO3 + HCl AgCl +HNO3
Cc em cn lu :
(c) to c Ag3PO4 nhng Ag3PO4 tan trong HNO3 nn khi kt thc phn ng s khng thu c kt ta
(d) Cc mui halogen ca Ag (AgCl, AgBr, AgI) u kt ta. Ring AgF tan
Cu 36: Cc dung dch no sau y u tc dng vi Al2O3? A. Na2SO4, HNO3. B. NaCl, NaOH. C. HNO3, KNO3. D. HCl, NaOH.
Gii: Cu ny rt d.
Al2O3 l cht lng tnh nn phn ng vi c dung dch axit (HCl) v dung dch kim (NaOH) D.ng
Cu 37: Cho phn ng: SO2 + KMnO4 + H2O K2SO4 + MnSO4 + H2SO4.
Trong phng trnh ha hc ca phn ng trn, khi h s ca KMnO4 l 2 th h s ca SO2 l A. 6. B. 5. C. 4. D. 7.
Gii: Khi h s ca KMnO4 l 2
aSO2 + 2KMnO4 + bH2O K2SO4 + 2MnSO4 + cH2SO4.
Khi ta c: +) BT nguyn t Mn h s ca MnSO4 l 2
BT nguy n t S : a 1 2 c a 5
) BT nguyn t O : 2a + 8 + b = 4 + 8 + 4c b 2
) BT nguyn t H : 2b 2c c 2
)
5SO2 + 2KMnO4 + 2H2O K2SO4 + 2MnSO4 + 2H2SO4.
Ngoi ra cu ny ta c th cn bng phn ng theo phng php thng bng electron.
Cu 38: Trong phn t propen c s lin kt xich ma ( ) l
A. 7. B. 8. C. 9. D. 6.
Gii: Cu ny rt d: propen C3H6 hay CH2=CH-CH3.
i vi hp cht hu c CxHy h th ta c:
3 6C Hk 1
(x 1) y (3 1) 6 8
Cu 39: Hp th hon ton 3,36 lt kh CO2 (ktc) vo dng dch cha 0,15 mol NaOH v 0,1 mol Ba(OH)2, thu c m gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m l
A. 19,700. B. 14,775. C. 9,850. D. 29,550.
Gii:
2
222 3
2 233
2CO 3OH dOH
COCO COOH
BaCOBa CO
n 0,15 mol ch sinh COn 0,352
n n 0,15 moln 0,15n 0,15 0,1.2 0,35 mol
n 0,1 mol n 0,15 mol m 0,1.197 19,7gam
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Cu 40: C bao nhiu tripeptit (mch h) khi thy phn hon ton u thu c sn phm gm alanin v glyxin?
A. 6. B. 8. C. 7. D. 5.
Gii: Bao gm Ala-Ala-Gly; Ala-Gly-Ala; Ala-Gly-Gly; Gly-Gly-Ala; Gly-Ala-Ala; Gly-Ala-Gly.
Cu 41: Poli(etylen terephtalat) c iu ch bng phn ng ca axit terephtalic vi cht no sau y? A. Etilen glicol. B. Etilen. C. Ancol etylic D. Glixerol.
Gii:
Cu 42: Kim loi no sau y tan ht trong nc d nhit thng? A. Al. B. Na. C. Mg. D. Fe.
Gii : Cu ny siu d. Nhng kim loi nhm IA v Ca, Ba, Sr tan trong nc nhit thng to dung dch kim.
Cu 43: Cho 3,48 gam bt Mg tan ht trong dung dch hn hp gm HCl (d) v KNO3, thu c dung dch X cha m gam mui v 0,56 lt (ktc) hn hp kh Y gm N2 v H2. Kh Y c t khi so vi H2 bng 11,4. Gi tr ca m l
A. 14,485. B. 16,085. C. 18,035. D. 18,300.
Gii:
2
2
23
4
BTN
N (28) 20,8 hay 0,02 mol
0,025 mol hhY 22,8
H d H (2) 5,2 hay 0,005 mol
NOMg : 0,145 mol0,145 mol Mg dd
Cl dNH : 0,01 mol
dd XKK :
3NO K
BT T
m 18,035gn n 0,02.2 0,01 0,05
Cl : nCl 0,35
Nhn xt: +) C H2 sinh ra NO3- ht
+) ne(kh) = 0,02.10 + 0,005.2 = 0,21 < ne = 2.0,145=0,29 c NH4+
+4NH
0,29 0,21n 0,01 mol
8
Cu 44: Mt bnh kn ch cha cc cht sau: axetilen (0,5 mol), vinylaxetilen (0,4 mol), hiro (0,65 mol) v mt t bt niken. Nung nng bnh mt thi gian, thu c hn hp kh X c t khi so vi H2 bng 19,5. Kh X phn ng va vi 0,7 mol AgNO3 trong dung dch NH3, thu c m gam kt ta v 10,08 lt hn hp kh Y (ktc). Kh Y phn ng ti a vi 0,55 mol Br2 trong dung dch. Gi tr ca m l
A. 75,9. B. 91,8. C. 92,0. D. 76,1.
Gii:
2
o3 3
2
0,55 mol BrX
BTKL
X 0,7 mol AgNO /NHNi,t
2
H p
2
/X
c M 39 0,45 mol kh YCH CH : 0,5 mol
n 0,9 CAg CAghh CH CH C CH : 0,4 mol hh kh X
n 1,55 0,9 0,65 0,45molH : 0,65 mol
n 2,2 0,65 1,55
2
3 2
: x
CH CH C Ag : y
CH CH C Ag : z
) n 0,5 0,4 0,65 1,55 mol
) m 0,5.26 0,4.52 0,65.2 35,1 gam
) n 0,5.2 0,4.3 2,2 mol
nHOOC C6H4 COOH + nHO CH2 CH2 OH CO C6H4 CO O CH2 CH2 O + 2nH2On
axit terephtalic etylen glicol
poli(etylen terephtalat) (lapsan)
xt, to, p
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cu ny rt nhiu em b qua thng tin ca bi dn n vi nh lng kt ta ch gm
2
CAg CAg : x mol; CH CH C Ag : y mol .
Khi :
BT Ag
x y 0,45 x 0,25m 0,25.240 0,2.159 91,8. Chn B SAI
y 0,22x y 0,7
V cn 1 d kin v s mol Br2 ta cha dng
2
BT n
/X Br/ /n n n 1,55 n 1,55 0,55 1 mol 0,25.2 0,2.3 1,1mol
Khi hh kt ta NG s gm:
BT Ag
2
BT n3 2
x y z 0,45CAg CAg : x x 0,25
CH CH C Ag : y 2x y z 0,7 y 0,1
z 0,1CH CH C Ag : z 2x 3y 2z 1
m 0,25.240 0,1.159 0,1.161 92 gam Chn C
y l dng bi tp khng mi, nhng c tc gi lng ghp rt hay v l cc tnh hung xy ra lm cho cc em kh tm ra c im tht ca bi ton. ng thi vic xy dng p n nhiu lm
nhiu em gii SAI m c ng mnh NG. y l bi tp hay, phn loi hc sinh tt.
Cu 45: Nung nng hn hp bt X gm a mol Fe v b mol S trong kh tr, hiu sut phn ng bng 50%, thu c hn hp rn Y. Cho Y vo dung dch HCl d, sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c hn hp kh Z c t khi so vi H2 bng 5. T l a : b bng
A. 3 : 2. B. 2 : 1. C. 3 : 1. D. 1 : 1.
Gii:
o2
2
2H St HCl t chn lng cht
H 50%
H
2
H S(34) 8FeSn :1 molFe : a mol
hh rn Y Fe d Z 10 S : b mol n : 3mol
S d H (2) 24
FeS :1 mol
Fe d: 3
H% tnh theo FeFeH% tnh theo S
S p S S
1n a 4 mol H% .100 25% 50% a 2
4b 1
n (sinh FeS) 50%n b n b 2.1 2 mol b
Cu 46: Cho cc phn ng sau:
(a) 0t
2 (hi)C H O (b) Si + dung dch NaOH
(c) 0tFeO CO (d) O3 + Ag
(e) 0t
3 2Cu(NO ) (f) 0t
4KMnO
S phn ng sinh ra n cht l A. 4. B. 6. C. 5. D. 3.
Gii: C 6 phn ng u sinh n cht
(a) 0t
2 (hi)C H O CO + H2 (b) Si + 2NaOH +H2O Na2SiO3 + 2H2
(c) 0tFeO CO Fe + CO2 (d) O3 + 2Ag Ag2O + O2
(e) 0t
3 2Cu(NO ) CuO + 2NO2 + O2 (f) 20t
4KMnO K2MnO4 + MnO2 + O2
Cu 47: t chy hon ton 0,2 mol hn hp X gm mt ankan v mt anken, thu c 0,35 mol CO2 v 0,4 mol H2O. Phn trm s mol ca anken trong X l
A. 50%. B. 25%. C. 40%. D. 75%.
Gii:
o 2t
2
0,35 mol COankan (k=0)0,2mol
anken (k=1) 0,4 mol H O
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2 2ankan H O CO anken
0,15n n n 0,4 0,35 0,05 mol n 0,15 mol %V= .100 75%
0,2
Cu 48: t chy hon ton 0,1 mol mt ancol n chc trong 0,7 mol O2 (d), thu c tng s mol cc kh v hi bng 1 mol. Khi lng ancol ban u em t chy l
A. 9,0 gam. B. 8,6 gam. C. 6,0 gam. D. 7,4 gam.
Gii:
2 2 2 2 22 2 2
2 2 2 22 2 2
2 2
2 2
BTNT O
H O CO H O O d COO d CO H O
CO H O O d H OCO H O O d
H O CO
ROH H O CO C
1,5 n 2(n n n ) n 0,5 mol) 0,1 2.(0,7 n ) 2n n
n n n 1 n 0,5 mol) n n n 1
n n Ancol no, n.
n n n nKhi :
2
2 2
2 2 2
O
O d O p
BTKL
ROH CO H O O p
0,5 0,1 0,4 mol
n 0,5 0,4 0,1 mol hay n 0,6
m = m m m 0,4.44 0,5.18 0,6.32 7,4 gam
Cu 49: Cho cc cht sau : etilen, axetilen, phenol (C6H5OH), buta-1,3-ien, toluen, anilin. S cht lm mt mu nc brom iu kin thng l
A. 3. B. 5. C. 4. D. 2.
Gii: Cn nh nhng cht phn ng c vi dung dch brom gm:
+) Hirocacbon bao gm cc loi hirocacbon sau: xiclopropan; anken; ankin; ankaien; stiren
+) Cc hp cht hu c c cha gc hirocacbon khng no. in hnh l gc: vinyl CH2 = CH
+) Anehit: RCHO + Br2 + H2O RCOOH + 2HBr
+) Cc cht hu c c nhm chc anehit: HCOOH; este ca axit fomic HCOOR; glucoz; mantoz
+) Phenol (C6H5OH) v anilin (C6H5NH2): Phn ng th vng benzen
Cu 50: Hai este X, Y c cng cng thc phn t C8H8O2 v cha vng benzene trong phn t. Cho 6,8 gam hn hp gm X v Y tc dng vi dung dch NaOH d, un nng, lng NaOH phn ng ti a l 0,06 mol, thu c dung dch Z cha 4,7 gam ba mui. Khi lng mui ca axit cacboxylic c phn t khi ln hn trong Z l
A. 0,82 gam. B. 0,68 gam. C. 3,40 gam.. D. 2, 72 gam.
Gii: Nhn xt:
6 4
6 4X
X;Y
;Y n
NaOH
RCOOC H R'
c Este ca phenol: RCOOC H R'6,80,05mol n 0,06 mol
n 0,06 0,0n
5 0, 1136
0
2
6 4 6 4 2
R OH
BTKL
1 2 1 2
RCOOC H R' 2NaOH RCOONa R'C H ONa H Om 6,8 0,
0,01 0,02 0,01 0,01 0,01
R COOR NaOH R COONa R OH
0,04 0,04 0,04 0,04
2R OH 6 5 2
6 5
3 6 5 M ln hn
3
2 6 5
06.40 4,7 0,01.18 4,32g
4,32m 108 C H -CH -OH
0,04
C H ONa : khng phi mui ca axitCH COOC H : 0,01mol
hh(X;Y) mui CH COONa : 0,01.82 0,82 gam Chn AHCOOCH -C H : 0,04
HCOONa : 0,04.68
2,72 gam
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