Gotong Royong Spirit for Community Initiatives Based Low Carbon Local DevelopmentBased Low Carbon Local Development

Lala M. Kolopaking(Head of Center of Agriculture dan Rural Development)

Bogor Agriculture University Indonesia

p g

Bogor Agriculture University, Indonesia

Local Level Practices, Local Decisions and Local Initiatives at the 1st annual conference of Low Carbon Asia esearch Network (LoCARnet), 

October 16‐18, 2012 in Bangkok, Thailand

Presentation OutlinePresentation Outline

• Introduction: What is Gotong Royong Spirit?

• Why could Gotong Royong support Low• Why could Gotong Royong support Low Carbon Development in Indonesia?

• Innovation of Collective Action in LocalD l tDevelopment 

• Action Research Agenda: Developing Multi‐Action Research Agenda: Developing MultiStakeholder Cooperation Network from 

i l l d lcommunity to local development

• ConclusionConclusion

GIntroduction : What is Gotong Royong Spirit ?Spirit ?

Gotong Royong : Activities and SpiritGotong Royong : Activities and Spirit

• Etymologically, the word of Gotong Royong comes from Java, Gotongmeans foster and Royongmeans together. 

• There is two meaning of Gotong Royong :

• As activities : are effort selflessly and voluntarily by all members of community according to their respective limits for completing the public interest. The existence of self‐sacrificing attitude of the community realizes that mutual aid be part of the solution to thecommunity realizes that mutual aid be part of the solution to the common/ shared. 

• As a spirit : is the attitude of mutual cooperation or assistance• As a spirit : is the attitude of mutual cooperation or assistance. Therefore, the spirit of Gotong Royong is basically the same with attitude of mutual helpattitude of mutual help

• Gotong Royong spirit is the essentially value based on social norms that provide guidance to live life,  by contributing something to p g , y g gothers or the public interest within a certain time, then the next turn will receive compensation as a form ‐‐‐ a reciprocal relationship

Variety Names of Gotong Royong in Indonesis

MAPALUS

TOLONG‐MENOLONG

BATOBO

GOTONG

LILIURANTOLONG‐MENOLONG

GOTONG ROYONG/SAMBATAN

Finding from case study in JavaFinding from case study in Java

• Two case study in java (city and rural area), found the spirit of gotong‐royong remain to befound the spirit of gotong royong remain to be the basis of community action for developing green business

• The spirit of gotong‐royong is still a of coreThe spirit of gotong royong is still a of core culture, and value of latent to used to propel the collective actions

Why could Gotong Royong supportWhy could Gotong Royong supportLow Carbon Development in Indonesia?

• Development Self‐criticism: Modernization without Development In Indonesia it Modernization without Development. In Indonesia it 

does not include the poorest of people (Sajogyo, 1989).)

Giving priority to competition, development  marginalize the less people. It s call the marginalization i d l (d d 90 ' )in development (decade 90 '  ) 

Development is held through the destruction of natural resources (Tjondronegoro 2009)resources (Tjondronegoro, 2009)

• The Impacts: Awareness for equally involving communities in Awareness for equally involving communities in 

development , need inclusive development (Kolopaking, 2012)

d b l d d l h d Need balanced development with conservation and  rehabilitation of natural resources

The emergence of desentralization development policy The emergence of desentralization development policy need community empowerment actions

The Spirit Gotong Royong in Low Carbon Development : Enrichment Poverty AlleviationDevelopment  : Enrichment Poverty Alleviation Policy)

• Poverty reduction programs: pro poor programsinclude the provision of subsidized rice, cashptransfers and community development programs.

• Infrastructure development: ensures nationalInfrastructure development: ensures national connectivity and helps less developed regions catch up with more‐developed regions particularly on theup with more developed regions particularly on the out of Java island.

• Universal education and access to health: addressesUniversal education and access to health: addresses people’s basic needs.

• Green business development• Green business development• Microfinance schemes: help small and mediumcompanies to access credit Green Microfinancecompanies to access credit, Green Microfinance

Innovation of Collective Action in LocalInnovation of Collective Action in LocalDevelopment

Start From Community InitiativesStart From Community Initiatives

Potential Green Business OptionPotential Green Business Option

Seed Technology

Irrigation

Dam development Irrigation & Drainage Biogas

Organic FertilizerFOOD

Irrigation Rehabilitation

Dam development Irrigation & Drainage BiogasORGANIC FARMING

Post Harvest Water saving MarketTechnology

Urban Area

• Waste Management• Waste Management• Provider of water

d• Landscaping

Rural Area

N i• Nurseries• Eco Tourism

O i A i lt• Organic Agriculture• Micro Hydroy

Up Scalling Gotong Royong Activities : Cooperation Between Community

Realize the Sustainable Area ProductiveRealize the Sustainable Area Productive

COMMUNITY ACTIVITIESCOMMUNITY ACTIVITIES

SPATIAL  SECTORAL APPROACH APPROACH

AREAPRODUCTION SYSTEM PRODUCT MARKET AREA PRODUCTIVE

PRODUCTION SYSTEM 

On, Off, Non Farm National, Export

Technical Assistance/Community Facilitation : Important Factor !

Developing Multistakeholder Cooperation Network : from community to local

d l tdevelopment

Gotong Royong Spirit Based Collective Action Initiatives

lCommunity

Area Development (Spatial Planning)

Community Development(CD Driven)(C e )

BusinessRegional Development 

Business Development

(Greenp(Sectoral Basis)

(Green Business)

: Gotong Royong Spirit

Enhancing Initiative of Indonesia Poverty Alleviations Action

• Cluster 1: Direct cash transfer (BLM)• Cluster 2: The National Program for Community• Cluster 2: The National Program for CommunityEmpowerment (PNPM Mandiri) is the government'sfl hi it d i d l tflagship community‐driven development program. PNPM focuses on not only reducing poverty (acommunity planning process that generates employment and invests in small scale infrastructure p yprojects that improve the development of individual villages and urban wards), and there is Green PNPMg ),in several provinces.

• Cluster 3: Microfinance (KUR) for Green BusinessCluster 3: Microfinance (KUR) for Green Business• Cluster 4: Increasing people’s consuming capacity

Developing Multi‐Parties GovernanceDeveloping Multi Parties Governance

Community

Government

Business

AcademicianAcademician

Policy of Indonesian Low Carbon 

G

Development WayG

ILCDILCD

E

G : GrowthEv

G : GrowthE  : EquityEv: EnvironmentEv: EnvironmentILCD : Indonesian Low Carbon Development Way

Conclusion

The New Approach of Collective Action Initiatives

• GOTONG ROYONG SPIRIT FOR INCREASING :

GREEN BUSINESS SOLUTION INITIATIVES FOR POVERTY ALLIVIATION AND LOCAL LOW CARBON DEVELOPMENT BY GOVERNMENTCARBON DEVELOPMENT BY GOVERNMENT SUPPORT

• IMPLICATION ON METHODOLOGY :

ACTION RESEARCHACTION‐RESEARCH

Develop Policy Processes of Local L C b D l t

T l /R / Development

Low Carbon Development

Policy Development

Tecnology/Resource/Population/

Economic  Growth

Development Impact/Degradation or 

Pollution

AdaptatiomADAPTATION 

AdaptatiomPLANEDIdeas of Low 

Carbon  MITIGATION ACTIONDevelopmet ACTION

Ri k d

Climate Variability(Increasing Risk and 

Opportunities

(Increasing temperature, Water:Flood,  Drought, 

i )Water Scarcity)

Develop Policy Processes of Local L C b D l t

P li T l /R / Development

Low Carbon Development

Policy Development (Local 

Government)

Tecnology/Resource/Population/

Economic  Growth

Development Impact/Degradation or 

Pollution

VulnerabilityADAPTATION PLANNED VulnerabilityPLANNED

Ideas of Low Carbon Developmet MITIGATION 

ACTIONLow Carbon 

D l Id ACTIONDevelopment Ideas get into  Local 

Development Policy

Emission :Climate Variability(Increasing

Development Policy

Risk and Opportunities

(Increasing temperature, Water:Flood,  Drought, 

i )Water Scarcity)