Some important events in

British history

Unit 3

NEW WORDS• Reign (n): triều đại • Medieval period (n): thời trung cổ• Rival (adj): đối địch • Manor (n): trang viên, thái ấp• Estate (n): di sản• Renaissance (n): thời phục hưng• pope (n): giáo hoàng• Resentful (n): phản uất• National affair (n): chính sự, việc nước• Navy (n) : hải quân• Feudal system (n) : chế độ phong kiến• Revolt (n) : cuộc nổi dậy• Monarchy (n): nền quân chủ• Universal gravitation (n): định luật vạn vật hấp dẫn

Medieval England(M.E)

M.E

Magna Carta “Great charter”

1215

Symbol of freedom

Model Parliament1295

A model for all later Parliament

Hundred Years WarFrance vs. England

1337-1453

France defeated England

Black Death1348

1/3 population of England was killed

Peasants’ Revolt

1381

Tyler was killedfailure

Magna Carta

Model Parliament Hundred Years War

Black Death Peasants’ Revolt

THE TUDORS OF ENGLAND

1. King Henry VII (1485- 1509) 2. King Henry VIII (1509- 1547)3. King Edward VII (1547- 1553)4. Queen Jane Grey (1553;

uncrowned, deposed)5. Queen Mary I (1553- 1558)6. Queen Elizabeth I (1558- 1603)

The wars of Roses

The time: 1455-1485 The place: London, England The cause: August 1453, there was a rumble that Henry VI suffered from mental diseaseThe participants: House of Lancaster and House of York.The purpose: to become the King of EnglandThe result: House of Lancaster defeated house of York, Henry VII (House of Lancaster) united the two rival House

The red rose of Lancaster

The white rose of York

Tudor Rose

Henry VII’s reign Domestic policy:

• Try to reduce the power of great nobles in the localities• Give second position to Parliament• Increase tax on the crown land( by which the national income was raised)

Foreign policy: • pursue good relation with Spain( When the King of France attacked Spain, Henry VII also declare war on France)

Highlights of Henry VIII’ s 38 years ago

(1509-1547) Expanding England’s influence as a European power

Establishing the Church of England Introducing efficient tax schemes Promoting parliamentary government Enhancing the standing of the Monarchy Creating the royal Navy Conducting the English Reformation

Elizabeth I• Name: Elizabeth I• Nickname: Virgin Queen, Gloria, Good

Queen Bess, Faerie Queen• In relationship with: Henry VIII (King of

England from 1509-1547)• Famous saying: “I have no desire to make

windows into men’s souls’’• Status : Bachelor• Education : very well-educated ( fluent in 6

languages), inherited intelligence, determination

WHY IS ELIZABETH I’ S REIGN CONSIDERED AS THE GOLDEN AGE OF

ENGLISH HISTORY?Answer:1. This period witnessed the peak of England Renaissance 2. A time when literature, art and theater blossomed3. A time of great innovation in technology and science 4. An age of exploration and expansion abroadSome main achievements:• William Shakespeare writing his great works• Francis Bacon composing his essays• The England Navy defeated the Spanish Armada

The English Navy defeated The Spanish Armada

CIVIL WAR (1642-1651)

Location: kingdom of EnglandParticipants: the nobles, the gentry, peasant classesCause: taxes disagreement between parliament and

Charles I Results: parliament victory, execution of Charles I

19-5-1949: Republic of England was established.

Maps of Civil War

Restoration of Monarchy( 1660-1688)

Background: when Charles II was invited to the throne as a King of England

The commemorative coin : 5£ gold crown in 2010 remark the critical milestone in British History

commemorate 350 years since the restoration of the Monarchy under Charles II

GLORIOUS REVOLUTION ( 1688-1689) Other names: Bloodless

Revolution

Participants: English, Welsh and Scottish society

Location: British Isles

Background: when the Roman Catholic James II came to the throne

Cause: discrimination about religion between the royalist and Charles’s brother

Results: replacement of James II by William and Mary, redefinition of the English bill of rights

WHY WAS THE BILL OF RIGHTS SO IMPORTANT ?

• Ensure certain freedom and a protestant political supremacy Prohibit any law biased towards

establishment or religion Protestants have rights to arms within

the rule of law Prohibit any act that deprives life,

property illegally limit the sovereign right to raise

money through taxes

The English bill of rights

THE BRITISH EMPIRE (18th -19th CENTURY)

Total area & colonies: 33700000 km2

( ≈ ¼ of Earth’s total land area) Many colonies of British Empire

• Australia• Asia ( Malaysia,

Singapore, Brunei, Hong Kong)• Africa (India, South Africa, Bangladesh, Pakistan)• North America ( Canada, New Zealand) “The sun never set on the British Empire”

THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION IN BRITAIN

(1750-1850)o Britain is the first country to change in this wayo Caused great economical and social changes:

• Industry developed due to exporting manufacture products to colonies and other countries

• New inventions( steam machines, textile industries) increase in labor productivity • More people moved from countryside to work in factories the population of cities grew rapidly creating an urban working class Great Britain became the most powerful manufacturing

nation, and the strongest economy in all of Europe

Many new inventions:1733:

John Kay

1765:

James Hargreaves Spinning jenny

Flying shuttle

1784:

James Watt Isaac Newton (Universal Gravitation)

1876:

Alexander Graham BellTelephone

Many bad effects from the industrial revolution

- Child labor- Strict working conditions, long working hours (10 hours/ day), low wages- Lack of houses, domestic appliance of housing…- Pollution( industrial smoking, chemical waste…)

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