GUNS, GERMS, AND STEEL VIDEO CLIP

COMPLETE THE FOLLOWING:1.Where do inequalities in the world come from according to Diamond?2.Create a Chart listing the Pros & Cons of the Hunter-Gatherer Lifestyle

Bell Work

Early Human History

Paleolithic art from Lascaux, France.

I. The Stone Age (From Survivors to Thrivers)

Stone Age split into three distinct periods: Paleolithic (Old Stone) Age – roughly 2 million years ago

until 12,000 B.C.E. Mesolithic (Middle Stone) Age – about 12,000 to 8,000 B.C.E. Neolithic (New Stone) Age – about 8,000 to 3,000 B.C.E.

Life during Paleolithic age Simple tool use (sticks, stones of varying shapes and sizes) Nomads – highly mobile, moved from place to place looking

for food usually in bands of 20-30 Hunter-gatherers – depended on hunting animals and

collecting foods Learned to control Fire, use animal skins for clothing Humans evolved to what we are today: Homo sapiens

sapiens Originated about 240,000 years ago in East Africa

I. continued…

Life in Paleolithic Age continued… Population growth was slow – hunter-gatherer way of life

cannot support large groups Late Paleolithic – development of culture

A people’s unique way of life – helps explain the environment and rules for social behavior (cave painting, buried the dead; belief in spirit world)

Development of complex languages and speech Entire world is populated by end of Paleolithic Age

Developments in the Mesolithic Age Last great Ice Age ends, living conditions improve for most of

the Northern Hemisphere Human progress accelerates – tools, weapons become more

sophisticated Food storage, animal domestication (taming) begins Population growth accelerated

Cave Paintings, France and Spain

II. Neolithic Revolution

Between 10,000 and 12,000 years ago, agriculture (farming) began This is called the Neolithic (or Agricultural) Revolution Took thousands of years to spread from Middle East (

Fertile Crescent) to rest of world Many groups began by practicing an early agriculture

technique called slash-and-burn farming: Cut and burned vegetation to clear a field – allowed to grow

back after a year or two, once farmers have moved on Further domestication of animals – horses, dogs, goats,

pigs, sheep, camels

What is the REVOLUTION? A TOTALLY new way of living:

From

Hunter-Gatherersto Agriculture

II. Continued…

Neolithic Revolution paves way for permanent settlements Agriculture allowed larger groups to live in one place

Catal Huyuk A Neolithic Age village, founded about 7,000 B.C.E. in

modern-day Turkey Population was in the thousands; grew 12 crops Traded and created military Specialized workers and cultural life flourished Drawbacks: natural disasters, diseases, warfare were

common problems or people live closely together

Neolithic Revolution comic

III. Civilization

Permanent settlements, like Catal Huyuk, led to emergence of civilization Societies that rely on agriculture, produce food

surpluses Have formal political organization Characterized by groups of non-farming elites, merchant

and manufacturing groups, specialized workers

Development of writing Essential to civilization for communication, record

keeping, establishment of law and order Cuneiform – first system of writing, emerged in Middle

East around 3500 B.C.E.

AdvancedAdvanced

CitiesCities

SpecializedSpecialized

WorkersWorkers

ComplexComplex

InstitutionsInstitutions

Record-Record-

KeepingKeeping

AdvancedAdvanced

TechnologyTechnology

Neo. Rev. leads to Population Explosion!

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10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

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100

3000 B.C.E.

2000 B.C.E.

1000 B.C.E.

500 B.C.E.

Population (millions)

IV. End of Stone Age

Bronze Age Emergence of civilizations also brought about the end

of the Stone Age Bronze Age – began around 3000 B.C.E. with the

widespread use of bronze (type of metal) tools

Key Vocabulary – Chapter 1 (Part 1)

Paleolithic (Old Stone) AgeHomo sapiens sapiensNeolithic (New Stone) AgeNeolithic RevolutionHunting and gatheringBronze AgeSlash and burn agricultureBandsCatal HuyukCivilizationCuneiformNomads