Gramar 1 Lesson 1

8/13/2019 Gramar 1 Lesson 1

1/31

qwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwerty

opasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfg

klzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvb

nmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwe

yuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopa

dfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklz

vbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmq

wertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyu

pasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfgh

klzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwer

uiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasd

ghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmrt

uiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasd

ghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzx

GRAMMARCASUAL

CONVERSATION

Module 1, Lesson 1


2/31

LINC HOME STUDY Module 1 Lesson 1

2

Part A: What is a contraction?

Lets learn more about contractions.

A contraction is two words shortened into one. A letter (or letters) is left out.

An apostrophe () goes in the place of the missing letter(s).

For answering Yes

(Positively):

I am I m

It is /It has Its

He is Hes

She is Shes

There is Theres

We are Were

We will Well

For answering No(negatively):

I am not Im not

Is not isnt

Are not arent

Will not wont

You can say:

I am hot. Im hot.

It is hot. Its hot.

He is hot. Hes hot.

She is hot. Shes hot.

They are hot. Theyre hot.

We are hot. Were hot.

There is snow. Theres snow.

We will have snow. Well have snow.

You can say:

I am not hot. Im not hot.

It is not hot. It isnt hot.

He is not hot He isnt hot.

She is not hot She isnt hot.

They are not hot. They arent hot.

We are not hot. We arent hot.

There is not any snow. There isnt any

snow.We will not have snow We wont have

snow.


3/31

Casual Conversation

3

Exercise 1

Try the following exercises. Make each sentence negative.

Example: Its a warm day.It isnt a warm day.

1. Its a beautiful day. _________________________________________________

2. Im cold.__________________________________________________________

3. Its a sunny day.____________________________________________________

4. Were cold.________________________________________________________

5. Theyre warm.______________________________________________________

6. Its windy._________________________________________________________

Exercise 2

Make these sentences positive.

Example: It isnt warm.

Its warm.

1. It isnt snowy._______________________________________________________

2. Im not cold._________________________________________________________

3. It isnt windy.________________________________________________________

4. They arent cold._____________________________________________________

5. We arent cold.______________________________________________________

6. It wont rain.________________________________________________________


4/31


4

Exercise 3

Practice the following statements:

I am / Im

hot ______________________________

warm _____________________________

cold ______________________________

Exercise 4

Write am or is in the spaces provided.

1. It___________________________________very nice today.

2. I______________________________________fine, thanks.

3. I________________________________________________well.

4. The weather___________________________________beautiful.

5. The dog__________________________________fine, too.


5/31

Casual Conversation

5

Exercise 5

Make sentences. Use is or am.

Example: (Yen, is, today, fine) = Yen is fine today.

1. (I, cold, am) _____________________________________________________.

2. (It, today, is, warm)_______________________________________________.

3. (It, day, is, isnt it?, a lovely)_________________________________________.

4. ( I thanks, am, and you?, fine)________________________________________.

5. (It, and, is, warm, sunny)____________________________________________.


6/31


6

Part B: What is a sentence?

A sentence is a group of words that tells about something or someone, or asks about

something or someone.

It shows a complete thought.

A sentence must:

1. Start with a capital letter.

2. End with punctuation ( . ? !).

3. Have a subject (s).

4. Have a verb (v).


7/31

Casual Conversation

7

Part C: What is the subject (s) of a sentence?

The subject is the

person

place

thing or

quality

that the sentence is telling about or asking about.

Examples:

Kazikis my friend. (Person)

The neighbourhoodis pretty. (Place)

The snowis beautiful. (Thing)

Love is happiness. (Quality)

The subjectis also a noun. A nounis a person, place or thing.

A nouncan be a proper noun or a common noun.

Proper nounsare nouns that name a particular person, place, or thing.

Common nounsare all other nouns that arent proper nouns.

Examples:

Kazik is my friend.

The neighbourhood is pretty.

Proper noun

(subject)

common noun

common noun

(subject)


8/31


8

Part D: What is the verb (v) of a sentence?

The verb shows the

actionor

state of being

of the subject of the sentence.

Examples:

Yen lives in a pretty neighbourhood.

Yen likesher neighbourhood.

Yen ismy friend.

A sentenceis made up of a subject (s) and a verb (v) in order to be a

complete thought.

Subject + Verb = Sentence

(s) (v) (complete thought)

What someone

Doesa physical action

What someone

Thinksa mental action

What someone

Isa state of being


9/31

Casual Conversation

9

Part E: What is a pronoun?

A pronounis a word that can take the place of a noun.

Pronouns that take the place of singular nouns are:

I

Me

You

He

Him

She

Her

It

Pronounsthat take the place of plural nouns are:

We

Us

You

They

ThemExamples of singular pronouns are:

Michelle is pretty. Sheis pretty. / Shes pretty.

Snowis cold. It iscold. / Itscold.

Kazikis nineteen. He isnineteen. / Hesnineteen.

Examples of plural pronouns are:

Yen and Katyaare neighbours. They areneighbours.

Theyreneighbours.


10/31


10

Exercise 1

Make a list of five Do action verbs and five think action verbs in the spaces

provided below.

Do Action Verbs Think Action Verbs(Physical) (Mental)

Example:

walk think

1.____________________ ________________

2.___________________ ________________

3.___________________ ________________

4.___________________ ________________

5.___________________ ________________

Exercise 2

Make five sentences using either a Do action verb or a think action verb.

1. ______________________________________________________________

2. ______________________________________________________________

3. ______________________________________________________________

4. ______________________________________________________________

5. ______________________________________________________________

Exercise 3

Choose the correct pronoun to take the place of the underlined noun.

1. Mr. Rzewinski is another neighbour. (he, she)2. Everyday Yen goes for a walk. (they, she)

3. Frank is a baby. (it, he)

4. Monica goes to university. (she, it)

5. Yen talks to her neighbours about the weather. (he, she)

6. Monica and Mr. Rzewinski are neighbours. (it, they)


11/31

Casual Conversation

11

Part F: When do I use the verb be?

Sentenceswith the verb be describe people or things.

The verb be can have different forms:

I am

You are

He is / she is / it is

We are

They areWe use the verb bein sentences together with nouns.

Remember: nounsdescribe a person, place or thing.

Example:

Monica is a student.

(subject, noun) (verb) (noun)

She is a student.

(subject, pronoun) (verb) (noun)

We also use the verb bein sentences together with adjectives.Example:

Monica is great.

(subject, noun) (verb) (adjective)

She is great.

(subject, pronoun) (verb) (adjective)

Sometimes we put nouns and adjectivestogether in a sentence with the verb be.Example:

Monica is a great student.

(subject, noun) (verb) (adjective) (noun)

She is a great

student.

(subject, pronoun) (verb) (adjective) (noun)


12/31


12

The Verb be Statements

Table #1: Positive Statements (be)

Here are some examples of simple sentences.

Pronoun Verb be

I + amYou + areHe + isShe + is + noun (student) or adjective (great)It + isWe + areThey + are

Examples:

I am terrific.

You are pretty.

He is happy.

She is friendly.

It is a hot day.

We are fine.

They are wonderful.

Table #2: Negative Statements (be)

Here are some examples of simple sentences.

Pronoun Verb be + Not

I + am notYou + are notHe + is not

She + is not + noun (student) or adjective (great)It + is notWe + are notThey + are not


13/31

Casual Conversation

13

Examples:

I am not sad.

You arent (are not) happy.

He isnt (is not) Canadian.

She isnt (is not) cute.

It isnt (is not) a hot day.

We arent (are not) fine.

They arent (are not) friendly.

The Verb be Questions

We put the verb be before the subject to make questions.

Table #3: Questions (be)

Verb be Pronoun

Am + IAre + youIs + heIs + she + noun (student) or adjective (happy)?Is + it

Are + we

Are + theyExample:

Am I first?

Are you a Canadian?

Is he a teacher?

Is she married?

Is it hot?

Are we late?Are you Americans?

Are they citizens?


14/31


14

Exercise 1

Fill in the blanks using the verb be. Look at Table 1 and 2 for help.

Example:

Positive sentence: You ________________. You are beautiful.

Negative sentence: She ________________. She isnt happy.

1. positive sentence: You _____________

2. positive sentence: He _________________

3. negative sentence: It _________________

4. negative sentence: They _____________

5. positive sentence: We _________________6. negative sentence: You _____________

7. positive sentence: She _____________

8. negative sentence: I _________________

9. positive sentence: I _________________

10. negative sentence: We _________________

Exercise 2

Tell me about yourself. Fill in the blanks.

I am _________________________________________________________

I am not _______________________________________________________

My best friend is________________________________________________

My apartment is_________________________________________________

My apartment isnt_______________________________________________


15/31

Casual Conversation

15

Exercise 3

Write 10 sentences about different people in your family (e.g. father, mother, sister,

brother, daughter, son, grandfather, grandmother, uncle, aunt, cousins)

Use the verb be to make your sentences.

Exercise 4

Tell me the name of this famous person.

She is French Canadian.

She is very thin.

She is very famous.

She is a singer.

She is ____________________________.

Describe three famous people. Read these descriptions to your learning partner. Tell

your partner to guess the names of these people.

1.

2.

3.


16/31


16

Exercise 5

Fill in the blanks by using the verb be to make questions.

1.______________________________________________a doctor?

2.______________________________________________friends?

3.______________________________________________windy?

4.______________________________________________a nurse?

5.______________________________________________tired?

6.______________________________________________soldiers?

7.______________________________________________Tuesday?

8.______________________________________________divorced?

9.______________________________________________sleepy?

10.______________________________________________parents?

Exercise 6

Answer these questions using the verb be:

Example: Are you tired today?

Yes, I am. or No, I am not. or No, Im not.

1. Are you rich?

____________________________________________________________

2. Are you sleepy now?

____________________________________________________________3. Is your husband / wife home?

____________________________________________________________

4. Is your apartment small?

____________________________________________________________


17/31

Casual Conversation

17

5. Is English your first language?

____________________________________________________________

6. Are you tired in the morning?

____________________________________________________________

7. Is your family big?

____________________________________________________________

8. Are you busy on weekends?

____________________________________________________________

Exercise 7

Now, make some questions using the verb be. Ask your learning partner these

questions.

1. Are you_____________________________________________________?

2. Are you_____________________________________________________?

3. Are you_____________________________________________________?

4. Is__________________________________________________________?

5. Is__________________________________________________________?

6. Is__________________________________________________________?


18/31


18

Exercise 8

Ask your learning partner about his / her best friend.

Example:

Is he / she tall?

Is he / she beautiful?

Is he / she a teacher?

Is_________________________________________________________?

Is_________________________________________________________?

Is_________________________________________________________?

Is_________________________________________________________?

Is_________________________________________________________?

Is_________________________________________________________?

Is_________________________________________________________?


19/31

Casual Conversation

19

Part G: When do I use the present continuous tense?

We use present continuous to describe an action in progress. The action takes place:

now at this moment right now

Present Continuous Statements

Structure:

Subject(person or thing) + the verb be(am, is, are, am not, isnt, arent) + verb(basic form

+ ing).

I am walking

(subject) (verb be) (verb basic form + ing)

We can also add an object (dinner, movie, etc.), place(school, kitchen, etc.) and t ime(now,

at this moment, etc.) to the sentence.

or

He is cooking dinner now.

(subject) (verb be) (verb basic form + ing) (object) (time)

Remember:Spelling Rules

When a verb ends with e, we change drop the e before we add the ending.

writewriting

closeclosing

taketaking

When a verb ends with a vowel followed by a consonant, we add the same consonant to

the ing construction.

runrunning

sitsitting

getgetting


20/31


20

Table #4: Positive Statements (present continuous)

Pronoun Verb be

I + am (or Im)

You + are (or youre)

He + is (or hes)

She + is (or shes)

It + is (or its) + verb + ing (read+ing, walk+ing)

We + are (or were)

You + are (or youre)

They + are (or theyre)

Examples:

I am skating.

You are reading.

He is laughing.

She is swimming.

It is raining.

We are cooking.

You are biking.

They are sleeping.


21/31

Casual Conversation

21

Table #5: Negative Statements (present continuous)

Pronoun Verb be

I + am not (or Im not)

You + are not (or youre not)

He + is not (or hes not)

She + is not (or shes not) + verb + ing (read+ing, walk+ing)

It + is not (or its not)

We + are not (or were not)

You + are not (or youre not)

They + are not (or theyre not)

Examples:

I am not drinking.

You are not skating.

He is not writing.

She is not listening.

It is not snowing.

We are not shopping.

You are not eating.

They are not working.


22/31


22

Present Continuous Questions

We put the verb be in front of a subject to make questions.

Table #6: Questions (present continuous)

Verb be Pronoun

Am + I

Are + you

Is + he

Is + she + verb + ing (read+ing, walk+ing)

Is + it

Are + we

Are + you

Are +they

Examples:

Am I disturbing you?

Are you watching TV?

Is he helping you?

Is she sleeping?

Is it raining now?

Are we getting there?

Are they driving this car now?


23/31

Casual Conversation

23

Exercise 1

Make sentences using the verb be and the present continuous tense.

Example:

(I, take home books) I am taking home books.

1. (They, listen to language tapes)______________________________________

2. (The librarian, help Ronny) __________________________________________

3. (I, get a library card)________________________________________________

4. (You, read a magazine)_____________________________________________

5. (Juan, save money)________________________________________________


24/31


24

Exercise 2

Match each sentence with the correct picture by drawing a line.

They are walking in the park.

He is reading the newspaper.

We are watching a play.

You are listening to music.

He is eating.


25/31

Casual Conversation

25

Exercise 3

Fill in the blanks by using the correct form of the verb be and the present continuous

tense.

Example: I think am thinking about this answer.

1. They (eat)____________________________ breakfast in the kitchen now.

2. She (sing) ____________________________ a beautiful song.

3. We (sit) ____________________________ in the living room at this moment.

4. John (drive)____________________________ on a highway now.

5. Betty (not/watch)____________________________ TV now.

6. Paul and Claudio (not/play) ____________________________ soccer.

7. The weather is very nice. It isnt____________________________.

8. She (write)____________________________ a letter to a friend.

Exercise 4

Complete these sentences by adding a subject and a noun/ adjective and

object/place/time. If you need to, review Part G on page

Example: She is reading a book now.

1. watching

2. sleeping

3. driving ____

4. washing

5. listening to ____

6. dancing


26/31


26

7. playing

8. talking ____

9. eating ____

10. drinking

Exercise 5

Some of the sentences below have mistakes in them. Underline these mistakes.

1. She is watching TV in the bedroom.

2. He is riding on a bicycle.

3. Mark and Paul is playing baseball now.

4. Susan is sleeping on a sofa.

5. He is writeing a letter to his mother.

6. They are cuting the grass at this moment.

7. She are smiling at me.

8. They arent eatting dinner now.

Now, correct each sentence above and rewr i te each o ne in the space below.

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.


27/31

Casual Conversation

27

Exercise 6

Like Yen in the reading, go for a walk around your neighbourhood. Describe what you

see, who you speak to, what you hear, etc.

Example: A woman is crossing the street.A child is riding a bicycle.

Now, you write:

Exercise 7

It is Monday, 8 a.m. Tell me what is happening in your house. Use your imagination.

Example: Im watching TV.

My daughter is talking on the phone.

Write at least six sentences.


28/31


28

Exercise 8

Make questions using the verb be and the present continuous tense.

Example: (a book, now, you, read)Are you reading a book now?

1. (drink, he, in the kitchen) ______________________

2. (to the radio, listen, they, in the bedroom) ___________________

3. (my car, in his garage, repair, a mechanic) ______________________

4. (sing, she, a song) ___________________

5. (John, paint, the living room) ___________________

6. (you, sleep) ______________________

7. (have, they, a party, now) ___________________

8. (Lili, read, her daughter, to, a story) ___________________

Exercise 9

Change these sentences into questions using the verb be and the present continuous

tense.Example: We are singing loudly

Are we singing loudly?

1. They are smiling at her. ______________________

2. Rafiq is riding a bus to school. ________________

3. She is vacuuming the living room. ________________

4. He is reading a magazine. ___________________

5. They are watering the flowers. ___________________

6. The dog is barking. _________________________

7. Arafa is studying English. ___________________

8. It is snowing. ___________________________


29/31

Casual Conversation

29

Exercise 10

Some of the questions below have mistakes. Underline these mistakes.

1. Are they taking computer classes?

2. Is she jogging now?

3. Is he read a letter in the bedroom?

4. Are John playing guitar in the living room?

5. Is she taking a shower now?

6. Is they mowing the grass?

7. Is she cleaning the bathroom?

8. Are Mark and Cleo drinking beer now?

Now, correct sentences above and rewrite each one.

1. ______________________________________________________________

2. ______________________________________________________________

3. ______________________________________________________________

4. ______________________________________________________________

5. ______________________________________________________________

6. ______________________________________________________________

7. ______________________________________________________________

8. ______________________________________________________________


30/31


30

Exercise 11

Complete these questions.

1. ___________ in the kitchen?

2. ___________ she ______ ?

3. Are _______________________ ?

4. __________________ now?

5. you ________?

6. listening ________ ?

7. Is _____________________________ ?

8. he _______________________?

9. they ________________?

Exercise 12

Answer these questions about you and your family.

1. Are you wearing jeans now? _______________________

2. Is your wife / husband working now? ______________________

3. Is your radio playing a song at this moment? _______________________

4. Are you sitting now? ________________________________

5. Are you feeling tired? __________________________

6. Are you getting hungry? __________________________

7. Is your wife / husband doing something in the house? ___________________

8. Is your fridge making noises at this moment? _______________________


31/31

Casual Conversation

Exercise 13

Tell your learning partner that it is now Sunday, 11:30 a.m.

Ask your learning partner about things that he /she and his / her family members aredoing.

Example: Are you walking in a park?

Is your daughter talking on the phone?

Think of at least six questions:

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

Documents

Gramar 1 Lesson 1