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GIO TRNH VI IU KHI N AVR 2 www.dks.edu.vn

Mc Lc

BI 1 : GII THIU V VI IU KHIN AVR.................................................. 5 1. Gii thiu v vi iu khin............................................................................. 5

2. Gii thiu v vi iu khin AVR ................................................................... 7

3. Lp trnh cho AVR.......................................................................................10

BI 2 : GIAO TIP VO RA I/O ........................................................................ 17 1. Gii thiu giao tip vo ra I/O ..................................................................... 17

2. Cch cu hnh chc nng IO ........................................................................ 18

3. V d minh ha............................................................................................. 19

BI 3 : GIAO TIP VI LED 7 THANH............................................................ 24 1. C bn v led 7 thanh................................................................................... 24

2. Nguyn l lp trnh cho led 7 thanh.............................................................. 26

3. V d minh ha............................................................................................. 27

BI 4 : GIAO TIP VI BN PHM .................................................................. 31 1. C bn v phm bm .................................................................................... 31

2. Chng trnh v d ....................................................................................... 32

3. K thut chng rung bn phm...................................................................... 34

BI 5 : B CHUYN I ADC.......................................................................... 36 1. Gii thiu v ADC ....................................................................................... 36

2. Cch cu hnh ADC trong Code Vision cho Atmega32. ............................. 38

3. V d minh ha............................................................................................. 39

BI 6 : GIAO TIP LCD...................................................................................... 41 1. Gii thiu v LCD 16x2............................................................................... 41

2. Cch cu hnh cho LCD trong Code Vision cho Atmega32........................ 47

3. V d.......................................................................................................... 49

BI 7 : GIAO TIP VI LED MA TRN........................................................... 51 1. C bn v led ma trn................................................................................... 51

2. To font cho led ma trn .............................................................................. 53

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3. V d minh ha............................................................................................. 54

BI 8: GIAO TIP MY TNH........................................................................... 55 1. C bn v giao tip RS232........................................................................... 55

2. Cch cu hnh module UART trong Code Vision ....................................... 57

3. V d. ............................................................................................................ 58

BI 9 : GIAO TIP I2C......................................................................................... 66 1. Gii thiu chung v I2C ............................................................................... 66

2. Module I2C trong Atmega32........................................................................ 74

3. V d ............................................................................................................. 76

BI 10 : NG C BC.................................................................................. 80 1. C bn v ng c bc............................................................................... 80

2. Cc mch iu khin ng c bc ............................................................. 82

3. V d ............................................................................................................. 85

BI 11 : GIAO TIP VI CNG LPT ................................................................ 87 1. C bn v cng LPT..................................................................................... 87

2. V d minh ha............................................................................................. 90

BI 12 : GIAO TIP VI MA TRN PHM ...................................................... 92 1. C bn v ma trn phm ............................................................................... 92

2. V d minh ha............................................................................................. 94

BI 13 : TIMER.................................................................................................... 96 1. Gii thiu v timer ....................................................................................... 96

2. V d minh ha........................................................................................... 100

BI 14 : NGT ................................................................................................... 101 1. Gii thiu v ngt ....................................................................................... 101

2. Cc bc cu hnh cho ngt hot ng ...................................................... 104

3. V d........................................................................................................ 105

BI 15 : IU KHIN NG C MT CHIU............................................. 107 1. Gii thiu v ng c mt chiu................................................................ 107

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2. V d minh ha........................................................................................... 109

BI 16 : GIAO TIP VI GLCD....................................................................... 111 1. C bn v GLCD........................................................................................ 111

2. V d minh ha........................................................................................... 116

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BI 1 : GII THI U V VI IU KHI N AVR

- Gii thiu chung v vi iu khin. - Gii thiu v vi iu khin Atmega32. - Lp trnh cho Atmega32.

1. Gii thi u v vi iu khin

Khi nim vi iu khin (microcontroller MC) kh quen thuc vi cc sinh vin CNTT, in t, iu khin t ng cng nh C in t N l mt trong nhng IC thch hp nht thay th cc IC s trong vic thit k mch logic. Ngy nay c nhng MC tch hp tt c cc chc nng ca mch logic. Ni nh vy khng c ngha l cc IC s cng nh cc IC mch s lp trnh c khc nh PLC khng cn dng na. MC cng c nhng hn ch m r rng nht l tc chm hn cc mch logic MC cng l mt my tnh my tnh nhng v n c y chc nng ca mt my tnh. C CPU, b nh chng trnh, b nh d liu, c I/O v cc bus trao i d liu.

Cn phn bit khi nim MC vi khi nim vi x l (microprocessor MP) nh 8088 chng hn. MP ch l CPU m khng c cc thnh phn khc nh b nh I/O, b nh. Mun s dng MP cn thm cc chc nng ny, lc ny ngi ta gi n l h vi x l (microprocessor system). Do c im ny nn nu la chn gia MC v MP trong mt mch in t no th tt nhin ngi ta s chn MC v n s r tin hn nhiu do tch hp cc chc nng khc vo trong chip.

Vy mt vi iu khin chy c th cn nhng iu kin g :

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- Th nht l ngun cp, ngun cp l ci u tin, c bn nht trong cc mch in t, v vn v ngun l 1 trong nhng vn rt au u. Khng c ngun th khng th gi l 1 mch in c. Ngun cp cho vi iu khin l ngun 1 chiu.

- Th hai l mch dao ng, mch dao ng lm g ? Gi s cc bn lp trnh cho con AVR : n thi im A lm 1 cng vic g , th th n ly ci g xc nh c thi im no l thi im A ? chnh l mch dao ng. V d nh mi ngi u thng nht vo mt gi chun lm vic. C h thng vi iu khin cng vy, c h thng khi u ly xung nhp clock xung nhp mch dao ng lm xung nhp chun hot ng.

- Th ba l ngoi vi, ngoi vi y l cc thit b giao tip vi vi iu khin thc hin 1 nhim v no m vi iu khin a ra. V d nh cc bn mun iu khin ng c 1 chiu, nhng v vi iu khin ch a ra cc mc in p 0-5V, v dng iu khin c my chc mA, vi ngun cp ny th ko th ni trc tip ng c vo vi iu khin iu khin, m phi qua 1 thit b khc gi l ngoi vi, chnh xc hn y l driver, ngi ta dng driver c th iu khin c cc dng in ln t cc ngun in nh. Cc bn phm, cng tc l cc ngoi vi.

- Th 4 l chng trnh, y l file .hex np cho vi iu khin, chng trnh chnh l thut ton m bn trin khai thnh cc cu lnh ri bin dch thnh m hex np vo vi iu khin.

Cc cng c hc AVR : - Ngn ng lp trnh : C, ASM - Phn mm lp trnh : IAR, CodeVisionAVR - Mch np : STK200/300/500, Burn-E - Mch pht trin : Board trng, phn mm m phng, kit

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2. Gii thi u v vi iu khin AVR

AVR l h vi iu khin 8 bit theo cng ngh mi, vi nhng tnh nng rt mnh c tch hp trong chip ca hng Atmel theo cng ngh RISC, n mnh ngang hng vi cc h vi iu khin 8 bit khc nh PIC, PSoC. Do ra i mun hn nn h vi iu khin AVR c nhiu tnh nng mi p ng ti a nhu cu ca ngi s dng, so vi h 8051, 89xx s c n nh, kh nng tch hp, s mm do trong vic lp trnh v rt tin li. Cc tnh nng mi ca h