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GREEN - through the Kai Tak River

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Page 1: GREEN - through the Kai Tak River

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「綠色─由啟德河開始」"GREEN – through the Kai Tak River"

策劃 Director 鄭炳鴻 Wallace Chang Ping Hung

策展人 Curator 蔡仞姿 Choi Yan Chi

聯合策展人及節目策劃 謝燕舞 Tse Yin MoCo–curator and Project Planner

研究團隊 Research Team 謝燕舞 Tse Yin Mo 蔡志厚 Thickest Choi Chi Hau 黃道顯 Wong To Hin Marta Bohlmark

工作團隊 Working Team 項目統籌 Project Coordinator

何梓埼 Kiki Ho

1a空間工作人員 1a space Working Team

方韻芝 Vangi Fong 楊華慶 Donald Yeung 張景威 Reds Cheung

翻譯 Translation

楊華慶 Donald Yeung 廖鎧熒 Rebecca Liu 黃綺妮 Natasha Wong

展覽設計 Exhibition Design

蔡仞姿 Choi Yan Chi 李永康 Li Wing Hong

其他工作人員 Others

蕭仙迪 Sindy Siu 李淑佩 Charlize Lee 黃倩怡 Stacie Wong 朱家傑 Stanley Chu

義工團隊 Volunteers

英國文化協會 “U Can” 學員 Members of “U Can” of British Council

PRESENTED BY

PARTNERS

SPONSORS

MEDIA PARTNERS

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研究報告 Research paper

Sustainability and Beyond: Green Art and the urbanizing global environment

結語 Afterword

參與者簡歷 Participators' Biographies

鳴謝 Acknowledgements

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106

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119

序 Preface

策展人語 Curatorial statement

回顧:綠色─由啟德河開始

Review : GREEN – through the Kai Tak River 簡介 Introduction 時間軸 Timeline 圖文紀錄 Documentation I. 牛棚藝術村 Cattle Depot Artist Village

II. 啟德河 Kai Tak River

III. 巡迴展覽 Tour Exhibition

「發現水。透見文化。藝術之流」 圓桌論壇 / 研討會文字紀錄

I. 圓桌論壇「文化基建與城市發展:文化起動,隱見生機」

II. 研討會「如何說綠色?」

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目錄

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7

人文景觀的再現─啓德河的啓示

鄭炳鴻 | 總策劃人

自 2007年 10月起,啓德明渠由民間組織「啓德發展民間聯席」正名為「啓德河」;自此,一個概念的改變,更新了本為排洪的明渠,成為人文景觀的河岸,誘發了地區上不同人仕的想像及回應。

一直以來,香港人對自身環境的參與大多是冷漠的,但自「屏風樓」及「皇后事件」出現後,社區對環境、保育等

的訴求有增無减,但進一步由民間自發建議或改變城市設計方向的做法,仍有待拓展;而「啓德河」的案例,自

2006年中起經歷三年的演化,從一個簡單的信念出發「利用地區的文化、宗教、綠化的現有資源,通過結合本土經濟發展可持續的城市環境」,發展而今,正一步步的趨向明確,並衍生深遠而廣泛的影響。

在過程中,社區的關注起著積極的作用,但與此同時,生態的回歸及自然的修復能力卻是遠超預期的。其中最明

顯的改變就如順口溜「河水流不再臭、啓德河魚兒多」一樣,本是極度污染的河水,因沙田污水處理廠通過處理

的二級污水,改道經啓德河流出維港,使原本如「七色彩虹」的河水經不斷的沖刷後變得清澈,而水量及水質明

顯得到改善;除了孕育出多達廿種及數以千計的魚類外,還吸引了在市區罕見的白鷺、灰鷺、夜鷺等大型雀鳥棲

息。生態的重構顯示着啓德河正健康地在自我修復中,但作為黃大仙、新蒲崗、九龍城一帶的社羣,又可以怎樣

回應自然的呼喚呢?

作為東九龍連接啓德的自然通廊,啓德河起着重現人文景觀的紐帶作用,所以在構想「啓德河水、綠、文物景

觀徑」的初期,筆者抱着積極而開放的態度,希望通過多層面的介入,與不同的組織及社區持份者協作,達至

「共構、共建、共享」的人文理想。為了牽動社羣的參與,先後以研究、展覽、講座、出版、參觀等形式推廣

「啓德河」的理念,同時亦進一步深化所涉及的技術要求及政治考慮。當中有自淺入深的公民教育,包括推動

「活水公園」的構想;亦有滲透學習環境的行動,如聯繫沿河達廿所中小學組成「區本實驗學校村」,以「通識

教育」及「另類學習經驗」為切入點,結合學校課程,通過不同的活動將社區持續發展的理念融入學習中;同時

為了讓更多社區人仕親歷啓德河,在短期內以「綠色藝術」為主題,與 1a空間合作推展一系列與生態、環保為核心的公共藝術,將啓德河轉化為兼容生態系统及文化內涵的人文景觀試點。

「人自地而生,地因人而活」這種互為因果的關係,正說明了文化生態與本土生活密不可分的共存;啓德河因一

个偶然而逃過被覆蓋的命運,令生態重臨,人文景觀再現,當中的啓示可為其他區域借鏡。一點一滴得來不易,

實有賴社區持續的耕耘,及文化策略者恆心的灌溉。

共構、共建、共享

啟德河成為「生態河」﹙ecological river﹚的轉變,表明了目前的研究計劃與設計能夠為社會帶來重大的效益。在眾多非政府組織的協作下,藝術家通過舉辦展覽和講座與社區互動,使之成為公共教育的途徑和予以市民了解

啟德河的平台。從社會的角度而言,它包括了學生和專業人士的意見,亦揉合了政府政策和實際考慮,其目的在

於喚起創造性的規劃和在社會上達致共識,從而實現「以人為本」的概念,並走向和諧社會。這個行動僅僅是下

一目標,即「共構、共建、共享」的開端,而我們要達致這個目標仍然有漫漫長路。

序 Preface

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The Rediscovery of Human Landscape – the Lesson of Kai Tak River

Wallace Chang Ping Hung | Director

Since the renaming of the Kai Tak Nullah as the "Kai Tak River" from October 2007 by the Community Alliance for Kai Tak Development, this paradigm shift has revived the sewage discharge into riverbanks of human landscape, conducing lots of imaginations and aspirations from the local community.

Hong Kong people have long been indifferent in relation to engaging with their own living environment, and since the recent emergence of 'screen buildings' and "Queen Pier incident", the requests from the community on the environment and conservation issues are ever increasing. However, further development of community–based initiatives to propose and alter urban design directions is yet to be explored. The case of Kai Tak River, after the 3–year evolution from 2006, started from the simple belief that good community design can improve living conditions, and bring forth sustainable development in the long run, and has given rise to a clearer re–appreciation of our own immediate environment that further brings forth a deeper and more extensive impact upon society.

In the process, this strategic move in relation to environmental concerns has gained tremendous support from the community, but at the same time the recovery of the ecology is much faster than expected. The river used to be an environmental nuisance, but after the Grade II water treatment from the Shatin Water Treatment Plant, the local residents are inspired to envisage the river as a lively habitat for human beings as well as wildlife. Accordingly to some unofficial statistics, more than 50 large birds, such as egrets and herons, are found to be living in the river's adjoining greenery, and over thousands of fishes of 20 species swimming in the river – an uncommon phenomenon in a highly urbanized situation. So, this unique habitat provides an invaluable opportunity for the public to learn how nature works within the urban environment, but how should the communities of Wong Tai Sin, San Po Kwong and Kowloon City respond to this change?

As a natural corridor penetrating the districts of East Kowloon, the Kai Tak River hinges on the rediscovery of human landscape, thus, in the initial proposal of "The Kai Tak River Water · Green · Heritage Trail" the author is holding a positive and open attitude towards the involvement of multi–level collaboration with different organizations and stakeholders from the community to attain a humanistic ideal of "planning together, building together and sharing together". In order to initiate the community's engagement, there are activities such as research, exhibitions, seminars, publication and visits, to propagate the "Kai Tak River"

concept meanwhile further investigations on technical aspects and political considerations are taken into account. Among these public education programs, they include the proposal for a "living water park", the penetration into the learning environment through the alliance of over 20 schools along the river to form the "district–base school village" and the integration of the concept of community sustainability into the academic curriculum through the intervention of "liberal studies' and "other learning experiences'. Also, to allow more people from the community to experience the Kai Tak River, in the short run, 1a space will collaborate in the theme of "Green Art" to promote a series of public artworks relating to ecology and the environment. It is meant to transform the Kai Tak River into a testing ground for human landscape embracing both ecological systems and cultural contents.

"Man is grown from the Earth, and the Earth is enlivened by Man". This inter–dependent relationship illustrates the seamless co–existence of cultural ecology and local living. Incidentally the Kai Tak River has escaped from being covered, thus inviting the recovery of ecology and the rediscovery of human landscape. The lesson can be shared with other districts, but what learned is by no means easy and on the further cultivation of the communities and the continuous irrigation of cultural policy makers.

Plan Together, Build Together, Share Together

The transformation of the Kai Tak River into an ecological river has shown that the ongoing research and design of the project can bring significant benefits to the community. And by engaging a multitude of NGOs and artists through exhibitions and seminars as means of community interaction, it is meant to bring forth the platform for public education by means of the Kai Tak River. Starting from the community point of view, with the ideas from students and professionals, in combination with government policy and practical considerations, it is intended to evoke creative planning and achieve consensus in society, thus, realizing the "people–oriented" concept towards a harmonious society. The act is just the beginning towards the next goal – "Plan Together, Build Together, Share Together", and the way is still afar.

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藉著一條活水的誕生,去洗滌彊化了的市建目標?

蔡仞姿

舊啟德,新啟德

舊啟德機場附近是九龍城、土瓜灣及新浦崗區,夾雜著住宅、街市、小商廈與工厦。記憶所及,在回歸前後,乘

巴士由土瓜灣沿舊啟德外圍到九龍城,我們會見到一塊方形大石,困在只有數十米的宋皇臺公園。年少時每經

過這片奇怪的小公園,腦海便會浮現一點歷史幽思。除此之外,土瓜灣還有一處不大為人知的小地方,就是海心

廟公園,那是一個在九龍城碼頭附近,離岸只有數十米的小島,島上只有小廟一座,但那處是附近小學學生以往

秋季旅行常去之地。原來,海心廟現在仍在,今次的主導人鄭炳鴻更指出,這處是很有保留價值的,因為它是九

龍半島現存唯一的自然海岸線,聯繫著歷史與生態環境的地標。

九龍城與土瓜灣的社區發展深受舊機場的影響。因為飛機升降的關係,舊機場附近一帶的樓宇都有嚴格的高度

限制,所以這些區域的發展一直都追不上其他區域,於是 50、60年代甚或更早年代的樓宇,都被保存了下來。每有朋友邀約相聚,我都會有意無意間帶他們到九龍城,因為這處仍是一個舒適的步行區,存在著不少有地區趣

味的活地標。要是從衙前圍道九龍塘尾起行,我們仿然進入了舊粵語片年代的氛圍,那裡仍有一幢幢附著走馬

騎樓﹙即大露台﹚的花園洋房,是頗有型格的上世紀建築物,亦是當年的豪宅;而九龍城街市一帶的街道,更是

老街坊與「潮人」鍾愛的飲食天地。但我更愛的是那些傳统的老茶莊、舊醬院及掛滿山珍海味的潮州雜貨鋪,沉

積著時間與歷史的生活誌。

這次項目的主導人鄭炳鴻與我剛巧都曾是這一帶的街坊,他於衙前圍村與鄰近啟德機場的地方長大。啟德明渠

被救活為啟德河,是令很多人感到興奮的保育項目。尤其當站在河面,見到河中過百條河魚、兩岸灌木叢林青

葱、有大隻候鳥傲岸飛翔,煞時我也仿彿多吸了好幾口清新的空氣,心情豁然開朗。我們能否藉著一條活水的誕

生,去洗滌彊化了的市建目標,並活化出一些創新的社區保育思維?

城規會己宣告了新啟德的發展藍圖,在這大規模的市建計劃中,鄭炳鴻與他的研究隊己向當局建議,從啟德河

開始騰出一片天地,將一些還未被抹煞的歷史遺踪,充滿質感的社羣生活,同樣保留下來,涓流不息地樂活下

去。城市生活需要的正是這些空間,有世俗色彩的生活趣味、可閒逛的社區環境……可惜它們己一片片地在香

港消失。

「綠色─由啟德河開始」是1a空間新的藝術討論點。對綠色藝術這課題,我雖然還未有深刻的體會,但以下幾句話或可以是一個引子:

"Art has the potential to awaken our feelings…A love of nature and intelligent ideas can call for change…Change requires giving up old ways, which can be painful."

環保行動會是一個迫切的大運動,大家尋找的都是一些讓人與大地可持續共存的方法。如何令一眾人羣醒覺與

接受改變,藝術或可幫上一把。憑藉藝術可引發另類思維以及別樹一幟的觀點,營造開放的空間,予人仔細地思

考及對事物產生同感心,那便是綠色運動最需要的心靈。

策 展 人 語 Curatorial statement

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Wallace and I happened to be part of this neighborhood. He grew up near Nga Tsin Wai Village and Old Kai Tak Airport. To many, the conservation project reviving the Kai Tak nullah is an exciting one. The feeling is especially true when you stand in front of the river, looking over hundreds of fresh water fish swimming fast, competing with each other to reach the sea, migratory birds appear from bushes along the banks, and a host of other subtle yet striking natural scenes. I cannot help but breathe in a few more mouthfuls of fresh air, feeling almost blissful. Can a thriving river enlighten the archaic rules of urban renewal? How can we nurture creative mindsets for community conservation?

The Town Planning Board has already set out the development blue print for New Kai Tak. Wallace and his research team are participating in this large scale urban renewal project by putting forward propositions to the government. They propose the creation of a new space using the Kai Tak river as a starting point. The space is important to our dynamic community which has survived the past, and hopefully the future. This is what a city needs in order to be alive: spaces with local flavor and spaces for strolling. It is unfortunate that these spaces are disappearing one by one.

"GREEN – through the Kai Tak River" is a new focal point of discussion for 1a space. I have yet to fully experience what green art has to offer, however, the extract below can be an interesting place to start:

"Art has the potential to awaken our feelings…A love of nature and intelligent ideas can call for change…Change requires giving up old ways, which can be painful."

Environmental protection is an urgent challenge. What we are striving for is a sustainable balance between man and nature. Another challenge lies in how can we awaken people and prepare them to accept changes? Art can be the answer. Art promotes alternative and open mindsets. Art compels you to think meticulously and nurture empathy. These are human qualities that are sought after in any green campaigner.

Thriving River Enlightens

the Archaic Rule of Urban Renewal?

Choi Yan Chi

OLD KAI TAK , NEW KAI TAK

The old Kai Tak Airport lies close to the districts of Kowloon City, To Kwa Wan and San Po Kong, which literally means it is surrounded by a medley of wet markets, neighborhoods, commercial and small–scale factory buildings. If you set off from To Kwa Wan to Sung Wong Toi Garden along the periphery of Old Kai Tak – as far as I recall – you will set eyes on a massive rectangular stone. The stele was erected in a tiny garden of no more than a hundred meters. In my early youth, remote thoughts of this historical past would get the better of me – every time I passed by this curious little park. There is a place in To Kwa Wan which is little known to the public: Hoi Sham Park. Hoi Sham Park is adjacent to the Kowloon City Ferry Pier. It is built on an island less than a hundred meters offshore. It is such a tiny island that it is as though the temple (Hoi Sham Temple) is the only building it can accommodate. Hoi Sham Park in these days used to be a popular choice for primary school autumn picnics. Today, we can still find the same Hoi Sham Temple in Hoi Sham Park. The project's director, Wallace Chang Ping Hung , has pointed out that the area possesses a high conservation value. It is known to be the last natural coastline in the Kowloon Peninsula, enjoying both historical and ecological importance.

Kowloon City and To Kwa Wan are old districts with a flair of charisma, partly indebted to the Old Kai Tak Airport. For safe take–off and landing, buildings around the old airport had been subject to height restrictions and underdevelopment. Buildings from the 50s, 60s, or even older, remained untouched by developers. Whenever there are gatherings with friends, I always, either consciously or unconsciously, bring them to Kowloon City. As of today, it is still an ideal place for strolling. It is so full of interesting “living” landmarks. If you start by strolling down Nga Tsin Wai Road (the farthest end of Kowloon Tong), you will gradually find yourself trespassing upon scenes from a classic Cantonese movie. There are still garden houses with curved balconies, which represent the architectural signature style of the last century. Many of those were once luxury houses. Streets around the Kowloon City wet market are popular eating places for regular customers from the neighborhood and fashionable people. Old tea houses, sauce and pickles shops, chao zhou grocery stores strung with bundles of culinary herbs and dried seafood remain my favorites. They are little books that record history, time and life.

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回顧:綠色─由啟德河開始Review : GREEN – through the Kai Tak River

展覽 / 論壇 / 研討會 / 在地裝置 / 在地展演 / 風車節 / 工作坊 / 巡迴展覽

Exhibition / Forum / Seminar / On–site Installation / On–site Performance /

Windmill Festival / Workshop / Tour Exhibition

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Foreword

Director: Wallace Chang Ping Hung

Curator: Choi Yan Chi

Co–curator and Project Planner: Tse Yin Mo

1a space is pleased to announce its participation in the Kai Tak River Project, an ongoing multi–disciplinary project that builds upon the successful environmental rehabilitation of the "Kai Tak River", formerly known as the Kai Tak Open Nullah.

The 3 kilometer–long Kai Tak River is the longest waterway in East Kowloon and runs through some of Hong Kong's oldest districts including Wong Tai Sin and Kowloon City. Recent efforts by the Environmental Protection Department have successfully transformed the nullah, formerly polluted by industrial discharge from factories and untreated domestic sewage, into a natural habitat populated by growing numbers of freshwater fish and birds. The Kai Tak River Project began in 2006 and has been shaped by the participation of the different groups, including community groups such as the Community Alliance of Kai Tak Development, local schools and the Department of Architecture of the Chinese University of Hong Kong which undertook a research project led by Professor Wallace Chang Ping Hung. The Kai Tak Project underscores how shared environmental concerns can stimulate community development.

Looking at how art can become part of this process of sustainability and community development, 1a space had held a series of exhibitions, performances, forums, talks, community programmes, workshops and a tour exhibition from Oct 2009 to July 2011, which widely aroused attention and discussion of "Kai Tak River" from the public.

前言

總策劃:鄭炳鴻

策展人:蔡仞姿

聯合策展人及節目策劃:謝燕舞

生態環境是全球關注的議題,而香港稠密的城市發展,

早已步入臨界點。最 近,啟德河保育 項目取得 初步成

功,1a空間亦於2009年成為此項目的支持機構之一。

2007年正式被命名為「啟德河」的啟德明渠,長約 3公里,是東九龍區內最長的一條水道,它貫穿了香港其中

兩個歷史最悠久的舊城區─黃大仙及九龍城。這條被

工業及家居污水嚴重污染達幾十年的水道,經過渠務處

進行水質淨化工程後,漸漸回復到昔日的勃勃生機,而

這個轉變僅歷經了幾年。

自 2006年開始,經由香港中文大學建築學院副教授鄭炳鴻倡導、啟德發展民間聯席合力推動,「啟德河水道文

化」研究計劃及綠色城市保育的建議遂得以展開。幾年

來,多個民間團體、社區組織及學校均熱切響應及參與

了此項計劃。啟德河讓我們重新認知「河」與我們所愛

的城市,以及「河」與人共生的一體關係。而這正是我們

一直忽略了的大自然與人、人與土地的共生 /共存關係。

「綠色─由啟德河開始」是以歷經兩年的啟德河研究

為基礎,進而思考何謂人文景觀的建立及如何被呈現的

問題,如藝術如何成為社區持久發展的楔子、如何能引

發對人與自然依存關係的深度反思等。由 2009年下旬至2010年 7月,1a空間舉辦了一系列展覽、講座、表演、社區互動項目、工作坊及巡迴展覽,引起各界對「啟德河」的

廣泛關注及討論。

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時間軸 Timeline

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20 21

開幕嘉賓

﹙左起﹚鄭炳鴻教授、林文輝太平紳士﹙黃大仙區區議員、啟德發展民間聯席副主席﹚、

陳健光先生﹙渠務署署理助理署長│設計拓展﹚、向玉璽先生﹙前土木工程拓展署│九龍拓展處代表﹚及蔡仞姿女士

Opening Guests( F r o m l e f t ) P r o f . W a l l a c e C h a n g P i n g H u n g ,

M r. L a m M a n Fa i , J P ( W o n g Ta i S i n D i s t r i c t C o u n c i l o r , V i c e – c h a i r m a n o f C o m m u n i t y A l l i a n c e o f K a i Ta k D e v e l o p m e n t ) ,

M r . K K C h a n ( A s s i s t a n t D i r e c t o r A t g . , P r o j e c t s & D e v e l o p m e n t , D S D ) ,

M r . N o r m a n H e u n g ( F o r m e r R e p r e s e n t a t i v e , K o w l o o n D e v e l o p m e n t O f f i c e , C E D D ) a n d M s . C h o i Ya n C h i

開幕講座:啟德河的故事

講者:鄭炳鴻、林文輝太平紳士

'story of Kai Tak River” Opening TalkS p e a k e r s : W a l l a c e C h a n g P i n g H u n g , M r . L a m M a n Fa i , J P

開幕典禮 Opening Ceremony | 2009.10.10展覽「綠色─由啟德河開始」

Exhibition "GREEN – through the Kai Tak River" 2009.10.11 – 2009.12.13 | 1a 空間 1a space

參展藝術家:卡邦尼、鄭炳鴻與Marta Bohlmark、蔡仞姿、麥海珊及譚偉平

是次展出的作品都著重觸覺的提升,深度聆聽、想像、細看,以細緻的感觸帶引思考與關懷。展覽中有啓德河區

聲音風景﹙soundscape﹚的重構,引發深度觀看的裝置,與河對話,活化社區的提案與演出,還有就是「河故事」的展現。

「綠色─由啟德河開始」是一個延續進行的項目。是次展覧並不展示己完成的藝術品,而是一連串藝術家對啟

德河公共藝術的構思。

Participating Artists: Alessandro Carboni, Wallace Chang Ping Hung & Marta Bohlmark, Choi Yan Chi, Anson Mak Hoi Shan and Lukas Tam Wai Ping

The works in this exhibition focus on heightening our senses; deep listening, meditative viewing, and visualization to bring forth contemplation. There is a re‐staging of Kai Tak River soundscape and installations that lead one to experience other types of watching and viewing in the exhibition. Dialogue with the rivers, reenacting of proposals for revitalizing communities' development and the presentation of the story of Kai Tak River is also be part of the program.

“GREEN – through the Kai Tak River” is a sustainable initiative which welcomes cross–disciplinary participation. The exhibition didn"t show finished artwork; On the contrary, it showcased several public art project proposals developed towards the Kai Tak River Project.

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啓德河 – 生態失憶下的文化復甦

混合媒介

Kai Tak River – a cultural recovery from eco–amnesiaMixed Media

2009

鄭炳鴻 & Marta Bohlmark

啟德河─生態失憶下的文化復甦

生活尋求表達,而表達的方式則往往超出我們的預期。自 2007年 9月30日重新命名後,啟德河的生態復甦令我們感到驚喜。兩年來,我們的年歲略為增長,縱使以時間劃界顯得有些武斷,

然而生命的流動已經發芽成能夠觸動我們內心意識的形式。問

題是:為什麼這個長期被遺忘的真相一直被隱藏著?

當魚兒於曾被污染的河道重溯先祖的游動軌跡;又當鳥兒再追

溯飛行的路徑曾被航空交通干擾,無論可見與否,一個地方總

有座標讓上述流動得以維繫。

Wallace Chang Ping Hung & Marta Bohlmark

Kai Tak River – a cultural recovery from eco–amnesia

Where life is seeking expression, it often takes forms beyond our expectations. The revived ecology in the Kai Tak River surprised us after its renaming on 30 Sept 2007. Though the time demarcation seems arbitrary, for two years we have slightly aged, yet its flow of lives has already germinated tangible forms touching our inner consciousness. Why is this long–forgotten truth so hidden?

When fishes follow their ancestors' navigation routes to watercourses that were once polluted, when birds re–trace their flight paths that were once disturbed by the aviation traffic, there must be a datum in place to anchor the flows, be it visible or not.

藝術家語 Artist statement

Cattle Depot Artist Village 牛棚藝術村

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24 25

光點

混合媒介

LightMixed Media

2009

藝術家語 Artist statement

譚偉平

光點

人們安於平凡的生活,安妥變為習慣,習慣後變得麻木。

生活浸透著無力感,讓人不知就裡接受了一切。

藝術家沒有能力改變現實環境,同樣居民沒有權力規劃他們的

居住環境,而當官的也沒有必要改變日常的運作模式,如此,

我們接受了現實的一切。但事情可以不是這樣的,政府的城規

政策朝著「以人為本」而改變,居民透過建立社區組織反映生

活意願,而藝術家能為社區帶來不一樣的想像。

藝術的價值在於脫離現實的常軌,創造生活以外的想像,這樣

才能改變現實的一切。

Tam Wai Ping

Light

I f one is contented with a l ife of mediocrity, it can become a habit. One begins to feel the numbness of l ife. Life is taken over by helplessness. Without knowing a thing, one just gets used to it.

Artists do not have the power to change the physical reality. Residents do not have the power to change their living environment. For politicians, they do not find it necessary to change the daily operation. We totally accept the reality. However, things can be different. The government's policy of urban planning should be human–based. Residents should be able to decide their preferences in life through establishing community organizations. Artists should be able to bring new imagination to the community.

The value of art lies in its freedom to detach from reality, and its ability to create imagination that is beyond life. Only then can we change reality.

Cattle Depot Artist Village 牛棚藝術村

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靜室觀照

錄像定格

Imitation of Camera ObscuraStill from video

2009

藝術家語 Artist statement

蔡仞姿

靜室觀照

趟開心靈,仔細的思考與關懷是綠色運動最需要的態度。

我採用 Camera Obscura 的原理,在河邊製作一間靜室,讓人進入,提供一個靜觀的環境,思考我、自然與世界,敏銳地感知著

陽光、空氣、水和週遭的變化,跟繁喧的馬路只隔咫尺,便見到

大鳥棲息,游魚湧動,景像就是訊息,它會引入多重觸覺與思

考。

Choi Yan Chi

Imitation of Camera Obscura

Having an open mindset, being able to think meticulously and show one's care are impor tant qualities for any green campaigner.

Applying the techniques of Camera Obscura, I attempt to create a meditation room at the river bank. Visitors who enter the room will enjoy moments of tranquility and opportunities to reflect upon the self, nature and the world. Just inches from the hustle and bustle street, one can still experience the sunlight, air, water and every transient change within nature. Birds resting, schools of fish passing by…The message is in our nature.

My artwork aims to stimulate the audience's senses and perception at different levels.

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聲音沉思練習二:啓德河

混合媒介聲音裝置

Sonic Meditation Exercise II: Kai Tak RiverMixed media sound installation

2009

Anson Mak Hoi Shan

Sonic Meditation Exercise II: Kai Tak River

When we have our ears open and are sensitive to sonic space, WE REALIZE. Our minds will be broadened, and hence the world will be different.

As a phonographer, I always hope there is more effort paid to soundscape studies as part of urban design (public domain) and Hong Kong contemporary art. At a personal level, awareness of sonic qualities of space/place is also a culturally audible revisit to ourselves (private domain) as well as to our city, Hong Kong.

We are so used to seeing and visual perception is primary to ways of listening. The unseeable is very often ignored. For example, in the recent environmental assessment report written by “paid professionals" for the new railway system that will cut across our valuable farmland in western New Territories – issues of noise and underground water are not examined closely. Saving our farmlands is as important as restoring the Kai Tak River.

Areas along the Kai Tak River, audibly, range from green and quiet secondary schools' campus environment to shockingly noisy roadside. Can the sounds of the river, pertinent to its spatial qualities (or can the spatial qualities be CHANGED if it is not good enough), help the community in any way by reducing noise pollution?

This work tries to deal with listening, and works around sonic space specifically regarding traffic noise/street noise, which endemic to Hong Kong. From the meditative set up and the medium specificity of the audio equipments that go together with the contrasting soundscape (traffic noise and running water sound of the river), I hope, more attention is given to our perception of sound as an essence of our way of thinking, as well as our way of living within a space which is to a large extent shaped by administrators, urban designers and architects.

麥海珊

聲音沉思練習二:啓德河

當我們張開耳朵,和對聲音空間敏感,我們領悟。

那,我們的腦袋開闊了,世界也就不一樣。

作為一個田野錄音的聲音藝術家,我一直希望有更多的推動力

讓音景研究成為城市設計﹙公共場域﹚和香港當代藝術的一部

分。在個人層面上﹙個人場域﹚,於聲音空間 /地方的察覺;亦

是對自己以至於我們的城市─香港的文化重遊。

我們都習慣去「看」,視覺感知是主要的,而聽覺是次要的。

看不見的東西往往會被忽略。正如最近一個「專業人士」所做

的有關貫穿我們寶貴的新界西耕地的新鐵路系統環境評估報

告,噪音和地下水的問題均未得到仔細研究。事實上,挽救我

們的耕地與活化啟德河同等重要。

聽覺上,啟德河的沿水道地區,涵蓋了綠化且安靜的中學校園

環境及嘈雜得要命的馬路。那麼有關河流空間特質的聲音能

否以任何一種方式幫助社區呢?﹙又或如果空間特質不夠好的

話,它能否得到改變?﹚

這個作品嘗試去處理﹙領悟﹚聽覺方法,和聲音空間,尤其是就

著香港十分普遍的交通噪音/街道噪音。透過沉思性的裝設和

音響設備的媒體獨特性,呈現對比的音景﹙交通噪音和河流水

聲﹚,我希望大眾能更關注聲音感知是我們的思考方式、以至

於生活方式的重要部分,而生活方式裡關於空間的部份,很大

程度是被行政人員、城市設計師和建築師所塑造。

藝術家語 Artist statement

Cattle Depot Artist Village 牛棚藝術村

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重疊離散的邊界。

根據我的個人地理觀,

重新繪製啓德河的地圖。

錄像,高清,11分鐘,彩色

Overlapping discrete boundaries. Re–mapping Kaitak River,

Hong Kong according to my personal geography. Video, HD, 11 min, color

2009

Alessandro Carboni

Overlapping discrete boundaries.

Re–mapping Kaitak River,

Hong Kong according to my personal geography.

Today each individual's creativity and presence? Should be expressed throughout ar t making process related to environment issues. Green Ar t could be an essential, f inite and irreplaceable l ink between the past and the future of our society.

Alessandro Carboni is an Italian multidisciplinary artist and teacher who divides his efforts between different art disciplines. For several years now, Carboni has been working on creating a new methodology for urban analysis and performance, which combines elements of choreography, mathematics and system theory. Recently, Alessandro Carboni has been working in Hong Kong focusing his research on Nga Tsin Wai village. Taking this as a point of departure, Carboni has been examining local disappearing urban spaces, which overlap with several discrete boundaries within Kai Tak River, Kowloon Walled City and To Kwa Wan.

卡邦尼

重疊離散的邊界。

根據我的個人地理觀,

重新繪製啓德河的地圖。

今天每個個體的創造力及展示,均可以透過有關對環境議題的

藝術創作過程來表達。綠色藝術可能是我們社會的過去和未來

之間必要的、有限的和不可替代的聯繫。

卡邦尼﹙Alessandro Carboni﹚是意大利多媒體藝術家及教師,致力發展各類藝術創作。過去數年,卡邦尼一直致力為城市研究

及表演建立一套新的分析方法,當中揉合了編舞、數理及系統

理論。最近,卡邦尼一直在香港工作,他的研究集中於衙前圍

村。以此為出發點,卡邦尼研究了啟德河、九龍寨城和土瓜灣

這幾個不連續邊界內的消失中的都市空間。

藝術家語 Artist statement

Cattle Depot Artist Village 牛棚藝術村

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專訪李求恩紀念中學 : 賴炳華校長、陳裕能老師

An interview of Lee Kau Yan Memorial School : Principal, Mr. Jonaphan Lai and Mr. Chan Yu Nang

2009. 8. 27

其他展品 Other Artworks

「綠色─由啓德河開始」研究資料冊

研究團隊:謝燕舞、蔡志厚、王道顯及 Marta Bohlmark

"GREEN – through the Kai Tak River" Research BookletsResearch Team: Tse Yin Mo, Thickest Choi, Wong To Hin and Marta Bohlmark

「風車節 2009」活動紀錄

“Windmill Festival 2009” Documentation

Cattle Depot Artist Village 牛棚藝術村

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﹙左起﹚蔡仞姿、陳冠中、李照興、陳婉嫻、鄭炳鴻、朗天

(From left) Choi Yan Chi, Chan Koon Chung, Bono Lee Chiu Hing, Chan Yuen Han, Wallace Chang Ping Hung, Long Tin

﹙牛棚藝術節協會與 1 a 空間合辦﹚

﹙ Jointly presented by Cattle Depot Art Festival Association and 1a space ﹚

圓桌論壇「文化基建與城市發展:文化起動,隱見生機」Roundtable Forum "City Planning and the Cultural Landscape"2009.10.31 | 18:00 – 20:00 | 前進進牛棚劇場 Cattle Depot Theatre

主持:蔡仞姿

講者:陳冠中、陳婉嫻、鄭炳鴻及李照興

評論:朗天

近年香港人開始留意城市規劃、舊區重建政策與及環保問題,顯示出我城文化正在更生與轉變。藉著啟德河活

水的誕生,牛棚藝術節協會與 1a空間邀請了數位重量級文化評論人,對人文內涵與城市建設作深度思考,甚至作一些具體與前瞻性的提議,若能影響未來發展規劃上的微調,我城文化生活大可活出一片新天地。香港的起

居生活與城市發展有密不可分的關係,而文化就是人與地互相孕育而成。重新建立人與地持續互動的關係、注

入藝術文化的關注,城市的可居性自然會提升,而精神素質的孕育亦將能減低中環價值與石屎深林的枯燥與貧

乏。

Moderator: Choi Yan Chi

Speakers: Chan Koon Chung, Chan Yuen Han, Wallace Chang Ping Hung and Bono Lee Chiu Hing

Commentator: Long Tin

The Roundtable Forum focused on the discussion of the development of cultural infrastructure and city planning. Taking into account how everyday life in Hong Kong is inseparable from urban development, the forum considered and discussed the prospect of re‐establishing a long‐lasting interactive relationship between people and the land and the infusion of this relationship with arts and culture in order to improve the habitability of our city.

Cattle Depot Artist Village 牛棚藝術村

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﹙左起﹚譚偉平、黃淑琪、伍韶勁、許日銓、李苑汶、蔡仞姿、彭倩幗、陳育強、鄭炳鴻

(From left) Tam Wai Ping, Ki Wong, Kingsley Ng, Alexander Hui Yat Chuen, Annabella Li Yuen Man, Choi Yan Chi, Beatrix Pang, Kurt Chan Yuk Keung, Wallace Chang Ping Hung

﹙牛棚藝術節協會與 1 a 空間合辦﹚

﹙ Jointly presented by Cattle Depot Art Festival Association and 1a space ﹚

研討會「如何說綠色?」 Seminar "How to say GREEN?" 2009.12.05 | 17:00 – 19:00 | 1a 空間 1a space

主持:蔡仞姿

講者:陳育強、許日銓、李苑汶、伍韶勁、彭倩幗 *、譚偉平及黃淑琪 *

評論:鄭炳鴻

* 彭倩幗及黃淑琪為《咔》攝影文化誌的代表

「如何說綠色?」是論壇「文化基建與城市發展」的延續。研討的主題從城市發展的討論,聚焦至藝術作為行動

的可行性與可能性。各参與的藝術家都曾於公共場域及社區羣眾間進行過不同形態的創作,是次討論會從藝術

的介入,去思考藝術與保育、藝術對社區文化的牽引等等議題……是一趟經驗的交流與創意互動的分享。研討

會以小組討論形式進行。

Moderator: Choi Yan Chi

Speakers: Kurt Chan Yuk Keung, Alexander Hui Yat Chuen, Annabella Li Yuen Man,

Kingsley Ng, Beatrix Pang*,Tam Wai Ping and Ki Wong*

Commentator: Wallace Chang Ping Hung

* Beatrix Pang and Ki Wong are the representatives of "KLACK" Photography & Culture Magazine

“How to say Green?” is an extended inquiry of the roundtable forum. The theme of the seminar revolved around the possibilities of the arts as a prescription for city development. The forum is an art discussion probing into subjects of art, conservation and communities. It is an exchange of experiences and creative ideas by participating artists who were engaging in different forms of art creation at public spaces including various communities. The seminar took place in the form of group discussion.

有關圓桌論壇及研討會的文字紀錄,可參閱本刊第 6 6 頁至 8 8 頁

F o r t h e t r a n s c r i p t s , p l e a s e g o t o p . 6 6 – p . 8 8

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在地藝術裝置「航線」On–site Installation "route"

2009.04.12 | 黃大仙啓德河畔 Kai Tak River, Wong Tai Sin

藝術團體:亞域‧呀

「亞域‧呀」於啓德河畔設置如飛行棋般的互動藝術裝置,並在棋盤內放置有關啟德河及附近景點的資訊,如當

地的趣聞、故事、發展及變遷等。

作品 意 念

你有留意每天經過的地方嗎?這裡是否和別的地方一樣?那麼,我們即將帶你重新遊歷你常到的地方。請閉上雙

眼,想像自己即將踏上一次全新的旅程,行走於一條全新的「航線」。

沿「航線」走,你會穿梭啟德河附近景點,只要帶著歡樂的心情,就會到達一個新奇有趣的地方。

把啟德河附近的舊建築 /建設構想成地圖上的景點,點與點相連成一條有機的「航線」,把啟德河至舊機場緊扣

起來。「航線」除為了加深居民對社區的了解,同時亦重新探索空間的潛在用途,並以遊戲來帶動出社區的氣

氛,喚起各界關注啟德河這公共空間發展的可能性。

Art Group: ARE.A

Located next to the Kai Tak River, an interactive airplane chess game is designed to show information of the neighborhood's attractions with an introduction, news, stories, and the history of our community. ARE.A aims to let everyone to participate in this well–known game while memorializing Kai Tak River.

Concept

How you ever noticed the places you pass by every day? Are they the same or different from each other? Voila! Let us take you back to one familiar place and give you a whole new experience. Now, close your eyes. Imagine you are setting off to a new journey, taking off on a new course.

Following the “route”, you are about to shuttle down the Kai Tak River. With a jovial spirit, you are destined to reach somewhere curious and interesting.

Our organic "route" links up old buildings and attractions around Kai Tak River and the old airport. The journey brings closer ties between the residents. Through games and art activities, we attempt to enrich the amicable atmosphere of the neighborhood, and to explore the potential use of public spaces along the Kai Tak River.

Kai

Tak

Riv

er啟德河

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在地表演 On–site Performance "Optimized System of City Paths"

2009.11.01 | 16:30 – 18:30

黃大仙啓德河畔﹙黃大仙東光道,近衙前圍村段﹚

Tung Kwong Road, Wong Tai Sin, near Nga Tsin Wai Village in Kai Tak River District

藝術家:卡邦尼

今天每個個體的創造力及展示,均可以透過有關對環境議題的藝術創作過程來表達。綠色藝術可能是我們社會

的過去和未來之間必要的、有限的和不可替代的聯繫。

由卡邦尼再次擔綱,在名為Optimized System of City Paths的活動上,卡邦尼把海鹽由衙前圍村不斷搬運及散布於黃大仙啓德河畔的不同位置,從而象徵性地勾勒出衙前圍村以往賴以鹽田為生的邊界。這次展演歷時近 3小時,所演之處不但引來途人圍觀,更重要的是引起居民發問,從而藉此導引更多居民認識地區史。

Artist: Alessandro Carboni

Today each individual's creativity and presence should be expressed throughout the art making process related to environment issues. Green Art can be an essential, finite and irreplaceable link between the past and the future of our society.

Within nearly 3 hours, Italian artist Alessandro Carboni spread sea salt from Nga Tsin Wai Village to different spots along Kai Tak Riverside. This exercise was done in order to symbolically outline the border of the salt pans, which used to be the main money making business for the village in the past. In each place he passed through, pedestrians stopped and watched, and more importantly, these residents raised questions about the performance, and as a result they were able to further understand the local area's history.

Kai Tak River 啟德河

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開幕禮 Opening Ceremony | 2009.11.14

開幕嘉實:﹙左起﹚鄭炳鴻教授、陳婉嫻女士、吳慧英女士

Opening Guests: (From left) Prof. Wallace Chang Ping Hung, Ms. Chan Yuen Han, Ms. Ng Wai Ying

風車節 2009 Windmill Festival 20092009.11.14 – 2009.11.16

黃大仙啓德河畔 Kai Tak River, Wong Tai Sin

藝術團體:FORMLESS

「風車節 2009」包括工作坊及環保風車設計比賽。工作坊於2009年 10月舉行,主要教授如何使用再生物料製作風車,並得到不少中、小學生的踴躍參與。同時,環保風車設計比賽亦於10月舉辦,分為學校組及公開組進行。部分得獎及經選定的參賽作品則於「風車節 2009」﹙11月14至16日﹚在啟德河畔展出。

Art Group: FORMLESS

"Windmill Festival 2009" is a major community interactive project which includes a workshop, competition and exhibition. The green windmill‐making workshop took place in October of 2009 and taught participants to use recycled materials for art and windmill–making. Followed by a green windmill design competition, the shortlisted designs were displayed in the Festival.

Kai Tak River 啟德河

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在地裝置 On–site Installation

環保風車設計比賽─ 作品展示

Green Windmill Design Competition – Work Exhibition

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流動風景 Moving Landscape

風之鯉 Wind Cyprinoid

在地裝置 On–site Installation

( 左 ) 流動風景 (Left) Moving Landscape | ( 右 ) 風之鯉 (Right) Wind Cyprinoid

在地裝置 On–site Installation

綠色風車裝置 Green Windmill Installation

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環保風車設計比賽─得獎作品證書頒發

Green Windmill Design Competition – Certificate–giving ceremony

風車製作攤位 Windmill–marking booth

Kai Tak River 啟德河

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環保風車製作工作坊 Green Windmill–making Workshop | 2009.10.11

東九龍居民委員會總辦事處 East Kowloon District Residents' Committee Headquarter

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卡邦尼帶領參加者遊歷衙前圍村,透過收集各種資料,包括錄像、聲音、相片及衛星定位等,藉對城市作全新的

分析。工作坊以英語進行。

During the workshop, participants were invited to walk and stroll around Nga Tsin Wai village. On the one hand participants collected urban energies and tensions of around Nga Tsin Wai Village through practical exploration of the overlapping urban are, on the other we used the collected materials (video, audio, body, technology and geo–locative: GPS) to build up a new way of analysing the urban space. The workshop was conducted in English.

「綠色─由啟德河開始」藝術工作坊Workshop "GREEN – through the Kai Tak River"

工作坊分成兩節進行,並邀請了三位本地及海外的藝術家作導師,帶領參加者以不同的藝術手法於「啟德河」進

行在地創作,藉此讓參加者以多角度認識「啟德河」,及發現其多種可能性。參加者於工作坊所創作的作品更於

及後的學校巡迴展覽中展出。

The Workshop was divided into two sessions. Artists led participants to create on–site artwork through different art forms. Through the workshops, participants explored possibilities of "Kai Tak River" as well as enhanced their understanding of the river. The artworks of the participants were exhibited in the school tour exhibition.

Overlapping Discrete Boundaries2010.03.30 | 16:00 – 18:00 | 黃 大仙 衙 前 圍 村 Nga Tsin Wai Village, Wong Tai Sin

藝術家:卡邦尼

此工作坊是藝術家於2009年的研究項目─「燃‧滅平台 #8:香港─從客觀地域到勾勒個人領土」的延伸。卡邦尼

特別注意到小城區如何因城市規劃而改變,並以本地碩果僅存的村落─衙前圍村作為基礎,把周邊的啟德河、九

龍城寨及土瓜灣一併納入研究對象之內。透過資料搜集、與本地學者及圍村村民會面和實地步行,探討消失中的

都市空間。工作坊以衛星定位系統等科技對城市作理性分析,同時亦探索著個人與周遭環境的關係。

Artist: Alessandro Carboni

The workshop, which was held after "WHAT BURNS NEVER RETURN" Platform#8 Hong Kong and investigated Nga Tsin wai Village in Hong Kong, was based not only on socio–cultural transformations but also on the way technology, infrastructure and individuals are organized within urban contexts. The workshop focused both on an objective analysis of the urban context, which was carried out by explorative geo locative mapping technologies while on the other hand focused on the intimate, subjective relationship between the observer and the perceived environment. What results in the observer's mind is in fact a sum of objective and subjective undergoing constant mutations.

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Lau King Nam

Wong Tsz Ching

蘭青

劉潤林吳嘉穎

Overlapping Discrete Boundaries

順德聯誼總會李兆基中學學生筆記

The students' notes from STFA Lee Shau Kee Collage

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「啟德河」 沿河造境寫生工作坊

"Kai Tak River" – Chinese Painting Workshop Along The River

2010.05.08 | 14:00 – 18:00 | 黃 大仙 啟 德 河 畔 Kai Tak River, Wong Tai Sin

藝術家:連安洋、黃淑琪

水墨畫在意識上是以意造境,而實踐上則是以境取意。以傳統的技法及概念,重新走進生活中的城市,以河流

作主軸,環看家人、同仁、社群及我們所關注到的萬物生靈,藉著心靈的觸動,作為創作的思維與內涵,並以此

延展出未來的圖像。

藝術家先教授參加者畫流水、草木及拓印等傳統技法,其後向各人派法一張宣紙。參加者從紙端開始畫,於大磡

村開始走到衙前圍村,隨意地臨摹沿途所見的文字﹙不論是任何語言文字或數字﹚,又或是拓印城市的紋理於

紙上,以社區所見的文字及紋理反映該地方的特色。是次活動把明渠想像成河,及把想像出來的人文景像與真

實生活畫在河的兩邊,以記下遊歷的過程與時空。工作坊以廣東話進行。

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周海英

順德聯誼總會李兆基中學

STFA Lee Shau Kee College

梁碧雲

順德聯誼總會李兆基中學

STFA Lee Shau Kee College

敖淑婷

中華基督教基道中學

CCC Kei To Secondary Schoo

「啟德河」沿河造境寫生工作坊

"Kai Tak River" – Chinese Painting Workshop Along The River

Karen

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﹙前排,左起﹚參展團隊:謝燕舞、鄭炳鴻、Mart Bohlmark(Front, from left) Participating team: Tse Yin Mo, Wallace Chang Ping Hung, Mart Bohlmark

「綠色─由啟德河開始」巡迴展覽

"GREEN – through the Kai Tak River" Tour Exhibition

河上的草根市場 THE FLOATING GRASSROOT MARKET2009.12.19 – 2010.02.27 | 西九龍海濱長廊 ( W75) Waterfront Promenade (Spot W75), West Kowloon

參展團隊:Mart Bohlmark、鄭炳鴻及謝燕舞

2009 香港‧深圳 / 建築雙城雙年展─社區及本土遺產

當未被使用的城市結構重新與公眾連接起來,新的公共空間便應運而生;被遺忘、忽視了的生活內涵由此得以

再次活起來。原來,外界較少的干預反使其潛藏的能量及文化意涵得以保障及醞釀;當這種價值被重新注視的

時候,我們在啟德渠道上創造了這個浮在河上的草根市場。

Participating Team: Mart Bohlmark, Wallace Chang Ping Hungteam and Tse Yin Mo

2009 HK & SZ Bi–City Biennale of Urbanism / Architecture BYOBox: Community and Heritage

By taking an underused urban structure and making it accessible, new public spaces emerge. Forgotten and undervalued local activities are reassessed. Potentials and cultural context are emphasized and safeguarded by small interventions. What results is a floating grass root market is created on a drainage canal.

Tour

Exh

ibit

ion

巡迴展覽

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天主教伍華中學

Ng Wah Catholic Secondary School

香港培道中學

Pooi To Middle School

Tour Exhibition 巡迴展覽

「綠色─由啟德河開始」學校巡迴展覽

"GREEN – through the Kai Tak River" School Tour Exhibition

2010.05 – 2010.07

參與學校:天主教伍華中學、李求恩紀念中學、香港培道中學及鳳溪廖萬石堂中學

透過巡迴展示「綠色─由啟德河開始」的文字、圖片及錄像紀錄,讓學生對是次計劃及「啟德河」有一定的了

解,喚起他們對環境保育、建設社區及持續性文化發展的關注,更可作為互動教材。

Participating Schools: Ng Wah Catholic Secondary School, Lee Kau Yan Memorial School, Pooi To Middle School & Fung Kai Liu Man Shek Tong Secondary School

Through exhibiting the transcript, photo and video documentation of "GREEN – through the Kai Tak River" in school, we intend to arouse students attention on the human landscape in the long–term urban development of the Hong Kong city. In addition, teachers can use the exhibits as interactive teaching materials.

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發現水。透見文化。藝術之流

圓桌論壇 / 研討會文字紀錄

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鄭炳鴻

人自地而生,地因人而活

在過去兩三年,我們希望把啟德河計劃提升至高一點的層次,及擴寬討論的範圍。從一開始,陳婉嫻議員是主要

的推動者。我想從一些背景資料說起:香港其實不缺乏,甚至可以說有很多綠色的土地;反觀深圳河以北,就有

很多城市化了的地方。香港綠色的土地大概有百分之八十左右,餘下百分之二十是城市。而在這城市空間裏面,

則極之缺乏綠化和文化的養分。

通過一連串的研究和探索,我提出了一個理論叫「人文景觀」﹙Human Landscape﹚的概念。這是一個綜合性的概念─既可保留原有文化和地貌,同時也可以使原本居住的人可發揮及表現到他們生活原有的特質。

在 2006年,啟德機場舊址要重建。政府規劃署於同年大概10月期間,開始進行第三輪諮詢,我們提出了一些如何規劃的建議:把原本預算有三十萬人口的社區變成八萬人口﹙即現時狀況﹚ 的社區,在密度上作了很大的轉變;

除此之外,有一點是非常重要的,就是如何把由舊機場演化成的新區,連接原來的舊區。以往機場那地方是與社

區分開的,但將來會成為社區的一部份。就如何連接,我們提出了很多意見,包括如何興建地下通道。那部份的

地方,被很多高架和道路包圍,這情況下,我們於 2006年 9月至 12月的期間,進行了一連串的討論,每月一次,環繞每一個社區,包括觀塘、新蒲崗、土瓜灣這些啟德周邊三個大的舊區。我們就著一些重點,探討將來的發展方

向是如何。其中第三個論壇裏,我們專注於探討綠化和宗教元素如何結合。我們正正看到有一條河延伸到將來

的新區,想想其實自然界本身已經在運作,如水本身就在那裏流動,你不能把它停下。換句話說,運用自然的水

流便可把新與舊區結合起來。當時我們有三個很大的問題是需要進一步思考:

一.在一個很大的經濟發展壓力下,如何透過保育﹙re–generate﹚重新利用一些歷史的資源;

二 .如何有系統及科學化地去看城市氣侯、建築密度和設計;

三 .如何利用宗教、綠色文化廊去貫穿將來的發展。

有一個簡單的結論是:我們要通過文化和經濟的結合去支撑將來的發展,同一時間使用當區本身的資源去創造

新的就業機會,改變社區、公共空間及城市空間。但這結論頗為空泛,我們希望有進一步的實踐。而啟德河計劃

正正由這信念衍生出來。那時,我們看到世界其他地方發生的類近事情。其中一個十分典型的實例在南韓的清

溪川。在圖上看到的高架,是未拆之前的面貌。原本清溪川是一條河,70年代起了高架,至最近又拆了高架,重現了舊日清溪川。當時大力推動這計劃的當地市長就是現時的南韓總統。計劃用了兩年多的時間完成,現在清

溪川已發展為全國最大的旅遊點及重要的公共空間。圖所見為計劃前和及後變成的綠化空間。清溪川例子與啟

德河的情況類近,而只是前者的變化更具戲劇性─由原本的河流變成高架,高架被拆,河流再現。如果說到水

源的話,兩者也有著不同之處。前者的水是由漢江自然流入;啟德河的水很有趣,以前那裏的水是污水,現在是

清澈的水,這要歸功渠務署於2005年將沙田濾水廠的水,即沙田及大埔區家庭用户的水濾過之後抽到獅子山,再由獅子山抽到啟德河,沖刷現時的河流才流出維多利亞港。每滴水自出廠至流到啟德河需兩個小時,這是一項

頗浩大的工程!

圓桌論壇「文化基建與城市發展:文化起動,隱見生機」

2009.10.31 | 18:00 – 20:00

前進進牛棚劇場‧牛棚藝術村

主持:蔡仞姿

講者:陳冠中、陳婉嫻、鄭炳鴻﹙ Wallace﹚及李照興

評論:朗天

文字整理:楊華慶、馬琼珠

編輯:鄭炳鴻

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陳冠中

原來香港還有這樣的一個Bay Area

從這個題目,大家都知道我是多麼的無知,因為我之前從沒想過會有這樣的一件事。在幾星期前,經鄭教授和

蔡仞姿介紹,然後我再回去看這本書,才知道或許真的有件很重要的東西在我們手中,還可以保存的!就算像

這樣的一片地方,不是香港最後的,也不見得有太多這樣的地方﹙這樣的機會﹚了!我常常覺得香港已有意識去

保留個別的樓宇或歷史文物,但其實更加重要是一片一片的整個區域、整體的保育,這個概念還需要慢慢培養

出來。而其實很多其他城市之所以令我們有深刻的印象,並非因為一座建築物,乃是一個區全盤保留下來。香

港最缺乏的正正是我們已經沒有可能把很多個整體的區保留,只能有個別的建築物。這是我一直以為的。到了

我突然知道還有「啟德河」這個機會。這個機會大家知道是由於有啟德機場的存在,令到這個區的發展向機場

傾斜;因為大部份現時的機場的伸延都在城區以外,但香港的情況機場在城內,或者說是城市圍住了機場。以往

因為機場的存在,所有的﹙發展﹚都為了機場,然後機場周邊都以交通主導的想法作發展,所以我們於這個社區

保留了很多東西。現在我們要重新規劃,這可能成為優勢,現今稱之為後發優勢。看看大陸的城市,越早開發的

越糟糕,拆得亂七八糟;反而遲一點開發的城市,因為官員的認知有所提高,所以能保留了很多好的東西及做得

較好,又所以,機會往往都在後發城市那裡。香港,譬如 60年代的中環有很多像上海外灘那樣的建築,後來都已經拆掉。拆掉後,我們可能會後悔,但已沒法挽救。反而啟德河這個區,似乎因為我們發展的滯後,還可以有可

為。而這麼大塊的城區,實在可以有很多好的發展。

我對這區沒有太多的認知,憑著想像力,甚至說是一廂情願,而你們大概知道寫文章的人喜愛命名,所以我就提

道 :「原來香港有這個 B a y A r e a」,意謂一個區。我亦提過把這裏叫作「九龍城塘灣區」。我在說的九龍「城」、「塘」、「灣」區,那範圍已擴大了,我亦不清楚這是否正確的概念。但無論如何,我把它視作一個「區」,是整

片的,它可能是最後一個機會。如果我們做得好,基本上會改變我們想像中的城市,而它的沖擊力將不下於西九

龍,其意義甚至比西九龍要大,整個香港地貌在我們的印象中、腦裡的地圖中均會完全改變!

我是一廂情願地想像得這麼遠的!可能是有點虛幻成份,但我希望大家把想像力推多一點,如果這區做得好,

我們正在改變香港地貌,令香港再有一大片地是令大家覺得好有意思的。有人曾用這個字:Sense of place。公共空間最重要的概念是 Sense of place,一個場域─ 一個有感情、令人有歸屬感的、不斷想回去的場域。現在我們

很多公共場所只是一個保護空間,提供人們穿越的空間。一個景觀,有人會以為在公路邊做點綠化,就為之景

觀。那不是 Place,不是景觀,你不會在那裏溜狗、捉棋,甚至想快點離開。Sense of place就算只是個小公園,你也可能拿飯盒去那裏吃,放工在那裏散步,這才叫 Sense of place。現在我們有機會建立這個 Sense of place,它就在「九龍城塘灣區」。

剛才聽過介紹,知道原來「九龍城塘灣區」並非空中樓閣。我自己年輕時,對九龍塘認識比較深。九龍城、城寨,

也去過;亦知道黄大仙和之前提過的幾個點。甚至土瓜灣這區─工廠區,牛棚的北面我也很熟。對我來說,這

些地方是很有感覺的。但如果這些地方不能連起來,還是缺乏了一種 Sense of place。

之後,2007年的暑假,陳婉孄議員向我提出商討規劃啟德河,一起的還有林文輝議員,我們用了一個晚上,構思了這張設計圖。現在回看這個草圖,尤覺重要。圖上的三條線:一條黄色,代表文化走廊;一條綠色,代表綠化

走廊;藍色是水道走廊。在這三條線之上,我們構想了十六個點。其中接近一半,大致上有七、八個點正形成中

或已在規劃上確立下來。在過程中,我們發現水是城市裏重要的資源,水可以活化周圍的環境。水可衍生微氣

候。現時啟德河的周邊會比遠一點的地方涼一點、舒服一點。但再往前走,便會給太子道擋住了。事實上,河的

周邊有很多綠色的生態。從一些有關當區﹙1864年﹚的素描看來,中間部份是衙前圍村,前面那位置叫龍津河,即現在我們叫啟德河的前身。二次大戰時,日軍曾把這裏改動過。現在啟德河的命名,是在 2007年的 9月30日,當時渠務署給了我們工具走到河去作考察。我們積極地去進行這計劃,因為希望由一個概念去更生一個城市,河

是一個起點。今天那裏的魚比兩年前多了十倍,魚的體積由以前一尺增長到現在兩尺,亦有許多巨型的鳥,如灰

鷺、白鷺、夜鷺等。根據河旁李求恩中學的學生數過,每晚有超過五十隻這些鳥在那附近棲息。再就文化歷史資

源而言,那區域有志蓮淨苑、南蓮園池,還有一條叫龍津橋的古蹟,而摩士公園附近,亦有很多宗教建築、公共

建築。其實現在有許多東西存在,只是沒有連結,所以我們希望藉此計劃把它們連接。更有些旅遊資源,是有待

發掘,如黃大仙、大磡村等。

為了讓更多人認識計劃,我們後來把計劃內容翻譯成英語,以及推廣至一些商場,而在建築展覽中也做了一些關

於重建的方案,例如我帶研究生做了有關衙前圍村的考察,針對市區重建局原本計劃在原來的樓宇上加建四十

層,我們建議不應在上面蓋,而應在後面興建,以保留村的面貌;同時我們也建議於周邊建綠化廊以及像濕地公

園的地方。另外一個比較大胆的構想─ 通過連接摩士公園與河,形成一個 T字形的公園。那裏有一棟底下商戶全是空置的樓宇,亦有一間好大的舊影院,我們設想獨立電影工作者可利用到這個地方,又甚至有戶外地方的放

映或劇場,大家可坐在草地上欣賞表演。隨後,我們積極地接觸不同界別的人,希望更多人參予及提供意見,當

中包括香港及深圳的政府規劃師;我們亦到規劃署進行遊說、與房屋署開會;也有一些街頭 Roadshow,其中有少許成績,如就二十三座的重建,我們建議把樓宇升高,好讓底下有綠化走廊及多點空氣經過。房屋署由起初不

贊成,直至兩三個月前開始接受並認同這種新概念。我們亦帶了一些電影製作人去重温一下大墈村的情況,又進

行了一連串的社區工作─為小朋友設計的繪畫比賽,與 YMCA合作學生參予的在地裝置藝術;期間亦去了四川成都的府南河─ 一個成功的活水公園,由污水一層一層的過濾,最後變成有魚的河。這是人家已做了的,可與香

港的市民分享的經驗。我們亦帶了多位局長,包括林鄭月娥局長、渠務署的同事到新界一些成功的例子去考察,

看看如何把這些做法引申到市區。

當時拓展署署長帶我們去看在啟德重新挖出來的那條龍津橋,對照舊照和歷史考證,橋基本上跟以往一樣,未

遭破壞。這是近代香港最重要的一個考古發現。連同這個古蹟的發現,我們希望把這個區的整體歷史及活化概

念,組成一些類似教科書的文字圖像資料性讀物,供周邊的學校參考及作為Other Learning Experience ﹙其他學習經驗﹚。我們已經與周邊共十三間學校校長取得共識,他們均同意我們的想法。而我們申請優質教育基金,是

希望把計劃進一步伸延到教育層面,理想是九龍城、土瓜灣區的學生,將來在一些認識社區或其他不同內容的

課堂,能走出課室,實地學習。有一些更理想的構思,就是整條河作為一個公共空間,有些市集,讓很多人能夠

參與。這個構想現在已於展覧的一件作品中呈現了出來。我們計算過要建立這樣的一個市集的費用,只相等於

要興建一棟四十層高的樓宇﹙費用﹚的五十分之一,亦即只是數個單位的價錢。另外,我們現在跟環境局商討,

希望在摩士公園跟衙前圍村一帶,大約三百米的地方,造一個實驗區─ 包括有環境藝術的裝置、有一條橋的設

計、一條有關環境藝術教育的路徑。

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事實上,一個成熟的社區,是漸變的,是逐塊變,爛的樓宇是可以拆,有市場規律,有政府的規劃,但最糟糕的

就是全部清拆。重建需要精細地進行,不能一下子用推土機一次過移平。雖說並非逐少逐少就必然好,也可能出

現十分混亂的狀况,但總會比起作整區的清拆,建築一排屏風樓來得好,那就不可能擋住個獅子山了!所以,只

要政府沒有這個權力去收購全部樓,我們就有機會改變這現狀。

三、限制高度

限制高度是頗具爭議性,亦違反香港主流價值的。限制高度的一個好處就是業主會不斷主動維修他們的樓宇,

增加其價值而不會胡亂打算把樓宇拆掉。限高度不是說一定要很矮,但一個適當的高度限制,對一個地方的保

育是很重要的。北京、上海及紐約曼克頓大部份地區都是用高度限制的方法把有歷史的樓宇留下來。當然限制

高度的執行很巧妙,但限制高度可以把工廠大廈保留並可以好好改建,而九龍城的某些街道和九龍塘的某些形

態亦可以保留下來。這手段雖然違反了中環價值,然而想像中的這個多功能、人口密度高的九龍城塘灣區卻可以

把原來的居民保留下來、舊有的店鋪亦可以保留下來,而又由於這個地區的文化歷史資源很豐富,所以我們得

以織出一個令香港人也覺得光榮的地區。事實上,在牛棚附近可以是一個很好的藝術創意區。一座工廠大廈裡

有幾個工作室並不表示香港有甚麼藝術區,但幾座工廠大廈裡都是進行藝術創作的話,就會像北京 798藝術區、倫敦及紐約等的做法。我必須強調,這一定是一個「區域」,不是一座樓宇、亦不是一個徙置區,它們的力量遠

不如一個區,一個多功能的區域。改變香港的地貌,改變大家對香港的觀感及想像,這可能是一個機會,甚至是

最後的機會。

李照興

文化區不是目的地

剛才Wallace和陳冠中為我們提供了「九龍城塘灣區」一些非常好的基本認識。我亦看了有關這區開發的可能性的資料。近年我觀察到一些中國城市舊區的重建或開發,我想可以以這些例子來做一些對比。當然這些例子當

中,有成功有失敗,但從中可以看到一些可參考的地方。

香港這些地區的發展與國內的一些所謂文化區﹙如蘇州河周邊、北京 798等﹚有很大的差別。分別主要在於國內地區舊區的重建,是牽涉了非常明顯的政府介入,甚至可以說是無堅不催的介入。社會制度的不同,令一些計劃

能由上而下的執行,正面地說就是高效率地把舊建築拆掉,重新興建。而香港比較著重公民意識及希望有市民

的參予、討論和認同。像剛才看到的計劃,其實已在文化歷史、旅遊及環保等各方面設想得十分周到。餘下的問

題只是如何去落實及如何去塑造一種公民意識去支撑整個方向。我認為這是城市發展思維很重要的一個共識,

也是近幾年被高調討論的,例如近幾年有好幾個保育事件以高調形式出現。而我亦發現所謂集體記憶、如何共

同商討研究出發展一個理想城市的議題,近年都被高調討論。其實我們在 80年代已寫了很多有關的文章,但這個意識當時未有受到很大的關注。我歸結這是回歸後香港人心態調整,或者是對於自己的身份可以切入整個城

市規劃的討論裏。事實上,大家都覺得很多事情正在消失,而實際上也有一些具體建築物在消失當中,於身份要

重寫及在消失的過程裏,反而能激發香港人主動及積極地去保留一些舊的東西。這可能是被動及消極的層面。

但積極的層面,卻是更主動、更有 Say ─希望未來香港的發展裏,有更多公民的聲音。身份要重寫的心態調整,

現在我才知道原來已有很多人用了很大力氣,鋪了很多路。如之前說過有當地的市民、組織、學校、專家、區議

員及立法會議員,及個別政府部門在很多不同情況下做對了一些事,如渠務署等,種種加起來,便給了我們這個

機會,但如何再做好些,我們則需要有想像力。因為如果政府最終走錯了政策,也能毁了這地方,最終,啟德機

場舊址可能只有個豪華的商場或一些高級住宅!

我鼓勵大家要以一個與地產商不同的角度去進行想像。地產商代表主流,我們要營造新眼光新想像去看這個地

區,這才更有意思,更人文,甚至長遠來說對香港經濟可能更好。但在很多人努力之後,最終還是需要政府正

確的決策,才能做得好。然而現時有很多政府的概念好值得挑戰,所以以下我想說出幾個原則性的概念,大家

可以想想,希望政府官員可接受這些「再教育」。我相信政府不是不能改變的,拆了天星碼頭後,知道是不該拆

的,但通常都已太遲,所以我希望這次不會太遲,而是在這階段,公民社會能左右到政府的決策過程,然後作出

改變。

我想說的是三個觀點,可能與一般人的認知現有的常識有點違背,但我儘管說出來,給大家想想。

一、所有城市的規劃都不能交給交通工程師或交通部門去決定

很多城市的規劃做壞了都是因為由交通部門去決定。交通部門考慮的只會是如何最快地由A去到 B,然後就建一條路連接過去,中間穿過甚麼他們不理。以往,這區﹙發展﹚的第一個考慮是往返機場的交通,第二是如何由尖

沙咀去到觀塘再到新界,於是便建一條公路穿越這些地方,而不需要對這區有任何感覺。他們亦不是有意破壞

社區,但任何穿越式的路對社區都是不利的。路、街道是帶人到社區,停留在一個地方如小店的門口,讓其可以

打開門做生意,這些是社區終點站式的路。穿越的路是由 A到 B不經過社區的,高速的、店鋪沒辦法營業的,因為道路的兩旁都被欄起來,穿越性公路必然會毁壞社區。在啟德機場、九龍城和其他有大量這些穿越式的高速

公路與高架橋的地方,如果我們要重新「織」出一個社區的話,首先便要拆掉地面的路,改為地下行走或直接

改道,把啟德機場與九龍城中間連接起來,變成人可行的路,車要慢駛的路,但决不能是高速公路。我們常簡單

地以為這是交通的問題,粗暴地以一條高架橋穿過社區是不行的。總之,城市的規劃,需要政府各個部門間的

協調,不單是交通部門的。其實有些國內城市,也有這些例子。如蘇州不能申辦成為花園城市,也是由於發展早

了,起了一條高速公路穿過整個舊區,從此這城市就「玩完」了。

二、珍惜社區,不能作整區的遷拆

任何一個成熟的社區,我們都應珍惜,不應把它一大片的清拆。以住我們的市區重建局,列出的第一個守則,就

是清拆舊樓,這亦是他們的宗旨。香港人給予他們權力,以法律的手段,要求一些即使不同意搬的人,也要把

地方交出,然後他們可以把整片地賣給一個地產商。然後地產商把那片地的舊樓全部清拆。地產商隨後建出來

的,必定是高樓加上大型商場。其實有些好的方法,但不知為何,香港就只會這樣做!以一個地產商去重建一個

社區,這根本就是極之不當的,他們﹙市建局及地產商﹚是破壞成熟社區的主要兇手。幸好,近年市區重建局似

乎有作過檢討,現在有點改變。

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中國藝術村的未來」。當然,政府的資源配合很大,同時亦有很多其他資金流入,因而有了誇張的、大型的藝術

館,藝術家亦紛紛在此建樓,令該區得到新生。

最後是地產商的主導發展。說穿了,這其實是樓盤,只不過加上藝術及文化設施。如果設計得好,這未必是壞

事,即如北京某些地方就會有藝術館,多了一些公共空間,又像深圳的情況,就是由地產商主動規劃興建。

以上三種情況,就中國國情來說,得配合高效行政,否則的話便很難在短時間內做這麼多的建設。反過來在香港

的情况,便不能由上而下直接推行。很多時侯,有志於發展者,需要爭取公民的認同。所謂公民的認同,就是一

種 Say。剛才大家聽過「九龍城塘灣區」計劃,我認為在香港來說是很獨特的,「城中河」的概念可謂絕無僅有。我記得外國一些「城中河」的例子,如北海道的小樽,就顯示了如何由一條荒廢了的河、荒廢了的舊工業區,一

步一步進行重建。

在這些重建計劃中,文化項目是重要的一環,但我常強調打造一個文化區一定不可以是「目的」,說到底,要服務

的是當地的居民,有旅客是一個 Bonus。像蘇州的情況,有很好的運河,但居民不會去那裡,只有遊客會去。所以,在多元的規劃下,我想突出的一點是,在「編織」城市過程中,如何能達到連接的關係,當中有幼細、滲透、分枝。

而不同地方,那些板塊會有不同特點,如宗教、旅遊、環保,問題是如何把零散的板塊「編織」起來,達至一個 「

可行」的城市,或曰 Street Ballet,即街頭芭蕾舞。街頭芭蕾舞意思是一種多元化的街上活動。想像一下如果坐在啟德河旁,有白鷺,有各式各樣的人﹕不一定是遊客,反而是當地的居民,這才是我覺得最重要的。

我始終認為,我們現在才討論這個問題已經是遲了。一個已經高度發展的城市,竟然沒有討論過「城市發展」,

所以這個意識應該要被真正提出來。而各位在聆聽過上述內容後,可以多與朋友、家人、學校多去討論,共同去

營造「城市發展思維的共識」。

陳婉嫻

在我喜歡的土地上如何參與城市規劃,達到共構共建共享的理想?

剛才陳冠中先生提出的﹙有關城市規劃﹚三點,我是十分認同的。可惜現時香港的規劃,就尤如意大利粉被綑著

一樣。我們常用奥海城作例,我們不希望九龍東南三百幾公頃的地方,最後也是被道路綑著。在商議九龍東南

時,試過三次咨詢,由 90年代開始至 2006年。大體上我們同意保留跑道、把本來三十多萬人一直減至八萬幾人、做綠化、保留最重要的山脊線﹙Skyline﹚,要看見獅子山我們最不同意的是用路來繼續困著九龍灣,即如木廠街的情況。

加上最近幾年發生的保育事件、保育抗爭,再有具體城市改造計劃,這裡我認為顯示了香港人在心態調整、保育

抗爭後,覺得要有實實在在的計劃,來實踐未來真正有關自己的生活。

城市發展思維共識其實是一種教育,因為當我們的政府並不是如國內採用那種無堅不摧的做法時,我們確實需

要有理想、有前瞻性的策劃人作長遠的計劃。然而到了最後,我們還是需要普羅市民的共識和認同。這認同,正

正是在行政制度、如何去開發等方面之外,相當需要爭取的。而何謂可行性、移居性等都是需要關注的,它們都

是由教育而來。

言歸正傳,這與文化區的關係又是甚麼的一回事呢?這裏說的文化區可否被打造,指的是廣義的「文化」。打造

一個藝術村、一個文化區相對是容易的,規模亦是小的。有了藝術村、文化區之後,重要的是打造一個社區─

有完善生活的社區,這才是我們今日的重要概念。而國內與河有關的文化區的重塑,舉例有上海蘇州河。蘇州河

並不在蘇州,而是在上海,它被稱為上海的母親河。由於以往的上海是一個工業城市,而且環保意識薄弱,所以

蘇州河一帶有很多荒廢棄置的倉庫,沿河兩旁非常混亂。近年蘇州河高調進行了河的改善,包括水質改善及兩岸

的景緻。其中一個重要的改變就連旅遊書也有介紹,就是河周邊一些由倉庫改建成的藝術村,如莫干山、M50、蘇河博物館,那些建築以香港人的尺度而言是宏大的﹙如有牛棚兩倍大﹚,它們以那些典型舊上海灰橙色的磚頭

建造,除此之外,沿河亦有由倉庫改建成的零星的畫廊。畫廊的出現,對應了世界對中國當代藝術的追求;畫廊

也是一種時尚、耀目生輝的地方,方便進行時尚派對。你會發現經濟循環在當中發生了,循環亦塑造了改善河道

及周邊環境的資源,從而帶起了周邊住宅的價錢。另外亦有酒店的建設,根據世博的規劃也開始有短程航道的

碼頭,讓大家可以坐船遊蘇州河,甚至到黄埔江、世博的場地,把水上的交通納入城市交通系統。

上述改變的源起表面上本是一個文化區的打造,但實際經過各方面努力後,成為「蘇州河灣區」的整體改善和

多元化發展。我認為這顯示了現在國內對於城市改造模式裏面一種常見模式─自發、加上市場、再加上政府少

量參予。自發很可能是由藝術家看中了一個倉庫開始。他們可能本身面對著空間不足、租金昂貴的問題,於是便

租了廉價的倉庫作為工作室。自發之後,便再吸引了其他藝術家加入。世界各地都有從這種基本條件而形成的藝

術村,如紐約的 SoHo、TriBeCa。所謂基本條件就是數位藝術家的自由參與,他們都需要相對上廉價的生活消費,足夠大的空間。大空間原來好重要。真的,空間大了,想的事也不同!去過 798你會了解為何當代藝術家的畫那麼大,你沒有這樣大的空間,就不會想去畫那麼大的畫,做大雕塑。現在 798已不單是看藝術品的地方,星期六還會去那裏買東西、逛攤擋。一個好開揚的地方,有種出了城的感覺。這對於提供城市人一個休閑的空間和激發藝

術家的創意都有好處。要做到這點,政府要有彈性的政策去配合。缺乏彈性政策的例子,就如油街。有說當年

的油街抗爭,激發了很多中國藝術家去堅持藝術村發展。以上種種,是藝術村文化區的基本條件,令一個社區去

Transform。另一方面,千萬不要美化、浪漫化破落的舊區,要著重平衡發展與保育,並找共同的元素。

另外有一種發展可能性,也是由自發開始,但加上大政府的投入,例子有北京宋莊。宋莊由現在幾位已成名的

藝術家,如張曉剛等早年以廉價的租金進駐,慢慢越來越多的藝術家加入。後來當地政府認為可行,主動地把

宋莊定位成中國當代藝術村的發源地。現在我們進入宋莊之前,會看見兩塊牌匾寫著這樣的一個標語:「宋莊,

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所以Wallace剛才提出了:如果能藉著三百幾公頃的九龍舊機場活化以上三個區。而當中文化﹙保育﹚我想是非常重要的,保留古蹟尤是。

另外,我想再講一些我們正在爭取保留的東西。衙前圍,市建局有意保留一部份,但我們堅持要保留整個圍才有

意思。村民說那裏有很多抗日時期埋下的炮,而實際上那裏應該會有許多具歷史價值的寶物。

事實上,九龍城是很完整的城,雖然它沒有以往興旺,但一些街道和特色食物是很有風味的,我有時也會去行

逛。在這個藏著豐富文化、可能帶來基層就業土壤的情況下,政府半推半就地逐步地答應了我們一些建議,包

括在沙埔道建一條地下街,建地下街的原因是政府說公主道的高速路不能動,要動一定受各方反對。從這例子

看來,政府在整個運動的推動上,不至於甚麼也不肯做,不過令我担心的是,如要做到像陳生之前所說的「九龍

城塘灣區」,就不知十年可不可以!而我之所以離開立法會,我想當中有民間的力量吸引我。我自己的精力辦不

到,所以我希望要多一點民間的力量參予。然而,我對香港政府面對著的龐大地產商不感樂觀,而我亦在努力面

對當中,希望大家亦積極討論和思考。

岑朗天

東九龍作為母土之不可能性

我主要 Comment各位講者,然後再作總結。陳冠中說的三個原則,正正是發展西九的原則。

去過圓方的人都知道,外面全是高速公路,一些文章更指出,高速公路是把將來的西九文娛藝術區和豪宅區與

原有社區分隔開來。假使你有去圓方看電影的經驗,你便知道有多慘。因為你由佐敦站行過去要用很多時間,

即使用跑的也要用十分鐘才到 Elements﹙圓方﹚,然後氣喘如牛地又再迷失於商場五分鐘才找到 Grand Cinema。這裡的意圖十分明顯,就是要把你困在商場進行消費。有人甚至說商場應該有睡覺設施,可以稍睡片刻再作消

費,這便是消費主義與地產主義結合的問題。

假使主流的意見是我們要打造一顆西九龍珠,東九便是「鱗」。西九作為龍珠是光輝,由予以追求到變成一種「

假大空」的文化觀念。論「珠」和「鱗」的重要性,「鱗」是真正能保護的東西,而「珠」只是作為映襯,但政府官

員又或市民也好,都是追求「龍珠」式的東西,卻忽視了身邊寶貴的、真正保護及美麗的東西。

剛才李照興提到為何香港城市化如此成熟,為什麼現在才說城市規劃呢?這其實不然,只不過是民間現在才開

始講。城市規劃一向也可以在大學內讀到,70、80年代在理工、港大都有城市規劃及運輸科目攻讀,不過這是精英,是少數人去想的問題,而市民則慣於精英政治、Elite culture、慣於有些事情在某個層次就不須要理會。

另外陳冠中先生提出的兩點﹙有關民間參與﹚,我也極之同意。如何去推動民間力量呢?它實在是由鍾情於一個

地方而生。鍾情,不是由我開始,而是由黃大仙那一群土生土長的人開始。他們一直帶著我去看﹕衙前圍村、鑽

石山片場、到當年原本起啟德機埸的地方、還有機倉庫等古蹟。然而很可惜,有些已被政府拆除。後來又看到嗇

色園,再知道多一點黃大仙的歷史,就發現那裡原來是很美的,我便隨著那些居民,也漸漸愛上這地方,情況有

點像吃鴉片一樣,上癮了!

我們常說推動本土文化,加上推動經濟。我自己最關心的是就業。我回到國內,我十分欣賞他們在發展期間,衍

生了另一些經濟活動,例如創意產業、小經營者。街道文化是最適合難就業的人。我完全同意陳冠中所說,路不

是純綷作為人車 Pass的通道,應該是有可停留活動的空間,像灣仔皇后大道東。日本在這方面最成功。我會問:為何人家高速公路不入那些旺的地方?如東京、北海道、大阪,都不會受高速公路影響,全部是街道文化,也衍

生很多小本經營及創意的活動。我累積了十多年對勞工就業的關注經驗,我覺得我們要在自己的土地上織這樣

的夢。幸運地遇上Wallace,他也醉心這個區及這個區的歷史。這裏有香港幾百年的歷史。例如機場酒店旁邊的道路叫沙埔道。沙埔道以往叫做龍津道,那裏正是清朝政府與英國人協議後,讓其進來的地方。行到盡頭,便是

後來三不管的九龍城寨─ 條約中清政府要求保留作非租借地,以顯示中國的擁有權,因而城寨後來變為三不

管。因為這些歷史,我與一些專業人士做了一個名為「百年條約古蹟」的項目;在香港經濟困難時,亦做了「騰龍

墟」。當時Wallace替我們設計一個竹園、竹棚、竹入口、竹舞臺、竹的願望樹,引發了一陣子廟會文化亦可以創造經濟的討論。其實這絕對是可行的,像上海城隍廟,很小的地方,但就有很多人在做買賣,而且這些地方亦吸引

了很多有創意﹙無創意也可﹚的人進來,只要對應基層就業就可。如果你能細心沿著啟德河行,你會發現除了佛

教、道教外,還有很多天主教、基督教的相關內容,所以,有了「廟會文化之道」的構思後,便進一步有了「宗教

之旅」的想法。後來,我們請了當時的房屋及規劃局局長孫明揚跟我們去行一趟,但行完之後,他沒有表情,似

沒大興趣。到後來,還把東頭村那六座非常好的工廈拆掉!我想說那六座工廈,完全有潛質成為香港 798。那氛圍很好,是典型香港 60年代的工厦,中間有很大的空地,那空地完全可以編織我們的夢!可惜,因為舊,又因為金融風暴、沙士之後的地價問題,就拆了。如果政府願意聽取我們意見,實在還有很多好的東西還留得下。說回

那幾座值得保留的大厦,房署說是危樓,我們就找來專業人士去看,卻說不是。

所以,當我們做這些許事情時,真的,像剛才所說,得碰上好官。像已退休的渠務署署長,當時他一看Wallace的圖,便說好。因為署長是專業人士,他也愛上這構思,他說如果可以做到,他也覺得是一件很棒的事。由於他

肯行這一步,他也給林鄭月娥說了很多好話,計劃得以具體開展。原初,彩虹道的居民不喜歡這條渠,叫它作臭

渠。官方則最愛利用居民的反對去反對我們的建議。我們覺得與其要花工夫把渠蓋了,為何不把它改變呢?後

來,林鄭親身去看,也聽取了署長的美言後,決定給三個月時間讓我們去說服新一屆區議會。最後,區議會同意

我們。我對這件事有很深的感受,因為單是我們幾個人的想法是行不通的,還要得到大家的認同才能成事。現

在東頭村七八成居民會想留下那條不再是臭渠的河了。這情況在兩年前是相反的,九成居民贊成蓋渠。

我所說的都是為了吸引大家,看看這個美麗而又有很多故事的地方。我很喜歡陳先生提出這麼漂亮的名字─

「九龍城塘灣區」。我從一個專為基層勞工服務的人的角度去看,香港已喪失了給予這班人就業的機會。香港現

在有過百萬人的貧窮人口,15至19歲的青年失業率約為百分之二十,我們如何在規劃上再現生機呢?官塘的的製造業、東頭村至新蒲崗的工業及九龍城在有機場時,都曾叱咜一時。這三區隨著經濟的變化,現在全部沒落了。

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研討會「如何說綠色?」﹙節錄﹚

2009.12.05 | 17:00 – 19:001a 空間‧牛棚藝術村

主持:蔡仞姿﹙ Yanchi﹚

講者:陳育強﹙ Kurt﹚、許日銓﹙ Alex ﹚、李苑汶﹙ Annabella﹚、伍韶勁﹙ Kingsley﹚、

彭倩幗﹙ Beatrix﹚、譚偉平﹙ Lukas﹚及黃淑琪﹙ Ki﹚

評論:鄭炳鴻﹙ Wallace﹚

* 彭倩幗及黃淑琪為《咔》攝影文化誌的代表

文字整理:楊華慶、羅玉花

編輯:鄭炳鴻

發展最重要的是去提升公民意識,以集體規劃或叫人民規劃。我們現在討論規劃的東西都是以為只有專業人

士才能做得到,儘管有很多論壇和建築師都會從人民規劃的角度去討論,但討論的人當中又有多少人有毅力去

跟進呢?而且整個﹙人民規劃﹚的渠道和機制都是未建立的。我們天真地討論多一點、寫多點文章之餘,還要期

望遇到好官、期望有人看到及 Reach到那些人,所以裡面是沒有機制的,而香港可能亦沒有 Harbamas所指的 Public sphere。如果香港要有足夠的媒體把意見傳遞出來,然後有好官或有識之士聽到再作跟進,那很可能是十年八年也不能辦到的事。我想沒有機制是最大的問題。

當保育運動真正落實之時,像在觀塘又或旺角等保育項目上,很多市民其實都想換樓。無疑他們有著個人的利

益,但他們會否考慮長遠一點的利益呢?他們有著個人或家族的人生規劃,但不是社區或香港的規劃。很多文化

人又或知識份子經常浪漫化社區感情,以為他們很熱心、很關懷別人,但當你接觸居民的時候,這些理想很快就

會破滅。當然有這些人,但只是少數,而少數人的聲音很快便會被蓋過,正如陳前議員所指,政府很會利用這一

點把計劃推倒。而以上最關鍵的一點,正正就是李照興提到的「公民意識覺醒」,如沒有市民真正的公共關懷及

討論,便織不了社區的肌理。公共討論需要有機制直接進入議會,或在選舉的過程中有直接的影響力,當然這

最後就是要達至普選,否則沒有普選的話,這些聲音一定不能發揮影響力,所以除了培養公民意識及訴諸教育

外,建立這套機制都很重要,否則這都是偏聽與不聽。

很多文明的發 展 都是由河開始,而由於 最早 期的發 展 都 在 河流,所以 河流 周邊 最 先出現破 落 的情 況,即

Downtown。假使我們的城市發展是健康的話,就能夠反過來更新這個 Downtown。但香港最尷尬的情況是沒有這個人文地理學的環境,它是很 Spaghetti的。在外國而言,Spaghetti是好的,因為用天橋又或高速公路圍繞裡面的城市,裡面的肌理可以慢慢規劃,但香港不能,因為它是海島,所以天橋又或高速公路只會在裡面穿插。明顯

地,政府用了外國城市發展的概念而沒有根據香港實際的地形來照搬硬套,亦缺乏人文討論。最後我想用莫昭

如一篇討論亞洲藝術節消亡的文章作結,她指出亞洲藝術節本可讓我們認識亞洲國家的藝術文化,如斯里蘭卡

等,但隨著市政局被殺,亞洲藝術節由每年一度,變成兩年一度,再到現在沒有了。莫昭如又指出,並不是因為

沒有人支持藝術節或從事藝術節的活動,反而是一批參與香港國際藝術節的人令亞洲藝術節消亡,究其原因正

是國際藝術節令人誤以為歐美藝術才叫高檔的、國際的,亞洲藝術是下等的。於是乎,正正是由於一批支撐文化

藝術的人把亞洲藝術節 Kill了。我想說的是,正正是我們自己的緣故,導致了現在出現的情況。這不僅需要公民意識,還需要公民實踐,我們常提到集體回憶等意識,但就缺乏實踐,而到最後還給了缺乏機制的藉口。不行出一

步,便不能實踐,這就是我想提出的問題。

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……綠色可以是一個政治議題,現在社會所說的環保,其實是很政治的。你真的可以減少排放嗎?你

只不過是做更多的事情去包裝環保,但結果卻往往可能背道而馳,因為你做了更多的事情去使用更多

資源。如果環保的定義是對資源的運用,在這兒我發覺,當社會提供一些資源予藝術家時,藝術家有

沒有相對地回應社會?……在這情況,藝術家只是一個引子,而不是說出問題的人。而且,我愈覺得無

法理解一個問題。以往,一些公共藝術都會先鎖定一些地方問題,然後提出跟進方向,即如何去幫助

那些人,如何去重新認識這兒,但一直做下去,原來最不認識的人其實就是藝術家。

彭倩幗:我有回應。大家都知道荷李活道和鴨巴甸街警察宿舍在舉行設計周……如果我作為藝術家,在做這個

項目時,我思考的是甚麼?即我介入的方法是甚麼?對我而言,突然間要投入這個社區時,一開始是

有點猶豫。當和參與項目的其他藝術家溝通時,我們會否用現時普遍的方法,即類似社會學、社工學

的方法,即如「收集的形式」去訪問街坊。我們反問自己:應否這樣子?將收集回來的數據或資料套用

於作品是一種普遍的手法,但藝術家本身在這個地方的角色或作用是甚麼?是否一個促進者?加上一

切已經規劃好,你現在只是在這棟建築物內使用某個房間。一切都已經規劃好了,你在這個地方的參

與以及互動其實都不大,我反而思考該如何去參與其中以及我在當中的作用是甚麼?我與所有健全的

社區的關係是甚麼?……

蔡仞姿:……我想,大家似乎都知道,當藝術進入社區,彷彿有一些必然的手段,但我想再問是不是所謂的「社

區藝術」、「綠色藝術」以及你剛才所說的,都必需採用某些東西,或如果不加入這樣東西,整件事就

不能真正運作?我想再聽聽你的意見。

彭倩幗:正如 Lukas 說的藝術家的角色,你在接受這個項目的時候,我開始構思要在這兒做甚麼,即我自己要在這兒做甚麼,然後大會就告訴你,這個地方有十二間房間,你負責其中一間,你要想想在房內做些

甚麼。由於突然之間就要把自己與這棟建築物、這幾條街以及附近的街坊開始聯上一個關係,這種關

係即便是香港人,但不在那兒居住,我都認為有一定困難的。……

黃淑琪:如果不是陳育強剛才那樣說,我也不會這樣想。原來我從來都沒有將藝術放在社區藝術當中。……其

實,強行把藝術家放置在一個地方是十分奇怪的,我在想一個社區項目時不會這樣想,我反而會找一

些相關的人士。……

譚偉平:我想補充一下,如果那樣東西夠精細的話,問題可以不是問題。譬如如果一個藝術家在區內一直生活,

他透過長期的觀察而對生活、對環境有所回應,而做出一件作品,這樣就相對地更加真實。……你見

一些藝術家在做一些項目,真的在一個區域花了十多年時間。他們真的與居民一同生活,真的問到一

些東西出來。譬如有藝術家一直觀察河道,他去到不同的國家,然後回到啟德河,累積了很多不同的

經驗可以分享,這真的有啟發性,真的有用。……

蔡仞姿:由陳育強開始吧﹗

陳育強:……我們以前都知道有這個主題,綠色這樣東西。現代主義的藝術家很注重個人,即透過自己的作品

去說一件很私人的事,去表達個人的感受,這是頗主觀及個人的一種看法。但近幾年,甚至近十年的

變化就是很多藝術家的位置是愈來愈向後退。如果藝術是一個舞台的話,藝術家不斷向後退,他像是

促進者,多於前線的創作者。我想這個趨勢是由 70 年代概念藝術出現時出現的。基本上,這個特質並不容易辨認,就像是繪畫一樣,我估計這是藝術語言自主的一個趨勢。

綠色令我想起另一些概念:一個就是全球化層面,即如果內地現在不斷建工廠,不斷排廢氣,英國、

美國以至歐洲、南極、北極都不能倖免,即綠色是跨國界的,很多東西已不可由人造的邊界所限制,

它真的會影響其他人。第二就是可持續發展,如果我們現在做的事有問題的話,即使它對我們有生之

年沒有影響,但卻會對未來的人造成影響,這就是可持續性的概念。我認為全球化是橫向的,而可持

續性是縱向的,簡單而言,綠色並不是顏色以及樹這麼簡單。我們說的是一種對其他人的關懷,是一

種道德甚至倫理的轉化。如果我們對於倫理的看法是想到如何令自己快樂,然後續漸向外擴散,那綠

色與所有東西都是有關係的。

大家最近都看到一些關係美學和公共藝術的出現,如果再將公共藝術放大,就是藝術在公共空間。以

現在的角度去看,即藝術家可以作為一促進者的話,他可以做的事有很多。關注點可以是對自身的存

在和對周圍事物存在的關心,但是,藝術的定義就可能出現問題,譬如說啟德河這個概念,可能因為

由兩方面作主導,你可能想到是 Wallace 是一個建築師,他可能對城市規劃有興趣而做了很多有關的事情,我們很容易把這個項目列入城市規劃當中,問題是政府並不這樣看,而你卻這樣看。如果把藝術

定位在城市規劃,藝術是不是被城市規劃蠶食?……如果藝術的發展循這路繼續下去,藝術是否會消

失?藝術的消失到底是否重要?……有很多種說法似乎都是以另一個模式去看藝術家與藝術的基本定

義,我認為這可能會去到一臨界點。而從現代主義者角度去重新審視藝術與社區如何從一個割裂的狀

態重新融合時,藝術家是處於一個怎樣的位置?他們如何行使他們的功能或職能?我想這是很有趣的

討論。現在的藝術家以公共藝術之名進入空間。公共藝術的最典型做法就是放置。如果以比較宏觀的

概念去思考、以環境的角度出發,那麼它跟環境設計又有何分別?這又衍生另一個沒有答案的問題。

蔡仞姿:其實在這方面,Lukas 可以談談。因為在整個項目的過程當中,我想你做了一個很好的支援。其實在開始的時候,剛才你所說的問題,我們都有考慮過,但都……

譚偉平:我在想,當要實行陳生所說的話的時候,作為一個藝術家,就無可避免地要去考慮,尤其是在這些項

目當中。我記得那時在藝術中心,當蔡國強作演講時,有人問他:你的作品經常燒東西,是否不環保?

大家都在針對他的爆破藝術,他回答說:我的確是在燒東西,的確是不環保,但當中有另一種價值,

就是我做了物質上的破壞,但在同一時間,我想帶出另一種價值,那是一種非物質的價值,是去喚醒

某些人關注一些問題。

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去把市場與雙年展連繫起來,當中的交流一定要緩慢的。事實上,我們亦為此建立了新的攤檔,與舊

的一模一樣,給了那邊其中一個檔主,而我們則保存了舊的,並把它搬到西九,所以我們有一個平台

可以做事,緩慢地與社區互相了解,再有進一步的交流。越後的經驗,令我覺得藝術就像是種子。正

如剛才說的風鈴,這都只是第一步。我們用了一年時間﹙準備﹚才動手,之後這個項目可能未必由我負

責,但仍然會繼續發展甚至開枝散葉才可做到社區藝術。

許日銓:……大家剛才說的東西勾起我的記憶,第一,我很高興大家尤其是 Beatrix 提出古蹟介入的問題﹕有東西走入古蹟,卻不能保存原來的感覺。

……其實我對藝術家放前放後的問題以及去到社區層面該怎樣亦有一些看法。如果從正面而言,無論

藝術家在社區以外畫一副畫放在牛棚,或是收集四周的洗腳水然後做一個池,古蹟也可以雙面利用,

亦無傷大雅。我很尊重各位,因為我面對藝術家已有一段時期,現在離開了都有所思考,我以往不明

白甚麼是藝術家,到今日也不明白,但有一樣東西我很尊重,那樣東西未必叫藝術,而是叫工藝 ,

那種工藝可能你做一千次、一萬次,最終有一樣東西能夠感動大家。

……來到最後一點,如果我們保持工藝的練習,我覺得是有希望的。如果資金是由社區支付讓你去練

習藝術,而你卻無法肯定那種工藝能夠成為價值,我就很困惑。

陳育強:……剛才 Alex 說工藝是否感動人的說法,我覺得是正確的,但如果在一些比較成熟的社會,以香港為例,我們很難透過可持續的練習去感動人,連引起人們注意也有問題。因為在社會內,每日發生的事

情實在太多。

…… Francis Alÿs 在秘魯做了一件作品,就跟愚公移山一樣。他鼓勵村內的村民,把山由一邊移向另一邊,大約移了一尺左右。他的目標並不是為了做一件雕塑,而是要告訴村民:只要你們肯做,你們有能

力去改變一些看似不能改變的事。基本上,他表達了這個訊息。我覺得很有意思。第二個層面,就是

很多不同的公共藝術或在公共空間的藝術作品,它們的產生可以很個人,如果個人表達到最後無法感

動觀眾,我認為沒有大問題。正如剛才 Ki 所講,她做公共藝術最重要是為了在過程之中學習,這其實很有趣,最近白雙全回學校跟同學分享時,我有時看到他的所謂「公共藝術」,根本不會有人明白,我

在想:公共藝術定義下的對象是否一定要是觀眾,相反地想,將私人的東西放在公共空間又如何?

蔡仞姿:Wallace,你是否有補充?

鄭炳鴻:我做了很多筆記,嘗試盡量了解各位所說的話。我整合了幾樣東西。首先,就是何謂公共空間與公共;

第二點就是社區與地方的關係;第三就是可持續性,即 Sustainability。其實在藝術的角度是如何看,

蔡仞姿:我上次見到「越後妻有大地藝術祭三年展」那個項目,它對於你們而言都是一個陌生的地方,但為何

那個項目能夠啟發到人們?……

伍韶勁:……我想回應陳教授,即綠色與道德那方面。我認為那是一種態度,綠色是一種態度。其實,我預備

了一個小小的簡報。我覺得綠色這概念,不知是否可以很簡單地看,綠色跟你在街市買一棵菜的那種

綠色,即人們標籤它為有機的概念有何不同。我從這一個角度很簡單地做了一個簡報,其實就像陳教

授所講,這都是一種態度。首先如何回歸最基本的態度,而很多時做一個社區項目時,不是改變社區,

而是讓社區去改變你。你如何在社區內吸收一些東西,然後再釋放出來,而不是顛倒過來。很多時候,

尤其在建築界、城市規劃界,我的任務就是來改變你,這其實可以倒轉來想。

另 外就 是自然 增長 那方面,我引用了 Bruce Mau 的說話:"When the outcome drives the process, we will only ever go where we've already been. If process drives the outcome, we may not know where we're going, but we will know we want to be there." ﹙當結果驅使過程時,我們只能達到本來已達到的。如果是過程驅使結果,我們也許不知道我們去向何方,但我們會知道那裡就是我們想去的。﹚剛才說的自我意識,未

必從一個藝術家的感性或理性而出發,若把這概念應用於當地的群體及社區,就是由它及大自然作主

導而去引申作品、結果。

然後我想略略說一下「越後妻有大地藝術祭三年展」的項目,它的概念十分簡單,就是在社區內做一

個藝術市鎮,加入社會學的元素,但又未必是完全的社會學。我將村內居民的掌紋以及當地建築的裂

縫紀錄下來,然後做出一些風鈴,家家戶戶都有一個自己的風鈴。

除此之外,我亦強調作品與藝術、城市或地點的關係,譬如這是在法國火車站所做的項目,這是一些

公共廣告牌,它看起來就像是宮崎駿動畫的廣告,它其實將當地的聯繫畫出來,在展覽其間亦有單車

提供,讓人們能夠在城市中察看。其實,廣告牌也是一種令觀眾更了解城市的方法。

……說回來,我亦想到如何通過作品去突出社區。之前我在法國一個較不受歡迎的地區做了一個與小

朋友合作的項目。我研究了他們的地區,然後做了一些絲網的作品,包在麵包紙當中,利用五間麵包

舖把作品回歸到社區。當時正好是法國成為「歐洲文化之都」那一年,這是一個平台去檢視小朋友在

文化首都的得著,讓他們有一個平台去表達,同時亦是一個案研究。而一些香港的項目,如渣打的那

個是香港回歸十周年,由一班十歲的小朋友畫出一個故事,從他們的角度去說出 97 後十年內所發生的事。又譬如我現在於西九龍建築雙年展有一個新的作品,在那裡我做了一個 Excavation Site ﹙考古場﹚……

就是將一個中環的攤檔搬了去西九,做了一個類似未來考古場的地方,上面設立了一個中環攤檔,想

像有其他五十、一百個已消失的攤檔以及一些在那裡掘出來的建築物。其實這是一個很微小的方式,

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調或製造某些東西,去感動其他人。如果你幸運地可以在一個地方停留一段長時間,成為社區的一部

份,你所做的作品會更加成熟及精細,但如果你沒有這樣的條件,我們又可否做到呢?這取決於藝術

家是否有這樣的能力及視乎他是否有這樣的心態在某種意義來說,其實這都是比較新的。

我們一向只是畫畫、做藝術,如果要替社區按摩,討好一群人,認為你是他們的一份子,而又信任

你,其實是很困難的。因為你做了十件八件事,但突然有一件差的事。那就慘了﹗完全破壞了整個局面。

這需要慢慢地去揣摸或者需要理性與感性兼備。我認為綠色藝術在香港沒有一個清晰的概念,這到

底是甚麼?所以我們今次舉辦這個討論嘗試從一個角度開展一些東西。在香港這個特別情況,綠色藝

術可以兩方面發展,一個就是在城市當中何謂綠色,因為我們通常都說城市是,混凝土很容易理解,

一座建築物很容易理解,建築一棟東西亦很容易理解,但要滲透、深入生活,要如 Ki 所說從生活中學習,要成為一個過程去令這個城市綠化,我認為這不是太成功。我們都還在揣摸。這個我想大家可以

在下一步再討論一下,或者大家有何好的建議,有沒有人想補充?

蔡仞姿:其實,我認為無須補充。因為今日雖然少人參與,但反而說了很多。不過,我在想,可能你已經去到一

個地步,根本只是不斷地做,大家都見到整個情況已經是非動手不可。譬如剛才說了很多如質疑藝術

到底是甚麼,或者綠色藝術可以怎樣、公共藝術可以怎樣、資助可以怎樣等。無論如何,我聽到一個

訊息 ﹕我們的可持續及綠色藝術其實有很多發展空間。

無論如何,人們認為藝術可以做到一點事,正如科學有它的角色,這樣,藝術似乎十分有目的。在香

港,一切似乎並未開始,而現在則出現了很多聲音,我認為這是因為香港發展快,所以環保也好,保

育也好,突然間有很多聲音走出來,我認為這是時代推使你去想這些事。

譚偉平:如果作為藝術家,會一直給予原因及定義,但同一時間,如果我們做一些前進的東西,我們就不用想

太多。不是不想,不過裡面應付的東西是很不切實際。

陳育強:這個真的很大。這項目如果成事,對其他區的影響會很大。

蔡仞姿:現在香港說的是很多舊樓的保育,但有很多很舊的東西,你如何去處理它,是另一種問題,譬如啟德

河是甚麼都沒有,但其實又有很多複雜的社區歷史。

陳育強:現在拿出的文件已經勾勒了有甚麼會發生,而不是純粹建設一些硬件,硬件只不過是把現存的組織特

徵加以改善,加上最後河的兩邊有人文活動,可以做生意。整個文化說的是如何把商場文化變成露天

文化,這我認為很重要。不過,我還是回到最開始的說法,就是藝術在當中的角色。藝術到底只是一

個點綴的作用,還是一個決定性的作用。當然,如果這是一個城市規劃,如果你說這是一個公共藝術

這點大家似乎都沒有好好發掘,反而在現今世代,可持續這個字一定正確,沒有人會質疑你。無論說

甚麼也加上可持續這三個字才有味道,這不會錯的。我們並沒有從藝術角度好好探究「可持續」的概

念,當談及綠色藝術,可持續發展的概念會不自覺地滲透。大家說的可持續,第一就是對環境的可持

續性或影響;第二就是所謂的社會公平性;第三點其實大家都可能忽略了或已經提及,就是是否有經

濟效益。如果我們說綠色藝術的時候,我們所做的是否有經濟效益,這點需要更深入研究。如果沒有

經濟效益,就不符合可持續的概念。陳局長、陳老闆提及一個十分有趣的觀點,那就是一方面你要懂

得遊戲規則,另一方面,你在遊戲中並不是滿足一些基本的原則。作為一個藝術家,提出綠色的原因

就是想對地球、鄰里及周邊的社區有一種責任,如果沒有這種責任感時我們沒有談及此事的需要及必

要。在某程度上,我們承擔這種責任感。

藝術家在現代社會往往以環保為先,這令我想起五、六年前的一個廣告─ 一個豐田的廣告,一個賣

車的廣告。水本來由 EGO 變成 ECO,即由自我變成了環保,這是一個很強的概念。其實,在大企業的管治當中,我們所說的綠色及環保,其實早已存在,即並不是今日的說法,至少在五、六年前己有這

種說法。香港某程度在這方面進度比較慢,甚至,我們仍然以現代主義藝術家的角色去看藝術。究竟

是一個主導者,還是一個促進者?我反而認為都不重要。反而如果沒有這些人及藝術家投入的時候,

這個社會能否衍生到甚麼?

如果不能的話,藝術家能否投入更多?或者,藝術家的滲入是否可以衍生到甚麼?我反而認為路線應

該在這兒。就是說,我們的作品到底是引起別人的想像,還是跟別人有交流,還是讓人猜想你到底在

做甚麼?我想猜想也是非常重要的。譬如 Lukas 的作品,大家在想他在做甚麼,原來在做「光」。某程度上,好奇就是感動的開始,一開始不知道這是甚麼,心想:這傻子在做甚麼。

我認為公共藝術或綠色藝術的其中一個手段或策略就是引起一群人的好奇心,這是第一步。通常我們

說社區,如果我用一個比喻,就是一塊怎樣也刺不入的脂肪,你不知道那班人在想甚麼,這是很虛無

的概念。約出來有四十多個人,日日跟他們談,可能談妥,這是一個很小的社區,我們今次說的啟德河

卻很抽象。到底是怎樣?甚麼是公眾及社區?那到底是甚麼人?

……我們說綠色藝術或社區藝術,其中一個技巧或工藝就是製造或繼續做事,這其實需要一種韌力,

此其一。另外一點,就是除了有韌力之外,你要知道自己在做甚麼,時間可以是二三十年,這可行嗎?

我想對於大部份藝術家而言,這是不可能的。但是如果不是長時間,這根本就不可能發生。

我那時在聖佛蘭士街留了十年,然後才發現:這街道的設計是一百年前的人所想的,原來一百年前的

人有他的訊息,這是很有趣的。因為你要先成為社區的一份子,你在做的事情本身已經是藝術,或者

他的行為已經是藝術本身,作為一個藝術家,能否做到這樣?其實,我之前為了教書,而去找何為社

區的定義。社區的意思就是人與地之間的交流,其實這是很有趣的。我們作為外來人,剛才也說到一

個困難,就是你不能空降到某個地方去做一些事,但藝術家卻有一種能力或觸覺去做某些東西,或強

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有欄杆的地方,那種情況令人感覺就像在做違法的事情,,令他們感到很興奮。接著,他們就在那個

地方看到整個青衣。說回話來,水墨畫發展至今,很多人會挑戰你,問:現在整個城市都是高樓大廈,

沒有山如何去畫山水畫呢?於是我叫學生們在宣紙上貼滿建築物,將眼見的、不想要的高樓大廈貼在

紙上,剩下的綠色就畫出來,畫完之後,就拿走貼上的建築物,再帶他們去看他們畫的位置,其中一

定要畫到青衣城。之後我帶他們走入青衣城。然後,他們一直走,眼見有甚麼文字想寫下,就寫下。

其實這好像一幅水墨畫,好像是遊覽了一個地方,甚至直接模仿字型,最後,在總結的時候,他們才

知道:原來香港有這麼多的綠色,他們會開始反思建築物與人的關係。

李苑汶:我主要說的是「越後妻有大地藝術祭三年展」。因為 Kingsley的關係,我幫忙做了一個項目。最後一次,我在那裡留了兩個月,成為了那兒的義工,我想分享有關我在這段時間觀察綠色藝術的問題或定義。

越後村有很多米田 ,在視覺上很綠色,尤其在夏天的時候。

……另外,藝術作品除了吸引人遊覽那兒之外,亦可以 " Keep the brain in the area"或者是 " How to make the green happier",這個 Green 不是指顏色,而是指小朋友,希望令小朋友喜歡上這個地方,以致在長大之後不會搬到其他地方,留在這個地方繼續成長。

在下面那兩張圖有一些綠色的,其實是一所空置了的房子,藝術家想做一間貼滿樹葉的屋。我們去到

那個地方時,藝術家準備了很多樹葉,將它貼在紙上,然後每個人都拿著一張白紙,用顏色掃出樹葉

的紋理,再由當地居民剪出樹葉的形狀,然後貼滿整間房子,令整間屋充滿生氣。另外,上面那兩張

圖就是一個日本藝術家在津南的作品,就是在 Kingsley 作品的村子。作品是在 2006 年做的,他幫村內四十多個村民每人都做了一個剪影。在 2006 年藝術節展覽完畢之後,他把剪影送給那些村民,那些村民會如何安置那個剪影?他們可以選擇棄掉,或者可以選擇保留。我在今年冬天去那條村子的時候,

拍出左邊的那張相片,那些剪影放在其中一家人的屋後,被雪所覆蓋,另外有些照片顯示,有些人會

把剪影放在屋的外面,然後在 2009年再重新展示。

下面那兩張圖,就是義工進入「越後妻有大地藝術祭三年展」的地方。有不同地方的人將綠色帶入這

個地方。如香港的義工、東京的義工,他們幫手去保養作品、搞項目,這些綠色的義工入到村內和老

人家溝通,令他們感到十分高興。

蔡仞姿:後面的朋友有沒有問題?

彭倩幗﹕我想問,村民知不知道那些剪影會在三年後重新展示?

項目,我認為在命名上面,雖說重視結果,而不是過程,但藝術家在當中的角色到底是甚麼,是否做

非物質性的雕塑或作品就完事?我就有疑問。

另一方面,我又認為一些小型的公共藝術並不是毫無意義,個體有個體的做法。如果你是一個策劃者,

你有這樣的資源及技巧,你有策劃者的做法。

說到公共藝術及城市規劃,當然有交叉的地方,以啟德河為例子,我認為其實有主次的。而且無需說

因為不夠藝術家參與,所以不夠藝術性。我不認為這很重要。

黃淑琪:其實我想分享一下我們小團體的做法。剛才 Wallace 說過的東西,其實就是我一直要去考慮的東西。即一開始如何感覺有趣,引起好奇。其實,我們的項目只有約三十萬,其中包括 Canon 和香港藝術發展局等不同團體的資助,我的想法是如何運用這麼小的資金,做雜誌及舉辦工作坊,推動公共藝術。

這個項目最先由一個芬蘭藝術家先開始,這個芬蘭藝術家本身就是一個科學家。他在看照片時,發

覺正常的光線都是白色,但從某些國家得到的照片,部份線條卻是藍色的,即有點偏綠,就像這張照

片,這是在中國拍的。他有位科學家朋友,提出這可能與污染有關,但他一直都沒有解決這個問題,可

能藝術家本來也沒打算去證實甚麼。我發了一個電郵給他,建議在香港搞一個項目,因為香港被譽為

十大污染城市之一,我相信這是實證這件事的好機會。於是,我就跟我的拍擋攪了一個全港十八區的

拍攝活動。那張照片很有效,三日內已經有三十多人來參與,但我每區只揀選兩個人,先到先得。在工

作坊當中,我解釋了何為 Solargraphy,如何去做此事,如何去做針孔攝影機。當中其實亦有他們可創作的成份,因為參與者很多都不是藝術家,創作的成份就是他們把針孔攝影機放在那兒,而影響影像。

經過長時間的曝光,相紙上的化學反應與空氣中的化學反應以及光線,都不是正常攝影的過程。其

實,出來的照片一直都會變化。所以,我們要把它掃瞄下去。

照片除了反映太陽軌跡之外,當中亦有很多啟示。前天文台台長林超英告訴我:空氣污染有可能有影

響。當中的化學反應牽涉到溫度、光線及化學作用,而且有很多因素可以影響到過程。我找了個唸生

物的男生去幫我做一些實驗,他將其中一個針孔攝影機真空,對比沒水份的攝影機與正常的攝影機,

結果真的有很大分別。原來空氣中的水份會多了硫化物,如果空氣污染愈嚴重,空氣中的化合物就愈

多,就會產生一些化學反應,而會對顏色有影響。最後,我得出了結論,就是這輯相片證實了這點。

另外,我亦準備了一些東西。我會與大家分享我與香港中華基督教青年會合作的一個簡易的項目。在

做這個項目時,我想到如何帶領一班學生在一個陌生的環境而又令他們對那個地方有好奇,如何令他

們感到興奮,有一種如冒險的感覺。那天,我帶了他們走上山畫水墨畫。之後我們偷偷地進入一個沒

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法。我見到那本小書內有十多點,其實現在已有六、七點已經可以用到,最關鍵的地方就是我們慢慢

推那塊豬肉,讓它重視這件事。

當然,所涉的範疇已超過藝術的功能性。但我認為藝術在這個情況可以起到作用。整體而言,我們有

一個比較綠色的看法,這區都希望成為香港未來比較綠色的區域。

甚麼是所謂綠色的區域,其實仍然有待發掘,剛才 Lukas 說過關鍵的地方在於如何令這件事可行、如何去推行、如何去實踐、如果表達出來以及如何令人們信服。其實,我們目前做的事,都是一步步而

行。我不知道成效有多少。但似乎仍然是按摩熱身的階段,令更多人有興趣。另外,回應 Ki說的情況,其實這事某程度上不可抗拒,原因就是這是一個全球的現象,亦是全球的需要,香港不做也要做,但

問題是如何做,以及如何用一個切合香港處境的方法做。日本的情況可能很不同,因為他們的文化以

及接受程度本身亦不同,香港用甚麼方法去做?或用甚麼手段去做?現時仍是揣摩階段。但如果環境

局的資助成立的話,我們希望有一些想法,去讓不同藝術家提出建議,去想想這個項目應如何去做,

這就可能能夠解決 Beatrix 說的問題。即只是給你一個方格填色,就像是填色比賽一樣,只是給你宿舍的某個地方,讓你去創作,我們希望可以以更開放、更互動的形式,真的衍生了一個適合香港的模

式,而對其他人包括藝術團體及本地團體都有利。

蔡仞姿:今次只是很少人的討論,但各位背後都很有力量,每人的說話內容都很犀利。我想說,1a 現在這樣做是希望有人出來,去推動整個制度。其實我今日聽了很多東西,期待我們的實證會有結果,亦希望我

們未來能把圈子再放大。

陳育強:我有補充,從那兩個申請都看到我們更主動去做。我想在三年內,以牛棚作為核心,啟德、宋皇臺、

啟德河整個區域會有很大的改變,這某程度上是政策上的改變,我想發展局有意識地去實行。

上次陳冠中也說過西九,其實,東九龍城塘灣區的起動、成效或在接近人的方面,會在某程度先出

現,即應驗朗天說的話,沒有人願意在政治議題上說太多。其實,以計劃的表達而言,啟德河比西九

更加成熟,不論在公眾諮詢、人們提出意見、前期的溝通工作都做得比較好,變相出來的結果會嚇人

一跳,整個過程更加順利。某程度上,我估計三十年後,這兒會是一個很有趣的發展區域,會是一個

香港城市的新模式,而且並不是一個由商業作主導的城市模式,甚至現時啟德也在研究一些環保的交

通系統,到時那兒沒有車輛,只有單軌鐵路,整個圖畫是很具體,是十分有趣的,現時我們看到整個

圖畫無法捉摸,我想在未來五年會見到它的形態。

蔡仞姿:你見到那片舊機場,全香港有多少這麼大片的土地?這個機場多少年了?我想這與西方很不同,前設

的事令整個社會對政府不滿。

李苑汶:我想,藝術家自己也不認為作品會在 2009 年重新展示。其實在 2006 年藝術節完畢之後,藝術家就把剪影送給他們任憑處置,可能村民喜歡藝術家幫他們製作的剪影,又或是剪影十分佔空間,所以他們

把作品放在外面的草地,或放在家門口、放在泊車的道路上。他們不一定是把作品隨便棄置,即使今

年「越後妻有大地藝術祭三年展」在 7 月才開始,但是已經有人將它展示出來。那件作品已經是他們的東西,他們喜歡展示給別人看。

蔡仞姿:請 Wallace 說一下吧﹗他在後面很努力﹗

鄭炳鴻:讓我匯報一下,我想這個展覽是今年比較具體的一個行動,用藝術、綠色藝術去推動一些東西。其實,

我們在昨天及前天跟規劃署、拓展署開會,拓展署負責整個啟德的未來發展,規劃署負責整個區的規

劃,我們前日跟他們交談的時候,得出一個比較正面的訊息。啟德河有一個點是連接摩士公園的,我

們那時交談時,就提出拆了那個欄杆,將摩士公園與啟德連接形成一個 T 形的公園,區議會已經通過拆了那個欄杆,剛才說過欄杆阻礙了公共空間的發展,而當區的人正有意識拆了它。

現時,在規劃上這條河叫 GIC,即 Government/Institution/Community use ﹙政府 / 團體 / 社區用途﹚,我們跟規劃署說,如果整個摩士公園與這條渠都是 Open Space 的話,就可以一併做一個計劃及設計,而他們也答應去改用途。改了之後,其實某程度上就像是打開了一道門,摩士公園連接啟德河以及下游

的啟德發展區,一氣呵成成為一個綠化空間。至少在政策上的佈局,他們開始已經有一個想法,已經

同意這樣做。

另外拓展署換了一個新的署展,我們跟他溝通的時候,他也相對地開明。發展局有一個政策,因為它

掘了那條橋,將來整個地區都是以文化、歷史作為核心。在規劃方面,他們開始從事這方面的工作。

在某程度上,共有三點。第一 二點就是在城市規劃方面以及公共空間方面。第三點就是建築或藝術方

面可以做到甚麼。其實我們希望可以在未來的日子,估計在 12月中,用優質教育基金的形態推行項目。在啟德河整個區域,已有十三間學校的校長同意以這個區域作為基礎去發展區本課程,當然,一切都

是等錢到手才會有所動作。你見到整個策略就是以公共的錢做公共的項目,我們都希望策略成功。

剛才 Kingsley 說到一個情況,就是公共藝術是否是一個概念。我在申請一個項目時,一直做了很多東西,我們希望在衙前圍村摩士公園一段拍一張照片,以及在三百米的地方做一個實驗基地,這概念可

能在香港比較新,但我們希望能夠推動這個概念,希望可以做到一些事。至於可以做到甚麼?我想大

概有四方面﹕第一,我們希望這區會成為一公眾藝術區。至於以甚麼形式?是放雕塑還是放火。具體

內容仍然未知;第二,我們希望可以邀請一些基層群體,讓他們可以在這兒做點小生意;第三點就是

我們會有環保教育;以此作為一個試點,放置一些環保教育的裝置或系統,讓人感受水和看雀鳥及

魚;第四點可能有一個設計比賽,去做一條橋,可能不是宿舍那條紅色的橋,而是用一個環保的意識

去做。我們希望這四個主題能夠在這三百米內發生,這都是交予政府環保局的構想,希望可以獲批。

我們面試了幾次,他們的反應也很正面,現在有這幾件事情進行中,我們會推動整體規劃以及有些想

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88 「發現水。透見文化。藝術之流」圓桌論壇 / 研討會文字紀錄 89

陳育強:市民對西九的期望,並不是這麼簡單的。一方面西九是填海得來,是沒有歷史的,你如果要解決問題,

根本沒有對象,你唯一的對象就是最大、最強、最威,只能有這麼空泛的看法。現在啟德河的做法就

是有歷史,有針對的對象,你知道改善方法是甚麼,畫畫最害怕的是白色的畫布,因為不知道從何開

始,第一線應如何畫?但另外那張畫好像比較容易,起碼本來已經有一個根基。不過,Wallace 說的時候,我在想啟德河這個項目,旁邊可能有一些枝節走出。例如你們跟政府人員交往的一種方式,當然,

在磨合的階段當然會見到不同的人學到不同的交往方式,從而知道死點在那裡,或那些不可行,如果

把這些總結出來,就可以成為民間與政府交涉的策略,這些可以變成一種知識。

譚偉平:剛才說的藝術形式,我認為這些項目是分階段的,即我現在看到這個項目,這是一個大藍圖,裡面有

幾個重點可以告訴別人是連接了整個區,之前沒有人把整個區的文化、歷史連接起來去影像化地呈

現、去分析、去展示出前景。藝術作品一開始時可能會發光,特別是當這些尚未成真時。我在想,藝

術作品可否讓人有想像,然後人們開始想我們是否需要有一些改變,需要在日常生活當中改變,之後

開始有聲音,然後再捉著這點入手。這裡面其實是環環相扣的,只要大家互相依賴,官員也不敢太強

硬,即我們引發其他人一起去討論的時候,官員也會跟從。由於藝術作品有時成本很低,暫時而言沒

有任何殺傷力,它在這項目當中並不是挑釁的角色,而是引起關注。我雖然不想把藝術定位為工具,

但它有可能是最合適的工具,特別是在後面的議題上,藝術會改變整個社區人民的生活。

最後,藝術是否只是純粹裝飾,抑或持續性地讓人反思這個社區到底需要甚麼。我們都知道社區並不

是死的,裡面不斷有人進入,又有人搬出,藝術項目就是不斷地喚醒人﹙去關注及討論﹚,所以方案完

了之後也不是一切都完了。藝術不是一個裝飾性物件,我認為這很清晰,因為你得從不同階段去看整

個發展。

蔡仞姿:我想我們要結束了,我亦希望這個項目可以繼續做。多謝你們﹗

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研究報告

RESEARCH PAPER

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Research paper 研究報告92 93

6 U n i t e d N a t i o n s , D e p a r t m e n t o f E c o n o m i c a n d S o c i a l A f f a i r s , P o p u l a t i o n D i v i s i o n . ( 2 0 1 0 ) . W o r l d U r b a n i z a t i o n P r o s p e c t s , t h e 2 0 0 9 R e v i s i o n : H i g h l i g h t s . N e w Yo r k : U n i t e d N a t i o n s . A v a i l a b l e a t : h t t p : / / e s a . u n . o r g / u n p d / w u p / D o c u m e n t s / W U P 2 0 0 9 _ H i g h l i g h t s _ F i n a l . p d f

development, and the gentrification process destroys social linkages and cultural heritages. This is not only a problem faced by architects and city planners, but an issue for millions of city dwellers.

According to the 2009 statistics from the United Nations, more than half (50.1%) of the world's population is now living in the urban area. 48.7% of people are living in cities with habitants more than 500,000, while one in every twenty people on the earth are living in megacities. By the year 2050, the percentage of the global urban population will rise to 68.7% (6.8 billion) of the world's total population. Asia and Africa are the main contributors to the increase6.

From the above statistics, we would expect another wave of rapid urbanization will take place in Asia and Africa in the coming decades. Accelerated by the infiltration of global capitalism, quick and extensive urbanization will intensify threats to urban ecology, increase the likelihood of dislocations of local culture, and dismiss the sense of place in these developing regions.

To face these challenges, art would: be the suitable agent to revive the loosening human–land bond; provide alternative socio–ecological possibilities for urban development; bridge and communicate between different values. Hence, this essay will examine : (1) The origin and concepts of Green Art/Sustainable art, as a continual development of environmental art; (2) the role and possibility of Green Art/Sustainable Art in the Hong Kong (re)development process. Hong Kong as a compact and highly urbanized city will be used as an example and implications of its (re)development to other developing cities will be studied.

The pioneers

The origin of Green Art can be traced back to the environmental art movements in the 1960s. In the era of dissatisfaction from the existing social and cultural order, the rise of consumerism and commoditized art market, and the degradation of global environment after hundred years of industrial development, a number of artists started to break away from the modernist confinement of white–cube gallery and studio space. They shifted their interest of making art in specific locations or sites. Many of them also

M i c h a e l H e i z e r , D o u b l e N e g a t i v e ( 1 9 6 9 )

[ J e f f e r y , K . & B r i a n W. ( E d s . ) ( 1 9 9 8 ) . L a n d a n d e n v i r o n m e n t a l a r t .

L o n d o n : P h a i d o n P r e s s . P. 5 4 ]

Sustainability and Beyond: Green Art and the urbanizing global environmentThickest Choi Chi Hau

Introduction: "Green" Art in the urbanizing era

Let us begin with a very simple question. What is "Green Art"? One would try to answer the question with a popular usage of the word "Green": an art form, or a dialogue, an artistic response to the existing environment; or a piece of art that follows the 3R policy: Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle. This is partially true, but not completely correct: "Green Art" should be regarded as a continual development of the Environmental Art from the 1960s. The relationship between people and sites are still a central concern, but this new, millennium form of "Green Art" has more emphasis on sustainability, ecological and social justice, public participation and community action. Different forms of collaborations, which was generally absent for the early environmental artists, is a usual practice in the art–making process.

"Green Art" is also a very green identification in the art scene. According to Sam Bower, an environmental artist, green activist and the executive director of greenmuseum.org , he considered "Green Art" as a synonym to 'sustainable art", which is the response to the discussion on ecological sustainability and art from the 2000s1. Though the discussion on sustainability started in the 1980s from the school of natural and social sciences to the arena of international politics, sustainability was generally regarded as an "environmental subject" separate from the art world2. The association with the word did not change until a number of international conferences in the early 2000s that help to relate art and culture with the new sustainability challenges. The Art Academy of Berlin (Akademie der Künste, Berlin) hosted a seminar "Culture–Art–Sustainability" (Kultur–Kunst–Nachhaltigkeit) in 2002, discussed on the possible cultural–aesthetic role on sustainability3. The Tutzing Manifesto was then drafted to relate the sustainability politics with culture, aesthetics and art4. The discussion continues with the International Symposium on Sustainability and Contemporary Art (Budapest, 2006) and a number of International Symposiums have been launched in the Central European University from 20085. Along with a number of academic dialogues in Europe, a number of artists are initiating and participating in different sustainable projects, ranging from rural/natural conservation, designing community public spaces to urban (re)development projects. Some of these cases will be discussed later to illustrate the common features and concepts of this Green art.

As Green Art is a form of art that is concerned with ecological and socio–cultural sustainability. One would expect more conflicting (and therefore more interesting) cases on urban sites, where ecology is usually displaced due to urban

1 S e e S a m P o w e r ( D a t e u n k n o w n ) . A P r o f u s i o n o f Te r m s . A v a i l a b l e a t t h e g r e e n m u s e u m . o r g : h t t p : / / w w w . g r e e n m u s e u m . o r g / g e n e r i c _ c o n t e n t . p h p ? c t _ i d = 3 0 6 .

2 S e e H i l d e g a r d K u r t ( 2 0 0 4 ) . A e s t h e t i c s o f s u s t a i n a b i l i t y . E c o l o g i c a l a e s t h e t i c s : a r t i n e n v i r o n m e n t a l d e s i g n : t h e o r y a n d p r a c t i c e , p p . 2 3 8 – 2 4 1 .

3 D e t a i l s o f t h e s e m i n a r a r e a v a i l a b l e a t : h t t p : / / w w w . k u p o g e . d e / i f k / t u t z i n g e r – m a n i f e s t / k u n . h t m ( G e r m a n o n l y ) .

4 A n i n t r o d u c t i o n o f t h e Tu t z i n g M a n i f e s t o i s a v a i l a b l e a t : h t t p : / / w w w . k u p o g e . d e / i f k / t u t z i n g e r – m a n i f e s t /

5 F o r m o r e d e t a i l s , p l e a s e v i s i t t h e S u s t a i n a b i l i t y a n d C o n t e m p o r a r y A r t S y m p o s i u m B u d a p e s t w e b s i t e . A v a i l a b l e a t : h t t p : / / w w w . t r a n s l o c a l . o r g / s u s t a i n a b i l i t y / i n d e x . h t m

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Smithson furthered his argument on the relation between art and environment by developing his concept of sites and non–sites . A site is a piece that made and located in a specific location, while a non–site was a piece without any specific locality, and could be displayed in any suitable space, e.g. galleries or museums. "Art should not be considered as merely a luxury, but should work within the progress of actual production and reclamation. We should begin to develop an art education based on relations to specific sites. How we see things and places is not a secondary concern, but primary.10" In short, Smithson raised three important issues that an environmental artist should deal with: (1) The importance of relations between art–making with the context of locality, i.e., sites ; (2) Art should also take the responsibility of ecology; (3) Art is an integral part of the society.

Back to the urban sites

Starting from the 1970s, a number of environmental artists shifted their focus from the remote wilderness to towns and urban sites. Alan Sonfist's Time Landscape (1965; 1978–now) reclaimed a number of urban sites in New York and converted them into a pre–colonial natural landscape. Native vegetation were replanted and damaged soil recovered, while elevations were also reconstructed according to historical records. This permanent installation posed a metaphorical question on the past and existing human activities and urban development, especially in contrast with those functional, urban "Green Areas".

1 0 R o b e r t S m i t h s o n ( 1 9 7 2 ) . P r o p o s a l 1 9 7 2 , i n T h e W r i t i n g s o f R o b e r t S m i t h s o n , p p . 2 2 1 .

A l a n S o n f i s t , T i m e L a n d s c a p e ( 1 9 6 5 ; 1 9 7 8 – n o w )

[ J e f f e r y , K . & B r i a n W. ( E d s . ) ( 1 9 9 8 ) . L a n d a n d e n v i r o n m e n t a l a r t . L o n d o n : P h a i d o n P r e s s . P. 1 5 0 ]

tried to re–establish the relations between art–making and the historical, social and temporal contexts of the site. Though working in different forms and approaches, the early environmental artists are generally aware of the sense of places. According to the art critic Victor Margolin, we can classify these environmental works of art into three categories7:

1. Ar t that engages with the land or landscape;

2. Ar t that incorporates sustainable practices or process, such as recycling;

3. Ar t that response to social issues, through the production of objects or discourse.

Many art pieces of the first category are also classified as Land Art or Earthworks, like Michael Heizer's Double Negative (1969), Robert Smithson's Spiral Jetty (1970) and De Maria's Lightening Field (1977). These works were mostly done in remote or pastoral landscapes, and generally have no special concern on environmental sustainability. Some of these early environmental art pieces even pose a threat to the environment: Heizer's Double Negative displaced 240,000

tons of topsoil to construct a negative space in the Moapa Valley. Robert Smithson's initial proposal of the Islands of Broken Glass (1970) was banned by the Canadian Society for Pollution and Environmental Control because his suggestion of dropping two tons of glass shards on an exposed rock will disturb the lives of local birds and seals. Viewers in the early 1970s regarded these environmental works destructive. A critic even accused, "Earth Art, with very few exceptions, not only doesn"t improve the natural environment, it destroys it." 8

Being criticized as an affront to the environment, Robert Smithson, one of the early environmental artists suggested a widespread movement to revitalize devastated industrial sites, and direct the attention of observer to the relations between land and people, i.e., perceiving the work with social, historical, spatial and geographical dimensions. He suggested:

"One practical solution for the util ization of such devastated places would be land and water re– cycling in terms of Ear th Ar t"… Art can become a resource that mediates between the ecologist and the industrialist. Ecology and industr y are not one–way streets; rather they should be crossroads. Ar t can help to provide the needed dialectic between them9. "

7 S e e V i c t o r M a r g o l i n ( 2 0 0 5 ) . R e f l e c t i o n s o n A r t a n d S u s t a i n a b i l i t y . B e y o n d G r e e n : t o w a r d a s u s t a i n a b l e a r t , p p . 2 0 – 2 9 .

8 S e e M i c h a e l A u p i n g ( 1 9 7 7 ) . M i c h a e l H e i z e r : T h e e c o l o g y a n d e c o n o m i c s o f E a r t h A r t . A r t w e e k , p p . 1 .

9 R o b e r t S m i t h s o n ( 1 9 7 1 ) . U n t i t l e d 1 9 7 1 , i n T h e W r i t i n g s o f R o b e r t S m i t h s o n , p p . 2 2 0 .

R o b e r t S m i t h s o n , S p i r a l J e t t y ( 1 9 7 0 )

[ J e f f e r y , K . & B r i a n W. ( E d s . ) ( 1 9 9 8 ) .

L a n d a n d e n v i r o n m e n t a l a r t . L o n d o n : P h a i d o n P r e s s . P. 5 9 ]

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PLATFORM's Stil l Water Project (1992) are two examples to unearth invisible environmental issues and construct new environmental meaning with grass–root activism.

In Flow City , Ukeles, as the artist–in–residence of the New York Sanitation Department, participated in the planning and development of the Department's Marine Transfer Facility, a large pier that allows garbage trucks to dump tons of domestic waste onto barges that heading to landfills. With the assistance of the Sanitation Department, Ukeles made part of the facility into a centre that allows visitors to understand the waste disposal process. She designed a long entrance that was built with recyclables; a glass bridge that revealed the whole dumping stages and a video wall showing the operations and providing information on related environmental issues. Ukeles not only succeeded to turn the functional site into a point of public access to the waste disposal process, but also related the urban activities with the river and ecology, which was usually separated in the urban development process. "If people would directly observe how the city works, they can then direct their actions and ideas towards the construction of a meaningful public life12 ".

The Stil l Water Project was conducted by the interdisciplinary British art collective PLATFORM. The PLATFORM is a flexible group of artists and non–art specialists who usually work with the local communities to restore damaged landscapes, promote the use of alternative energy and waste management, and teach ecological values. With the support of community members, the Still Water Project selected four specific sites in London to introduce different projects. One of the four sites is the Effra River, a river that was converted as a part of the London Sewage System in the 19th century. Under the initiative of a performing artist and a publicist, the PLATFORM organized the "Unearthing the Effra" campaign, urging the public to dig up the covered Effra river. The artists and specialists even formed a mock "Effra Redevelopment Agency", with a public office to reach the local communities.

M i e r l e U k e l e s F l o w C i t y ( 1 9 8 3 – )

[ J e f f e r y , K . & B r i a n W. ( E d s . ) ( 1 9 9 8 ) . L a n d a n d

e n v i r o n m e n t a l a r t . L o n d o n : P h a i d o n P r e s s . P. 1 5 4 ]

T h e " E f f r a R e d e v e l o p m e n t A g e n c y ".

S t i l l W a t e r P r o j e c t , P L AT F O R M ( 1 9 9 2 ) .

[ J e f f e r y , K . & B r i a n W. ( E d s . ) ( 1 9 9 8 ) . L a n d a n d

e n v i r o n m e n t a l a r t . L o n d o n : P h a i d o n P r e s s . P. 1 6 9 ]

1 2 P a t r i c i a C . P h i l i p s ( 1 9 9 5 ) . " M a i n t e n a n c e A c t i v i t y : C r e a t i n g a c l i m a t e f o r c h a n g e ", i n B u t i s i t A r t ? T h e s p i r i t o f A r t a s A c t i v i s m , p p . 1 8 8 .

Time Landscape would be regarded as a response to Smithson's concerns: The project is related to the socio–geographical context of the sites; no apparent damage was made to the urban environment; and the installations are easily accessible to the local communities. "I think the issue is to create a more heightened awareness of our circumstances, whether they are political or social. The forest is one of my answers11 ".

However, it is still controversial to reverse an existing landscape in favour of the "primitive" past. The project may be successful to provoke discussions ranging from colonialism to urban development, but why should one prefer a specific moment in the past, and erase the previous traces of human activities on the landscape? Are there any other possibilities of co–existence, rather than the sharp division of "primitive" and "modern", "nature" and "urban"? Instead of being a passive observer, do the citizen and audiences possibly participate as a part of the society?

Comparing with the Time Landscape, Joseph Beuys's 7000 Oaks (1982–now) took an alternative approach. He invited the local people in Kassel to plant 7,000 oaks in the city. The project is a participatory gesture to retain a balance of urban ecology and human activities, and it also extended the site of artistic display from gallery non–sites, public spaces to numerous, anonymous urban places. Seemingly controversial at the beginning, the planted oaks are now important elements of Kassel's cityscapes.

7000 Oaks itself is an art project, but it also transcended art into social action. This interdisciplinary (art and social action) and participatory approach became more popular in the 1980s and 1990s. Mierle Ukeles's Flow City (1983–) and

J o s e p h B e u y s 7 0 0 0 O a k s ( 1 9 8 2 – n o w ) [ J e f f e r y , K . & B r i a n W. ( E d s . ) ( 1 9 9 8 ) . L a n d a n d e n v i r o n m e n t a l a r t . L o n d o n : P h a i d o n P r e s s . P. 1 6 4 ]

1 1 S e e A l a n S o n f i s t ' s r e p l y t o a p a r t i c i p a n t ' s q u e s t i o n i n H a r o l d R o s e n b u r g ( 1 9 8 3 ) . T i m e a n d S p a c e c o n c e p t s i n E n v i r o n m e n t a l A r t . A r t i n t h e L a n d , p p . 2 1 1 – 1 2 .

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plans to improve the current setting. The latter was usually regarded as the task of engineers or scientists, a realm that artists and other non–specialists have no role to play with. It is not surprising when the debate on sustainable development started on the mid–1980s, very little attention has been paid on the cultural and aesthetic dimension of sustainability. Cultural researcher Hildegard Kurt even pointed out the art world usually regarded sustainability as an "environmental subject" rather than a cultural challenge, and no related open discussion has been made until 2000s15. But before a number of Europe–based international conferences and seminars, a number of institutions and artists, working with other non–art specialists and community members, are seeking new sustainable possibilities of integrative socio–ecological development. In these cases art is not the agent of "beautification", or the "soft–selling" of ecological perspectives, but as an integral part of social transformation.

STUDIO for Creative Inquiry at Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh is one of the pioneers to break away the above modernist separation of art and sciences. Established in 1989, the STUDIO support creation and exploration in the arts, especially interdisciplinary projects that bring together the arts, sciences, technology, and the humanities, and impact local and global communities16.

The AMD&ART Project (1994–2005) invited an artist (Stacy Levy), an architect (Julie Bargmann), a historian (T. Allan Comp) and a hydrogeologist (Bob Deason) to resuscitate a landscape severely damaged by Acid Mine Drainage. The interdisciplinary team also co–operated with the local communities and state agencies, to transform 40 acres of demolished mines into "a layered landscape of AMD treatment, community recreation, ecological diversity, and industrial heritage". While improving the environmental quality, the working team also kept a part of former wasteland, functionally as a hiking and biking site, and culturally a reference of the local industrial history. The park still exists today and the team is still exploring other opportunities for integrating the Arts and the Sciences in environmental remediation17. Allan Comp, historian and a member of the AMD&ART working team, believed the project "artfully transforming environmental liabilities into community assets", and commented on the form of collaboration:

"From my own experience, it is the absence of the ar ts and the consequent dominance of the sciences that leaves too many reclamation or environmental projects impoverished of their human connections, their commitment to community, the ver y reasons for civic engagement.. . I think this project can help establish a clear role for ar tists and humanists, not as solitar y visionaries, but as par ticipants; not as some mystical or magical process, but as an impor tant, critical perspective; not as arbitrator, but as co–worker, one among many disciplines equally necessar y to the recover y or revitalization of this whole place.18"

Another example from the STUDIO is the 3R2N (3 Rivers 2 Nature) project. 3R2N is a five year project that addresses the meaning, form and function of three river systems and 53 streams of Allegheny County, Pennsylvania. A working team of

1 5 S e e H i l d e g a r d K u r t ( 2 0 0 4 ) . A e s t h e t i c s o f s u s t a i n a b i l i t y . E c o l o g i c a l a e s t h e t i c s : a r t i n e n v i r o n m e n t a l d e s i g n : t h e o r y a n d p r a c t i c e , p p . 2 3 8 – 2 4 1 .

1 6 F o r d e t a i l s , p l e a s e v i s i t t h e i r o f f i c i a l w e b s i t e : h t t p : / / w w w . c m u . e d u / s t u d i o / o v e r v i e w / i n d e x . h t m l .

1 7 F o r d e t a i l s , p l e a s e s e e h t t p : / / w w w . a m d a n d a r t . o r g / a m d a n d a r t i n c . h t m l

1 8 S e e C a i t l i n S t r o k o s c h G l a s s ( 2 0 0 5 ) , T h e C o n v e r g e n c e o f A r t & S c i e n c e . A v a i l a b l e a t h t t p : / / g r e e n m u s e u m . o r g / g e n e r i c _ c o n t e n t . p h p ? c t _ i d = 2 2 7 .

"The unear thing of the Effra will be European's most impor tant and exciting urban renewal project, and it is happening on your doorstep.13"

– Promotional slogan, "Unear thing the Effra", par t of The Stil l Water Project

Making use of the advertising techniques and media strategies, "Unearthing the Effra" gained publicity in local newspapers and radios, and heated public discussion of the covered river. Though the project itself is only a simulacrum, it succeeds to raise public awareness on local history and environment, and the possibilities of participation in the urban development process14. The participatory approach of the project made the common people – not only the observer or the learner of ecological value – a part of the project and allowed the illustration of alternative possibilities of urban renewal. And the cross–disciplinary collaboration – ranging from clinical psychologist to economist – also shown the ability of art to experiment and communicate, allowing for a clear image of balanced socio–ecological development.

1990s to now: Sustainable social transformation

Through collaborations and community participations, Ukeles' Flow City project and PLATFORM's Stil l Water Project succeeded to gain public attention to relate themselves with the problems of their urban environment. Both projects encourage self–reflection and self–realization of an individual on these socio–environmental issues. However, one should also notice the main concern of these projects is to arouse social consciousness of the living urban environment, rather than any practical, sustainable

A M D & A R T P r o j e c t ( 1 9 9 4 – 2 0 0 5 )

[ H e r m a n P. , H e i k e S . & V e r a D . ( E d s . ) ( 2 0 0 4 ) . A e s t h e t i c o f E c o l o g y – A r t i n e n v i r o n m e n t a l d e s i g n : t h e o r y

a n d p r a c t i c e . B a s e l ; B o s t o n : B i r k h ä u s e r . P. 2 3 4 – 2 3 5 ]

1 3 F o r m o r e d e t a i l s o f T h e S t i l l W a t e r P r o j e c t a n d t h e a r t g r o u p P L AT F O R M , p l e a s e v i s i t t h e i r o f f i c i a l w e b s i t e , h t t p : / / w w w . p l a t f o r m l o n d o n . o r g /

1 4 S o m e c o m m u n i t y m e m b e r s e v e n f o r m e d a n " E f f r a L i b e r a t i o n F r o n t " i n 1 9 9 8 , a n d j o i n e d t h e P L AT F O R M ' s " R e c l a i m T h e S t r e e t " a c t i o n , r a i s i n g b a n n e r s l i k e " C a r s m y a r s e ! ", " U n d e r t h i s t a r m a c f l o w s a r i v e r – d i g u p t h e E f f r a ! ", e t c .

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wasteland to an area with value, resources, opportunities and most of all, with potential to support a post–industrial ecology. In summer 2001, a massive engineering project started to transform the stream at Nine Mile Run, repairing and restoring bank erosion, creating and enhancing wetlands to moderate extreme flow and flooding. The city authority of Pittsburgh also started to tackle the overflows of untreated sewage into the stream.

Another worth mentioning example is the Muizengaatje project (1997–2001) in the Netherlands. The Dutch wording "Het Muizengaatje" means " the Mouse Hole" , a colloquial name for the narrow passage created by the Bergweg (Mountain Road) , as it passes under the A20 and the adjacent railway line, connecting two residential neighbourhoods in the north of Rotterdam. Adjacent to the road and under the raised motorway is a small retention reservoir, which was a part of the rainwater sewage system. The retention reservoir was deteriorated as a dumping ground for waste and unwanted furniture, and very discouraging to the local residents. Engineers and city planners have tried different ways to hide or alter the reservoir and the sewage system, but none of the plans succeed to make a balance on social values and sewage functions. In addition, the unfriendly, dangerous feeling made the pedestrian passage failed to link up two local communities, which was separated by the A20 highway bridge.

In 1997, the Rotterdam City approached the Centrum voor Beeldende Kunsten (CBK Rotterdam) to develop a artistic proposal that could hide or distract the new pumping station and functional landscaping planned. At the very beginning, the city authorities only wanted some decorative solutions, like "some college students could paint the fly over supports"20 . However, the CBK Rotterdam saw a greater potential for the project. Rather than the addition of an aesthetic dimension to the area, the CBK Rotterdam suggested the resolution of the whole space, including the arrangement of the problematic retention reservoir. Commissioned Artists like Jeroen van Westen, Q. S. Serafijn and Hans Snoek then formed a working team with the city engineers, landscape architects and other cultural/ecological experts21 to examine any possibilities for the problematic "Mouse hole".

After a series of discussions with different stakeholders and community members, the final design celebrates the cathedral like appearance of the space and brings its qualities to the fore. Uplighters set off the columns supporting the flyover in various colours, while other lights reflect on the surface of the retained water. A large pump circulates the water through a series of reed beds, providing a natural filtration system around a neatly shaped dike connecting the pillars of the flyover. The plants for this were selected by Plantresearch International , a department of the University in Wageningen, which continues to monitor their well being and effectiveness. The housing for the pump is slightly raised, stands out from the central dike and carries the text "in l iefde bloeyende" (flowering– or flourishing–through love) . This motto from the late medieval Guild of Literati in the Netherlands, suggests the transformation that can be achieved when acceptance, care and love are the motivation for change in dealing with problematic issues and not the desire to hide or obscure.

This innovative proposal maintained the function of the retention reservoir, and it also produces a new social meaning

2 0 S e e P u b l i c A r t O n l i n e : E n v i r o n m e n t a l C a s e S t u d i e s . A v a i l a b l e a t : h t t p : / / w w w . p u b l i c a r t o n l i n e . o r g . u k / c a s e s t u d i e s / e n v i r o n m e n t a l / m u i z e n g a a t j e / d e s c r i p t i o n . p h p

2 1 P r o f e s s i o n a l s l i k e J e l l e R e u m e r, D i r e c t o r o f t h e N a t u r a l H i s t o r y M u s e u m i n R o t t e r d a m ; M i c h e l l e P r o v o s t , a r c h i t e c t u r a l h i s t o r i a n ; a n d s e v e r a l e c o l o g i s t s a n d a t o x i c o l o g i s t f o r m t h e E r a s m u s U n i v e r s i t y i n R o t t e r d a m h a v e a l s o c o n t r i b u t e d t o t h e p r o j e c t .

artists (Bob Bingham, Tim Collins and Reiko Goto), historians, botanists, Geographic Information Systems (GIS) specialists, landscape architects, scientists, engineers and water policy experts developed a historic database, and a contemporary baseline of water quality, river edge plant life, bank conditions and the history of public access and private use. The team also conducted a policy and value analysis of stormwater alternatives, stream restoration and stream daylighting. The goal of the project was to conduct an analysis of the green infrastructure that provides social, aesthetic, ecological and economic benefit to the region, and to reawaken the public interest in the natural benefits which sustain, define and complement life in the cities of the region.

"We were interested in testing theor y and expanding the role that an ar tist can play in the dynamic relationship defined by contemporar y social and environmental change. The ar t of 3R2N lies in its creative interdisciplinar y process, as well as the sum of its products.19 "

Through its work, the project team has changed the perception of the city powers and of local people of the site from

T h e M u i z e n g a a t j e p r o j e c t ( 1 9 9 7 – 2 0 0 1 ) [ H e r m a n P. , H e i k e S . & V e r a D . ( E d s . ) ( 2 0 0 4 ) . A e s t h e t i c o f E c o l o g y – A r t i n e n v i r o n m e n t a l d e s i g n : t h e o r y a n d p r a c t i c e . B a s e l ; B o s t o n : B i r k h ä u s e r . P. 2 3 6 – 2 3 7 ]

1 9 S e e 3 R 2 N : B a c k g r o u n d : A r t , E n v i r o n m e n t a n d P o l i c y . A v a i l a b l e a t : h t t p : / / 3 r 2 n . c o l l i n s a n d g o t o . c o m / a r t i s t s – a n d – r i v e r s / b a c k g r o u n d / i n d e x . h t m l

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The dominating bias on economic development and profit–maximization regard other humanistic values, e.g. community history, social linkages, ecological values as a secondary concern, or the necessary scarification for development. But are these values mutually exclusive? Are there any alternative possibilities to satisfy different needs? The debates and community actions against the initial planning of Guangzhou–Shenzhen–Hong Kong Express Rail Link shows the need of a new, sustainable form of urban development, and the need of social and environmental justice through open discussions and participations. The increasing activism of the civic society could make us expect the coming decade will be a period of value debates and cultural transformations.

So what can art and artists do in the transformation process? In the first place, art could (re)create the essential dialogue between people and their living environment, a relation that was weakened by urban renewals, improper planning and gentrification.

In the era where streets and public spaces are replaced by shopping malls and commercial centres; old communities are broken down and residents are redistributed to numerous public housing estates; and middle–class private housing are gated and segregated from the local community, one would easily loose his or her sense of belongings to their community, and their living place. A human being with no roots will hardly care his or her surroundings, especially when the relation is a kind of sheer consumption. To establish a new dialogue between people and places, one has to break down the consumerist perception of environment and space, and relate themselves with the temporal and spatial dimensions of their living place. Different forms of Community–based Ar ts , ranging from the evaluation of local handicrafts, grassroots activism to research–based projects should be encouraged. They would help to rebuild or consolidate the loosened "roots" of the citizens. When more individuals perceive themselves as an integral part of the community, and regard their living places as a valuable public asset, a genuine public pressure for overall socio–ecological sustainability will be formed to search for new alternatives for social development.

Moreover, the examples from the STUDIO and the Muizengaatje project show the possibilities and benefits for artists or art groups to take part in the social development process. The values of these projects lie on the artistic dialogues between different communities, experts and authorities in the making process, and the dialogues will derive a new social meaning over a particular space. Artist's participation in the production of space is vital to a sustainable urban development, especially in a city where humanistic values and ecological concerns are seldom take into serious account. It will be a time–consuming task to break through professional and departmental barriers, but it is also the important task for artists to go beyond and search for new possibilities in the social production of space. Professionals and authorities should consider art as a humanistic knowledge essential for city planning, rather than a branding or "cream–topping" of existing mode of development. Artists have to make sure the dialogues with communities and other stakeholders are open–ended for the continuous good of the whole society, and have to cut across institutional hierarchies for possible alternatives.

The Kai Tak River project would be the first attempt of local artist's participation in a large–scale urban transformation process, and hopefully it will mark the beginning of a new mode of integrated modernization of the city.

to this discouraging Mouse Hole . Through this new setting and the participation from the local communities, the area was again a public asset of the local residents. It was expected when a new social meaning of the place was produced, community members will protect the place against unnecessary deterioration and make it sustainable for the future generations. Although the idea was regarded as problematic at the beginning, the area now was significantly changed to a friendly, meaningful public space. Celebrated with the project's success, the Rotterdam city authorities further granted the team to investigate the full 10km zone of sterile space along the A20 motorway dissecting Rotterdam, and suggest any possible solutions for the local problems.

Though the suggestions of the interdisciplinary team eventually have not adopted by the Rotterdam City Council22, the role of artists, the value and importance of their research, and their innovative solutions to improve the urban environment succeeded to gain public recognition. Ontwikkelings Bedrijf Rotterdam (Development Company Rotterdam) even recognized that the artists" independence of economic or political interests allows them to avoid rigid professional concepts and offers a "free port" for new ideas and the exploration of seemingly contradictory and controversial approaches.

The above cases are just a few of the whole picture. There are still a number of artists, who are working in different forms of experiments, collaborations and social engagements, to pursue a more sustainable living environment23. In these collaborative projects artists are no longer the arbitrator in the art–making process, and the process are equally (or even more) important than the final outcome. Industrialization and urbanization from the last century have reduced the man–environment bond then in the agricultural period. With the rapid development of natural sciences and capitalism, environment is usually associated as a resource to be manipulated or exploited for socio–economic development, at the expense of pollutions and species extinctions. Making the world more sustainable is not only an ecological challenge; it is also a challenge on existing human practices and social values. From the above examples, we could see the possibilities of art as a continuous, lively dialogue between people and the environment. And we could also see the possibilities of art, as the platform of communications, actions and participations, to make sustainable changes for the society. If sustainability is defined as an integrative modernization, i.e. the humanization and ecologization of industrial Modernism, art will be one of the core elements for the overall socio–ecological transformation.

Hong Kong: the need of a new dialogue

From the hot debates on the development of West Kowloon Cultural District, the removal of Star Ferry and Queen's Pier, the discussions of the Guangzhou–Shenzhen–Hong Kong Express Rail Link, to the recent destruction of wildlife habitat of Tai Long Sai Wan for private purposes, we could clearly see the urgent need to reconsider our attitude towards the place we live, and the existing mode of city development.

2 2 T h e t e a m ' s p r o p o s a l i n c l u d e : ( 1 ) t h e f u l l s c a l e r e m o v a l o f t h i s s e c t i o n o f m o t o r w a y ; ( 2 ) a l l o w t h e r e d e v e l o p m e n t o f a l i n e a r g r e e n z o n e , s t r e t c h i n g t o t h e h e a r t o f t h e c i t y ; ( 3 ) a l t e r n a t i v e p r o v i s i o n s f o r t r a f f i c c i r c u l a t i o n , o r e n c o u r a g e o t h e r m e a n s o f t r a n s p o r t . T h e y e x p e c t t h e p r o p o s a l w o u l d i m p r o v e t h e c i t y ' s e c o l o g y a s w e l l a s i t s t r a n s p o r t i n f r a s t r u c t u r e .

2 3 A n u m b e r o f o t h e r e x a m p l e s w o u l d b e f o u n d o n t h e g r e e n m u s e u m . o r g w e b s i t e , h t t p : / / w w w . g r e e n m u s e u m . o r g / .

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References1 Jeffery, K. & Brian W. (Eds.) (1998). Land and environmental ar t. London: Phaidon Press.

2 Herman P., Heike S. & Vera D. (Eds.) (2004). Aesthetic of Ecology – Ar t in environmental design: theor y and practice. Basel; Boston: Birkhäuser.

3 Allen C. (2002). Aesthetics and the environment: the appreciation of nature, ar t and architecture. London; New York: Routledge.

4 Maja F. & Reuben F. (2006). Principles of Sustainability in Contemporar y ar t . Praesens: Central European Contemporary Art Review. Available at: http://greenmuseum.org/generic_content.php?ct_id=265

5 Allen C. & Sheila L. (2008). N a t u r e, a e s t h e t i c s , a n d e n v i r o n m e n t a l i s m : f r o m b e a u t y t o d u t y. New York: Columbia University Press.

6 Ian T. (2009). Rethinking landscape: a critical reader. London; New York: Routledge.

7 United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. (2010). World Urbanization Prospects, the 2009 Revision: Highlights. New York: United Nations.

Available at: http://esa.un.org/unpd/wup/Documents/WUP2009_Highlights_Final.pdf

8 Caitlin G. (2005). The Convergence of Ar t & Science. Available at greenmuseum.org : http://greenmuseum.org/generic_content.php?ct_id=227

9 Sam P. (Date unknown). A Profusion of Terms. Available at greenmuseum.org : http://www.greenmuseum.org/generic_content.php?ct_id=306.

10 Publ ic Ar t Onl ine: Environmental Case Studies. Avai lable at : http://w w w.publ icar tonl ine.org.uk/casestudies/environmental/

11 Victor Margolin (2005). Reflections on Ar t and Sustainability . Beyond Green: toward a sustainable art, pp. 20–29.

*This research paper is proofread by Michelle Lin.

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107

啟德河的延續及未來展望謝燕舞 | 聯合策展人及節目策劃

歷時整整一年,終於來到「綠色 ─由啟德河開始」公眾藝術計劃的尾聲了!畢竟,在資源及人手有限的情況下,

能完成整件事已相當不容易。在此必須感謝 1a空間的行政人員,尤其是何梓埼小姐,基本上獨力撐起與公眾藝術團體及區議會、各社區部門的溝通工作,以及展覽後的學校巡迴展及公眾工作坊的安排與跟進、紀錄等等,

切實看到她對此項目的投入,以及對「做好這件事」的堅持。

要總結,真是比「一匹布」還要長。由於我參與了研究的部份及作為「節目策劃」的角色,致使我無意間被認為

是最清楚及瞭解整個計劃前因後果,乃至內外方向及計劃歷程等的一員,然而,計劃內容,前提背景等都在此不

贅了。我在此以整個計劃帶來的影響力以及縱觀我個人參與其中的歷程,來為此計劃畫一休止符吧。

我起初加入有關啟德河的研究及民間推動的計劃及活動,是始於擔任了《啟德區歷史及社會研究》的研究員

﹙該研究項目由發展局委約,中大建築學院承辦﹚,從而首次看到鄭炳鴻教授因為對啟德河有「夢」而將之納

入研究,進而勾劃了一個以九龍地區為整體,集歷史、人文、藝術、環境生態與未來理想城市規劃的願景藍圖。

而這個構想,不是如西九龍文化藝術區那般的新社區營造,而是以扎根香港的社群及城市生態環境為根本。這

個更大更廣闊的願景,也正是引導及促使啟德河與公眾藝術、社區教育緊密地走在一起,並得以持續發展的契

機。

從 2009年 7月開始與蔡仞姿女士一起策劃「綠色─由啟德河開始」展覽,由思考「綠色與藝術」的新議題開始,

到展開一系列關於「綠色與藝術」的研究、展覽、論壇、公眾藝術介入、學校巡迴展及專題講座,乃至是次總結

出版,作為其中的聯合策展人及節目策劃人,對此類長期作戰的藝術與公眾計劃之複雜程度帶來的挑戰及經

歷,可說是前所未有的。更意想不到的是,展覽及論壇帶來的廣泛關注,及公眾與媒體間的持續討論會是如此熾

熱。例如,10月 31日,陳冠中在「文化基建與城市發展」論壇中提出的「九龍城塘灣區」1,便引發了公眾與媒體的一連串討論。

2009年 12月,我們另一作品「河上的草根市場」入選「2009香港‧深圳 /建築雙城雙年展」,並於西九龍海濱長廊展出了3個月 2;2010年 2月,蔡仞姿的「靜室觀照」作品﹙最初在「綠色─由啟德河開始」展覽上展出﹚,應香港

藝術館邀請於「視界新色」再次展出;直到 2010年中,我們亦向環保局提案,以啟德河為核心,展開綠色藝術概念與跨學科環境教育結合的大型社區藝術節,後來,鄭教授更與我們以人文景觀為主題,將啟德區的研究申請

編納入中文大學通識教育叢書。我們相信,上述的行動勢將產生更大更普及的影響。

2009年 11月,我在台北竹圍工作室駐場時 3,也順便闢一角展出了有關啟德河的展覽紀錄及研究冊,迅即引發了竹圍負責人蕭麗虹老師的興趣,而她亦引介了台北及高雄兩所大學裡,關注「河」及生態議題的教授一起作討

1 九龍城塘灣區:據查証,在清代的地理論述裡,已將避風塘海灣稱為「塘灣」,如九龍灣、紅磡灣、觀塘灣等等都是。而九龍城在明清時期被稱為「九龍街」,是一大型的民間市集,沿海處就是塘灣區及龍津碼頭。這個組合在清朝九龍城寨外形成一個繁榮熱鬧的民間九龍區生活面貌。龍津橋的重現正是這歷史模糊

部份的濾鏡及印證。

2 「河上的草根市場」:入選「2009香港‧深圳/建築雙城雙年展」,參展藝術家:Marta Bohlmark、鄭炳鴻及謝燕舞,由中文大學建築學院及香港建築師協會贊助。

3 是次駐場計劃為「另類藝術社群叙事當代藝術:香港/北京/新加坡」資料及圖片展暨研討會﹙台灣邀請展﹚,由謝燕舞策劃及負責研究。

結 語 Afterword

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論,後來一方面於2010年初加入我們對啟德河持續發展的未來計劃,另一方面就在台北開展了〈梅樹溪計劃〉,並多次來港與我們開會及共謀策劃。在蕭老師的推動下,現時我們正凝聚了除香港以外,各地的藝術實踐學者、

策劃人、藝術家等,展開多個對「河」與藝術的討論以及城市規劃研究,如台灣﹙梅樹溪計劃﹚、日本﹙水計劃及

炭坑計劃﹚,意大利及瑞典﹙綠色科技的開發﹚等。於未來,此議題將進入更廣闊、更深層次的藝術討論,以及

進入社區教育、學校教育課程裡。

2010年的暑假,兩位分別來自英國愛丁堡大學及美國麻省理工學院的碩士生,專程前來找尋關於啟德河計劃的資料,並即時參與此階段的部份總結工作。我們很高興有這麼多有心人在欠缺資源的情況下仍然加入和予以幫

忙。

最後,休止符當然只是指一個暫時的小休,一如河流的川流不息,啟德河計劃並非只是一場展覽而已,它帶來的

持續影響將滲透和滋潤香港人的心靈和眼界。前人種樹,後人乘涼,期望此計劃的開始及歷程,能夠為香港乃至

國際關心社會環境及相信藝術的人,帶來一股清泉,以我們的文化與智慧為後輩謀福詣。

The Continuation and Projection of the Kai Tak River project

Tse Yin Mo | Co–curator and Project Planner

The "GREEN–through the Kai Tak River" community art project finally comes to a conclusion after its year–long existence from August 2009 to August 2010.

As the project's co–curator and project planner, it is very difficult to share all that I have experienced and the great challenges faced by our working team. First and foremost, I would like to thank with deepest gratitude our project coordinator, Ms Kiki Ho. She took on complex tasks and coordinated the communication among the team, participants, district council and community organizations. She also completed all the follow–up post–exhibition activities such as school tour shows, public workshops, documentation, etc. Bravo to her enthusiasm and dedication she exerted in completing a well–executed project.

Secondly, without repeating too much of what has already been stated, I joined "GREEN–through the Kai Tak River" with 1a space in July 2009. We started by reinterpreting the convocations of "GREEN and ART", and little by little, the project expanded with research, contemporary exhibitions, forums, community art interventions, and touring documentation shows in school with lectures. Today, we have a publication as a concluding product. Though it has been a struggle to complete all the events given the shortage of resources and manpower, it has still been a pleasure to be part of the project.

I think instead of "a conclusion", it is more appropriate to outline the impacts brought by the Kai Tak River project on the whole, including the earlier days as well as the future planning of the project. I will comment on my process and personal journey with the project. Currently, my involvement can be metaphorically characterized as "a rest", like the musical notation.

I became involved in the Kai Tak River project since early 2009, where I was employed as a researcher for "Historical cum social study on Kowloon City district in connection with Kai Tak Area" by the School of Architecture in CUHK commissioned by the Development Bureau. During my research, it was the first time I saw the larger picture, which linked the historically–and–culturally–disconnected Kowloon through the concept of the human landscape, masterminded by Professor Chang.

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The future planning picture is completely different from the WKCD; instead of a new creation of arts & cultural district from an empty reclaimed harbor front, the vision is for the rebuilding of district neighborhoods and cultural habitats by the rediscovery of local history, bringing together community roots. This envisioned dream becomes key to the sustainable development of the future Kai Tak River, which has aroused discussion between community art and community education in the area.

Broad discussions about the Kai Tak River among the public took as well as a strong media interest. On 31October 2009, when Mr. Chan Koon Chung raised the term "Kowloon City Bay Area" 1, we were surprised and immediately searched for evidence to support the historical accuracy of this term. Unexpectedly, during the roundtable forum "Cultural Infrastructure and Urban Development", one of our exhibited research booklets about the Kowloon future plan within the Kai Tak Area study, was stolen at the main entrance of the On & On Theatre, right under the eyes of the receptionists! The above incident told us that the HK public indeed needs scholars, researchers and publications to explain and to illustrate the concept of "Urban Human Landscape" in cultural context.

Continuing with "GREEN–through the Kai Tak River" project in December 2009, our other artwork titled "The Grassroot Market on Kai Tak River" was selected by the "2009 HK&SZ Bi–City Biennale of Urbauis / Architecture", and was exhibited for three months at the West Kowloon Promenade 2. Meanwhile during almost the same period in Feb 2010, Choi Yan Chi's "Camera Obscura" (which was originally exhibited in "GREEN–through the Kai Tak River" at 1a space) was invited to be moved to the HK Art Museum, re–exhibited in a group exhibition called "New Vision New Colors". In the mid of 2010, we proposed a large–scale community art festival to the Environmental Bureau, which is based on the context of Kai Tak River and the emerging green art concept and cross–disciplinary environmental education. To include the stated activities above, the new edition of our key research results which may be edited into the coming publication of CUHK's General Studies reference book series, will definitively have more in–depth information and will have a positive influence on HK education.

3 T h e r e s i d e n c y p r o j e c t i s "A S t u d y o f A l t e r n a t i v e A r t C o m m u n i t y i n H K " ( P a r a l l e l t o B e i j i n g a n d S i n g a p o r e ) D o c u m e n t a t i o n E x h i b i t i o n c u m C o n f e r e n c e ( i n v i t a t i o n b y Ta i w a n ) . I t w a s o r g a n i z e d a n d r e s e a r c h e d b y Ts e Y i n M o .

In Nov 2009, I exhibited the Kai Tak River research booklets/exhibition records at Bamboo Curtain Studio of Taipei, while I was completing my residency program 3. The booklets and records instantly attracted the attention of Margaret Shiu, the director of Bamboo Curtain Studio, who in turn introduced me to professors from two local universities who are currently focused on the themes of "River / Ecology and Arts" Immediately in early 2010, Bamboo Curtain Studio initiated the community art session of their prior–proposed "Plum Tree Stream Project", which is now expected to be in parallel development with HK's Kai Tak River project. Margaret has been discussing the future planning with our team several times this year. Together with Margaret's engagements and drive, we have already gathered key persons – curators, artists, scholars, who are practicing the themes of "River / Art / Urban Planning" from Taiwan (the "Plum Tree Stream Project"), Japan (the "Water Project" and "Coal Mine Project"), Italy and Sweden (with new Green Technologies application cases). In the near future, Kai Tak River will be discussed in a more in–depth and essential level, and will also be spread and emerged into district education and school curriculums.

This summer, two post–graduate interns from Massachusetts Institude of Technolgy in USA and University of Edinburgh in UK separately became attracted by the unique project vision and are currently involved in the concluding works. We sincerely express our thankfulness from the bottom of our hearts to those who have helped or have given a hand to this project!

Last but not least, let us take "a rest" to look back on our efforts: "GREEN–through the Kai Tak River" is only one stop of the journey, an endless journey like a stream within a fresh water body, nurturing the hearts of those caring about life and our living environment, and these who believe in arts and culture. What Hong Kong needs is not only bargaining rights & power in endless political arguments, but a broadened vision and more attention on sustainability, which are vital for accumulating the intelligence and context of our culture for generations to come.

1 K o w l o o n C i t y B a y A r e a : t h e t e r m ; " B a y A r e a " ; h a s b e e n u s e d t o d e s c r i b e a l l g u l f s h e d h a r b o r i n t h e g e o g r a p h y a r c h i v e i n Q i n g d y n a s t y . F o r i n s t a n c e , K o w l o o n B a y , H u n g H u m B a y a n d K w u n To n g B a y e t c . M e a n w h i l e , K o w l o o n C i t y w a s n a m e d " K o w l o o n S t r e e t " d u r i n g M i n g a n d Q i n g e r a s ; i t w a s a l a r g e – s c a l e d c o m m u n i t y w i t h a n o r g a n i s e d f r e s h m a r k e t s e r v i n g t h e n e a r b y b a y a r e a r e s i d e n t s a n d t h e L o n g J i n P i e r . T h i s c o m b i n a t i o n r e m a r k e d t h e p r o s p e r o u s K o w l o o n c o m m u n i t y l i v i n g m o d e o u t s i d e o f t h e o f f i c i a l l y c o n s t r u c t e d K o w l o o n W a l l e d C i t y . T h e r e – a p p e a r a n c e o f L o n g J i n B r i d g e i s d e f i n i t e l y t h e e v i d e n c e o f a n d i s m i r r o r i n g t h i s b l u r r e d h i s t o r y b e l o n g e d t o l o c a l c o m m u n i t y .

2 " T h e G r a s s r o o t M a r k e t o n K a i Ta k R i v e r " s e l e c t e d a n d e x h i b i t e d i n " 2 0 0 9 H K & S Z B i – C i t y B i e n n a l e o f U r b a u i s / A r c h i t e c t u r e " , p a r t i c i p a t i n g a r t i s t s g r o u p : W a l l a c e C h a n g , Ts e Y i n M o a n d M a r t a B o h l m a r k . I t w a s s p o n s o r e d b y t h e S c h o o l o f A r c h i t e c t u r e i n C U H K a n d t h e H K A r c h i t e c t u r e I n s t i t u t e .

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「綠色─由啟德河開始」參與者簡歷

總監 | 鄭炳鴻

資深建築師﹙香港及中國﹚,現任香港中文大學建築學院副教授,雅砌建築設計事務所及一間畫廊總監。曾任哈佛燕京學社訪問學者及美國麻

省理工學院佛山工作室客席教授;現正研究「啟德水道文化」的計劃。

策展人 | 蔡仞姿

蔡仞姿是香港資深藝術工作者,80年代開始己致力推動香港當代藝術思潮,1985年香港藝術中心舉辦蔡仞姿第一次装置藝術個展,1990年她

取得亞州文化協會藝術家獎赴美。1993年蔡仞姿為澳州昆士蘭藝術館第一届亞太三年展参展藝術家之一,同年亦應邀於德國柏林世界藝術館

作個展。蔡仞姿多年來一直全職任教於大學與大專院校,2002年轉職浸會大學,隨即致力協助浸會大學成立第一所視覺藝術院。蔡仞姿也是

香港主要當代藝術場地1a空間的創辦人之一,1a空間曾引發油街藝術村及牛棚藝術村的誕生,2001年1a空間組織了第一屆另類藝術空間的國

際會議“In–between”。香港藝術中心、香港大學藝術系、德國柏林世界藝術館及Parasite藝術空間都曾出版蔡仞姿作品集,2008年蔡仞姿亦應

邀作南加州大學訪問學人,2009年蔡仞姿於香港「十月當代」策展了一個新項目「綠色─由啟德河開始」。2010年,蔡仞姿亦於香港藝術館展

覽「視界新色」中展出其近作「靜室觀照」。

聯合策展人及節目策劃 | 謝燕舞

當代藝術文化研究工作者,藝術教育工作者。現為當代藝術推廣機構 Art Products Promotion 總監及香港浸會大學﹙SCE﹚兼任講師;1a空間節

目委員會委員及Urban Place Research Unit成員﹙香港中文大學建築學院﹚。2007年起專注於亞洲華語地區另類藝術空間及社群的研究,2009

年初參與啟德河有關的研究及策劃,2010年始開拓關於香港當代視覺藝術教育方面的實驗計劃及研究。近年曾往北京、新加坡、台灣、美國等

多地進行考察及研究。近期著作有《三城:另類藝術社群叙事當代藝術(香港/北京/新加坡)》﹙2008年12月﹚。

研究員 | 蔡志厚

1983年生於香港,成長於都市邊陲。2006年畢業於香港中文大學新亞書院,主修新聞與傳播。2009年再於中文大學完成視覺文化研究碩士課

程。大學期間開始進行攝影及錄像創作。作品曾於香港、台北及首爾展出。

蔡氏曾任香港兆基創意書院創意課程導師、香港教育學院視藝學系研究助理,亦曾參與香港投訴合唱團的籌劃工作。現為香港大學亞洲研究

中心「香港記憶」計劃高級研究助理

藝術家 / 藝術團體

亞域‧呀

「亞域‧呀」成立於2008年,由一班年青藝術家組成,成員包括謝斐、梁卓睿、嘉嘉、天藍、木奇鳥、 Ko pinky 、陳碧珊及黎伊蓮。早於2009年

1月,「亞域‧呀」發表了其籌劃半年,首件關於啓德明渠的裝置作品─「彩虹道上彩虹河」。「亞域‧呀」認為偶爾經過一些地方,如能夠為它

加進一點點想像,將會產生些很有趣的事情。「亞域‧呀」旨在思考如何善用空間,從中與別人產生互動和交流,並嘗試用不同的藝術方向發掘

出各種對空間的可能性,這是一種不再受限於特定創作形式,及對空間作出探索的藝術作業。

Marta Bohlmark

瑞典斯德哥爾摩皇家科技學院建築學碩士,曾於香港中文大學研習一年,期間主力研究黃大仙區啟德河。Mar ta現居廣州,並繼續參與研究

「啟德水道文化」計劃。

卡邦尼

編舞家兼多媒體藝術家,現正拓展其研究的覆蓋面,融合卡利亞里University of Architecture「LaDu 都市密度多媒體實驗室」舉辦的相關活動。

卡邦尼於倫敦聖馬汀參與碩士課程Performance Design and Practice,教授「展演方法論」,另於米蘭NABA參與碩士課程Digital Environment

Design,教授「數碼展演」。

FORMLESS

FORMLESS一詞啟發自巴塔耶(George Bataille)的「無形態」(informé)理論,旨在反對為藝術形式冠以任何類別或名狀,以打破表現形式的

局限,從而將本質從外在意義的框架中釋放出來。

我們致力於讓不同種類的設計能與不同大小的公共空間構成「互動」 (interactive) 的關係,產生短暫而充滿啟發性和娛樂性的藝術空間,讓

公眾能從中體認更多其身處空間中的潛在可能性。

麥海珊

自90年代以來活躍於實驗音樂界,是一位電影、錄像及聲音藝術家。現為香港浸會大學視覺藝術院講師,曾於香港中文大學宗教及文化研究

系任教碩士課程,以及曾獲發多個本地及海外藝術家獎學金。

連安洋

2008年畢業於香港中文大學藝術系。現職藝術行政,及參與《咔》攝影文化誌的創刊工作,統籌多項社區文化藝術活動。

譚偉平

多媒體藝術家,創作以攝影、裝置及環境藝術為主,作品主要關注「人和土地」之關係。譚氏為藝術地圖之主席及創辦人之一。現任香港藝術學

院藝術學士課程主任及高級講師。2000年以來曾參與多個國際展覽,包括「越後妻有大地藝術祭三年展2006」、「2001高雄國際貨櫃藝術節」

等。

黃淑琪

2003年赴芬蘭赫爾辛基美術及設計大學修讀兩年攝影碩士課程。同年成立「廿九几」出版團體。2000至2002年期間,參與《Tokion》、《Milk》

及《Cream》等潮流及文化雜誌的創刊工作。現為香港浸會大學視覺藝術院講師,及《咔》攝影文化誌的創辦人。除攝影以外,更愛水墨畫及動

畫。

講者

陳冠中

香港文化界旗手,身兼作家、評論家、媒體人,香港70及80年代最具影響力文化雜誌《號外》創辦人之一,近作有暢銷書籍《我這一代香港人》。

現居北京穿梭中港台各地。

陳婉嫻

前立法會議員,啟德發展民間聯席發起人,以及為「啟德河─水‧綠‧文物」改造計劃之發起人之一。

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陳育強

陳育強教授畢業於本系,其後於美國鶴溪藝術學院獲藝術碩士學位。1989年起於本系任教,主講藝術創作課程,並為藝術碩士研究生指導老

師。2009年起,兼藝術文學碩士課程總監。曾參與展覽超過七十次,包括第「五十一屆威尼斯雙年展」、「第二屆亞太三年展」等。作品曾榮獲

「公共藝術比賽首獎」﹙大埔中央公園﹚及「德國漢諾威世界博覽會藝術比賽」第二名。陳氏之學術興趣為香港藝術及公共藝術;亦任《香港視

覺藝術年鑑》主編及沙田「城市藝坊」藝術總監。現為汕頭大學藝術及設計學院學術顧問、亞洲藝術文獻庫顧問、香港藝術發展局藝評委員

會顧問。

許日銓

前香港藝術中心總幹事及香港大學美術博物館館長,現為演藝學院講師,專注於香港保育運動推廣及為國際展覽「越後妻有大地藝術三年展

2009」的參與者之一。

《咔》攝影文化誌

《咔》攝影文化誌是一本為了展示和分析攝影及影像獨特的表達功能及文化,而出現的一本雙語﹙中、英文﹚雜誌。有別於市面所見的的攝影

雜誌,我們尋求相中趣味,以及展示一切攝影所能影響及達成的事。在我們的社區及不同身分的人中,搜集出獨特的影像,例如紋身師傅的作

品記錄照片、隱世水管加工師傅於一個山頭,拍攝植物品種、不同flickr用家upload相片,跟大眾分享、眼科醫生的視網膜影像等等。對其進行

多角度的分析、解讀,並對本地攝影有較深入的研究,務求能進一步擴闊攝影的表現性、本質和意義,繼而能推動攝影作為文化創意教育。攝

影的表現手法多而廣,若果能將為散佈於各處不為人知的創意影像根據攝影歷史和理論作出統整,深入淺出,結果將普出意想不到的火花,亦

延展出主流藝術攝影以外的更多可能性。

李照興

近期暢銷書籍《潮爆中國》作者,該書更獲「2008年度香港書獎」。李氏為首批在中國內地開拓中國城市學的香港學者,現為《明報─星期日

生活》的專欄作家之一。

李苑汶

2008年於香港浸會大學獲得視覺藝術文學士並以一級榮譽畢業。及後參與了兩個日本重要的社區/在地藝術活動,分別為「越後妻有大地藝術

祭三年展2009」及「瀨戶內國際藝術祭2010」。

朗天

中西哲學研究學者,香港電影、舞蹈、文學、視藝專欄作家及評論人。

伍韶勁

伍韶勁於1980年在香港出生,畢業於多倫多懷雅遜大學新媒體藝術系,並於法國勒弗諾瓦國立當代藝術工作室取得當代藝術深造文憑。他的

跨媒體概念藝術著重建構作品與展覽場域及鄰近社區之間的關係,把抽象意念和被遺忘了的事物呈現於互動裝置、公共藝術、聲音和空間設

計等不同創作形式上。

伍氏的作品曾於上海世博會里爾歐洲館、奧地利維也納Kunsthalle、日本越後妻有大地藝術三年展、法國龐比度中心 Ircam音樂研究所、意大

利Fabrica研究中心和加拿大InterAccess電子媒體藝術中心、香港深圳城市建築雙年展及香港藝術館等地展出,所獲獎項包括香港當代藝術

雙年獎2009、香港青年設計才俊大獎2008、第十二屆香港獨立短片及錄像比賽﹙互動媒體組金獎﹚、2006年度加拿大文藝理事會獎助金及多

倫多InterAccess視覺藝術獎2003。

“GREEN – through the Kai Tak River” Participators' BiographiesDirector | Wallace hang Ping Hung

Wallace Chang Ping Hung is now a professional architect (HK & China), Associate Professor in the School of Architecture at The Chinese University of Hong Kong, director of Arch Design Architects and UMA G. He has been Harvard–Yenching visiting scholar and visiting professor in Foshan Studio at MIT. Recently, Chang is researching on the "Kai Tak River Urban Regeneration" project.

Curator | Choi Yan Chi

Choi Yan Chi is a veteran Hong Kong artist and educator. She has been actively committed to promoting contemporary art in Hong Kong for over 25 years. She was one of the cofounders of 1a space, one of the Hong Kong's progressive contemporary art spaces. In 2001, Choi and 1a space hosted "In–between", the first international conference on alternative art spaces. In 2002 Choi joined Baptist University and helped to establish the university's first Academy of Visual Arts. Catalogues on Choi's work as an artist have been published by the Hong Kong Arts Centre, the University of Hong Kong, Haus der Kulturen der Welt (Germany) and Para/Site Art Space. She was curator of the exhibition "Green, through the Kai Tak River" for October Contemporary Hong Kong 2009. Choi is a grantee of the Asian Cultural Council fellowship (1990 ). In 1993 Choi was one of the earliest Hong Kong artists took part in the First Asia Pacific Triennial in Queensland Art Gallery and in the same year she held her solo show in state gallery of Berlin , the Haus der Kulturen der Welt. In 2008 Choi was invited by the University of Southern California as Distinguished Provost's Visitor. In 2010, Choi's latest work "Thinking through seeing" was included in an exhibition "New Vision: New Colours" at Hong Kong Museum of Art.

Co–curator and Project Planner | Tse Yin Mo

Tse Yin Mo, An art culture practitioner, researcher and art educator is currently the director of Art Products Promotion (a contemporary art promotion organization) and a part–time lecturer in BUHK(SCE); one of the programme committee members of 1a space, and now a member of Urban Place Research Unit (School of Architecture in CUHK). Meanwhile is assisting research projects of Kai Tak River, working with academia and cultural organizations. In recent years, Tse has specialized in research works of alternative art spaces in Asia and cultural writings since 2007, and starts to explore possibilities and research in HK contemporary Visual Arts Education in early 2010. She has been conducting studies in Beijing, Singapore, Taiwan and America in recent years. Her recent publication includes “3 Cities: A Study of HK Alternative Art Community (Parallel with Beijing and Singapore)” (Dec 2008).

Researcher | Thickest Choi Chi Hau

Born in 1983, Hong Kong. In 2006, Choi was graduated from the New Asia College, Chinese University of Hong Kong, majoring Journalism and Communication. He received his Master degree in Visual Culture Studies of the same university in 2009. During his undergraduate studies, he started his creation in video and photography. Some of his works has been shown in Hong Kong, Taipei and Seoul.

He has worked as a part–time tutor of the HKICC Lee Shau Kee School of Creativity, and as a research assistant of the Hong Kong Institute of Education (HKIEd). He is also one of the co–coordinator of the Complaints Choir of Hong Kong.

Now he is working in the Centre of Asian Studies, University of Hong Kong, for the development of the Hong Kong Memory Project.

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Artists / Art Groups

ARE.A

ARE.A was established in 2008 by a group of young artists. Members include Jeffery Tse, Leung Cheuk Yui, Kaka, Tiana Wong, Ko Pinky, Chan Pik Shan, Lai Ellene Grace and Kayla. After a half year planning, ARE.A presented "Rainbow River on Choi Hung Road" In January 2009, a Kai Tak Nullah installation art piece. ARE.A believes that with a bit of imagination, a place that one passes casually can turn into something interesting; it contemplates on how to use spaces in appropriate ways, so much so that interactions between people could be generated. ARE.A also attempts to explore different artistic possibility of spaces, which is not a limited by any creative mode.

Marta Bohlmark

Holding a Master of Architecture from the Royal School of Technology of Stockholm Sweden, she also spent a year studying Architecture at the Chinese University of Hong Kong. As a continuation of the Hong Kong year she chose the Kai Tak River in the Wong Tai Sin District as her Thesis Study Area. Now residing in Guangzhou, China, she is continuously involved in the "Kai Tak River Urban Regeneration" project.

Alessandro Carboni

Alessandro Carboni is a choreographer and multidisciplinary artist who divides his efforts between different art disciplines. At present, he is expanding the scope of this research, which incorporates the activities of "LaDU: Multimedia Laboratory of Urban Density" at the University of Architecture in Caglian. Carboni teaches "Methodology and Performance Practice" for a Master course in Performance Design and Practice at Central Saint Martins in London. He also teaches "Digital Performance" for the Master course Digital Environment Design at NABA in Milan.

FORMLESS

FORMLESS is inspired by the concept of "informé", which was invented by the French philosopher Georges Bataille. We oppose any kinds of labeling or categorizing on the manifestations of art and try to break limitations, in order to liberate the intrinsic value from the box of explicit meaning.

We endeavour to make different designs interact with public spaces of different sizes. By creating a transient art space which is full of enlightenment and entertainment, we let the public realize more of the potential possibility of their living space.

Lin On Yeung

Graduated from The Chinese University of Hong Kong, major in Fine Arts (2008). Now he works as art administration. 2009, Lin participated in “KLACK” Photography and Culture Magazine's establishment and responsible to launch different cultural events.

Anson Mak Hoi Shan

Anson Mak is active in the indie music scene in the 90's, and is a film, video and sound artist. She is now a lecturer in the Academy of Visual Arts, Baptist University, HK. Right before joining AVA, she taught for Master of Arts programmes in Department of Religious & Cultural Studies, CUHK. She was awarded several local and overseas artist scholarships in the past years.

Tam Wai Ping

Tam Wai Ping works in various media, and is notable for his photography, installation and environmental art works. His works mainly concern the relationship between "Individuality and Land". He is the chairman and one of the founders of ArtMap, he serves as a BA Programme Coordinator and Senior Lecturer at Hong Kong Art School. Tam has participated in various international exhibitions since 2000, such as "Echigo–Tsumari Art Triennial 2006", "Kaoshiung International Container Arts Festival, 2001" etc.

Ki Wong

Ki Wong received her MFA from the University of Art and Design, Helsinki. Wong had participated in Tokion HK, Cream and Milk magazine's establishment and founded "29's" non–profit publishing organization in 2003. Ki Wong is now teaching at AVA, The Baptist University and publisher of “KLACK” Photography & Culture Magazine. Beside Photography, she is fond of Chinese Painting and animation.

Speakers

Chan Koon Chung

Chan Koon Chung is one of the cultural pioneer in Hong Kong, practicing as a writer, critic and media practitioner, he is one of the founder of "City Magazine", which has been the most influential cultural magazine in 1970's and 1980's. His recent book "Wo Zhe Yi Dai Xiang Gang Ren" is well known and popular. He is now resident in Beijing and shuttling between China, Hong Kong and Taiwan etc.

Chan Yuen Han

Chan Yuen Han is a former Legislative Councilor, one of the starter of "Community Alliance of Kai Tak Development", and a founder of "Kai Tak River – Water. Green. Heritage" regeneration project.

Chan Yuk Kueng

Professor Chan graduated from the Department of Fine Arts, The Chinese University of Hong Kong. He then obtained his M.F.A. from the Cranbrook Academy of Art, Michigan, USA. Professor Chan joined The Chinese University of Hong Kong in 1989, teaching studio courses and supervising M.F.A. students. Starting from 2009, he started the MA program of Fine Arts and assumed the post of program director. He has participated in over 70 exhibitions, among which are “The 51st Venice Biennale” and “The 2nd Asia Pacific Art Triennial”. He was awarded the First Prize in “Public Art Scheme Competition” (Taipo Central Town Square) and the Second Prize in “Art for Expo Competition” in Hannover, Germany. Professor Chan's academic interests are Hong Kong Art and Public Art; he is the editor of “Hong Kong Visual Arts Yearbook” and the art director of “City Art Square in Shatin”. At present, he is also the Academic Advisor of Cheung Kong School of Art & Design, Academic Advisor of Asian Art Archive and Honorary Advisor of Art Criticism Committee of Hong Kong Arts Development Council.

Alexander Hui Yat Chuen

Alex Hui Yat–chuen is the former chief executive director of Hong Kong Art Centre, and former curator at Hong Kong University's Museum and Art Gallery. He is now a lecturer at the Academy of Performing Arts and is dedicated to the conservation movement and the promotion of Hong Kong culture. Hui has recently participated in the international exhibition "Echigo–Tsumari Art Triennial 2009".

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“KLACK” Photography & Culture Magazine

“KLACK” Photography & Culture Magazine is a local photographic bilingual (English and Chinese) magazine, which aims at revealing a new and unique culture of interpreting photographs. We wish to gather and unscramble distinctive images and high quality works from different walks of life. We are looking for an interactive way on discussing and analyzing photography, so as to widen the horizons of our readers in understanding its nature. We believe that if we succeed in gathering creative images far and wide, we would be able to figure out other possibilities from the mainstream photography.

Bono Lee Chiu Hing

Bono Lee is the author of "Chic China Chic" is one of the bestseller in Hong Kong recently, which is also awarded "The Book Prize 2008". Bono is the first tide of Hong Kong scholar who explored China Urbanism in the mainland. He is now a special columnist for "Ming Pao Sunday Life".

Annabella Li Yuen Man

Obtain Bachelor of Arts (first class honour) in Visual Arts from Hong Kong Baptist University in 2008. After graduation, she participated in two major community art/land art events in Japan : "Echigo–Tsumari Art Triennial 2009" in Niigata Prefecture, and "Setouchi International Art Festival 2010."

Long Tin

Long Tin is a scholar specialty in Chinese & Western Philosophy studies, a professional cultural writer and critic in arenas of Hong Kong movies, dance performance, literary and visual arts.

Kingsley Ng

Kingsley Ng is an interdisciplinary artist working primarily in conceptual, site–specific and community–oriented projects. He crafts relationship between the work and its context through media and formats including interactive installation, public workshop, sound and spatial design.

Ng received a BFA (hons) in New Media Art from the Ryerson University, and a Postgraduate Diploma in Contemporary Art from Le Fresnoy – National Studio of Contemporary Arts. His art and design projects have been exhibited at venues such as the Lille Europe Pavilion at the Shanghai Expo (China), Wien Kunsthalle (Austria), the Echigo–Tsumari Art Triennial 2009 (Japan), Osage Gallery (Hong Kong and Singapore), IRCAM – Centre Pompidou (France), Fabrica (Italy), InterAccess Electronic Media Arts Centre (Canada), the Hong Kong Museum of Art, and the Hong Kong & Shenzhen Bi–city Biennale of Urbanism/Architecture. He is recipient of a number of grants and awards, including the Hong Kong Contemporary Art Biennial Awards 2009, the Hong Kong Young Design Talent Awards 2008, the Hong Kong Independent Short Film & Video Awards 2007 (Gold Medal, Interactive Media Category), the Canada Council for the Arts – Travel Grants to Media Artists 2006, and the InterAccess Visual Arts Award 2003.

嗚謝 Acknowledgements

牛棚藝術節協會、前進進牛棚劇場、《咔》攝影文化誌、九龍社團聯會─黃大仙地區

委員會及衙前圍村鄉委會

中華基督教基道中學、鳳溪廖萬石堂中學、李求恩紀念中學、天主教伍華中學、保良局

何蔭棠中學、香港培道中學及順德聯誼總會李兆基中學

亞域‧呀、Marta BOHLMARK、卡邦尼、陳冠中、陳健光、陳婉嫻、陳育強、FORMLESS、

向玉璽先生、許日銓、林志恩、林文輝太平紳士、羅玉花、李照興、李國瑜、李苑汶、

連安洋、朗天、馬琼珠、麥海珊、吳志榮、伍韶勁、彭倩幗、蕭麗虹、譚偉平、曾敏富、

黃淑琪、黃瑋納及黃耀強

Cattle Depot Artist Village Alliance, Cattle Depot Theatre, “KLACK” Photography & Culture Magazine, Kowloon Federation of Associations – Wong Tin Sin District Committee and Nga Tsin Wai Village Rural Committee

CCC Kei To Secondary School, Fung Kai Liu Man Shek Tong Secondary School, Lee Kau Yan Memorial School, Ng Wah Catholic Secondary School,Po Leung Kuk Celine Ho Yam Tong College, Pooi To Middle School and STFA Lee Shau Kee College

ARE.A, Marta BOHLMARK, Alessandro CARBONI, CHAN Koon Chung, Mr. K K CHAN, CHAN Yuen Han, CHAN Yuk Keung, FORMLESS, Mr Norman HEUNG, Alexander HUI Yat–chuen, Anna LAM, Mr. LAM Man Fai, JP, LAW Yuk Fa, Bono LEE Chiu Hing, Davina LEE, Annabella LI Yuen Man, LIN on Yeung , Long Tin, Ivy MA, Anson MAK Hoi Shan, NG Chi Wing, Kingsley NG, Beatrix PANG, Margret SHIU, TAM Wai Ping, Matthew TSANG Man Fu, Ki WONG, WONG Wai Nap and WONG Yiu Keung

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《綠色─由啟德河開始》刊物GREEN – through the Kai Tak River Publication

出版 Publisher 1a空間 1a space

撰文 Contributors 鄭炳鴻 Wallace Chang Ping Hung 蔡志厚 Thickest Choi Chi Hau

蔡仞姿 Choi Yan Chi 謝燕舞 Tse Yin Mo

文字校對 Proofreading 簡思敏 Jasmine S. Tillu ( 英文 English ) Michelle Lin (英文 English,P.92 - P.104 )

何梓埼 Kiki Ho 謝燕舞 Tse Yin Mo 黃倩怡 Sindy Wong 楊華慶 Donald Yeung

統籌 Coordination 何梓埼 Kiki Ho 黃倩怡 Sindy Wong

排版 Typesetting Appless Creation

承印 Printing 陽光印刷製本有限公司 Sun Light Printing & Bookbinding Factory Ltd.

本刋物於 2010 年 10月首次發行,發行量為 1000本

First published in an edition of 1000 in October 2010

香港藝術發局全力支持藝術表達自由,本計劃內容並不反映本局意見。

Hong Kong Art Development Council fully supports freedom of artistic expression. The views and opinions expressed in

this project do not represent the stand of Council.

版權所有,不得翻印 All rights reserved

ISBN: 978–988–17750–3–0

1 a 空間 1 a s p a c e( 8 5 2 ) 2 5 2 9 0 0 8 7i n f o @ o n e a s p a c e . o r g . h kw w w . o n e a s p a c e . o r g . h kFa c e b o o k : 1 a s p a c e

香港九龍土瓜灣馬頭角道 6 3 號牛棚藝術村 1 4 號U n i t 1 4 , C a t t l e D e p o t A r t i s t V i l l a g e , 6 3 M a Ta u K o k R o a d ,To K w a W a n , K o w l o o n , H o n g K o n g

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