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The Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment

Guided Reading

Lesson 1 The Scientific Revolution

Early Science1. Explaining How did the ancient Greeks develop theories?

Listing The first column below identifies three thinkers who lived during ancient times or the Middle Ages. Write one contribution for each.

Thinkers Contributions

Aristotle 2.

Ptolemy 3.

Thomas Aquinas 4.

ESSENTIAL QUESTIONHow do new ideas change the way people live?

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The Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment

Guided Reading Cont.

True or False Use your textbook to determine if each statement is true or false. Write T or F in the blank next to the statement. If the statement is false, rewrite the underlined portion to make it true.

   5. During the Middle Ages, ideas about science were based mostly on ancient Egyptian writing.

   6. During the Middle Ages, the Islamic world had little influence on Europeans.

   7. Beginning in the 1400s, explorers added to the scientific knowledge of Europe.

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The Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment

Guided Reading Cont.

New Ideas About the Universe

Describing You are a historian recording the various contributions made by Copernicus, Kepler, and Galileo. Describe some of those contributions on the scrolls below.

1. Copernicus

2. Kepler

3. Galileo

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The Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment

Guided Reading Cont.

New Scientific Advances

Identifying During the 1600s and 1700s, several scientists made significant advances. Below is a list of scientists from this time period. Beneath it is a list of statements about the advances made by these scientists. Fill in the blank in each statement with the name of the correct scientist.

Isaac NewtonAndreas VesaliusRobert Hooke

Antoni van LeeuwenhoekRobert BoyleAntoine Lavoisier

1.  proved that all matter is made of elements.

2.  described the human body in detail.

3.  proved that matter needs oxygen to burn.

4.  developed the law of gravity.

5.  used a microscope to discover cells.

6.  discovered tiny organisms called bacteria.

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The Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment

Guided Reading Cont.

The Triumph of Reason1. Explaining Why was mathematics important to the thinking of Descartes?

Categorizing The French thinker Blaise Pascal believed that science could be helpful in some ways. He also thought that Christianity could be helpful in other ways. In the chart below, describe what Pascal thought was the best way to use science and the best way to use Christianity.

Subject Best Way to Use

Science 2.

Christianity 3.

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The Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment

Guided Reading Cont.

4. Organizing The English thinker Francis Bacon developed the scientific method. This method is an orderly way of collecting and analyzing information. It can be broken down into a series of steps that must be done in a certain order. Below is a list of steps used in the scientific method in the wrong order. In the blanks below, rearrange these steps so that they are in the correct order.

Arrange the Steps of the Scientific Method in the Correct Order

a. experiment to test explanation

b. repeat experiments to prove the explanation true or false 

c. observe facts 

d. find explanation of facts

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